davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mansfield mirror., 1920-07-01
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H. Rayborn Names Macomb Mercantile Company, Macomb
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
Stedman Defends
Socialist Program

"Now mark the fact continued Mr..
Stedman, that a form of government
is approved by national convention
for that country you regard as sufi-
clent to draw in the inference that by
some mysterious way the approval OF
soviet for that country is an approval
of the proclamations and the pro-
cedurc Of the Moscow International.
Then, further, you assume that the
Moscow international is declaring for
the overthrow of all governments. In
other words, that it is a theory and
part Of the program of the sovets to
United States. That is far aiield and
rather ludicrous assumption.
"Tt must appear to you that if your
national convention Endorsed a pro-
gram in another country. say in Ire
land, form of government. you are
not by that necessarily indorsing an
international conference. II such was
permitted and took place in Dublin, YOU
would not thereby properly hold any
person here responsible for what the
conferences might do in Dublin, because
they approve another form OF govern
ment of Dublin, or because they regard
tional and proper institution.
Let Us assume that it is true thai
they indorse the soviet. You would
have no reason to infer that by that
they we're indorsing the international
aud then in turn that the International
stood for violence in the United States;
and that in turn these members
were standing in support OF that, and
do not forget that long after the
Socialist party of the United States
and of every other country had stood
for the right of Russia that its own
future unimpeached and unassailed.
these members sat in this house as
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22

investigation into its tactics, into its
methods. into its practical program,
and those tactics and those methods
and that program called for the over
turn OF the power Of this state and it's
annlhilation, its utter and its complete
annihilation. That is the question that
ls presented to you hore.'
The motion was denied and an ad-
journmcnt. tMen for luncheon
When tha hearing was resumed Sey-
mour Stodman made still another mo-
tion OH behalf of the accused. This
was to the effect that the charges as
drawn contained no accusation of crime
and that the details of the allegations
which had been assumed sufficient to
dlsqualify the five Socialists should be
made known. Argument on this took
up the better part of three hours.
Mr.. Stedman began by calling atten-
tion to the fact that Monday week
ago Ass emblyman Thomas j. Melon
aid, Democrat, Of the Bronx, intro
duced resolution declaring for an un-
hampered and unemb barrassed opportu-
nifty for the Irish people to develop
nationally and politically.
This resolution was adopted by the
Assembly. He called attention to the
Socialist platform which is mentioned
IN the charges, saying that it also de-
clared for the self determination Of
ireland, "as we'll as Russia, Egypt and
India"
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
Defends Socialists
Right To Be Ioyal

Mr. S.cdman asked ii the fact tina,
the Socialists we're members % a ducs
paying organization, as charged IN the
resolution ousting them, made th,.c
different III any degree from Repuhl,
cans or Democrats who pay monthly
or yearly dues" He conceded that no
Socialists followed the platform Of
their party.
Taking up the charge that instruc-
tions may be given to Socialist Office
holders by the executive committee
both wholly or in part composed ~
aliens" Mr.. Stedman denied that such
condition ever existed
He said that the charges brougb.
against the Socialist assembly showed
that our war hatred and anger is not
so dissipated; that we have at the close
OF the war been turning it away. from
the imperial German government and
the Austrian government, and we have
been turning it on ourselves"
Mr.. Stedman then defended the atti
tude Of the Socialists on the war and
pointed out that Socialist delegations
sat in the Assembly since their party
enunciated its position il the ST. Louis
platform and that no mention Of II
was made in the Assembly in 1918 or
1919. although this country was then
at war.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
I have quoted Mr.. Littleton COR

