davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21

The union shop is democracy in in
dustry. The right of employees to
bargain collectively, to have voice
in working conditions, is recognized
In the non-union shop this de-
mocracy is unknown. Paternalism
and autocracy is the rule. The en-
ployer is absolute. He is the sole
judge of working conditions. He sets
hours and wages and tells his en-
ployes they may accept same or quit
their employment. If the worker
quits, and suffering to his wife and
children result, the employer calls
this freedom of contract"
This employer dislikes the term
"non-union" shop, so he refers to his
plant as "open" shop. The term is
misleading and is intended to deceive.
The inconsistency of the so-called
"open" shop employer is shown when
he says he makes no distinction be-
tween union and non-union employees
and then fills his plant with spies to
report any union employe who has
been discovered discussing the value
of trade unionism.
These employers know that in this
age of organization it is unwise to
announce that they are opposed to
trade unions. So they employ just
enough trade unionists to serve as an
alibi against the charge that they op-
pose trade unions, but they do not
employ enough trade unionists to dis
pute the employers absolute and COM
plete control over working conditions.
If these organized workers advocate
trade unionism they are discharged.
The unions hold that organized la
Dor sets the standards for workers
and that it is just as logical that all
workers assist in maintaining these
standards as it is for all citizens to
pay taxes.
The so-called "open" shop employer
would not approve a citizen Sinking
his duties as a taxpayer, but does
favor his employees shirking their
duties to their fellows. The reason
for the latter position is apparent.
The employer profits by this shirk-
ing, which permits him to set wages,
hours and working conditions. But
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21

Newark has been honored as the
meeting place of two important con-
ventions next month, and it behooves
our citizens generally, but especially
those identified with organized labor,
to take such action as will maintain
the city's reputation for hospitality
and to entertain our visitors in such
manner that Newark and a royal
good time shall be synonymous terms.
The District Convention of Shop
Crafts, representing the blacksmiths,
boilermakers, sheet metal workers,
carmen and electricians of the B. &
O. system, will convene on Friday,
June a, for three days session.
These deliberations will be presided
over by the General Chairmen of each
of the above crafts as follows:
Blacksmiths - John E. Schaefer,
Cincinnati; Boilermakers-J. B. I'm
gruhn, Cincinnati; Sheetmetal Work
ers-John j. Wall, Cincinnati; Car
men--C. w. Murphy, st. Louis; Elec-
trical Workers-V. H. Effnger, Lima.
Many matters of vital Importance
will come before these meetings and a
large attendance is anticipated. The
places for the various meetings will
be announced later.
The System Federation No. 80 B.
& O. and Allied Lines Convention will
be held the week beginning Monday,
June 7, and continue in session until
all business to be transacted is COM
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
S-Hour Day 0. X.
u. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
MAKES REPORT
Shorter Day is More Efficient Than
10 Hours Says Expert

