davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
10000 May Quit.

Chicago. April 3.-Sixteen thou
sand Eve hundred, railroad switchmen
in the Chicago terminals will walk
out Before Monday morning. causing
complete suspension Of freight trAf-
ffc. unless the. demands of-s700 strik-
kee and St. Paul road are granted,
John .Grunau. leader Of the strikers,
announced this morning.
Brotherhood OF Railroad Trainmen
officials. with which the switchmen
are affiliated, declared, however, that
Granau's organization, the Chicago
Yardmen's association, Is an ''out-
law" union and he has no authority
to speak for brotherhood members.
A. F. Whitney, vice president Of
the Brotherhood is cooperating with
effort to break the Illegal strike
called by Grunau.-'
Three hundred and fifty switch
men of the Chicago Junction rail-
road. a belt line serving the stock
yards and packing plants. have join
ed the c. M. and st. P. strikers and
, threaten to force suspension at the
yards.
The spckyards exchange sent a
warning 70 all stock handlers not to
ship here without first consulting
Of an embargo.
! Vice President Whitney and H. P.
Gallagher. general chairman. of the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen
on the Milwaukee railroad. sent a
telegram to all member unions out
side the Chicago district this after
noon asking that switchmen be sent
here to break the strike Of Grunau's
rival organization.
This strike is repudiated by Pres
ident Lee and all law-abiding broth
erhood members Of Chicago" the tel
egram says, land we will appreciate
it II members Of the brotherhood
both in road and yard service will inn
! mediately report to their division Of
ficers for service at Chicago.
! ..'Radicals are taking advantage OF
the situation during this period Of re-
construction and the strike has al
ready spread to the Chicago Junction
| railroad but this should not deter
our members who are willing to up
hold the integrity of their agreements
with the railroads. thereby protecting
them and their families to secure fal
| more consideration than can be
| hoped for through unlawful and un.
| patriotic methods"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
FREIGHT in THE
CHICAGO YARDS
AT STANDSTlLL
Fight Between Two Unions
Causes Strike of 1000
Switchmen.

Chicago, April 3.-Freight traffic
on the Chicago. Milwaukee and st.
Paul railroad here was at a standstill
today and operation of the Chicago
Junction railroad crippled as the re-
suit of strike Of 1000 switchmen
and yard employees affiliated with the
Chicago yardmen's union. An em-
barge on acceptance of all freight
shipments was in effect on the former
road. :.
Three hundred yardmen employed
by the Chicago Junction railroad, a
connecting link for trunk lines enter
ing Chicago, Joined the walkout late
{ last night. The men demand the re-
instatement of John Grunau. presi-
dent of the dnion. and a scale of 50
cents an hour for switchmen and 81
an hour for conductors.
Efforts yesterday of A. F. Whitney
vice president of the Brotherhood OF
Railway Trainmen, to induce the c.
NJ. and St. p. strikers to return lo
work failed. Whitney declared the
strike was unauthorized.
! Officials of the yardmen's union
announced that a general strike OF
iyardmen in the Chicago district
would be called unless their demands
were met within 48 hours. The union
officials claimed a membership of g..
200. ,e.
"Its a fight between the two
unions more than between the mer
and the road" said j. f! Gillick
general manager of the Chicago, Mil.
waukee and st. Paul railroad. All
can do is to wait for something te
happen" -f@s.' = ".,y +.4
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
SCHOOL AT RUGBY
MAY BE ENLARGED

Rugby. N. D., April "a move
leading to the enlarging of the Rugby
school building has been started here.
the board of education now having
the matter under advisement
The question Of putting up an ell
tire new building is at present not to
be considered, although most citizens
admit that new building would be
very desirable ~ ~. =
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
COMMITTEES TO
CONSIDER PENDING
RELIEF MEASURES

washington, April 3.-Ffve sub
committees of the house ways and
sneans committee will consider all
pending relief measures. Chairman
Fordney said today that these COM
mittees would consider all phases of
the sixty-eight pending relief meas
ures with special attention given to
the four-fold plan offered by the
American Legion. This proposes ad-
justed cash compensation at the rate
of $3.50 for each day of service, ex-
tension of vocational training privileg-
es, home building aid and priority in
land settlement.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
TRAFFIC IN NEW
YORK HARBOR IS
STILL CURTAILED

