davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
Personal Menfl0n

James and Louis Finney are the
holiday guests of Miss Mary Graham
at Culleoka. ..# -...
John Franklin Parks, of Little
Rock, Ark, is visiting his parents, Mr..
and Mrs. George Parks.
c. NJ. Erwin, of Atlanta, Ca is the
guest of his mother, Mrs. w. T. En-
win, during the holidays.
Harold Andrew, Of the Jackson
Highway, has returned from a visit
to his home in Baltimore.
Mrs. Jennie Paul, Jr., and children
death of her brother, Howard Perry.
Miss Ann Grant will leave this
evening for Nashville, where she has
gone to attend the New Years dance.
Prof. Frank Williams and daughter,
have returned to Huntsville, Ala, after
visit to T. II. Williams and family
in West End.
Clarence Rochelle and Howard
Jones and Miss Viola Rochelle, of
Nashville, are the guests of Mrs. NJ.
E. Dennis in West End.
Mrs. w. B. Hudspith, of Washing
ton City, and Mrs. George M. Hight
of Nashville, are visiting their par
cnts, Mr. and Mrs. w. Y. c. Grant.
/. John NJ. Lee has returned to his
home in Shreveport, La, after spend
ing the holidays with his sister, Mrs.
George Parks, and brother, U. II. Eos
ter, of this city.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hugh Barker have re-
turned to their home in Montgomery,
Ala, after spending the Christmas
holidays with their mother, Mrs. Alex
Barker and family.
Miss Camille Herndon is on a visit
TO relatives in New York city. She
will later go to Washington to visit
her aunt. Miss Herndon will be alb
sent about four weeks.
r. b. Shields, former Maury county
boy but for several years with the
Mohawk Rubber Company at Atlanta,
is here for the holidays. He was once
a valued carrier on The Herald.
Robert w. Williamson, of New
York, spent Christmas with the home
folks. The firm with which he is as
sociated is now engaged in carrying
out a big contract in West Virginia.
Miss r. Gertrude Erwin arrived
/ Christmas morning from Austin, Tex,
to spend the holidays with her grand
mother. Mrs. w. T. Erwin and aunt,
/ Miss Rebeca Erwin. Miss Erwin is
senior student this term in the Uni
versity of Texas, and will return to
Austin after January 3rd to resume
her school duties.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
NOVEMBER Term
CIRCUIT COURT
CLOSES FRIDAY
CASE OF MATLOCk AGAINST ENC
LISH SET FOR TRIAL ON LAST
DAY OF THIS YEAR.
MANY CASES Been DISPOSED OF
Term Just Ending Has Been Fruitful
One-Grand Jury Will Appear Be.
fore Judge Turner to Make Final
Report for Session. "a ~ b1La

(From Wednesdays Daily Herald.)
With the trial of the case of r. F.
Matlook against DrJrGyC. English, of
Mt. Pleasant,eit is expected that the
November term of circuit court will be
brought to close on Friday after
noon. This Is the only case set for
this term which remains to be tried
and it is believed that the case can
be completed Friday afternoon or Sat.
urday morning.
Since the converting of the Novem-
Der term Of court, many important
cases have been disposed of and the
docket has been practically cleared
of the important criminal cases, one
murder case remaining to be
tried, and in this the defendant, VII
Blair, colored, is still at liberty.
The grand jury will also make rs
final report on this day it is expecte.
and be discharged by Judge Tufner.
1t is understood that the jury at it's
short session last week found quite
number of true bills, and these vii
be returned when that body is again
called before Judge Turner.
1t would have been Impossible for
the grand jury to have investigated
the complete mass of evidence be-
fore it with reference to the nor pay
ment of dog and wheel tax wihou
having been n session for many add
tional weeke There are hundreds %
violators Of thesa laws and ne SD
IRENE court has Just retu nei deci
sion to the effect that the dog law is
valid, and that the tax must be pail.
and it is expected that violators Of
this law will be required to pay the
penalty OF the law which togclhsr
with costs viii run the total costs .iu
each indictment to more than fogty
dollars. The jury has given as much
time to delinquent dog owrers nnis9,
can. be expected and Il IS moi ano.
gether improbable That indlcthfgh
will be found against all who have raiI-
cd to heed the injunction oft're law
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
OPENS CAMP A|CN
SPEAKERSH|P OF
The UPPER HOUSE
SENATOR {. D lCONEY GOES TT
NASHVILLE TO OPEN HEAD
QUARTERS AT MAXWELL.
MAKING A VIGOROUS FIGHT
Declares That He Is Absolutely Con-
fident of Election and Recognition
for Maury County-Finishes Road
Law-Annexation. ,.. ..... ..,... .=

