davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
DISPUTES Are Referred to a Sen.
ate and House and, Finally, ).
to Cabinet

always provides that there shall be
no change in the method Of figuring
dividends during the first year OF op-
GRAFTON, and after that only with the
consent Of the house and senate as
we'll as the cabinet.
There is the further question OF
the calculation Of dividends when
costs are rising. In this situation
it is the relative saving in cost of
production that iy figured. Assume
that wages, materials and other
items of primary cost have gone up
so per cent over former period, but
that on account Of improved
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
Both Employer and Employee
Are Consulted i'm Plan Now
Being Tried Out

ment. The three bodies are the
house OF representatives, the senate
and the cabinet.
The house of representatives is
composed Of representatives of the
workers elected by secret ballot. No
foreman or executive can be MEM
ber Of it. The senate comprises
foremen and factory superintend-
ents and the cabinet is the execu-
tive officers of the company. Once
a month there is mass meeting of
the entire personnel, and no man
can be made to suffer in any way for
anything that may be said in the
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
What 1t Is

Industrial democracy is plan Of
3Rctory management founded on the
Auare deal and worked out on the
lines of the American government.
The general idea is cooperation be-
tween employer and employee. The
endeavor is to get the employee in
terested in turning out better goods
and more Of them and the employer
interested in making his men happy
and contented on the job, while the
Increased profits are divided equally
Aets<>en employer and employee.
S-Sry employer Of score or more
If men is familiar with the constant
succession Of minor problems that
,ome into shop management. He
knows the petty personal jealousies,
the feeling that justice is not even
handed, that work is not evenly dis
tributed, that some men are doing
less than their fellows, that some
are being paid more for less work.
He knows the difficulty of putting
In improved method into operation
and the suspicion, often justified,
with which the foreman is regarded
and how that suspicion is intensified
upward through the hierarchy OF
management. He knows that every
workman feels he could give the
foreman pointers.
Industrial democracy begins by
providing forum where every in
Aividual workman can put his COM
nlaints Of whatever character into
words and have them judged and
passed ups by his fellow workmen
WITH the assurance that they will be
acted upon in accordance with the
Judgment of his fellows. The fore
saen and superintendent and man
aaary and employers have the same
|, avtlege. No man, in any position,
:an get away with an injustice with
,ut being called to account for it.
Three bodies are constituted that
nave in their hands the management
4 the plant. This does not mean
hat the three bodies have anything
o do with selling the product or fix
ne prices. Their business is solely
- DEoductisyS factory manage
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08

methods production costs have gone
Up only so per cent. Then there
has been relative saving, and divi-
dends are figured on that basis.
In the case OF the piano company
mentioned, after thirty days of
operation under industrial democ
racy there was found to be saving
of 67a per cent in production costs,
which was promptly paid as a divi-
dend, $3.50, to the company and the
workers. They ran along several
months after that with an average
of 5 per cent, and then the dividend
was raised to per cent. Another
company began with IL per cent
dividend at the end Of a month and
has since touched 171A per cent. A
foundry that installed the plan paid
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
The Two Failures

It has been noted that this syy
TEN has failed in only two plants IN
which 1t has been installed. In beth
cases it has not been the workers
who have failed, but the executives.
The system was installed in face Of
strike threats, and for time the ex4
ecutives carried out their part d
the mutual pledge of a square deal
but as time went by, lulled by an sr
parent sense Of security, they began
to disregard, first in little thinys
and then in larger ones, the prin-
ciples of the system. They inter
fered with the orderly workings scf
the machinery Of democracy and w
tie by little began to suspend n
functions. They opposed the calliss
OF mass meetings; they pigeonhded
bills of the house and the senate, IN.
til gradually these bodies found thai
1t was useless to meet. The attend
ance dropped off, and finally tie!
quit their sessions altogether, and ia.
dustrial democracy died lingering
death. At last accounts the condi.
ton Of these companies was wyrss
than ever before, because the WORK
ers who remained had lost all faith
In the integrity of the owners.
A factory owner who had install6t
industrial democracy in his plane
writing to another who sought s
vice, said: This plan, Of ccur1
will have to be fitted to each oreai
zstion, depending on local conditis
but 1t is first necessary that a.
sofficers Of an organization talN
very broad view and be willing
listen open-mindedly to every
Ject brought up; then, after . PR
ise is made, never break It,
THE writer has been thorou1
in touch with this plan for &
years, and 10 fully acquainted
its operations and can asmfe
that if it 10. properly handed
yor and your men ars bound y
q great deal Of benefit 4
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08