{. New York. April 3 s,-Traffic IN New
York harbor was still curtailed today
by the strike Of harbor employees but
the ferry lines except those Of the
Erie and West Shore railroads were
operating on. virtually normal sched-
ules. Railroad officials, claimed that
while many tugs. lighters and barges
were out of service. all danger Of in
terruption OF the good and coal sup
plies had been averted.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
DECISION TO CALL
/. OFF THE RUHR STRIKE :
REACHED YESTERDAY

: Copenhagen, April 3.-Decision to
call off the general strike in the en-
tire Ruhr industrial region was
executive council of the district yes
terday, according to a dispatch from
Essen. 1t will be renewed. however,
If the Berlin government fails to full
fill obligations entered into with the
workers, and. in particular if it fails
to halt the movement of troops
against the Ruhr district
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
NEW SCHOOL HOUS SE
IS TALKED AT ROLLA

Rolla, N. D., April 3.-w. d. Gil
lespie, prominent Fargo architect
was called into cor>>'ta ton with the
school board here th.H week to con-
slider plans for new school building
for the city. Mr.. Gillespie has
planned over two hundred school
buildings already built in this state.
!. The Rolla school building was
turned to the ground in night fire
about three weeks ago.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
CROWDS DEMAND
HELP FROM KING
TOSTOP
Thousands of People Gather
In Front of Palace in
Copenhagen.

~ Sonehaen; PEI Assen;. ta6 h5r11 p
crowds are gathering outside the town
hall and marshalling into columns to
march to the royal palace. Amalien-
berg castle, carrying resolution ask
ing the kings help to prevent the ca
lamity of a general strike.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
RAY. WILL ELECT
2 COMMISSION

Ray. N. D.. April ST. City election
will be held here on Tuesday. April
6, at, which time two commissioners
will be elected to serve on the board.
both OF whom have served on the
board for four years. will retire. III
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
FRENCH SYNDICATE
TO TAKE OVER HUN
SHIPS FROM BRAZIL

Paris. April s.--t tHavas) German
ships seised by Brazil will be taken
over by a syndicate Of French ship
owners on payment of $26.0D0, 900,
according to the Journal. which says
the matter has been definitely set
tied. 80
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
w1dOWsHIPs ,AWARDED

. New York. April s.--The society for
American fellowship in French uni
versities today announced fifteen
awards Of fellowships for the academy
year 1920. Among them is Melvin l..
Brorby, University of Wisconsin.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
WEATHER FORECAST.

"a Minnesota: Fair tonight and
! Sunday, except possibly unsettled
in south portion: continued cold,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03
Pierce County Men
Want Seed Potatoes

Rugby, N. D.. April s.--A number
OF prospective potato :. growers !. of
Pierce county who organized them
selves into the Pierce County Potato
Growers association at a. recent
meeting, are now in the market for
good seed potatoes, and the secre-
tary is Instructed. to get in touch with
the potato districts Of North Dakota
and Minnesota where seed had been
procured in car load lots.
4 The EARLY Ohio variety is favored
for this section by most Of the-farm-
ers planning on going into the in
dustry. ..@.;
WEEKLY WEATHER PREDICTION
Washington. April 3-Weather pre-
dictions for the week beginning Mon
Region of Great Lakes: Local
rains and SHOWS at beginning. fol-
lowed by fair; low Temperatures first
half; normal temperature thereafter.
Upper Mississippi and Lower Mis-
souri, Valleys: Generally fair: cold
with freezing temperature first half;
normal temperature latter half.
alAak- y Ha 48ss = = Hr4,. = Il
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03

