davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-10-23
Announce Free Lectures

Announcement of series of faculty
lectures was made yesterday at the Uni
versity of Pennsylvania. The course,
as we'll as students, will commence Sat
urday, November 0, at 2 80 y. m, in
Houston Hall. DR.. William II. New
boldt will give the first lecture, his sub
ject being ''Plato."
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-10-23
Girl Knocked Down by Auto

Isabella Foster, 1923 North Twenty
sixth street, was severely injured today
when she was knocked down by an auto
mobile at Front and Market streets.
She was taken to the Jefferson Hos
pital suffering with two broken ribs and
other injuries. A. ID, Cades, 301 North
Third street, Camden, who was driving
the machine, was held in $500 bail for
court.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-10-23
Episcopal Bishops to Meet

Bishop Rhinelander will leave Mon
day night for st. Louis. where he will
attend a special session of the House
of Bishops of the Episcopal Church.
The bishops will take action upon the
Of Delaware.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-10-23
WEEKS DEATH RATE JUMPS

Increases in the death rate are shown
by the weekly mortality bulletin issued
today by the division of vital statistics.
The deaths for the week ending last
night totaled 40, as compered with
40 deaths last week.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-10-23
Deaths of a Day
OLIVER DOUD BYRON
Veteran Actor Of American Stage
ls Dead at lonu Beach

Long Beach, N. ", Oct. 23.-Oliver
Doud Byron, seventy two years old,
veteran actor Of the American stage,
%no %i1o, appeared with Edwin Booth, John
wilkes Booth, Joseph Jefferson, Laura
heene. Mrs. Scott Siddons and other
famous stars. died at his home yester-
day He retired from the stage five
years ago. making his final appearance
IN New York in General John Regan."
=, Mr.. Byron was born in Frederick,
MD He made his first stage appear
ilce isnce IL Nicholas Nickleby" with the
,ate Joseph Jefferson in 1855. His
most notable success was in Across
ne Continent" and while starring in
.hls play in 1874 he was responsible
Dor p the first stage appearance of Ada
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-10-23
Philip MIndlI

phi"ew Mew York, Oct. 23.--(By A. P.)-
4 ip hearny Mindil, widely known as
diea ea'~Ssspaperman spd dramatic critic,
ths a., ms home here last night. At
IN ,t VINE OF his death Mr.. Mindil was
m.na arge OF the dramatic news depart
, wss ot the New York Tribune. He
ysn,a. ~. one time owner and publisher Of
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

night. The long apartment was
prettily decorated with trailing vines
garlanded from the chandeliers, and
made bright with bowls and vases of
crimson japonicas placed about on
tables. Pots of fragrant white hya-
cinths were used with combinations
with ferns and narcissi, and the en-
tertalnment rooms presented an at
tractive appearance. Old-fashioned
games were played, such as wink"
CLAP in and Clap Out" Scissors"
and while the table was being ar
ranged the guests enjoyed a prom in
front of the church. Music was :"
nished by the Misses Bragg, and an
interesting feature of the program
was the reading given by DR.. Minor,
pastor of the congregation, 'My
First Speech at School," This
brought forth roars of laughter from
his hearers, and he followed this up
with two skits, which were also
amusing. Guests present were Mrs.
James Barlow, Miss Lola Flenner,
Miss Ruth Clark, Miss Fannie Mae
Harper, Miss Caroline Worthy, Miss
Elizabeth Brown, Miss Louise Bragg,
Miss. Frances Harper, Miss Gladys
Goodman, Miss Kate Williams, Miss
Mary Alice Lingo, Miss Mamie
Bragg, Miss Mary E. Bell, Miss Frank
Marsh, Miss Katherine Turner, Miss
Julia Allison Miss jamie Murray,
Miss Nettie Claire McMath, Miss
Myrtle Baldwin. Miss Verna Bragg,
Miss Evelyn Bragg, Miss Agnes
Salter, Miss Sara Oliver. Miss Della
Williams, Miss Edna Hilsman, DR..
Carl Minor, Mr. James Barlow, P. E.
Smith, A. c. Mitchell, w. H. Bish-
OPP, o. L. Beckam, W A. Cayer, C. L.
Kemp, j. R. Sims, J. R. Hamrick,
Espey Daniels, C. H. Carswell, Watts
Market, J. R. Domino, j. J. John
son, F. L. Williamson, C. H. Byers,
D. F. Albert, Elmer Williams, Egbert
Clark
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
MRS. SHIP ENTERTAINED
AT BRIDGE WEDNESDAY.

