davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19
Would CriSscrosS World
With Conversation Currents

1T would not be necessary" said DIR. De
Forest quantity, "for an operator standing
in the over at Arlington 80 to send wave
around the world which he could hear at
the back OF his own head after that interest
ing passage. If we succeed in that period In
getting ten or twelve thousand miles with
ease and clearness, We will be able to criss-
cross this old world with currents Of CONVEX
sation.
Il should think that a current of fifty to
one hundred kilowatts to the antenna would
be enough to accomplish this result. The
condition Of the atmosphere and other fac
tors must also be considered. The demon
STATIONS which have been given by the large
companies hitherto have been regardless OF
expense and much is to be done before the
wireless telephone will be available for prac-
teal commercial use to subscribers and
patrons. who can use II for business and
social purposes.
The great difficulty, Of course, is to secure
the proper modulations which will carry the
human voice easily and distinctly over long
distances, not under ideal conditions, but
under practical service conditions.
There Is no doubt In my mind that the
large companies by taking especial care can
repeat the results which they have already
obtained, for by the use of a small amateur
instrument made by my company telephone
conversation sent from the New-Jersey coast
was distinctly heard by another amateur in
Scotland There is much still to be done in
this art, but hard work and patient research
will doubtless give the required results before
the end OF the first quarter OF the present
century"
DR.. Alfred N. Goldsmith, the director OF
the Radio laboratory OF the College of the
City of New York. takes such a hopeful view
of the future of radio telephony that in
recent number OF the Wireless Age he dis
cusses with possible subscribers the best way
of getting their wireless numbers.
"A very natural question:" he writes.
(which the individual user Of the wireless
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19
Rush to Resume Studies After the War Caus-
ing Overcrowding, Followed by
Slump in Enrolment

gray and bare. and its whole being enough
to sicken the heart and set a man from
Gods country sobbing-but that Is another
story.
The practical effect OF all this desoation
in France was to turn the plant qualities
Of the doughboy's nature away from idealisrn
into the channels Of materialism. The tenn
per Of his thought was torn from a contem-
plation of the future to black realization OF
the present. Concrete things became the
big things OF an immediate existence. Not
knowing how long he would live, anyway, the
soldier was willing timber for pessimism.
When he returned this changed outlook
on life was not something to be shaken off
in moment. First, he sought his studies,
not as panacea but as an antidote. But
going back to school served only as n
quick process by which he learned the
changes in his mode Of thinking His next
step was TO abandon books TO go out where
there was something more tangible being ac-
complished. Having passed from youth OF
obstructive thinking into a MANHOOD Of con-
crete, mundane jolts he felt no imperative
desire to retrace
Restlessness and a new mental view. how
ever, were not all that kept the ex-soldier
from continuing his education. In fact, IL IL
TO be doubted whether in most cases the
subject was analysed to any degree from
this angle. An overshadowing factor is that
which finds its basis on economic grounds
the increased costs that 20 with education
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19

las regards the cost of a radfophone mes
sage to far distant cities, this will naturally
depend on a number of things which cannot
be measured to-day. The further the mes
sage may be carried by wire lines to the
radiophone the more expensive it will be-
And the further the radiophone stations send
1t over the oceans and the seas the greater
will be the cost. The time of the day and
the speed with which the connection is de-
manded will also have to be considered.
IF man is willing to telephone during
the slack period late in the evening or early
in the morning he will probably get reduced
rates At any rate, 1t is clear that the radio
phone should not be used for casual gossip
between Chicago and Melbourne. On the
other hand. it is likely that the rates for "a
three minutes talk between London, Paris,
Rome and any of the greater European cap
itals from the chief American cities will be
well within reason and entirely worth while
If important matters are to be handled OF
course the chief users of the radiophone will
be the larger commercial interests and the,
banking houses. Their business Is handled
at high speed and on short notice and by
competent men. in effect speaking face to
face. There will be. however. many other
uses of the radiophone which are less Spec
tacular."
Experts are of the opinion that special
arrangements will have to be made to give
the wireless telephone a good chance to get
its messages over without too much inter-
ruption by the wireless telegraph It has
therefore been proposed that two hours a
day be especially designated for the RADIO
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19
High Overhead Costs
Also Must Be Figured

