The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1920-09-11

"IAwilI be necessary to tell somethlng
of the historical Background of
China China is not the name given
to the country by the Chinese, who
call it Chung Kwo.' or Middle King
dom. Probably once in its history,
about 200 years before the beginning
of the Christian era, it was known
as the Kingdom of Chin, and at that
time the name was carried to 1ndlan
and western lands bS traders.
"The origin IL the Chinese people
Is also a matter of dispute. The fer
tile lands of the Wei Basin in south
ern Shensi Province. in, West China
are spoken of as the cradle of China,
indicating that the Chinese either
came from Central Asia or that the
race originated here.
THE legendary history of China Is
believed by the Chinese to extend
back to the beginning of all things.
The historical period takes its in
ception from B. c. 1852. the supposed
date of the birth of the first OF the
Emperors as credited in Chinese his
tory. This Emperor is supposed to
have given to the people Cd the mar
rage ceremony, CD musical 1nstru-
maats, ca the bideogram in writing
TO replace knot notation (4) the SIX
domestic animals, CD the mulberry
leaf FOR the feeding of silkwor1ns, and
800 fish nets.
I'The Emperor Shen Nung, 27OO
LIB. c.. is reputed to have given his
people the wooden p1ow and the art
of husbandry. At this time emma
was supposed to extend as far east as
fShantung Province and as far south
has the Yangtze Valley
'"The greatly famed Yao, who ruled
kmbout 1900 B, c., and exhibited mar
Co 4I,n
khts people, is credited with having
Ee,srerarded a. worthless son in choos-
ling his successor and nominating in
stead Shun an obscure person OF
EspIendfd character. He regulated the
calendar, standardized weights and
measures, and mitigated the PUNISH
sk ments then in vogue. ShNn chose a
worthy man for his successor in Yu,
I known as the Engineer Emperor, for
This ability to control the flood waters
of the yellow River. by the opening
of a. passage for the western waters
Through the present defile at WI
shan. He is also supposed to have
Emade a. survey of the imperial do
mains
Next comes the Chou Dynasty.
fwhile there is a lapse of thousand
years in passing from Yu to the
Chou Dynasty, this period does not
seem to have offered much of inter
est to modern civilizatf9R The Chou
EDynasty extended from~- C. 1122 to
LA, and represents, in its nine cen
Eturies of continuous rule, the longest
lperiod of any of China's dynasties.
| tThe country during this dynasty
seems to have split up into numer-
Eous principalities, although it pro-
duced some of China's greatest
| Imep-"
ut was the Emperor Chin Shin
| tHuang Tt who succeeded in uniting
| China again and it was under him
that the construction of the Great
| IwalI of China was begun-with an
! larmy of tens of thousands of men
| Eheaded by Meng Tien, to whom Is
also ascribed the invention of the
| i1aair brush used for writing.
/ 1.-THE Han Dynasty which lasted
from b. c. 21O to A d. 22O, has
! leone down as one of the illustrious
tperiods of Chinese history. Literature
land art were encouraged by the
| Court. The Imperial Library, accord
| hing to the Annals of the Han Dy-
| tuasty contained more than 10000
tyolumes- 1t was during this period
That paper is said to have been in
lyented-"
The Tang Dynasty, A d. SIS tc
zoos, is also regarded, like the Har
lepochs in Chinese history. Literature
WAS encouraged, a special edition OF
1.-The classics was printed, and a sys
Item of civil-service examinations was
perfected which was continued dowr
ito the year 1905 A d., almost in 1t:
loriginal form From a census takeI
! lin 754 China,s population was giveI
las 5S,00O,0O0- China probably ros'
Ito its greatest heights as an Asiati'
mower during the Tang Dynasty"
N-During the eleventh century IL
H<-hina- a socialist philosopher states
Imam, Wang-An-Shih, actually pu
Into practice in a section of China
la political system that even toda!
| must be considered as advanced
ssrhis system provided that the Stat
L ishould take entire control of com
tImerce, industry, and agriculture will
liza view to protecting the working
| classes 1t provided for the estab
I1ishment of tribunals to regulate tn
daily wage and the daily price o
merchandise Taxation was Z levie
lon the land according to its fer
Utility and men were taxed in ~pro
tportion to their ability to pay, tn
Lvery poor being exempt Pension
were provided for the aged, sup
port for the unemployed, and assist
Eance given to the needy Seeds wer
distributed for sowing in waste land:
to the State to serve as Il soldier, an
[tvork- Every family with more tina
1.-TWO males was obliged to give on
lot the State to serve as a soldier, an
kevery family had to keep horse fo
1.-The State foE>cavalry purposes
lease of need The scheme was to
kadvanced for the time and after tie
kyears for trial it was abandoned TIL
Eperiod was marked by serious il
Lxernal disturbance which prepare
1.-The way for the Mongol conquest
the thirteenth century"
The Mongols ruled China fl
Eff1ree hundred years beginning wit
their great Emperor Kublai Kha1
Whose fame spread over the cart
Through the writings of Marco Pol
1.-The Venetian traveller"
fF,rom 1853 to 1914, China eI
flowed again the rule of its own En-
Eperors under the Ming Dynasty. Or
OF the Ming Emperors caused to /
lproduced the largest encycloped
ever known, a production requirfr