davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15
CREDIT UNIONS URGED
BY NATIONAL FARMERS:
COOPERATION FAVORED

Chicago. Feb. 24.-The Farmers Ma
tional council. said to represent 100000
farmers in 1S states. today issued n
statement supporting the general prin-
ciples enunciated by the National Far
mer-Labor COOPERATIVE conference IN
session here.
The farmers organization urges a
two-year extension Of government con-
troll over the railroads and demand that
the government retain oil ships that can
be used by the United States.
Another declaration declares the far
mers are opposed to efforts to restrrc,
the "civil liberties of American citizens
by peace time sedition laws
A capital property tax to pay off the
war debt of the United States was also
indorsed
The farmer labor conference has
adopted the report of the committee on
cooperative education. which urges the
creation of central department of
education to train managers, account
ants and other classes of cooperative
employees. u
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15
j. 8. HIERARCHY
LAYS WORLD ILLS
BEFORE CHURCH
Gibbons Sole Survivor of
Last Pastoral Letter
Group of 1884.

Washington, Feb. 14-For the first
time in 80 years the American Catholic
archbishops and bishops are issuing d
pastoral letter to their clergy and the
laity. The letter will be read in every
Catholic church in the United States
Sunday. February - It was prepared
by Cardinals Gibbons and O'Connell and
Rector Thomas j. Shahan, of the Cath
Ole university.
Cardinal Gibbons is the sole survivor
Of the TG bishops who signed the JOINT
pastoral letter issued to the 1000, 900
Catholics of the United States after the
third plenary council in Baltimore held
in 1884. There are now 101 bishops in
the nlted States. not counting auxil-
iary bishops. and bishops without a see
appointed to do special work-ad-
dressing in the pastoral letters more
than 2O,O00,0oO Of the laity.
The pastoral letter views the world
situation and insists that re-construe-
tion shall proceed on sound. principles.
and not along lines of expediency. Ii
emphasizes the need of justice and char
ity The letter will discuss problems
of marriage and divorce, industrial re-
lations. national conditions and inter
national affairs. 1t lays stress on edu-
cation as a means of reconstruction and
exhibits the power of Christianity as
an absolute necessity for human well
fare.
The active cooperation Of American
Catholics with the country during the
war is briefly related. and the letter ex-
plains the organization effected by the
hierarchy of all Catholic agencies
through the national Catholic war coun-
Gil and shows how the organization is
to be perpetuated in the national Cath
alc welfare council
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15
SWISS To ENTER
LEAGUE WITHOUT
Loss Of STATUS
Needn't Join in Military
Action Nor Open Pass
age to Troops.

London. Feb. 14-Switzeland will
be admitted as an original member Of
the league Of nations with its present
neutrality granted. The council decided
to meet at Rome. March II.
The council also accepted the Swiss
governments conditions Of refusing t.
participate in any military operations
undertaken under the auspices of the
league, or to permit the passage of for
eign troops through Swiss territory but
agreeing to participate in any economic
pressure aplied by thel eague.
Switzerland's admission to the league.
however, is dependent on Swiss refer
endum confirming the second
A Saar basin committee was appoint
ed, with NJ. Rault. member Of the
French council Of state, chairman. Each
member will be paid 100000 francs
yearly. The chairman receiving an ex-
ira 10000 francs for entertaining.
On the motion of Baron Matsu, the
japanese representative the council
agreed to place under the guarantee of
the league the stipulation Of the treaty
effecting persons belonging to racial.
religious Or linguistic minorities.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15

The report of the committee on banE-
ing and credits declares existing credit
agencies are insufficient and urge, the
establishment of additional agencies FOR
the use of the farmer and worker. The
credit union movement was also indors-
ed. with the recommendation that steps
be taken to establish credit unions IN
all states where existing laws make
them possible, and that efforts be made
to secure the passage of such laws in
other states. A permanent commission
of five members was appointed, az the
suggestion of the committee, to advise
on the incorporation of cooperative
banks
The direct trading committee in it's
report urged the use of surplus govern
ment trucks. not only in road improve
ment work, but also to haul the produc.
of the farm to the city market. or. rail-
road terminals
Just before adjournment the congress
passed a resolution indorsing the pro-
Fosal that congress enact law EN-
booying the principles Of the Plumb
plan.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15
ARMY MAN WHO
HANGED LINCOLN
PL0TTERS DIES
Rath's 5 Tale of Execution
Was of Blended Jest
and Pathos.

