davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1920-08-04
IRELAND AND THE LEAGUE

VAS carried in dispatches Monday that following
a visit to Senator Harding by Congressman Mason the
Harding publicity bureau that Irish
VIII back Harding because article 10 in the league
would bind other nations help England Ireland SUBJ
lection.
Article 10 binds the Nations to such thing Article 10
relates solely to external attacks The right revolution
net impaired In fight for independence Ireland would be
merely wagng revolution and the league would not interfere
On the contrary believe that the Of Nations
offers reland best hope of freedom and here why they
In such fashion They contend that without the League
Nations England afraid to grant independence to Ireland for
fear the Irish might form alliance with Germany other
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1920-08-04

SUBSCRIPTION RArna
I'm ADvANen,
Daily. one year. BY mail--.pg.e 90
Daily. six montha. by mail--- ise
Daily. three months by 'man.---.-- l.ss
Daily. one month by mail.-- so
Daily, one year by csrrfer--.--,.---.... f.60
Daily, elk months by carrier-..-.------ S7S
Daily. three months by carrier IsSl
Daily. one 'tonth, by carrier.-...-.-- 66
Semi-Weekly, one year, by MALI 1.6O
seud-W eekly, six months. by mail ,7S
6emi-Weekly. four months. By mail Sc
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1920-08-04

be seen at the office of the City Sur
veyor in Pendleton. oregon, each bid
must be ACCOMPANIED by Certified
Check in the sum of 10 per cent on
the amount of the bid, made payable
to the order OF the Mayor of The City
OF Pendleton, to be returned to the
bidder If unsuccessful. and to be for
feited IL the bid is accepted and the
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1920-08-04
WANT HARDING TO
GET OFF.THE PORCH

MARION, Aug. 3.-The necessity of
abandoning the front porch campaign
being seriously considered by repub-
lican leaders, will probably be strong
" urged on Harding. it is learned.
Harding's advisers are expected to
urge him to make a trip to the Pa
cffic coast another to the Atlantic
seaboard, delivering not more than
two speeches daily
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1920-08-04

Notice of Bids for Sewer Construction
Notice is hereby given that sealed
bids will be received at the office of
the City Recorder in Pendleton, Ore
gon up to O'Clock p. m. on August
11th. 1920 for the construction Of The
Turner Street Sewer Iaterals, Plans
and Specifications for said work NAV
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1920-08-04
VILLA TO HAVE RURALEs.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 2.-lU. P.)-
Under the terms of his surrender
Villa, the Mexican rebel leader will be
given command of rurales, or the con-
stabulary, in the state of Chihuahua.
according to an official report to the
state department.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1920-08-04

contractor fails to enter into con-
tract in accordance with the terms OF
his said bid. The Common Council
reserves the right to reject any and
all bids at its pleasure.
Dated at Pendleton. Oregon, -shis
goth. day of July 1890.
THOS. FITZ GERALD.
City Recorder.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1920-08-04
aeO MILE FRONT.

WARSAW, Aug. ga. P.)-Brest-
Litovsk, the last great fortress guard
ing Warsaw from the east has appar-
emily fallen to the bolsheviki. The
Poles are fighting the soviets on
12O mile front
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1920-08-04

serves the right to reject any and all
bids at its pleasure.
Dated this 29th. day of July, 1920.
THQS. FYTZ GERALD.
City Recorder.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1920-08-04
c-Easf - OFe80nidRl

as An fNDEPENDE
@sissnes 0siiy sns ginsi-wsekiy. ss
-. pendlet0n, Oregon, By the
All OREooNfAN PUBLTkHfNo 60
MnteFe1 At tae postoffice AZ Pendls-
.e@ u@Ga&. es sso0nG-eiass gafl
N GALE IN OTHER crTrEa.
nMDsFfh Hetel News stand. Perfume
ONE TTIn AT
a. @htsase nurean. sss Security nuiis.
Msshinston. p. g. Bureau SEA Feur.
nanth street N. W.
wenhes % the Assseaatea Press
yne Associated Press IL exclusively
ecuteu 20 the use for republication OF
ali news dispatches credited to II or
not othsrwise credited In this paper
ssna also the local news published here
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10

