davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1920-04-19

liz 1ACI century,, Wnen the papaI Q~2creeS,
and false decretals were bound up with
the Decretuna OF G%rdtIGm, a monk of
Italy. The sanctity of marriage is Of
special interest at the present moment,
it has been invaded in America by the
laxlty Of a social standard that has allow.
ed during the last 35 years nearly one
million cases OF divorce in the United
States alone. 1t has been invaded afresh
Oy the papacy, which proposes to annuI
al mixed marriages of Romans with
Erotestants, and, in consideration OF the
uSual money payment, allowed the Duke
Oh AOsta to marry h own niece. If we
attentiVely consider "Follower's'' letter,
we might be led to imagine that the
I1U2ng UO5ceS" of the Church are almost
tiercely fanatical.
What constitutes narriaQe it would be
difficult exactly to define. This very
TACT alone is proof that marriage is a
thing OF so general institution that it
accommodates itself to local and racial
views OF It's import as a sacrament. It
cannot. therefore, be dependent upon
the Church's sanction for validity.
Adam was in one sense in the marriage
state, before the Fall. Even then, in
his slnleSS state, we are told. it was not
good for man to be alone. In the 10th
S0LtQ1y, marriage Was Regarded DIV the
compilers of Articles and Hom5iI5es,
Church of England (artjcJe ky 30
$50, 446. ed 0T0n. 184O) as no sacrament,
but as a state of life allowed in the
scriptures. In the 18th century Black
stone defined marriage as essentially
consisting in the mutual and free consent
OF both parties to the contract. 1t is
true, 1t is an ordinance of God. So is
every other contract. God commands me
to keep it when | have made it. Among
the Jews, under the Old and New Testa-
ment, as in the notable instance of st.
Joseph, and St. Mary, est. Matthew 1.
l8.)--no theocratic ordinance was ever
considered necessary to ratify the mutual
consent Of the parties.
At first, from the necessity of the
case marriage was without any res
friction other than those which the law
OF nature in its moral consciousness de
termined as being immoral. That is 10
say, there were no restrictions imposed
A6 eGtr0. Thus Cain married his SIS
ter, which afterwards became the ira
dition Of the Egyptian and Abyssinian
Kings, was a necessity which afterwards
excited the horror even Of the heather.
While Follower may feel himself in
some sort still affected by the ruling of
unrepealed and MEDEAV AL CANON
LAWS, yet disobedience to a canon
law, does not lpSo facto involve ex-
communication in this obsolete town.
Yours etc
, 1920-04-19
CORRECTION

In The local section Of Saturdays is
sue, 4th. item, 14th line from the top, the
date mentioned should read March 18th,
instead of April.
, 1920-04-19

Frederiksted, 18th April 1920.
The Guiana" and >"Korona' arrived
this morning at 6 o'clock.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-03-03
GOLD DEPOSITS IN SIBERIA
Land Known to Be Enormously Rich
Awaiting Development Under q
Stable Government.

Some time in the future. when the
life Of Siberia follows an orderly
course under a stable government,
there will doubtless be development
Of the gold resources Of the Okhotsk
district. where, so 1t has been said,
the ''rivers have golden bottoms" Gold
Is being mined in the Okhotsk district,
hut only in q primitive fashion. Last
winter "zolotnik" of gold. or, In
English, .137147 ounce troy, was worth
20 rubles, but 1t has now risen IN
value In the present currency of Rus
STA to about 100. Even in a primitive
way many Of the deposits are not be-
ing worked, and the method by which
some Of the gold Is exported to ia
pan is equally primitive. A Japanese
vessel with q fishing concession comes
from Japan loaded with articles for
trade. and these are exchanged for
furs and gold. The fishing vessel then
returns to Japan. carrying the gold
and furs It has received for its mer-
chandfse. With mining carried on sys-
tematically gold-producing region
that covers hundreds Of square miles
would be yielding the precious metal,
but such operations are Of course out
of the question until stable govern.
ment is established.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-03-03
!N&A3 }6fESS&

Soil makes a good winter protection
for grapevines. T.
Take all precautions possible TO
prevent winter killing Of fruit trees.
Now Is the time to lay down berry
bushes and cover them with earth for
wintering.
Trim and lay down the grapev1nes
ready for covering as soon as the
ground begins to freeze.
- 4
Don't fail to cultivate the young
orchard as you would one Of your reg
ular farm crops, as this is quite es-
sential.
Trees must be cared for In their
young years in order to be a source OF
profit to us when they become OF a
hearing age.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-03-03
WHEN SEWING FOR LDSEN
Let the Youngsters Help ChoOse
CoIors and Styles for Their
Clothes.

