davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09

and to maintain them? Any one who
has visited the bison in our national
reservations will agree that if they
were maintained in a semi-domestl-
Gated state they could be treated In
the same manner as range cattle, pro-
vided they were inclosed. The cost
of building suitable fencing might
prove an obstacle in many cases, put
it should not prove insuperable, IN
view of the high price of beef. AS a
beef animal the value of the bison Is
well worth the careful consideration
Of our agricultural authorities. In al
dition it provides q robe OF proven
value in more northerly states anu
provinces. Not the least of the al
vantages of the bison over domestic
cattle is their ability TO rustic ZOE
themselves in winter and under Gil
|.matic conditions which prove a hard
ship to our introduced cattle.
OF course the plains Indians prac-
tically lived off the buffalo; the amman
was food. clothing and shelter to them.
But the crime of the wantOn destruc-
ton of the buffalo lies at the door OF
the white man. Why, the passengers
used to empty their rifles into the
herds as the trains sped over the
plains. Thousands of animals were
killed simply for the tongue, says MT.
Hewitt in this connection.
'sWith the coming of the railroads
49, vUoc@ ond on fOPrp0Cpn
demand for buffalo robes, the BUTCH
ery of the still hunt began. Other
methods were too slow for the COM
mercial hunter who must Kill nun
dreds of bison in order to realize on
pelts worth but from So cents to 81
apiece. The still hunter approached
the herd to within 100 to 25O yards ana
proceeded with great deliberation TO
shoot down the animals without.
stampeding them. Their leader, usual
" the oldest cow, was first disposed
of. and then the others slaughtered
one by one. One or two shots a min
ute could be fired, and with good luck
hundred bison killed from one
stand so that one hunter was able
TO account for from 1000 to 5000 head
q season.
ssThe miles of bones eventually gave
rise to a traffic which became remun-
erative as there grew up a. demand
for phosphate for fertilizers and bone
black for refining sugar. In 1874 the
SAINT Fe railroad alone shipped near
ly 100000 pounds Of bones, which
brought as much as SIS Ton crushed.
"Time will not efface the trace OF
the bison's occupation of the CONT
nent," Mr.. Hewitt says. "They blazed
the trails that later became important
highways. The bison selected. the
route through the Alleghenies by
which the white man entered and
took possession of the Mississippi
valley. They found the best routes
across the continent, and human In
tercourse will move constantly in
paths first marked by the buffalo. II
is interesting that the bison found the
strategic passageways through the
mountains, marked out the most
practical paths between the heads OF
our rivers paths that are closely rol-
lowed today by the Pennsylvania, Bal
timore & Ohio, Chesapeake q ohios
Wabash and other great railroads"
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09

North and South Saskatchewan, but
they were surrounded and attacked
from all sides until all were killed.
Hornaday computes that the number
of animals slaughtered annually by
the Northwest Indians must have been
375,000. Only struggling bands were
left. On the basis of. all available data,
Hornaday estimated that the number
running wild and unprotected was 635.
IL 1889 there were 256 buffalo in cap
tivity, 200 under protection in Yellow
stone Park and 635 running wild (of
which number $50 were estimated to
be in the Athabaska region of the
Canadian Northwest Territories)-
total of LODI.
An attempt was then made by the
United States to protect the remnant.
BY 1908, according to census, the num-
Der had increased to 1,753 head, main
ly confined in American reservations
and parks. In 1917 the Canadian gov
eminent purchased a herd of 700 head
owned by Michael Pablo of Montana,
and special national park was pro-
vided for the herd at Wainwright, Al
berta. By 1918 this herd had in
creased to 3,711 head. The number
of captive bison in the United States
in 1919 was 3,048 head, and there were
about 70 head running wild, making
a total of 3,11S. Counting the Canadi-
an protected herds at 3,711, and add
ing 500 wild bison in the Athabaska
region, where they are now protected,
and 40 in public and private parks,
the total in Canada at the beginning
of 1919 was $3.50 animals. So there
are approximately 1850 bison in the
United States and Canada, compared
with 1,O91 in 1889, showing that they
are coming back.
In fact, it seems to be certain that
the buffalo is coming back. For ex-
ample, there are two herds in Yellow
stone National park-a wild herd and
a "tame' herd-and both are increas-
ing. There are known to be at least
90 animals in the wild herd. The tame
herd now (1919) numbers Alb animals,
the increase of a herd Of 81 establish
ed in 1902.
The calves of the 1919 season num-
bered 90. In fact, Mr.. Hewitt is so
certain that the buffalo is coming back
that he discusses the problem of what
to do with the surplus when it be-
comes a fact. He says:
"The rapid increase of the bison in
our national reservations raises the
question as to what we shall do with
our Surplus. In the Buffalo Park at
Wainwright, Alberta, this question is
becoming a serious one, as they will
soon occupy as much range as is cap
able of sustaining them.
.aThe natural answer to this ques-
ton is to create additional reserva-
tons, which policy undoubtedly will
be followed, particularly in the United
States. where much additional range
suitable for bison, but less suitable
for agricultural purposes, is available.
In addition provision is being made
for the donation of surplus animals
to municipalities, public organizations
and institutions.
"But cannot we go step further
and consider the desirability of en-
couraging farmers to purchase sur
plus animals from the government
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09

