davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1920-08-13

The literary history Of the raven be-
gins with Noah and Elijah. Natural.
lists call him 1.-The most wary. the most
amusing, the cleverest of BIRDS" He
has also been described as grave, dig.
nified and sedate and many instances
have been given Of the peculiarities Of
this historical bird.
The bill Of the raven Is formidable
weapOn-strong, stout, sharp at the
edges curved toward the tip. It Is his
one weapon Of Offense. hut 1t answers
the purpose Of two or three. Like the
dirk Of the oldtime p!ainsn,an. It IL
equally available as q dagger or as Q
carving knife. 1t can also be used al
a pair Of pincers. It can kill rat at
one blow. The raven Gun drive Its beak
right through the spines of hedgehog.
1t Is said that the raven will never at.
tack a man. II this be true. 1t Is, It
is thought. not SO much from any de-
feet Of courage as from the birds
keen intellectual perception Of what
will pay and what will not.
Like most Of his tribe. the raven 10.
in the strictest sense of the word. ON.
nivorous. His dietary ranges from n
worm to a whale"
When his nest Is built. as It general.
" is. beneath some overhanging rock
| which quite c0nceals It from view from
above. its position may sometimes he
discovered ny the remains Of rabbit
neatly laid In the short grass at the top
of the cliff In what might he called
his 'larder" But larler implies an
amount Of economy and self-restratnt
that It is not in the raven to practice.
In districts where food Is scarce the
ravens will attack without scrup'e a
newly horn lamb or even q sheep that
has been cast.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1920-08-13

awarded to only one nurse of ma
ton each year. Thus these six women
represent Americas high roll of nurs.
ing since the outbreak Of the Great
War in 1914. The Florence Nightin.
gale medal was established in 1912.
II can he awarded 'only to trained
nurses who may have especially dis
tinsuiShed themselves by great and
exceptional devotion to the sick and
wounded in peace or war;"
The Florence Nightingale medal IL
well named. Florence Nightingale
NS2O-1?lO was the pioneer of trained
army nursing. She was an English.
woman. born in Florence. She became
interested in nursing early and went
through courses Of training in France
ana Germany. She then made study
OF hospital methods in Europe. She
became the friend of the ragged
schools and other similar institutions
of London.
Opportunity Knocked at her door in
the Crimean war. In 1854 reports Of
the awful conditions surrounding the
wounded and sick reached London
and she sailed for Scutari with a staff
Of rs volunteer nurses. There she
tOiled until the British troops left the
town in 1915. Her nightly round Of
the wards won for her from the sol.
diers the title of Lady With the
Lamp" She not only nursed the sick
and wounded but started educational
classes and organized reading.
Fame rewarded her. Her country
made her gift Of s25O.OOO. With
| this she founded a training home for
nurses. Soon she became a general
! adviser Of the civilized world in mat
tiers Of. nursing and sanitary reform.
Her example and influence brought
abont the organization Of the Red
Cross society. She wrote "Notes on
Hospitals" uS59) and 'Notes on
Nursing" uSGO).
So the name of Florence Nightin.
! gale calls up brave picture of wo-
manly devotion. made more valuable
by trained skill The records Of the
six American women honOred with the
| Florence Nightingale medal show that
they are worthy recipients OF this
highly-prized decoration. The SIX
nurses are:
Helen Scott Hay. Washington. d. C
Florence Merriam Johnson, New
York City.
Martha NJ. Russell. Boulder. Colo.
Alma f.. Forester. Chicago. III.
Linda X. Meirs. Boston. Mass.
Mary F.. Gladwin. New York City.
All six Of these nurses saw servic,
abroad Following is condensed
record "f their training and services:
Miss Hay. present chief nurse O
the American Rel Cross commissio,
for Europe. is. graduate OF North
western university and the Illinois
Training School for Nurses. Chicago
Her career includes service as hea,
nurse at Iowa State Hospital for tn
Insane; superintendent of nurses Fl
county institutions. Dunning, III.
snperint endent Of Pasadena hosplta
and of the Illinois Training School 70
; Nurses. She went overseas in charg
Of American Red Cross nurses on tn
Red Cross ship in 1914 and becam
chief nurse of Unit &C" Kief. Russia
was appointed director, bureau of II
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1920-08-13
:" 'Flapper,' Give Up Seat"
Say Women of London

1.ondon.-"You may have my
seat. SIR" is what the ''fiapper"
should say when she finds a
tired, overworked business man
standing near her in a London
train or bus. This revolution in
feminine department Is suggest.
ed not by the men but by Eng
lishwomen who object to their
husbands surrendering seats In
public conveynnces to girls and
women returning home after
frivolous errandS.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1920-08-13
Expert Mice catehers.

