davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

virtually ignored because the sis
tera Anthracite and Bituminous,
along with their cousin, Miss Pc
troleum, have been far more pre-
sentable in their silks and satins.
In consideration Of the possibili-
ties Of a single ton of lignite-com-
mercially treated-distilled into
smokeless briquettes, gas, oils, tars.
dyes, fertilizers, drugs and the a.
most endless variety Of commodi-
ties-it is not difficult to grasp what
some thousand-odd billion tons
could do commercially and econom-
lcally for the United States if util-
ized. All it needs is the Ignite dis
tilling industry which VIII create
new industrial centers, possibly just
as famous as Pittsburgh or Gary,
and incidentally create new million
aires, just as the steel industry
created them. 1t is not without the
bounds of reason to believe that 8
Lignite King Smith" may follow
Steel King Carnegie" or an "Oil
King Rockefeller"
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

through high school. Afterward the
boy became huctster, but still lived
with the dentist. \ woman testified
that she went 20 the dentists Office
one evening ut 8 o'clock and The boy
tried to pull q tooth for her, but the
tooth broke and she began to bleed
The boy told her She would have to
90 away and come back again when
the tooth stopped bleeding.
"She went away, and whom She
came bac'. her jaw was terribly
swollen and she was suffering great
pain. The boy said he couldn't do
anything for her until the swelling
had gone down, but she was in such
pain she had to 90 to another dentist
he treated her and extracted the
piece Of the tooth left in her jaw
and told her to take it back to the
other dentjst and show him what he
had done.
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
FUDGE DANIEL A. DU-
:" GAN, acho called the jury
of 2COnloN

miss anything and to be sure we
were right"
"Do you think from experience
{ hat women juries would be sue
ccss?"
eyes, she replied. "Why not?
Women have just as good minds as
men, and they would be just as
careful not to let themselves be
ruled by sentiment. There has been
so much talk about that that we
made up our minds we would not
let sentiment affect our Judgment.
We might even be so strict that we
would lean backward.
Il think women would make good
jurors in murder cases. OF course
it would be much more complicated
and it would be very firing But |
don't see why women wouldn't make
good jurors for murder trials The
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

with long arguments. But I don't
see why they wouldn't do as we'll al
men. The only difficulty 1 can see
would be over the question OF
fatigue. But in every long and hard
fought trial you will see tho men
jurors nodding and doing in the
jury box, and tho women couldn't do
any worse. And the women couldn't
be any more ridiculous in their de
liberations and their verdcts. The
difficulty would arise over the physi
cal strain, the nervous tension.
That might be injurious to the health
Of women.
"There Is another question Of
mixed juries. Several lawyers have
asked me to try the experiment and
see how it would work. | am going
to take the first opportunity to try
jury Of six men and six women. But
! don't think it would be a good idea
to have 4 husband and wife or the
same jury. They might be too much
inclined to vote alike, or one might
be dominated by the other against
his or her best judgment. Or it
might be that we would start fam
lily quarrel and have a divorce case
grow out Of jury service, and we
don't want to DO that.
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
Three Against Three

"Now, the three brothers all swore
the boy had never been in the
dentists office and had neHcr had q
white coat on in his life. But the
woman positively identified the boy
and other witnesses identified him
and said they had seen him in .
white coat. It Was three against
three, and there was nothing to show
which Of the witnesses we're reliable
They swore to exactly tac opposite
thing about the same question, and
the jury had to decide on their per-
sonal judgment which Of the Wit
nesges 10 believe.
"1 think that is a perfectly ap-
palling situation Suppose it had
been murder trial and u mans life
had depended on which sct Of wit
reases We cfose tn believe.
owe decided against the boy The
witncsaca against him we're very
positive, and they didn't have any
rcason ~ be avainet him unless he
really had been in the office. His
brothers would be for him, of course
They would want to sa~c him, and
they would want to save the brother
rho was Il dentist from having his
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

petroleum production is gorc, never
to be replaced. Every American oil
field. with one exception. is on the
producing down grade. There is one
answer. and that is conservation.
.. Indications are, according to
government Investigators, that The
consumption OF motor fuel-gasoline
will be double the present con-
sumption within the next decade.
3. Approximately half Of Americas
entire production Of petroleum at
present is employed for industrial
making burned to operate
factories, mills and railroad engines.
The remaining half is distilled into
gasoline and used to propel the ever
Increasing numbers Of automobiles
which already clutter American high
ways and thoroughfares.
4. Without fuel oil-either petro-
leum or gasoline-our army and
navy in time Of war would be SO
terribly handicapped as to invite de-
feat. Our merchant marine in time
of peace would suffer And Amer
ica's petroleum supply is dwindling.
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
Not Neglected Abroad