Washington - The eight-hour day
is not only more efficient than the
1O-hOur day in industrial plants, but
it is more economical, is the verdict
of the United States public health
service, whose experts have made
three-years' study of conditions and
production in standard factories of
both classes.
The report is a complete vindica-
tion of organized labor's position on
this question.
The plants surveyed were selected
after great deal of care. Each is
a modern factory, employing such a
large number of workers as to make
any conclusions reached apply to in
dustry in general. The other con-
sideration was that the machinery,
manufactured product and processes
in the 10-hour plant should be suf-
ticiently similar to the eight-hour
plant to make fair comparison.
The advantages are all in favor of
eight-hour days, or shifts, as COM
pared with the 10-hour day, and re-
late to maintenance of output, to lost
time and to industrial accidents.
Here are the main conclusions sum-
married.:
Maintenance of output-The out
standing feature of the eight-hour
day is steady maintenance of output.
The outstanding feature of the To-
hour system is the decline of output.
Lost time-Under the eight-hour
system work with almost full power
begins and ends approximately on
schedule time is reduced to a mini
mum. Under the 10-hour system
work ceases regularly before the end
of the spell and lost time is frequent.
Stereotyped output-Under the 10
hour system the workers seem to arti-
ficially restrict their efforts and to
keep pace with the less efficient work.
ers. Under the eight-hour day the
output varies more nearly according
to the individual capacity of the
worker. That is: each is more likely
to do his utmost, rather than an
average days work." regulated by a
low standard.
Industrial accidents-This phase of
the study is of particular interest.
Ordinarily accidents may be expected
to vary directly with speed and pro-
duction, owing to increased exposure
to risk. But when fatigue is taken
into consideration there is marked
modification of this rule. When there
is reduction of output due to fatigue
there is rise in the number of acci-
dents; that is, in the last hours of the
10 or 12-hour day, in spite of en-
ployes slowing up in work, more ac-
cidents occur. If for any reason pro-
duction is speeded up in the last
hours, when the workers are fatigued,
the rise in the number of accidents
rises so rapidly as to leave no room
to doubt that the higher accident risk
accompanies the decline in working
capacity of the employe.
The full report is contained in
public health bulletin No. LOG, which
is the first of series to be published
by the United States public health
service on the problems of industrial
working capacity.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21

amusements and recreation. Company
doctors, company nurses, etc., are un-
known among union employers.
The non-union shop employer ig-
nores these fundamentals. He would
conceal his slave theory-his MASTER
ship over his employees and their
working conditions-by talking about
the so-called "open" shop, the glory
of independence, and "the tyranny of
the unions" while he himself denies
independence and proves that tyranny
can exist, though he attempts to con-
ceal it with a velvet glove.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Facts Misstated as Ususal

The articles in the Newark dailies,
relative to the settlement of the
grievance of the Ohio Electric en-
gineers and firemen at GAINESVILLE, at
usual were Incorrect with the excep-
tion of the increase in wages, and that
only benefited fifteen men instead of
100 as stated. There was no con-
ference held, neither was the griev-
ance adjusted. The final outcome
will be truthfully given in the Leader
after a conference has been held.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Is Bearing Fruit
OLD PARTIES REALIZE LABOR
MEANS BUSINESS
Political Party Worship Replaced by
LabOr's NOn-Partisan System

Washington - The trade union
movement, with 40-year-old demand
for political non-partisanship, has
dealt partyism hard blows.
The A. F. of L. advocated non
partisanship when this theory was a
source of endless amusement to So
called practical" men, but today
every group of citizens apply this
bolts and divisions are the nightmare
of politicians, whose stock in trade
is party obedience. The American
political party system, with its rigid
discipline and party appeal, no longer
exists. The difficulty in maintaining
party regularity is constantly in
creasing as citizens insist on inde-
pendent voting.
This independence is indicated by
trade union responses to the A. F.
of l.. program of non-partisanship.
Nearly 5000 locals are already rep
resented by committees elected by
central bodies and local unions.
These committees receive the records
OF senators and congressman from
the A. F. of l.. national committee,
distribute literature, urge unionists
to qualify for voting by registering,
and to take part in primaries and
nominating conventions. All these
are necessaries preliminaries to cast
ing an intelligent ballot. State fed
erations of labor are doing similar
service within their jurisdictions, and
officials of national and international
unions are urging members to work
and vote for tried trade unionists or
known defenders of the cause of labor.
The trend of the times is distinc-
lively non-patrison. The trade union
movement has established this prin-
ciple after 10 years agitation. The
A. F. of l.. fought for this principle
for two reasons - first, because it
guarantees political freedom to every
member, and second, because non
partisanship is the most effective
policy.
This is shown by labor's gains un-
der the plan and also by the fact that
other groups of citizens now resort
to this method.
The A. F. of l.. national non-par-
tisan political campaign committee
has issued hundreds of thousands of
letters and pieces of literature in the
last two months. Like wave the
non-partisan sentiment is rolling on
among the organized workers and the
movement has checked the anti-union
movement that was so recently ram
pant in congress. While it is GUS
tomary for anti-union office seekers
and their friends to subside some
what at election times, there is always
a group of "bitter enders" and intel
lectual intolerants who publicly con-
denim the men and women of organ
lied labor. This element now talks
of Square deal" for labor.
But the trade union movement is
not of the forgetting" kind. The
records of these lawmakers need no
explanation. These records are being
supplied to the organized workers
who are indicating a determination
to use their ballot as citizens and as
trade unionists for the election of
men who favor progress, humanity
and justice.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
BARRIERS Unite

