New Mexico state record., 1920-01-09

Il pump cannot be placed so that the limiting
suction lift will not be exceeded it is necessary
to lower the pump cylinder into the well. raising
the water from the cylinder to the spout by the
direct lift of the piston. Water can be pushed
more easily than it can be pulled, hence. rather
than resort to extreme suction lifts it is prefer
able to lower the cylinder to within 10 feet or
less OF the supply, still better to submerge 1t.
Where water is discharged against pressure a
force pump Is necessary A practical installa-
tion for the kitchen sink is a combined suction
and force pump which will be found u great Ia
Dor saver for the housewife
Deep-WeII Pumps
Deep-well pumps are heavier and stronger than
those described above. They may be of the lift or
force type and the standard or working head is
always directly the well. The cylinder
should be near (within 10 fee) else below
water level which pumping and drought may Gre
ate. Submergence is the preferable arrange
ment. In all installations the size of the pump
ing cylinder must be determined from the size
depth. and yielding power Of the WE'LL the guam
tity of water required, and the available power
Deep wells and hand Windmill outfits take
small cylinders.
Pumping by means of compressed air Is very
old. but the systems used prior to 1909 required
the air supply to be turned or shut off accord.
Ing to whether or not the water was needed.
DuStu Oll IL pitteut STdHlcu IN Inat year, TWO
cylinder ar-displacement pump submerged in the
water supply and controlled by the opening and
closing of the faucet. was devised. The essen
ia. parts of Installation, besides such a pump.
an air compressor, storage tank. engine or mo-
tor-with air and water pipes and minor attach
ments. The pump operates only when water IL
used. starting whenever faucet Is opened and
continuing until all faucets closed
The CHIEF advantage of ar-displacement pumps
c fiat he taken from rdi innrv daf
or lateral distance, from several sources with
power outfit and delivered direct from the
well to the faucet. The power plant may he
located wherever convenient and as many pumps
may be used as there sources of water. Beth
hard and soft water may be delivered by using
two pumps and the necessary piping systems.
Air-displacemcnt pumps are not adapted Mt pres
ent to lifts much over 125 feet or to wells 'css
than three inches In diameter nor they be
used where more water Is required than the
well can supply within n specified period Air
pipes and air-dsplaccment pumps must be tight
and remain tight in service. and working parts
must be kept In good order
Horsepower Needed.
Water may be raised by hand windmill, hy.
draulic rams steam hot air. gas, internal-ccm-
buston engines, electric motors Hand power
is unsulted TO large supplies high lifts. Wind
mills are probably the most familiar type of me.
chanical power used, and often are arranged tn
start and stop automatically. Gasoline and oil
engines well adapted to farm pumping. AMI
may be equipped to stop at any desired pressure
in supply tank. The of electricity for
pumping is increasing. The method Is clean,
quiet, and convenient, and starting or stopping n
distant pump by throwing a switch may be prac-
tlcal wherever transmission lines sufficiently
near.
The theoretical horsepower needed to raise
water Is found by multiplying the gallons pumped
in one minute by the total lift, in feet. including
friction in both suction and discharge pipes. and
then dividing the product by 1000. The hprse-
power computed. should be multiplied by from
two to four to overcome losses in pumping and
st allow for reserve Of power. Ordinarily
one to two horsepower engines are suffcien: for
farm pumps, but il is always safest to determine
this point by computation.
An advantage to be derived from the well-in-
stalled farm water system often overlooked Is the
benefit it affords in the way Of fire prevention.
With relatively small expenditure, fixtures can be
added to a pipe system which give ready access
to the water supply for fighting flames. In al
most every case fire be easily put out IL
discovered at its early stage. providing there Is
frefghting apparatus near by. and all hanfs.
even the children. taught and drilled to use
such apparatus coolly and skillfuy.