davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
PLEASE CONSIDER

e Plhac II IS going ocost every school
district more to maintain it's schools
the coming session than ever before
is pretty we'll established fact. 1t
is also Il fact that it has been costing
good deal more the past year or so
thaN at any previous time: The re-
suit has been that districts usually
carrying Il nice cash balance have used
up these balances completely, while
some have gone in debt in order to
run their schools the usual term. This
copGiton cannot be permitted, for the
law expressly says tnat all contracts
which trustees make in excess Of their
funds shal! be null and void. Strictly
applied means when the money is out
to shut down at once. On obligations
in order to get state aid has prevented
a strict observance Of that law.
Now the question is what is to be
done to meet the changing times, and
get revenue with which to maintain
our schools. Levy more school taxes
IS the popular answer, and for which
the legislature has maGe ample pro-
visions. Under the present law any
school district may levy as much as
fifteen mills, and the elections under
which this can be .dora must be re-
ported to the auditor by July 1st.
Attention is hereby called to the
school patrons the Importance Of get.
ting busy at once in case your district
wants or needs to vote on anv further
snecial tax. The stops to take are as
follows:
Get up 'tition in your district
containing at least one third of the
voters and one third of the free hold
crs, and send this petition to the
County Superintendent Of Education
Y the 18th day of June. Tie election
can then be set for June @0th, and we
can thus get in. Quite number Of
school districts have voted on o6dition-
III taxes during the paat few months
"nl others have elections ordercdt
e your district needs money to
properly provide for it's needs, then
get busy. IF you do not act promptly
so that we can care your election
through by July 1st, nnd tax voted
later will have to wait year before
being entered in the Auditors ab-
stracts.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
LEAGUE BASE BAIL
GAME HERE FRIDAY, JUNE 4

Look at the line up on the profes-
sional team, Manning National League
Nine:
II. Dubrow, r. r. Jenkinson, II. T.
Ellerbe, II. Curtis, j. Widcman, II.
Rigby, J. G. Dinkins, G. DuNart Joe
RigbY, |. Appelt, G.. w. Davis. b. B.
6rccdin, II. Thomas.
Isn't that roll Of players, good
enough to bring out the Grandmothers
prandfathers, wives and children Let
thcnp al come and sec daddy and the
other boys win the National game foi
onr City Beautiful and City Santa
ton Let all the town turn ont on
Friday afternoon June dth at d o'clock
on school grounds, and witness the
oncning game Of these wonderful
League players Most of them have
been pnrchnGcd at fabulous nrices
from the Now York manager, for this
ono game only, so don't miss the op-
portunity Of life time
The Civic league will be there with
refreshing cc-cream cones for every
one
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
BISHOP WARNER DIES
AFTER LONG SERVICE

Charlotte, N. c., May 31.---Bishop
Andrew j. Warner, of the African
Methodist Episcopal Zion church, re-
garded as one OF the ablcst colored
preachers in the South, died at his
home here today following a brief i'll
ness.
Bishop Warner was seventy years Of
age and had served as a biSop twelve
years and as a minister forty years.
During his life he had been in charge
Of churches in North Carolina, Ten
nessce, Alabama and Kentucky his na-
tive State. For four ypars he served
as church extension secretary of the
general conference Of his church. Dur
ing the civil war he served as drum
mer boy in the Union army. Funeral
services will be conducted here
Wednesday.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
MANNING FESTIVAL
ARRANGEMENTS COMPLETED

+ Mr.. Lou Rose has just returned
from an 8 day trip to New York. durs5
ing which tDneshe has completet tl&ali,
arrangements fer tic great Moving
Picture Festival to be held at the Pass
time Theatre, week Of June Ii. "a
Season tickets will be sold for The.
entire shoW,i~hich entities holder to fas
reserve seat. Is h. ,5 vi B
ira seats to sthe theatre which ought
to insure all 4 seat 81
Mr.. Rose advises us chat resef va-
jtions are sclling fast, /, $50 II take a 4tipi
and place youl, fesep9st ions H early&.
Season tickets. on sa 10 now. Prices
Adults $500, Childr4n s 100.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
MADE
< BY PUPILS OF SWNRTZ STUDIO