Chicago extrava-
gance is our national keynote" said
Frank A. Vanderlip in> an address.
1T is false as we'll as dangerous"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03

With the revocation of the licenses,
all three pool halls were placed un-
der. padlocks. ~
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-04-03

Washington.-March witnessed q
record reduction OF sos, $50, 900 in
the national debt, which now stands
at $24, sos, 600, 900.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-15

probably will have a lot Of entertaining OF
one kind or another to do. In addition to
this, he is practically compelled to put some
money into his campaign for denomination
and re-election-if he desires to continue In
Congress-
denomination and reelection once every two
years. 1t may be that he will have to put
up 81 900 or even $4,000 in one way or another
to keep himself in the limeight In his district.
The senators are better off in one way than
the members of the House; they have to
stand for reelection only once every six
years. But, on the other hand senator has
to cover a whole state in his campaign for re-
election, while the member of the House must
cover only his congressional district. So
there is not much advantage one way or an
other.
At present Uncle Sam is paying annually in
salaries $3,7S2 500 to it's 435 members of the
House and So members of the Senate. 1t also
has to pay several delegates and commits
sioners from the various possessions of the
United States at the rate of $1,000 year,
which would increase the total somewhat.
This does not include the mileage bill. which
runs into several hundred thousands of dol
lars. Each senator and representative receives
so much to bring himself and his family to
Washington each session of Congress and to
take them back home. Salaries and mileage
of Congress-. therefore. run to over four mill
lion dollars. Each member of Congress is
allowed two three employees. clerks and sec
retaries and they have to be paid by the gov
eminent, too.
X X X
In the old days the Senate used to be
known as 'millionares' club" There were
many men of wealth in Though it
oho hat mil
aires club. There have always been poor
men of great ability in the Senate. But to-
day, especially since the popular election of
senators became the order, many men of mod
crate means, some of them with practically
nothing beyond their salaries, sit in the Sem
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-15

HE business of being legislator has
increased enormously within the last
decade in the United States. Until
recent years man could be a United
States senator or member Of the House and
conduct his private business with compare
lively little disadvantage. But all that is
changed now. Congress is in session almost
continuously. When the members are not in
Washington. as in the case of the present
summer, they are out in their home states
seeking to be reelected and aiding in the ma
tional campaign to place their party in
power.
In view of the present-day cost of living is
the United States paying it's legislators a
sufficient salary-s7.500 year. $2o50 day?
This is a matter which is giving a number
of the members of Congress food for thought.
They the salaries Of other men increasing;
they see opportunities for material success
around them gobbled up by others. But,
the other hand, they know the demand of
the country for economy in government. They
fear that attempt to bring about an in
crease in pay for themselves would be Wig
orously attacked outside of Congress.
X X X X
Nevertheless. effort to obtain an in
crease in pay for congressman would not
come as an entire surprise in the next
sion of Congress. In the first place. the ma
tional campaign will be behind the members.
and they will not have to think of the polit-
ical effect of such a move. The present salary
of member of Congress seems quite sizeable
until the member is forced to make up his
budget of expenditures. Washington is not a
cheap place in which to live. The cost of
food. of lodging and of clothing in the Ma
tional Capital is high other cities in
this section Of the country-higher than in
some. The fact that a man is known to be
a senator or representative lays him open
to excessive charges frequently. His bills are
expected to be paid promptly.
member of Congress must make some
outlay in the matter of entertaining his con-
stituents when they come to Washington If
he happens to come from a nearby state he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-15
HARDING'S FOREST IDEA
PLEASES ASSOCIATION
Needs of Conservation and Nation
al Policy Emphasized Before 3.
Ohio Editors. =

