davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-05-03
PERCY COLLINS

2l7 Kennedy Bldg.
Phone Cedar 24l
Evening star., 1920-11-19
FINGER WIRELESS
CURB MART MA Y
.SHUN INDOORS.

NEW YORK. November. 10
Broad streets weekday conven-
, tion of wildly ygeoticulating, traf-
fic-blocking dealers in unlisted Sc
curities-the curb stock market
may remain fixture in the city's
financial district. il was learned
today. Notwithstanding that the
New York Curb Market Associa-
tion has voted to move indoors.
More than 200 dissenterS have
started organization of a new curb
association. whose members hope
to continue edifying the visitors
to the famous money mart with
the spectacle Of biZarrely- capped
curb representatives "wireleSsing
orders via finger signals to their
Offices in adjacent buildings.
The only stumbling block TO the
plan. II WAS said. is a recent ruling
of city authorities that the curb
must go" This ruling is to be ap-
pealed.
steps TO maintain the historic
curb were taken by non members
of the curb market association
when that organiza ton announced
ruling that henceforth no mem
ber firm could clear, directly or in
directly. on the Indoor curb" any
transaction made by a non-mem-
ber.
Evening star., 1920-11-19
SELLS FOR PENSION HEAD.
Tennessee Republican Has Support
for Post of Commissioner.

Representative Sam r. Sells of Ten
nessee, wno has been q member of
the House for ten consecutive
years. and who is now chairman Of
the committee on pensions, but who
was defeated in the primaries for re-
election. is being urged for the post
of commissioner of pensions.
Representative Sells is a Spanish
American War Veteran. After his dis
charge he was for a time employed
at the government printing office. He
has since been engaged in the lumber
business and owns several mills.
The Veterans of All Wars feel very
friendly toward Representative Sells.
and would be glad to have him for
commissioner.
After being defeated in the pri-
maries he took charge of the repub-
lican campaign in Tennessee. and to
his efforts are credited largely the in
roads made upon the solid south by
the Harding ticket.
If he is made commissioner of pen
sions Representative Sells will sue
ceed Frank d. Byington of Mont
gomery county, Md. who was last
week appointed by President Wilson
to fill out the unexpired term of Cay
lord NJ. Saltzgaber, who resigned.
Evening star., 1920-11-19
TWO STRUCK BY AUTOS.
Woman and Boy Victims of Traffic
Accidents.

An automobile belonging to the De-
partment of Labor, driven by l. j.
Weingert. struck and knocked down
Mrs. Mary Bradley. 1920 Pennsylvania
avenue. near nth and G streets. yes
terday morning. She was not serious
ly hurt.
Robert Foxhall. a -year-old boy.
was knocked down at 7th and d
streets yesterday afternoon by an au-
tomobile. He was slightly injured
Rev. j. E. Clark. 2713 Wisconsin
avenue. and Fl. w. Smith. 1920 Res
ervoir street. were owners and drivers
of automobiles that collided al Wis
consin avenue and NJ street about 4 go
o'clock yesterday afternoon. Slight
damage resulted.
A collision between the automobile
of John W. Kee, 513 Sd street. and
a machine driven by Jesse Stern. 206
Ball court. occurred at Sd and +
streets about 6 o'clock last night
Both cars were damaged.
Evening star., 1920-11-19
-REv.E:-DotlO lOWAY DIES.
Until Several Years Ago Was AS
sociate Pastor Here.

Rev. Edward holloway. until his re-
tirement several years ago associate
pastor of Trinity Episcopal Church.
died suddenly from heart failure yes
terday at his home. 1906 Newton
street northeast. He was eighty
years old.
Rev. Dolloway, following his retire
ment. was for a number of years em-
ployed at the pension office. He was
a member Of Epiphany Episcopal
Church. He occasionally answered
calls for service when requested by
his religious superio-s. otherwise con
fining his church titles TO read
ing and study.
widow. by a son. /. ,u.s holloway
OF Toledo, Ohio, and - sister. Miss
Maria holloway.
Funeral arrangements viii be an
nounced later. Interment will be at
Osweeo. y. y. his birthplace.
Evening star., 1920-11-19
ON DUTY AT LOCAL COLLEGE,

The War Department today announced
the appointment of First Lieut. Alexan-
der C. Streckcr as professor of military
science and tactics at st. Johns College
here. He will direct the work of the
colleges cadet corps. Lieut.. Strecker
succeeds Maj. E. G. Sherburne. recently
transferred to a western post The new
military instructor. now at Fort Ogie-
thorpe. Ga, will reach here in few
days
Evening star., 1920-11-19
SIGN TO GUIDE TOURISTS.

