Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1920-01-09

a pump cannot be placed so that the limiting
suction lift will not be exceeded, it is necessary
to lower the pump cylinder into the WE'LL raising
the water from the cylinder to the spout by the
direct lift of the piston. Water can be pushed
more easily than it be pulled hence, rather
than resort to extreme suction lifts it is prefer
able to lower the cylinder to within Is feet or
less of the supply, still better to submerge it.
Where water is discharged against pressure a
force pump is necessary A practical installa-
ton for the kitchen sink is combined suction
and force pump which will be found great Ia
Dor saver for the housewife.
Deep-Well Pumps.
Deep-well pumps are heavier and stronger than
those described above. They may be of the lift or
force type and the standard or working head is
always directly the well. The cylinder
should be near (within Is feet) or else below
water level which pumping and drought may Gre
ate. Submergence is the preferable arrange
ment. In all installations the size of the pump
ing cylinder must be determined from the size,
depth, and yielding power Of the WE'LL the guam
tity of water required, and the available power,
Deep wells and hand or WINDMILL outfits take
small cylinders
Pumping by means of compressed air is very
old, but the systems used prior to 1909 required
the air supply to be turned or shut off accord
ing to whether not the water was needed
Based on a patent granted in that year, two
cylinder air-displacement pump submerged in the
water supply and controlled by the opening and
closing Of the faucet was devised. The essen
ia. parts Of installation besides such a pump.
are an air compressor storage tank. engine or mo-
tor-with air and water pipes, and minor attach
ments The pump operates only when water is
used, starting whenever faucet is opened and
continuing until all faucets are closed
The chief advantage of air-displacement pumps
is that water may be taken from ordinary depth
or lateral distance or from several sources with
one power outfit and delivered direct from the
well to the faucet, The power plant may he
located wherever convenient and as many pumps
may be used as there are sources of water. Both
hard and soft water may be delivered by using
two pumps and the necessary piping systems.
Air-displacement pumps are not adapted at pres
ent to lifts much over 125 feet or to wells 'css
than three inches in diameter nor they be
used where more water is required than the
well can supply within a specified period Air
pipes and air-displacement pumps must be tight
and remain tight in service, and working parts
must be kept in good order
Horsepower Needed
Water may be raised by hand windmill, hy-
drauc rams, steam, hot air, gas internal-com-
bustion engines, or electric motors Hand power
is unsuited to large supplies high lifts. Wind
mills are probably the most familiar type of me-
chapical power used, and often are arranged to
start and stop automatically. Gasoline and oil
engines are well adapted to farm pumping, and
may be equipped to stop at any desired pressure
in a supply tank. The use of electricity for
pumping is increasing. The method is clean,
quiet, and convenient, and starting or stopping a
distant pump by throwing switch may be prac-
teal wherever transmission lines are sufficiently
near.
The theoretical horsepower needed to raise
water is found by multiplying the gallons pumped
in one minute by the total lift in feet including
friction in both suction and discharge pipes and
then dividing the product by 1000. The horse
power as computed, should be multiplied by from
two four to overcome losses in pumping and
still allow for reserve of power. Ordinarily
one to two horsepower engines are sufficient for
farm pumps, but it is always safest to determine
this point by computation
An advantage to be derived from the well-in-
stalled farm water system often overlooked is the
benefit it affords in the way Of fire prevention.
With relatively small expenditure, fixtures can be
added to pipe system, which give ready access
to the water supply for fighting flames. In al
most every case fire can be easily put out il
discovered at it's early stage, providing there 10
irefghting apparatus near by, and all hands,
even the children, are taught and drilled to use
such apparatus coolly and skillfully.