davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
Future Peace

The peace Of the world, after all.
continues to depend upon real
settlement between France and Ger
many, and peace between France
and Germany depends beyond all
else upon mutual agreement upon
permanent frontiers, not as q re-
suit Of any treaty Of peace, whether
of Westphalia, Frankfort or Yer
sailles. but as a result Of free y Il
bargain. Once Germany accepts
the frontiers which she destroyed IN
1870 and submitted 70 IN 1913
Franco-German relations viii take cn
new character and an aviahle apph-
cation Of the Treaty of Versailles vii
become possible. But neither italy
nor Great Britain, and much less the
United States now, viii be able to
modify French policy, while they
are unable to reduce French appre-
tensions or fortfy French security.
Nor can Germany, still planning
and proclaiming a reconquest Of
Strasbourg and Metz, obtain French
consent to adding 100000 to her
population and thus enormously IN
creasing her superiority in mar
power available for the threatened
next war"
(Copyright, 1920, BY the Mcclure
Newspaper Syndicate.)
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
Would Be Friendly

In the nature of things this new
South German confederation would
not only be friendly to France, but
would depend upon French support
to maintain its independence against
Prussia. Thus the old, historic re-
lation between the House of Bour-
bon and that of Wittelsbach would
be restored, although republican in
stitutions had replaced monarchical
on either side of the Rhine. Such
division of Germany would, for
all time, abolish the nightmare Of
Germany hegemony of the Continent
and in the world.
The possibility of such a solution,
obviously favorable to France, ex-
plains the present opposition of the
French to the Austrian proposal.
AS it stands now the French believe
that German unity will hardly en-
dure. They also believe that the
sentiment in Austria favorable to
the proposed union is the outgrowth
of purely evanescent conditions, and
that five or ten years hence pleb-
iscite would show large majority
against a proposition which they
concede will carry now.
No thoughtful Frenchman mag
ines that if the Austrians continue
to demand union with their brethren
to the north and Germany continues
to persist as strong and united
state French opposition can perma-
nently block the completion of this
unifcation Of the German people.
The experience of Austria in Italy
less than century ago is too clear
an evidence of the impossibility of
preventing factions of the same race
to unite by any outside interference.
But the French argue that the pres
ent moment is not one in which Ger
many should receive large addi-
tion of population and thus be forti-
fled in it's national unity.
Can Prevent Union
And the French have the right
under the Treaty c. st. German to
prevent such a union. This is the
juridical fact in the matter. If Aus
tria persists and Germany assists
the French will be justified, under
the settlement of Paris and the sub
sequent agreements, to call the
League Of Nations to act, and if the
league refuses they can take the
matter into their own hands with a
fair show of justification. Right or
wrong, the law is clear in the matter.
But the case of the French is
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
A Plebiscite Soon To Be Held Will
Precipitate Situation Which
~. Must Be Faced

position would be coming to any
Austrian proposal to join such a
Rhine confederation.
From the point of view of his
tory this would restore the situation
which existed before 1866, when
Prussia drove Austria out of Ger
many, and particularly since 1870,
when Prussia was able to gather
the South Germans into her camps.
Rivalries, between North and South
Germans, between republics of the
Rhine and the balance of Germany
Prussianized, would open for French
foreign policy wide field of ma
neuver, perfectly legitimate in it.
self, and would close the door to
any new attacks by a Germany,
once more directed by Prussian mil
itariSts.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
By Frank II. Simonds

tion of the old Hapsburg
monarchy which still bears
the name of Austria should
be permitted to unite with Germany
promises to precipitate one more OF
the disputes which have been so fire.
quent since the close of the peace
conference. At the present moment
the discussion turns upon the pleb-
iscite which is to be held shortly in
Austria. But conceding, as seems
likely, that this plebiscite will show
a large majority for federation,
there still remains the question of
the attitude of the rest Of the world.
On the face of it the proposal
seems reasonable enough. The popu-
lation of that Austria which sur
wives, amounting to little more
than 100000, is almost without ex-
ception German. The plebiscite held
in the contested district Of Carin
thia the other day showed that even
there, where there was Slav ele-
nent, loyalty to Austria survived
war and the miseries incident to de-
feat. The peace conference, in fact,
whitfield German Austria down to
the lowest possible terms. What was
left was German in race and Ian
Ruage, and even the slight Slav
minority preferred Austrian asso-
citation to incorporation within the
frontiers of the new Jugo-Slav
state.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
GLANCE at the map WiU shoO the and Importance
AZ of q combined Germany and Austria

