davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tomahawk., 1920-10-28
OLDLETTERS REVEAL LOST
CHAPTER IN WORLD
HISTORY

Lava preserved the secrets OF no
man civilization in Pompeii; tombs
protected the records Of ancient
Egypt's culture; and now there Is pros
pect that some long neglected letters
may reveal one of the most fascinat-
ing chapters in the historic trail of the
Jewish people, and incidentally show
that Africa doomed larger In the mid
die ages than modern historians have
realized.
Hitherto Africa has figured not at
all in medieval history. 1t still was
q clark continent" when Stanley and
Livingstone penetrated 1t less than
century ago. Yet, in view Of remark
able documentary discovery made by
Charles de 10 Ronciere. librarian OF
the national library in France, 1t
would seem Jews Of the fifteenth GEN.
fury had trading posts in northwest
Africa, and carried on a vast COM
MERGE with the natives from the Sa-
hara to the Atlantic and from Algeria
to the Niger.
Antonio Malfante, a Genoese citizen,
traversed this region and wrote his
descriptive letters, in 1447, from Tim
buktu and Touat. Timbuktu was the
Chicago Of the west African plains;
and Touat the center Of the camel
caravan traffic that exchanged the
wheat and barley Of Egypt for the
powdered gold Of Timbuktu and the
precious salt from Teghazza.
All the places visited by Malfante
we're so we'll known to the Jews of
his time that they were listed In
Catalan atlas prepared three-quarters
of q century earlier for Charles V,
according to M. Ronciere. But short
ly after Malfante's visit the Jews were
driven out of Spain, and since the
Jews were the only ones in Europe
who knew of the Nigeria country and
apparently permitted no Christian to
enter there except Malfante the Jew
ish knowledge was lost in Europe. Not
until DR.. Gerhard Rohlfs began his
explorations in. Algeria and Morocco
in 1860 did the rest of the world again
form q contact with the extensive re-
gions Of Malfante's travels.
Landing at a point west Of Algiers,
Malfante worked his way south to
Touat, which Rohlfs believed himself
to have been the first European to Wis
it. Yet Malfante dated his first letter
from there four centuries earlier.
Touat was an oasis, containing from
$50 to 200 villages, which together
formed vast commercial center.
Each had a chief. Travellers became
the guests Of these chiefs and NAL
fante reported their protection SUI
perfor to that in states like Tlemcen
and Tunis. One Of these towns was
Tametit. now decayed village, whose
people still recall the Jewish epoch.
Arabian invaders earlier had routed
the Jews, who were masters Of the
Sahara and whose empire extended
south to the Niger. Tametit, Malfante
wrote, sheltered both Jews and Mo-
hammedans, who lived in harmony.
The native negroes valued copper
highly, Malfante stated, and used 1t
for money. Profiteering, apparently,
is not modern vice. Malfante CON-.
planned, 1.-THE people here do not want
to transact any business If they do not
make a commission Of 100 per cent"
And their business was on big scale,
at that. Half q million head Of cattle,
to mention but one item, were brought
to market In the caravan season.
Pushing On to Timbuktu, Malfante's
boat was TIC brother Of q captain Of
The Tomahawk., 1920-10-28

fore the crate fire and reading busily.
For long time she sat silently watch
ing him, then she asked, "John, what
are you readingy my ritual" he
answered. "Well, must say" she
remarked with come spirit, IF you
had studied you= marriage VOWS as
much as you have studied that ritual
you would be a model husband"
The Tomahawk., 1920-10-28
H2AH2ZZC DDzz7G A72EN111k

feet perform wonders; but there Is
nothing wrong with his brain, either,
for he is as capable young business
manager as one would find in days
search.
Picture dirty, ragged, half-starved
armless boy lettering at the mouth Of
an alley begging for copper coins-a
hopeless, helpless, pitiful bit Of hui
mainly. That was Frantik, less than
seven years ago. He could not wash,
nor dress nor feed himself; he could
do nothing but squat by Bohemian
roadside and plead for charity. Then
DR.. Bakule came along and gathered
him up; just as the doctor came along
and gathered up number of other
pathetic child wrecks-some without
hands, some without feet, some with
out eyes-and went to work.
He taught them first how to care for
themselves, then manual training, and
finally he taught them to instruct 9TH
ers. In short, DR.. Bakule takes hui
man wrecks among children and in
four or five years converts them into
self-supporting young men and women
with an opportunity to find happiness
in this world.
Can one imagine any group of sound,
two-handed, two-footed American boys
who wouldn't brag little If they had
succeeded in setting up living quarters
in these bare rooms, making their fur
4iture Of old boxes, doing all their own
marketing and cooking and cleaning
up? That is what the crippled boys In
the Bakule school do;¬ for a few
weeks, but for months, all the while
putting in long hours in their work
shop to pay their living expenses.
Frantik is shining example of what
can be accomplished under DR.. Ba-
The Tomahawk., 1920-10-28