tFrom Wednesdays Daily Herald) Il
Judge Edmund D. Looney, senator
from this district, will leave tonight
for Nashville to prosecute his cam
paign for speaker of the senate. Judge
Looney has already retained a room
at the Maxwell House and from to-
night he will be personally in charge.
He will not return to Columbia until
after the meeting of the legislature.
81 feel confident of my election as
speaker" said Judge Looney, land
expect to prosecute vigorous cam
paign for the honor. am going to do
all that l can honorably to win this
prize. l feel that Maury county is en-
titled to recognition and it will not be
cue to any lack of energy on my part
If the county does not obtain it,"
Judge Looney has been very busy
with the road law for the county
which he has been drafting. 1t is
probable that it will be April before
the new law will go into full force and
effect and in the meantime the present
board will administer the duties that
are now conferred on it. In many re-
spects it is understood that the new
law will be a radical departure from
the present law.
In addition to the road law Judge
Looney has been giving a good deal of
attention to the question of the annex
alton of the suburbs of Columbia.
Hardly day passes that delegations
on one side or the other of this ques-
ton do not visit the judge and try to
show him the merits of their conten-
tons At the proper time it is under
stood that the senator will issue a
statement in which he will propose a
plan for the satisfactory settlement
of the entire issue.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
COOLEST MORNING
PRESENT WEATHER
THERMOMETER DROPS TO FIJI
TEEN DEGREES AT GOVERN
MENT WEATHER BUREAU.

From Tuesdays Daily Herald)
Today was the coolest of the pres
ent winter. the temperature dropping
to fifteen degrees, according to the
government thermometer at the
weather bureau at Ashwood, kept by
Mrs. ]. w. Fleming, weather observer.
Around town various thermometers
registered from fifteen to twenty de-
grees. but several of them hang in
protected places and do not record
the real temperature.
While COlumbians are getting a
touch of real winter now they recall
the early days of winter, which up I'M
ill the present time has been the mild
-..ts-.,. h.. lrnoxr=.a IN
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
Merry Christmas Party.

Misses Mildred Hanson and Nell
Daimwood were hostesses at Christ
mas party on the night of December
rs. The home of Miss Hanson was
decorated beautifully with holly, eV-
ergreen and smilaX. Many delightful
games were enjoyed by all.
The girls present were: Misses
Pearl and Willie Maxwell, Leila and
Willie Hardison, Mabel Butler. Marga-
ret Jones, Resale Estes, Sara Mai
Steele. Elizabeth Daimwood, Tommy
Hightower. Elizabeth Harris, Sara
Cayce, Nell D2imwood and Mildred
Hanson. The boys present were: Ma
rion Frierson, Hayes. Allie, Willis
and Norris Hunter, Homer, William
and Jesse owen. Edward and Oscar
Hardison. John, Oslin and Owen But
Ter. Lloyd Huckaby, Mack Green. Dean
Woodland, Bernie Maxwell. Henry and
Ernest Daimwood After several
games were played the party was
served with oranges and cake.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
PORKER PRICES
DECLINE TODAY
DROP OF QUARTER REGISTERED
ON BOTH LOUISVILLE AND
NASHVILLE MARKETS.

Porker prices continued on the to,
poggan today, declining quar-
Ter both at Louisville and Nashville
ana putting top hogs back to $40,
which is a decline of seventy-five
cents during the past three days.
The cattle market was steady and
with quotations unchanged.
On local markets eggs slumped one
cent, putting them back to sixty cents
per dozen. Poultry prices were UNI
changed. Grain and seed prices were
steady.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
Six O'Clock Dinner.

Miss Hazel Digger, assisted
Nv her sister Miss Jennie
Dugger, entertained number
of her friends at the home of her par
cnts on the Hampshire pike Tuesday
afternoon. The guests were Jesse
Digger and Lloyd Haley, of Columbia;
]. B. Howard, of Mt Pleasant, and
John Cecil, of Cross Bridges.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
For Society Officers.

Mrs. r. S. Hopkins delightfully."- en-
tertained the officers of the Missiona-
ny society of the First Methodist
church at her beautiful new home
Wednesday. After a short business
session, making out of the fourth quar-
tcry reports and finishing up the
years work an elegant two course
luncheon was served. The day was
thoroughly enjoyed by all present.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
PRODUCE.

Eggs, loose, COO; hens, Is cents; fry
ing chickens, % cents; little chick
ems 20 cents; stays, 16 cents; roos-
ters, II cents; turkeys, 80 cents;
ducks, 10000 cents ID. geese, 1Sc .,
Butter-Packing house, 10 cents ID.
Irish potatoes-$2.0 per bushel.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
SHEEP AND LAMBS
GRAIN AND FLOUR.