Indianpolis-The Journeymen Bar
bers' International union reports the
issuance of charters in the following
localities last month: Woodlawn,
Pa; South Bend, Ind; Tulsa and
Frederick, Okla; Dayton, Ohio; Wal
lingford, Conn; Parkersburg, w. Va;
and Greeley, Col.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
BLACKSMITHS ARE OUT

Fresno, Cal.-A 100 per cent strike
of blacksmiths in this city was called
to enforce wage demands. The strike
was precipitated when the men were
told, on presenting their new scale,
that they must resign from the union
or quit their employment.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Eagles to Have Big Meeting

A big class will be initiated at the
meeting of Newark Eagles next Sun
day, and fine program has been ar
ranged. The initiation will be held
at the X. of p. hall on East Main
street at p. m.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Iron Workers Gain

st. Louis - Wages are increased
from 81 an hour to $1.25 an hour by
local No. 18, bridge, structural and
ornamental iron workers. The work
week is "a hours, and the men are
paid $40 for an eight-hour day, with
double time for overtime.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
More Switchmen Unite

Buffalo, N. V During the past
month the Switchmen's Union of
North America has issued charters
to the following locals: Massillon and
Canton, Ohio; Sioux Falls, S. Dak.;
Indio, CAL; Monroe, La. and Amar-
lilo, Texas.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Win Union Shop

Toronto, Ontario - The Painters,
Decorators and Paper Hangers union
has secured union shop agreement
and a minimum scale of Is cents an
hour.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
COOpers Raise Wages

Philadelphia-The new wage scale
of Coopers' union No. 108 calls for
$42.50 week. The original demand
was $45, but a compromise was
effected
Railway, N. IA wage increase of
So week has been secured by
Coopers' union No. 145.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Machinists Reduce Hours

Erie, Pa.-Machinists employed by
the Allen Machine company and the
Standard Stoker company have Sc
cured the eight-hour day.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Metal Workers Gain

Grand Rapids, Mich.-Sheet Metal
workers in this city have been organ
lied less than a year, but their pro-
press is continuous.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Iron MOlders Winning

Duluth-Iron molders are winning
their strike which was caused by a
refusal of employers to pay 80 cents
an hour.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Movie Operators Gain

Denver-Organized moving picture
operators have raised wages from $50
and $35 to $42.50 a week for six and
one half hours each day.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Bakers Raise Wages

New York = Bakers union No. l
has secured a 10 per cent wage in
crease. The $4 rate for night work
is advanced to &C.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Car Men Raise Wages

Cleveland, O.-The local street car
company has dropped its demand for
the non-union shop and platform en-
ployes have compromised their wage
demand
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Elks Initiation

At the meeting of Newa' Elks on
June l, big class will b initiated,
and fine program ha4 been ar
ranged by Exalted Ruler Gus Wei
gand. This will end the degree work
until next fall as a "closed season"
will be observed during the summer,
except the regular monthly meetings.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
Steam Filters Gain

altimore-Organized steam filters
and helpers have raised wages to 81
an hour for the former and Is cents
for the latter.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
WAGE INCREASES
Gains in Wages Made by Organized
Labor Throughout the Nation
Wire Men Raise Wages

Erie, Pa. - Electrical workers in
this city have established a rate of
ST an hour.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21

One special duty we owe ourselves
is, to see that the union liable is on
everything we buy with our wages,
earned under q union wage scale.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-05-21
LABOR'S PROGRESS
advances Made and Better Conditions
Secured All Over the Country
Fur Workers Buy Home

New York - Four Fur Workers.
unions have purchased an $4,000
home for their members.
The Washington times., 1920-01-14

available through this o6iea.
The Washington times., 1920-01-14
FOR SALE-H0USES
ATTRACTIVE NORTHWEST
LOW-PRICED DWELLINGS.

