davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
PICKETING is ENJOINED

Portland, Ore. Superior Court
Judge McCourt rules that only one
striker can picket at the Smith &
Watson iron works. The court ac-
cepted the conpany's views that
picketing impaired "the efficiency of
the company's workmen and demoral-
ICES their morale so much that their
capacity for good and faithful serv-
ice is seriously impeded."
The court also ruled that banner
bearing these words: "Don't Be a
Scab; 1t is un-American" has a bad
effect on the company's faithful work
ers. The court, however, permitted
the strikers to display banner an
nouncing that the company is unfair
to organized labor.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
BIG CHICAGO INCOMES

Chicago-Incomes of $1,0OO,000 or
more for 1919 were reported by 731
individuals and corporations in the
Chicago district, officials of the inter-
nal revenue department announce.
Thirty-one persons in this city were
added last year to the ranks of those
whose incomes exceed $1,000,000.
One corporation paid $6,000,00O as
the first installment of $24,000,000
due the government as income tax.
Another corporations quarterly pay
ment amounted to $2,500,000.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02

/ y
and joint tenancy associations.
High cost of living and agriculture
The private ownership Of large
tracts Of usable land is not conducive
to the best interests of a democratic
people, A graduated tax should be
placed upon these lands above the
acreage which is cultivated by the
owner The government should es-
tablish experimental farms, irrigate
arid lands and reclaim swamp and
cut-over lands.
Taxation-A progressive increase
in taxes upon incomes, inheritances
and land values of such a nature as
to render it improbable to hold land
without putting it to use and to sup
ply means for paying war debts.
Public ducation-Subsidie by the
government where necessary to main
tain public education. State colleges
and universities should be developed
to assure wage earners' children op-
portunity for the fullest possible
development. The right of teachers
to organize must be recognized.
Credit-Credit should be used to
serve production needs and not to in
crease the holdings of financiers. Con-
troll over credit capital should be
taken from financiers and vested in a
public agency that would administer
this power as a public trust in the
interets Of all the people.
Public. utilities; railroads - Public
and semi-public utilities should be
owned, operated or regulated by the
government in the interest of the
public.
Wharves and docks; shipping -
The government should own and
operate all wharves and docks con-
nected with public >harbors which are
used for commerce or transportation.
| The American merchant marine should
be developed under government con-
trol and seamen-, accorded the same
rights exercised by workers in all
other employments.
Water power--The water power of
the nation, created by nature, must
not be permitted to pass into private
hands for private exploitation.
Democratic government and the
courts-The voiding of legislation by
federal and state courts is uncon-
stitutional and is an obstacle to self
government. Federal judges should
be elected for terms not exceeding
six years. Legislation should pro-
vide that where a law is voided by
court and is again reenacted it shall
be law
Militarism-Whilei it is the duty of
a nation to defend itself, militarism
represents privilege and is the tool of
special interests, exploiters and des-
pots. Large standing armies tend to
militarism A voluntary citizen
soldiery, organized and controlled by
democratic prinsiples, is favored.
Labor the bulwark against reaction
and champion of industrial democra-
cy-Workers are free citizens, not
slaves. They have the constitutional
right to cease working. The strike
is a protest against autocratic man
agement. To penalize strikes or to
make them unlawful is to apply an
unwarrantable and destructive method
when a constructive one is available.
To reduce the necessity for strikes
the cause should be found and re-
moved.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
Heard From at Last
THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL CON-
MISSION REPORTS
The PrObers Favor Company Unions
and Long COnfab Brings
Puny Results

Washington-After discussing the
question for over three months, the
presidents second industrial con-
ference has made a report. Alleged
molders of public opinion cheerfully
predict that it is "the last word" on
the question of capital and labor"
and that it will be Incorporated in
political platforms.
Large numbers of industrial en-
gineers appeared before the confer
ence and the net result is company
unions" and board of eight men,
bers, only two members of which are
to be directly selected by the workers.
The conference favors collective
bargaining through shop unions"
or committees, which it suggests be
called "employe representation"
The proposed Observation-Disclosures
plan is elaborate. Over 1000 words
are used to explain it in the briefest
manner. Details are to be worked
out by the controlling board. The
plan has no element of compulsion
and it will only apply where existing
arbitration or Cancellation machinery
fails. And even then only when the
chairman agrees that the public in
terests will be furthered.
The plan provides:
Appointment by the president of
national industrial board of nine mem
bers with headquarters in Washington
The country shall be divided into
-Fegions and the president shall ap-
point regional chairmen representa-
tive of the public interest"
The president shall appoint num-
Der of employers and employees in
each region to constitute regional
boards. The secretary of commerce
and the secretary of labor shall re-
commend these names to the presi-
dent after they have conferred with
the employers and employees of the
respective regions. 1t is optional
with the two secretaries whether they
be guided by the views of the en-
ployers and employees.
When a regional chairamn is salts
fled that existing arbitration and con-
ciliation machinery can not settle a
dispute, he may take cognizance of
same, if both parties agree. Both
parties will select two names from
the list of members of the regional
board, and each party shall directly
chose two representatives. These
eight, together with the regional
chairman (who shall have no vote),
will constitute regional adjustment
conference to hear the evidence and
make an reward.
The makeup of these boards, then,
is as follows: A chairman appointed
by the president, four representatives
of the employer, two representatives
of the workers appointed by the Sec
retary of labor and two representa-
tives of the workers selected by them.
If either party fails to accept the
regional adjustment conference ma
chinery board of inquiry shall be
established and its findings made
public. These latter boards shall
consist of an equal number from both
sides who are members of the regional
board.
When a regional adjustment con-
ference is unable to make a unani-
nous agreement, the parties may re-
fer the dispute to an umpire.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
Employer Changes Mind