Corn-Per barrel 1915.
Flour-Superlative patent, $11.75
barrel; best patent, $11.O0 barrel
bran, $45.OO per ton; shorts, $500
per ton.
Oats-Per bushel 70 cents.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
Harding Ignores
League Nations
Knox Declares
(By United Press.)

MARION, o., Dec. 3O-President-
elect Harding plans to ignore the
leakue of nations entirely in his inter
national program, Senator Knox. oil
Pennsylvania, said this morning fol-
lowing a conference with Harding.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31

An important branch of the work Of
the United States bureau of fisheries
consists in the rescue of commercial
fishes from landlocked pools along
the Mississippi river. During the
past year some 100000 of such
fishes were taken from the shallow
pools along the river and placed in
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
Attend Dinner Dance.

Misses Bessie Porter Erwin and Lee
myra Harlan went to Nashville today
TO be the guest of Mrs A. NJ Cochran
at a diner dance to be given by Mrs.
Cochran tonight to compliment her
cousin.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
Mrs. Anderson, Miss Anderson.

Mrs. Eugene Anderson and daugh
ter, Miss Leila Barr Anderson have
iisued invitations to a New Years re-
ception at their home Saturday after
noon.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
FUNERAL OF LOVE.

A Pulaski girl and young man OF
Enterprise Tenn, We're married in an
undertaking establishment i'm Column
hia Sunday. Not so Inappropriate,
perhaps. Marriage is not infrequent-
ly the funeral of love-Nashville
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31

Watermelons grow abundantly on
the Kalahari desert nj Central Africa,
despite a total absence of rain and
surface water.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31

Mrs Charles w. Dinwiddie will en-
terrain the members of the Plaisir
Club and their guests on New Years
night at her home at Culleoka.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
LOUISVILLE LIVE STOCK.
(By Bourbon Stock Yards.)
ecial to The Herald

10Y bUuTpUH SUCK YaruS.)
Special to The Herald.
LOUISVILLE, KY, Dec. 3O.-Cat-
tle-Receipts, 200 head. Market
steady.
Hogs-Receipts, 200 head. Market
quarter lower. From 90 pounds up,
$lO; from 80 pounds down, 1915;
throwouts, from So down.
Sheep-Receipts, so head Market
unchanged. 5r
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31

Fresh supply CT Typewriter RID
5ons received By parcel post THE
HERALD. lTl1
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
NASHVILLE LIVE STOCK.

(Union Stock Yards.)
Special to The Herald. ..,.
NASHVILLE, Tenn, Dec. 3O.-Hog
receipts 200, market quarter lower
Cattle receipts 200, market active.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31
WHEAT

Strictly No. 2 wheat, Per bushel
b19e.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-12-31

Need new Type Writer RAJ
re have Just received = shiT
parcrs p THE HERALI
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-05-26
MARRIED AT MANILA TODAY
Lewis P0pken and Miss Adella Sievers
Married at Manila at 10 O'Clock
Will Reside North Of Denison

Lewis Popken, of Goodrich township
and Miss Adella Sievers, residing near
Manila, were united in marriage this
"wednesday morning at 10 O'Clock al
the Lutheran parsonage in Manila, the
pastor Of that church performing the
impressive ring ceremony WHICH was
witnessed by the relatives and a few in
innate friends of the young couple.
The bride was most charming in a
beautiful gown Of jersey silk and car
ried a bouquet Of roses. She was at
tended by Miss Erna Popken, sister OF
the groom, who wore tailored suit OF
blue serge. The groom was attended
by John Ruberg.
The bride is the daughter Of Mr.. and
Mrs. Herman Sievers, who have long
been residents of Crawford county. She
is young woman of many attainments
and has a host Of friends In the com
munity where she has long resided
Lewis Popken is the son of Mr.. and
Mrs Herman PopkenF and was born
and reared in Goodrich township. Since
his parents moved to Denison last fall
he has been operating the old home
place in Goodrich township and is prov.
ing himself to be an excellent farmer.
He is an upright and Industrious young
man, held in high esteem by all.
Following the ceremony the happy
young couple and their immediate rel.
ativesl mOtored to Denison and had din
ner at the home of the groonl's parents.
They departed on the afternoon train
for Des Moines and points in eastern
Iowa for their honeymoon.
The Review joins with the many
friends. of these young people in extend
ing congratulations and wishes for
them many years Of happiness and pros
perity.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-05-26