Mrs. Edgar Ship entertained on
Wednesday afternoon for the mem
bers of the Young Matrons' Club at
her home on Church street The liv-
ing rooms were pretty with bowls of
crimson japonicas, and the Valentine
suggestions were evident. At the
conclusion of the game played at
three tables, a delicious bird course
was served Assisting Mrs. Shipp in
serving We're Mrs. Eugene Hill, Mrs.
Joseph Bryan and Miss Mary Can
non.
Those playing were Mrs. J. D.
Hooks. Mrs. Lucius McCleskey, Mrs.
Barlow Council, Mrs. Will Green
Turpin, Mrs. Taylor Lewis, Mrs.
Thomas McLendon, Mrs. George
Duncan, Mrs. Robert G. Christian,
Mrs. Cliff Williams, Mrs. Herschel
Smith, Mrs. Hollis Fort. Mrs. Walter
Rylander.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
OF INTEREST TO
CLUBS IN AMERICUS.

When the Atlanta Woman's Club
will formally open it's doors to the
membership next week in that city,
the occasion will be in specific COM
pllment to Mrs. Irving Thomas, pres
ldent of the club, and to Mr.. Thomas
for his hearty cooperation with the
interest of the women belonging to
the club. Mrs. Thomas has made a
remarkable president, charging ma
terially the membership of the club,
also lending her aid to the establish
ment of city market in Atlanta, and
buying the present building for the
| Woman's Club. 1t is tie rule of the
organization that no president may
succeed herself in Office at the eX-
plration of her term, but owing to
the many benefits the membership
have received through the admins
tration of Mrs. Thomas, it is gener-
ally believed she will be retained in
office through unanimous vote Many
| splendid plans have been made for
the future of the club, including the
study and presentation of music, art,
dramatic expression, and all the ac-
tlvitles along the line of fine arts,
and the securing and equipment of
library. The Womans Club of
Americas is doing such splendid work
in this city for the Improvement in
all lines undertaken, that it with
pride the achievements of the club
are mentioned The membership is
very strong here, and many are ask
ing 70 affiliate with the work of the
women in the betterment of the city.
It Is through their efforts that the
playground of Americas has been es-
tablished, and through their untiring
work that equipment therefor will
be purchased and installed
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
Society,"
SPLENDID PROGRAM OF
MUSIC STUDY CHR

A splendid program was enjoyed
by all those assembled at the home
of Miss Emmae Borum on Church
street Wednesday morning, and de-
spite the inclement weather, a num-
Der of enthusiastic ladies were pres
ent. Owing to illness and other
causes some were forced to remain
away. During the discussion hour.
the deplorable condition of the peo-
pie of the Near East was discussed,
and plans formulated whereby the
Music Study Club would assist in this
worthy cause. Contributions were
taken at this meeting, and other
amounts promised as soon as the sec
rotary could see the members and ad-
yocates personally. Among those en-
loying the hour were Mrs. Frank
Harold, Mrs. S. H. Mckee, Mrs. Wal
ter Rylander, Mrs. Henry B. Mash
burn, Mrs. ]. E. Johnson, Mrs.
Charles Rogers, Miss Ellen Estes,
Mrs. Max Cawood and Mrs. Frank
Cato. Mrs. S. H. Mckee will have
charge of the program for the next
meeting which will be held at her
home on Rees Park.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
LARGE PAGEANT AT
STATE NORMAL

A beautiful pageant was staged to-
day at the State Normal School at
Athens representing the different
states and their people. Miss Naomi
Wright was elected to represent
Pennsylvania as William Penn, and
Miss nellie Worthy acted as one of
the women of the age BETTING cos
tunes were worn by those participant
ing In the pageant, which was de-
clared to be one Of the largest stag
ed at this institution during several
years. After the exercises were con-
clude1 the faculty enleIt, ined the
participants with large banquet,
and Miss Wright was selected as one
OF the escort of the body, this be-
ing considered signal honor in the
school entertainments.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

The rival firms of Sophie Tucker
and Jazz Band, and Ted Lewis and
Jass Band have future plans that
lead along different routes. Sophie
with her five syncophated monarchs
and overdone Yiddish by-play, has
organized new act that opened at
Keith's Alhambra.
Gone year with Sophie Tucker"
she states, pointing to her nasal-ton-
ed cornetist, "and he rides in his
own limousine" We have always
known Sophie was modest.
Ted Lewis is working on different
lines. After five years of jazz sue
cess in Gotham, Ted has given warn
ing that he will jump freight trains to
Philadelphia, where he will open at
the Schubert Theater. 1t was five
years ago that Ted came to New
York, he states, without a dime in his
pocket. He's going to leave the
same way in order not to change his
luck.
These moving pictures about scan
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