4 Borneo Court Of Justice.
II we were transported to the
shores of Borneo. we might see q
group Of natives gathered together I'M
The Tomahawk., 1920-10-28

Lines to Be Remembered.
To be what we are, and to become
what we are capable Of becoming, Is
the only end of life.-Robert Louis
Stevenson. s-r
The Tomahawk., 1920-10-28
Junior Red Cross Alots
$4,000 to Remarkably
\ Institution in Prague,
\. CzeChO- SloVakia +
H2AWZZH 1Z2ZZ7yG-

N ANONYMOUS dOnor
gave $4,000 to the Jul
Nor Red Cross to be used
in furthering it's work
in behalf of the children
of the war-devastated
countries of the world.
The Junior Red Cross
allotted this $4,000 to a
school for deformed and
crippled children In
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-03-22
GERMANY STARTS PROPAGANDA
FOR DIVISION OF TREATY

By Associated Press 20 Every Evening
Pzris, March 22-Cfermans are pre-
uarlng a formidable world propaganda IA
q favor a revision Of the Versailles treaty
and the holding OF q new International
conference st which vanqulshed nations
might be represented for the object of
changing OF eliminating many clauses OF
the present treaty between the allied
nations and Germany, according 20 a
Geneva dispatch book entitled The
Greatest Crime Of Humanity has been
prepared and 10000, 600 copies printed
for free distribution, especially n Amer
lea, England and France, and It IS sand
that millions of other pamphlets along
the same line viii follow.
The reactionary revolt IN Berlin on
March Is put : temporary stop 20 tne
movement, 1t Is said
Captain Andre Tsrdieu, one OF the
French delegates to the peace conference,
has written an article which appeared IN
last weeks edition of ILLUSTRATION, In
which he declared himself as beng op-
posed to any revision of the treaty.
Let Us first help our allies, he wrote,
and We will find this 10 be better than so
dream of a movement in favor OF benevo-
lence TO our vanquished enemies, which
instead Of inspiring gratitude, fosters
arrogance.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-03-22
SEEK COMPROMISE
ON AMENDMENTS
TO WHISKY BILL
Physicians Claim Changes Pro
posed by Drys Are Hard on
Druggists.
HOLD CONFERENCES TODAY

A conference will be held today be-
tween members of the New Castle County
Medical Society and representatives of
dry forces of Delaware for the purpose
If possible of drafting a measure that will
amend the Klair law satisfactory to both
sides While the amendments framed by
Prohibition Commissioner Boyce's al
torney on Saturday appeared TO meet with
the approval Of the medical men, after q
conference Oh Saturday night with the
druggists of the city. the doctors decided
that a more modified measure should
be drafted.
The druggists complained because
under the Klair law, even as the drys
suggested to amend it, would require
them to take out both federal and State
bonds. As a result the committee Of the
New Castle County Medical Society were
very busy much of Sunday, interviewing
members Of the Legislature 10 ascertain
whether a bill containing the amendments
they wanted would meet with the favor
of the legislature On Saturday night
medical societies Of both Kent and Sussex
counties met and according 10 New
Castle practitioners both indoTsed the
action Of the New Castle county doctors
and promised TO stand by them in their
demands before the Legislature In speak
ing of the bill they would like to have
presented, a member Of the New Castle
County Committee said today that the
doctors wanted to confer with the dry
forces to see if they can get together a
bin that would be satisfactory 10 both
Mr.. Boyce, it is understood is using hi'
influence TO bring about a meeting Of the
dry forces and the doctors today
No bill amending the klair law will b,
prepared however, until the Legislature
establishes it's wishes in regard tQ tn,
new legislation The outcome OF th'
/, proposed amendments was reviewed
/ at the services at St Paul's NJ +. Churcl
1 yesterday when Rev. DIR. Carlisle l.
Hubbard expressed his opposition to an,
move on the part Of the dry forces 4
amend the Klair bill. On motion tn
! congregation indorsed the stand takel
I by their pastor 1t is rumOTed that tn
/ Wilmington M f. Conference, whicl
convenes in Grace M Il. Church ol
/ Wednesday, will be called upon to tax
some action on this matter as many Of th
! pastors feel as DIR Hubbard does. On tn
/ other hand the Anti-Saloon League o
Delaware announced that not until
Continued on page
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-03-22
ARMY SENT To RUHR
TREATY IS VIOLATED
Big Force Of German Troops on
Way TO Fight Spar
tacans.
ny Assoclated Press b Every Evening