Jugo-Slavs and Czecho-Slovaks have
recently united in that little en-
tente" which has for its object in
suring all, by concerted action,
against any Hungarian effort to re-
store the old Magyar state, by re-
claiming from the three border
states the territories taken by them
in the Paris settlement. A similar
adhesion by Austria to this "little
entente" has been openly limited at.
But such an agreement, limited to-
day in it's purpose, might, to the
Italian mind, develop tomorrow into
some sort of a commercial associa-
ton, beyond which would lie the
further possibility Of an ultimate
political federation.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
The Russian Dispute

of Individual, even though wearing
marine uniform, might be conducive
to needless "discipline" Speaking
of the officers of the gendarmerie
stationed in isolated posts-all en-
listed men in the marines and loaned
to the gendarme organization-he
saws.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24

British policy now is the desire to
see peace restored on the Continent,
business resumed, some system take
the place Of the chaos which now
threatens the whole world. Like all
ether observers, British critics have
recognized and emphasized the idea
that German Austria cannot perma-
nently exist as D separate state. 1t
will starve and it will collapse into
misery and anarchy. 1t was the
head of the old Austrian monarchy,
but the head without the body can
not exist. Keynes and all who fol-
low him have long preached that
Austria should be permitted to join
Germany, indeed, that all the CEN
trail European states should be per-
mitted, nay, encouraged to seek
their natural economic position, to
be found only in tariff union with
Germany.
British and French policies have
parted company in the case of Ger
many, because the French have in
sisted upon the integral enforcement
of the Treaty of Versailles, while the
British have with increasing en-
phasis demanded a revision of the
treaty, revision downward, which
would benefit the Germans by reduc-
ing their indemnities. But in the
British mind it would similarly bene-
fit the French, by insuring their
receipt of reasonable indemnity,
end benefit the world in general by
facilitating the restoration of sound
economic conditions.
The Russian Dispute
British and French policies have
parted company over Russia for
very similar reasons. The French
insist that no Russian government
shall be recognized which does not
agree to honor the vast Russian in
debtedness to France. The British.
Lncnncerned wifi this daht nro coo1.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
Continued from preceding page)

lowers, and it gave added strength
TO the chief argument of the ras-
cally leaders-the assertion that the
Americans had come to take posses
sion of Hayti and reestablish slav-
orv
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
Economic Chaos

1t is fact recognized by all that
the Paris settlement, by violently
tearing apart the economic bonds
which united the peoples of Central
Europe, hitherto members of the
Austro- Hungarian Empire, created
an economic chaos which could not
endure. Hungary and Austria, in
any event, are incapable of existing
as separate states economically.
Czecho-Slovakia, although far more
favorably placed, finds herself de-
prived Of her old markets and de-
pendent entirely upon German ports
for her access to the sea. But a
union of all the component parts of
the old Austrian Empire, even if it
were no more than a zollverein in
the first instance, would restore the
economic situation in middle Europe.
And Italy, fearful of the Jugo-
Slavs, from of old suspicious of the
possibility of an ultimate reunion
OF all the Slav states and tribes in
one colossal empire extending from
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
Not a Modern Army

It must be admitted that the cacos
90 not constitute dangerous army
IN the modern sense of the word
Their discipline is less than embrv-
onlc, their weapons seldom better
than dangerous playthings. One
rifle to five men is the average equip
ment, and many of these are anti
quated pieces captured from the
French expeditionary force under
Leclerc that was driven from the
island more than a century ago.
Some OF them are of no more use
than the cocomacaque, or Haytian
shlllalah, even when their possessors
can obtain ammunition. Such car
trldges as fall into the hands of the
cacos are usually wrapped round and
round with paper to make them fit
the larger bore of their ancient
guns"
What, if any, excesses Of killing
haytlans will be brought out against
the marines in the Washington in
quiry is, of course, not known, but
1t is evident from the American
writer's account that extraordinary
power conveyed to the wrong sort
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
Government by the Marines in the Republic of E[ayti