Twas a delightful situation and that
kind of a picture. The head waiter
bowed low to this miss. And 20
minutes later she was wringing out
her own stockings-in the picture, of
course.
In a musical way, Mary Garden in
her "Melisande," warbled into the
hearts of the Five Hundred, while
Same Bernard and Irene Bardoni, in
"As You Were," whangdoodle i Az
play, sounded mighty good to the Five
Million.
"Melisande" is something that the
critics write five columns about. GAS
You We're" is a musical comedy that
tells how a pie-maker took pills that
waited him back into bygone ages.
Naturally he met Cleopatra, Helen of
Troy and other celebrities. After the
effect of the pills wore off he found
it wasn't such an irrational world af-
ter all.
Charles Ray, perhaps the most
popular juvenile type on the screen
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
MISS ALLEN HONOREE
AT PRETTY PARTY

Miss Annie Lucille Allen, whose
marriage will be pretty social event
OF next week, was honoree at the first
Of a series Of parties to be given
her. Miss Sara Britton entertained
Wednesday afternoon at her home on
Harold avenue with a bridge and AZ
party, three tables being used for
bridge and one for the game of AZ.
The living rooms were prettily deco
rated with white hyacinths and fra
grant narcissi placed about in wall
vases and crystal bowls. At the con-
cIuslon of the game a salad course
was served with Mrs. Herbert Moon
assisting. Just before departure the
honoree was showered with lovely
embroidered towels, and each was
presented to her by the donor. Those
enjoying this occasion were Miss AL
len, Miss Evelyn Bell, Miss Lois Nc
Math, Miss Annie Ivey, Miss Eliza
beth Harris, Miss Lucy Barrow Tay-
Tor, Miss Elizabeth Eldridge, Mrs.
Dudley Gatewood, Jr., Mrs. Alton
Cogdell, Miss Ruth Macarthur, Mrs,
George Andrews, Miss Hattie Pope
Morgan, Mrs. Joe Johnson, Mrs. Her
bert Moon and Miss Leta Merritt.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
Cheap and Pretty Home.

One Of the most interesting exhibits
at the British Dairy association show
was q four-room cottage, complete,
with large entrance hall. carriage paid
to the nearest freight station. priced
at SS73. The house is made of ashes
toS-a compound of asbestos and ce-
ment-and the manufacturers describe
1t - "wen'H"r-proof. ratproOf and
datnpproor.' A charming little week
END cottage IT two rooms is offered
al S21I
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
DON'T COME HOME
WITHOUT MERITONE
L hats What This Woman Told Her Husband
Bays One Bottle ofMeritone Almost Made
Her Into New Person.

Don't come home without another
oottIe OF Meritone," Mrs. G. C. Nor
r7s, OF 1920 Charlotte Avenue, West
Nashville, told her husband as he
was leaving for work a few mornings
ago. Mr.. Morris is a popular Nash
vile street railway man. '''-
MY wife suffered from rbeuma.
rsm for long time" Mr.. Morris
She finally got so that she couldn't
sleep at night and felt so bad that
she couldn't do her homework
She has taken one bottle of Mer;.
tone now and it has almost made q
ne" woman of her. She rests much
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

better nights now and is feeling 50
well that she can do her work again.
She told me when / came to town
not to come home without another
bottle of Meritone.
1T almost makes me feel like
have a new wife"
Meritone is a system medicine of
real merit and is excellent for such
Ills Of the system as ailing conditions
OF the stomach, rheumatism and the
like. Thousands of people in many
states praise Meritone highly for its
benefits.
Meritone is sold exclusively in
Americas by Carswell Drug Co. adv
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
Junior B. Y. P. Ia to Entertain Fri
day Night.


