davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-08-23

SO CRES OF UNNPR0VED LAND.
Price $3.50. As first payment modern
4 to 6 room house. Z. r. Forrest, 1870
Seventeenth street.
I HAVE LOT Or SIX ROOM HOUSE
to trade on car which must be worth
81 900 or more. Phone &. l. 4603-X.
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1920-09-17
speriaes sfarpretter 300.

Spcridc har / biait Sage mi'ttt IN
dn,a0clia iioite - S.lrprcttcr Y. J..
Suluan. ! 81 Aar bar 2nInlHu rnNt'
6nut lin 5tiuiug men bare . @dl9t 9Ir
MAJ haut @rla ior ham. Nortt @lTI(
rar / 1890 81 Aunu W~droNptttr. et'
iunin!hte NuQiiamoroeritc, nldniic Hect
rrtn @ioet ior lin SrrhrrotI,c. N,I''
huuNe i~auNiuuli6ui2 pud @rIule ~ IA
lolii tnocf Vinc, AZ lin zgjNirodrtr ~
ipm Nirlpcy orrRr IN cAen SW 'on'
hur hauoe en- iormelil hnrnotut Snp'
iroclie over. Spuner bier oS'dn o1nl'
Ill 2gnen. men blec btutiott III HIS
pdri0 StrnfarbtiNc.
Nritc @aua Il / 1898. D. Ell N1I
ina, Ser Sphdu |cttcr'on bltp zen
tctrct. 2euuc barre oai1u pep Ell tutr
anSen uurerlig 5uofnoclic 'odtt ootr'
tol, lin Eur 81 line @raNyt ri a. 'tNn'
NpuSeuS 2cnsmluo % Nlernn8Hmauc.
ION han bar CT mN'lutttllNt NHN ~!
Saa nircot Scr belc irp @nr ior Sas
ma iaitu mau,tt typbt Sen 'rlcl'lo
nellie S!nrpyc,teumliout oo5pt.t'nA9
lei ,Srat.c utN 5upttao.m2 %N1Heu ?1i
Sc "iorgrlHl: aulvpcr, m,>'Hortct Sur
cr ga min %uc mes @~uINRIlontr ~ No
!orsc. \ 1900 udy Der 1T; Htrt en-, men
beIs 3 Teriorey Iom luIHt atnrc'IcH
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1920-09-17