Children's styles change so slightly
that trying to give advice to the moth
er who is planning a sewing session is
rather difficult task. The best adj
vice, really. is to study the figure ana
general style of the child for whom
a dress is intended and make it just
as becoming to her particular type as
it can be made.
The guimpe dress is perennial ia
vorite and it is one of the most sensi'
bic. as several separate waists OF
white and different colored material
may be made to 60 with each dress
at comparatively trifling expense.
One lesson that mothers of small
daughters are learning is to permit
the child to take an active part In de-
termining the color and general style
of her own clothes. Time was when
children were given no voice In this all
important matter. Their clothes were
selected for them and their part was
merely to wear those clothes. A child
may be made genuinely unhappy by be-
luS cOAupeIIeu " wear VI oSS ~ A'~s
that she does not like and does not
consider becoming. and certainly 1t
is not too much to give reasonable con-
sideration to their preferences.
Allowing the little girl to have
voice in the selection Of her ward
robe trains and educates her taste In
dress for years that are ahead and, AZ
every one knows, being well and suit
ably dressed is a big business and so
"'sl asset.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-03-03
X x Xxx ft< x ~ X x x T.
X BAGLEY X

+ 4 + + + 4 4 4 \ 4 r 4 4 = \ =
(Too late for last week.
Leslie Spicer visited with friends
here Sunday.
Fred Dennis, accompanied by his
wife, visited in our city Sunday, at
tending to legal matters and renew
ing the friendships OF an old class
mate, VIM. McGlennon.
A. Moran left Tuesday for his
home at Grand Forks, for a few days
visit.
Mrs. Art Fullen and two children
arrived here Tuesday, being called
here by the serious illness of her
father, Nels Nelson.
Martin Kittleson spent Tuesday in
our midst. While here he gave talk
before the High school, upon the
value of Boys and Girls club work,
and organized the clubs
Mrs. Ludwig Holm and Miss Berdie
Hanson from Shevlin spent Tuesday
here having dental work done.
J. B. Steffenson, former a resi-
dent here, but now employed in the
Rock Island Plow Co., called on his
customers Wednesday.
l.. w. Larson, Lewis Lohn, S. S.
Stadsvold of Fosston, attended the
directors meeting of the First Ma
tional bank here Tuesday.
Miss Julia Peterson was Bemidji
visitor between trains SATURDAY.
! Miss Stella Bergland Of Clearbrook
arrived here Saturday and is now
employed by the .BagNv Mercantile
Co. = +
Mr.. and Mrs. LINER Lewis are the
happy parents of a brand new boy,
born on Sunday morning., teb. %.
! Albert Wiltse arrived Wednesday
for a. weeks visit at his home here
| Ed Wright arrived from Shevlin
Wednesday, where he visited at the
Wrench home.
| A son arrived at the home of Mr.
and Mrs. George Hanson Monday
morning.
I Miss Carlson, representative of the
Northwestern School Supply Co..
visited the public schools Wednesday
The local. High school quintette
journeyed - Crookston Saturday
where it put up good battle against
the Erskine five. 1t was swift and
speedy game, both teams showing
skillful playing. AT the end Of the
first half the game closed with a
score of IS to 8, in favor Of Erskine
Then the locals huckled down and
lied the score and held it to wit hin
three minutes Of the end. In the
last three minutes the Ersktne team
made three points and ended the
game with a score of % to "a in
favor of Erskine.
The boys put up good clean fight
and are not at all put out by this
defeat. They were Inconvenience
by the small hall they were Obliged
to play in. They will again face
Erskine on the home floor Friday,
and they expect to win decisive
victory.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-03-03