creased its business "a per cent I.
ten months. A textile manufactn,.-
increased production one-third wit;
in a year and at the same fin.
eliminated all overtime and sun
day work and cut the day from 70,
to nine hours.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
Headed OFF a Strike

Arises the question Of strikes. :,
dustrial democracy was installed !,
one plant for the specific reason th..
strike was threatened. The me,
had stated that they would pres.n,
their demands on Tuesday .,s
would strike unless the dernps,
were granted Immediately. P~
some reason there was a de|av !,
presenting the demands, and on F.;
day the men were called together tn
hear the plans for installing the svs.
tenn OF Industrial democracy. Thev
were sufficiently interested in n.
talk Of a square deal, wage dividenax
on cost savings and the right to suc
gest and install better working COZ
ditions to again defer presenting
their own list Of demands. and
week later voted unanimously fe,
industrial democracy instead Of .
strike.
That is one example Of the W.,
the plan works with the primary
strike. Beyond that it can be added
that there has never been a strike IN
a plant operating under this system
The reason is simple. The worker,
have the right and the power to set.
tie their own grievances.
For the sympathetic strike: IA
September, 1915, the Garment Max.
ers' Union decided to unionize Cleye.
land, and to start with a shop in
which industrial democracy was in
operation The employees heard 0,
the purpose through the newspapers
and the senate and the house passed
a resolution, afterward ratified BY
the general mass meeting, which
said:
Resolved, That the action of the
company in giving US for the last
two years full authority to change
any and all working conditions in
our plant is fully appreciated by ths
whole body of employees, numbering
about one thousand persons; and
it is
Resolved. That we, the employees
hereby express our strong disap
proval Of the action taken by an out.
side organization as shown by tbs
proposed demand referred to in this
newspaper article; and, be it furthe.
RESOLVED, That we tender to cur
company our most earnest and sin.
cere support for the present mos.
talr methods Of conducting the bus!:
ness. -
"If we knew any stronger Ian.
guage of expressing our full saith.
faction we would use it."
At 2 metal working plant in Fon
wayne mass meeting Of the en-
ployees voted against a closed shop
on the principle that they did not
think it just to force any man ont
because he did not have a union
card. A majority at the meeting
we're union members. The shop did
not have strike, but strikes wess
called in every ether shop in the city
Which did not close to non-union
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
By Fred B. Pitney

a SCHEME that would do
"A away with the sympathetic
strike would be as well
come to the general pub
lie as tho flowers in May. A scheme
that would do away with the primary
strike would strain credulity. But
add to these a scheme that recog-
nizes the public as having an interest
In the wages of labor, costs Of pro-
duction, return to capital and the
ultimate price to the consumer, and
heaven itself is just around the
corner.
There is such a scheme. 1t is
called industrial democracy, and it's
proponent is John Leitch.
In Successful Operation
To bring the scheme down out of
the clouds: Mr.. Leitch has put it
into successful operation in forty
seven factories and industrial plants,
while it has failed in only two cases
and in one case he has refused to
put Il in because Of foredoomed fail
ure. Many other plants have adopted
the idea and put it into operation
Independently. It Is not copyrighted.
The appeal Of the scheme is prac-
tcal, for both the employer and tlc
worker. For the employer it means
lower production costs with better
quality Of output and more profits.
For the worker it means better
working conditions, voice in the
management and more pay.
That is as far as the scheme has
yet got in practical application. This
public is 30 far only an indirec;
gamer. The consumer is not yet
taken in as an equal partner with
capital and labor. The division of
increased profits is $3.50 between
capital and labor, with the consumer
as the victim Of the combination in
the good old. fashion, but the hope
is held out that as a practical propo-
sition capital and labor will one day
see the advisability Of cutting prices
to increase sales and making the di-
vision, capital one-third, labor one
third, public one-third.
OF course, that is crossing the
boundary into Utopia, and that is
the criticism that usually comes with
the first look into the scheme-that
it is a Socialistic Utopia.
II won't turn my business over TO
my employees to rum" says the en-
ployer.
In this place there is going to be
no examination into that aspect of
the plan. There is going to be no ar
gument for or against it; no attempt
to show that it is or is not Socialistic
or Utopian. 1t is merely to be ex-
planned az one Of the propositions
offered to bring capital and labor
into agreement and some evidence
presented as to the way it works in
practice.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
llstral Democracy as Solution of the Labor Proble

