Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1920-01-09

derground water is without merit, although
"forked-stick" artists from experience often are
better able to judge the probabilities of ground
water than the average person.
Various Kinds Of Wells.
Wells are spoken of as shallow or deep, dug.
bored driven, or drilled and In the case of tubu-
lar wells us nOnfowng, flowing, or artesian
Persons Interested in the various types Of wells
and their construction advantages, disadvantages
etc., will find the subject treated In Farmers Dull
letn No. GAL.
Wherever possible, the farmhouse should he
fitted with some sort Of runnlng-wate system
simple or elaborate, according to the investment
the owner is able to make. For such systems
water may be raised by natural flow, hydraulic
rams, pumps, air lifts, or ar-dlsplacement purps
Hydraulic rams are the most economical water
lifting devices. Since rams of various sizes and
makes perform differently It usually Is necessary
to accept the mechanical details determined by
the manufacturer. The minimum, never more
than the average, flow Of the spring should de-
termne the size of the ram. Otherwise, the one
selected may be too large for the dry-weather
flow. Small flows may be determined by noting
the time required to ill vessel Of known ca
pacity. Larger flows may be determined by weir
measurements
When the water supply is far from the ram
ste 1t is usual to pipe the flow to IN open TANK
or reservoir located so as to secure the desired
length and fall Of drive pipe. Sometimes the
flow of spring Is too small to actuate a ram that
Is sufficient for domestic requirements. In such
instances and where a nearby brook can be
damned to obtain the necessary power head the
recoil of the ram may be employed to admit the
spring water. which Is pumped by fall Of lhe
brook water to the pipe drive.
Motion of water produces friction, which In
creases with the length and roughness of the
pipe and the rapidity of the waters movement.
Hence, wherever much water is to be delivered
through long pipe the power or head necessary
to overcome friction should be determined. The
bulletin mentioned before Farmers Bulletin No.
941) contains a table which shows the friction
head that is, the number Of feet to be added to
the vertical height for each 100 feet of iron pipe
(not newt to overcome friction when dlscharg-
ing given quantities Of water.
Selection Of Pump.
In the selection Of pump one should derer-
mine the kind of well to be used, its inside d.
ameter, depth to the bottom, the depth cased,
depth to the water level both when the pump Is
at rest and In operation, and the maximum
yield The maximum quantity Of water required
Der day should be calculated also. One should
also determine the distance from the well to the
proposed location OF the pump ana the vertlcai
height between these points; likewise the dis
lance from the pump to the reservoir or tank and
the vertical height between these points. The
kind of power to be employed should be settled
upon also-hand power, windmill, gasoline or oil
engines or electric motors-and the method of
transmitting the power
Farm pumps usually are Of the suction lift,
force, deep-well type or some combination Of
these. Suction and lift pumps do not raise wa
ter above the pump nor discharge It under press
ure. Suction pumps require the cylinder to be
above the water level Of the supply. If a per-
feet vacuum could be created within the cylinder
water could be raised vertically by suction $3.50
feet at sea level. However, the actual suction
lift Is usually not more than two-thirds of the
theoretical lift. Methods Of making tight joints
are described in the bulletin referred to.
Horizontal suction pipes may extend long dis
tances providing the friction loss plus the yer.
tical height from the water level to pump valve
does not exceed the limiting suction lift. Where