The Red Cloud chief., 1920-01-22

derground water Is without merit. although
"forked-stck" artists from experience often are
better able to judge the probabilities of ground
water than the average person
Various Kinds Of Wells
Wells spoken of shallow deep. dug
bored, driven, drilled and In the Of tubu-
lar wells as nOnfowng. flowing, artes'an
Persons interested in the various types of wells
and their construction, advantages disadvantages,
etc. will find the subject treated in Farmers Du-
letin No. 041.
Wherever possible. the farmhouse should be
fitted with some sort of running g-water system.
simple or elaborate, according to the investment
the owner Is able to make. For such systems
water may be raised by natural flow, hydraulic
rams, pumps. air lifts, airdispacement pumps.
Hydraulic rams are the most economical water
lifting devices. Since rams Of various sizes and
makes perform differently, 1t usually Is necessary
to accept the mechanical details determined by
the manufacturer The minimum. never more
than the average, flow of the spring should de-
termine the size Of the ram. Otherwise, the
selected may be too large for the dry-weuther
flow. Small flows may be determined by noting
the time required to fill vessel of known ca
pacity. Larger flows may be determined by weir
measurements.
When the water supply Is far from the ram
site 1t Is usual to pipe the flow to an open innk
reservoir located so rs to secure the desired
length and fall of drive pipe. Sometimes the
flow Of spring Is too small to actuate a ram thar
Is sufficient for domestic requirements. In such
instances and where a nearby brook he
damned to obtain the necessary power head the
recOii of the ram may be employed to admit the
spring water, which is pumped by fall Of she
brook water to the pipe drive.
Motion Of water produces friction, which in
with the length and roughness of The
pipe and the rapidNy OF the waters movement
Hence, wherever much water Is to be delivered
through long pipe the power or head necessary
to overcome friction should be determined The
bulletin mentioned before Farmers' Bulletin No.
941) contains table which shows the friction
head; that is, the number of feet TO he added TO
the vertical height for each 100 feet of iron pipe
(nOt newt to overcome friction when dscharg-
ing given quantities. Of water.
Selection OF Pump.
In the selection of pump one should det"r-
mine the kind OF well to he used its inside III
ameter, depth to the bottom the depth cased,
depth to the water level both when the pump is
at rest and In operation. and the maximum
yield, The maximum quantity of water required
per day should he calculated also. One should
also determine the distance from the well to the
proposed location of the pump and the vertical
height between these points; likewise the dis
tunce from the pump to the reservoir or tank and
the vertical height between these points. The
kind of power to be employed should be settled
upon aso-hand power, windmill, gasoline or oil
engines, electric motors-and the method OF
transmitting the power.
Farm pumps usually of the suction. 'ift
force, deep-well type some combination OF
these. Suction and lift pumps do not raise wa
ter above the pump nor discharge 1t under press
ure. Suction pumps require the cylinder TO be
above the water level of the supply. II a per-
feet vacuum could be created within the cylinder
water could be raised vertically by suction $3.50
feet ut sea level. However, the actual suction
lift is usually not more than two-thlrds OF the
theoretical lift Methods of making tight joints
are described In the bulletin referred to.
Horizontal suction pipes may extend long dis
tances, providing the friction loss plus the yer.
tical height from the water level to pump valve
does not exceed the limiting suction lift Where