On Friday evening at the Baptist
church the music pupils of Mrs. E.. G.
Swartz and Miss Melitte 'Swarta gave
the last of a series Of public recitals.
( 90 those who appreciate the value oil
music in our educational system it
was indeed g,'a atifying to note the
wonderful prog ross these children
have made in the past few months.
Mrs. Swartz and Miss Swartz have
labored untiringly with their pupils
and Friday evenings performance
shows the splendid results.
The first number on the program
was q waltz followed by "Criss Cross"
which Laura Peavy played in most
graceful manner.
"a Plantation Melody" played by
blanche V2nning was very we'll EN-
phasized. This was left hand
melody executed in clever style.
a selection entitled, "The Meadow
Brook .yas played by Dorothy Abrams
who showed marked Improvement in
her playing.
Vivian Katzoff who is very talented
and dependable played "a Fourth Of
July Celebration" by kroger:
A violion number playful Rondo''
was well rendered by Louise Brown
with credit by Lois Thompson. A
piano duet entitled "To The Evening
stay" was played by Miss Mildred
Smith and Miss Helen Katzoff. The
ensign March violin solo played
by ,Alston Davis was specially good
A piano trio "Hebc" played by Pauline
Peavy, Mildred Thompson and Lois
Thompson was difficult yet played in
Dcrfoct time "A JiniJ" a piono coli
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
PRESIDENTS PAY
FREE FROM TAXES

Washington, June l.---Proyisions Of
the war revenue act requiring the
President and AL Federal Judges to
pay an income tax on their salaries
were declared unconstitutional today
by the supreme court in to 2 de-
cision.
Under the act the President paid on
his salary Of $4,000 a year approxi-
matcly $4,000 in taxes.
Revenues already collected undnr
tn invalid provisions will, under. the
court's decision, be refunded by the
The supreme courts decision was on
appeals by Federal District Judge Wal
ter Evans otsLouisville, Ky, from low
er court DEGREES, dismissing a suit
brought by him to recover taxes invol-
unfairly paid. He contended that the
Federal constitution prohibited judges
salaries being diminished during con
tinuancc in Office"
,Justic Van Dcvanter. who rendered
the majority opinion held, however,
that Federal Judge was not exempt
from tax on his private income or on
his property. -
Justice Holmes rendered a dissent
ing opinion in which justice Brandcis
concurrcd.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
FLYING TO AUSTRIA

rfHn Nav 31-A spring effort to
y" 10 Australia alone in a small air.
lnre was begun this morning by
Fis"tenant TIinkleyya g former member
.oF tho British ain forces.
MS marhine has only$a 35 horse
noWer ergine2With special petrol tanks
to oproYide enough fuel from 600 toS7O0
miles Of continuous fight. The lieu
tenant will make the flight by way OF
Paris, Rome and Egypt. Ei.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
TALTED BT DEADLOCK

w 1ington, May 3l.--Senate and
lhons ,onfcrees on tne annual river
and = Dor appropriation bill reached
y dei >ck today and voted to report
that therf efforts to perfect the
feata would be futile.
Meig ns. Of the conference commit.
tee {ait that with recess impending
II =tdissPreomcnt meant there would
II, and harbor appropriations
IL Yssaas !,
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
STRIKE Ar END

a Roanoke, va May 81 Virginia.
railway employees at Princeton, w.
Nar today unanimously accepted set
ttloment5oi the strike, according to q
telegram from q. ID. Laudenann. dis
.tfiqt federation chairman, from Blue
Field, Viva. s.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
Tbtal 81.
u a Rainat the resolution i.