that have quoted Mr.. Littleton cor
rec,ly.
II say, further. that this really
brings up the crux of our entire con-
tention in this case. What Mr.. Little
ton assumes to do, or wants your COM
mittee TO do, is to construe the mean
ing Of treason and to prohibit your
fellow members from describing it,"
he STROBE away from the counsel
table and paced back and forth as he
cried his dcnunciation of his oppo-
nent's charge.
II hold" he exclaimed, chat every
progress made by human society was
progress along this direction of chang
ing views or elevating pursuit. That
sounds traitorous-onc day to expel
the theories, the other day to say that
this is right
"The right to utter remarks which
to the majority may seem the princi-
pie. is a sacred constitutional right in
this country-in this state. For what
implied by NV statement was that
there are always initiators.
There are always pioneers of new
first utter them they shake those at
whose vested interests they strike, and
after "A time the ma jority of the people
come to see that the line of progress,
the direction of labor lies in that d.
cection and they accept it.
Now we have a right to hold our
opinions about the welfare of this ma
tion and every nation, no matter how
anybody else, no matter how our op-
ponents, consider our views.
We are teaching to- day Geo.
nomic freedom. emancipation Of the
working class and of the whole COM
munity. 1t sounds treacherous and
tra'torous to you. Maybe it does. But
1T is our good right to hold those doc
trines, and you are our judges no
moro than we are yours"
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
Charges insufficient,
Stedlnan Declares

Seymour Stcdmsn. another Of the
Socialist counsel, then made a
new motion to dismiss on the ground
that the charges are insufficient, and
even if true did not set forth facts
on which they could be excluded He
said the defendants were entitled to
Il statement OF fact constituting what
is assumed to be sufficient to dis
qualify them from participation in the
Assembly,
"By overruling the motions which.
have been presented you have con-
stituted yourself tribunal to report
on the qualifications Of the Assembly,
men who have been excluded from the
House" said Mr. Stedman 81 cannot
pretend in what may have to say to
meet the exquisite anarchis istic doc
tr!ne that you have the privilege Of
excluding undesi sirable members with
or without reason.
II assume that the theory of the
constitutional government is that a
body whose action cannot be reviewed
by higher tribunal imposes upon it.
self laws, rules and regulations for 4
method:cal method Of procedure aud
determination.
I've have been served first with Il
document containing some seven para
graphs; also document in addition to
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22

or economics Of Socialism. We are en-
gagged in investigating the tactics and
program that call for an overturn of
the state and annihilation of the
present system Of government"
The chair then denied the motion.
Mr.. Stedman's address was occuped d
chiefly with criticising and question
ing the seven paragraphs Of the in
formal indictment brought by the
Assembly against the five suspended
men.
At one point he assaled a certain
provision of the document so bitterly
that Mr.. Martin protested
"Ths is hardly an indictment. We
are not claiming these people are Grim
inals.'
Instantly Mr.. Hillqu:t was on his
feet
Just a minute" he exclaimed.
Does the chairman desire to have that
on record that there is no claim on the
part of the accusers that the five men
who have been denied their seats in the
Assembly are not criminals?"
"Well," qualified Mr., Martin, "the
chair wants it TO appear on the record
that he does not so understand it,.
OF course, the chair may be very
much in error"
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
Comrsiftee Urged
20 Admit Mistakes