better to show the kind Of things
the men do in their meetings after
they have had little experience
and the actual cash results obtained
Fewer Men, More Work
In piano factory running on the
piecework system n gang of six
men decided they would do the same
work with five men. Another place
was found for the extra man and
the cost for that job was cut. The
sounding boards were made by hand
and seven boards were considered q
good ten hours work. Under the
new system the men devised a ma
chine to make the sounding boards.
and with It one man could mike
in eight hours sixteen boards of
better and more even quality than
the handmade ones.
The original trouble in the fac
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08

TEE UPPER Of the tsyo pictures shows session of the
House Of Representatives and the lover meeting of
the Senote of the employees of the Path@ Freres Phoo
graph Company achere mdstrial Deocrucy has been
formed At the left is John Leitch originator of plan
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08

learn now. If we keep on printing
in different languages the people
will not learn to speak English. We
ought to print in one language only
English"
Made 1t a s'Law''
They resolved that all former
should give instructions in English
and only in English, and they asked
the company to provide classes for
teaching English. They were de-
termined that no workmen's diyi-
dends were going to be lost in that
place just because some of the peo-
pie could not understand what was
going on. d,
A group Of workmen in a pipe
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
Dividends Are Guarded

The worker also has to be con.
vinced thai his dividends are not to
be juggled with by the management
that is to say, that after the
worker has effected g saving in pro-
duetion costs the management will
not gobble the whole thing by chang
ing the basis Of comparison for the
computation Of dividends. Hence.
one Of the paragraphs in the con-
stltution Of an industrial democracy
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08

worker. He must see results in his
pay envelope every time It comes
around or he will not believe he is
getting any substantial benefit.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16

considerable saving of time will be ef-
fected by the present arrangement.
A number of the frame buildings of
the old detention camp on Republican
flats, where thousands of soldiers were
held for two weeks on first reporting
for service, have been repaired and
made available for the use of the
guards.
All details for the two weeks en-
campment have been worked out in
conference. between officers of the
regulars and the national guards.
Major Dunkel of the adjutant gem
erals office at Topeka has been at
Camp Funston since August IL with
a detail of thirty men, who have been
engaged in preparing the camp site
for occupancy.
A good schedule has been arranged
for the instruction which includes
close order drills. guard mount, physi-
cal drills. range firing, bayonet work.
inspections, hikes and maneuvers and
field problems. some of which are to
be worked out in conjunction with the
various units of regular now stationed
on the reservation.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
FOURTH is IN CAMP
Kansas Guardsmen Today Be-
gin Annual Encampment.
Pawnee Flats No Longer Avail
able-Was Historic Site.

Junction City. Kan, AHlg. 16.-Units
OF the Kansas National Guard began
arriving at Fort Riley Sunday morn
ing and by evening all of the Fourth
infantry and the cavalry squadron
were encamped on Republican flats,
north of this city, ready to begin on
the annual two weeks intensive train
ing. The signal troops are stationed
at Camp Funston with the Seventh di-
vision signal corps
Pawnee Flats, the site of the ma
tionaf guard camps for many years. is
no longer available. During the war
a detention camp was built there and
now permanent buildings-two and
three-room houses with screened
in-porches have been given over to
married soldiers and their families
from Camp Funston
Republican flats, the new camp
site, adjoins the target range where
the Kansas guardsmen have their rifle
practice each year. During former
encampments units of the guards
broke camp on PaWnee flats. made a
long hike to the target range and
slept in shelter tents where they were
practicinE with rifle and pistol. A
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
SANTA FE LOSES TO BELOIT
independent Champs Take Second
From Locals in Hard Fought Game.

