davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
India.

Fighting on the northwest Indian frontier,
which assumed large proportions at the end
of 1919, was carried over into the new year
and Mosem unrest was aggravated by the
British policy toward Turkey. The all-India
caliphate conference at Delhi on January
adopted resolution to boycott British goods
if settlement with Turkey were not con-
cluded to the satisfaction of Mussumans--
meaning if the Sultan were not kept in
Constantinople.
The report of the Indian National Con-
gress, published at Delhi on March 23
blames the British massacre of natives at
Amritsar last year as ga calculated piece
of inhumanity unparalleled in ferocity" and
demands the recall of the Viceroy, Lord
Chelmsford. who approved the acts of the
Punjab Government without inquiry. One
result was a movement of emigration out of
India. some $1,000 peasants passing through
the Khyber pass into Afghanistan.
The Legislative Council at Simla came to
an end on September 16 and will be replaced
by large Indian Legislative Assembly, of
which Alexander Frederick Whyte was
named first President. Lord Chelmsford was
recalled and Sir William Meyer was named
first High Commissioner.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
Brighter Future Seems Sure, in
Worlds Old and New

Reds and he was executed on February 7.
former Premier Pepelayef facing the firing
squad with him.
Bolshevist forces occupied Archangel on
February 10 and Murmansk on February 23.
consolidating northern Russia under their
rule, and took Perekop and Novorossysk
Denikine's bases in the south, on March q.
In April new attempt to overthrow the
Reds was made from the southern Crimea.
where Gen. Wrangel took command of what
was left of Denikines troops, and two
months later sailed from the peninsula and
defeated the Reds, taking 1000 prisoners and
forty guns. On June 25 he took 10000
prisoners and on July 6 surrounded an entire
Bolshevist cavalry corps of eighteen regi-
ments
France August IL recognized Gen.
Wrangers de facto Government in south
Russia. Wrange continued his advance
and Gen. Balakhovitch joined forces with
the anti-Bolshevist Ukrainians who occu-
pied Kieff in October while the Russians
menaced the Soviet forces on the Dnieper.
Then the tide turned Wrange was disas-
trously defeated on both wings and driven
back into the Crimea, the Reds on Novem-
Der IA reaching Sebastopol.
The United States, while unalterably OPP
posed to recognizing the regime of Lenine
and Trotzky, would permit individuals to
trade at their own risk.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
Turkey.

Turkey was carved on April 25, the SUI
preme council voting the Syrian mandate
to France. the Mesopotamian to Britain and
the Armenian to the United States provided
she would accept, while Palestine was to be
a Jewish state under British protection
Thrace was awarded to Greece. The treaty
handed to the Turkish delegates in
Paris on May II. In reply Turkey refused
to cede Smyrna parts of Thrace and
the Greek troops proceeded to occupy them
and drive back Mustapha Kemals forces
in Anatolia. Meanwhile the French ousted
Prince Feisal from Damascus and Gen
Gouraud proclaimed the state of Lebanon
north of Palestine with Beirut as capital
Armenia, with no material aid from the
Powers, has been decreasing in size and
population throughout the year, beset by
Russians on the north and Turks on the
south. Formal recognition extended by
the United States on April "a, following sim
liar action by Great Britain and France.
Persia has not yet ratified the treaty with
Great Britain. Bolsheviki invaded north
west Persia by land and sea in May, and
the Persian Government appealed to the
league for aid. British troops north of
Teheran checked the advance of the Reds
and barred the approach of the Turks
the west. In a speech on December Is Lloyd
George informed the House of Commons
that the Government had to tell Persia 1t
could not remain unless the Anglo Persian
treaty were ratified before next spring.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
Egypt.

Lord Miner, head of the British mission,
was sent to Egypt to inquire into the state
of the country. Ell AZhar University on
January demanded complete independence.
Zaglul Pasha, head of the Egyptian Ma
tionalist party, went to Paris to plead for in
dependence
Largely through the efforts of ex-Gov.
Joseph W. Folk of Missouri the Nationalist
delegates in London were induced to treat
with the Miner mission. The conditions
proposed for settlement were: 1, abolition
of the protectorate; 2, internal independence
except foreign rights, the public debt and
control of the Suez Canal, and 3, external
independence.
These provisions were agreed to by Zagul
Pasha and his associates in Paris on Oc-
tober and in Cairo by about 80 per cent.
of the Nationalist district and provincial
committees
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
Greece and the Balkans.