Jackson. Mich. Feb. 14.-Lieutenant
Colonel Christian Rath, veteran of the
Civil War and executioner of those
convicted in the plot to assassinate
Abraham Lincoln. died today He was
born in Friedenstadt, Germany, where
he fought in the German revolutionary
movement Of 1S4S, during which he fled
to America and Immediately Joined the
navy.
He enlisted at the beginning of the
Civil War III Company q, 18th Michigan
infantry. the 'Stonewall regiment
aud steadily rose from the ranks until
he was commissioned Lieutenant of Com
pany :. by President Andrew Johnson
for especial and efficient service during
the confinement. trial and execution of
l-incoln's murderers.'
4 member Of Wilcox's staff. he was
appointed provost of the old penitcn
tiary at Washington. which had been
Burton Harney. Jefferson Davis pri-
yate secretary, was his charge. Later
many more were brought in including
Mrs. Mary Sdrratt. at whose house the
conspiraturs met to plan the ASSESSING
ton There was also Heeold, COM
panicn Of John Wilkes Booth. Atzerodt
and Payne, all of whom We're hanged.
Payne Acted Clown.
''Payne's grim humor could come pre,-
tv close to being grewsome," Rath has
often told. "0n the death march to
the ga]lows Payne who was bareheaded
took Lieutenant Colonel McCall's straw
hat off his heal and put it on his own
head. His head was large and the hat
was too small and he wore it until it
was time to adjust the moose on his neck
1t was not because of his iack of
reverence, but because of his great sense
of humor. lie was good fellow. We
used to pitch quoits in the yards to-
getler: he was always good -natured
Many Sought to Take Hand
The morning Of the execution | had
Lieutenant Colontl Mccall lead Mrs. Sur
ratt from her cell to the galows. as
didn't want an ordinary soldier to lay
hands on her.
Rath said he was simply overrun with
volunteers to aid in the execution. Seem
ingly they regarded it as an honor to
serve in any capacity in avenging the
death of Lincoln.
Buried Booth and Woman.
Following the execution said Rath
II ordered the bodies cut down, put in
boxes and buried. | took charge of Mrs.
Surratt myself | lifted her tenderiy
in my arms, her limp body bending as
held it, | removed the moose from her
neck and with my own hands placed her
in the box Colonel Watts Of Adrian.
Mich, placed bottle containing the
names in each Of the coffins and in an
hour the terrible work of the day was at
an end"
After the execution Rath was ordered
to take care of Booths body. which
was supposed to have been thrown in
the Potomac river. but which Rath Sc
cretly buried underneath the arsenal at
Washington.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15
Strike Called Off;
Maintenance Men
to Await Conference

Detroit, Feb. l4.-The strike OF
100000 members of the Brotherhood
of Maintenance of Way Employees and
Railway Shop Laborers, set for next
Tuesday, was tonight indefinitely
postponed by Allen E. Barker, inter-
national president of the union, In
accordance with the request of Presi-
dent Wilson that action be delayed
until after the general conferences OF
railway union committee men on Feb.
%.
Mr.. Barker's decision to delay the
strike, he announced, was taken on
recommendation Of the executive
committee, now in Washington, to
whom it appeared, he said. that late
developments in their wage contro-
versy tended to place the maintenance
of way union in a position apart
from the other unions and seem
ingly forgetfuI of public interest"
He maintained. however. that imme-
diate relief must be at hand and that
strike as planned would have been
fully justified.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15

LEAGUE DEMOCRAT.
CONGRESS WINNER

Excelsior Springs. Mo-, Feb. 1.-THE
election Of Captain J. l.. Milligan, Dem
ocratic candidate and league of ma
tions advocate. over John E. Frost Re-
publican. and league opponent, as rep
resentative in congress for the third
district, was conceded at $50 o'clock
tonight by w. L. Coles. chairman of the
Republican state committee
Captain Milligan's majority, Chairman
Cole said, will be between LOO and
1,SGO.
The election was to choose successor
in congress to Secretary of Commerce
Joshua Alexander. and the league of ma
tions was the dominant issue in the
campaign.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15
Suffrage Hosts Advised
to Scatter Into Other
Parties Rather Than
Have One of Sex.
Their League Plans to
Have Salaried Manager
and Is Urged to Try to
Be Five Years Ahead.