New York-The Mattress Makers
union reports that it's new wage scale
is being accepted. Among the first
to pay the new rate is the president
of the employers association who
vowed to high heaven that he'd un-
wrap his bank roll and spend $4,000
before he'd yield to this tyranny"
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02

the charge that it fosters crime
through the education impaired and
from the lack of moral training. But
it is easy to see how the work of the
teachers is hindered, as well as the
principals, superintendent and school
boards. 1t must be remembered that
the average school attendance the
country through is scarcely five years,
Ga deplorable fact secured from thirty
writer's on the subject, who have
close study Of public schools); and
that the average attendance of each
pupil in the rural and city schools
| is not more than six months in the
year.. The entire schooling of the
average pupil would be comprised,
therefore, to thirty months or one
hundred and twenty weeks, or about
six hundred days. Reckoning six
hours to a school day the pupil would
be under the direct influence of the
teacher three thousand six hundred
hours. The most experienced and
proficient teacher, the writer has
been informed, can teach properly
twenty five to thirty scholars. The
figures obtained from data secured
from all parts of the country show
that the most teachers have more
than thirty five pupils.
Another deplorable fact is that the
majority of school rooms are too
small and totally unfit in general for
any great number of pupils. Again,
the teachers are paid such meager
salary that they could not be ex-
pected and do not take the interest
of the pupils or their position serious
ly. This is not true in all cases but
frequently occurs.
When we note these conditions and
then recall the number of millionaires
in the country made by the world
war, and see the millions that are
being spent on political propaganda,
the words of Anthony at the funeral
of Caesar seem to express the con-
ditions of the country:
o judgment! thou art fled to bruitish
hearts,
And men have lost their reason.
Were half the power that fills the
world with terror,
Were half the wealth bestowed on
camps and courts
Given to redeem the human mind
from error,
There were no need from arsenals
and forts. --Longfellow.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
LabOr'S Political Banner UnfurIed

washington -- Every American
citizen has a right to express his
Nopinion about the issues at stake and
every American citizen has a right
to vote in helping to determine what
shall be the concrete expression of
the whole people. Likewise every
group has the same right" says Pres
ident Gompers, writing under the
caption "Labor's Political Banner I'm
furled," in American Federationist,
April issue.
"The fight is on" says the A. F. of
l.. executive. "In this fight labor will
seek the election of fit candidates by
a show of the records and of the
facts. Labor has no weapon but the
truth, no force but the force of reason
and argument. It's appeal is the well
fare of the American nation, the
safeguarding of the American dem
ocracy
Labor, in this campaign, as al
ways, is fighting the battle of the
American people against that small
but powerful group which constantly
and surreptitiously filches from the
people their liberty and perverts
justice.
'"The enemies Of labor will go to
great lengths to show that labor's
fight is narrow and partisan fight
for the sole benefit of union men.
"Labor's hight is a partisan fight
for the benefit of union men; par
tisan fight for principles which are
Of benefit to union and all men.
Labor is not something that is i'm
personal. 1t is not like a machine
nor is it like corporation. 1t is the
sum total of the lives of all those
who are useful to the world.
Therefore, the interest of labor in
legislation is no limited interest
falling between any two given points.
1t is an interest that completes the
circle touching everything that has to
do with human relations.
Congress cannot do any single
thing in which labor is not inter-
ested."
To indicate the range of labor's
thought and activity, President Com
pers has selected several of labor's
declarations. These include the state
ment that at is the duty of trade
unionists, their friends and SYM
pathizers and all lovers of freedom,
justice and democratic ideals and in
stitutions to unite in defeating those
seeking public office who are indiffer-
ent or hostile to the peoples interests
and the aspirations of labor"
A summary of the other selected
declarations and remedies for present
evils follow:
High cost of living and profteering
-Deflation of currency; prevention
of boarding and unfair price fixing;
Rochdale cooperative movements;
making accessible all income tax re-
turns and dividend declarations to
reveal excessive costs and profits;
publicity of profits.
Cooperation - Many problems in
production, transportation and dis
tribution could be solved by coop
Grafton, which presents an almost
limitless field.
High cost of living and housing
The government should build model
homes and make it possible for
workers to borrow money at a low
rate of interest to build their own
homes. Credit should be extended to
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
SIPS For "'Brickies"