Venizeos was received with enthusiasm
by Parliament on May Ia when he told
them the ancient Greek domain had been
thus restored. There was a great peace
celebration i'm Athens on August l. but a
Constantinist plot was already under way,
and on the next day in Paris an attempt was
made to assassinate Venizelos, who was
slightly wounded
King Alexander, who had been on vaca-
ton in Paris with his wife, Mile. Aspasie
Manos, whom he married in defiance of royal
traditions. returned to Athens in September
On October he was bitten by pet mon
key and died on October 25. Three days
later the Parliament proclaimed as sover-
their father the exiled King Constantine, at
Lucerne. He declined the crown. strength
ening the royalist conspiracy to bring back
the deposed sovereign. This plan was over
whemingly Endorsed by the people in the
Greek elections on November IA and in a
special plebiscite on December g. despite a
note from the Allies warning them that all
financial support would be withdrawn from
Greece IL Constantine returned. He left
Lucerne on December Ia and Venice the
next day, on his way to Athens to be re-
ceived as King.
Bulgaria ratified the peace treaty OF
Neully on January IL. having just passed
through a week Of anti-dynastic rioting and
Industrial strikes Greece ratified the Bull
garian. Austrian and German treaties on
February 2S. Bulgaria was admitted to the
league on December Is.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
Italy.

Premier Nitti resigned on June and was
succeeded by Giovanni Golitti. Gioltt is
a remarkable man, so years old. but wonder
fully vigorous. His first efforts were di-
rected to making peace with the Balkans.
Italian troops were withdrawn from all
Montenegrin and Albanian localities. Alba
MIA was TO become independent and trade
as to be opened with Bolshevist Russia.
Red uprisings broke out all over Italy in
June. The workmens councils voted almost
unanimously for cooperative management
by the working staffs of the factories and
for profit sharing. Premier Giolitti inter-
vened by summoning the employers and the
metal workers to conference and after
much hesitation the former agreed to let
their men share in the management but not
TO direct operations A Government com
mission was to arrange the details.
DAnnunz'o on September declared
Fiume an independent state and on Septem-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
France.

Premier Clemenceau resigned on January
Is, having completed his work of organiz-
ing the machinery for enforcing the treaty
with Germany, and President Poincaire
asked Alexandra Mierand to form a new
Ministry, which received vote of conf
dence.
President Poincaire on February II ended
his term of office. Paul Deschanel was
elected President, and on the following day
entered upon his duties. There were May
Day riots in Paris and the railway men
began a strike for the naturalization of the
railroads. French dock workers joined them
on May 3. Premier Milerand replied by a
measure to dissolve the General Federation
of Labor and was supported in the Cham
Der by vote of 526 TO 90 In consequence
the federation called off the strike.
Deschanel resigned the Presidency on
September 10, and on September % Premier
Mlerand was chosen to succeed him. re-
ceiving sos votes out of the total of S92
cast by the two houses of Parliament in
Joint session at Versailles
The selection of Georges Leygues. who
was Minister of Marine in the Clemenceau
Cabinet, to be Premier and Minister of For
eign Affairs followed and his Ministry re-
ceived a vote of confidence OF 507 to 80.
surfing the continuation of Frances policy
abroad and for reconstruction and pacifica-
ton at home.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
Austria and Hungary.

Austria is suffering more than any other
of the former enemy States by the economic
crisis Chancellor Karl Renner resigned
with his Cabinet and was succeeded in June
by one headed by Tyrolese professor, DR..
Mayr, but consented to retain the portfolio
of Foreign Affairs
Hungary on the overthrow of the Com
munist Government of Bella Kun began
ruthless determination of all who had the
slightest leanings toward socialism. Men
were imprisoned tortured and finally exc
cuted publicly. tickets being sold in Budapest
as IL for a spectacle.
Count Apponyi received the Hungarian
peace treaty in Paris on January T. and the
Hungarian Assembly on February FL chose
Admiral Horthy Regent. After vainly
trying to evade its terms the Hungarians
finally signed the Treaty at Versailles on
Tn a
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
New York Herald Bureau, /
Washington, ID. c.. Dec. Is. {