Muth anuSicn 9. q, GIennor Tearion
9. g., %aitor s. 8. .. Neie, Gnuln
Nnuhipr, Graduate lratt llnjutrlttn
Glare Anibipn Graduate Nberoecr
Commercial Rormal, yeafn Scrqunt,
Graduate minneapolis SdluDl of Mas
tic, % Clara Neliou. TIcre Al 9(ato
rrcitcruc niI roc llnbtruioutrN | Nclle
pjpnsdfScIinger. SslgcnNe Nllrlcr CT
%orrdn9crct: AcaNemi;, Nornol, Cont
mtrciaI, S~ieno9rophic, Contraction
accounting, Some Economics, Manual
Irdinina, Fbpiicdl Culture. |tb!t,
Mliic. Trciterne / Stolcu@ (crritos
riiinr 9ier lpnterfet Gobt Nrbeioe 'or
Stolen. Maugc AZ Dem TOM | Sclltdo
nieb Stueentcr og bar tll|icoc nnaF
S%tuIenaret dobncbe5 Nct 6te Stpte"is
ber.-"2utbernncren".
Sno Gutotu 0iitritts llnBNom9
iorburb boIo. iii treble Stepne I Baltic,
2. Sat. Taitor y. Sollul5 Ndlp, l6ot
I'll lSoe SuIi. &eiret bar uontrtet. oA
oct biNro9 mcget Ill ar glere Del III CT
cuht % iruQibriugeuoe NtpNc. Gi tdls
rig Glare al urgc Nlrno % Number
haupc dIlerebc msot frtnn Der 'orltf
Sao. Muu0c NJ Dem par %tonrnct Lang
peis ira Atcroceu, :. Sat, Ven
mdil @roue. Giebr., o9 Alobrara, :. =,
7. or. Set fan lite nnoet emo ptrte
uplef,enoe 4 ale inn CT nItcrt3lcrci
llnooumeorbeioei o. Nlrtena Srenlttc.
At Dc mac, boaNe @ra 90 SGrD. er Utlz
lioe i'll AZ Qirre iua ue9cr Spoirellc Tor
nj t1rurc b,roauc e. inaNdnt Stepnt.
Get rihner ON Sntercsle Tor Ntrten%
lore Sao. ,Sornnrbeu FOR Norbrnloet
0nube iirepet CT orei % tlar Slobcre!
ming % gioroe ppmeri'om pan Here VA
Iiue Yroblemcr ION dn1ddr oort llnA>
0omsurbeioe. en- StnH CT %Ittteri, II
1utcresieu or life ird lepenoc lom Den
burbe prrc. Rau bar heller lie fadt
Snitem not i hette Irbeioe. Nfcn Der
CT en- goo @caruoclic, % pna mnIlas
Steocr er man tommet ldngt nilereoe.
.IGeu Set or en- opb Segpnoel'e. % pdd
lnn,,ae Stcber er IL fonnrct lang!
olerehe. Weu er piQtigy Nrbciocl scr
ior aiClber nct a. ta9e 'df. Sc 8dfnle tots
laper os. Sc lul9e ltal trrNe | oers@
fSopippr, % Seius rddber: @ler due
SoItclaa I'll mine Sticipicr. Scn1aeI
ipr Msnet udr: hDao. huprfor o9 hcpr
Ieecs i bort lluaoonl@arbelrt. Srttt
Senld blcp mcget d~Ipor!tg % oruro'5
cisfuteret. Auc Siber bIeu trcnholo!'
@!tiis emma Spcrpoa8, Sel Noplo9'
&. ;; Sr. q. 3. SoniieaarS, Si5leton,
:. D. @iIs Seunie SdhI. Glt YoIHI'
2. >; Miis Glaro AnmIlon' Moni
roIe, Z. 3; @r. @eraIN 8enanS. Hnts
"a, 2. .. TOM uet iorbcrcot oN mee
opne N~ihanoIin9cr. Scnoag bleo gtei
SET Gplbt / peltre NiDarps prTgtiac &!r-
tc. Taitor @nmes, @ol8a. :, ,,
prr.tc; Sat. Sec. llluilben, ION CT
p~rporct / bcnnc ReniA1cN. iorrettct vi
t~ertieneIten. Senbag ~giiermicSdg par
en- msser aob Sesiicn. SGlI, u. "
Nlpisa.er % 81. &. {. Sol5crg inlst.
Seueas Aften 6ennIience nj "HonI'p
Gable Si2cuoiicu". % Der por bdaoc
iuteresiaut oR urtti9t. Ser a meatu
oop Gang. Snna al SoIiiler, aor &
lei or. &ifs SiNrih RsiShuS ior'i'
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1920-09-17

uer (at HE miro't ior IL nrbcioc pnd
bette Smrlnot. &uit. :. 81. S0IttrS
o"ieucdlQt til Sorarono ior Sorbuuoet for
tonmrcnNc Var. 0nr hupot droeIoet
Tor SaNtn buarc huGrot oN Rpo; oe;
iUunbnc Mar. 1un iurtitutc @lcnrdlJ
Sc uunrc Gmbco2mUuN CT ION feINtr.
Voitor y. lllpilocu, &itciprmGnN; Mis-
Nnloa %,%obniou, Nii2iiou Nill2. Sctrt+
tUr; u. z. 2rcQicth, Baltic. :. :.
aaviercr. Vparo Of 2tyettors Gnot
0oiitan, Glt Vuiut Z. 3; ClGd Shomps
ion, @roofingS. Z. :; %aror 2 ".
&uitiu. Sisietor. Z. :; Carl Eu!@
BANNER. Nelpmdu @rngt. Nttr.; @rnt2
Suocn, 3Dauttou, Z. :.
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1920-09-17