do so because they knew his wife and
baby lived ON board the train.
On several occasions when the Bu-
denny special was located by the Amer
leans they knew pretty well that the
cavalry commander was at his travel
ing home for visit with his wife and
youngster, but they always let pass the
chance to do him or his train any
damage.
II was reported some time ago that
Budenny had been wounded by a bomb
dropped by one of the American flyers
While he was engaged in one Of his
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09


covered the continent, there were put
1,O91 head alive in 1889. Now there
are 1850 in the United States ana
Canada.
Efforts of the American and Canadl-
an governments to save the bison
which was slaughtered almost to the
point of extermination-are described
by G. Gordon Hewitt in Natural His
tory, the official magazine of the mu-
scum of that name. Mr.. Hewitt is
actively engaged in the salvage, as
consulting geologist to the Ottawa
Commission Of Conservation. He says
the manner in which the total loss
of this magnificent animal has been
prevented should fill with hope and
confidence all who are trying to con-
serve wild life.
There were literally myriads OF
buffalo in the old days and their haD-
itat originally covered nearly all OF the
North American continent. Even as
late as 1871 there was seen migrating
across the plains wedge-shaped herd
on a 25-mile front with a depth OF oO
miles; such a drove could contain no
fewer than 100000 head.
DR.. William T. Hornaday, director
of the New York Geological park, says
in a pamphlet that the. original range
started almost at tide water on the
Atlantic coast, extended westward
through dense forest, across the Al
legheny mountain system to the MIS-
sissippi prairies, and southwark to
the delta. Although the plains coun-
try of the West was the home of the
species, where it fiourished most
abundantly, it wandered south toward
Texas. westward across the Rocky
Mountains into New Mexico, Utah and
Idaho. and northward across a vast
treeless waste to the inhospitable
shores of the Great Slave Lake. The
vast herds seemed to clothe the prair-
les with a coat of brown.
George Catlin, in a book in 1887,
said from 10000 to 100000 robes were
marketed annually, which meant the
slaughter Of from 100000 to 3,OOO,-
600 bison. About the same time Ere
mont bore witness to the appalling de-
struction.
The death knell of the bison was
struck when Union Pacific construc-
ton began in 1866. Previously the
difficulties Of marketing served as a
slight check on the rate of extermina-
ton. This railroad divided the orig
inal body into southern and northern
herds. Hornaday estimates that in
1871 the southern herd contained g..
100000 animals, though most estimates
give higher total. Between 1871 and
1875 the great southern herd was
wiped out Of existence.
Final slaughter Of the northern herd
was inaugurated by the opening OF
the Northern Pacific in 1880, when the
half-breeds of Manitoba, the Plains
Cree of Qu'Appelle and the Blackfeet
of South Saskatchewan swept bare
a great belt Of country stretching east
and west between the Rocky Noun
tains and Manitoba. A few thousand
remained in the country around the
headwaters of Battle River, between
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09

the subway at Forty-second street
during the rush hour, according to the
report of a Y. w. G. A. secretary, sta
toned in Canton, China. "When a
passenger wishes to get of. the
steamboat" writes this Y. w. G. A.
secretary, "a shrill whistle is blown to
summon a small boat to carry her to
shore. Then a man carrying long
bamboo pole with hook on its end
climbs out on little ledge on the
side Of the steamboat, ready to catch
hold Of the boat as 1t passes by. The
steamboat slackens its speed but
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09

spectacular raids on the southern Pol
ish front before the armistice was de-
clared.
1t was also said he had taken up
arms against the Reds, and that he
might join forces with Wrangel.
General Budenny is a Kuban Cos
sac,- and was a sergeant major in the
old imperial Russian army. He has
been seen many times from the air by
Americans, and is described as short,
stocky man, with an intelligent cOun-
tenance despite the wild outdoor life
be has led for years.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09
Forest Fires