For the guidance of tourists and
strangers having business at the
Capitol, the Public Utilities Commist
sion has directed the Washington
Railway and Electric Company to
place a sign on the platform at 18th
and F streets stating that cars to
the Capitol. Senate and House ONCE
buildings pass that point.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23

1888; Nicollet in 1899; Audubon in
1843, and many others at various
times.
"Under the same protection the
missionary work of the far west was
undertaken. Lee, Methodist mis-
sionary, crossed the plains in 1884;
whitman and Parker for the Presby-
terians, in 1885 and 1886, and Father
DeSmet for the Catholics in 1910.
''Thus all the beginnings of civili-
cation in this then remote and I'M
known country were made under the
fostering protection of the fur trade.
The first trans-continental highway,
the Oregon trail, was opened and es-
tablished by the traders as was also
the no less important route of the
Santa Fe trail. If its relation to
western history as shown by all these
facts was of profound and far reach
ing consequence, the annals of its do
ings were of exciting and romantic
interest. Never before or since has
there been a period in the history of
our country that contains so much
which appeals to the lover of adven-
ture. The student of those stirring
days will feel that it is not necessary
to go very far from home to find a
region filled with history as attract
i've as anything romance has pro-
duced."
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23

countless multitudes that were tt
follow.
"The trader was the original In.
dian agent, and the best friend, in g
practical way, that the Indian ever
had. In the simple relation which
I the two races first bore to each other
based upon almost primitive customs
of exchange, both peoples were bene-
fitted and both were satisfied. The
white man entered into the true life
of the red man, learned his language
adopted his customs, married his wo-
men and won their affections by be-
coming like one of themselves. He
was the original pathfinder. 1t was
he who sought out and established
the highways of travel which have
become and will always remain the
avenues of commerce in this region.
He was likewise the original name
giver in the geographical nomencla-
ture of the west.
1.-THE Missouri river was the scene
of the principal activity of the fur
trade. All the tribes along the river
were good robe producers and beaver
hunters and the business of trading
with them grew to large proportions.
Forts and houses without number
sprang up throughout the valley 1t
is within limits to say that there
were at least 200 of these establish
ments along the main stream and it's
tributaries. Some of them were per-
manent and important structures,
while others were mere temporary
shelters which were occupied for
only cnacnn nr
"It was singular life they led at
these remote establishments. We
shall never look upon its like in this
country again, nor perhaps in any
other. Lonesome and solitary to
degree during the greater part of the
time, it was every now and then en-
lightened with episodes in which
there was excitement enough and to
spare. The motley and unruly popu-
1ation with which the trader had to
deal, lawless hunters and treacher-
GUS Indians, made the element of dan
ger an ever-present one, and there
was scarcely fort in the western
country which did not witness tragic
and noteworthy events in the course
of its existence.
Came in the KeelbOat
est. Louis was the emporium of
the fur trade, and all the expeditions
started from and returned to that
point. They always travelled by boat
when going up the Missouri, and the
early navigation of this stream was
one of the most interesting and sin
gular features of the business. Be-
fore the steamboat came the keelboat
was always used. It was very res
pectab1e craft and was propelled In
/ variety of ways. Sometimes 80 or
40 men would pull 1t along with a
Inc reaching to the shore; again they
would push it with poles from the
1eck of the boat, when the cordelle
could not be used, or would propel
t with oars when both other methods
allied A great assistance was the
,rairie breeze and the sight OF sails
vas common thing on the Missouri
n those days.
"The steamboat, as may be imagin-
ID, was q marvel without parallel In
he eyes OF the Indian, and the scar
ely more civilized trapper. 1t was
n. Impressive sight to zee the hugel :
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23
BEFORE LEWIS AND CLARK DIM THE WILD
NORTHWEST; HOSTILITY OF BRlT0M AND
SPAM0AE7D TOWARDS AMERICAN TRADERS