The Beloit Leaguers Sunday after
noon took their second game from the
Santa Fe club of Topeka by a score
of to in a hard fought game that
ninth inning. This makes the sec
ond defeat of the locals this season,
both times by Beloit.
Seitz held the visitors to goose eggs
in the first and second and things
looked pleasant when the railroaders
got four runs of Unruh, so Hart was
called in from shorstop to relieve him
In the first half of the third Gill
singled and Sarvis walked. Mutt got
n double, scoring two. and Herriott
then scored Mutt Hart held the locals
for three innings.
In the sixth Hart got q single and
c. Wells fumbled Lindsey's grounder.
Hogue sacrificed and a double by Ken
nedy scored two runs Gin drove him
home, giving Beloit a lead of two
scores. Kennedy's poor peg to second
netted the Santa Fe one in the sixth,
but spectacular fielding by Lindsey,
second baseman, spoiled chances of
more scores.
Seitz held them for two more in
nings. In the eighth singles by Vesper,
Vogel, Leech and D. Wells tied the
score and the stands went wild. But
Seitz was crowded off third by Leech
and Wells and the inning ended. In
the ninth, Seitz passed Mutt. Herriott
and Hart doubled and Kennedy
singled, making three more scores.
In the last half of the frame Hart
chopped out Griffin, Herring and c.
Wells in quick succession.
Score by innings: R.H. E.
BeIoit ...........O O3 OO3 OO3-9 IL 4
Topeka ..........0 4O DOL O1O-6 II 8
Batteries: Unruh, Hart and Kennedy
Seitz and Vogel.
Paxico, 4; Rossville, 8.
Rossville, Kan. Aug. 16.-Rossville
defeated Paxico here Eunday, to f.
Batteries = Trimble and Graham;
Coulter and Hook.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
Ellsworth, 4; saIina, 8.

ELLSWORTH, !; SaIIna, 3.
Salina, Kan, Aug. 16.-The locals
defeated Ellsworth Sunday. to /.
Batteries-Garvin and Funk; Swift
and Reboul.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16

Valley Falls, 3; Perry, 6.
Valley Falls, Kan, Aug. 16.-The
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
WOMAN BURNED TO DEATH
Fire Department Officer Seriously
Burned Rescuing Her Husband.

Fire Department Officer Seriously
Burned Rescuing Her Husband.
Chicago, Aug. 1s.-One woman was
burned to death, her husband and q
lieutenant of the fire department were
seriously burned. and nine other per
sons narrowly escaped when a series
of wooden buildings on North La Sale
street were destroyed by fire early to-
day.
The dead woman is Mrs. Arthur
DAME. Her husband was seriously
burned about the face, back and hands
and the fireman, Lieut.. Edward Brady
was burned and cut on his face and
chest.
Lieutenant Brady was injured in
rescuing DAME from the burning
building in which he was asleep. The
other nine persons, of whom six were
women, were rescued by police and
firemen.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
To PUBLISH THEIR NAMES.
Less Than One Per Cent of ThOs,
Called in Draft Deserted.

Washington. Aug. 16.-Less than I
per cent of more than 100000 men
registered under the selective service
act, during the war, have been found
chargeable with wilful desertion, ac-
cording to an announcement issued by
the war department. The actual fig
ure is 1921 against whom deser-
ton charges have been recorded. and
this represents, the statement says, "a
tremendous improvement over the
draft record of the Civil war"
The department will soon make pub
lie the names of those branded as de-
serters.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
BELoIT is SHUT OUT.
Pittsburg Takes Third Game in Kansas
Independent Champ Series.