Sprt yar Sc, Cars 3iI5iou iri
6dyuciauS. iom bIep hcurcyrct 2SHc
@u0u,t ! 9ialrs. SAN yrr iin!oiG !
NoyS5yauS ~ Norc. &clctIcr rom Den
2oelart0c Sduyutb irr Nlrlstroul. o.
tl.IyI Ser vUyitc ~ oenl ale. Sorbu's
Ncytu !SprNluuo, ION Ncu lore 3cctm
ptr iartmc 9ar oItp oeuyeItty't m S.rI'
ior IN ~uhrQQe.Ilt N5ycMQiouhcN cul
p9rn cuu SImsiti1ty ~&rul2 lGrI
hpor aou mnrNtl lie mluoyt en- e;
iorcr.
SjSue @dua &vtR2 5'irpretsrN
mnart uNierc tit 1rrttelilt &yltlrt mr.
-, Ncptmpty 1870. III GUNtC. 'trJ
rnrNtt Nd2iercriteu / Strtl2 &ercAtys
i~clrcu,uG / Stott1o!m. c.tp hcurtt.t;
NtrutGdnN 1rulgt ma ,tfc Ercn. men
ioy isyic % .suitc iiNi,t &auN ctn M,
WuiIilIiut.
Sn!mlu clr en- inert HIrlr. Ton, a.
erir .ap.t i'm Stlv5ebtviitlie ic!u ON )
SgNurJ ian III. rel Ssyer III d mr'
ncyvcy,rrcnSc ma Fan 'rr!t 10. Sci
man Il rel ,dri!c otU iNr, S!arpreittT
Spcrjgc. tbi Scr q "! lie me3et lann
iru!ja II >ty ne,Ntr ~ uoGcu IN. -
ltltr i.Ec ar man 5lr &Cu9 tor nogtd
SytwutNcu.
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1920-09-17

Saer re isrrsa etTsS sSssIisflsn. isn'
pHfl Sol. sgcr F1r,cgotsT..H Sea % sr''
r;tt a, fsuce lei; sense : c.g''ae'i'se eSscs
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1920-09-17

ra prneer cite, at sreoe. loi1 inoen'l'..
rs,r I,croe ca fife CT regii!reret. ion'Tier noF'
r1a Ncier. scno Scriur tHc rsie fense h0'H
9, inn 0rttterina icr Srruet.
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28
HAD TO FIGHT FOR
BREATH, She SAYS
Mrs. Cheever Gains Twenty Five
Pounds and Ends Troubles BY
Taking Tanlac.

"Since taking Tanlac have gained
twenty-five pounds and feel better
than have in years" said Mrs. Mary
Al. Cheever, who lives at the corner Of
55th avenue and 102nd street, Port
land, Oregon. Continuing, she said:
Il suffered twenty years with rheu-
matism and stomach trouble. and a
few months ago had to give up COM
pletely and take to my bed had
pains all over my body and my mus
Giles would draw up 50 tight ! could
hardly keep from screaming. AT
times / felt like thousand needles
were sticking in me and ! had pain
over my kidneys nearly all the tint.
Nearly everything ate seemed to-
turn Ia gas and caused my heart to
nalpitate so bad I feared / had
heart trouble, and l thought every
breath would be my last. ! was badly
constipated, too and had simply ter
rifying headaches that would last a
week at a time. ! was 50 nervous
/ felt like crying out at the top Of my
voice and lost SO much weight only
weighed seventy-five pounds.
"a friend advised me to take Tanlac
and 1t was simply wonderful the way
/ improved right from the start. j
have now taken four bottles and my
indigestion is entirely gone. ! eat
anything without the slightest
troubIas my rheumatism has just
about left me. | never have head
ache and my nerves are steady as q
clock. am never constipated any
more and my general health IS so
GOOD | want to tell the whole world
about what wonderful medicine
Tanlac is.
Tanlac is sold in Covington by
Alexander DRUG CO.; in Atoka by R
G. Tenant; in Munford by Alternately
Drug CO., and in Mason BY Union
DrupCo.
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28

Messrs w. B. Campbell asd ]. NJ.
Duvall Of Ripley, were among the
visitors here Friday.
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28
GOOD ADVICE TO
COTTON GROWERS