Mr.. Roe urged the committee 10 re-
port back at once to the Assembly that
1t made mistake in suspendlng the
Socialists. 1t was to urge the Assem-
bly, to recognize It's mistake that
Charles +. Hughes and the other men,
hers of the Bar Associations special
committee came to Albany.
"These Assemblymen," continued Mr..
Roe, "arc not here to prove their seat,
to prove their title to anything. We all
OF us as lawyers arc familiar with the
fundamental proposition that they are
presumed TO be innocent until the con-
trary is shown. They are presumed to
De worthy until the contrary is shown.
1T lS not true, sir, that the fundamental
constitutional principles of this gov
crnment can be subverted in that man
ner by ARA gning these men at the bar
here and saying that 1T is for you to
prove your innocence.'"
Mr.. stanchfcld repeated that Mr.
Eoe's motion was substantially Mr.
l!illquit's last. under varying language,
in brief asking dismissal Of the pro
ccedings and reseating of the five
Socialists.
Now, let us moment assume that
there are no pracedents for what this
Assembly has DONE" continued Mr.
Stanchfcld, "and with that thought in
mind read a sentence from a speech
made by Senator Sumner, of Massachu-
setts, ancnt the removal OF Senator
Shark:
There is 10 desire, Mr.. President,
to make one single remark. 1t is sa ID
that the proposition now before the
Senate Is without precedent in the oc-
cas- ions to which new duties, new prec-
edcnts, are to be made when the oc-
caslon requires. Never before in the
history OF our government has any
person appeared to take Il seat in this
body whose previous conduct and dec
laratlons, as presented to the attention
OIL the Senate, gave reasonable ground
to distrust his loyalty.
That case, sir, is without a prec-
edent. 1t devoIves, therefore, TO the
Senate to make a precedent III order to
deal with unprecedented cases. The
senate Is at this moment engaged in
considering the loyalty Of certain mem
oers of this body, and it seems to me
1t would poorly do its duty if it ad-
mltted among its members one with
regard to whom there was a reasonable
suspicion.
Now, this investigation is being
conducted into the loyalty of the five
men involved in this proceeding, and.
irrespective Of whether or not there is
IN the history of the State of New
York precedent, this occasion de-
mands and requires that the Assembly
OF this state in defense Of It's own dig
hlty make a precedent.
when the chairman read from the
statement yesterday that the charge
against these men was disloyalty, and
that they had affiliated themselves with
a party whose platform and whose
prOCram called for the overthrow of
TINS government by violence, he stated
what say to this committee we Will
prove beyond al shadow and shade Of
doubt
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
some difference, and permitted Mr.. Roe

to proceed.
Mr.. Roc took issue with the state
ment made yesterday that the right to
expel necessarily included the right to
suspend. He held the power to sus-
pend was purely a power to punish for
erlv conduct in the chamber.
at has no likeness or similitude at
all TO the power to expel. which is sx
ercised under different provisions
of the Constitution Of the United
States when the expulsion takes place
in that body, and under different pro-
visions of the Constitution and statutes
in this statA when expulsion takes
place here" said Mr.. Roe.
He said that this distinction had
been answered by all legislative bodies
in the United States since the nations
birth until the recent ousting of the
men on trial This he characterized as
an unlawful exercise of power.
Unconstitutional government cannot
survive, representative government
cannot survive if this power of sus~
pension is to be exercised as it was in
this body on the seventh Of this
month"; continued Mr.. Roe.
Glow idle it is to put into the stat
utes Of this state the provision, with
which you are all familiar, that either
house may cXpel Its members after Il
nearing before a committee and upon
the report being made by that commit
tee, if without any hearing at all, with
out any debate, without any oppor-
tunity to be heard by any one this
house can suspend by a majority vote
any or the entire minority of its mem
bers. That is the reason, sir, that this
power does not exist, has never been
exercised and cannot be exercised if
representative government is to
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
stored to their rights as members Of

stored to their rights as members Of
that body.
"If tho exclusion of the five Assem-
blymen in question from the floor of
the Assembly on the seventh of this
month was an illegal act, then they
are, Of course, still members of that
body and are entitled to speak and
vote and tunctlon IN every particular,
the same as all other members of that
TO take part in all the proceedings that
have led up to this investigation.
They were entitled and are entitled
TO take part in any debate that may
be had in that body upon the question
OF resembling the action taken by the
Assembly, upon the question of modi-
tying, or upon any other question that
comes before that body.
While this proceeding is in form
one before committee of the AS
scmby, this committee is but the hand
of the Assembly. The proceeding is
proceeding in the Assembly and tho
effect Of this decision of the Assem- bly,,
ii it was an unlawful decision, is
simply to deprive these men of the
opportunity Of defense accorded them
under the Constitution and the law.
"lt is idle to say that they can come
before this committee in the guisc of
defendants and testify, and, as a coun-
sci upon the other side said, that we
are all of US here by grace anyway,
which | deny.
ut is idle to say that they may come
here as accused and take part in these
proceedings so long as they are denied
the fundamental right to take part in
the proceedings of the Assembly, where
this investigation originated where
the report Of this committee
must return, and where. in the mean
time, it is open to the Assembly to
take such action regarding it us it
may see TT.
If the exclusion of those men from
the Assembly was unlawful you have
no more right to put them on trial
than court has to lock out of court
room defendant and proceed in his
absence to render judgment against
him. That is our positior.'
This motion was also denied and an
exception was taken.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
Commercial Agreement
* it'll, Russia Cited