Y }Republicans: Non
5~ Democrats: Ashurst, Gay, Han''son,
Henderson, Hitchcock, Kenrick lAng,
Mcclellan, Pheian, Pittmnn, Ransqell,
Robinson, Sheppard, Simmons, Smith
oS Ari&ona, Smith Of Maryland, Sn it'll
OF South Carolina, Stanley, Tramnell,
Nndsi@ood Walsh of Montana, Viii
liams and Wolcott-23.
Total, 20. NJ
Several of the Democrats voting
against the resolution, including Sen
ator Hitchcock, Of Nebraska, who led
the administrations fight for ratif-
cation Of the Treaty Of Versailles, an
bounced they did so only because they
lElt the Gircct language Of the meas
rtRd would discourage the efforts of
the Armenian people.
Amendment Defeated.
Senator Hitchcock presented an
amendment which, he said, would
make the resolution acceptable to him
providing for point commission of
Americans and Armenians to rehabi-
t@te3the new Republic economically
1t WIS rejected, 43 TO 81, with only
two afpublicans, Senators Kenyon, Of
Townsend, OF Michigan
*dpp( ting it.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
ROLL OF CLARENDON
COUNTY PENSIONERS
Glass A--S1io.O0

Coker William ~, Lake CITY. s. az
Floyd Pleasant II, Turbeville' S C:j
Hickman w. W., Turbeyille S C,o.I
.Jetfords John J. Manning. S. G.: Smith
George w, PinCwood, S. G.
I Glass E--S59,3t
Abrams r. J.. Summerton 6 G :.
Brdilsford II. r., Sumlnerton, s, c.:
Burgess James a., Forestou. s. az:
Boswell Joseph = c., Foreston, S, C.:
Browder j. W., Manning, S. g.: Barnes
IS. Y, Foreston, sc; Bar6eld John.
I.J Alcolu, S. c.; -Brailsford William w :,
fN inning, S. c.; CaStne Andrew J.
s. c.; Driggers, p. b..
Manning, s. c.; Dyson Doctor Charles
NI inning, S. c.. Epps D. M, New Zion,
g. c.; Fam r. w, Nlcolu, S. c.; Flagg
Jacob c., t'orGston, S. c.; Floyd John
r., Turbcville, s. G.
Glass B-Continucd $5935
Gibbons Joseph W., New Zion, S. c..
Gniftin Henry NJ, Manning, S. c.;
G"een Robert W., Turboville, S. c.;
lodge Benjaminc R., Manning, S. c.;
li&rvin G. Richard, Manning; S. c.;
Ingram 5. r.. Manning, S. c.; John
'Gl j. g., Manning, S. g.; June Thco-
core g., Jordan, S. c.; Morris Samue.
~. W.. Turbevillc, S. c.; Mitchum
James Z Wilson, S. c.; Montgomery
John A., Foraston, S. c.: Minis Thomas
a., Pinowood S. e.: pilgeway Peter
T.. Manning, S. c.; Richbourg A. j.,
S,ll'mm'rton; s. G.; Richbourg, j. e.
j,,ore@ton, ). G.; Stukes James B..
nmeW"od, 5. G.; Thi%pcn w. H.
S@ocs, >. g.; Tobias Samuel r., For
r$tn,, =; - Tobias Isaac ~, Wilson,
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02
CARD OF THANKS

We wish to thank our friends for
the many acts of Kindness shown us
in our recent bereavement.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. ID. Allsbrook,
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1920-06-02

GallIald i B., Manning. S. c.
Holiday Fannie, Manning, S. c.; John
p. Manning, S. c.; Jones Addie NJ,
Davis Station, s. c.; Mcleod Mary A.,
Paxville, s. c.; Richardson Mary A.,
Summerton, s. c.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1920-10-31
CAN SEND MESSAGE
AROUND THE WORLD
First Wireless \ Plan to Accom-.
pIish Feat Built in France
BY Americans. -,