Chicago, Feb. 14.-Delegates at the
suffrage ratification banquet tonight
were brought to their feet with chez,
when Mrs. Carrie Chapman Gait was
proposed for president by Mrs. Peter
Oleson Of Minnesota. Mrs. Gait waived
the suggestion aside with a smile.
Commenting on the fact that the suf-
frase convention program contained the
advertisements of two candidates for
president. Mrs. Oleson said:
Mrs. Carrie Chapman Gait for pres
ident. That is what | would put on the
program. Others are starting booms.
Why can't we? | say this in all seri-
BUSINESS. It is time we did honor to our
living leaders,
Mrs. Oleson also said she never Goubr.
ed that ''the League Of Women Voters
will see it to that the saloon is out to
stay out"
Mrs. Cats keynote address came at
the conclusion of the first session of
the new league. at which the work Of
organization was begun.
Get Outside Parties, She Says.
Persons interested in enrolling mem
bers in their political parties are max
ing rather cutting criticism. They think
the league will keep women out of
politics. That must not be. For sixty
years we have waited for political par
ties to give us the vote. No state has
given it until the political parties had
consented
Are we going to continue to petition
them as we always have done? If so.
what was the use Of getting the vote:
'"The only way to get things III this
country is from the inside of the poIiti
cal parties.
Can't Win from Outside.
"Women must get into the parties.
Without we should continue to be auxi-
ilaries. We've been 60 years urging
men to confde in the abilities of the
women. We've got to convert them.
Prove your capacities in the parties.
You cannot carry the struggle from the
outside.
'You are going 10 trail along five
years behind the parties. it would be
better that you never take up politics.
BE five years ahead.
League to Have Manager.
The board of directors will elect
oh lirman. vice chairman and a secre-
tary. and also the treasurer Of the
League Of Women Voters, and will meet
annually in each of the seven districts.
A national manager also will be
chosen by the board 'at sufficient sal
ary to get the best available talent in
the country" The managers term #
office would be determined by satisfac-
tory service.
An executive council also was provid-
ed for, to be composed of the presidents
OF state auxiliaries and Chairman Of
standing comittees.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15
WALLACE, DAVIS
OR POLK MAY GET
LANSING'S POST
Lane Joins in Responsibility for Conferences Which
Offended President; Irreconciliables Point
to "Outs" Made by Treaty.

Washington. Feb. 14-Tnder Secrc-
tary Polk. John w. Davis, ambassador
to Great Britain and Hugh c. Wallace
AMBASSADOR to France, are foremos,
among those being discussed to head
the state department as successors to
former Secretary Lansing, who an
nounced his resignation after dramat-
c clash with President Wilson.
Although it is known that Mr. Polk
had determined to return to private life
and practice law, some friends of the
administration We're hopeful that he
might be induced to serve out the un-
expired term of his former chief Any
how. he will serve thirty days as acting
secretary.
The Lansing resignation furnished
official Washington with a sensation un-
paralleled since William J. Bryan de-
parted from office. The statement Of
Secretary Lane. who is leaving the cab
met on March | that he felt an equal
responsibility with Mr. Lansing for
holding the cabinet meetings to which
President Wilson objected, seemed to
add possibilities of further cabinet res
lgnatlOns for a time, but this was dis
posed of by a statement at the White
House that there were to be no further
retirements as q result Of the incident.
Lane Thought Meetings Sensible.
Secretary Lane said Mr.. Lansing call
ed him on the telephone and obtained
his approval Of the idea before calling
the first meeting and presumably Sc
cured the approval Of other cabinet
members also
we all thought the meeting We're
good thing said Secretary Lane. who
retlres as secretary of the interior.
March ]. 'They were often attended
by DR.. Grayson and messages were
transmitted to the president on ques-
tons discussed. The critical situation
preciDitated by the coal strike came up
for consideration as well as matters per
tanning to the first industrial confer
ence and other important questions /
feel that ] attended the meeting on
full level of responsibility with Secretary
Llnsing inasmuch as | had agreed to the
advisability of their being held. Other
members Of the cabinet apparently tock
the same position
Asked whether the question Of the
oonstitutionality Of the meeting ever
had been raised among the cabinet mem
bers Secretary Lane replied:
NO; not at all. The question was
never discussed in any way"
Congress II aiIs Hum Over Event.
Congress discussed the sensation with
avdity, but in the cloak rooms, how
ever as the subject did not come up in
debate on the floor of either house or
senate, such comment as was made was
more or less divided, opponents Of the
treaty praising Mr.. Lansing's course.
and others recalling that one Of the
presidents prerogatives is to select the
members OF his own official family
Chairman Porter Of the house foreign
Secretary Lansing's resignation, said:
Il AMI not inclined to accept this new
and novel Interpretation of organic law.
There is nothing in the constitution
which prohibits members Of the pres-
dents cabinet from meeting and dis
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15
Wilson HaltS Plans for r. r. Strike;
Men to Confer on Proposals Feb. %
CROWN PRINCE PRAISES Yankee
SOLDIERS; TANK TACTICS ERROR