MRS. JAMES l. MARI IS entertain
w ing with a card party OF beauti-
fuI detail this afternoon at the Mari
home in compliment TO her niece,
Mrs. Bryan Wells Brown, bride Of
the past summer. the former Miss
Frances Earle Sweet peas in rain
bow tints are utilized in decoration
about the reception suite Of the Mari
home and other appointments for the
party are in keeping with the dainty
tints OF the flowers. At the close Of
the games two prizes VIII be award
cd. and a two course menu VIII be
served
Those who are enjoying AIRS. Mari
courtesy to Mrs. Brown include the
honor guest, Miss Katherine Earle,
Mrs. Tom ayfield, Miss Frances Op-
penheimer, Miss Genevieve Bannell
Miss Ethel Brown, Miss Ruth Dewey.
Miss Mary Dewey, Mrs. Waiter skin
ner. Miss Mary Hill and her guest,
Airs T. C.. MclTfllin. OF New York CITY,
Miss Bernice Brick, Miss Anne Magot-
lin, Miss Mary Magottin, Miss Octavia
Glasgow Mrs sam rutherford, Mrs
Charles kilburu. Miss Blanche Roe
Miss Alzina Orndorff Miss BurtraIn
Orndorff, Miss Nora Henderson. Mrs
James Henderson, Miss Henderson's
guest. Miss Marion Ainsa and Miss
Enid Ainsa
The Court Of Honor viii hold g
short meeting on Monday evening AT
8 o'clock IN Moose hall followed by
social for the members OF the organi-
alton. Refreshments viii be served
and cards and bunco the games
played. The committee OF arrange
ments for the evening includes: Mrs.
Ethel Atkinson. Miss Kathleen ALI
son. Mrs. i. AIbrecht, Mrs E ]. Bar
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10
Y. W. C. A. Samn1ieS Club Entertains
With Old Fashioned Party At Bliss

A n old fashioned party was given
n on Friday evening by the sam
mics club OF the Young Woman's
Christian association at the Red Cross
conralescent house at Fort Bliss.
with Miss Edna Harmon, OF the 7.
W. c.. A.. directing the games played
during the evening
Owing 10 trouble with the truck the
entertainers were late in arriving, but
met with a cordial welcome when
they did arrive They entered the
building singing. Hail Hail the
Gangs All Here"
Merry games were enjoyed. among
the number an automobile game
Going TO Jerusalem; a conversation
game. which proved a dangerous one
10 play in leap year, and New Years
resolutions. In the latter game the
prize was awarded TO Pvt Suther-
land. The last game played was a
musical game in which Is selections
were played. Pvt. p Dunn guessed
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10

Beatrice. Neb.. Jan. r0.-Frank
Curian, IS. a member OF Beatrice's
Hre department. was arrested re-
Gently on a charge OF robblnE the
bank Of a baby OF S1-75 and taking
iewelrv valued at approximately 500
from the room OF the baby's mother,
lTrs. Ruth Hyatt. while she escaped
with her child down a third story
fire escape during a $4,000 fire here.
Governor Coolidge. OF Massachu-
sets. as a student at Amherst. won
a medal in a nationwide essay con-
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10

the name OF each selection correctly
and won a prize
During an intermission, refresh
ments were served by Miss Lucille
Slack, assisted by Fgts. Rolla Dunn,
and Oliver Anderson
Airs. C. j. Palmateer assisted by
her daughter. Miss Ina, entertained
ten Of their friends with a musical
party during the holidays The deco
rations were In keeping with the holt
day spirit Several selections were
rendered by Miss Palmateer's orches-
ira and other musical numbers in
cluded solos by Miss Palmateer. Cake
and ice cream were served Last sat
urday afternoon Miss palmateer en-
tertained eight OF her younger friends
with New Years party The light
ing Of small tree added 70 the en-
1oyment Of the little guest Several
piano solos were rendered. by Dorothy
GaIas Barbara Gosiine also gave sew
eral Rotations. Refreshments were
served
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10
PUEBLO STEEL PLANT PLANS
TO PUT OLD FORCE TO WORK