II you contemplate purchasing q
home you cannot afford to make Z
decision without first looking at the
many bargains we offer. We have
on our lists many houses that We
offer at prices less than asked I'VE
years ago.
ss.sso--iIth St, between N and ga
stories; . roons. lot is.sxs$ to an alley
sI1ss-isth, near N; . stories; .
rooms; . most convenient location
tt.eoo--He.r the Junction OF Nsv
York and New Jersey avenues N. w:
a neat corner dwelling q rooms enc
bath: frontage of ~ fsst; very
Ss.soe-west Of Itth St: ssmi-ds-
tached. . stories and cellar; rooms
and bath; furnace heat
Ss.aso-North Capitol st., near y:
ssSm. Ssssa awsiiinsi N,s sasi stories and cellar
yAs5o-Rhode Island avenue. near
9Th St; brick dwellinsi rooms and
bath; easy pAymsnta
St,1so-Nsar ist and O sta NV; D
story dwelling. with cellar, 7 rooms
and bath: furnace heat.
ss.oos-sth ST.. near o: . rooms and
bath; , stories; lot zoxlos to an alley.
Ss,Sse-on the Heights. west OF
18Th: q s-story s-room brick dwelling:
very handsome front Of light brick ana
limestone; lot isxioo.
SS.sss-on the Heixhts. west OF 18th
ST.; 3 stories; . rooms; q well-planned
house: reception hall. dining room.
pantry. kitchen. 9 sleeping rooms; .
stairwayA
Ss.7So-on sth street near N;
stories; 9 rooms and bath; lot zoxies
TO an alley.
u,soo-A Io-room brick dwelling
sS feet to a public alley; must be sold
70 settle an estate
sa.7ss-sd street near p; rooms
ss.7So-sd stree, near q; . stories
and cellar; 10 rooms and bath
Ss.1Ss--Nsar the Court House; . y
story bsy- window brick dwelling;
bath; the Mouse sold originally for
$500: H. - undoubtedly ono OF the
best ba+sains ensrsa 10 the d0wntown
1s.Sso-o strsst, opposite ths PEN
:!sn oaies; ~ rooms ana bath: lot
sg,7ss-.ysean. yies.it, Of pupon.
Ciecte. = I've stories and cellar;
roeu1 end bath; hot-water heat: room
for garage: double front porch
S3S X st. N. VA desirable down
town residence; S-story and basement
10 rooms. bath: excellent location for
rooming. Price reasonable.
es.6ee-I st N. w., between North
Capitol and list: . rooms and bath.
hot-watsr heat; lot 1880.
&S,ooo-Mt Pleasant. west Of 18th;
nearly new; . stories and cellar; .
rooms. tiled bath. hot-wstsr hsst;
electric lightA
SS,ooo-Near 18th and Monroe sta:
3 stories and cellar; Z rooms and st.
TIC: lot 2Sx1ee.
STONE & FAIRFAX.
1912 Nav York Avn
The Washington times., 1920-01-14
" STONE 4 FAuUAX.
f3l2 New York Avenue N. ".