gendarmerie has a strong esprit de
corps, and just pride in it's own
achievements, in spite Of being still
marines at heart. For a long time
the native gendarmes, of whom
twenty-five hundred, officered by
marine enlisted men, have been re-
cruited by our forces of occupation,
were efficient against the bandits
only when personally led by Ameri-
cans. Merely to shout the word
'Caco!' has long been sufficient to
stampede Haytian gathering of
any size. Bit by bit, however, the
gendarmes have been taught bv
practical demonstration that they
are better men than the cacos, and
the immediate job of hunting down
the bandits is gradually being
+urned over to these native soldiers.
American supervision, nevertheless,
FOR years to come will certainly be
necessary to eventual success.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
Are Race Brothers

Why, then, should the German
speaking peoples of Austria not be
permitted to join their race brothers
to the north? In the first place, be-
cause precisely this union was for
bidden under the terms of the
Treaty of St. Germain, save only
in case of the unanimous consent of
the countries comprising the League
of Nations. Such consent is not now
obtainable, because of the deter
mined opposition of the French, who
obviously possess the power Of veto
under the Paris settlement.
French opposition rests upon solid
ground, historically at least. The
French argue that the inclusion of
100000 of Austrian Germans with
ir the frontiers of the present Ger
man Reich would make good the
losses Germany suffered in the East
and West and leave Germany as
strong as she was before she aban-
doned Alsace- Lorraine to France
nd Posen and East Prussia to
Roland.
Frances Opposition
lot a few observers, who do not
aAre the French view, argue that
II Austrian Germans, who closely
rssemble politically the Germans Of
Avara and of Wurtemberg and
1&den, that is, the South Germans
q the old Hapsburg empire, would
aDrve to strengthen the influence of
&buth Germany and thus curtail the
evil and militaristic influence of
Prussia in the German state. But
the French answer to this is that so
far from succeeding in exercising
such moderating influence, Bava-
ria, Baden and Wurtemberg, be-
tween 1870 and 1914, were totally
permeated by the Austrian Ger
mans.
Here we touch once more upon
Ahe foundation stone of French pol
0y. 1t was France that was menaced
steadily by Prussianized Germany
after Prussia led Germany to wal
OF conquest and aggression in 1870
The extent Of French peril was dis
closed by the World War, and the
one indubitable gain for France
from the Allied victory must be
added security. But the French num-
Der less than 4O,O00,OO0: the Ger
mans, even after the Treaty of
Versailles, more than 60,OO0,O00;
with the addition of German-Aus-
tria they would, in no long time,
number 100000, against the
French 10000, 900, or seven to four.
Another Development
y contrast, most we'll informed
Frenchmen believe that if German
conditions continue as they now are
even for only brief time the Prus-
sian state will crumble and disin-
tegrate and the southern states will
seek a separate existence, not i'm
possibly forming some sort of
,eonfederation of the Rhine. Such
: development would be welcomed
BY the French. and no French op-
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
Imaginary Reform

But those who are most eager "a
criticize French policy should re-.
oenize that the TRANSFORMATION Of
Germany, morally, exists only in the
imagination of few so-callea H.
erals of the United States and Of
Great Britain, while the sympathy
and approval the proposed fedora.
ton excites in London and Roma
springs from the fact that such
union seems to the British and
Italians as beneficial 10 themselves
as it seems dangerous to the French
One Of the worst mistakes made
by Americans at Paris. and one of
the mistakes most frequently made
since, was in accepting the advocacy
by representatives Of other nations
OF some abstract principle. which
they accepted as sound. as an ev;.
dence of high state &C moral per.
ception- Analysed, such champion
ship Invariably disclosed a material
consideration underlying the moral
And in the same way, judgments of
the evil nature of other nations.
which seemed to be SHINING against
the light, were usually to be iden-
titled as nothing more nor less than
a criticism of similar iiledity to ma.
tional and historical conditions.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
the World Permit Union of Germany and Austria
1t Is Certain That France and Great
Britain Will Once More F ind Them
selves at Odds on the Issue

