davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-01-22
SEE HERE
Do Yen Want Your Kidneys Expert.
Mentod On?

Kidney troubles are getting more
common every day. Government
health bureau figures say deaths from
this cause are " per cent moro than
20 years ago.
Anybody who suffers constant back
ache, who feels blue, nervous and irri-
table; who has dizzy spells, headache
and urinary disorders should suspect
kidney weakness. Overworked hdys
must have rest. Take things q n;
live more carefully. Take . good nd
ney remedy to build the kidneys up
again.
But be sure to get Doan's Kidney
Pills-the oldest, the most widely used
the best recommended Of all kidney
pills. now in use all over the civilized
world. Ask your neighbour! Don't ex-
pertinent with your Kidneys Thous-
ands have already tested boan's. You
have their experience to go by. Plen-
ty Of cases right here in Emmett.
Here's one:
Mrs. Earl Stickney, Walnut Ave-,
Emmett, says: ~ have great faith in
Doan's Kidney Pills because Of the
good they have done right in my fam
lily. When my back has been weak
and lame and / have had pains across
my kidneys and my kidneys have been
acting irregularly, have found
Doan's Kidney Pills fine. They al
ways give me good results and l know
can rely on them"
Price 60c, at all dealers. Don't sim
ply ask for a kidney remedy-get
Doan's Kidney Pills-the same that
Mrs. Stickney had. Foster Milburn
Co., Mfrs, Buffalo, NJ Y.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-01-22
Farmers Meeting.

There will be a meeting of the
stock subscribers of the Cooperative
Exchange at the Commercial Club
rooms at Emmett on Saturday, Jan.
10, at p. m. for the purpose of elect
ing directors, and adopting bylaws.
All farmers are invited, whether
stockholders or not.
By order of the Committee,
r. SUTTON, Secretary
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-01-22
II saw it in The Index" Why not subscribe
and read it yourself. All the news. $500 per year


Men can run about 81 feet q second
that being the worlds record for .
hundred yard sprint. Contrary to
common superstition. skaters are no
swifter than runners, the worlds rec
ords for both being precisely the same
1925 seconds for . hundred yards.
Runners on skis have. however, made
as much ~ Y feet = second. and In
leaping on skis more than 100 feet
second 10 attained.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-01-22
AAplieatioas for Grazing Permit.

Notice is hereby given that all ap-
plications for permits to Craze cattle,
horses and sheep within, the Payette
National Forest during the season Of
1920, must be filed in my office at
Emmett, Idaho, on or before January
%, 1920. Full information in regard
to the grazing fees to be charged and
blank forms to be used in making ap-
plieations win be furnished upon re-
quest.
GUY B. MAINS, Supervisor.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-01-22

Il hops this II merely 4 passing fancy,
Annie. That girl IL a new type IN the
village and she fascinates Tom. But ]
don't like his ns1lecting MARY. She's
such Z genuine Siri."
"Yes. her conpIexiOa viii staAd ths
sunlight.' added the sister.
In the Sinclair homo that evening
the atmosphere was saturated with the
germs Of Jealousy and malicious trt-
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-01-22
The Successful Farmer
Raises Bigger Crops

and cuts down costs by investment in
labor-saving machinery
Good prices for the farmers crops en-
courage new investment. more production
and greater prosperity.
But the success of agriculture depends
on the growth of railroads-the modern
beasts of burden that haul the crops to
the worlds markets.
The railroads-like the farms-increase
their output and cut down unit costs by
the constant investment of new capital.
With fair prices for the work they do
the railroads are able to attract new capital
for expanding their facilities.
Rates high enough to yield fair return
will insure railroad growth. and prevent
costly traffic congestion. which invariably
results in poorer service at higher cost
National wealth can increase only as our
railroads grow.
Poor railroad service is dear at any
price. No growing country can long pay
the price of inadequate transportation
facilities
CQlD advertisement ia published byhe
e1Adoclatlon1 tRalttiay SGxccltl.SA
fAos i4ssias a<|era1isa o.evnins u. rsilosd
aHoa stsis MrGs b x-ihss to rAs Asso1s
Hsa 4 Rsluav EssestisA. 81 Broodueu. Ns1 Pesh
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-01-22

All kinds Of Inks at The Index.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-01-22

ross d4sias tgev.~ea concerning ~ rsilrosd siiS-
soa ~sy stss. litsrstsrs b r-itse to rAs Assoe,o
Hsa 4 R1lsay Essestsss. 81 Broedpau. Ns0 Yssh
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-01-22