Foreign nations have not neglect
ed their comparatively small Ignite
beds. In 1913 Germany exported
coal tar products to the greatest
ignite nation in the world, which
represented something like s22 .00o.-
600 when they reached the American
consumer. Coal tar product ere
by products of tar, which in turn Is
one Of the by-products of Ignite.
European nations eked out their
scant sugar hoards during the war
with another by-product OF Ignite
tar, the saccharine which sweetened
the coffee In the Paris cafes and res
taurants. Every American abroad
during the war, whether in England,
France, Italy or latterly in Ger
many, knew his saccharine. The
United States has imported annually
for many years millions cf gallons
Of creoso.ing oils which are simple
distilled clements contained in our
own Ignite beds
America S Ignite, however, offers
to the industrial plants now using
so per cent Of the petroleum pro-
duction clean, smokeless hriquettcs
for their furnaces. It offers the
heavier oils for their machinery.
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
Cases She Would Dodge

"There are two kinds of cases I
wouldn't want to try In case
where children were concerned my
sympathies would be all with the
children. | have four of my own,
and | would find it awfully hard to
decide against children. And in a
case where a man was charged with
wronging a woman my sympathies
would be all with the woman"
"Do you think women would make
better jurors in civil than in Grim
inal cases?'
"No. [ don't think they would
make as good jurors in civil cases.
I don't think they would be so likely
to understand long, complicated ques-
tions of figures"
"The two women juries we have
had have been unqualified successes, y
Judge Dugan said, land they have
had the effect Of making men jules
easier to get The men seem to be
a little ashamed of themselves and
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

good impression, either. He was
100 pert and ilippant, He had his
answers 10 every question too pat.
He never hesitatcd and never made
mistake about his answers. He
was smiling at the jury all The time,
end you could see he was trying to
De smart His brother, the dentist.
wasn't that way at all. He hest
tated and contradictcd himself sew
erai times about things that went
Oh ia the Office. We felt sorry for
him. It seemed too bad to bring
in verdict Of guilty and perhaps
hurt his practice that he had worked
50 hard to build up. But, of course,
we had to do it.
How did things go in the jury
room, Mrs. Colby?"
Well, when we got in the jury
room the first thing we did was to
take ballot. had talked to my
friend, who was forcwoman Of the
first woman's jury in Orange, and
she had said that was a good way
to get a starting point. SO. as
was forcwomaA Of this jury, l sug-
gcsted we should begin by taking a
ballot. We all took slips Of paper
and wrote down our vcrdicts, and
we found there were ten for guilty
and two who were doubtful.
"We knew who the two doubtful
ones were. That showed just as
soon rs We began to talk about the
case TO bring them around. They
took the opposite side, Of course.
One Of them was doubtful because
I she didn't like to hurt the dentist
vino had worked 50 hard to send
his brother to school, The other
wasn't sure about which set Of wit.
ncsscs to bclicvc.. 1t wasn't very
long before we were all agreed on
Il verdict cf guilty.
Out Seventeen Minutes
Tho jury vas out seventeen min
utcs.
81 was fearfully tired when I got
honc," said Mrs. Colby. T suppose
that was from concentrating so
hard on the testimony so US not to
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
Situation T. Alarming

Government experts within the
Bureau of Mines view the situation
with considerable alarm. Writing
in recent pamphlet, one Of them
characterized the continued waste
Of petroleum-thc use of it for in
dustry where other fuel might suf-
fice-as IAN inconceivable folly, the
most glaring economic perversion
that this country has ever commit
tcd''-all of which brings US back
to the subject of Cinderella Lig-
mite.
Nearly one-third Of the nation s
coal reserves are Ignite. Billions
Of tons of it lie under peaceful farm
lands over the length and breadth
Of which the agriculturalist feeds
his tractor with 30-cent gasoline, or
thereabouts. Uncle Sans coal re-
serves, still unmined, total some
thing like three and one-half thou
sand billion tons. Lignite is found
at shallow depths at the ratio Of
about one thousand billion tons in
North and South Dakota and north
eastern Montana, about twenty
three billion tons in Texas, more
than seven billion tons in Alaska
and smaller deposits in some West
ern and Southern states.
AS in the case Of Cinderella, these
cnormous lirnlte beds have hccn
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
By Fred B. Pitney