ing to open Russia to world trade,
alike because of the profit incidental
to this course and because Of what
they regard as the gain for world
order which would follow the re-
sumption Of trade with the great
Slav state.
Just as long as the United States
remained a partner in the world
firm which directed affairs from the
Armisticc of Rethondes to the sign
ing of the treaties Of Paris, British
policy prevailed, in all the major in
stances, because the British were
supported by the Americans and the
French were coerced by the threat,
always implied in our Washington
policy, that if France did not ac-
cept Anglo-Saxo advice France
would be deprived of that e. ormous
benefit incident to the Anglo-A
can treaty Of military guaranty.
France Strengthened
But when the United States ceased
to be a factor the chief weapon to
coerce France disappeared. France
and Bri ain found themselves en-
gagged in duel, for if Italy in the
main supported Britain, France
found support among many of the
small states, notably Belgium and
Poland. And the French position
was enormously strengthened by the
fact that in every instance the law
was with France. What the French
demanded did not in any case 60 be-
yond an insistence that the Treaty
of Versailles should be applied and
enforced. And this is exactly the
situation which exists in the case Of
Austria.
To get France to consent to the
modification of the Treaty of Yer
sailles or to that of st. Germain it
was always necessary to offer her
something which seemed equally
good. 1t was pot enough to argue
that either treaty was unenforce-
able; the French believed and be-
lieve the opposite. 1t was not enough
to argue that insistence upon the
application of the treaty would ruin
Germany because the French be-
lieved that failure to apply it
would ruin France.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
Favored by Italy

By contrast the policy of the
Italians is unmistakably and enthu-
siastically favorable to the Austro-
German union. Italian policy in
the matter is not dictated by any
sentiment, by the enthusiasm for the
ethnic principle or for the doctrine
of self-determinatioa. The Italians
desire to see the Austrian Germans
joined with the balance of Germany,
because such union exercises the
redeeming possibility of an ultimate
reunion of the fragments of the
Hapsburg monarchy in state which
would necessarily threaten the Ital-
ian position on the Adriatic.
1t will be observed, then, how diff
ferently personal experience inf1u-
ences the views Of Two great peoples
on the same question. France fears
a strong Germany, because all her
dangers come from the German side.
But Italy has no fear Of a pan-Ger-
man revival which will lead to a
German drive southwark to the Adri-
attic, an effort to conquer Trieste
and make it the base of German in
f1uence in the Mediterranean. What
Italy fears is not Berlin but Vienna.
for from Vienna in the past has
come all her peril.
We have seen that the Rumanians.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24

weakened by the fact that they can
expect only opposition from all Of
their recent partners in the World
War. That the United States will
take any important step in the mat
ter is unlikely, although President
Wilson at Paris seemed to advocate
bestowing upon the Austrians per-
mission to seek such federation
with Germany if they chose. Thus
the sympathy, if not the affirmative
action, of the United States govern
ment will be with the Germans and
Austrians.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24
Dangerous Work

Though the world has heard little
OF it, our caco hunters have per-
formed feats that compare with any
thing done by their fellows in
France. In fact, their work has
often required more sustained cour-
age and individual initiative. and
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24

youths scattered through the brush
Of Hayti have the future peace of
the country in their keeping.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-24

sition can only delay and cannr
permanently forbid such federatio.
if Germany continues to attract II.
Austrians and retains her present
geographical and political status
And it is equally plain that ipsjst.
ence by the French upon their right,
now will at once involve them in =
new dispute with both their Bri+,s5
and Italian allies of the rid Va
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-06-23
BRC HMOM OPENING II; t {.
I'LL. !. WAS WELL ENJOYED

One Of the most enjoyable social
affairs. of. the summer season in the
northwest was held last evening at
the Birchmont Beach Summer hotel,
when the formal opening Of the re-
sort, took place with an excellent din
ner served! between s and 8 o'clock,
followed, by an informal dancing
party from 9 until IL o'clock. 49,
The dancing was well attended and
all report most enjoyable evening.
Mrs. Charles VANS orchestra of three
pieces furnished excellent music for
the occasion. g.. !, Z !. N hssSs.
n With the formal opening Of the
most popular resort in the entire
northwest, the summer season for
Birchmont Beach is well under way.
Prospects are that there will be 9
record number Of 7? summer patrons
there this year. '2s'<s: ~ 3. y;
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-06-23