Berlin, Feb 1-(By The Associated Press The Ameri-
soldier improvisation but it must be admitted he is
good He Of good military qualities and
a courageous and trained fighter"
These the conclusions reached by the former German
prince after exhaustive study of the soldiers Of the
begerens He believes the initial tactics of the Americans
sending tanks ahead of columns disastrous
face OF German machine fire. and that by this practice
the Americans lost heavily.
At close range Frederick William believes the American
fully good fighter the Englishman The technical
accomplishments of the Americans we'll the phenomenal
achievements of transporting millions of soldiers overseas
praised by the former prince also the
the American soldiers after capture.
The observation in which the English soldiers given
high praise, published in the Taegliche Rundschau
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15

We accept the presidents construction
Of the constitution, it would be viola
| tlon thereof for two Of the secretaries
to hold a conference in the absence o1
the president.
Senate Not Mucn SURPRISED.
MIR. Lansing has faithfully served
Mr. Wilson during both of his terms as
president. and il due consideration fol
his rights l think the president should
have asked for his resignation on the
ground that they did not agree on the
policies to be pursued by the state de-
partment and not to have dismissed him
IN this harsh way
Mr. Lansing was not at the depart
ment today. and, it was understood. was
preparing to 60 to his home in Water
town. n Y. for rest. Th president s
friends made the occasion one to OBJ
serve that while he may be i'll physical
ly. the president is in full possession of
all his mental faculties.
To the senate. whose struggle with
the peace treaty had given it some in
sight into the condition of foreign af-
fairs. the revelation of President Vii
sons disagreement with his secretary cf
state caused ,ess surprise than did the
time and manner of the final break be
tween them. Privately. many Demo
IlaliI stHdiois expressed regret tuat
the resignation came just on the eve Of
another effort to ratify the treaty.
Meat for IRE 1oHciiahes.
Senator Norris. Republican. Of Ne
braska. one Of tie irfeconcilahes' said
in statement the secretary's resigna-
tion showed that "Ihe mental expert
Honse has been discharged too soon
lHrpnphDlit 10
the tendency Of the Republicans has
been to exculpate Mr.. Lansing from any
blame that may have attached to the
pence negotiations. and when the Secre-
tary appeared before the focelgn rea.
tiors committee last sunlme. there was
said to be general understanding
among Republican members that he was
not to be cross examined or put in an
embarrassing position over Questions
about which he Indicated that he was
permitted by the president u lIow 80
ling.
Joins Down and Oat: Club.
Il apprehcrd that neither Inc rresi-
dent nor Mr.. Lansing, If thes were free
70 speak. would deny that IT WAS Mir.
Ianslng's dissatisfaction with the treaty
and his pronounced condemnation Of it
which had most 70 DO with bringing
about his resignation Senator Borah.
Republican, Idaho, another irreconci5lc
said in a statement.
Never in the history of the world has
there been q treaty SO rapidly disap-
proved, either by those who had to do
with writing it or By those who had
to do with passing judgment upon the
ones who wrote it, he added Lansing
has retired; Clcmenceau has retired:
Orlando was retired: Lloyd George has
stated that he eXuects to 90 npyt'
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15