SAN FRANCISCO, Oct 31.-The
first wireless plant to send a mes
sage around the world is American
made throughout.
The great station named after La
fayette is located at Croix d'Hins.
near Bordeaux, France, and was con-
structed at a cost approximating $14,-
OOO,O 900.
The electrical equipment was
manufactured by an American con-
Germ in the laboratories at Palo Alto,
near here.
Each of the eight towers of the
station is $50 feet high and 1900 feet
apart, surpassed in height by only
one steel structure in the world-thc
Eiffel Tower in Paris.
The Navy Department OF the United
States started construction of the
station during the war to safeguard
communication between this coun-
try and France. Construction was
stopped when the armistice was
signed and the large naval detail in
charge of the work was recalled. At
this time three pyramidal bases had
been erected. France offered to pur-
chase the station IL the work would
be completed by America An Amer
lean steel company won the contract
and used an army OF 900 men in its
construction. Three of these men fell
from the dizzy heights OF the tow.
crs and were instantly killed
Wooden scaffolding used in the
construction OF the towers could be
carried away handy by one man.
Unless a steeplejack asking employ
ment could work on steel sirders
alone he was not employed.
One man standing on the platform
at the top of the tower can sway the
900 tons OF steel back and forth with
ease, yet Il Is estimated the station
will last 900 years with ordinary at
tention to painting.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1920-10-31
TENANTS QUIT FLATS
AND HIKE TO SUBURBS

DETROIT, Oct. 31.-An exodus OF
Detroit apartment house jewellers to
the suburbs has been in progress
recently because OF certain ''iniqui-
tious'' clauses which the apartment
house tenants were requested to agree
to in a new form OF lease prepared
by their landlords:
"No children. dogs. cats, parrots.
or birds.
NO music or noise after 10 o'clock.
"Visitors allowed to remain not
later than 10 p. m.
mo wash on the clothes line-not
even a handkerchief on Sunday.
Reading of Sunday papers on
front porch prohibited.
"A limit of two weeks Is placed
on all visits from relatives and
friends" CTis an ill wind that
blows no good.)
And to add insult to injury the
said Detroit landlords demand an In
crease Of 40 per cent for renewal
of all expiring leases.
And so they have moved!
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1920-10-31
Japan USES DRUGS
|. TO WRECK Chinese
Morphine Sold to Natives u
Insidious Effort to Control
Nations Trade.

Drugs and deceit are among the
methods japan 10 using to undermine
China and her people and TO get .
hold on Chinese trade which America
will never be able to break. accord
ing 10 statements OF Chinese students.
coming to this country for college
educations. to army and navy officers
today.
The opium traffic. barred by tAs
Chinese law. which was concurred b
by nearly every civilised nation. =
being replaced In Shsntung and sew.
ersl other provinces by morphine an
other drugs. they asserted. These
drugs. they stated. were introduced
among the Chinese people by Japan
ese under the guise of "remedieS
represented TO be the latest and most
wonderful discoveries OF medical
science.
The usual method employed in fos-
tering the habits. the students told
q Chinese hired TO them to collect q
crowd In the streets by banners or
beating OF drums. Then the alleged
physician addressed tho crowd. de-
claring that science had now produced
a remedy which would cure any ache.
pain or III, and even Danish sadness
and low spirits.
The usual procedure. the students
said. was then to ask those with aches
or pains to step forward and be
treated free. II any responded the
Japanese administered a dose OF NOR
phine or other n-deadening drug
and as soon as II had time to take
effect the patients would be asked tf
they continued to suffer.
When they answered that they haA
no pain the crowd would be informed
where they could obtain the mar
velous. remedy, the students do
clared.
Strong efforts. the students seid.
were being used to discredit Amers-
can manufacturers by preventing
They declared that tons of Ameri-
| can goods which il was necessary
to trans-ship for China at Kobe. werU
held there until time OF delivery
was past. The Chinese purchasers
were then approached and told the
Japanese could furnish these same
goods Immediately.
The marking on the American
| goods then were removed, according
to the students, and the goods them
selves forwarded without delay. NO
monetary profit was gained by the
japanese. the students claimed, az
the goods were sold at the price
named by the American shippers.
When the shippers presented claims
for damage the Japanese. 1t was de-
clared, paid these claims without
protest.
Tht object. the students explained.
don thai American arms were not
to be depended on and that they
would not keep faith. whereas the
Japanese made deliveries as prom
| Used.
The students claimed that the jap
anese had stiffed competition in the
iron mines of Shantung through con-
troll of the railroad and failure to-
supply cars to mines other than those
! controlled by Japanese.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1920-10-31
NERVE
This Robber Had II When
He Picked Out Tailor
Shop.
OWNED BY CHIEF COZ
Was Trying on Suits at
Midnight When Police
man Appeared.
OWNED BY CHIEF COP

