The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1920-09-10
FIRsTAID TO THE INJURED
e. Fifth Of = series Of articles ON
First Aid authorised by the
Northern Division Of the
&:.s American Red Cross. -.
BE A HELPFUL BYsTANDER
BY Captain G. r. G. Fisher
I. UNC0NsC10UsNEss OR 1NsENs1-
NJ ~. 22-' S'''~-' RTIITY.

ferent names for the same thing, and
possibly there is no other condition
which is 50 apt to puzzle one, as just
!, this state in which one may be found
lying because there. are so many
causes for it. AS for instance, severe
injuries to the skull causing concus-
sion Of the brain. Also certain dis
cases of the brain as apoplexy, >hy-
steria, and among the more common
) ,causes-fainting, shock, poisoning,
sunstroke, heat exhaustion, bleeding,
electric shock, and freezing or suf-
location. Be careful to ascertain from
bystanders what the cause was. II
no one is able to- explain, or none
but yourself and the patient is there,
then quickly study person and sur
roundings and examine for any of
}the causes as mentioned above. IT
there is evidence that the case is Sc
rious, send for medical help, and in
the meantime see that the patient is
placed in a position where breathing
is more easy. If the face is pale,
Keep: the head low, but if flushed,
raise head slightly, loosen clothing at
neck, chest and waist. If the patti
ent is cold, cover with blanket or
other wraps, and provide fresh air.
But be careful to note the follow
ing symptoms: If the breathing is.
rapid, or comes as in sighs; If beads
Of heat stand out on face; if skin is
cold and clammy; If the pulse is rap
i'd or imperceptible,ethen they are in
a state of shock or collapse and no
time must be lost in an endeavor to
revive: Sponge face with weak vine
gar or aromatic spirits. Of ammonia,
or sprinkle with cold water; hold
smelling salts. to- nostrils momentar-
lily; gently, shake and speak to
arouse, and when consciousness re-
turns give stimulant, preferably aro-
matte spirits ammonia " teaspoon
full in " glass of water.( If there Is
profuse bleeding, flex limb or apply
2tDurniquet. But il evidence of inter-
nal bleeding, Keep patient on side in
;recumbent position SO that in event
Of blood oozing from mouth or in
case of vomiting, they will not choke.
Blood which is coughed up frothy
and bright red, is from the lungs;
blood vomited and dark red is from
tile stomach. When they revive give
Chopped ice to suck and apply cold
cloths to lungs and stomach, as case
may be. ~
I Injuries to head with continued in
sensibility, simply call for general
care of condition and patient atten-
tion till medical help arrives.
+ If the condition is due to sun
stroke, remove quickly to shady
place; remove clothing to waist line;
place in semi-sitting position; dash
cold water on face and chest, and
keep ice bag to head. When revived
give cold Xater freely to drink. -
II electric shock, remove cause, if
still near cause, and if lung action
has ceased, perform artificial respir-
alton. When breathing is restored
and consciousness returns, treat
burns if any,. and give stimulant as
in sltoeR
If heat exhaustion, body will be
cold and clammy as in snock, with
similar conditions as to breathing
and pulse. Remove to quiet place,
loosen clothing, if the temperature is
below normal; keep body warm with
covers, and when conscious admins
ter stimulant as above, or hot tea or
coffee.
But If cause Of condition was suf-
location, following smoke, gas or wa
ter, artificial respiration will be the
first duty to perform, which will oc-
cupy separate article to follow.
Painting is really an emotional af-
fection, something causing the blood
to leave the head to succor the heart,
and the consequent pale face and COL
lapse causing one to fall. Painting
may be easily avoided if one will
bend over, If sitting or if standing,
stoop over, as If one were going to
pick up something. In the case of
another, if they seem to be on verge
of fainting, place hand on belt in
front and with other hand force the
head over, and the swoon is prevent
ed.
If one is in faint, don't pick them
up. Loosen tight clothing. fan,
sprinkle water on face and hold
smelling salts to nostrils momentar-
lily. When conscious give cold water
TO drink.