"Following that is your clucidation
that by adherence to such declaration
the party has indorsed the principles
of the Communist international now
being held, and the Assemblymcn arc
in hearty accord and sympathy with
the Soviet government as it exists in
Russia to-day, and they have declared
their solidarity Herewith.
THAT after the schemes or programs
of the Soviet government were fully
known and their practices or principles
revealed, this machinery of which these
men arc members. in dclibcratve con
vent,on declared their allegiance and
solidarity with such Russian Soviet
government. The time has been
changed in it from the day of the con-
vention to the day when this document
was drawn and presented here.
"The conditions in Russia, Judging
by the public press, also have gone
through q change and transformation
in the minds of some OF the worlds
most. influential statesmen 1t is oftea
reported in the daily press that in
Europe they are to resume, or TN
itiate, trade and commerce with the
cooperatlves Of Russia.
TO any one with brains. who
knows that industry Is q part of the
state and the state part of industry,
that becomes n commercial recogni-
tion Of a political structure, based
and growing out of the economic
structure of Russia, a large and in
hucntlal factor of which is its CO.
operative movement.
1--WE exclude man because he be-
ieves that tho people of Russia have
right to develop their own economic
and political life in their own way. 70
day you lead out with that. That is the
attack made against these Assembly,
men. You might have gone further
with equal truth and said that in the
same convention Il resolution was
passed by which the same sympathy
that was extended to Russia, the
same heartfelt approval was extended
to those in Ireland who believe in
selfdeterminaton and their liberty.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22

that. which may be regarded as an
elucldatlon or an extension Of the
charges or statements upon which this
committee came into existence and was
to act. The first is adherence to the
convention in Chicago which assembled
in August, 1919, wherein the solidarity
Of the party with which they were
affiliated with the revolutionary forces
of Soviet Russia was declared to have
taken place.
There is no statement in precise
terms OF what that convention de-
clared. There is no statement here to
designate the character of the Soviet
Russia to which these men adhered
and which you regard as such an 'n-
famous offense in foreign land that
an American judgment upon foreign
condition becomes a reason for ex-
clusion here.
"Following that is the Abatement
that, by adherence to such declaration,
the party has indorsed the principles
of the Communist international now
being held in Moscow which interna-
tional pledge is to violent overthrow
Of organized government.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
Iittleton in Clash
ith Hillquit

But" persisted Mr.. Hilquit, lit is
important to know, if they are not
charged with any crime, what are we
here for:"
To this Mr.. Littleton responded in
dignently:
Does the gentleman think that every
one who falls short Of the criminal
statutes is eligible for election to a
legislative body?"
Some, who do not fall short, are Sit
ting in them." exclaimed Mr.. Hilluuit.
Littleton sprang to his feet
us that q charge against this legis-
lative assembly," he demanded
No" said HillQuit. with shrug and
smile. against Legislative bodies
generally"
"To what particular legislative body
do you refer?" persisted the other.
Mr. Martin jumped to his feet
"Gentlemen," he protested, 1--WE can
not have any more Of this"
This was greeted with a ripple Of
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
laughter.
Motion to Dismiss
Denied by Martin