DGt DANIEL y. DU GA \ of
the Essex County District
~ Court, Orange, \. J., has been
trying the experiment. of wom
eu juries. He has used 3 woman
Jury in u civil case and one in a
criminal case. There is one more
experiment tie plans-a mixed jury,
SIX men and six women. But he al
-eady has decided that when the 1921
panel Of jurors is drawn for his
court it shall be half men and half
women.
With few if any exceptions men
beet 70 jury service and VIII 60
10 almost any lengths to escape it.
Equal suffrage now being a fact,
women are imminently threatened,
not only in Judge Duean's court but
all over the country, with periodi-
oally recurrent calls to jury duty.
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

they don't have so many excuses to
offer for not serving. ! think in
Guiding women in the jury lists viii
make the whole business OF jury get
ting much easier. 1t doubles the
number of available jurors, for one
thing.
'Ihe two women juries we have
had have been alert and attentive,
and have decided their cases as they
should have been decided in my
judgment. The first case was a civil
one. The weight of the evidence was
all in favor of the defendant, and
the jury decided for the defendant.
I think they did right. If | had been
called upon to give judgment with
out jury it is the decision I would
have rendered.
4 Marked Success
"There was such marked success
with the frs jury in the civil case
that l decides! to try a woman jury
in criminal case 1t was simple
case. The state prosecuted and the
issue was not complicated. The
question was one of veracity be-
tween two sets Of witnesses. The
courtroom was crowded. Every seat
was taken and there we're even spec
tators inside the rail The de
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
Perjury Inpunisbed

/. seems n ne that that IL
injury, and there ruYht IN be some
s@n'snmert f>r perjury Witnesses
''gnt not N be allowed y, come into
NNT' wth lie all prepared and
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
Eiftv-E ii'ty Next Year

"But there is one thing / have al
ready decided as a result Of having
women juries in two cases. The law
provides for panel Of three hun
dred jurors to be drawn for this
court at the beginning of the year.
When the panel is drawn for next
year l am going to have it made up
of $50 women and 80 men,
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

swear to it and then nothing be done
to them for perjuring Themselves.
"Of course, our case was q simple
one. There was dentist who came
from family of hucksters. There
were three brothers, and the dentist
had taken one of his brothers and
kept him in school, sending him
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

worst part Of it is having to decide
which of two witnesses to believe
when there is nothing but their words
and your personal estimate Of them
tO 90 on.
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

II L THE average American citi-
zen was somewhat credulous
Z Z when jules Verne wrote fanci-
ful fiction about the submarine :;
when Edison began experiments
that showed the kerosene lamp into
he discard by means of the incan-
descent light; when Stephenson, Full
ton, Bell, the Wrishts, Marconi,
Tesla and others made seemingly eX-
travagant claims, he may as well
try this one on his mental pianola;
ut is not beyond the bounds Of
reason to foresee a condition where
by householder, in place Of his ton
OF anthracite which lie now welcomes
for Sl1, viii receive ton of smoke
less coal without slate, months
supply Of cooking gas, forty miles Of
motor fuel, enough fertilizer to start
a small garden, and tar sufficient to
al ay the dust in front OF his house
all for far less money than he now
pays for inferior COAL
Not en- Impossible Picture
In this age Of universal short
ages, high prices and economic
gloom Nh. Average American can
not be ccnsurcd for rising hastily to
remark that there amt no such
bargain" However, we have it di-
rect from the United States Bureau
Of Mines that the picture, though
still a triflc futuristic, is neither
fanciful nor impossible, but incvi-
table.
Right down to the point, the an
swer is Ignite, Of which mineral
Uncle Sam holds the worlds great
est supply thousand billion
odd tons-ready and waiting to be
divided into those parts mentioned
above where it may begin to serve
the American householder and the
nation.
Long years Of government re-
search and experimentation with
Ignite to-day inspires Federal ex-
perts to make statements which may
sound like Jules Verne, on, for that
matter, II. G.. Wells and Edgar Allan
Poe. Please continues:
According to our best experts,
long after such mineral terms as
bituminous and anthracite have
been relegated mainly to the Ency-
clopnda Britannica, Ignite will still
be with US serving the nation. Lig-
mite, according to the experts, is the
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
Not an Unknown