One|
Tread
centpi
fly lie
born I
1863, |
was b
March
Mr.. u
18th
next |
eight |
death4
ed as|
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03

held in Fausts hall at which immediate
relatives and many friends were pres
ent. The evening was spent in dancing
the old time dances and most joyous
time was had by everybody in attend
ance.
Outside guests in attendance were:
n: D., August Young and son of St.
Buchanan, Mrs. Fuchs and daughter of
st. Cloud, Mrs. Ed Ruff of Morris, Mimi.
Mr.. and Mrs. Peter Nagel were united
in marriage fifty years ago in Spring.
field. Wis. Mrs: :Nagers maiden name
was Gertrude Kelsenberg and is sis
ter to John Kelsenbergo Of Buchanan.
farm until few years ago, then moved
to the village. where they are living
now.
They were blessed with eight chill
dren, seven are living. they are: Mrs.
Helen Marshik, Mrs. Minnie Hennen,
Mrs. Gertrude Ruff Mrs. Johann;
Nordstan and Mrs: Mary Block, al! were
present, also thirty-four grandchildren
Joseph Fleckenstein, who in company
with JOS Otremba Of Agram left for
Oregon about three weeks ago, re-
turned home Monday morning. Mr..
Fleckenstein says the crops are good in
Oregon this year and people are now
digging potatoes The weather has
been quite nice, but the winter rains in
the coast states has already COM
menced.
Tuesday morning at o'clock in the
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03
PERI

Pierz Journal, (25):-Mr and Mrs.
Peter Nagel Of the village of Pierz cele-
brated their Golden Wedding last Mon
day. It was a solemn event, an event
that does not happen 20 many married
couples.
The ceremonies were held in St.
Joseph's church at 8 o'clock a. M, Rev.
j. G. Stiegler Officiating. The children
and grandchildren. formed in procession
past them to the front, LED by two
little girls in white. All received Holy
Communion. After the ceremonies in
church the golden wedding couple and
relatives went to the Nagel home
where q delicious dinner was served.
The dining room was decorated with
white and gold streamers. The cake
with 50 roses Of gold with candles in
each rose. They had cut flowers com
posed Of roses and astors. The parlo1
was decorated with yellow and green
streamers. The happy couple were pre-
, sented with many beautiful gifts.
In the evening. grand reception was
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03
FAWN0AI.E

Dec IL P: Anderson and H., NJ
j. F. Kulla was a Royalton caller
Henry cichon Of swanville called on
Members of. the Farm Bureau were
soliciting among the farmers of this
DR.. Watson Of Royalton was here
Wednesday.
Harold Peterson was "a Flensburg
Nicholas Kuka of Little Falls was
a business visitor here Tuesday.
L. P. Anderson and H. NJ. Kinney were
business visitors at Mark Peterson's in
Swan River Monday.
evening at the J.. p. Madsen home in
Swan River Thanksgiving.
Mr.. and Mrs. Simon Sobieck spent
aaa Mrs g % say ct n fhs nS%H Of Mr.
A son was born to Mr.. and Mrs. James
Caswell of St. Paul November 49, Mrs.
Caswell was Miss Alfredo Bosell of this
place formerly.
Holger Peterson returnend Friday
from Thief River Falls.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Rosa and chill
dren. Christina and Roman, visited at
the A. J. Rosa home in Swan River
Mr.; and Mrs. J; P; Jacobson and Mr..
were visitors at the L. P. Andersen
Joseph Casey arrived the first of the
week from Milwaukee, Wis, for q visit
at the home of his parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Patrick Casey.
Martin Casey and Christ and Waldi-
mar Madsen have returned home from a
hunting trip to the northern part of the
state. 1t is understood they brought
deer home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Anton Rosa and daugh-
ter Regina and Frank Rosa Motored
to Little Falls Wednesday.
Joseph Cichon has purchased an g.
horse power gasoline engine to be used
!, as motor power on his farm. He also
farm.
Simon Sobieck, John Stiller, Frank
Cichon and Emanuel Bosell of Swan
, vile and Martin Casey of Swan River
were Sunday visitors at the H. M. Kin
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03
NATIONAL FARM BUREAU MEET
ma