" HE overwhelming rejection by the
American people of membership in
the League of Nations, taking the
form of a reputation in the national cleo
tons of those who sponsored it. the turning
out of power of the Democratic party and
the substitution Of Republican control
served as the outstanding feature of the last
twelve months in the domestic history of the
United States-a year filled so to the prim
with events of magnitude that it is difficult
for those even at the closest range to realize
their Importance.
Just prior to this decision the United
States, after years of consideration of the
subject, extended the ballot to women in
national elections Woman suffrage had
been in effect for some time in some of the
States, but the ratification of the Nineteenth
Amendment to the Constitution. through
the action of the Tennessee Legislature in
August, made it universal In consequence
women all through the land voted in the
November elections, piling up a total that
approached 100000 ballots, the greatest
number ever cast in a single day in America.
That the entire political condition of the
nation is changed by the enfranchsement Of
women is an obvious deduction.
Hardly less in Importance is the applica-
ton Of the Eighteenth Amendment 10 the
Constitution. providing for national prohibit
ton. ratified in The year preceding, but pro-
claimed by the Secretary of State to become
effective on January 16, 1920. Although the
country had been dry under an act OF Con-
gress, as part of the wartime legislation, for
six months preceding. the institution of the
Eighteenth Amendment brought about the
enactment of the volstead law, with rigor-
Gus penalties for It's violation, and thus was
undertaken the most comprehensive moral
reform ever conceived on the face of the
earth.
The election resulted in the breaking OF
the "solid South" since the civil war the
stronghold of the Democratic party. The
Republicans captured Tennessee and made
heavy inroads in other communities, not
alone in the border states, but in the indus
trial centres which have been building up
we'll below the Mason-Dixon line Missouri
and Oklahoma, which. while not Of the solid
South" had always been counted on as
Democratic, went into the Republican col
umn along with others of Democratic lean
ings, such as Montana. New Mexico and
Arizona. 1t was a Republican sweep quite
unexpected by even the most optimistic of
the Republican leadership. Not only did
the Republican party capture the Presi-
dency, but the Senate and the House as well
by unprecedented maiorities.
Senator Harding after n brief vacation
which included trip to tho Panama Canal.
went to his residence in Marion, Ohio, for
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26

Der 20 named a Cabinet for the italian Re-
gency of Quarnero." Negotiations for set
Element of the dispute with Jugo-Slavia were
broken off in June with the fall of the Nitti
Cabinet, but were resumed by Giolitti.
On November IL an agreement was
reached which brought the long dispute to
an end. 1t provided that Fume should be
Independent, with the italian boundary ex-
tended meet it,
D'Annunzio, the irreconcable. declared
himself dissatisfied Thereupon italian
troops surrounded F'iume. The dictator de-
clared state of war on December 3. Two
days later a committee sent by the Chamber
persuaded him to desst, and on December
it was stated that Rome would recognize
the Regency of Quarnero"
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
Mexico.

Sonora next to the largest State in Mexico.
seeded on April 10 because the Federal
Government threatened to send troops into
the state to put down a railroad strike. al
though Federal aid had not been asked by
the State authorities. Gov. De la Huerta was
chosen head of the new Government. Presi-
dent Carranza planned to attack the rebels
on three sides by land and sea.
State after State Joined the rebellion, Car
rama troops deserving by wholesale The
President fled from the capital early In the
morning of May with three trains full of
troops. He was headed off and nearly sur
rounded i'm Tlaxcala on May IL. but two
days later succeeded in escaping with small
retinue of about $50 men, taking to the noun
tains on the border of Vera Cruz State. On
May IS he intrusted himself to the care of
General Rodolfo Herrera, Carranzista, who
escorted him through the defiles. On May
60 the party arrived at the hamlet of Tlax-
calantongo. where they put up for the night.
Al four o'clock the next morning Carranza
was killed
The Congress chose Adolfo de Ia Huerta
as Provisional President, and he was in
augurated on June l. Elections for the new
Congress were set for August l and for
President September g. Gen. Alvar Obre-
gon, who had been the soul of the revou-
ton. was chosen President and showed an
earnest intention to maintain friendly rela-
tons with the United States.
Pancho Villa and his bandit followers sur
rendered to the De la Huerta Government
and received amnesty and grants Of lands.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26