Pueblo, Colos Jan. 10--Additional
units OF the steel plant OF the Colo
RADIO Fuel and Iron company viii be
placed ln operation Friday. January
is. at which time IL is expected thar
the men who voted to call of the
strike viii be put TO work
More than 1000 steel workers left
the city white the strike was in
progress and it IS believed that most
OF them viii return soon
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10

- --'llrs. hlllzl az --i-,--I oa7 q L.
=. - P,'eI-d n Re ~ = ,s7s Tat
'i''' n he isiizs sazssy - - Ike
D<'0-5. DE- rs
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10
AUTO TRAVELLERS PACK
HOTELS IN ARIZONA

Florence, AriZ-. jan 10.-The deVel-
opment OF automobile travel along
the southern highway and the eI-
pansion OF agriculture both have
served % overcroWd the hotel facili-
ties cf this city. facilities that have
been about stationary for 20 years
A movement has been started BY local
professional and business zen toward
the erection OF a handsoms and com
modious structure that viii serve TO
attract and 20 well house the auto
traveller.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10
RESERVE BANK ANNOUNCES
RISE In DISCOUNT RATES

Chicago. Ill. Jan. 10.-Chicaso fed
eral reserve bank today announced
an increase in its discount rate on
treasury certificates Of Indebtedness
from 4 = TO "A percent
Advances on commercial paper
with a view to discouraging borrow
ers was speculative in commodities,
land cotton and oil. soon viii be
begun, il was understood. Stock
market borrowings are considered TO
have been reasonably reduced.
The reserve board announced it eL-
poets to put reserve banks in a posi-
tion where charges for borrowing
money OF them VIII be higher than
the going commercial rate. so that
reserve banks would be appealed TO
only IN time Of stress
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10
10. S. NAVY COMPLETES
FRENCH RADIO STATION

Bordeaux. France. Jan. To- - The
slant Ia Fayette radio station. being
built here by the American navy. has
electrical equipment viii be COM
nleted next spring, u Is announced
This VIII be the largest and most
powerful wireless station in the
world. according 20 naval authorities.
Construction OF the plant began
two years ago when 70 was believed
that the war might continue for a
long time
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10
GIRLS HANDICAP RULE
OF CAPS For FRESHMEN

Tucson. Ariz-. Jan. l0.-Lhs fresh
men OF the university have refused %
obey the Undergraduate rule that they
wear green caps The upper classes
retaliated with announce meut tnll 20
-freshie" would be permitted on the
campus unless his head be covered
with cap Of vernal hue To IS told the
freshmen would have submitted ln
first-year meekness had not the graFa
autocrats Of the upper classes, for me
first time, Included the girls. the
faculty council has been appealed 90
rnr .a-rLanar- Of The a-.nu-a.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10
Parents OF Two Boys
Who Wanted Sons Out
Mann. Changed Mind

Parents OF two New Mexico boys
appealed TO Lieut. J. B. Hupp. Of the
FL Paso navy recruiting station, 20
have their sons released from the
service into which they enlisted sew
eraI weeks ago. but after listening
to the commander tell Of the sdvan-
tages the service offered a young
man. they left FL Paso 70 return home
satisfied
The boys. william slease. OF Kills
boro. y. H.. and +. J.. Lapham, Of
Lake valley. came to FL Paso about
two weeks ago. giving up their studies
in high school 20 enter the navy
Nothing more was thought Of the
recruits at the local station until
Friday morning when the boys
parents entered and made protest
Real Bargains in uncalled for
Tailored Suits and Overcoats at Pear
sons. 10 Texas St Large assortment
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-01-10