The American Forestry Association
has congratulated Senator Harding
on his statement to the Ohio editors
in which he pointed out the needs OF
forest conservation and the need of
national forest policy.
Here is a statement of great ma
tional importance" says the state-
ment from the association. The
pulpwood and print paper situation
is getting more acute every day and
it is encouraging to see one Of the
candidates for the presidency is fully
aware Of the facts in the case. Just
today statement from the American
Newspaper Publishers Association
shows that despite print paper im-
ports the shortage is still acute.
We are now importing two-thirds of
our print paper, whereas ten years
ago we produced our entire supply.
AS to need of more forest production
the fact that the price of mill lum.
Der has jumped 800 per cent in five
years indicates that the supply Of
lumber is steadily decreasing and
provision must be made for new
growth. The question of a national
forest policy is one of the biggest
the next administration can take up
and one that demands first atten.
ton"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-15
BY WILL p. KENNEDY.

4 OF only in shortage and high
price of lumber for home
building and for fashioning
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-15
Congress Members Feel H. G.: L.;
May Vote to Increase Salaries

ate. Some of the members of the Senate and
also of the House are wealthy, but they are
the exception, not the rule. They are iieh
who made their fortunes prior to election 10
Congress, or who have managed to continue
their outside business while in Congress
X X X
way back in 1899 Congress passed law
fixing the compensation of members OF the
Senate and Of the House at IS day-ano
that only for the days upon which the member
attended sessions of Congress. This law pro-
vided that the member of Congress shoulo
be allowed Sc for every twenty miles OF travel
by the usual road from his home to the capital
and like amount when he LETT the capltai d.
the close of session to return to his nome.
A member was paid even if absent from MS
desk in the Capitol. if he were detained by
illness.
of Congress was increased to So day OF
actual attendance. 1t was in 1856 that Con-
gress first adopted an annual rate. The law
of that year authorized the payment or S6'ooo
for each Congress, $4,000 a year. There
was still a reduction in compensation II the
member did not attend the sessions. unless his
absence was due to illness
The annual salary of the members was
advanced to $4,000 a year in 1856, with
mileage rate of 20 cents mile to and from
his home. In that year the salary of the
Sneaker of the House was for the first time
advanced beyond that of the other members
1t was fixed at $4,000.
On March 3. 1873. Congress put through the
so-called salary grab act" increasing the
members salaries to $500 year. The pas
sage of this bill caused uproar throughout
the country. So savage the attack that
in the following year the act was repealed
and the salaries became again $4,000 year.
They remained at that figure until 1907, when
they were increased to $500, the present fig
ure and the salaries Of the Speaker and the
Vice President were made $4,000 EACH
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-15
BY BEN McKELwAY.

TINE cry Back to the farm" has
been drowned in the louder.
moro ,enticing call, ION to the
city" and when the 1920 census
is complete the figures will show, for
the first time in this countrys history,
that more people live in cities and towns
than in rural communities. Statistics
compiled BY the Department of Agri-
culture reveal that more young women
are leaving the rural districts than
young men, and the proportion increases
steadily.
1.-THE hand that rocks the cradle rules
the world" and the hand that tills the
soil feeds the world II the woman
leaves the farm, can the farmer be ex-
pected to stay? And if the farmer re-
fuses to remain, who is going to take
his place?
Miss Florence E. Ward, in charge of
the Department Of Agriculture's ex-
tension work among farm women, be-
lieves' she has found the answer to one
Of the nations biggest problems. She
is working on the theory that the wom-
an on the farm has as much to do with
agricultural development in this country
as the farmer himself. The woman, the
home-maker, must receive her share of
| the attention the government is giving
to the farmer.
In a Ceaseless OCCUPATION.
BY a most singular anomaly, the CEN
sus places farm women in the class of
those having mo occupation It would
be better to describe her as belonging
to a class having "ceaseless occupation"
according to what was found in a re-
cent survey completed by the Depart
ment of Agriculture This survey was
made by questioning 1904 farm women
and recording the answers in statisti-
cal form.
You read constantly Of the excellent
moves toward obtaining better working
conditions for the 1aboring man. You
hear OF his demands for shorter hours,
more pay. And when they are refused,
you know Of the inevitable strike or
walkout
II love and service were not the
| ruling motives of the women of the
farms, a walkout assuredly would
! be forecast by the statistics Miss
Ward has compiled. For instance:
Take the length of the working day
and vacation for the farm woman
For the $3.50 women who answered
| the departments questionnaires, the
| average working day is found to be
1871 hours and the rest" in the day
is 1.6 hours. This is for summer, with
| it's longer hours of daylight, when the
! farmer must be out before the sun
! and stay in the fields until dusk. Fol-
| winter, the average working day is
/ 10.5 hours, with q rest Of "a hours
OF the S.773 women who answered the
questions relating to a vacation, IL
per cent of them boosted of holiday
from the drudgeries of household Ia
bors. The average vacation time OF
| these 1,241 women was lis days.
What Farm Women Have to Do.
| Now, what do the women ind to dc
| during their eleven hours of work
| A foolish question, indeed! Ask any
woman, whether she lives in the
country or in the city. and she car
enumerate the thousand and one de.
tails, each one Of which must be dull,
executed to keep the homo fires burn
ing and the kettle boiling.
But lit is tuteresting. nevertheless
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-15
NEW WAYS HAVE BEEN FOUND
TO KEEP WOMEN ON THE FARM
Lessening Their Manual Labor and Intro
ducing Conveniences Have Made Them
More Contented With Surroundings.