HAMMoNroN. N. J.. Oct si.-Hsr-
~ p. Mattola. acting chief OF po-
lice. conducts a tailoring establish
ment In the heart OF the town.
At I o'clock yesterday morning
Policeman John Kelly arrested q
man whom he found In the store
trying on a new suit OF clothes.
When the policeman had taken
his prisoner to the lookup. and
while he was endeavoring TO open
the lock the prisoner escaped.
The officer then drew his pistol.
and aiming In the direction OF the
fugitive, pulled the trigger five
times
All that answered his strainins
ears was the click OF the hammer.
On the sixth chamber there was
an explosion.
BY that time, Policeman Kelly
said. the man whom he was about
to put In jail as a thief had disap-
peared. Tiki.
Two other robberies Of clothing
stores have occurred within the
past ten days. but the police say
that they never heard of a thiefs
entering the store of the chief OF
police before.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1920-10-31
MARK TWAIN HEROINE
TALKS OF TOM SAWYER

COLUMBIA. Mo-, Oct. S1.-Mrs.
Laura Hawkins Frazer. who Is the
original Becky Thratcher in "Tom
SAWYER visited in Columbia last
week. Mrs. Frazer, who Is now
eighty-three years old, commented on
Becky pleasantly and reminsced de-
lightcdly on Mark Twain.
eyes. I knew Mr.. Clemens from my
earliest childhood: went to school
with him. played with him. We were
close friends in our youthful days.
Becky Thatcher Is a true character.
All the incidents OF the book are
true except the one that says we
were lost in the cave. We were new
or, lost there, although we spent day.
in our childhood roaming around 1t"
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1920-10-31
CLUB SHE FOUNDED
GUSTS MRS. CROSBY
Spirited Talk Ensues When
Democratic Women in N. Y.
Drop Pilot Overheard.

NE WYORK. Oct 31.-Much acri-
mony and not q few tears dis
tinguished the official expulsion Of
Mrs. John Sherwin Crosby from the
Women's Democratic Club Saturday
afternoon at the Hotel Com nodore
on charges OF disloyalty to the
principles of the Democratic party.
Mrs. Crosby had been found guilty
Of comfort to the enemy in the form
of a Harding and Wadsworth head
quarters at the Wa'dorf-Astoria and
in setting up a so-called Democratic
Women's League for their support
The Women's Democratic Clue
was the last of three organizations
founded by Mrs. Crosby. former
State. Democratic Chairman for Wo-
men, to repudiate her. While THE
others contented themselves with
condemning her to outward political
darkness. the Women's Democratic
Club appointed an investigating COM
mittee with Mrs. Charles y. Hirst as
chairman to sift the charges and in
vited the offender to hear the ind
ings
Mrs. Crosby to use her own phrase
denied the charges and defled the
chargers" She accused the women
of being under thte orders Of Tam
many Hall and insisted she stood on
the plane of Bourke Cochran. who
often as. he deserted the Democratic
party. she said. was welcomed back.
Mrs. Crosby was denied the company
of Mrs. ]mogen King and Mrs. A.
Emil Skogg, who have associated
themselves with her new undertake
ing and were expelled with her.
There was much excitement when a
stenographer endeavoring to smuggle
herself in to take notes for the
Crosby side was put out
you have insulted every woman
who ever worked for Suffrage in
this State, Mrs. Crosby, by espousing
the canse of Wadsworth," said Hirst-
Senator Wadsworth," replied Mrs.
Crosby. had an inspired vision when
he voted against Woman Suffrage.
Women are not fit for the vote. You
are showing it now
you are n disgraced woman, a
laughing stock" put in Mrs. Childs.
II know it," shouted Mrs. Crosby.
but whatever you do. do 1t legally"
Assured that lawyers had been con-
suited. she exclaimed. They're cheap.
You can't put me out. 1 founded the
club"
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1920-10-31
CHIROPRACTIC
CANCER.
CLAIRvOYANTS
Licensed By the District Of Columbia
A PREDICTION BY
RTHA M SPENCER