Return OF slIRs. ENOCH ARDEN.
san Jose, Calf, Jan ia Mrs.
Enoch Arden turned I'D here when
Harry Nerbin found his original wife
home from Poland after receiving a
message that she had died there while
visiting her parents Verbin has a
second wife and she has sued Tor
support as well as asking annul-
ment OF her marriage to Ferbin-
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1920-11-26
MONTANA OIL FIELDS
ATTRACT ATTENTION
Speaker at National Convention Points
to Montana and Wyoming Great
est Yet in Oil Future.

During his discussion of oil fields,
before the American Petroleum In
s%titute, which recently concluded
its convention at Washington, D. c..
R. d. Benson, president of the Tide
Water Oil company, among other
things spoke of the new fields. This
excerpt from his address is interest
ing in that it shows the larger men in
the oil industry have taken note of the
Montana section:
"Locming on the horizon today,
as wa Oklahoma Is years ago. are
the new fields Of Wyoming and
Montana. Many producers believe
that we have in these two states
a producing area equal in wealth
to that of the Mid-Continent fields.
The daily average production Of
these new fields has increased from
$4,000 barrels in January of this
year to $4,000 barrels in September.
But they are further from the great
markets, and transportation both
of materials and products is an
element which will make for slower
development in that field.
"Two dim stars are just rising
into view: one in Columbia. 400
miles up the M~agdalena river, where
high grade petroleum has been
found in quantities sufficient, ap
parently, to warrant earnest con-
~sideration; the other, a large we'll
reported as drilled by the Imperial
Oil company 1000 miles north Of
Edmonton in the province of Sas-
ketchewan, quite within the Arctic
circle. IF a considerable production
is developed in this northern err
i.tory. it is difficult to foreteIi
how it can ever be made available
for the use Of mankind, for the
next generation or 50 anyway.
"The situation in Columbia is not
50 difficult. though it is difficult
enough to stagger any but the most
eanguine and wealthy producers.
The Magdalena river is the only
means Of reaching that territory,
its lower reaches are huge morasses
where only boats of the shallowest
draught can navigate; the inhabit-
ants are uncivilized Indians. To
reach the producing district 400
miles of pipeline will have to be
built. and owe mountain ranges to
avoid the of the lower
river, ] have heard it estimated by
n who ought to know that ii
would take ten years time and
$25,0 900 900 to put into operation
a pipeline to the present producing
district, wen after DEVELOPMENTS
had shown that oil could be pro-
duced there in in quantities sufficient
to warrant the investment. There
fore, like the field in the Arctic
REGIONS, this oil can only be con
sidered as reserve storage for the
demands Of the future" ~.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1920-11-26
THAT 10 BILLION DOLLAR DEBT

The proposed plan of RENTING to
late allies of the United States in the
recent world war, the ten billion dol
lar debt they'owe this nation has be-
come the cause of wide and varied
discussion. 1t presents a problem to
all but stagger the wisest mind.
Let US suppose you had a customer
whose trade had Melted you a $4,000
a year profit for 20 years back and
more. Suddenly everything went bad
with him through no fault Of his own.
He owed you $4,000 and was IN the
point of blowing up for good. But, if
you said to him: "Never mind the
SIC, 000-we'll cross it off of the books
and call it square; now you start all
owe again" Would that be good bust
ness on your part. Would it probably
result to you presently in a yearly
profit from this rehabilitated custom
ed?
That is one way of looking at it;
and that is the argument which is be-
ing rendered by the advocates Of the
scheme. 1t is explained that this en-
ormous debt is largely the cause Of the
low rate Of currency exchange between
Italian and English money. For in
stance when the French franc is only
worth 5 cents over here instead of %
cents, it makes it poor business policy
for France to buy anything from the
United States. SO also with Italy and
England. 1t is better business for them
to buy from their colonies in Asia.
Africa or South America, or even Rus
STA, where money is cheaper than their
own. Thus the United States may lose
export business. And, the advocates
of this latest scheme argue that if the
United States will cancel this debt,
and place the money Of these countries
on a parity with American currency
we will send more and more exports
to them.
Ten billions of dollars is a big debt
to cancel and the proposition looks du-
bious from every angle.
Cancelling debts is not a common
custom in ordinary business channels,
and the nation should be slow to prac-
tice poor business methods.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1920-11-26
ADVERTISE WHEN
BUSINESS is DULL