craft standing high above the rive
bottoms, moving against the power
full current without visible means O.
propulsion, and carrying great car
goes of merchandise and great mum
bers of passengers. 1t is said that the
advent of the steamboat was the
thing that finally won the respect o.
the Indians for the Americans as
against the British. Hitherto they
had regarded their visitors from the
north as being rather superior tC
those from the south, but the scale
was turned when they saw the ''fire-
boat" and its power to walk on the
water.
"The mountain trade of the central
west, could not, of course, be con-
Quoted by water although there were
instances where cargoes of furs came
down the Yellowstone, the Big Horn
and the Missouri rivers from the
very heart of the mountains. AS a
general thing the expeditions were
conducted by pack trains. The
Rocky Mountain Fur company nearly
always adopted this method. Often
the trains were of such size as to
stretch along in single file for more
than a mile. They were as novel in
a way as were the Missouri craft in
their particular field.
GAS the mountain traders did not
make use of boats, neither did they
build trading posts. Instead they
held annual rendezvous at places
agreed upon the year before Hither,
at the appointed time, the nomadic
1of of he Ii
the free hunter with his retainers,
parties of hired trappers, and bands
of wild Indians-to transact the BUSH
ness of the year. Several days, and
perhaps week or two were spent
at this business, with any amount of
fun and frolic, and never without
abundant dissipation and debauch,
which left the luckless trapper none
the richer for his years hard labor.
The rendezvous over, the caravan re-
turned with the furs to the states and
the trapper to his retreat in the
These rendezvous were
among the most romantic features of
a business which was never wanting
in unique and picturesque details.
f"The business of fur trader, as
one may readily see, developed i'm
portant commercial adjustments
and produced important companies
that operated along the Missouri river
among which were the old Missouri
Fur company and the great American
Fur company. The latter company,
by John Jacob Astor, was a
mighty power on the river during its
40 years of business there, and 1t abb
sorbed probably three-fourths OF the
entire trade. The Rocky Mountain
Fur company did much of the noun
tain business down to 1884, when 1t |
went out of business.
Some Early Fur Traders
among the leading fur merchants
we're Aston & Crooks OF New York,
md the Chouteaus, Sarpys, Sublettes,
3ents, st. Vrains, Robert Campbell,
General Ashley and Manuel Lisa of
It. Louis. Kenneth Mckenzie, Will
lam Laidlaw, Alexander Culbertson,
Henry vanderburg, Andrew Driss,
4ucien Fontene1le, Jebediah 8. Smith
nd James Br1dger and scores Of
Their names well known in their days
vere the active agents Of the various !
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23

about IL miles east of Cut Bank, then
part of Teton county, James Miller
found indications of crude oil which
at the time created much excitement
but was soon forgotten.
At a depth of 1873 feet oil gather
ed upon the top of the water in the
hope and Miller at once sent a pint
of the oil and water to Emil Startz,
a we'll known chemist of Helena, who
analysed the fluid and made the fol-
lowing report thereon.
1.-THE analysis of the sample of oil
showed it to represent what is called
a natural lubricating oil, it's specific
gravity being 0.912 or 23 degrees,
Baumic There were no lighter by
drocarbons present, such as naptha,
rhigolene, gasoline, benzine, etc.;
also no lighter Illuminating oils. Up
on a fractional distillation 81 per
between 305 and $40 degrees F was
received. This portion represented
what is commonly called mineral
sperm oil or Tyronaptha. Between
$40 degrees and $50 degrees F.
light brown oil distilled over to the
amount of about "a per cent, and
duOFe OOU ueSTeeS up 10 fIU degrees
F. somewhat darker oil was dis
titled over amounting to 38 IL per
cent. These latter oils were lubri-
eating oils. The residue, amounting
to 6 IL per cent, was brownish
black color, like tar.
Petroleum volatilizes partially by
exposure to the air whereby it be-
comes denser, less mobile and final
ly viscious or even thick and solid.
This explains the fact that petroleum
from a greater depth is specifically
lighter and also that in the neighbor-
hood of the outcrop it is frequently
and so thick that it can-be
used directly as wagon grease. Hence
The only sure conclusion that can be
Drawn from the quality of the out
crop is that an oil specifically lighter
md as rule richer in Illuminating
oil may be found. Oil nearly always
gives in the neighborhood of the out
,rop an inferior quality of greater
lensity than deeper down."
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23
Tasty Recipes for
Harvest Cooking
Carnation with Fresh Vegetables