Forest fires in mountainous coun-
try are found to be much more num-
erous and destructive on south
slopes than on north, according to
the findings of government investi-
gator who has made an extensive
study of the subject. While the diff
ference is not marked at the height
of the fire season. the early and late
fires favor the sunny side so strongly
as to have a decided effect upon the
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09
III v T.
S STOCK
PuREBRED STALLION is BEST
Poor Policy to Use Anything but
Sound Animal, Free From ManNest
Faults of Conformation.

A low service fee never shouid
tempt one to use an inferior stallion.
1t also may pay better to use star
lion which stands at some distance
rather than one that is more conve-
nient. While the cost of a stallion
is not always in proportion to MS
worth as a sire. the service fee gen.
orally is, if the horse has been stand
ing long enough for mare owners to
be able to pass judgment on his pre-,
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09
The Vatican.

The Vatican, Tie palace Of the pope
in Rome and one of the largest In the
world, contains a valuable collection
of works of art, and is one of the
chief attractions Of the city. 1t is a
storehouse of literary treasures and
documents of interest bearing on the
history of the Middle ages.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09
TO MAKE A HOLE IN GLASS.

To make a hole in glass make
circle of clay or cement rather larger
than the intended hole; pour some
kerosene into the cup thus formed,
ignite it, place the plate upon a mod
erately hard support, and with stick
rather smaller than the hole required
and a hammer strike rather sharp
blow. This will leave rough-edged
hole, which may be smoothed with
file. Cold water is said to answer even
better than a blow.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09
MINERAL MIXTURE FOR HOGS
Some Farmers Prepare Corn Cobs.
Bone and MISREPRESENTATION
Good Preparation.

Some farmers prepare mineral mix.
lures for their hogs by using burnt
corn cobs, burnt bone and ground lime
stone, which is all right, but frequent
ly it is overlooked. A good home
made mineral mixture for hogs is as
follows: Three bushels charcoal, two
quarts air-slaked lime, eight pounds
salt and one bushel wood ashes.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09
MIGHT HAVE SLAIN BUDENNY
American Flyers Spared Bolshevik
Leader Because of the Presence
of His Wife and Baby.

Warsaw.-American flyers compos-
ing the Kosciusko squadron of the Pol
ish army have had many opportunities
10 bomb the train OF six cars which
General Budenny, the Bolsheyik cav
airy leader used as headquarters at
the front, but they always refused to
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09
Stepping Lively
in the Orient

The familiar "step lively" Of the
subway conductor and policeman,
which hastens the movement of cos
mopolitan life, is not escaped today
even in the Orient. One needs TO
watch her. step, when travelling by
steamboat up languid oriental stream
Just as carefully as when boarding
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09

average figures for period of years.
The explanation offered is that the
growth of underbrush is much heavier
on the south side, encouraging the
spread of fire, while the north slopes
hold more moisture.-Popular Me-
chanics Magazine,
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09
Making 200 Pound Hogs.

If you want to use blue grass as a
pasture and feed corn and tankage to
make 200-pound pigs in the least time,
with the least labor and at the lowest
cost, look to the self-feeder for the
inspiration and he means.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09
PractIce Charity.

We ought In humanity no more to
despise man for the misfortunes of
the mind thaa for those OF the body.
when they are such as he cannot help
Pope.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09
Only 1901 head survived
in 1889. Non they have
increased to 1850 in
United States and Canada
s ndCanddd

HE American bison-bufta-
lois now safe from ex-
tinction, the scientists an
nounce. What's more,
the buffalo is coming
back. Maybe our chill
dren's children will have
buffalo robes and buffalo
skin coats as our fathers
did. Anyway, of the myr-
lads of this splendid big
,,o1Uo OnoQ
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09
Expensive Shelter Unnecessary.