The barn owl. when she has young.
brings mouse to her nest about ev-
cry ~ minutes. AS she is actively
employed at both evening and dawn.
and as both male and female hunt, 70
mice q day is a low computation for
the total ALPHABETICALLY Eagle.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1920-08-13

about forty-fve years. to the second
danger point. Is theoretically possible
by the elimination of preventable aud
premature decay"
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1920-08-13

hospital. Pueblo. Colo; Mayo Broth.
ers' hospital. Rochester, Minn.;
American hospital, Mexico City. She
went overseas on the Red Cross ship.
serving with unit &C." Germany. in
1914: was assigned to army nurse
corps, Fort Bliss. Ell Paso. Texas.
1916. going with the American Red
Cross commission to Roumania In
1917. She was decorated by the
Roumanian government.
Miss Forester sailed on the Red
Cross ship for service in Russia in
1914 with unit "H;" served under the
1917, and returned to Russia In 1918.
serving at Archangel. She Is a gradu'
ate Of the Presbyterian Hospital
Training School for Nurses, Chicago.
Ill.,; has been public health nurse with
the Infant Welfare association and the
Jewish Aid society, Chicago; rendered
disaster service with the American
Red Cross nursing service in the Ohio
flood. 1918; in charge Of out.pat'ent
obstetrical department of Rush Medi'
cal college. Chicago.
r Miss 'Gladwih sailed on the Red
Cross ship. September, 1914. AS super
| visor Of unit a." assigned to Nish.
Serbia. remaining in that country al
most continuously until January. 1919.
She is a graduate Of Boston City hos
r:tal. Boston. Mass. has been SUPER
intendent Of nurses, Woman's hospital.
New York City. and rendered emerg'
ency service under the Red Cross In
the Ohio food, 1918.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1920-08-13
BEAT RENT HOGS
BY COOPERATION

First came the club house. which Is
always the first social move OF the
Films wherever they go. 1t is All at
tractive building. with coffee and game
rooms. smoking parlors. women's club
rooms, and an auditorium where pub
lie meetings. dances and theatricals
are held. To the Finn drama is al
most as essential as food. so that the
people do not consider it an eXtrava-
gance to employ a dramatic coach for
their young people. Across from the
club house is the cooperative re':au.
rant. and nearby is lot which some
day. when building conditions become
a trifle more stable, is to support CO.
operative moving picture house.
The chief activity of the club house
soon became the voicing of discomfort
with living conditions. The Firms. hav.
ing come 10 America. the land Of op-
portunty. seeking relief from stern
and exnctinC environments. We're frank
~ disappointed. They found them
selves crowded into grimy tenementS.
with insufficient heat and water and
light and air. and unable to earn
enough to obtain anything better. The
wages which had appeared so high to
them from the other side of the ocean
seemed to shrink visibly as they We're
doled out for food and rent and
clothes.
America Worse Than Finland.
After ALL" declared one of the Fin.
niSh apartment house dwellers the 9TH
err day. "it was just as bad as in Fin
land, only in some ways it was a little
worse because it was all Strange-the
country. the language and the ways OF
the people. In some of the tenement
flats the kitchen was the only room
that was heated. and it was not large
enough to hold all Of the family at
once. The children caught colds GO
ing from heated rooms to unheated
ones. and half the time in those old
houses the water failed TO run from
the spigot So that il was hard for u
TO keep clean. II is still so. When
You tell the landlords. they say they
cannot afford to make repairs"
But the Films We're not satisfied
merely to discuss conditions. The!
decided To change them. The carpen
tiers and the painters and plaSterers
and the paperhansers among their
knew a good deal about building. and
they finally suggested the idea Of a co
operatiseiy owned apartment house
They realized that il would be a huge
undertaking for families with so little
capital. but experience In Finland ha5
taught them The value of cooperation
In the beginning, 20 families We're in
terested i'll the project. but when II
actually came to the stage of signing
contracts and buying ground anc
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1920-08-13