HEDGES 4 MIDDLETON. Inc.
1884 H st. N. w. Phone Main 1925
Price eSl,fSe-CoLUMB1AH HE10Hrs
Convenient to Georgia avenue car line
and not far from SOLDIER Home;
cosy little home Of 6 rooms and bath
that may be sold on terms OF S7ke
cash and 3tS Dor month.
Price Ss..se BLooMINoDALE
SECTION. Very conveniently located
in ono of the best blocks Of this Soc
ton; a 2-story 8-room and bath bay
window brick. having I bedrooms on
the second floor: . cash payment ~
low ~ $3.50 will be accepted
Price S3,6ee-KRAMER STREET
N. T. $500 CASH. A nice little home
of rooms and bath. heated by fur
mace and having gas light: this little
house 10 bound to please you and
would be glad to have you inspect the
same At once.
HEDGES & MIDDLETON, Inc.
1884 H St. N. w. Phone Main 102S
The Washington times., 1920-01-14

coLoRED inspect at once-s r. b. !;
porch front; brick: Sherman ave. near
Park road; 1850: terms
NEW YORK REALTY BROKERS. 1893 r.
SAVE COMMISSION, INSURE POSSESSION
-6-room and bath semi-detsched brick,
furnace. open fireplace. room for garage;
vide alley; 5000, terms: liberal discount
for cash. OWNER. 1913 Caroline st. N.
The Washington times., 1920-01-14
FOR RENT-0FFICES

LARGE desk room, modern building; cleo
trio lights. Janitor and elevator service
no per month with ofnce sttenas,nt, ~
wednssdAy to Friday ~
The Washington times., 1920-01-14

VACANT, and . bargain: Chevy Chase. d.
C.. near Circle. half block from Conn. ave
cars: detached, with large front porch III
rooms, two baths, hot water heat, gas, cleo
tricity. servants toilet, stationary tubs.
sleeping porch, two open hreplaces: lot BOZ
1875; room for garage; house now being re-
finished. Price $4,000: $500 or more
cash.
3032 Cambridge Place, strictly white neigh.
borhood; three-story and basement
pressed brick residence; nine rooms, bath.
large lot to alley; room for garage Price.
34,75o; $3.50 or more cash.
s35 9Th Street NJ E., corner residence. with
business future; six rooms, bath, con-
crete cellar: . bargain At L16o: $500 or
more cash.
Investment-fo4o Georgia ave. N. W
Two-story brick apartment. containing
three apartments Of four rooms and bath
and one store; total rents 1880 montn
no heat furnished. Price, $500; Stooo
cash. Pre-war rents. which can BE- In
F. P. SHEEHY,
1410 G street. FIR. GILT.
The Washington times., 1920-01-14
Chevy Chase, Md.

Just east OF Brookevilie road.
s-room, l-bath house: all modern
Improvement: large grounds;
garage; hardwood floors; nne
porches. Price. Sll,760.
The Washington times., 1920-01-14
Brightwood.

Attractive location. near 18th
st. extended; 8 rooms and bath;
hot-water heat; garage; immsdi-
ate possession; $500.
The Washington times., 1920-01-14
Near 18th and Otis.

semidetached home, o rooms and
bath; hot water heat; electricity;
open freplaces; o cabinet mantels;
laundry; servants toilet: lot 40
feet deep; 2-car garage: immedi-
ate possession. Price. $l0,So0.
The Washington times., 1920-01-14
FOR SALE-l0TS

iIse2 so. TT. on three streets, Potomac
ave, east of 18th s. u. asphalt rd, gas.
water, sewer BOX 2os, Times Office. ib'
FINE LoT-At Pinehurst, Chevy Chase, by
owner. Apply EUGENE BUSH, ls3s
Newton St Phone Col. 70l. jas-2ot
The Washington times., 1920-01-14

POSSESSION at once from owner besuti-
full 7-room and bath, on Park rd., near
18th and nth st cars; q m l.: e11.ooe.
Particulars call wsat u1~U~ 90 .,... -
The Washington times., 1920-01-14

Attractive detached home, 7
rooms. 2 baths. enclosed sleeping
porch: large lot; fine surround
inEs: space for garage; located
near car line. Vacant and ready
for Immediate occupancy: terms
can be arranged. Price, $9,7o0.
The Washington times., 1920-01-14
STONE & FAIRFAX.
1342 New York Ave.