When d hot-bempered little boy
mashes his finger with a hammer,
sometimes, in his anger, he throws
the instrument away
Some Of our people have been just
ike the hot-tempered little boy who
had his fingr pinehed We have all
been more or less pinched this fall
and lots Of US are mad "A lot more
Of as are downhearted. Here and
here some are panicky.
Some misguided people, in their
foolishness, think it might be we'll to
destroy something. Every compress.
every gin and every cotton shed IS
needed Every lock Of unpicked cot
ton is needed.
There will be demand for about
4 10000,000 bales of first-class cotton.
There will not be 100000 bales Of
first-class cotton in the South
So all the first-class cotton that can
be picked win be sold. We may not
make as much money as we thought
we would make We may not make
any money. We may not be able to
paw all our debts. but we can pay
some. We may make little money;
we may get out even.
! There is only one way out for all
Of us and that way is through labor
and intelligence. Pick all the good
cotton YOU can pick out. Put it IN a
she'd Keep it out of ire wet Gin it
when YOU are ready. If you owe some
| bills that are pressing, sell a little
cotton to pav your bills, then market
the rest slowly.
Keep out of your head that the
United States government or some
other power ON the other side Of the
world viii save YOU Your only sal
walton is your own effort and in your
neiohb0r's effort.
We are no worse hit down here
than the corn ard cat growers of the
North and West Corn Is so per cent.
cheaper than it was this ime last
year Oats are so per cent. cheaper
than they were this time last year. A
man can not get more Than one-half
The money for 4 Bushel of corn that
he could get this time last year, and
further. last year there was in in
sistent demand for oats and corn att
firh prices. This wear there is small
,'on end at low PRICES
The sugar rowers expected to make
niles Of money. and they grew their
corn extensively. They will get one
elf # what they got last year. The
tobacco growers are Getting less than
relf the price thew secured for to-
baec IS months ago. After a while
iron is going to drop and other things
will dren. We are ALREADY down to
the level in cotton In fact. we are
below the level. We believe cotton is
ge''g to re higher II ought to be
htoaer. and if we keep our heads on
our shoulders. 30 along in an orderly
way. we are going to be able to come
through in reasonably good shape.
Some NAV lose an ear or shirt, but
-. end large. we viii all be fun
damentally sound and ready to
continue along lines that will lead to
that success which follows intelli-
genee and persistent industry from
year to year Memphis Commercial
Appeal, October %.
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28
TWO CONVICTION GIRLS
PLAN FOR FUTURE

The following is what a mother
overheard several days ago OF con-
versation between two Covington
school girls. The two girls, who are
closely related, have become Disguised
with the present-day deceitfulness in
life
These two girls were discussing
who were really friends. One girl
said: = am beginning not to believe
anyone" The other girl retorted
that such a thing as having a real
sincere friend is something of the
past, as ''Deceitfulnessn has almost
everyone right by the hand"
The mother was rather amused at
the girls. who are only high school
girls, in having such a queer idea and
having fully decided what they are
going to do as soon as they finish
high school
They both said they We're going to
take a good business course, then 20
to a city for a nice position in an
elderly mans office. Then they are
going to attend strictly to their work,
for one girl remarked "0h, yes.
business before pleasure One girl
saidp We don't want to board Just
anywhere. but in a nice private home.
and to dress neat and nice, but not
'overdress. , They will have to be
very saving, because after several
years Of hard labor they want to re-
tire from business to take UP this
queer idea, as some people will call
it. but these girls do not think it is
queer.
Far out in some mountainous coun-
try they are going to buy faw acres
of land. Gust think Of what these
two girls are going to do exclaimed
the mother. "They are going to build
a three-room log cabin"
One girl went on and described the
living room, and this was the deserip-
tom "Qur walls are to be made of
mostly good books and matters that
y ay help guide us through the dark
hours We want Vietrola and sone
Of the very best records Then, in the
center Of the room we want an inn
mcnse desk for our letters and pa
~ers We want the chairs to be made
"a hickorvn
Then the other oirl described their
bed room that is to be. She said is
was TO be a small room and ARRANGED
verv neatly She will ONLY have fur
niture that is absolutely necessary
One Of the Girls wanted her mothers
nietIlre right over her bed So that
when the struggle was hard at the
rahin there would he mothers picture
to help Guide her the right way. The
other girl wanted table right near
tbo bed to keep her Bible on,
The mother was shocked to
hear the girls say that they were not
going to town but once every six
months and that would be for pro-
visions and books. They both de-
cided that COW was too much
trouble, therefore they would buy con-
densed milk by the case They are
not so crazy over vegetables. but they
said: Eve will just have early spring
vegetables"
These girls said while we are liv-
ing such hermit life it is not going
to be an idle, but useful one. We
are going to learn how to weave
baskets. learn the art Of needle work
and writing up articles for news
papers No one is to know where
we are but our parents, the Leader
and editor Of the Commercial APP
peal.o
They said when they did come tod
town they were going to visit the
hospitals and give many things TO
the orphans. ***
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28
Begin Right Now to
Conquer Your Rheumatism

the blood.
For this purpose there is no more
satisfactory remedy than S.S.S.,
the fine old blood remedy thatshas
been in use for more than fifty
years, and has given such general
satisfaction for Rheumatism.
Begin taking S.S.S. today, and
If you will write a complete history
Of your case, our medical director
win give you expert advice, with
out charge. Address Chief Medical
Director. 100 Swift Laboratory, At
lanta, Ga.
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28