In calculating the cost OF wireless tele-
phone service, the question OF the overhead
expense Of the stations and the investment
in them must be considered with care. The
original cost of the powerful station at New
Brunswick was only 5000 900, but the altera-
tons and experimentation there ran the ex-
penses of installation up to $1.000.000. In
these days a we'll equipped station for work
of high power might very easily run up to
81 10000
The operators for the wireless telephone
would be of about the same training ard
experience as those who use the wireless at
sea- In the technical sense, the wireless
telephone operator does not exist in enough
numbers to be within the pale OF the labor
unions. He or she would command 5000 a
month, with board and lodging, as such
operators would be at distant stations where
there would be a moderate relief from the
Jar and jangle Of the city. Such operators
would be entrusted with keeping open the
communication with numbers overseas.
It is estimated that for the manning of
smaller stations and sets that an operator
fairly competent could be obtained for $50
q week. There are such now in the employ
Of corporations operating their own sets,
whose duty 1t is to talk clearly and distinctly
for executives who cannot quite project their
voices over the brush and tangle. They also
have charge of the apparatus and are en-
trusted with certain Office details.
All signs are pointing to the practical
working out of the details Of wireless tele-
phony, both as to apparatus and to per-
sonnet and soon, for such representations
cannot fail, the timbre of the aerial Hello"
will be heard the world around.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19
Colleges Failing to Hold Returned Soldier Students

students taking the straight college studies.
who outnumber the others. but not to any
great extent. Many of them are planning 10
become doctors, others lawyers, still others
architects. In standard colleges and univer-
sites the requirement for these studies ranges
from Ave to seven years medical student
cannot well begin practice without six or
seven years preparation.
The law and most of the other professional
courses are shorter than the medical one,
but still the increase In actual expense and
the loss Of possible earnings mount to Il
point that has made many an ex-service
student turn back.
With these things in mind the ex-soldisrs
have not found II easy to take up the thread
where II was broken. Furthermore, man
at twenty-six or twenty-seven begins to
count his years.
THE reason dropped out Of college"
said an ex-service man, who served In France
with the Thrty-nfth Division, Kansas and
Missouri, and is now in New York. was not
because of costs. My father had plenty Of
money. I tried going back to school after
being overseas, but 1t proved fizzle.
study? Why 1 could dig a ditch better
than I could study. 1 would sit down to read
a book and after sitting there for two hours
would know little more about what I had
seen in it's pages than IL 1 hadn't read them
at all.
when I left college to go into service
could get lesson In history with one read
ing When I returned ! couldn't do II. 1
would take Ave readings for the same lesson
and know a lot less about It, That's one
thing the service did to me.
but the worst OF 1t all was that seldom
got through the FIVE readings. was con-
tinually fretted by a restlessness which
had never felt before"
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19
Radio Telephony Soon to Be in General Use

telephone of the future will desire to have
answered is How shall / send telephone
message to Mr.. William Brown of London d?
And what will it cost?' 1t is fortunately
possible to answer some of these questions
fairly definitely to-day.
"All that Mr.. Smith will have to do in Now
York to talk to Mr.. Brown of London will be
to take his telephone off the hook and ask
either for Radio Long Distance, or for the
number Of the special high power radio tele-
phone transmitting station which will carry
his voice across the Atlantic. AS soon as he
gets the long distance radio station he will
be asked by the operator to whom he wishes
to speak. &
ION getting the name and the address of
the man in London he will be told Hang UP
your receiver, please; you will be called
when the party Is ready In a few minutes
the telephone bell will ring and ne will be
told, Your party is ready; go ahead please
and he will be In touch with his correspon-
dent in London.
ut will not be necessary for him to leave
his Office or his home. or wherever he hap
desires. Every telephone subscriber will be-
come automatically subscriber for the radio
telephone without further expense or trouble
on his part
"As regards the connection itself. it is
certain that the speech will be clear and
easily understood. There may be a little
difficulty about the language when a SUD-
scriber in Rio de Janeiro talks with a sub
scriber in Vladivostok but this cannot be
blamed on the radio telephone.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19