many years he served as school treas
turer. He was progressive and Away!
was AFFILIATED with movements for thu
3betterment Of the community in which
he lived. He was one Of the mos
Influential citizens of the city and coun
ty. Announcement of his death made
in the city this morning was a grea'
shock to his hosts of friends, many q
whom had seen him up town in ap
parently good health only a day Or sc
before.
Y In addition to Mrs. Bosecker one
son and two daughters survive: FREQ
a, Bosecker, Mount Carmel; Mrs
Mary Wirth, Mount Carmel, and Mrs
Lizzie Frese FDenison, Ia. One
daughter, Lena Bosecker, died Oct. 10
1919. Surviving also are seven grand
children, two brothers, Andrew Bos
ecker, of Wabash county, and William
B. Bosecker, OF Evansville, Ind, an6
one sister, Mrs. Andrew Schmidt, Of
Evansville. One sister, Mrs. Anna
Schmidt, Of Cowling, died about, II
years ago.
Mr.. Bosecker was a member Of the
st. Johns Lutheran church near Cow,
ling, III.
I. Funeral arrangements have not
been completed, further than the bur.
ial will be at the Lutheran church
near Cowling.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-05-26

{. : !.
leaders that people are awakening tc
the fact that a mighty effort is now tic
be made to spread the bible religion
that over one hundred and fifty million
dollars has been subscribed, and plans
set on foot which ten years ago would
have been considered insane for lack OF
money and men.
1t were well to bear in mind the quail
tiles of Caleb and Jonathan. Both were
young men full Of faith who believed
the promises Of God and We're not
afraid to go forward resting on these
promises. Today we have promises by
the hundreds in the bible. some from
the lips Of Jesus and yet men by thous-
ands are afraid to act as II these prom
Uses could not and would not fail. Let
us stand by God, believe His promises
and be aggressive leaders in working
for Him.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-05-26
Sunday Schlool! ]: Notes;
SIDELIGHTS OH NEXT SUNDAYS
Lesson for Teachers and Pupils.
Edited BY. CHARLES X. MEYERS

Nav On Jonathan Defeats the Phil.
;stines Josh "a 1a.14. i sam. ia. 6-13,
me of The great thnurhts which our
,essn,,s We 4heen hrinri,,r o,,f relates
~ tl,a nhnica ~ sSlaa1iers.-what will
make them successfmI-and TODAY we
consider The valme IofSaegressiye leader.
sb;nI II will Ia noted that there is
e s "a talk ahnut twn Verses in the
hnnk If Joshua Those nosted on the
b EJ of the rhi,dren IF Israel during
thai,, io,,rnev thro,,gh the Wilderness
wiIi recal Here came 4 time when
Mnsa, M his comnanv were near the
Promised r and, n was then that a spy
frnr, eaci, IF the twelve tribes was
salanteG and sent forward to report as
to the Law Of the land, the people who
Inc and holding III viii he recalled
frat two IF the spies. Joshua and ca.
Ian maiia renort That tire land could be
taken M matter what Obstacles seemed
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-05-26
DEA TIL OF MRS. VIM.
fRESE'S FATHER
Christian BQsecker, Of Mount Carmel,
/. I'LL. Dies sunddenIy Tuesday, May
18th -Heart Trouble Cause
WAS AN INFLUENTIAL CITIZEN
Had Served His County as Commits
sioncr for Two Terms School Treas.
urer for Many Years.