Paris. March %. Eight thousand per-
sons have been killed since the German
revolt broke out on March IL, according
to advices received here. OF this lumber
$50 were killed in Berlin alone
Spartacan forces in the Ruhr valley Of
Germany number at least 10000 and
some estimate them at 10000. according
10 latest adyices received at the foreign
office here. They arc well Organized, be-
ing composed Of old shock troops and
veterans supplied with artillery, machine
guns and mine throwers, and having
batteries Of II centirnetre field guns with
plenty Of ammunition.
Major Beerfeld relative Of Mazimilien
Harden. is commander Of these troops.
He is also known as the man who pub
lished Prince Lichnowsky's report. biaTn-
ing the German government for starting
the world war, and was also prominent N
the Spartacist troubles at the time Of
the arrnisticc and also January, 1913.
Ebert government authorities are CON
centrating troops and planning to surround
the Ruhr valley and force the Spartacists
to capitulate These men, however, are
younger and less trained than the Reds
The occupation Of the Ruhr district by
German troops is in direct violation of
Article AZ and 43 Of the treaty Of Versailles
IL was pointed out at the foreign Office,
which added the comment that this was
the first act committed by Germany in
violation of the treaty, the other viola
fions being those Of omission. II was
indicated that the French government
would take no separate action in the CIR
cunstances, acting only after consulta-
tion with the allies as TO what measures
were necessary
Two German officers have been sent by
the Ebert government u acqualnt the
French authorities with the situation n
the Ruhr district These officers are ex-
pected 10 reach Paris this evening.
The foreign office advices regarding the
composition of the Red army IN the Ruhr
region indicate thst il was recruited main
~ among the iron workers and not the
miners. The military organization ex'
tends also to the civil services and the
postofice and the telegraph lines srs
under control Of the Communists.
Stuttgart, March 22.-Troope from
Silesia are officially reported to have
arrived in the RlIhr district, and fighting
with the Spartacan army there IS ex
pected tomorrow. Exaggerated rumor'
as to the size Of the Red Cross there arc
current in this city, being said by somi
that they number 10000.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-03-22
GEN, CHARLES BIRD
DIES IN BROOKLYN
AFTER OPERATION
Veteran of Civil and Spanish
Wars Was Red Cross
Leader
KEEN REGRET OVER DEATH

General Charles Bird. veteran of the
Civil War and Spanish-American war and
president of the Delaware Red Cross.
died in a private hospital in Brooklyn at
\ O'Clock this morning following an
operation This news came as great
shock TO his thousands of friends in thus
State, who. although realizing the serious
ness Of an operation at the general $
age. had received such favorable reports
from prior light operations that they
hoped he would rally from the one last
week
The remains will be brought to this
CITY late this afternoon by his two sons,
Peter Bowman Bird and Charles Bird,
of near New York City and Mt Vernon,
New York. who arc members OF the
firm of Bird. Archer and Company OF
New York City. No arrangements for
the funeral will be made until their ar
rival In addition to the two sons, Cen
cral Bird is survived by Mrs. Bird
Henry L. Scott. chairman OF the execu-
tive committee of the Delaware Red
Cross. was shocked when ne learned of
the generals death. No one except
those associated with Red Cross work for
wears can realize what power Of strength
General Bird was IN it, said MIR. Scott.
He was one of the most active leaders in
its organization and his activities have
not been confined to Delaware but ex-
tended throughout the nation. In all
important matters that effected the Red
Cross, General Bird took deep interest
and the wonderful record achieved by
the. organization is due in large measure
to the wisdom and counsel of General
Bird
Judge George Gray expressed keen
grief at the loss of General Bird. He
was a great friend of mine, Judge Gray de
cIared. Il was very fond of him and al
wavs admired him His death will be a
great loss TO the community, where he has
alwavs been helpful IN every movement
for the benefit of cIvic conditions. His
influence was always for good, and hi:
example as patriotic citizen Will Ions
be cherished
Tribute to General Birds qualities a;
a man and a soldier was expressed by
General James II Wilson. A more ex
emplarv, gallant and useful officer never
wore the American uniform, General vii
son SAID He was very badly wounded
in one Of the later battles of the War o.
the Rebellion, and suffered the effects o.
this wound throughout his life. 1t wa:
presumably the ultimate cause OF hi'
death
sFLENDiD WAR RECORD.
Gen. Charles Bird was the son Of James
T. and Elizabeth Bird, and great-grand
son of William Bird, who was a captain
Continued on page Ii
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-03-22
FLED THROUGH GRAVEYARD
Negro Seen Attempting to Bre X iLGr0.
Gerry Store.

