The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1920-03-19
EDITORIAL & PARTY NEWS PAGE

detlnltIon is concise statement of the meaning
of word definition to be concise must be aInclusive
and all exclusive including al THAT necessary and
cluding all that is non-essental.
Law governs the universe.
The law which governs the universe is not
made law written upon the statute books by parliament
arans but natural law, inherent in the universe itself
Nothing happens by chance. Everything that hap
pens is CAUSED TO HAPPEN by some former cause
These produce effects and these effects
in turn become the causes of future effects This is
known as the law Of causatiCn.
Carefully examine the law of causation for if it is
true there is no n the whole field of science fer
miracles or the so-caled 'freedom of the will
There are two methods of explaining phenomena,
the static and the dynamic The static method views life
and history collection Of unrelated happenings The
dynamic method views life as succession of processes;
as links in the chain of universal causation,
The prevalence of static education accounts for the
almost universal stupidity matters pertaining to
social progress.
The staticmindcd chase effects while the dynamic
minded seek to change effects by analysis of 1t is
the ability to analve cause that gives the dynamic
minded their in the struggle for supremacy
People who static minded can not see the forest
Cor the trees the city for the houses knowledge Of
science* gives the dynamic minded of relation
ship which enables them to not only the trees but
the forest not only the houses but the city.
lS
in the workings of certain governmental committees.
One committee will be sent out to ascertain the number
Of working in industry. The committee will
eventually bring in a report that there are TEN million
women engaged in ganful occupations in the United
States. That committee will then be dismissed Another
committee will be sent to find out the wages paid to
women in industry. That committee will report that
the average wage paid to women in industry, is less
t9lan dollar day. and that committee will be dis
charged T'~
Another committee will be appointed to find out
the number Of prostitutes. That committee will report
and be dismissed and that will be the end of it.
The dynamic minded would this way; ten
million women in industry, wages less than dollar
day, Of there must be prostitution caused by the
low wages and the bad economic conditions
According to the dynamic point of view we find
the causes of human misery to be- ignorance poverty
disease etc. in short a lack of understanding of the
natural and social forces and the activity which would
logically flow from such a knowledge.
There four grand divisions of science Astror-
omy, Physics Biology, and Sociology The sum total of
human knowledke being included in these four general
sciences it evident that the student of proetarian
science can not know everything about all things
One should know something of the science of cos
moOgy, the knowledge of the universe and the natural
laws which govern it,
One should have working knowledge of the science
Of biology, the science of life
Next in order Of Importance comes a branch of the
science of biology Anthropology, the science of man.
Last but not least is the science of sociology
knowledge of the structure and function of society
In these lessons the aim is to teach such portions
Of the above mentioned sciences as most directly coll
Germ the material interest Of the modern proetariat
y wc beginning science does not con.
st of great mass of facts but rather in the aaent
laws which lie behind the facts and which
to each other ARTHUR NJ LEWIS Sociology
y Huxley said of his debate Gladstone Genesis VS. Science
that when the latter horo beaten he cloud
of words
QUESTIONS FOR INTRODUCTION.
l. What is the primary use of words!
2, Why is the use of exactly the right word i'm
portantl
8, What is n definition?
4. How is the universe govemedY
g. Explain the difference between natural and
statute law!
g. What is The law Of causationg (Give examplesl
A,a,