L. E. Potter Of Springfield, president
of the Minnesota Farm Bureau Fedora
ton; R. L. Scott of Borup, vice pres
ident, and T. E. eastman of Owatonna
have been elected directors of the Amer
lean Farm Bureau Federation for tho
year 1921 and with F. L. French of st
Paul, secretary Of the Minnesota Fed
GRAFTON; V. E. Anderson of Wheaton,
treasurer; and F. W. Murphy of Wheat
on will go to Indianapolis as delegates
from the. Minnesota organization to the
annual meeting Of the American Farm
Bureau Federation to be held December
s, and 8. Mr.. Murphy has been ap-
pointed by John R. Howard, president
OF the national organization, as mem
Der of the committee on resolutions.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03


st. Johns church at Lastrup occurred
the marriage of Miss Theresa Vosen to
Jacob Holm, Rev. H. Klein officiating.
attended as pSS 'Sfe an3 81 d the R
brother of the groom, was best man.
The wedding ceremony was perform
ed in the presence of a host Of relatives
and friends. The bride is the daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Peter Vosen of Lastrup
and the groom son Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Adam Holm also of Lastrup.
The wedding was celebrated at the
home of the groom, where a large num-
Der of relatives and friends gathered
and spent a most joyous time.
Mr.. and Mrs. Mike Feucht of Leroy.
Wis, are here on visit with Mr.: and
Mrs Louis Feucht and other relatives.
Mel Wermerskirchen. who has been
employed at Great Falls, Mont, the
past few years, arrived here Friday to
spend some time in Pierz. He says bus
iness is quite dead in Montana, miners
and many shopmen have been laid OIL
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03

- . " ~. - y * ,sG--g 80. ~ -! .
Some factories closed up entirely Il
is expected that business will pick up
again by January list, 1921. &1*
VIM. Kingen of Lastrup took the
train for Duluth Saturday afternoon,
where he will be employed.
JOS. B. BoseF, who has been employed
by Gregor Zachma at Rogers, MINI,
since March 1st, returned home yester-
pleased with the country at Rogers,
which is about 80 miles northwest from
Minneapolis
home visiting her folks, Mr.. and Mrs.
Mike Thommes. on account If the ILL
ness of her sister Hildegaard, who was
operated upon for ruptured appendix;
her old friends again.
Four Of our hunters, Joe P. and Peter
Meyer. Chris Morrill, and A. H Faust
returned few days ago from a deer
hunt bringing with them three nice
deer.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03
8TATEndENT OF PAVING COST ON
FILE WITH CITY CLERK

An itemized statement Of the cost of
the paving done in Little Falls this
summer, is now on file in the office of
the city clerk, having been fled by the
city engineer at the request of the
council. The statement may be ex'
amined by any citizens, having been
prepared for that purpose.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03

Mrs. j. J. Jacobson entertained the
Ladies' aid of the Danish Lutheran
church Friday afternoon. Rev. and
and also spent the weekend with
friends here.
The Thanksgiving dinner served in
the basement Of the Danish Lutheran
church Thanksgiving day, was quite
well attended. little over $45 was
realized.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03
ST. CLOUD BAKER BANKRUPT

Willard s. Freeman, proprietor OF a
bakery in st. Cloud, has fled petit
tion in bankruptcy in the United States
court at Fergus Falls. The bankruptcy
case is one Of the largest filed there in
long time, the liabilities being placed
at 2l,613.26 and the assets at $685.
4O7.77.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03

WE ARE THE LARGEST CREAM
BUYERS IN THE COUNTY AND CAN
GIVE YOU BETTER SERVICE THAN
OTHER BUYERS. KIEWEL ASSO-
C1ATED PRODUCTS co. 17-tf
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03

Harvey Ploof, who has operated a
billiard par]or at Tower City, N. D., for
the last two years, has sold the place
and expects to locate elsewhere.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03

Local people are taking advantage of
the opportunity to have old rags made
up into rugs by the children in the op-
portunity room at the Lincoln school.
The work is done for a very nominal
charge.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03

E. j. Beattie is again back in the
confectionery business here, having
purchased the store which he sold to D.
J. BEN this spring. He took possession
Wednesday. Mr.. Bell has no definite
plans fsr the future.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03

Mrs. E. A. Berg entertained party
Of thirty little children Friday after
noon In honor Of her daughter Billie,
the occasion being her birthday ami
veIsa1y. Games and music furnished
the amusement for the little folks and
a dainty lunch was served.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03

We ARE NOW BUYING CREAM
AT OUR NEW CREAMERY. HAUL
TO U8 AND MAKE MONEY. KH-
WE'LL ASSOCIATED PRODUCTS
CO., 17t1
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1920-12-03