The foregoing table represents the costs
TO neither an extravagant nor a misery stu
dent. The former could spend much more
than the amount estimated. for the latter
II would be much less. These are the figures
for an average student
But in estimating the costs Of his educa-
ton the student finds he must include
other items. For an example, it can be as
sumed that he has two more years to go
before graduation. 1t may be figured that
his earning capacity for the two year period
would be $4,000. Adding the actual expense
OF going TO college, which 10 $1,000, II Is
found that TO get those coveted two years the
student must reconcile himself 70 total cost
Of about s5,304.
The estimate that has been made is for
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19

frost bitten potatoes and these for sale at
almost the same price as the diamonds they
had replaced.
The circulation of books is as carefully
controlled as the circulation of dangerous
drugs.
Shakespeare is popular and Shakespearian
plays which have not been produced since
the time of Queen Elizabeth are now to be
seen on the stage Of Moscow.
Why. indeed, should not the handful of
desperate adventurers who have conquered
Russia by their ideas evolve, with the sup
port of international capital. into ruling
caste. even as the dsreputable freebooters
who conquered England in 1866 by their
swords evolved into perfectly respectable
people?
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19
Notes From Soviet Russia

Corruption never was so rampant as now
Bolsheviks believe that British rule in
India is undermined and that 1t will go
down with a crash
There are astonishing resemblances be-
tween Bolshevism and Puritanism.
Moscow is the dead heart of a burnt out
civilization.
''Tea" is made out of hot water and dried
carrot scrapings.
The Polish churches In Russia are calm
asylums for the sane in country which has
gone mad.
In Moscow shop windows as large and
as stylish as the best in Regent street
have seen nothing in the window save n
small patefu of carrots or about a dozen
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19

phone work. so that the operators may have
a clear field. When all the air is vibrant
with the sparks of the wireless from ship
and shore the voice waves should have SOME
special season dedicated to them alone. This,
however, is a detail which can easily De
adjusted
There are now ways Of transferring the
wireless telephone message to the wires and
hence into the very Office and home Of the
subscriber to the ordinary phone that there
is no problem in that direction. One OF the
most interesting wireless feats, indeed, was
negotiated from the offices Of the telegraph
company at 15 Dey street, where nearly
hundred persons were listening to wireless
talks caught up on a land wire and conveyed
to them.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19
What We Seemed to Promise
Is Remembered by Europe

When there Is an evident enthusiasm in
Europe for American membership in the
league on any terms. with any "reserva-
tons" that the Senate in its wisdom may
choose to append to the treaty Of Versailles,
IL Is because in the back Of every European
mind Is the memory Of what America seemed
to promise during the Paris conference.
When one reads. as one must daily. Of the
European prayer for American participation
In the task of world reconstruction. one must
perceive that what is expected OF us is a
continuation under other leadership OF the
policies which Europe learned to accept as
American during President Wilson's stay in
Paris. Among these policies the cancellation
OF debts and the pooling of economic re-
sources are only two, but two which at the
present moment have very great interes
for Americans. American activity In Armenia
is a third, as the Geneva conference plainly
indicated.
One is struck in Washington again and
again by the easy fashion in which things
said and done by President Wilson in Paris
are dismissed as no more than personal.
since they have In the end failed to win the
sanction Of the Senate. Legally this Is true
beyond debate. But what Is not appreciated
in the American capital is the degree TO
which these Presidential declarations were
accepted in Europe and the measure In
which they survive even the decisive poll i,al
events in the United States in recent months.
And in this direction lie not few OF the
problems of the future II the new Admins
tration shall decide upon American member.
ship I'm the existing league on any terms
whatsoever.
COPYRIGHT 1920. bv the Mcclure Newspaper
Syndicate.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19