IN BLoOMINGDALE
,.s sSs.s s .Gs%s sSSs 'Essns s,s.% fsnsy sss
large porch: q m. l.; $4,000.
IN BLOOMINGDALE
Still another attractive house; . ..
rooms. / bath; In good condition;
$500.
HOLMEAD PLACE
Ono block from l4th street cars; .
story brown brick, large porch, alley
and room for gagare, rooms. ! bath.
hot-water heat: only $1,000.
SOUTH OF "U" AND WEST
OF SIXTEENTH STREETS
a-story brick home: rooms and
bath front porch across entire house,
hot-water heat, electricity, room Tor
garage: moderate terms; $1,000.
GOOD LOCATION IN SOUTH
EAST
Brand new home; 6 rooms and bath,
deep lot, alley, u square from Penn
ave. cars; reasonable terms; $3.50.
NEAR CLEVELAND PARK
Detached semi-bungalow. front and
rear porches, rooms and bath, n. ".
h., electricity; $500.
NEAR SOLDIERS HOME
Convenient to Georgia ave. cars, re-
GENTLY built. s rooms, 1: beth. light
hrir
q m l.: $500.
NORTHEAST
A nice little home, newly papered
and painted, near F street cars; q
story brick, . large porches. rooms, !
bath. room for garage, for only $500
" DOWNTOWN SECTION
Northwest section; convenient to cars;
$3.50
NEAR MARYLAND AVENUE
NORTHEAST
6-rooun and bath brick house; dou-
BILE xnrage, $3.50 cash, balance $50 per
month: . bargain: $4,000.
HOWARD & HINES,
Incorporated.
734 18th Street N. w.
Main 73O-731-732.
de11-u
The Washington times., 1920-01-14

FOR SALE
Near First street N. Whine rooms and
bath; gas. furnace heat: lot 2axlso. to
alley. Price $500.
FOR SALE
800 Block b street N. E.-Nine rooms
and bath: furnace heat: newly papered
and painted. Price 5000.
FOR SALE
On 23rd street N. W.. near H-ren
rooms and bath; bay window brick Price
$500.
FOR SALE
On 2sth street. 1900 Block-Nine rooms
and bath: hot-water heat; gas and cleo
trio lights: bargain for $3.50.
Money & HINES,
726 14th Street N. W.
Phone Main 1899.
jal3-t
The Washington times., 1920-01-14
FOR SALE-H0USES FOR SALE-HOUSES
SHANNON 4 LUCHS.
Realtors.
Main 23<6
Chevy Chase. ID. G.

Ten rooms and bath; brick con-
struction; hot-water heat; cleo
tric lights; porches; absolutely
modern In every detail; attractive
surroundings; close to Conn. Ave.
car line. Price, $4,000.
The Washington times., 1920-01-14

SHANNON LUCHS-
Main 2s4s 71s 18th St. N. W.
The Coconino sun., 1920-09-24
WESTERN DEMOCRATS, ARE
 DESERVING DEMOCRATIC STRIP


 When Governor James Cox reaches California, he will find, noticeable by their absence, the faces of many prominent men who, in the days gone by, have always been in the fore front to receive and welcome Bour- bon nominee.
 Men who, in the campaigns of yes- teryear, were high in the counsels of the Democratic party, are this year definitely and unequivocally pledged to the candidacy of Senator Warren G. Harding and the entire Republican ticket.
 Among these former Bourbon stall warts who have devoted many dol lar and many days work to Dem- ocratic success but who have now gone over to the Harding Coolidge ticket are:
 M. F. Tarpey, of Fresno, former Democratic National Committeeman.
 Milton K. Young, of Los Angeles, former Democratic State Committee man and wheel-horse of the party for years.
 Joseph H. Call, also of Los Angeles, former Democratic State Committee man.
 Consider the case of M. F. Tarpey. Tarpey was not on the committee to welcome Governor Cox. He went back to Marion, Ohio, with the Repub- lican pilgrims of California, to pledge his utmost efforts to the Republican nominee.
 Tarpey said: q have reached the time of my life when I want to be a patriot rather than partisan"