IN American women
have been awarded the
Florence. Nightingale
medal. This medal Is
the highest decoration
Of tile nursing world.
1t is awarded by the
International Commit
tee Of the Red Cross,
Geneva, 1t NAV be
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1920-08-14
Decline i'm Wheat
Follows Improved
European Reports
Canadian Crop Estimate Of
262 Million Bushels Used
by Bears to Depress Que
tations; Cash Is Weaker

The more favorable turn in the Euro
pean situation growing out of the
armistice talk had its effect in the
wheat market yesterday by causing
quite general realizing and a decline
in prices, which left them finally 31eQ
37sc net lower.
At the opening, when the market was
Influenced by reports of lighter coun-
try offerings, and evidences Of the pre-
vlous days export business, which
some estimated as high as million
bushels, there was an advance Of ,
cents a bushel, bat the buying was
scattered and seemed to be mostly
from shorts, so that the arm istice news
coming later found the market easily
responsive and prices gave way fully
312 to 6'2c from the highest morning
figures.
Some Of this loss was subsequently,
regained, bat the general trend Of the
market all days was in the direction
OF bearahness, partly inspired by the
Canadian estimate OF 262 600, 900 bush
els, which was II excess Of even the
highest private estimate. and not in
harmony with the recent advices claim
ing deterioration III the Canadian
Northwest. As TO domestic spring
wheat states, however, there seems
little doubt but that conditions had
gone backward since the government
report, as both Snow and THE Modern
Miller" noted damage and generally IN
favorable conditions, which are likely
to reduce ultimate yields below the
262 100000 predicted by the govern
ment.
For the first time in some days. how
ever, the cash markets were not buoy
ant, ard in some cases showed declines
of to 5 cents a bushel. Congestion
was reported at both New Orleans and
Galveston. because Of heavy arrivals
and no ships, causing temporary en-
bargoes to be placed on these points
until the situation is relieved While
exporters are still showing interest in
wheat, 10 further business was re-
ported, partly because OF the light
offerings.
The cash market here was barely
steady, as follows; No. , red and No 2
hard, 500; No. , mixed durum, S285,
all c. j. + track, New York export,
August shipment.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1920-08-14

prices are too high to interest them at
the moment. The local sugar futures
market opened at decline of 25 to As
points, with Cuban longs selling on the
dcmoralized market for actual sugar
The market seemed little oversold
and late months steadied sharply at
the close, final prices being Is points
net lower to AS points net higher
Coffee F'utures--Yestsrdays coffee mar
lSet was declining affair almost from the
start The early official cables reported
weaker Rio and Santos market, and later
advices reported firm offers N the cost and
freight market about at the lowest point
yet reached, indicating that shippers in
the primary markets were making every
effort 10 sell coffee.
Receipts are coming to the ports in large
quantities. ard so far for the season are
greatly in excess Of last year and of Two
The market here opened at declines Of
"A to IS points stop loss orders being met
on the way down. which weakened the en-
tire list carrying active months into new
low ground. So 10 A points net lower,
by early afternoon.
There was a slight rally at the close on
covering of shorts for over the holidays,
finai prices showing net losses OF 26 to 4S
The local spot market was dun and
prices lower Rio rs being quoted at u c
to qiac and Santos As a 15i4 &C 20 l6c.
The range of prices follows:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1920-08-14
National Oil Notes