The Junior B. Y. P. U. of the Cen
trail Baptist church are planning a
most interesting time for every mem
Der next Friday evening at 7 o'clock
in the annex of the church.
Every member is urged to show
their talent by bringing a written
message to some member of the
union and post at the door as they
enter. After an Introductory service
the messages will be read aloud by
the one who receives them and then
Pastor Geo. F. Brown will give a
message on the true Divine love.
Each captain of the groups is ask
ed to notify every member of their
group and have full attendance.
Refreshments will be served at the
close.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
Farnum In The Spoilers
At Opera House Friday

Everybody is going to the Opera
House tomorrow to see William Far
mum and Kathlyn Williams, support
ed by an all-star cast, in "The
Spoilers" the greatest drama of ear
ly Alaskan life ever made into pic
lures.
To see 'The Spoilers is to live
and breathe the free, pure air of
Alaska. To see the action of red
blooded men and women forced bv
circumstances imposed upon them by
so-called minions of law, to protect
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

Alice wears some pretty costumes
that pleased Rivoli audiences.
Little did the movie-knocker of
years ago anticipate that tidbits from
the famous operas would be just Incl
dental in picture presentation. This
happened at the Rivoli, when Director
Hugh Reisenfeld slipped in a big cho-
rus to interpret a scene from
Faust" The idea proved to be a
hit and the vocal chorus will now
become permanent feature of this
picture palace.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
MlS. Iau1a1s Hdn7iHo11

NEW YORK, Feb. 12.-Mrs. Ger
trude Warren was recently wed to
Laurens Morgan Hamilton. Hamilton
is her third husband. She is very
good looking and won a beauty prize
in St. Louis several years ago. Ham
ilton is grandson of the late J. P.
Morgan and the son of Mr.. and Mrs.
William Pierson Hamilton. His new
bride is "a, while he is but 20.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

AL II UIOW
word meaning deb
dtante) wanted to
become chorus
girls. In 1.-TWO
Weeks" Con-
stances latest pic
ture, which played
at the Strand, the
life Of a chorus girl
is brought out
most fascinatingly.
Gracious!. Just
think of a dainty
chorus miss in a
country home with
three men for two
weeks - and all
the men hacheIors 7
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
6 Royal Holland Bell Ringers s.
"Down In the Dumps"

This Is a very ancient expression,
and is supposed to have been derived
from king of ancient Egypt, one
Dumops, who built a pyramid and died
Of melancholy. Shakespeare uses the
expression In THE Tanning of the
Shrew," in the line which runs: How
cow, daughter Katherine-in your
dumps?"
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
ON BROADWAY!
Constance, Charley, Mary, Sam,
Irene, Sophie, Ted and Alice
on the Job
BY PAUL M. SARAzAN.

NEW YORK, Feb. 12.-The invas-
ion Of Wal-st. into the theatrical
world was checked this week when the
invasion of Riverside-dr. slipped twen-
ty million dollars worth of society
girls into the chorus of "Who's
NextE" society play that promises
to raise much lucre in behalf of char
ity' This musical comedy is due to
run two weeks at the Princess Thea
ter. Provided the costumes in act
two can hold together for IA days,
the show will probably last that long.
Maybe 1t was Constance Talmadge's
fault that the new York debbies (this
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

life and property by mans primitive
instinct. force.
1t takes two hours to see the PIE
ture and there will be only two per-
formances, one matinee at $3.50 and
the night curtain at o'clock. One
of the most thrilling fights ever
screened takes place in this picture
and a picture you will never forget.
The prices have been reduced to 10,
20 and soc, and you had better go
early if you want a seat.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

To-Day, is now on
his own hook. He
has severed all con-
nections wit h
Thos. H. Ince, the
producer, and the
firm of Charles
Ray Productions
Inc, now comes
into existence.
W h a t Charles
first picture put
out by his own
company will be is
not yet decided.
His papa is presi-
dent of the new
company.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
MRS. MILLER'S CONDITION
SLIGHTLY IMPROVED

Americas friends have received in,
formation that the condition of Mrs.
William C. Miller, who is seriously
III at her home on College street in
Macon, with pneumonia, was slight
y improved Wednesday. DR.. and
Mrs. Miller formerly lived in Ameri-
Gus where they were greatly below
e NJ wide circle of friends. DR..
d ller oled several years ago at his
home in Macon.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

tin g popular.
This time it is
Alice Brady in
"The Fear Mar
ket," her latest
Realart Picture,
who decides to put
a stop to society
folks paying brides
to keep their
naughty doings
out of print. How
was she to know
her own daddy
owned the paper?
In addition to get
ting herself into
doubtf1I c;+,,a+iore
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
Great Little Exnlainer

No matter what trouble Tommy gets
into. he always manages to offer some
sort Of excuse until even his little Sis
ter is on to him. The OTHER day he
dropped her dolly and broke 1t. Be
fore he had time to open his mouth
she exclaimed in an angry voice,
There, now, saw you did It, so don't
try TO make an explain"
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
MISS MERRITT POSTPONES
HER PARTY.