In a recent study of school attendance
in Cleveland 1t was found that 300
children were so irregulardn their at--$S
tendance at school as to interfere
with their studies, and that the reasSs
ons for staying out Of school We're
in many casts trivial. Among, for-S
:eign groups. children were kept al
home on bargain or market days To- TO-
act as Interpreters for their mothers.
4 In addition to lax school attend
ance laws three Of the Ave statesS
permit children 16 years old. and
younger to 60 to work even II they
can not read or write or have never
been to school, / Two require only
that. the child Supplying for. work shall
have gone to school for brief period.
during the proceeding year Among
the other states in the United States
523 require the comp letipn:of speci-9
fled grade, and I 2 more and thu DIS
trict of Columbia reauiresthe ability
to read and write. IL =s5x I:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-06-23
LURE THAT !: TEMPTED MANY II
Adysntursrs 40 Well as 0rsasnsrs
Sought vainiy Tor the .Fabisd d
: s. !, Fountain OF Youth. So : $

!: In that far.off. ,never-to-be-discov.
cred country In that region which has
shifted and changed just as mems
minds alter and expand. IN that mys.
tic Btmini was thought to be the
spring which, II tasted by mortals,
would assure them immortal youth.
On that island dubbed i fountain
whose waters healed all manner Of
sickness. n 5stz 81
The lure Of the Fountain Of Youth
seized upon, not only the dreamer. but
caught the fancy Of the bold adven-
turer. Ponce de Leon, and the redoubt-
able De Soto sought to taste Of its life
giving fluid, and It Is perhaps the
mystery and wonder. coupled with de-,
sire, that brought about the discovery,
not Of the fountain, but Of that part
Of our country known as Florida.
It was on the 9th day Of March,
1913, that Ponce de Leon sighted land
which he thought was an island. On
April 8, which was Easter Sunday, he,
took possession of the country in the
name Of the king Of Spain and called
1t Pascua Florida In honor Of the day.
he explored the. country and was
obliged to battle with the Indians, and
after many adventures, which inciud-
ed another voyage in 1921 to found q
colony. this intrepid navigator sue
cumbed to q wound inflicted by saw.
age, and died while his vessel was
making for the island Of Porto Rico.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-06-23
oRcUP1HEl; CAME HERE :. i. )
.s.#". FOR ELECTION RETURNS

i In the wee hours Tuesday morning
when telephone lines We're being kept
busy in an attempt to secure the early
returns from, the primary election, a
porcupine, evidently curious as to
how the vote was going, came into
the city and passed thru several OF
the main streets and along in front
of the Pioneer Office. 1t. is not known
from which direction it entered the
city, but it was driven from the main
streets into the alley between Bel
tfami avenue and Minnesota avenue
connecting Fourth and Fifth streets.
It did not appear to be frightened in
the least by pedestrians or passing
cars. h&&%:' --.'. g. -s.@j
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-06-23
MAD CAlDDAC !.
CONTINUES TO BOB UP
(By United Press.)

San Francisco, June % HaroId
JAG obs The McAdoo candidacy,
bearing marks Of rough treatment
and with the irrevocable brick stlll
tied about its neck, was back from
its premature watery grave today and
meowing as loudly as ever about the
democratic back door. g.. 49, !, r NJ ;. II
III Every time its tormentors c0nslgn
it to death; and hisincludes William
G. McAdoo himself, the candidacy
lust naturally turns up again and its
friends and protectors unpack the
pullmotor, shoot al little oxygen into
It.. and it is as good AZ new. A&sss:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-06-23
AFTERNOON. AND EVENING 3.5 I
+ - ~ DANCE ON JULY FIFTH

Under the auspices Of the Ralph
Oracle post Of the American Legion q
dance will be held at the Armory in
connection with the Independence
Day program on July S, during the
entire afternoon and evening. 4, &
Concessions have been secured by
the local post for soft drinks and can
dies to be sold at the ,Armory. Good
music will Oe provided for the occa-
sion and: 1t is expected that this
feature will be one of sa..e most en-
.joyable events for the younger people.