Minneapolis. Minnesota "
4 STATEMENT SUBSCRIBERS
1HE NECESSITY FOR INCREASED TELEPHONE
Because telephone service is necessity the
1T is important to
our and that this
operating including
reasonable return the property
meet tho demands OF the public for service.
fair and property i.
to employees could not
70
~ required BY the public.
On capital which than tho
.nd our s.S to before tho Minnesota
ha, % y. nsve not pe1d dividend
Forced to not H..
interest charges on money borrowed. WV
1: situation makes Minnesota
~ '> ~ ~~''''' III our
tte .heo other Dropping realize
that tho
% @ rect hshsr costs but telephone
snd Mrehuse conaiss4en FOR gathering
being Obtained and ha necessary
At loss until relief 10 ~ ~>~'o'~
tn. at ::' s a' With
essat our an: f's1 accepted
characterised attitude this Company ~ '
NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY.
i. 4zz4z{
e ..@.4=S# President. III
~ 4
Cleveland County herald., 1920-04-29

Buy your laundry and toll soaps at l. E. Moore's store l, urday May 1st $1 50 value $1 0o. One day only.
Cleveland County herald., 1920-04-29

T. O. Stew art, Tax Assessor New Edinburg was a businf ss visitor here Tuesday.
Cleveland County herald., 1920-04-29

The Ciev land onty sni Comns ' gili ready na ti. next week. Company composed of F. M. Cook ana 8. Thomas. :.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10
SOC Outing Flannels
Yard, 38c

The Best Qualities of Outing Flannels very
fine and soft, with velvety finish; full width in
a large assortment of plaids, checks, stripes and
plain colers, as we'll white. This will supply
your.wants at great saving. Buy early.
First FloSr-LansburSA q Brother
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10
Domestic Cotton Specials for Monday

This IS very sPec1aI 'occas1o1i
how low our prices are.
I.oee Yards Sea Island Sheeting.
ronnd thread unbleached sheeting.
which will bleach white in first
washing. Sc inches OLsC
wide. Yard .....-...... A~H
LOCO Yards Fine Bleach Cotton,
a fine bleach cotton, with soft I'm
ish, entirely without dressing; fine
for family uses.
Yard ~O
SOC Dwight Anchor MILDLY Twill, a
very heavy cloth, ideal for making
MILDLY blouses or girls MILDLY suits.
Also good for tiny boys ar
sailor suits ................. sA~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10

50 Dozen Star Pillowcases, seconds
OF our famous Cara brand sheetiog
No imperfection, but possibly seam
on both sides. Very 2Sr
special, each ................ wv
20 Dozen Bontex Bolster Cases,
size 42x72. Very heavy quality and
very firm. Made straight with the
sewage An unusually good O0c
value at this price wv
10 Dozen Mohawk Sheets, size Blk
90. Just the size for double bed.
Only ten dozen in the lot, SO buy
early. The name speaks @ ~
for itself. Each ........ VAsO/
First Floor-LansburEh 4 Brother
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10

Is Dozen Victory Sheets, with
heavy linen finish. Size Sky.
Seamless and hand torn. Note the
size--it is extra long. Ct 40
Very special each ...... VI W.
20 Dozen Belvedere Sheets, the old
reliable sheet for hard wear. A
heavy linen finish. Size 8lxsO for
the double bed A Ct OK
splendid value ..:....... -.
20 Dozen Embroidered Pillow
cases, size 45x36. Embroidered and
hemstitched in many beautiful dee
signs. A great asset to the bed
room. Specially OQC
priced Observation-Disclosures. NV
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-07-02

Infantry band. stationed at Gov
errors Island, come Of whose mem
bers played with the TottenviIle
band last season and also furnished
the music at the field meet at the 8.
s. White Dental plant last Satur-
day.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-07-02
Pleasant Plains

Mrs. Joseph C. Seguine and
daughter. of Prince Bay. have gone
to Windsor. Nova Scotia. for a visit
with her sister.
Mrs. ]. Starkey and daughter,
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-07-02