Miss Leta Merritt has recalled the
invitations to her party compliment
ing Miss Annie Lucille Allen, on ac-
count of the illness of her brother
William. This compliment will be
given after the wedding of Miss
Allen.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
MR.. AND MRS. BURKHALTER
GUESTS IN AMERICUS.

Mr.. and Mrs. Allen Burkhalter, of
Atlanta, have arrived in Americas,
and will be the guests of DR.. and
Mrs. Carl W. Minor at their apart
ment on Lee street for some time.
Mrs. Burkhalter will be pleasantly re-
membered as Miss Mara Sims before
her marriage last July, and is being
given cordial welcome upon this
visit to her home.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
SOUTHER FIELD
SOCIAL, POSTPONED

On account of The inclement
weather the social and party which
was to have been given at Souther
Field tonight has been called off until
Tuesday evening of the 18th
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

The Bug Bible.
'The Bug Bible" published in 1851,
contains the phrase Afraid Of bugs
by night" where the King James YER
alQQ reade NTerrnr by NIGHT"
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
B. Y. P. u. SOCIAL.
AT LECTURE. ROOM

One of the most enjoyable occa-
sions Of the Valentine season was the
social held in the lecture room of
the First Baptist church Wednesday
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
PRETTY LITTLE PARTY
ON BIRTHDAY. u

One of the most delightful birth
day parties of the week was given
by Mrs. Earl Speer at her home on
Cherry street complimenting little
Miss Florence Speer on the occasion
of her seventh birthday. Entertain
ing and amusing games were played
on the porch and in the living rooms
until late in the afternoon, when
cream and cake were served to the
little guests. The honoree received
many pretty remembrances from her
friends, and each guest drew a souve-
mir Valentine from a box arranged
for the purpose before the departure,
Gathered to honor the little hostess
were Christine Schneider, Velma
Turner, Thelma Turner, Beatrice
Heidi, Dorothy Morris. Claire
Brooks, Sarah Maddox, Ella Wilkes,
Ruby Lowrey, Kathleen Weed and
Margaret Chappell.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12
MISS HILSMAN WILL
VISIT PRESTON.

Miss Edna Hilman, president of
the B. Y. P. u, of the First Baptist
church, will spend the weekend with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. E. O. His
man, at their home in Preston. Miss
Hilsman is doing splendid work for
her organization and under her direc-
ton it has grown in membership and
enthusiasm during the past year.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

These moving pictures about scan
dial papers are pet-
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1920-02-12

Charles Ray, perhaps the most
popular juvenile type on the screen
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1920-04-15
EXCESSIVE PROFITS

That the prOfiteer is still at large is ev-
idenced from the charges that are almost
daily made on the floor of Congress, and
that the administration is leisurely allow
ing the present program of modern
thievery" to proceed is just as clearly ev-
ident. A prominent member of Congress
recently had the following to say:
"Mr. President, | affirm that there can
be no defense for the conduct of many OF
the great manufacturers of the United
States who are today charging enormous
prices for their products and makinp pro-
ducts and making profits so staggering
and so stupendous as to shock the moral
sensibilities Of decent people. There seems
to be an absence of conscience upon the
part of some of the producers and manu-
facturers of our country. There is no
limit to their demands upon the public;
they would repeal all laws forbidding com
binations in restraint of trade and secure
the enactment of prohibitive tariff laws so
that without impeachment or interruption
they could despoil and plumber the Amer
lean people. l denounce the unjust and
oppressive exactions to which the cOnsum-
ing public are subjected by many Of the
great producers and manufacturers Of
our country.
Many of these corporations and enter
prises are paying dividends larger than
ever before paid before and deriving pro-
fits beyond the dreams Of avarice' Sal
aries and compensation are paid and ex-
penses incurred and allowances and
charges laid against the enterprises in
order to diminish the income and excess
profits taxes, and yet, with all the subter-
fuges resOrted to, the earnings are so
fabulous as to excite the skepticism even
of those who have knowledge of the facts.
In today's paper read that certain shoe
campany's profits during the past year
were, as recall, six millions of dollars.
two millions more than for the year 1913
These enormous profits were derived af-
ter paying all expenses, charges, taxes.
excess profits taxes, and every conceiv-
able factor entering into the calculation"