Lignitc is not unknown and is
far from a mystery mineral. 1t is
simply the softest, dustiest, poorest
grade of coal extant, sometimes moro
brown than black, and seemingly Of
a wood texture. When first dug
it is spongy, containing from y to
80 per cent Of water. Once taken
from the ground it's disintegraton
is rapid. Unless loaded into cars
and shipped in zero weather, when
it has the plastic advantage of
freezing, it slacl<s with the evapora-
tion of its moisture and cracks like
dry mud and crumbles into dust. 1t
cannot be safely stored in it's natu-
raj state because it will fire easily
from spontaneous combustion. When
in use as fuel-its only use-it gives
off heavy gaseous smoke and clogs
the furnace with bothertome clink-
ers or useless ash.
If the average householder who is
now in the process of admirlng lig-
mites we'll dressed sisters at $11 and
upward a ton is still inclined to
doubt the possibilities OF the for
mer's future beMefactions. the case
can be made stronger. If he chances
not to need the forty miles Of motor
fuel and would care to dispense with
tarring the road in front of his
house, government experts are ready
to tell him how this oil and tar may
be divided into -byprod-
ucts of byproducts Of lignite-pro-
ducing hundreds of synthetic COM
moditics, including paraffin, acids,
antiseptics, Photographic chemicals,
aniline dyes, perfumes, drugs, pre-
servatives and other things. And
with these products distilled off, the
householder might still retain his ton
of smokeless coal, his months sup
ply Of cooking gas and his garden
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

F"07o N1kNyS1oVh- WNW
THE MEMBERS Of the jury ure from left to rio6t stnnd
mgINS ;1, u.s. D@sy N@uy Nrs Honneh Feu Mrs James
IoFM1ty MRS. Iotf1e Lehedge Mrs. Catherine r fosne,
Mrs. Augusa II. Smith. >ttpq-Nrs ynrrjet Cou"6fr1
MRS. Iot1erne He"niche. Mrs. Addie Soocntho Mrs. SorGI
hora WIS lenNlo lon Ness oMd Mxs. Edith Cozhu
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
Are Now a T act

This raises the questions Of how
women act as jurors, what is their
attitude toward jury duty and do
they make satisfactory jurors. In
other words, women jurors are no
longer a Joke. nor are they freak.
They are on the verge of becoming
a national fact, and as Anglo-Saxon
civilization prices itself on the jury
system in lis scheme Of justice they
are fact Of Importance to The COM
murlty.
The woman jury that sat in
miaa- case in Orange November
- was Of more than average grade.
j 20 1a- he said that it Was hand
l'ose6. In fact, It was hand
r'esel Judge Dugan admits it. The
e.r.' of 200 men Jurors drawn for
a court at The beginning Of the
r rar out-ail the men found ex-
one l.ird or another that got
eu- Of jury woliz. When such
-u--.oa arises Ncv' jersey law
y r.dss that tne judge can select
si.it'ons' .urors fr>m the eligible
members . the community. The
H.re'eer-h amendment had been
latiaet. and Judge Dugaa decided
;a-t the women Of Essex County
should perform the duties as Well as
aaVe -ne privileges Of full citizen
ship. lie ordered the clerk Of the
court 70 make up Jury panel from
iae bet known women Of the
ORANGES and rotifT hem 10 appear
- - =
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
MRS. EVERETT COLBY
4 cs foreman handing the
lu,W'S uerdict to John E.
Gallagher. cLerh Of the court

fendant was put down among the
spectators, and one of the witnesses
came in and picked him out without
hesitation. He was moved to an
other position and q second witness
came in and picked him out. There
was no hesitation over the identifi-
cation. The women brought in a
verdict of guilty in very short
time. have never seen a jury Of
men more attentive or act more
quickly or with better Judgment.
A High Class Jury
"Of course, this was a particu
larly high class jury. They were
picked for that purpose. 1 said we
would get the best available. An
other jury might not be 80 intelli
gent and so quick, but that does not
mean they would be any worse than
men. You ought to see some Of the
men Jurics and hear some of the yer
diets they render. They are abso-
lutely ridiculous. I have thrown out
many verdicts of men juries and or
dered retrials. Sometimes | let
them stand, because it doesn't make
any difference, anyway But men
are often merely ridiculous in their
verdicts.
Il don't know how women would
be. of course, in murder case, or
long-drawn-out and hard-fought civil
case, with every point being fought
for and objections to every question,
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