Beloit. Kan, Aug. 16.-Pittsburg
won the third game in the Kansas in
dependent championship series from
Beloit Leaguers here Saturday by 4
score of to o. Smithson was going IL
great style and Herriott, the leaguers'
hard hitter. was struck out in four
successive trips to the plate. Unruh
started the game for Beloit but be-
coming wild was taken out in the third
with the bases full. Gill pitched good
ball Williams. pinch hitter in the
ninth. struck out.
Score by innings: R. H. E
Pittsburg .............. 103 600 0O0+ G
Beloit ...............O 900 600 600 3
Batteries: Smithson and Osterfelt; I'm
rub, Gill and Kennedy.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
FORD WAS SMASHED.
Occupants injured But Not Fatally
When Train Hits Car.

Manhattan, Kan, Aug. ia near
fatal accident occurred here Sunday
morning when a Union Pacific train
struck a Ford car. severely injuring
George Senders and Gust BloomQuist,
two of the occupants of tie Ford car
Paul Travis, driver of the car, escaped
with few bruises. Senders who is
So years of age. was injured internally
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
Baseball Results Yesterday.

Western Association.
Henryetta, 4 Springfield. 1.
Enid, Z; Drumright, s (12 innings),
Okmulgee, S; Fort Smith, 1.
Pawhuska, 81; Chickasha, 6-5.
National League
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
"The Wonder Man"

The story of love, mystery and intrigue set in
the uItra-exclusive diplomatic circle of Washing
ton society.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
Linn, o; Clay Center.\ 1e.

Clay Center, Kan, Aug. 16.-CIav
Center defeated Linn here Sunday, Is
TO 0. Jordon pitched a no-hit and no
run game. striking out fourteen men.
6atter1es-Llnn, Miller, Roche and
Crum; Clay Center, Jordon and Craw-
ford.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16

locals lost to Perry, to 8, here Sun
day. Krause for the visitors struck
out fourteen men. Batteries-Krause
and Parneil; Demeritt and Wiley.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
Peabody, 4; Florence. Q.

Florence, Kan, Aug. 16.-Florence
defeated Peabody here Sunday, to 4,
IN the third of series. Batteries
Stock, Swartz and Daily; Youkn7an
and O'Brien.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-08-16
THOMPSON WINS BY 1000.
Close Race for State Treasurer Ended
by Official Returns.

Tom Thompson won the nomination
for state treasurer by a margin of
1000 votes over Charlie Evans, his
closest opponent, according to the Of
fetal returns received at the office of
L J. Pettijohn. secretary of state.
Thompson received 40, 900 votes. Evans
5000, and Mai. Carl White Al 900.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-07-09
VOLSTEAD ACT
NOT UNDERSTOOD
u. S. Commissioner and Assistant Dis
trict Attorney Declare They Don't
Know What 1t Means.

Boston, July "a United States
commissioner and an assistant United
States district attorney yesterday de.
clared that they did not understand
the Volstead act,
Fred Reed of Lawrence, at hearing
before u. S. Commissioner Hamilton
on charges of selling whiskey, was
asked by Assistant United States At
torney Lewis Goldberg if he had ever
heard of the Volstead act. The de-
PENDANT replied yes, but | don't know
what it means to which the attorney
responded that he did not need TO be
ashamed because, I'VE are all in the
same class" The commissioner, lean
ing over from the bench, added: And
I'm in that class too"
Reed, who said he was keeping store
for a druggist friend when a man en-
tered and asked for some whiskey for a
sick relative, was held for the grand
jury. 1t developed that the man who
bought the liquor was a prohibition
enforcement agent.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-07-09
COL. HASKELL RESIGNS.
American Officer, High Commissions
of Allies, Leaves Armenia.

Constantinople, July (By the As
sociated Press Colonel William \.
Haskell, the American officer who has
been high commissioner Of the allies
10 Armenia since July. 1919, has re-
signed that position. His resignation
will become effective when the British
evacuate Batum, on the Black sea.
The British, who apparently are pre-
uaring 20 leave Batum before July Is,
lave blown up all the Notifications on
"a theory that Batum should be a
rec port and open town in Georgian
r'tory.
The bolshetik embassy. in Tifis, CON
III ng Of IS persons. provided with
many expensive American automobiles
{ recent make. has requisitioned the
best houses in TiAis The embassy
"a plenty Of money and i actively
ngaging in propa eanda work
The Georgians are irving 20 get the
uiassv reduced 10 four sfnembers.