made a good start by capturing Dvinsk
on January 3. Poland also undertook to
police territory in southwest Russia evacu-
ated by Denikine but not yet occupied by
the Reds,
The armies of Russian Reds were driven
back along a front of 400 miles in March
and April from the Latvian border to the
Dniester and the Poles made an agreement
with the Anti -Bolshevist Ukrainians, recog-
nizing the independence of Ukrania on
April o. With the cooperation of the latter
they next advanced from the Zbrucz front
capturing railway equipment and prisoners
in large number In May the combined
Polish and Ukrainian army captured Kieff
the Ukrainian capital. from the Bolsheviki
making the fifth time the city had changed
hands. Five days later they entered
Odessa.
Then came the reaction. The Bolsheviki
brought up troops released from the Sibe-
rian front and began hammering at both
ends of the long Polish line. In the north
they tried to open communications with
East Prussia and in the south, on June 3,
they succeeded in fiankng and driving back
Gen. Pilsudski's troops. Thirty Bolshevist
divisions were concentrated on the lower
Dneper, forcing the evacuation of Kieff by
heavy cavalry attack on June IA.
The Powers notified Poland that she must
not agree to any Bolshevist demands for
disarmament or outlet 10 Germany or ac-
cept any boundary less favorable than that
laid down by the Allies. Polish commission
ers met a Russian delegation at Minsk
while the Red armies continued advancing
and reached the East Prussian frontier on
July 81. In the south they captured LomZa
and Brest- Litovsk and began drive at
Lemberg. They reached positions in a half
circle, nearing Warsaw in the first days of
August
Next Poland asked help of France and
Gen. Weygand was sent to organize her
military defence Armored boats were has
tily sent down the Vistula, and on August
IT, when the BolsheviN were within twelve
miles of Warsaw, a great counter offensive
was begun The Polish commissioners at
Mnsk refused disarmament terms, which
the Reds correspondingly lowered as their
army retreated The situation was entirely
reversed in a few weeks and peace negoti-
atoms were transferred from Minsk to Riga,
where an armistice was signed, to take eff
feet October IS. The agreement was rati-
fled on October 26 and negotiations for
permanent treaty of peace were begun and
dragged into December.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
China and Japan.

Activities of the military party in Pekin
for direct negotiations with Japan for the
return of Kao-chou and her interests in
Shantung led to the resignation of the
Chinese Foreign Minister, Lou Tseng -tsian
and the Vice-Foreign Minister, Chen Lu. fol-
lowed on March by that of the Premier
Chin Yun-peng. The rebellion in the south,
which has lasted five years, continued.
Chinese provincial league was formed In
March to depose both the Canton and Pekin
governments and again unite the country.
Open hostities broke out between the
Anfuites and the Pekin authorities and
there was clash of forces at Kwanhun.
south of the capital. on July 16. The Anfu
forces were finally defeated, and their com
mander Gen. Tuan Chi-jui resigned.
Gen. Chin Yunpeng resumed his post of
Premier and Minister of War August H.
Dr.. w. w. Yen being Minister of Foreign
Affairs.
consortium to lend China $3.50 900 900 to
rehabilitate her finances and aid railroads
was formed through the efforts of Thomas
w. Lamont of New York, Japan. Great
Britain and France taking part.
DR.. Wellington Koo, for nearly five years
Chinese Minister to the United States, left
on October 81 to take his place as China's
representative in the assembly of the
League of Nations. When the assembly
came to elect the four minor members of
the league council China was chosen to re-
place Greece
Japan suspended hostilities with the Boil
sheyili of the so-called Verkhne- Udinsk
Soviet Republic of Siberia on July is and
later occupied the northern half of the Island
of Saghalien. after extending the Anglo
Japanese treaty for another year. Efforts
to induce China to move first in negotiations
for the restoration of Kiao-chou. renewed
several times during the year, failed. Troops
ant Into
Corea, where all efforts at independence
were repressed with stern hand.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
Ireland.