| Carnation with Fresh Vegetables
Cook peas. string beans, lima
beans, cauliflower, sweet corn,
etc., in sailed water in the usual
way. (For peas and beans, cook
in little water, and simmer down
to tablespoons of water.) Add
Carnation Milk, as desired, and
/ season to taste. ION any cream
ing recipe that calls for milk, use
Carnation diluted one-half.)
One Dish Dinner
Six or eight medium sized po-
tatoes, " cup chopped ham or
other cooked meat, 8 cups white
sauce. Cut the potatoes in small
pieces or cubes and mix the ham
with it. Pour over it a cream
sauce, either tain or medium, as
desired. This is a palatable dish
and has the required foodstuffs
necessary for meal. 1t is also a
good way to use left-overs. This
recipe makes six portions, but
adapts itself nicely to a double
amount.
White Sauce
One cup Carnation Milk, 1
tablespoonful flour, / tablespoon
full butter. Melt the butter, add
flour, being careful to have it
smooth. Add milk. stirring con-
stantly to prevent Jumping and
burning. Cook until mixture has
thoroughly boiled. Add salt and
pepper. This recipe may be used
with any other dish calling for
white sauce.
Dreamed Carrots and Peas
Seven or 8 carrots, liz cups
white sauce, can peas. Boil the
carrots and peas until tender.
Have ready a white sauce, pour
over the vegetables and reheat
before serving. This makes six
portions, but amounts may be in
creased in proportions for the de-
sired portions.
Potatoes Au Gratfn
Potatoes, salt, pepper, cheese,
thin white sauce, butter and bread
crumbs. Cut the potatoes in slices,
season with salt and pepper. |
Grease dish and put In layer OF !
potatoes, small pieces of cheese |
and thin white sauce. Alternate |
these layers until baking dish is /
full. Sprinkle top with cracker or
bread crumbs, dot with butter and
bake slowly for about forty-five
minutes. s
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23

Not alone to Lewis and Clark, blu
to the early fur traders, as well
should go the credit for the discovery
of the upper Missouri country, &C
cording to Col. H. NJ. Chittenden in
his work upon the early fur trade Of
the northwest. Col. Chittenden was
a government engineer in charge OF
improvement work on the upper Mis-
souri, river and was also in charge OF
the early work in the Yellowstone ma
tional park. For five years he devot-
ed much of his time in the prepare
ton of his story of the northwest
and in it he says:
However much we may be dis
posed to celebrate the achievements
of Lewis & Clark, we must not for
get that the beginnings of transmits
sissippi history had their source in
the fur trade of the great Missouri
and its tributaries. More than a
half century before President Jeffer-
son sent his explorers from st. Louis
to the Pacific coast the traders had
been over the vast region, establish
ing business relations with the abort
gines, tracing its mountains and val
leys and giving them geographical
names. AS early as 1922 Fort Or
leans was established 200 miles
above the mouth of the Missouri and
1854 st. Louis was founded. No part
of the continent can furnish more in
teresting history than the Missouri
valley and the Rocky Mountain re-
gion generally toward the close of
the eighteenth century when the fur
buyers and trappers were introducing
civilization into the tremendous wild
erness.
"The beginnings of the history of
this region, so far, at least, as they
relate to the Americans, under the
name of Louisiana, have been. neg
lected to a large extent because the
march of events in this new country
has been so rapid that it has as yet
been scarcely possible to stop and
look behind if one were to keep in
place with procession. The discovery
of gold, the war with Mexico, the
Mormon emigration, the building of
railroads, the organizing of states
all these have absorbed the energies
and attention of the people, and they
have had but little time to think of |
what has gone before them. But the |
interest of writer's in history and fic- |
ton is being directed more and more |
to the distant country which our
eastern neighbors are pleased to call
the far west 1t may not be a haz-
ardous prediction to say that within
10 years the early annals of the west
ern country may be placed on as sat
isfactory a basis as those of the orr
ginal colonies along the Atlantic
coast.
Before Lewis and Clark
when this comes 1t will be found
that the fur trade was the true
source and the beginning of our his
tory. We are accustomed to look
upon Lewis and Clark as the original
pioneers of the Missouri valley; but
the lonely trader had frequented II
these shores nearly two generations
before this expedition went up the
river Fear1essly and alone he pene-
rated these unknown regions. open 4
Ing up relations with their savage in
habitants, discovering their sources {
II wealth and paving the way for the 8
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23

