Evening star., 1920-02-22
JAPANESE RADICALLY
DIFFER FROM CHINESE
Continued from First Page.)

month contains a like statement. BY
treaty with Korea in November, 1905,
Japan assumed control Of the foreign
affairs of that country, and in July.
1903. virtually took charge of her do
nestle affairs.
Prince Ito. who had been appointed
resident general in 1906. declared in
1908 that 1t was not Japan's purpose
to annex Korea, but in 1903 that
Korea must be amatgamAted.- In Au-
gust, 1910, came the Anal step. A
treaty was signed with Korea provid-
ing: His majesty the Emperor or
Korea makes complete and permanent
cession to his majesty the Emperor OF
japan of all rights of sovereignty
over the whole of Korea"
A similar change of policy has been
manifest in regard to China since the
Russian war. cotemporaneously with
declarations of observance of the open
door and the integrity of that coun-
try.
The South Manchurian railway. ceded
to japan by Russia as one Of the
fruits of her victory, has been used
as means for penetration Of one Of
the largest and most productive por-
tions of China. and lease of twen-
ty-five years, which expires in 1928.
was extended in 1915 to ninety-nine
years. Trade advantages and conces-
sions in mines and forests have been
sought and obtained by diplomatic
pressure.
! japan has made demands that she
shall have exclusive rights in the
building Of railroads in large areas
Ports are to be opened to foreign
trade in shantung province, but the
Japanese minister must be consulted
before a decision is reached. The
agreement with Russia that China
should have the right to redeem the
South Manchurian railway has been
Cancelled The right is secured TO
the Japanese to lease or purchase the
necessary land for erecting suitaDie
buildings for trade or manufacturing
purposes or for prosecuting agricui-
tural purposes in south Manchuria
and adjacent localities.
IF foreign capital is required for the
building Of railways in e,a soutn man, NAN
Japanese capitalists first. If foreign
advisers are to De employed there
Iapanese must be employed nrst.
Similar agreements have oeen mace
in regard to inner eastern Mongona.
These are not the twenty-one de-
mands made early in 1915. but pro-
visiors Of actual treaties negotiateo.
IYnder the agreements detailed, ana
in view of conditions actually exist
ing the control of Japan in south
Manchuria is almost as absolute as IN
Korea, which has been formally an
nexed.
A disposition to exclude other for
eimpers was manifested when con-
tract practically completed Detween
the Chinese government ana no oan ane
struction of dockyard ana navai
base in Fukien province was soan-
doned on the protest of the -Japa-
nese government. In this province
Japan is obtaining foothoid OF the
! same nature as in Manchuria. Last
all M
considered in another article.
without authority by treaty and in
violation of the comfy between ma
tions, 100 Japanese troops. having
! wireless station. are sta1ionea at nan
kow. Japanese post offices located In
China have evaded the customs exam
ination, thereby making possible the
I importation of large quantities OF
opium. 1t does not seem possible that
these and other similar acts of ag-
eression in China have the consent of
Premier Hars or of the minister OF
foreign affairs. Viscount Uchida. an
! accomplished diplomat, very raVora-
bly, remembered at Washington. where
, he was ambassador from 1919 10 1911
1t seems more natural to ascribe
them to the irresponsible military ac-
| tion of bureaucrats, who are restive
under orders from Toxic. In the
meantime, helpless China. rent in
twain by factions. disposed to rely
upon her own initiative. shows signs
of awakening. Military resistance is
hopeless. but there are signs that a
spirit of nationality is not entirely
dead.
| Power i'm Chinese Boycott.
/ The Chinese can make use of the
boycott with an effectiveness utterly
/ beyond the comprehension of a west
erner There is a very well equip
ped department store in Canton with
| a hotel attached; the owners were ac-
cused of selling Japanese goods. In
November last a multitude of clerks
| on many floors were almost absolute
| ly idle. Similar establishments in
/ Shanghai and Hongkong were suffer-
! ing serious lapses for similar rea-
son. Boycotts are usually ineffective
and sometimes absurd. but this one is
widespread and has continued for a
| considerable time.
l The situation is not without serious