The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-11-28
RADIATOR NEEDS
 PROTECTION NOW Studebaker Head Warns Own CTS When Cold Weather
 Creeps Upon Us

"When the frost Is on the pumpkin.
 you can depend upon it being in close
 proximity to your cooling system" says George w. Sweet, national service man
 ager for the Studebaker corporauon'
 South Bend Ind. This notorious Jack
 Frost, sworn enemy of the motor car Is
 no respecter of persons. He will attack
 the cooling system of any car if given
 the slightest opportunity, and if you
 are inclined to be careless or forgetful
 at about this time of the year, you had
 better watch out.
 "This is the open season for anti
 freezing solutions and car owners will save themselves much annoyance and
 considerable expense if they will but heed this warning and take ordinary precautions.
 There are three substances in gen. eral use for making anti-freeze solu- tions, each of which can be prepared by the owner himself and used without having to consult the professional me- chanic. Alcohol is probably the most popular of all anti i-freeze agents; gly- cerin has proven very effective, but It's cost during the war made US use al most prohibitive to the ordinary
 owner. Calcium chloride is perhaps the
 most easily prepared solution of all' and for that reason, is widely used.
 But to my mind it is absolutely wrong. Calcium chloride is a mighty dangerous solution to use. The comme mercial prod uct, sold in solid form or in aqueous so- lutions as an anti-freeze mixture, IS highly injurious because of the action on the components of the cooling sys- tenn. Such alkaline solutions are pro- ductive of an electrical action where ever two dissimilar metals are utilized, such as the brass tubing of radiator and the solder used at the joints. the iron water jackets and the brass or copper plates. I strongly advise against the use of all. soluble salts be- cause of their harmful action on the metal. ~
 "A summary of the opinions of motor car manufacturers as to the value or various anti-freeze solutions shows a decided preference for alcohol and glycerine Neutral alcohol does not act on metal or on the rubber connections. But the alcohol in the solution will evaporate more rapidly than the water The solution should be watched care fully and the alcohol replenished from time to time
 If 96 per cent alcohol is used, the following solution will be found ade- quate for all ordinary temperatures (By volume):
 Alcohol part. water parts, approx innate specific gravity, 0.97-will freeze
 at 10 degrees above zero. Alcohol 1 part, water parts, approx innate specific gravity 0.sS-will freeze at zero.8
 Alcohol;1 part. water 1 part approx innate specific gravity, 0.935--wlll freeze at 20 below zero.
 Neutral glycerine does not act on metal, but does act on rubber connec- tions If used the hose connections should be examined frequently to pre-
 vent disintegration and consequent leaks It can be prepared as follows. {By volume):
 Glycerine 1 part, water parts, ap- proximate specific gr3vity 1.OS-will
 freeze at 10 degrees above zero
 Glycerine 1 part. water parts ap-
 proximate specific gravity l.lo-will
 freeze at zero.
 Glycerine parts water parts, ap-
 proximate specific gravity 11S-wiii
 freeze at 20 below zero.
 q have found that the unoleacheo
 variety of glycerine, which may De pro-
 cured at practically any drug store. IS
 not only cheapest, but best"