fertilizer at sin fur.hor reduced
price, sufficient 10 make the average
1920 coal dealer shricll RUM
Suppose, again. that the garden,
and therefore the fertilizer. proved
impracticable, the chemi-
cally known as ammonium sulphatc
might readily fnd market in
Uncle Sans laboratories, because it
contains valuable Ingredients Of
powerful explosives fer war pur-
poses. And again tho householder
might profit.
But where Cinderella Lignite real
ly win marry the prince is not so
much in a neighnorhood of house
holders as in the commercial future
and prosperity Of the United States
as a nation.
It's Commercial Possibilities
"the possibilities of ignite when
"distillcd'-the Utilization of each
element contained in the homcly,
soggy, unstable mass, now spurned
on every side in both domestic and
commercial life-are so many and
varied as to amount almost to eco
nomic romance. Aside from smoke
less briquettes, far better fuel than
the average coal, gas TO the tune Of
10000 cubic feet ton; oils which
will take the place Of many grades
Of expensive mineral products now
iii use, tars which can make every
American road like the highways Of
Europe. dyes which viii make us
independent of European export
volatile fuels which operate motor
power, drugs in common use every
where, commodities 50 varied that
enumeration becomes volumnous.
Ignite distillation is the salvation of
Americas rapidly dwindling petrole-
UNI supply, on which cur economic
future depends.
Without petroleum and its dis
titled product--gasoline-the United
States becomes vassal nation sub
servicnt to those nations who have
conserved their supply Of this liquid
gold that flows from the earth And
America is burning the petroleum
candle from both ends, while she
should be saving her petroleum for
a rainy day.
Here are some vital points in the
petroleum situation:
l. About half of Americas entire
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
IlSnite May Be the Solution OF the Oil Problem

commercial and economic future of
the United States of America all
wrapped into one parcel-in peace
and in war
Ignite is the Cinderella Of the
coal family. The naughty be-silked
and be-satincd sisters arc anthra-
cite and bituninous. They are hay
ing their fling Just now, but it is
just as inevitable that Cinderella
Lignite will win in the end as it was
for the real Cinderella to marry the
,,,.i ,,nn
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05
Nc i.xc.lses offered

-e ' slrpr.-e f1e iUdvo had
'ss ,aat all the women appeared
IL -,rart.y IN answer ., The eunmons
al A9,e .Tese3 an eseuse to es-
e-1e serving. T. was Only at the
'ss- raemert nat Ms. Thomas A.
-.z,a lad 10 forego the pleasure
teealse Of Tire illness Of her hus-
taad. arl told tae ud9c row sorry
s-s was 70 miss the experience. Mrs.
-Tsre>t Colby, who was fcrewoman
81 tae .ss. woalan lray in Orange,
,ais:
We women talked It over and
dee:ee4 lat as We had fought %
hard ~ tae vote We ought not to
'a.ec. to doing everything that full
c..izenznip calls or, and We would
60 jury duty without complaint
~nen we were called on"
IT vas very interesting ex-
}erierce," ahe continued. at was
ne hrst time had c9cr had the op-
NTlnlty q watching the operations
q court, and there we're lots Of
questions We q wanted 10 ssz, but,
.. course, 7'e didn't do it.. It didn't
zen = though it would be right
. taze Up the tine Of the court
III. nay.
here WA one thing that seemed
fe''ectly appalling TO me. 1t vas
"Aen t~o witnes4es swore to exact
y sae ,pposite thing on the same
D1as. TIE jury had to decide De
.~esn them ~ - which was tell
~ 'ne truth, and We had nothing
al - ~ upon. We knew moth
aboD< their history or what kind
y people they we're, and yet we
al " say that one oY them was
me s-1 one Ting the truth. OF
1'1fze, one ~ them was lying. But
- was allowed N come into court
80 s~ear N a lie that he knew was
IL, and the Jury decidcd aVainst
nm decidcd that he war lying, and
~ "as allowed tn n without any
t]IIr f<cfr.> I,,o
New-York tribune., 1920-12-05

practice ruined. But it is terrible
hing that those men could 20 into
'ourt and swear to something that
wasn't true and nothing be done ia
them for it,
Witness Too Flirpan,
The boy didn't make very