A representative of one Of the larg-
est clothing manufacturers in the
country is credited with making the
following statements:
Gas | am in the sales promotion
work, of course | have a good deal to
do along advertising lines. ] am find
ing cut more every day that small
town merchants are learning that the
so-called o~ti-seasons are the times to
advertise, instead Of only when BUSH
ness is good. The time was when
merchants allowed their advertising
and other sales promotion talk to lag
in a time that business wa dull"
But they are beginning to learn that
it is the mission Of advertising to Gre
ate sales, and for that reason it is
most valuable when business is dull
Go after the business when it seems
slack; don't wait for it to come to
you. That is the theme Of the big,
successful business man, and it should
be the policy Of TIE small town bust
ness man who is really afforded n
better opportunity to make an appeal
ing and personal sales talk through
his newspaper than the city merchant.
1t is worth trying, and if you give
the plan half q chance your cash regis
ter will ring lots o~ftener in the duh
periods than If you don't advertise
because business is had
How much does your concern ad-
Vocatc its dealers spending tos adj
yor.isiag ~ Ne Wcs a ked.
eve urged our dealers to spend )
per cent Of their 1919 sales Tor ad-
LnrtiSi14 in 1GDOr hn oncy,otad H,pd
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1920-11-26
q RIGHT IDEA

The Rccorl-llerald believes That 4
closer relation between business and
banking and the farming industry, a
relation in which business and bank
ing should make . close study Of bust
ness conditions and methods that
would somewhat protect the farmers
in the marketing Of their products
would work out to the advantage Of
all three. Banking and business organ
nations might :et a movement on foot
to bring this about by calling confer
onces with the farm organizations At
this time, and by making a study of
the laws retled to aid the farmers
better p"g.ect themselves in the mar.
ketS, latter BACKING proper legislation
by the Montana lawmaking body
Helena R~ec0rd-IIerala
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1920-11-26
AN OPEN CONVICTION

tn 1. N. ,,L,;aLol :.
Inc holuon Nation puoii',ieo ~
London, England, come very close to
a truthful status Of the British stu
alton in the following article publish
cd several DAVIS 400
Europe has dlSgraced herself IN
the eyes OF America. sympathy with
the allies mas eVaporated ana gwen
place to Suspicion n h0stlllty. New,
err We're the relations WIN England
worse since the CRISIS OF Venezuela
The lnfamy OF our lrlsh poHey; the
grabbing OF manaaJnS' oVef.rcp1feSeh
tafoh OF y bfltlsh empire IN me
League o. NaJlohS n u "ofId
struggle Tor on are some OF the IN
gradients IN TINS ore" OF ehInlty.
# il possib1v fr4o that the Nation
is an enemy to tire How'd GEORGE ad-
ADMINISTRATION in Fr~19rd. end it i also
possibly true that This statement NAV
have been somewhat STRENGTHENED
throurh political prejudice. Neverthe-
less. the fact remains that the Ma.
tion has very ablv represented = sen
+imc0E ~stro1rIv felt in the United
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1920-11-26
TIE STUMBLING BLOCK