When q Negro runs through a grave
ward at night, there generally is a very
good reason Several nj hts ago one had
a good reason for going through Riverview
cemetery for Patrolman Cats was after
him, after he had discovered the man
attempting to break into grocery store
at Twenty-ninth and West streets.
Although Patrolman Cats fred, the
would-be robber escaped
The Negro is believed to have been the
same person who several nights ago,
about 2.30 . clock in the morning before
attempted TO enter the home Of William
NJ Watson, 3 East Thirtieth street, but
who was folled by someone in the house,
who heard the noise st the window A
portion Of the glass in the door had been
removed very carefully, the putty even
having been taken out, when the noise
attracted someone in the house, who
hurrying downstairs, evidently frightened
the intruder off
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-03-22
PREDICTS VICTORY
Mrs. Henry Ridgely Says Delaware
Will be True to Traditions,
and Ratify.

Mrs. Henry Ridgely, President of the
Delaware Equal Suffrage Association,
said last night, in discussing the coming
session Of the Legislature, with reference
to IFS probable action on the Susan b.
Anthony amendment
Suffrage is an assured fact No action
of the Delaware Legislature can delay
il more than for brief season. People
of the original thirteen colonies were
committed 10 the cause of independence
so the people of America are today com
mitted to the ballot for their women.
Delaware was loyal to America in
1915. She will be loyal 10 America IN
1920 She viii prove her loyalty by her
action In the historic state house at Dover,
whose walls witnessed the birth of the
first state of the union, and will witness
the birth of justice TO the daughters Of
the Union.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-03-22
NEW STRIKE CRISIS
GRAVER PERIL THAN
RIOTS IN Germany
Syndicalists and Socialists Reject
Terms Reached by Labor
Interests and Government.
BIG STRIKE SPREADING
py Asaocia.ea Prees % Everg Evrnlng

by Associated Press 20 Every Evening
Paris, March 22.---There " much dIs-
satisfaction in Berlin regarding the agree
ment reached between the labor interests
and the government yesterday, according
to information sent the French foreign
Office. The terms are being resisted by the
majority faction Of the syDdicalists and
also by the independent Socialists. Jbe
latter, il was declared, we're Dissatisfied
because they had not been consulted,
and both the protesting bodies desire
the reputation Of Carl Legien, president
Of the German Federation Of Trade
Unions who acted in behalf Of that or
ganization.
The Central Strike Bureau, the advice
state, IL claiming the right 10 cali OH the
strike and this ls bringing up the menace
Of another political crisis. THIS menace
is considered the gravest feature Of the
situation oYershadowing the occsslonai
riots and clashes, IN the streets.
The strike was continuing tbis morning
Paris, March 2-Negotiations BE-
tween members of the Ebert and party
leaders OF the German National Assembly
and delegates % workers. which have BEEN
going on at Berlin, are declared in an
official British report 20 have been
interrupted because Of an increase N the
claims Of the workers.
Spartacan forces still control Stett'n,
Dusseldorf, ElberfeFd and Essen, where
great disorder prevails. The situation
IN Kiel and in southwest Germany is
quiet but some agitation is reported IN
agricultural sections Of Pomerania sn1
Mecklenburg.
Stuttgart, March PA general strike
has been called in Munich for tomorrOp
and il is expected the movement vii
extend throughout Bavaria, unless II y
stopped "a a result Of the negotiation
now in progress 70 settle the demands of
the workingrnen for pay during the period
they were on strike against the happ
regime.
Meetings are 10 be held in the Wurttem-
berg factories by the councils Of TorsDen
to consider If similar action should De
taken throughout Wurttemberg.
Reports received here from NuremberE
said that city vas quiet on Sunday fol-
flowing some disorders from the day
previous Further disorders st Leipslc
on sunday we're reported
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-03-22
RECEPTION TO BISHOP.
And Members of M. E. Confer
ence by Grace Epworth League,
Tuesday Night.