services of the Adams brothers who
scored heavily at Stockholm but Will
liam Taylor OF Ohio, the winner in
the inter-allied games, should fill the
vacancy.
Pole vaulting is almost strictly on
American event and our inter-colle-
giate winners of this year together
with Foss, the new record holder,
ought to bring our colors to the top
of the Antwerp stadium.
Weights Doubtful.
Then comes the weight throwers.
Here is where we may run up against
it. In the hammer throw and Sc Id.
weight our chances are rosy with
such performers as McGrath, the
present champion, and Ryan, the rec
ord holder. Also we have the veteran
Mcdonald in the shot put, but 1t
seems that Finland has some excel
lent performers in Niklander, who
was third at Stockholm, and Taipale.
Both of these men have improved and
Mcdonald will have to be in. his 1912
form to be returned victor.
The discus and javelin events must
almost be conceded to the Films ana
Swedes as our performers are not
quite up to their standards or rec
ords.
Our all around athletes VINO may
represent US in the Pentathlon also
might have their difficulties although
LeGendre and Georgetown seems the
equal of any European thus far pro-
duced.
The marathon race, considered the
feature of the Olympic meet, Is the
most uncertain of all. There has not
been good CONSTANT marathonel
produced in this country since the
last games and it would be hazardous
to predict possible winner, although
the Swedes and Firms seem to>foste1
this branch Of sport to a greater ex'
tent than the other countries. +
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-03-03

HORNET
+ 4 4 + = = = = Z + = y
Tim late for last Weakl

(Too late for last weekly
Among those who were in Black
duck on Monday were George Wood
ward and Forslen Gronseth.
Henry Latterell Of Kelliher called
at the home of Robert Shaw, on Mon
day morning.
Preaching services were held by
Rev. 4. O.Odegaard at the Murray
school Monday night.
Mrs. Frank Segersteen and baby
have been away to see her mother,
who has been very i'll.
Mrs. William Moon has returned
home from taking care of the little
Hagen hoy, who lives near Black
duck.
Sam Ellis has been quite i'll at his
home during the past week.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-03-03

"What 70 the ballerina kicking
aboutr'
'"Says the dancing art has gone to
grass"
"Oh, well. this Hawaiian craze will
have its day.""-Louisville Courier
Journal.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-03-03
CARING FOR, YOUNG ORCHARD
Clean Cultivation conserves Moisture
and Keeps Weeds pown-eese
for Peaches.

The best method Of growing a young
apple orchard, and by all means a
peach orchard, is by clean cultivation.
This conserves the moisture and keeps
the weeds down. Peach trees will re-
spond to intensive cultivation more
than any other tree. It is useless to
plant a peach tree and not cultivate it.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-01-31

to the freezing waters at the lower
end. Ten or twelve persons were piled
there in heap for time, while Others
were caught in their berths
Several of the men in the car with
the porter set to work to rescue the
others and by clearing the way for
some to climb out and passing the wo-
men up through the bridge above man
aged to get all to safety. One elderly
woman was taken out in scanty dress
almost unconscious from the cold. A
man sustained severe cuts when he
broke a window to extricate his daugh-
ter from her berth. Other passengers
suffered bruises and others were frost
bitten and all told more than a score
required treatment.
The two sleeping cars in the rear of
car 90 were derailed, but held to the
bridge and their passengers, although
shaken up escaped the chilling expert
ences of those in the car ahead. The
Montreal express was being hauled by
two engines. The locomotives with
first car of train crossed the bridge
safely.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-01-31
MANY FEATURES
IN INDOOR CIRCUS
Circulars Mailed to Members of Wheel
Club Concerning Performance
Next Tuesday Evening.

Circulars We're mailed yesterday to
members of the Vermont Wheel club
urging them to attend the original indoor
circus, which will be held Tuesday night,
Feb. 3, and plans for which are com
pleted with the exception of some minor
details.
The program, which has been arranged
TO suit all tastes, calls for vaudeville per
formers, clowns, Leitsinger's circus
band, trained and man-eating animals,
sharks, sideshows, midway, lunch count
ers, freaks, etc, Is A Belle Arnold. ami
NAL circus, Pietro, master aecordianist,
entertainer and trick pianist; Teddy, the
wrestling Austrian bear; Reta Murrie.
peppy" entertainer; Gangler and his
educated pony, Midget; Jane Golding, the
singing Russian yiolinist with program
of popular hits; and a number of other
attractions.
Tickets may be secured from the stew
ard at the club, Fenton's Mems shop, c..
l.. Stlckney or II. II. Harwood, and mem
bers are urged to secure their tickets in
advance in order to avoid the rush at the
door, which will not be opened until 73O
o'clock, the rooms being closed at noon
to arrange the production. The circus
starts at s o'clock, sharp.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-01-31
KEPT MARRIAGE
SECRET TWO MONTHS
Bride, Who Was Miss bessie e. worden
Announced it Last Night-Em-
ployed by Telephone Co.