St. Louis - Through one-year
agreement with the Master Builders
association, organized bricklayers
will be paid $1.25 an hour, instead Of
$1.12h. Foremen will be paid an
additional 10 cents ar hour.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
Printers Raise Wages

New Orleans-A new commercial
shop agreement negotiated by Typo
graphical union No. II advances
rates $10.50 a week for hand men
and $3.50 for machine men.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
To End Building Strikes

San Francisco-The building trades
council and organized contractors
have signed an agreement to adjust
disputes without resorting to strikes
and lock outs.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
Press men Raise Wages

Pressmen's Home, Tenn. = Nearly
two score Of wage agreements have
been secured the past month by locals
affiliated with the International
Printing Pressmen and Assistants
union.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
Eight Hours for TailOrs

Lima, Ohio-An eight-hour day has
been established by the Journeymen
Tailors' union. Coatmakers and
bushelmen are advanced to 70 cents
and hour and pants and vest makers
to 60 cents.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
Wire Men Raise Wages

New Haven, Gonna new wage
rate has been agreed to by Electrical
Workers. union No. 90 and organized
electrical contractors. The old rate
of IS cents an hour will be advanced
to 8212 cents on June / and to 93%
cents on September 1.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02

st. Louis, Mo.-A wage increase of
25 cents an hour has been secured by
400 electrical workers, beginning July
Is next. The new rate will be $1.25
an hour for joulneymen and $1.3712
for foremen.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
Metal Workers Gain

Dallas, Texas-The new union shop
agreement of Sheet Metal Workers
union No. 25 advances rates from 81
to So.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
Clerks Reduce Hours

birmingham, Mass.-Retail clerks
in this city have reduced the work
week from 611a to So hours and ad-
vanced wages 20 per cent.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
ROOfers Organize

Jacksonville, Fla.-Slate and tile
composition roofers have organized
and affiliated with the trade union
movement.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
Painters Raise Wages

ST. Louis, Mo.-Painters have raised
wages to 81 an hour until September
Is, when the rate will be $1.25 an
hour.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
LABOR'S PROGRESS
advances Made and Better Conditions
Secured All Over the Country
River Men Unite

Evansville, Ind. - Masters, mates
and pilots have organized and will at
tempt to improve working conditions.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
Plumbers Make Gains

Wallace, Idaho-The new rate of
organized plumbers is SO day. The
former wage was So.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
WAGE INCREASES
Gains in Wages Made by Organized
Labor Throughout the Nation
Teamsters Raise Wages

Visaiia, Cal-Organized teamsters
have increased their daily wage from
81 to $8
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-04-02
Portland, Ore-The Retail Clerks
union reports that many stores are
signing their new agreement.
Idaho Workers Uniting

Boise, Idaho-Anti-trade union en-
ployers in this state have discarded
the frayed and tattered "open" shop
cry and now talk about the "Ameri-
can plan" The workers have exposed
the sham and have concluded to
practice real Americanism by insist
ing on conditions that befit Ameri-
cans. AS a result new unions are
being formed and old ones strength
ened.
The Washington times., 1920-09-12
THE FUTURE

weaklings, low-browed, and nerved,
their constitutions sapped by the vices
and excesSeS of their ancestors. The
first two factors are fixed. You cannot
change the natural resources of the
country to any great extent, and only
through slowly swaying centuries can
you change the native ability of the
people. The third factor is the acquired
abilty-the thing you call education"
that comes directly or indirectly from
and through the schools. That is the
variable factor, and as it varies so
does the product of material wealth
vary. .... t....
Call the natural resources of the
country; call Y the native ability of the
people Four times six is twenty-four
Then, suppose you give the value zone"
to the ability acquired by education;
the product is twenty-four. But in
crease that. Double it. Make it two,
and six times two times four times is
forty-eight Make il three, and six
times three times four times is seventy
two. Six times four times five is one
hundred and twenty. And six times
four times five times ten is two hun
dred and forty. And, so far as you
have been able to find, the formula
holds without variation for all the
values that you may give to ability
acquired by education.
If you wish to ascertain whether it
is true or not imagine for moment
that all the education of the people
should pass away. We forget our
science, our mathematics, our medicine,
we forget to read and write, and all
the education and training that diff
ferentiateS us from the Savagery and
barbarism of our forefathers, is swept
away. Then watch to see what takes
place. Your wealth would be gone.
Ninety-nine per cent of all the wealth
of this country is due to the schools
and teachers of the country. The
teachers are the important wealth pro-
ducers of the country as no other
people are; and to reproduce the wealth
to pay the debts, and feed, clothe,
The Washington times., 1920-09-12
OF AMERICA