If you are going to again rely
upon the liniment bottle to try to
rub your Rheumatism away, you
viii be doomed again 10 nothing
but disappointment. A disease
that can cause SO much pain and
suffering is not Oh the surface Of
the skin, and capnot be rubbed
away.
Many forms Of Rheumatism are
caused by a tiny disease germ in
the blood, and in such cases the
only logical treatment Is to search
out and remove these germs from
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28
CIRCUIT COURT NOTICE

Circuit court will convene Monday.
November /, for its regular Novem-
Der term, but, on account Of the cleo
ton. the State docket Will not be
called until Monday, November 3,
All litigants and witnesses may gov
ern themselves accordingly
L. C0CKRILL.
fo1oct2wl Clerk.
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28

Mr. R. G. Melton, Of Quito. was
among the visitors here Friday.
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28

"A burning sensation in the throat
and chest means bad digestion; and
digestive trouble is the starting poins
for many serious diseases. particular
" kidney disease. Better take Prick
Ii Ash bitters and put your stomach
and digestion in sound condition be-
fore serious trouble begins. Price,
$50 per bottle. E. e. Roper Drug
Co. snecial agents
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28
glIl8llIEI
NEVER GIVE UP HOPE

Joe Dannettell. born and raised in
Evansville Ind travelling salesman
for the Bon Bon Baking Powder Co.,
suffered two years with stomach and
liver troubles, given up by five ply
sicians, vomited everything he ate,
sent home from the hospital to die,
when a friend told his wife about
Lucky 10 Tonic. He began taking
same, and in three days he could eat
a. ything and retain it. After a weeks
treatment he was able to 90 about
and call on his friends In two weeks
was able to 20 back to work on the
road You who are about to give up
hope just try a bottle Of Lucky i3
tonic. Joe and his wife are thank
full that they came across Lucky 10
tonic They believe in Lucky 3 Tonic
and say 1t was lucky day when thev
came across this lucky medicine. If
YOU or any of vour friends are suffer
ing likewise tell them about Lncky Is
Tonic and give it trial. Sold by
Alexander Drug Co.
-------~-as---
Mr.. R. G. Melton, Of Quito. was
among the visitors here Friday
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28

l21oet2wl
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28
ADMINISTRATORS NOTICE
Of Insolvency Of the Estate Of n. G
Goad:

To the Creditors Of the Estate Of N
G, Goad;
The insolvency Of the estate Of
M. G. Goad. deceased having been
duly suggested to the clerk Of the
county court Of Upton county, Ten
nessee. notice is hereby given, as
required BY order Of said clerk, to
all persons having claims against
said estate to present and file the
same, duly authenticated. according
to law, with the clerk Of said county
court at his office in Covington. Ten
nessee, on or before-the 22nd day Of
FEBRUARY. 1921. on be forever barred.
mis- October IS, 1920.
R. S. MALEY,
Administrator cum testamen-annexo
If the estate Of N. G. Goad, de-
ceased 2toct4w
-----~------a--szr n---------
Messrs. w. B. Campbell asd ]. NJ.
Duvall. Of Ripley, were among tne
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28

The above Coach and Ambulance has been
undertaking business This Coach will used in
moving sick persons another for pail bearers for
family conveyance funerals The Coach which will eight
sencers has and fan for cooling the air
summer operated BY electricity Hot and cold water and medicine
carried for emergency well folding Ia
fact this Coach has everything could be desired for the for
which wasd designed.
The Covington leader. (Covington, Tenn.) 18??-current, 1920-10-28