Mention was made in the Review
Inst week OF the death of Mr.. Christian
Z B0secker. father Of Mrs, VIM. Frese
Who died suddenly at his home al
Mount Carmel, Illinois. Rev. ant
Mrs. VIM. Frese departed last Wed
nesday for that place to be In attend
i Ahce at the funeral.
Mr.. Bosecker visited in Denison or
a several occasions during the time that
his daughter has been a resident Of
this city and made many friends who
+ will be interested in the account of his
death which appeared in the Mount
Carmel Daily Republic Register
which is as follows:
Death Tuesday night suddenly came
TO Christian BOsecker, former coun
5ty commissioner and one of the coun
TVS most widely known and most in,
B huential citizens, at the family home
at 926 Cherry street. Heart trouble
was the cause Of death. ai
Although he had not been in the
best OF health, Mr.. Boseker was up
and about able to attend to business
affairs as usual: He made a trip to
the farm in the vicinity of Cow1ing
yesterday, returned In apparent good
healeh. ate q hearty supper and retired
Mrs. B0secker was aroused by his
heavy breathing. She attempted to
call him, but he did not answer. The
alarm was given and neighbors quick
" gathered and DR.. Buchholz was
called. When the physician arrived,
however. life was extinct.
Mr.. Bosecker had previously SUI.
fered from heart trouble. t5>
CORNER G. e. Gilliatt came down
from Allendale and conducted an in
quest. The jury was composed of DR..
Buchholz, e. ii. Roberts, Homer Bald
win, %. 2. Fordyce. j. G. Moody and
Charles Schwartz.
Christian Bosecker, who was son
Of Charles Frank Bosecker, who was
born in Saxon, Germany, and Anna
Elizabeth Bosecker, of Saxon, Ger
many, was born in Vanderburg county,
Ind, near Evansville, Feb. 81, 1854
AT the time of his death he was aged
IS years. months and ~ days. He
married to Charlotte Schweikard, Of
Vanderburg county, Ind, on April ID,
1876. In 1873 he moved to Wabash
county and settled on a farm near
COwling. He was remarkably sue
cesaful as a farmer and as the years,
passed added to his original possess
jGions and improved his land until he
had one Of the finest farms to be
found, not in Wabash county alone,
but In this section OF the state. In
1906 he moved Mount Carmel and
since that date had made his home in
this city. n a
III Mr.. Bosecker was former county
commissioner, having served the coun-
" In that capacity two terms For
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-05-26

- .
fight and with such success that fear
came on their enemies all along the
line and they fled, the Israelites after
them. The victory was made complete
and for years the land was at rest.
Aggressive Leadership. Such as
this always wins. We recall that great
event in the history of our country
when in the midst Of one of the most
depressing periods of the war of the
revolution Washington crossed the Del
aware amidst the cakes Of ice, surpris-
ing the German hired soldiers, striking
a severe blow, and then making good a
retreat. No great capture was made of
prisoners; the place was not held, but
the effect, of that nights work had
much to do with keeping alive the fires
of patriotism in the hearts of the col.
.onists and made firm their determina-
ton to make their rebellion a success.
In the great civil war there was a man
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-05-26

with aggressive leadership and it was
that great man General Grant. In the
beginning Of the war he made that bold
descent on the rebel camp at Belmond
Down the Mississippi river the troops
went, surprised the rebel camp, cap.
tured it, and then make good a retreat.
One might say, What did Belmond
amount to?" Not so much in some
ways, but the affair showed the coun-l
try aggressive leadership, ability to
jump in, scare the enemy, make him
cautious about pushing ahead with his
outposts and thus u gain for the union
cause was made. .
In the religious war there is call for
aggressive leadership. There has sprung
up of late years men Of vision who put
over the centenary move in the Metho-l
dist church and gave energy to the in!
terchurch move when it came UP be-
fore the people. It is because OF these
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-05-26
POST OFFICE HOURS MONDAY

The holiday which the government
employees are entitled to on May 30th
each year will be used on Monday, May
.31st, this year. Rural mail carriers will
make no trips. City carriers will make
will be open from 8 to 10 O'clock, at
which time persons on rural routes car
receive their mail. The balance Of the
day the post office will be closed. Out
going mail will be made up as usual.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-05-26
MARRIAGE LICENSES


MARRIAGE LICENSES
The following licenses to wed have
been issued during the past week by
County Clerk j.. w. Monaghan
Name and Address Age
May 20--- Il
Charles II. Adams, Lincoln, Neb. 10
dice b. Hicks, Council Bluffs ------50
Henry Krantz, Manila -------------20
Lena Fish, Manila -----------------23
|; May 22-
Fred A. Clausen, Charter Oak ------22
Mary 5Hallstein, Charter Oak ------24
May 25- g5.
Adela Sievers, Manila -----------legal
The women who are playing tennis
and golf to reduce their flesh are re.
minded that the same results are OBJ.
tanned less expensiyely BY cultiyating
the garden. .as1
Evening star., 1920-04-25
PLANS BIG OFFICE BUILDING
Baltimore to Have One Combining
MANY New Features.

BALTIMORE, April "a (SpeciaD.-
Several new office building ideas will
be embodied in the largest office
building south of New York, which
will ! be erected here in the down
town section shortly. Work on the
building. which will be 25 stories
high and known as the Bailey build
ing, will start on June Is.
Perhaps the most novel feature of
the building will be two swimming
pools, which are to be built on the
top floor, one for the use of the
woman workers in the building and
the oother for the men. In addition
to the swimming pools, other features
are ten high-speed elevators, COM
presed-air mail chute connecting
directly with the postoff1ce, through
which letters dropped in the mail
chute from any floor of the building
will be shot underground into the
postoffice. and heating and lighting
machinery propelled by oil-burning
engines.