to see what the woman on the farm
does In the course Of an eleven-houl
working day. The average numbe,
OF rooms to care for in the country's
farmhouses is 7.s, while the stove.
to take care of vary from rs in the
west to is in the east, an average OF
l.6 in addition to the kitchen range.
Seventy-nine per cent of the homes
are lighted by kerosene lamps. Sixty.
one per cent Of the women carry theil
own water, an average distance OF
thirty-nine feet Ninety-six per cent
OF the women do their own washing
Ninety-two per cent their own sew.
ing. Ninety-four per cent of the
women bake their own bread, while
the average time spent each day or
mending is 6 Of an hour.
There is an average of 6.s cows pei
farm in the United States and SO pei
cent Of the women questioned helr
with the milking, while SO per cent
wash the milk pals. Sixty-fve pei
cent of the women wash the sepa.
rators. 50 per cent Of them make the
butter and II per cent of the women
own their own "butter money" the
remaining 80 per cent handing il
over to father" who uses it in meet.
ing the family expense.
Five Ways OF Helping.
Miss Ward has grouped the prob
lem of helping the farm woman into
five separate heads. They follow:
1. Shorten the working day Of the
average farm woman.
2. Lessen the amount of heavy
manual labor she now performs.
3. Bring about higher standards
of comfort and beauty for the farm
homes. .,.
4. Safeguard the health Of the farm,
family, especially the health of the
mother and growing children.
5. Develop and introduce money
yielding home industries where nee
essary to make needed home improve
ments.
How is this being brought about:
The home demonstration agent Of
the Department Of Agriculture, the
county agricultural agent, club agents
and specialists all are working in the
field with the idea of helping the
farm woman by suggestion. Women
are everywhere welcoming the home
demonstration agent, much as the
farmer welcomes the agricultural
county agent. This trained worker
in home economics, employed on fed
eral. state and local funds. devoting
all her time to the advancement OF
home efficiency. is studying with the
home makers the individual needs OF
homes and communities, and thus is
able. by linking her technical skill
with the practical knowledge and ex-
perience Of the housekeeper, to CO.
large results by providing channel
through which the state agricultural
college and the Department Of Agri-
I culture can deal directly with the
rural homemaker.
One thousand seventy-seven women
were assisted in rearanging their
farmhouses this year as an important
first-step In efficient housekeeping.
Whether Miss Ward is working on
the right tack" toward keeping the
farmer at home by lessening the labor
fo( his wife remains to be seen. But
the shortest way to- mans heart
has been described before. If Miss
Ward helps to lessen this "shortes!
way" again., there is little doubt her
work will be successful.