Question: own $1,000 Island OH and
b lrahspoF1 cr Is, due in September 1920. NY
National Oil Company of New Jersey -
at IS Il and interest. What do YOU con-
slider the rating Of the National OH?
Do you Consider that Island oil Stock STOCK j,
d sood buy at its present priceses-AI. D. 3.
Answer-The National Oil Company
was incorporated August 8, 1910, IN New
Jersey. 1t is a holding company, own
ing the outstanding stocks of the fol-
lowing concerns: Fifty thousand dollars
National Shipbuilding Company of
Texas, $4,000 Seaboard Oil and Rein
ing Company Of Texas, 100000 Ma
tional Oil Company Of Maine, $780,
600 National Oil transport Company.
100000 pesos National Oil COMPANY Of
Mexico, $4,000 pesos National Oil Term
inal Company of South America and
$4,000 pesos United States and Mexico
Banana Company. These various COM
panies own acreage in Texas and Louis
lana, pipe lines, tankers, etc One plant
has charging capacity of $4,000 bar
rels of oil monthly. 1t owns a terminal
at Galveston. The capital is $3.50 900
per cent preferred and S14,70O, 600
common, $40 par. Regular dividends
are paid on the senior isuue. There
are S5,0O0,000 T per cent bonds due
from May /, 1922, to May /, 1925.
These are secured, through pledge Of
subsidiary stocks, and are, we are in
formed, first lien on all properties
now owned or acquired from the pro-
ceeds Of these bonds The net income
for 1919 after interest. depreciation,
depletion and amortization, but before
Federal taxes, was $1,0O7 1924, against
S232, 037 in 1918. Interest on this issue
will require $350,000 per annum, so
that if the 1919 earnings are main
tanned the margin is ample However,
the oil producing business is an uncer-
tain one, and while these notes appear
to be safe enough, judging by the earn
iAgs for 1919 we do not feel justified
in giving the note more than specu-
lative investment rating. We do not
attempt to forecast prices. The Island
Oil and Transport appears to be show
ing satisfactory operations at present.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1920-08-14
Union Pacific and Atchison

:, Question: have 100 shares or Triton
isclnc preferred and, believing the future
am seriously considering the sahl13tv
~ increasing my holding, not only because
h,, co h 1t would be q safe investments
1rI because or the speculative possibilities
Union Pacific common sells duly Ak al
~. ~. & Union Pacific preferred sells at IS
Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe common soils
at 1874; Atchison, Topeka & Santa Pc pre-
Tered sells at T29s Thus the preferred of
Union Pacific pays about per cent on the
investment and the Atchison, a per cent
STOCK about $50 per cent.A | have travcia5
oyer both the Union Pacific and the ssrta
~, ~ ,od ii ana was greatly impressed with
me roiiing stock Of the latter as cornared
WIN that or any other road on which r
rode. and thus formed a very good i'm
preston or the management Of the com
pany. Notwithstanding the apparent Az
terence in the opinion of financial exnerts
or or ne value OF the shares OF the Union
racine and the Santa Fee Gas evidenced bs,
lhe prices at which their common ond
preferred stocks selD L am inclined to in
IN preferred Santa Fe stock, especially as
l would receive a better rate on tho in
vestInent, $50 as compared to per cent.
don't care to trust my own nan-in-tbe.
street (who is not in the ''street" bv the
Way. and ask your advice reminding YOU
OF the fact that recent illness has made
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe adjustment 4
per cent bonds sell duly 3D for SIS X .
preferred stock. Would you decide on The
pc nds in preference to Union Pacific pre-
f flT. O. n Want hant, long term bonds il de
such? And are they we'll secured e NJ
Answer-It is our opinion that Atchi-
son is one of the best roads in the
country. Its management is efficient
and during the period of government
control of the railroads it was one of
the few systems able to earn more than
the amount of compensation, in spite
OF increased operating costs with no
appreclable advance in rates. Union
Pacific, too, is well managed system.
and 1t also earned more than the COM
pensation. Union Pacific is large
holder of stocks of other roads. and
the dividends paid on Union Pacific
stocks are derived in large part from
its own Investments In spite of the
fact that Union Pacific preferred sells
on lower basis than Atchison pre-
TERED, we do not believe it to be en-
titled to any better rating We con-
slder both among the highest grade Of
railroad stocks. Atchison adjustment
per cent due 1895 are secured Sec b -'y
second lien on the proprty covered by
the general mortgage / per cent 1895,
about s,540 miles of road. The Atchi-
son convertible per cent 1865. no
longer convertible, are a direct obli-
cation of the company. The indenture
provides that no new mortgage except
to secure further issues executed prior
thereto shall be executed against the
lines owned January /, 1905, without
equally securing these bonds. The
present price is about 50, yielding over
e, per cent. These bonds come before
the preferred stock Of course. We
regard all the Atchison issues highly.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1920-08-14
So a Bale Decline
In August Cotton
In sIaaky Market
Weakness of Near Months in
Face of Small Notices Is
Feature of Trading; Later
Deliveries Are Stronger