Despite Lloyd Georges promise of home
rule, the growth of the Sim Fem and the
feeble showing made by the Unionists in
the municipal elections of January Is indi-
Gated that Ireland would be satisfied with
nothing less than independence Out of
1,240 vacancies the Sim Fein won 422, the
Labor party 324, the Nationalist 213, and
the Unionists only 297 The Nationalists,
who favored home rule, had been ousted by
Sim Feiners from almost every seat in Par
lament and, as they declined to take the
seats won, Ireland was almost without rep
resentation at Westminster.
Meanwhile crime continued to flourish.
On March 10 Lord Mayor McCurtain of
Cork was assassinated by masked men in
his own house. His successor, Terence Mac
Swiney, was arrested on August IL on charges
of sedition and taken to London, where he
Immediately began hunger strike in pro-
test against British rule. which ended in his
death on October rs. after fast of seventy
four days.
The Sim Fein established their own
courts and police, erecting whole system
of secret government under the eyes of the
British officials, while police, constabulary
and soldiers We're assassinated or shot
from ambush. Ian Mcpherson, Chief Sec
rotary for Ireland resigned and was sue
ceeded by Sir Hamar Greenwood, a Cana
dian by birth, on April q In the following
month the civil war waxed fercer and the
burning of police barracks began. Troops
were poured into Ireland under command of
Gen. Sir Nevil Macready.
Labor took a hand in the Irish troubles,
and railway. lockers and shipping men re-
fused to move troops munitions.
Trade Union Congress in London voted,
2,760 900 to 1,636,000, to urge the Govern
ment to withdraw the troops from Ireland.
The disorder finally crossed the Irish Sea.
and on November % more than a dozen
cotton warehouses in Liverpool were de-
stroyed by incendiary fires. But the terror
ism eliminated in the partial burning Of the
city of Cork on the night of December IL.
Three hundred houses and public buildings
were destroyed and the damage was esti-
mated at $40 000, 900.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
Review of Years Progress, Political and Eco
nomical, of the Nations, With Chronology
of Most Important Events

it. Mr.. Asquith's amendment for a single
Parliament for Ireland was defeated on May
10. The bill passed the Commons on Novem-
Der IL and went to the House of Lords,
where 1t was substantially amended and sent
back to the Commons on December IA. Mean
while, owing to the increase of crime in Ire
land, bill comforting extraordinary powers
on the Government was enacted into law.
With the election of Herbert H. Asquith
at Paisley on February 25 the old Liberal
party was revived to resist Lloyd Georges
policy.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
Russia.

Irlutsk was in state of siege as the year
opened and was finally captured by the Boil
sheviki on January Q. Kolchak's army being
completely dispersed the survivors fleeing
by way of the Siberian railway. Admiral
Kolchak placed himself under protection OF
a Czecho- slovak contingent who. threatened
by revolutonaries, surrendered him to the
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-26
Poland.

Poles were fighting beside Lithuanians as
the year opened and against them as it
neared its close. Their first endeavor was
to clear their eastern border of Bolsheviki,
and the allied Lettish and Polish troops
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-02-20

ficnlty in keeping out OF his way.
wait till it's dark. Blacky the
Crow. You wait I'LL It's dark snap
ped Hoo,y the Owl.
Blacky stopped teasing for min.
ute and shlvc.cd just bit under his
black coat. lie knew how fierce
Hooiy Is when he can 800. and. to
tell the truth. he really had rather
not meet him after dark. Just then
sammy Jay flew almost into Hooty's
face and cried:
Ilaoty ts biind uAr'
Hooty eant soc mel
who's Rfraid 81 Hcossr
iIooty ear NOT see:
Blacky forgot all his fears. and
once more led the tormentors OF
Hoosy.
Now. Hooty was no, only sleepy
and half blind In tho bright light. but
his stomach was 40 full Of the good
things that he had stolen from the
feas, at the Zig Rock the night be-
fore that he could hardly move. so
he Just snapped and hls-ed and scolf.
ed. keeping his back against the tree
until the crows and jays grew ure1
Of their fun and one by ono went
about their business. As the last onc.
with a final i~er. flew away. Hoo;y
the Owl settled himself 60 sleep
again.
wait: Just you walt he muttered
darkIy.
Next story: Hcoty the Owl Has
His Fun.