TIME college classes this winter lack In
an amazing degree students who
u dropped their books In 1917 to enter
the service of their country.
Two ex-doughboys, who had last seen each
other in a hospital in France. were talking
Finishing school?" one OF them asked
Nope" answered the other
"why?"
Dunno. Funny thing, isn't Il? sure
intended to last time I saw you. but--well,
you know how IL is. other things got me-
His reasons which the former Fighter
puts under the heading OF "Other things.
are definite and concrete. Most former SER
vice men have not taken the time to analyse
them.
Enrolment at the colleges a year ago
swelled TO a startling extent. Class rooms
were TANNED TO capacity. Extra classes OF
all sorts had to be established to accommo-
date the overflow. This situation was due
largely to a backflow OF students who had
been called from their studies to the training
camps and battlefieids.
Gradually during the year this over
crowded condition In the college and univer-
sity classes lessened There was failing
away, a reaction no one took the trouble TO
explain. The matriculation this winter re-
vealed about normal number In the classes
again. That is number about equal 10
that attending the colleges when the United
States entered the war. School reports show
that the former service men have dropped
out
Back OF this new situation lie two con-
sderations. One has arisen from the peculiar
mental condition In which the new civilian
found himself and the other from principle
Of sound economies
village in France was dead thing It's
streets were black and desolate. its homes
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19
Uncle Sam AS Europes Santa Claus Is Idea at Geneva

his request, long memorandum on this
subject. But nothing can be done 80
long as the subject is not explained ex-
haustively to the American people, who
have no conception of it, and 1 see no
one except the President who has the
necessary authority to educate the coun-
try in this matter. But he can only UNI
dertake this job when the treaty itself
has been ratified.
"'For the moment it is necessary to be
patient If you try to go too fast you
will only provide the opponents OF the
treaty with another weapon, and that is
ALL"
of War Debts
Acceptable to Tardieu and Lamon
After brief comment on side issue NJ
Tardieu continues:
I'm the following June had many
conversations with Col. House and Mr..
Lamont on the same subject. We knew
that we could not go from words TO
deeds. But we prepared the possible solu- i
tons. 1t is thus that we accepted as
useful and capable of realization that
plan of which Mr.. Keynes, In his vast
conceit later discovered that he was the
author; mean the mutual cancellation
of war debts. This cancellation would
have been the first step in the broad road
of solidarity. Others would have fol-
lowed. America unanimous at the mo-
ment in support of the policy of not de-
manding from us either the repayment
of our debt Of fifteen billions of francs
or of the payment Of the interest, was
capable Of consenting to this, provided
that it was sufficiently enlightened as to
the perspectives.
This is what Mr.. Wilson recxoned on
undertaking. Immediately his campaign
for the ratification of the Treaty of Ver-
sailles was brought to successful ter
mination. Every one knows what hap
pened-the sickness OF the President,
immobilized for ten months; the rejec-
ton of the treaty by six votes. the
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19

success of the opposition which desires
an isolated America"
We have In this document, it seems to me,
a very valuable illumination on the reasons
why Europe has held certain views with re-
spect of the United States, which have on
the whole, puzzled Americans and even an
gered them. Here is an explicit statement
of what American policy was to have been
with respect of the $4,000, 100000 owed us
by Europe. When Mr.. Keynes suggested
that the burden of debt be shifted from Ger
man to American shoulders he was not
guilty of such an impertinence as seemed at
the time. He was merely repeating what he
understood to have been American policy as
expressed in Paris by those who were quail
fed to speak for the President.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19