VOU can buy a
~ mighty good suit
here for $40 all wool;
Born Tailored to your
measure.
You'll find a desirable
selection Of woolens at
other prices, too; some
higher; some lower.
But at any price YOU
choose to pay Born
Tailoring offers the
most generous value
value made possible
only through the fact
that Born Tailoring Is
sold to half a million
men yearly.
C0viDgt0n Supply Co,
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1920-09-03
THE GENESIS OF
TRADE IJNIONISM
The Growth of Unions Since
Their Formation in the
18th Century in this COun-
try-In Early Years Gen
orally Secret in Character.

have often wondered how many
members of organized labor know as
to where or when trade unionisn first
started, and believing same would be
of interest to them, | have collated
the following data:
The beginning of American trade
unionism is not known with definite
accuracy. The first organization along
the lines of wage earners of which we
have any definite record is that Of the
journeymen printers of New York in
1776, when they made demand for
an increase of wages, and this being
refused strike was called The
strike proved successful and the asso-
citation ceased. In Philadelphia in 1856
an attempt made by the employers to
reduce wages was made the occasion
for calling the trade together.
Twenty-six printers signed docu-
ment pledging themselves to mutual
support in case of being thrown out
of employment The next we hear of
was the cordwainers Of Philadelphia,
who as early as 1892 had an organiza-
tion. Prior to 1927 most of the organi-
cations in the several trades We're Sc
cret in character, but the period OF
1827-37 marks their emergence into
open organizations based upon tbs
principle Of quitting work under a
joint agreement in order to compel
acquiescence to demands. This perioc
is there fore the real beginning OF
trades unionism. Viewed from this
standpoint, while England is consid.
cred the home Of trades unionism, the
distinction belongs to Philadelphia.
Modern trades unionism, as an I'M
dustrial force, began with the coming
together Of previously existing soeie-
ties for the several trades to form .
central body ON the representative
principle Working by themselves
these isolated societies could accom-
plish but little in the face of the hos
tile governments and employers. Com
sequently, they inclined to secrecy on
to cloak their movements under the
garb Of friendly benefits. But when
they formed a representative body
they came out in the open, they en-
couraged each other in the spirit Of
aggressiyeness, they greatly increased
their membership, they organized the
workmen in trades previously unor-
ganized. This was the real beginning,
not only Of trades unionism but even
of the term trades union" For the
term indicated originally not a union
in trade, bat a union of trade so
cieties. The latter was the usual
name of the isolated organization. At
the present time what was originally
a trade union is now known under the
names of central labor union, trades
councils and federation of labor
The first trade union in America was
the Mechanics Union Of Trade Asso~
Citations, organized in Philadelphia IN
1927. It,however, did not last long.
and the union metamorphoscd into
politics 1t was through this union
that the first labor paper was ever
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1920-09-03

without change by the Knights of La
Dor Tie latter organization was first
established as a local secret labor
union ia Philadelphia in 1869. The
knights aimed to bring all labor men
into one great organization without
reference to the trade unions to which
they belonged Its growth was rapid
undl 1886, at which time it's member
snip was over 00,000 Several dis
astrous strikes caused a reaction and
it's final dissolution. During the year
following there was little activity un-
l 1880 new organization, the
American Federation of Labor, started
its comprehensive campaign Of inaug-
arating an eight hour working day.
The principles Of The American Fed
GRAFTON of Labor were opposed to
those Of the Knights Of Labor in that
they recognized the full autonomy Of
each trade to regulate its internal af-
fairs. Its plans, however, were made
So us to assist each trade in the sup
port Of all other trades. Under this
arrangement the carpenters, one Of
the most important of the trade
unions, organized in Chicago, H., in
1881, were authorized in 1890 to lead
in the movement for eight hours, in
which they were successful in 1877
cities IN 1891 the miners were au-
thorzed to follow, but they were un-
successful, owing to the depressed
conditions in their trade and the dual
form Of their organization.
Since that time the history Of or
ganized labor has been one Of success
and phenomenal growth, both numeri-
cally and financially and at the pres
ent time the average paid-up and re-
ported membership Of the A. r. of l..
for the past year was 4,078, TAO, an
average increase Of 818,672 members
aver last year
The Federation has FIVE depart
ments. It's national and international
unions numbering 10; state fedora
tions, 46; city central bodies, 926; To-
Teal department councils, G82; local
trade and federal labor unions, 1886;
and local unions, 3G,741
STANLEY GIBSON.
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