The feature III a nervous and unset
tied cotton market yesterday was the
relative weakness of near months. Only
a couple Of August notices were re-
ported in circulation, but the price
broke to 322S under the liquidation Of
few contracts, IL points below
the closing quotation Of Thursday. or
more than SIS bale.
This. combined with the downward
revision of the nominal middling quo
tation of Savannah, seemed to inspire
liquidation Of October, and some os
the local spot houses which have been
sending oct buliish advices were
credited with selling October broke
from 8l65 10 31.12, closing at 3i3l,
compared with 31.37 yesterday Later
deliveries We're less Influenced by the
break in August, the general market
closing steady at q net decline of 175
points on August, while October and
December were s to points lower and
later deliveries 9 10 10 points higher
TIE continued wet weather and more
encouraging news from Poland were
cons -ereG the factors on an early ad-
vance After opening to 90 points
higher the market eascd Of pretty
shar1. right after the call, but soon
hrmed up again and before the end
Of the morning sold 20 to So points net
higher. Trading was comparatively
qrse- on the advance and the failure
Of demand 70 broaden seemed q disap-
continent to recent buyers.
Il was reported that 1900 bales Of
cotton had been sold out Of the local
s,ock for export at Zoo points on
October, but the weakness of August
suggested that more cotton might come
here Tor delivery before the maturity
CT the active fall month. So far this
month about 500 bales Of cotton have
been certidcated by the local inspec-
ton bureau.
! good many scattering complaints
Of too much rain were received from
the South. bat late in the afternoon
rather moro favorable crop advices
We're received from Georgia, coupled
WITH reports Of very slow spot de-
nand. southern spot markets as Off
cisi = reported were unchanged to 80
points lower, with middling quotations
rang.nr from $500 to the nominal price
Of $500 reported at Charleston.
The local market for spot cotton was
quiet and $50 points lower at $3.50 for
niddliae: no sales were reported.
The range Of prices follows.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1920-08-14
Bonds
5000 Sailed p ga
German Internal Bonds
Spain Demands Gold

MADRID, August 12.~All import and
export duties will after August 16 be
payable in gold, either Spanish or
coins minted by the nations forming
the Latin Monetary Union, England,
the United States or other nations au-
thorized by the Ministry Of Finance.
according to a royal decree issued to-
day by that department. Silver coins
from the Spanish mint and bank notes
from the Bank Of Spain will, however,
be accepted at rates fixed monthly by
the ministry, according to the market
rate in London.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1920-08-14
Common and Preferred Defined

Question: have few hundred dollars
IN savings bank which would like to
Wltndraw and invest in bonds with Sc
cLrity Of principal IA the main object.
VIII you name several high grade bonds
with the maximum amount of safety and
high interest rates, with dates Of matur-
ity? Would you also give the address Of
reliable agency through which to OBJ
tain them? What is the meaning of tho
to stock ana bonds what is the rate rate
Of commission charged by brokerage
houses for buying bonds? advised
hold several Years till they advance SUBJ
stantia!ly. What is your opinion Nv. E.
Answer-The following bonds yield
from 6 per cent to over per cent. All
are we'll secured and in each case the
earnings of the issuing company are
ample to care for the current charges
and leave a substantial surplus be-
sides: New York Telephone first and
refunding 4 IL per cent, 1889; Western
Union Telegraph real estate Z per
cent, 1850; Illinois Steel ~ per cent,
1870; New York Dock first 1 per cent,
1851; United States Rubber 1st and re-
funding per cent, 1947. Communicate
with any members of the New York
Stock Exchange whose advertisements
appear in The Tribune. The usual
commission in bonds is $1.25 for $1,000
par value. Preferred stock (the term
preferred is not applied to bonds) is
the issue which enjoys privileges be-
fore the common stock benefits. Divi-
Gends must be paid on preferred stock
before any may be declared on the
common As a rule, however, the divi-
dends on preferred stock are limited,
after which the common stock derives
the benefits of the company's earnings.
American Tobacco preferred, for ex-
ample, is limited to 6 per cent per an
mum. This has been paid for many
years. The common stock, however,
until lately, paid 20 per cent per an
rum. Here is an illustration of why
many common stocks sell higher than
the senior issue.