Acrsnesr Cai<o in the catskiils&
James Taylor "a nome rrom IN
Memorial Hospital where he und~-.
went an operation for appendicitis
Mrs. Earle Dickson goes tomor-
row to Wildwood to spend the
Fourth.
Miss Charlotte b. Page. Of the
T~ottenville school faculty, Will
spend her vacation at Earlville.
Walter Schultz, OF West New
Brighton, and George Kubsch. of
the Bronx, were each fined SIS for
speeding by Magistrate Croak in the
second district court yesterday and
Marco Fortoray, of Brooklyn. re-
cefved a suspended sentence for an
improper turn.
The second annual outing Of the
Shipbuilders Sick Benefit Associa-
ton will be held Sunday at Wards
Point. There will be games and all
kinds of sports. Refreshments will
be for sale.
The Tottenviiis Community or
chestra held a practice last night
for the concert to be given at the
Young Mems Business Club Monday
night under the mayors Fourth of
July committee.
Another meeting for the organi-
zation of a lodge of the Order of
Moose was held last night at odd
Fellows hall.
All patrolmen throughout the
greater city who volunteered for
snow shoveling during the past win
ter will be given an extra half days
vacation for each day that they
worked in shoveling In Manhattan.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-07-02
ST. STEPHENS CHURCH
PARTY WAS SUCCESSFUL

BY Special Correspondent.
ToTTENvILLE, July 1.-The get
together party under the auspices OF
st. Stephens church parish, last
night at the Masonic temple was
enjoyed by members of the church
together with their friends. Cards
that included bridge, five hundred
and euchre were played during the
evening. Twenty-Five tabls IS were
playing and about twenty-five prizes
were awarded in all to the players.
Following the cars dancing was en-
poyed to the music furnished by
Frank and Everett Joline. Profess
sor and Mrs. Sigfred Frederickson
of New York, entertained with
several cello and piano selections
during the evenings entertainment.
The affair was q success.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-07-02
j. 5. DESTROYER
SENT To TURKEY
Make Concerted Effort to
Bring About Release of z
Americans Held by Turks

WASHINGTON, July 7-In a con-
carted effort TO bring about the re-
lease of Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Nilsson,
Of Illinois. who are held by the Tur-
klsh nationalists. an American de-
stroyer has been dispatched TO
Messina and the French authorities
are holding Turkish hostages, Adj
miral Bristol OF Constantinop1e. re-
ported today to the state depart
ment.
Americans at Hagjfn in the
mountains Of SILICA, six of whom.
according to press reports have sur
rendered TO Turkish nationalists
were well as late as April 20, the
date OF the latest direct news from
Hagtfn to Constantinople.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-07-02

Americans Safe.
CCNSTANTINOPLE, July l.
IN the Americans are safely out
OF Hagjin. where the Armenians
were stfll holding against the Turks
up to June IL. according to advices
received.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-07-02
JAMES F. SMITH DIES HERE
TODAY IN HIS GATH YEAR

James r. Smith, probably the
oldest native of Perth Amboy. died
at his residence, ATS Mcclellan
street, at Z o'clock this morning.
Nj. smith, who was in his eighty
fourth year., was born on July 20,
1896, and passed his whole life in
Perth Amboy. He was the son OF
Matthew and Bridget Smith, who
also lived TO be over eighty years
old and who YER among the early
settlers OF Perth Amboy. Mr. Smith
was born on Front street at a time
when nearly all of Perth Amooy
was east OF High street Early In
life he took UP the trade of black
smithing and forty years ago estab-
nshed his business In King street
where it is still being conducted BY
his son, James.
Nearly fifty years ago Mr.. Smith
purchased the large plot of ground
at the southeast corner Of Madison
avenue and Smith street and lived
there from 1887 to 1915 when he
sold the property.
Mr.. Smith cast his first vote In
1857 when there were only 200 vot-
ers In Perth Amboy and never miss
ed voting until last year. He was
q lifelong member of St. Marys
church and witnessed the frst cor
nerstone laying OF n church IN
1914 by Bishop Hughes of New
York
Mr.. Smith is survived by three
cons. Matthew T., James +. OF this
city and John Of Memphis. Tenn;
one daughter, Mrs. Joseph Keenen,
one sister, Mrs. Richard O"Toole,
and two grandsons-
The funeral will be held on Mon
day morning at 10 o'clock at st.
Mary's church.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-07-02
PARK BAND CONCERTS
FOR THIS SUMMER

BY Special Correspondent.
TOTTENVILLE, July 2-Three
band concerts under the park de-
partment of the city of New York.
have been allotted for Tottenville
for this summer. according to the
announcement received by Andrew
N. Sprague, leader Of the Totem
vile band. The proposition was
brought up before the band Monday
at the meeting and practice that
was held for the Fourth of July
concert to be held at the Young
Mems Business Club Monday night
and after considerable discussion II
decided to turn the concerts
down. The date selected for the
three concerts are Thursday. July
Is. July 20 and August IL. This
calls for a fifteen piece band and
An effort is being made to have
the concerts turned over to the ed