Hogs do not require an expensive
shelter, but they do require good VEN
tilation, reasonable warmth and plenty
of good dry bedding. The shelter
should be located on well drained
ground.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09

The National Farmers union has
sent to its locals throughout the coun-
try call for a producers strike to
combat the falling prices of farm prod
ucts. All farmers are appealed to to
hold this years products from the
markets until "profit-making levels"
are restored. The strike is not COM
pulsory.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09

very little and passengers need to
step lively into the rowboat or they
will be left behind. Baggage Is
tossed in after them"
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09

yenizelos, premier of Greece, was
badly defeated in the elections and has
resigned and taken refuge in France.
Admiral Coundouriotis, the regent.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09

Certain German officials have told
Berlin correspondent that Germany
would not now accept membership in
the league if it were offered; that she
now contemplates demanding new
peace conference, or at least an inter-
probation and revision of the existing
treaty favorable to her claims. Berlin
holds that definite sum for repara-
lions must be fixed, and feels that the
coal delivery demands are too severe
and are The sole cause for unemploy-
ment and labor disturbances in Ger
many. The Germans also hope that
the Danzig corridor will be restored to
them, and that they win be given some
colonial manufactures.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1920-12-09

President Elect Harding, after brief
visits in Brownsville, Tex, and New
Orleans, sailed for the Cnnal Zone.
Mr.. Harding had let the Mexicans
know that he could not go to Mexico
City for the Inauguration of General
Obregon, but there was talk Of his
stopping at Vera Cruz for a talk with
the general.
The Washington herald., 1920-10-09
A STARTLING REQUEST.

"Damn the luck!" muttered Larry.
as he slid into his motor coat. why
couldn't burglar have chosen
warmer night, or at least not waited
until I'd put the car up? I'll bet
a dollar it's only the cat at that.
where's my cap?"
'In your hand" said Alison
amusedly. BE careful not to so
near your mother. She can't fail to
see that you've been drinking.
"Oh, she's without sight or smell
where booze is concerned" he re-
turned carelessly.' Thanks for re-
minding me-IlI have another
He went into the dining room
again. Alison shrugged.
For the second time, the phone
rang sharply.
TELL Larry to hurry" cried Jane,
her voice ragged with nerves, i
think the burglar has gotten
through the side door. We're all
cooped up in Myra's room. She has
a revolver" she said loudly, ano
added in a sibilant whisper, m
Just saying that for effect in case
the burglar Is already in the house
and can hear. We haven't the sign
of a weapon. Has Larry left get?
Yes" lied Alison with the in
tent to soothe. With her free hand
she waved Larry, who had returned
to the living room, imperatively to-
ward the front door. He left sew
eral minutes ago. He should be
there any minute now"
We're awfully frightened" i'd
sisted Jane. Myra, wants to phone
for the police, but Alice is afraid
it will get in the papers II we dc
that. l do hope Larry isn't lonG
coming"
He will be there right away
comforted Alison.
Placing her hand over the mouth
piece, she turned fiercely to Larry
You fool. what are you waiting
for? Can't you see your family are
crazy? Are you a coward?
He drew himself up at that and
grinning rather foolishly, went out
the front door with a mocking wave
Of his hand.
ANY minute now, Larry will be
there" Alison spoke again into the
transmitter. but there was no reply
She tangled the receiver on the
hook ahXiously.
CentraFs voice, a sleepy Mum
| Der. please" answered her.
You've cut me off. Central.
was talking and you disconnected.
, There were a series of metallic
clicks. and a montonous ouzzing
| thrice repeated.
You aren't cut off," reported Cen
I trial, "the party you were talking
to still has the wire"
They don't answer" declared Al
ison.
Their receivers down, all right
and I can't ring them" replied Cen
tral.
Sudden fear assailed Alison.
seemed incredible that the receive
should be left dangling in the roor
where four women were intrenche
against a midnight prowler, unles
something had occurred to max
The Washington herald., 1920-10-09
What S in a Name?
BY Mildred Marshall.
REGINA.