by beftoA bfaleE
In O4e Seo'h o. MINUS 9"iPilV'I VI III
eS9terlc critic
vi re Ii.'le group J'"V CAMS user
ElTcI.
F&fl0f b~olaAeVlNa ignore me ana IN
docLflilaTeS a. 5c"Ie me
fof the dogmas ms I1e seheme
tnaI / haVe WitlEeH. -,
Loh&1halred 9fat2f. a1.alh me wy
me thougAt t''''y laey t"lI h"eh III
be missed.
u7,.,- .,4.4 .A..,
WINE some PFouo-E aoIri,Jo .II'''Ae'a
EuI on phlios0PIIt h'li'hGto
"4lch pfeVelV t"eIA liofA ~obSelVlH@
| eXiSt. ~.
l am Gun anu unt"il'.!tic "Lo 'i'e
Ineoli7US gro" I."t''IE
"heh .l@y mo theN cannot cohJute
nc away; ,.
IN We nloSE on WlIIil 'l'ey 9tu'lpiG'
m the tnlhg tila' mares y Juhlole
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1920-11-26
DON'T ROCK THE BOAT. rOLKS.

Notwithstanding all the rumors of
closed shops, less employment, reduced
wages, declining markets, and the
like Notwithstanding the dark fore
bodings of the apprehersive, the re-
adjustment of our national economies
is progressing normally. Such will
continue too, just so long rs the peo-
pie themselves allow it. Perhaps no
organization has its fingers on the
pulse-not even the general govern
ment-as completely as the Federal
Reserve Beard. This board tells Is
that deflation is proceeding as it
should without any indication of panic,
Plainly speaking this is a time for
the exercise Of real sound common
sense. 1t is a time when the people
must 40 some thinking for themselves.
for it is they and they alone who
can make or avoid a panic.
1t is a fact that prices in all lines
have been far too high. Even steel
and coal. the basic industries next 70
farming were twice as high as they
should have been. The natural course
of events is that these prices recede.
We are simply headed toward normal
cy in all lines. Naturally it is a time
Of uncertainty, but to especially the
people of Montana there should be no
grave foreboding.
During the past few days and weeks
because a few Of the banks of Dakota
and Montana have been temporarily
closed, many have become gravely
alarmed and the howl of panic" has
been sounded. The fact is. that not
to the bank examiners reports haze
been closed due to the national situa-
-tion. Rather do these reports show
that these banks have been brought 20
suffer because the farmers are hold
ing their grain for higher prices and
consequently postponing the meeting
sof their financial obligations.
The present condition is the after
math of the high price climax that we
of this nation have been working 90
since 1914. 1t is something that just
had to come. The nation must per-
force either pass through a careful re-
adjustment period OF a financial dis
aster. If the people will just exercise
the same amount Of common sense and
careful thinking that they did during
the strain of wal the latter can be
avoided.
The fact is that business is keeping
up. Our exports are still large-they
increased the last two months over
previous months. Bank ~clearings are
only a small per centage below the
flush of 1919, notwithstanding that
manufacturers prices have gone away
down below those of 1919. Money
rates are receding.
Prices are lowering normally, all
are agreed. But this readjustment
does by no means mean that prices are
going to go Down to pre-war figures.
And, the mar and the woman who will
not buy shoes and clothes and the
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1920-11-26
. WESTERN MAN FOR CABINET

1rLa+ ~, W.. .L,,1l ,o.ro., -
lnaI tne WeSI shqqlu po9 SsI, a.
leasG one melioer IN Ihe i1Gw Gaplt'eo e
Which VIII De calaea at WashihStoli
%nnil1,lS'I"Ulon' Is " I0ieSo" 'o"-
cluS'oil'
Inc SreaC era o. eAHan5l o r"I &nc
1871 S."'es oIlu AI'oMa 49, 49,
nGCdan'"C,Fn' IlllEaCto. az f nSrtG.
Gie[oaiI poMer pIoJGe'n, an 4t s,E"n iro
p W. 'lU.tE ",nu ~ E"9' lI'p0i''''e'
~ ''e e''!,i' ,I"V!o"' 49,,
ordinarily familiarity with these
great natural resources and 1aIth N
IN POSSIBILITIES are Dy lar not enough.