ly as possible, for every individual to
arrive at the full stature of manhood
to stand erect and feel that he is son
That there may be culture for the
great mass OF people--as nearly as
possible for all of them-it is necessary
that we shall not only extend our edu-
cation, but that we shall readjust il and
readapt il. use the word "readjust"
rather than reconstruct because recon-
struction has come to carry with II in
the minds of the people the idea of
building with new material.
But the material is the old material
human nature. The laws of nature
are above us, in the earth beneath U.S.
in the heavens above US; and the ,rela-
ton of man to man. Things are what
they have been. II is readjustment
and readaptation to new conditions that
is necessary. For that reason il is
essential that we shall not permit our
schools to lose any of their efficiency.
Instead, il is essential that their eff
cheney be increased. 1t is essential that
the opportunities of the schools be ex-
tSuoSu w al NAuoiCu VI All tuC
people. and to the grown-up people as
well who have lacked opportunity. Thus
shall we readiust our education in such
way that it will meet the new de-
mands.
But the schools belong, not to the
teacher or. the school officer, but to
the people who organized them, who
provided for them in the beginning,
who pay for them, and who use them
for their good. If you or would have
piece of real estate improved we
would not ask primarily the hired man,
the tenant, or the one put in charge
of it temporarily. We would 60 to the
owner of it, the man who pays for it,
and who must determine, after all, the
question of Improvement, and who
will receive, finally, the benefit of the
improvement made.
The schools of the United States
belong to the people. We, the teachers,
The Washington times., 1920-09-12

and shelter the world, and to give il
a start economically again, ii is in
cumbent upon us to educate all the
people for the highest quality and
degree of production.
We are the Oldest of the democra-
cies of the world. The world shall
learn from us largely. They look to us
not only for theory but example. And
the world is chaotic Extreme reaction
in any country always follows when
people become disgusted with the other
tendency toward class government.
After the Napoleonic Wars and the
French Revolution, they swept back
again, for generation, into autocracy
and then they began to build once
more on the principles of freedom.
There is today grave danger Of class
government, of misunderstanding of
what democracy is. ..
II will require a high degree of
civic and political knowledge and wis
dom to enable us for the next gcner-
alton to walk the same path of de-
mocracy, between reaction on the one
side and class government-anarchistic
diSintegration-on the other, because
both of these tendencies are in the
world rampant. They are, in one form
or another, in various parts of the coun-
try. The world is now so closely knit
together that whatever affects one part
of it affects all. Therefore, for our
political salvation, it is necessary that
we educate our people to degree we
have not before.
"But man cannot live by bread
alone" We are not merely animal to
eat and be comfortable bodily and
physically. Man is political animal,
and politics is the highest science known
among men, and the noblest, if rightly
practiced But we are not political
animals alone. Our human being is
something more than that, and material
wealth and political organization exist
only that man may come to his own
spiritually in sweetness and light with
all culture; and that there may be
equality and full opportunity, as near
The Washington times., 1920-09-12

great destruction of the war has been
going on, the old things have passed
away, and behold, all things are be-
coming new! A new world, new
civilization, and new order OF things
are gradually emerging. "The time
that tries mems souls' is not during
the passion of war. At that time. our
very animal nature spurs us on to do
whatever is to be done. The time
that tries mems souls comes after the
war The time that tries mems souls
comes when the enthusiasm recedes,
and when the great constructive tasks
begin.
Not since the fall of the Roman
Empire-certainly not since the build
ing of the modern nations-haS the
world had an opportunity such as it
now has; and the opportunity and re-
sponsibility rest chiefly on US here in
these United States. No country has
been looked to as we are looked to
by all the world since the fall Of the
Roman Empire, and more depends on
us than we can easily understand.
But in the democracy all things wait
on education-the reproduction of the
wealth OF the world, and the creation
of wealth to take the place of that
which has been destroyed.
In 1908 the indebtedness of all the
nations of the world was only about
thirty-six billion dollars-most of that
for old wars The Indebtedness of the
United States today is good two
thirds of that, and other nations pile
up their hundreds of millions. The
total Indebtedness of the world must
be paid by wealth-and wealth de-
pends on the education of the people.
There are only three factors in the
production of material wealth. One is
the natural resources of the country,
the fertility of the soil, the forests, the
mines. the water power. the climatic
conditions, and other things of that
kind. The second factor is the native
body of the people-whether they may
be tall, broad-shouldered, three-story
human types, or whether they are