A reception to the bishop and the con
ference tomorrow night in the parlors of
Grace Church. by the Epworth League,
will be the first feature Of the Methodist
Episcopal Conference An address on
behalf Of the city will be delivered by
Mayor William G. Taylor; John = Mullin
will speak in behalf of Grace Church; Rev
ID. ". Jacobs, secretary of Wilmington
Conference. will respond with an address
in behalf of the conference. and a short
address will be made by Bishop William
F. Mcdowell.
The program will comprise selections
by the augmented orchestra of Grace
Church, violin solo by Miss Pauline
Eberhart, soprano solo by Miss Unalee
Tucker and readings by Miss Daisy Viii
son. H. NJ White, president of the Ep-
worth League, will preside at the meeting.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-03-22
GERMAN OUTLOOK
IS BLACK, DEFENSE
MINISTRY ADMITS
Situation in Berlin is Described
as Bad" Government is
Making Slight Gains.
COMMUNISTS STILL HOLD
STETTIN, is LATE REPORT
BY Associated Press to Every Evening

ny assoclafu tfssh 10 Every EsenihB
Berlin, March 2t.-Conditions in Ger
many were described by the ministry
Of defense this morning as extremely
serious.
"You cannot paint the situation through
out Germany 200 black an official at the
ministry declared 10 tho correspondent
after a survey of the reports that had
come III during the night.
The situation in Berlin itself was
characterized AZ bad In one case a
company of volunteers had been over
powered by Spartacan forces, its officers
killed and their bodies mutilated. This
occurred near the Joahannestal aviation
ground The government forces recap
tured Adlershop and Joahannestal, from
which they had been driven, killing 20 Of
the Red troops and capturing "a others
who were promptly executed.
The southern and eastern parts of Ger
many are reported quiet, although unrest
was said to- be spreading among the
agricultural population IN Pomerania
and Mecklenburr The Communists
were still in charge today al Stettna. At
Kiel which the troops had left, conditions
were reported quiet
North Of the Spree. in the Berlin dis
trict. the outposts of the regulars have
been withdrawn, leaving detachrnents 10
guard the stock yards and railway
station.
The marine brigade and the Baltic
troops. which occupied Berlin during
the kapp regime, have been cleared out
from Charlottenburg and have joined the
other military units at the Doeberitz
camp where all are reftting These
troops. it was stated will be counted
as the chief protectors of Berlin. Neu-
koelln and Tempelhof, the workingmen :
residence quarters IN the suburbs, where
disorders occurred on Saturday, have
been Quilted by government troop activi-
fire
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-03-22
CANADA DROPPING NAVY.
Dockyards Being Dismantled and
Dominion's WarshipS 20 be
Sold; Reason Not Given.
By Associated Press 70 Every Evening

Ottawa, March % -Demobilization
of Canadian naval forces, with exception
of the naval colleges and approximately
500 men, has been ordered by c. G. Bal
lantyne. minister of naval Affairs, sc
cording 20 the Ottawa journal which
states reasons for the order have not
been learned.
According TO the Journal the naval
dockyards at Esquimalt and Halifax are
being dismantled; the organizations at
those ports are 20 be dishanded and the
Canadian cruisers Niobe and RAINBOW
are to be sold In addition the demoblhza-
ton order affects headquarters stan here.
Officials in MIR Ballantyne's depart
ment refused to discuss the matter.
A discussion Of Canada's naval policy
has been under discussion for some time.
1t was capped recently by report of
Admiral Viscount JelhcOe, invited by the
Dominion government 20 make report
in Canadas naval needs. The admi al
declared in favor OF building prog am
ranging from $1,000. coo to S25,0oo,oo0.
Proposals for Canadian naval build
ing program We're reported 20 have been
met with disfavor when they submitted TO
caucus of government forces last Tues
day night. Less than half dozen mem
bers were said 10 favor even moderate
scheme Of naval defense
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-03-22
DIED AT NEARLY 9S.

Special Correspondence Of Every Evening
Lewes, March % Funeral services Of
Captain Edward s. Tunnel aged 81
years and months, were held at Lewes
Presbyterian Church, Saturday afternoon,
and interment made in the adjoining
cemetery
The decu ased was the eldest resident Of
this town and until the time Of his death
was very active for a man of his age He
is survived by two sons. superintendent
William T. Tunnel Of the Coast Guards
Of this district, and George r. Tunnel, a
local merchant