purpose to lend its mighty resources to re-
building the world 1t is not too much to say
that in the eyes of the European nations
the United States, mainly as consequence
of the public and private utterances of
Americans in Paris officially and unofficially,
came to assume the benevolent aspect Of
Santa Claus himself.
Now, although President Wilson had re-
jected the first two of the European en-
deavors to achieve a pooling and redivision
of war costs, NJ Tardieu now tells us that he
was intensely sympathetic with the Euro
pean situation and consented to such pro-
visions in the Treaty of Versailles as would
enable the Allies to dispose in the United
States of those bonds issued by Germany
and turned over to them as a portion of the
reparation.
OF course, this meant in practice that the
United States would presently receive from
her European associates who were her
debtors the larger portion OF the German
bends. and thus become the nation most in
terested in compelling Germany to pay.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19
Tittoni's Suggestion of Pooled Issues Recalls
Efforts to Cancel $10OOO,OOO,0O0 War Loans
By FRANK H. SIMONDS.
NY far the most interesting proposal
X at Geneva, from the point Of view of

ny. far the most interesting proposal
X at Geneva, from the point of view OF
- Washington, although 1t attracted
little attention in the country generally, was
the suggestion presented by Tomasso Tittoni
on behalf of Italy and supported by other
countries, notably Switzerland. that there
should be a pooling of the economic re-
sources of the nations composing the league
What the Italian delegate was aiming at
was an effort to obtain for the countries less
we'll provided with raw materials equal
position with those that were abundantly and
even superabundantly blessed. 1t was on
this point it will be recalled, that the Cana
dian representative took the floor and made
an earnest and common sense declaration
that such a proposal if seriously pressed
would mean not merely the permanent clos
ing of all chance Of the entrance OF the
United States into the league butt also the
inevitable withdrawal OF Canada and not
few other States.
In a word, Canada at once rejected pro-
posal which amounted to the creation OF
form of international communism. Follow
ing this debate Tittoni retired 1roih the
Geneva conference and was seen there no
more
Nevertheless the point raised by the former
Italian Premier is one of very real impor-
lance, because it discloses a conception OF
the league which was consciously present al
Paris and has lain in the back OF the MINDS
of many European statesmen, particularly
those representing the smaller nations from
the Paris time onward and at Paris was dis
cussed in various forms on NUMBER or oc-
casions 1t is, moreover. of very real interest,"
to Americans at this moment in view OF as
closures which have just been made by M.
Tardieu who was not only French High
Commissioner in the United States during the
war but NJ. Clemenceau's chief lieutenant n
the Paris conference itself.
What NJ Tardieu says in effect, and shall
quote his exact words in moment, is that
Mr. Wilson and his American associates
agreed at Paris that the President should on
his return to the United States and after he
had successfully pushed the Treaty of Ver-
sailles through the Senate, undertake a cam
paign to bring about the cancellation by the
United States of all the loans made to for
eign countries during the war and aggregat-
ing $4,000 900, 900.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19
Continued from First Page.

made possible some of the most brilliant
experiments of Major-Gen. Squier. He said
telephony on an extensive commercial scale
should be an assured fact. and that doubtless
the voice could be sent half way around the
world with ease.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-19
Quotes TardieHs Own Words
As Published in Paris, Oct.

But provided he could prepare the United
States for such programme, NJ Tardieu
row announces in LIHustrdtion for October
% that Mr.. Wilson was ready to so further
and do more. At this point 1 quote from
M. Tardieu:
"At the beginning Of May 1881 one
of Mr.. Wilson's financial advisers Mr.
Thomas WI Lamont, thus summed up
the Presidents state Of mind:
I" The President perfectly appreciates
the fact that the United States must
help In the economic reconstruction of
Europe. 1t is a question of self-interest
and Of duty alike for the United States to
hasten the end Of the financial crisis and
to assist Europe and France and Great
Britain particularly to emerge from this
crisis.
81 have submitted to the President. at