The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-02-05

CITIZEN
temporary officers who. with their reg
ular officers. win complete their quota
Of the $4,000. These selections are well
under way and n will he necessary
that the discharge from the service Of
oil temporary officers Not ~ selected
for retention. be accomplished before
November I. 1919.
THIS means the discharge within the
next five weeks ~ approximately TO-
900 emergency officers. most Of whom
whom there are no vacancies under
the law. In determining the manner
In which temporary officers are to be
retained. the department has been
guided by the consideration that the
immediate commanders Know best the
relative merits Of the officers under
their command and are hest qualified
10 Judge which officers viii be OF the
greatest value to the military estab
lIshment for the particular work TO
be accomplished by this establishment
between now and June 30. 1920. The
army has Important work to do before
that date. and the retention of ten
pornry officers must he based upon
their fitness to do this work rather
than as reward for their services
during the war.
Ranks Must Be ReadJusted.
The war department has fixed the
number OF officers that there may be
In each grade Of the 1900 officers,
thereby terminating the opportunity
for extensive promotion that has ex
listed during the war. In getting the
1900 officers into these grades. there
must be sacrifices OF rank and pay
throughout the service: necessary
consequence Of readjusting the rank
force having 100000 officers TO thos'
they can properly hold in forge hav
ing only 1900 officers.
The temporary officers TO be retained
will he largely applicants for perma
nent appointment. These officers
along with all others have reached
grades In the large army raised during
the war that they cannot expect to
hold In the small peace-time force. A
determination OF the decrease In rank
Of these officers In order to properly
1T them into the new commissioned
force Will be made by the war depart
ment and announced in orders.
Much Treaty Legislation Needed.
Ratification OF the treaty OF peace
with Germany will not end the
nection with the pact. There will
still remain the question as to how nu-
merous provisions of the treaty are to
be administered. II is reasonably GER
tain that congress. in enacting legisla
ton that will be necessary In order to
put into effect many provisions of the
treaty so far as the United States is
concerned, will see to II that broad
powers are retained by the legislative
body. or at least by the senate. Assam
ing that the treaty. with the League Of
Nations covenant included. will be rati
fled with certain reservations. II will
be necessary for the United States
TO have representatives on a large mum
Der Of international tribunals.
The treaty is silent as to how these
representatives Of the government shall
be appointed. Should congress fail to
act, the president would appoint in
every instance. But congress, so the
leaders In the two houses say, has no
thought of failing 10 act. II will pro-
vide. through legislation. II present
plans are Sarried out, that all repre-
sentatives of the United States on the
international, tribunals shall be nomi-
mated by the president and confirmed
by the senate,
When the treaty goes into effect
there will be opened up an entirely
new field OF international activity. 1t
is field that will call for trained
men of the best type. Congress will
fix the salaries of these mem and will,
Of course, have to appropriate money
10 meet the expenses Of the United
States I'm participating in the numer-
Gus new international activities.
viii Require Many Esperts
There will have to be a mixed arbi-
trail tribunal established between each
Of the allied and associated powers on
the one hand and Germany on the
other within three months after the
ratification of the treaty. Each of these
tribunals is 10 consist of three mem
bers. The United States will, In case
the treaty is ratified, appoint one mem
Der of the tribunal which IL to repre-
sent II. Germany win appoint one men,
Der. and the two thus appointed will
choose the third. There win also have
TO be created a permanent commission
which Will advise the council of the
League of Nations on military, naval
and air questions. 1t will also be nee
essary for the United States TO name
members OF more than a score of other
commissions that are TO deal with
problems growing out OF the war.
A typical commission is the one pro-
vided for to deal with the Saar basin.
This commission. II will be recalled, is
10 consist Of five members chosen by
the council of the League of Nations
and will include one citizen OF France,
n. n