Carnation Milk is not a new pro-
duct, not by twenty years, but its eco
nomy and time saving are relatively
so much more valuable from year to
year that it is gaining popularity rap
idly in the home and as harvest
help.
All conditions point to large and
profitable harvest this fall in the
state of Montana, and if help is as
scarce when the season actually ar
rives as it appears to be at the pres
ent time, every means of conserving
energy and utilizing advantages will
be pressed into service.
An economical and plentiful supply
of pure milk will have direct bear
ing on the labor question inasmuch
as men quit job as often because Of
dissatisfaction with the food as for
any other reason. Milk used in cook
ing makes food so much more at
tractive that labor turnover is actual
ly less in cases where good milk is
supplied.
Carnation Most Convenient
Carnation solves the question of
pure milk supply in manner that
is eminently satisfactory. Carnation
is sold by almost every grocer in
Montana, and if purchased by the
case and kept in cool dry store
room the milk question is settled
And the cost of Carnation, when
the time saved is taken into consid-
Grafton, is negligible. With Carna-
tion in the kitchen there are no
COWS to milk and feed, no pals and
pans to wash, no skimming to do,
and no open supply of milk to sour in
hot weather You open Carnation as
you need it and in the can it keeps
indefinitely.
Carnations Purity Standard for
Twenty Years
Carnation is nothing but pure, rich
cows milk, evaporated to the consis-
tency of cream and canned. Nothing
is added, only part of the water is re-
moved. Milk of natural consistency
can be obtained by diluting Carna-
ton with an equal quantity of water.
The milk, just as it comes in the can,
is of the proper consistency for fruits, |
cereals and coffee.
The dairy herds which produce the
milk from which Carnation is made
are in the better dairy sections. None
but rich and pure milk is used in
making this well-known evaporated
milk. Every aid and encouragement
Is given to the dairymen that will |,
stimulate their desire to improve
heir herds, all to the end that the
quality of Carnation standard for
.wenty years may not only be main
aimed, but heightened.
Your harvest time cooking prob
en- will be very much easier II you
Keep enough Carnation handy to tide
vou over the rush season.
\ booklet containing over a hun
lred recipes Of good things to eat
hat are easy to make, using Carna-
ion, will be sent you just as soon abi'
(Advertis,
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23
OIL DISCOVERED IN
1910 AT CUT BANK
EXCITEMENT CREATED YEARS
BEFORE ROUNDUP FIELD
WAS OPENED
Farmer Digging for Water Found Oil
at Depth of 1873 Feet and Imme-
diately Obtained an Analysis From
State Chemist Which Showed a
Heavy Lubricating Content.

Although oil in considerable guam
titles is now being brought out of the
bowels of the earth in the Mosby and
Roundup fields it's discovery follows
numerous others of lesser conse-
state at much earlier and almost for
gotten periods.
Ten years ago, while engaged in
sinking a we'll for water upon his
ranch in township "a, range 4 west,
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23
HOUSEWIVES FIND COOKING
MADE EASIER BY CARNAT|ON
EVapOrated Milk a Harvest Help

To cook without using milk is almost hard write without
pencil The farm Kitchen especially large of milk
harvest dishes The food value of milk relatively great that
dispense with it works a actual hardship.
The and attention that keeping demands large
item of FARMS particularly during the rush of a
In harvest than any other time of the year. evaperated
ned milk economical and method of securn ample
supply of and rich milk.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23

Here is the Whitefish Boys Band,
unique musical organization. Its
membership is composed wholly of
boys of Whitefish, between the ages
of 8 and 16 years. The membership
includes William Smart, Earl For
bragd, Edward Scott, Wilbur Udell,
clarionets; Frederick Brindle, Earl
Mayfield, Newton Olsen, Clifford Gar
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23

stefan of Whitefish, is the instructor
and band director. The band is very
popular in northeastern Montana,
has played several engagements in
Glacier National park, and six differ
ent towns made application for its
services during the recent Independ
ence day celebrations. Early in Sep
TENDER the band will go on concert
tour of the principal towns of Mon
tana and North Dakota.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23

We receive your name and address.
Mail us postcard and the booklet
will come to you by return mail. Ad-
dress the Carnation Milk Products.
Company, Seattle, Wash.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-07-23

yer, Jess Whitney, comets; S. M. For
bragd, saxaphone; Carroll Whalen,
James Duncan, horns; Donald Rey-
nolds, Edward Fox, baritones; Lloyd
Long, Eugene Kunkle, Mortimer Sui
livan, Clark Sharar, Dan Hotel,
trombones; Harold Baker, bass; Leon
Wright, bass drum; Milton Cutting,
Clinton Avery, snare drums; Lyle
Whitney, cymbals.
Cecil c. Nixon, a well known mu-