Miss bessie Emily Worden, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Walter L. Worden of
this town, and Raymond Howard Bou-
telle, son of Mr.. and Mrs. William II.
Boutelle of Sturbridge, Mass, were
married Nov. 28 in Southbridge, Mass.
Rev. Charles R. Tenney. pastor of the
Universaist church there, performing
the ceremony. The bride who has been
employed as operator in the local tel
ephone exchange the past eight years,
kept her marriage a secret until last
evening. when she announced it to her
friends in the exchange. She will fin
ish work for the company in a few
weeks and will go to Southbridge to
join Mr.. Boutelle. She is a graduate
of the Brattleboro high school in the
class of 1912, and shortly after her
graduation accepted position in the
telephone exchange
Mr.. Boutelle has position with
the American Optical company in
Southbridge. He is a graduate of the
high school in that town, also of Will
liston academy in Easthampton, Mass.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-01-31
Suffer from Frost
Bites = Men and Porter
Get All Women Out of
Car-AbOut a Score Re-
quire Treatment = One
Man Badly Cut While
Rescuing Daughter-TwO
More Sleeping Cars . De-
rallied, But Not Over
turned

BURLINGTON, jan 31.-Passengers
on the Montreal express of the Rut-
land railroad bound from New York
and Boston were thrown from their
beds into the icy waters early today
when three sleeping ears were derailed
near the Grand Isle North Hero bridge
at Hibbard s bay.
One Of the sleepers toppled over the
bank into Lake Champlain. The es-
cape of its occupants was remarkable,
but their condition when they were
taken from the water was such that
more than a score required treatment.
The mercury was at 80 degrees below
zero. The passengers saved only their
night clothing.
When car, No. 90, was derailed
all of the sleeping passengers were
thrown from their berths into the car
corridor, which with the car on end be-
came chute down which they fell in
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-01-31
JONES NOT GUILTY
IS JURY'S VERDICT
Acquitted Last Night of Charge of Set
ting Bear Trap Without Putting
Proper Guard Around It.

That Mason Jones of Jamaica, whose
trial on the charge of setting a bear
trap contrary to the provisions of the
statutes was begun in the municipal
court yesterday forenoon, was not
guilty was the verdict of the jury, re-
turned about 7.30 O'Clock last night.
The jury took the case about 6.15 and
in about an hour they sent word to
Judge A. Z. Cudworth that they could
not agree. The court sent word to
Foreman ii. A. Staten that they could
come in if they insisted upon it but
that he should send them back again
In about Is minutes they came in and
reported verdict of not guilty, and
the court discharged the respondent.
County Fish and Game Warden E.
H. Metcalf, whose investigations re-
suited in the complaint against Mr..
Jones by State IS Attorney E. w. Glib
son, gave his direct evidence Yesterday
forenoon, as reported in The Reformer
yesterday. In the afternoon he was
cross examined by Attorney Neil D.
Clawson for the respondent. He was
the principal witness of the day.
Other state witnesses were Deputy
Wardens Pierce of South Londonderry
and Pratt of Newfane and Photogra-
pher B. A. Crown of Brattleboro. The
only witness for the defense was Doug
las Forester of Stratton.
Referring to the text of the statute
which begins, GA person who sets or
causes to be set,' Attorney Clawson
argued that the state had not produced
any evidence to show that Mr.. Jones
set or caused to be set the trap which
the warden and his deputies found set
in Stratton Oct. %, several davs after
the same trap had been identified and
claimed by Mr.. Jones as his. 1t was
argued by Attorney Clawson that the
trap might have been sold by Mr.. Jones
and set by somebody else. States At
torney Gibson argued that the evidence.
while circumstantial, left no doubt that
Mr.. Jones set the trap, as he had done
for years according to the testimony of
Mr.. Forester
The photographs showed that
guard, which the warden called a
bluff" guard, had been put up, al
though the state claimed it offered no
Iprotection whatever to domestic ami
mails.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-01-31
EXPLOSION KILLS
CHILD INSTANTLY
Hot Water Front in Home
of Lucius w. Adams
Blows Out
PHILIP CUTTING
STRUCK IN HEAD
Flying Piece of Iron Fractures Skull -
Wood Fire Built in Kitchen Range
Short Time Before Accident - Pipes
Probably Frozen.