Representatives. OF the Ia
unions who have been conferring
with Director General Hines
since Feb. 8 and whose spokes-
men laid their claims before
President Wilson Friday, have
tentatively accepted the White
House proposal for a tribunal,
created either by law or on the
presidents motion, to consider
the demands. Final word must
come, however, from higher
union authority-the conference
of union heads.
General Plea for No Strike.
While union leaders feared
the effect of further delay on
their membership, the possibil-
ity Of a general strike appeared
more remote tonight. Officials
of the Brotherhood of Mainte
nance of Way Employees and
Shop Laborers did not sign the
letter accepting Mr.. Wilson's
proposal. The brotherhood dele
gates here, however, reached A.
E. Barker, president of the
maintenance Of way workers.
urging that the strike be called
off.
The president tonight supple
mented the action of the union
leaders with a telegram to Mr.
Barker calling on him to with
draw the strike order to make
sure that no interruption to
transportation occurs" Mr..
Wilson said he felt sure that the
officials of the maintenance of
way union would realize that
"you cannot, in justice to your
and the citizens
generally of the United States,
persist in course which is op-
posed to your obvious duty to
the country.
Barker then called the strike
off, pending action by the gen
eral conference.
Wilson Waits on r. r. Bill.
The president set forth these princi
pies as covering the manner in which
grievances of the unions should be dealt
with:
In the event that in connection with |
the return to private control. provision
shall be made by law for machinery for
dealing with railroad wage matters. /
shall pomptv use my influence. and SO
far as such law confers power upon me. |
shall promptly exercise that power to |
bring about the earliest practicable or I
yanization of the machinery thus pro- I
sided
I'm the event that no such provision IS |
made by law for dealing with these /
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15
EXPERT WAGE COMMISSION
PROMISED bR0THERH00DS
IN Bill OR BY AGREEMENT
Maintenance and Shop Walkout Called Off After
Leaders and President Invoked Peace and Pa
tience Till General Committee Can Hold Confer
ence; Workers Demand Decision in so Days.

Washington Feb 1-n day marked by calling off of the
proposed strike of 1000 of and shop by
President Wilson, abandonment the being
action similar direction by the rainmen brotherhood the
railroad controversy referred general conference
committeeman called here Feb 3d. for final
decision whether the demands for increased will be
the passed the railroad
tons. to resume control of their properties.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15
Bandits Get $50, 900 in
Kansas Bank Robbery

Topeka, kans.. Feb 14.-Four bandits
entered the Blaine State bank at Blaine.
early today. and took between $4,000
and $4,000 in Liberty bonds and S.
600 in cash.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15
GETS U. S. JOB IN WYOMING.

Washington. Feb. 14.-Cari H. Mas
sic was nominated register of the land
office and Charles r. Yeoman. receiver
Of public moneys at New Castle. Wyo-
ming.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-02-15

cussing any departmental matter. If
We accept the presidents construction
Of the constitution, it would be a viola
ton thereof for two Of the secretaries
to hold conference in the absence of
the president
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-02
troops has been sanctioned by tho al
les. J,panese reinforcements are
constantly arriving In Vladfvostok.

Tho latest reports concerning the
army of Genncral Voltzckofrsky. con-
tanned in n Hardin dispatch dated
March 30. said It's position called for
serious consideration. Tens of thou
sands OF his men and several thou
sand officers. the dispatch added, were
anxious to leave tho Bolshevist terri
tory. Tho consent of tho Chinese
and Japanese to their exodus had to
be obtained. however. and the attitude
OF tho two countries had not at that
time been defined. a gold reserve at
Chita amounting to 100000 gold
rublcs was Mt the disposal OF the gem
eral, according to tho dispatch.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-02
REMNANT or KOLCHAK's
ARMY BATTLES FOR LIFE
Severe Fighting Is Reported a,
Chita Between Russian
Factions.
JAPAN AIDS voITzEKorFsKY
Action OF Island Empire Forces
Declared to Have Sanction or
Allies-Bolshcvists Win Carpian
Sea Oil Fields.
tBy Associated Press. ]

vLADIVoSTOK. Mar 1.-scvero
hshting is In progress at Chita, trans
Baikalia. between the forces of Cen
eral Voitzckonsky.. the sole remnant
or Admiral kolchak's army in trans
Baikalia, and the opposing Bolshe-
visit faction. according to reports
from Russian source. The Japanese
are declared to be supporting General
Noitzekoffsky.
The Japanese representative here
declares the action OF tho Japanese