The queen of Heaven. Maria, has
votaries called by the Italians
Regina or Reina. Reina was found
more frequently in Florence. In
France, Regina became Refine and
Reinette. the former also being a
faVorite in Germany. All, of course,
are translated to mean queen.
The natural conclusion would be
that the name Regina is merely the
Latin word for queen given a capt
taliZed initial letter, but another ex-
PLANTATION of its origin, and one most
generally accepted, is that IL is one
of the many masculine and feminine
names, derived from Ragnar. which,
in turn, is evolved from the Latin
rego, meaning to rule. If such is
the case, IL has a history as full
of adventure as an Arabian Nights
and is indeed an heroic name for a
woman to bear.
The first Ragnar was that hardy
soul who, after ravaging France
was put to death in England
whereupon his fierce sons in re-
venge swept England with merci-
| less devastation. His name there
| fore became a dread one and in
some manner was changed to Rene
At once Renee became popular as q
| feminine name since the younger
daughter of Louis XII of France
bore II. When she married into tht
House of Este her name wa:
changed to Renata, a form which i:
very pleasing to the Spanish anc
italian. The old Dutch form
Renira, is quaint aud quite pretty
The Teutonic influence is self evi
dent in Reigl and Regl.
The aquamarine is Regina's jewel
Much superstition centers abou
this stone and it has therapeutic
value, since by its paling color. i
gives evidence OF the bodily weak
ening of its wearer. II is even hell
that its own color will stain tn
flesh against which it is worn a
indication of some physical de
rangement. Thursday is Regina
fortunate day and her 1ucky mum
ber. The violet is herf flower.
Copyright. 1890. by Wheeler Syndicate, Inc.
The Washington herald., 1920-10-09
The Head Nurse
Saus:
CHANGE YOUR MOOD.

As you find yourself growing
more depressed and blue, whether
for known cause or just be
cause" and your impulse is to hold
on to the mood and wallow in the
Slough of Despond" and enjoy a
long spell of misery, just remember
that your face is becoming lined
and your character weakened and
that sooner or later it is bound TO
show.
Snap out of it. Snap" is just the
right word. II is thing which
most Of US lack courage to do grad
ually, but we can snap" out. Pull
UP your shoulders with snap. Pull
in the chin with the same quick
movement It is like the switchman
at the rails preparing for the on
! coming train. II the proper connec-
tions are made the train of thought
! rushcs by to its proper destination
One of the best things to do to
' change a mood is to change your
, clothes. Take a warm tub followed
by a cold shower and put on ar
entire change of clothing. Make
| yourself as beautiful as you can
| Resolutely put your mind to some
thing else. If there is piece oi
manual work that you can do, &C
! to it-something that will require
! considerable effort.
| Aside from the effect on your
own physical self, do you realizt
| lust what havoc these spells" WORK
| in your home and place Of bust
| ness? There are always others neal
YOU who have troubles and are
probably putting up brave front
| The sight of your woebegone coun
| tenance is just the last straw FOL
them, and in spite of good resolu
| tions they slump.
| Psychologically speaking. wher
one idea fills the mind it is only b!
| pure will that we can bid th'
thought forces be still an instsn
! while new idea is put before thu
mind for it's absorption. A physica
! change like the cold plunge, hare
| work, or change Of clothes, give:
! us the unoccupied instant in which
| to will a change of thought"
| Copyright, 1920, by The NC syndicate.)
The Washington herald., 1920-10-09
Facts Fiction Fashions and Features OF Interest to Wome
The Marriage Mill Z $::: Mr.. ':;':s

II impossible for, them to restore 1T.
Keep ringing, Central" she
urged, there's trouble at that
number. Switch me onto police
headquarters"
IL was a matter of a few moments
unui she had her number and made
the request that assistance be sent
TO the Osborne residence. She was
assured that help would be forth
coming Immediately.
She hung up. the receiver and sat
down again before the fire, every
nerve alert for the phone bell or
Larrys step on the stair.
Finally it came-the snriIling OF
the phone. Alison spranS to the
Ireceiver.
.This Is police headquarters" said
deep voice with a suggestion of
brogue. We've got a guy down
mere what Mulligar says was trying
to get In No. 219' 9'Aaplewood avenue.
He's drunk. but he says he's Law
renee Osborne and, he lives there.
Kin you come down and identify
him?"
CTo Be Continued Mondsy.)