ONE OF THE WORLDS MOST DISTIN-
GUISHED MENTAL PSYCHIC ME-
DIUMS AND LIFE READERS.
SO many Of my clients ask me every day
''Who will be our next PRESIDENT" For
the benefit of the public | will give you the
advantage OF MY MARVELLOUS ABILITY
THE REPUBLICAN PARTY WILL RE
IN POWER FOR THE NEXT EIGHT
YEARS, BRINGING GREAT SUCCESS
AND PROSPERITY TO OUR COUNTRY.
Gifted with a clear insight into human
nature which is marvellous and acknowI-
edged by tho most noted scientists as the
most distinguished medium OF modern
times. WITHOUT ASKING A QUESTION,
TELLS YOU OF YOUR TROUBLES; HOW
THEY MAY BE PERMANENTLY OVER
COME: who are friends. who are enemies.
How to BECOME REUNITED TO YOUR
LOVED ONE. HOW TO HOLD THEIR
LOVE AND ESTEEM; tells Of absent
friends: advises on business. speculation,
investmentS, changes. love. courtship. mar
rage and divorce. To consult Nine.
Spencer means to spend the most inter
esting and positively the most valuable half
hour you have ever known: accepting no
fee unless perfect satisfaction is given.
STUDIO, 924 18th st. N. w.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1920-10-31
.DUCKFREED IN GOTHAM
SHOT $500 MILES AWAY

CALGARY, Alberta, Oct 31.-A pin
tai, Wild duck, shot at Camrosc, Al
berta $50 miles northeast of Calgary.
bore a band on leg with the inscrip-
tion: Released by the American Mu-
scum at New York. VIII the finder
OF No. 357s3 please notify us?'
The finder was Carl Jensen, OF
Camrose, who shot the duck on the
outskirts of his town. He noticed the
band, and set the bird aside to Be
mounted. He Is also communicative
with the American Museum.
1t IL estimated that tho distance
from New York to Camrose In a
air line Is approximately 1900 miles.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1920-10-31
SENDS COPS UFON
HUNT FOR
7. LIGHT

Policemen In the Tepth Precinct
celebrated halloween last night by
peering into cellar windows for an
unattended gas light.
A telephone call from Mrs.. Silas
Smith was received at headquarters
through the Baltimore exchange
late last night.
II am In Baltimore" said Mrs.
Smith. II live In the Tenth Pre-
cinct. left the gas burning In
Jay cellar. Won't you please send
4 policeman To turn II gut? Br-r-r
clackety-ciack." and the police never
learned her address.
IL is rumored that the gas Is still
burning In Mrs. Smiths cellar. 1t
Is also rumored that a number OF
Tenth Precinct cops have "cricks'.
in their backs from STOPPING to look
in cellar windows.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1920-10-31
MISS BOARDMAN HEADS
DORMTTORY COUNCIL

An advisory council OF three
women to assist in the operation OF
the government dormitories. has Just
been appointed by Robert Watson,
president of the Housing Corpora
ton.
The members Of the council are
Miss Mabel T. Boardman, District
commissioner: Mrs. Clara Sears
Taylor, OF the Rent Commission; and
Miss Julia q. I.athrop. of the Depart
ment of Labor.