When the morning session began
Chairman Martin announced that he
had denied the last motion made the
previous day by Mr.. Hillquit. This
motion was TO dismiss the charges on
the ground that the proceedings were
without warrant in the Constitution
or in the statutes Of the State OF New
York, and are absolutely illegal and
void. AS with all other denials. counsel
for the Socialists entered exceptions.
Mr.. Nillquit asked if the decision.
which was made at an executive meet
ing Of the committee. was a majority
or unanimous decision.
at Is q decision Of the chair after
consultation with the committees" re-
piled the chairman.
Gilbert +. Roe, also of counsel for
the accused, then made new motion
to dismiss.
we object" said Mr.. Roe, "to the
jurisdiction OF the Judiciary Commit
tee OF the Assembly, and move this
committee forthwith report to said AS
sembly of the State Of New York tina,
the proceedings thereof on the seventh
day OF January, 1920, by which said
Assembly assumed temporarily, at least,
to divest said Assemb,ymen Of their
rights OF said Assembly. and by which
they were forcibly excluded from the
floor of said Assembly, were and are
wholly illegal and void, and that bv
reason OF the action of said Assembly
this committee and said Assembly are
without jurisdiction to proceed further
IN this investigation, at least until
said excluded Asscmblymen are rc-
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
Claims Absence of
Declaration OF Fact

And you could have followed it up
with the same applicability to Egypt
You could have followed it up with
tho same applicability to India. In
other words, the doctrine of self-de-
termination meant to the Socialists
the language which it purports to
carry; and believing in that, would it
become a crime to stand for Irish in
dependence, for India's, for Egypt's. as
we stood for thpt of Russia?
"But the offense here is that these
men have views on q foreign political
system; no intimation, no declara-
ton OF fact, that they propose. or even
dream, that system which naturally
develops from Russia's material cond-
tions is adaptable to a highly complex
industrial system, such IS that OF thc
United States.
In France they elected sixty Depu-
ties to the House. They were Social
lists. They made the issue there Boil
shevism. Those men and their party
had declared for the right of the Rus
slams to govern themselves in their
soviet form. Arthur Mcdonald, Snow
den and the Labor party in England
have done the same
"Thc minority Socialists Of Germanv
and the Socialists of Italy and Nor
way have declared for the same.
There they have taken precisely the
same position that the Socialist party
has taken in the United States.
"Over there it is not regarded as an
otense. Here it is not an otYenso for
which person can be tried and con-
victed and sentenced to the peniten-
tlary. Here it could not even form
the basis OF a civil libel suit"
Mr. Stanchlield here interrupted and
said that the motion was precisely the
same motion as was passed on yester-
day and differed in no substantial man
Ner from the one previously denied.
The chair ruled that there might be
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
Lincoln's inaugural
Address Is Quoted

"We pursue political program Mr.
Stedman went on. We believe in the
majority debating the course in soci
ETY.. We rcpudiate the theory that
agency must come through physical
effort in discord
II will quote, in conclusion. an
other thing that Abraham Lincoln il.
his first inaugural address said:
of by mere force of numbers A
majority should deprive a minority OF
clearly rendered constitutional right
it might i'll moral view justify reyo-
luton, certainly would if such a right
were a vital one"
Immediately following the conclusion
C0ntin2Le6 o., l2aa.t lanne
New-York tribune., 1920-01-22
No Argument in
'Star.Spang!ed RanRer'

For the second time since the start
OF the trial he seemed to have loosed
himself entirely from the suave, al
most obsequious, personality that is
usually his. His stocky body trembled
Then gradually the storm wore
away. and presently he was speaking
with wry smile of Mr.. Littleton's
violent and poetic defense Of the Con-
stitution.
"Remcmber, gentlemen" he remarked
in closing. "at all times The Star
Spangled Banner is beautiful and in
spring hymn, but it is not legal argu-
ment In a case of such grave, tremen-
dous, vital Importance as the one here
presented to you
Mr.. Stedman succeeded him, and in
rebuttal took occasion to contradict
practically all of the charges advanced
arbitrarily by Littleton.
"Through Mr.. Littleton." he said 1--WE
have at least reached the issue involved
IT. this proceeding. What you are at
tempting to indict is the carrying of a
new philosophy into life.
I'VE cannot misunderstand coun-
sells attitude. Our disloyalty consists
in that we believe in a gradual, orderly
constitutional change to an industrial
democracy
He then renewed his plea that the
chair rule that the complaint, which
consists Of seven general charges, con-
stituted no basis for action against the
five men.