Philip Cutting, 4, son of Mrs. Gladys
Cutting of this village, was killed in
stantly about $50 o'clock this morning
in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Lucius w.
Adams on the lower West Dummerston
road, where he had been cared for the
past year.
Mr.. Adams built a wood fire in the
kitchen range and about Is minutes
later, while he and the Cutting boy were
in the room, there was a terrific explo-
sion of the hot water front, presumably
caused by frozen water pipes. A piece of
iron from the stove struck the lad back
OF his left ear, fracturing the skull
DIR. Harry 2. Greene was called and on
his arrival stated~ that death probably
was instantaneous. Mrs. Cutting, who
came here from Putney, and who is
housekeeper at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
Edwin L. Hildreth, was notified of the
accident and went to the Adams home at
once.
The force of the explosion was such
that the range wds a wreck. one window
was broken, hole was made in the cell
ing and the walls of the kitchen are dam
aged.
Besides his mother the boy leaves a
sister, Ramona, 5, who lives with her
grandmother, Mrs. Eugene Howe, in Put
ney
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-01-31
FIRE SIGNALS MAY
NOT BE ACCURATE
Motor Generator Ordered by Village
May Not Come for Months
Needed to Strengthen System.

The village commissioners have re-
ceived letter from the Gamewell Fire
Alarm Telegraph Co. of Boston saying
that the motor generator which they
recently ordered may not be delivered
for months on account of The condition
that exists among manufacturers of
electrical cOntrivances, who are prom
ising no deliveries inside nine months
or year. The village needs this gem
orator to strengthen the local fire
alarm system and until it arrives there
is no certainty that either bell or
whistle viii sound accurately.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-01-31
SEVEN BURN TO DEATH.
Fire Destroys Fifteen Temporary Resi-

PITTSBURGH, Jan. 3l.-Seven per-
sons are known to have been burned to
death early today when fire famed by a
high wind destroyed Is temporary resi-
dences occupied by employees of the Car
negie Steel Cos plant at Clarion, Is
miles from Pittsburgh. An office build
ing also was consumed. The fire, be-
lieved to have started in building used
as a kitchen, destroyed the l5 structures
within is minutes.
More than 100 occupants of the houses,
which were one-story frame buildings,
were forced to flee in scanty attire. As
soon as the fire had burned itself out
firemen started search of the ruins and
within a few minutes seven bodies had
been recovered
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-01-31
is BoSToN'S sHARPEST.
Mercury Went Eight Below There
Northfeld Officially "a Below.

BOSTON, Jan. 3l.-This city expert
eneed the sharpest weather of the win
ter today with the mercury at eight be-
low and a northeast wind blowing strong.
There was only slight rise during the
morning, the temperature remaining sew
eral degrees below zero at noon. This
was in contrast of maximum of az above
yesterday. Greenville, Me-, with 2S be-
low and Northfield Vt, with "a below
were the lowest official readings in
northern New England.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-01-31
GRAHAM TRIAL
HALTS OVER SUNDAY
Necessary to Secure Some
Papers From His Home
In Craftsbury
GOVERNORS LETTER
TO THE TREASURER
Did Not Pay Back Certain Sums That
Had Been Inspected and Passed By
Proper Authorities-Hope to Finish
Next Week.
Special to The Reformer.)

r.
MONTPELIER, Jan. 81.
The Graham trial was adjourned at
8 0 clock this morning until o clock
Monday afternoon without any testi-
mony being offered today 1t had been
hoped counsel could agree on certain
points which would avoid making a
trip to Craftsbury to secure documents
and cancelled checks at Mr. Graham's
home. No agreement was reached and
Mr.. Graham left this morning by way
of st. Johnsbury and Hardwick. He
will return tomorrow.
1t is believed Mr. Graham will be
the last witness for the defense. The
cross-examination of Mr.. Graham. to
be conducted by Attorney General
Archibald, is not expected to be a pink
tea affair
The following is the text of the let
ter deposited by Mr. Graham with
State Treasurer Scott on August "a,
1918 at the time the check for Sill
lO507 was left aud which was held un-
til November at the request of Mr.
Deavitt:
81 hand you herewith check for $11,-
105-07. This is to cover the balances
of all advances to me as auditor of ac-
counts since July /, 1908, and not here
tofore returned to the state treasurer
or vouchered for in the office of the au-
ditor of accounts and is what | un-
derstand to be the amount claimed by
the proper officials as due.
Il purposely refrain at this time
from paying the 81 100 recently called
to my attention by the auditor of ac-
counts. Mr.. Gates, and pertaining to
the first four years of my accounts as
auditor of accounts, because | feel sure