davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18

degrees Ccntigradc our average life
would be heightened from three
score and ten to about twenty-seven
times that length, i. G.. to about
1900 years" This would be due
to the retardaton of the chemical
reaction. But Loeb continues:
Sensation Would Be Dead
Unfortunately our body does
not tolerate any considerable lower
ing of its temperature, and if it
did, life at so low a temperature
probably would become very monot-
onous and uninterestng, since in
al probability sensations of pleas
ure as we'll as pain, Of JOY and of
sadness would be at very low
level
Greater progress has been made
in the search for the substance
destroyed by the black sheep of the
human organization than in the
search for the black sheep. Dietary
investigators have shown the ne
cessity for vitamincs in the food.
What vitamines are is not known.
1t is a name that has been given
to an organism that is known to
exist, but which has never been
isolated. Whatever it is, it is vitality
necessary to human life and is sup
piled by taking a sufficient quantity
Of fruit and leafy vegetables with
the diet.
Other Investigations indicate that
the ductless glands Of the body sup
ply an organism-lkewisc not yet
isolated-which has been given the
name of hormone, and that with the
disappearance of the hormoncs
come old age and death.
The frog matches from the egg
without legs and with long tail. In
the third or fourth month of its life
the tadpole metamorphoses into the
frog. 1t has been discovered that
this metamorphosis can be brought
about at will, even in the youngest
tadpoles, by feeding them thyroid
gland from any animal, while if the
thyroid gland is removed from a
tadpole it can never become frog.
If, however, tadpole that has had
its thyroid gland removed is fed
thyroid gland from some other
animal, the tadpole metamorphoses.
The saamander also undergoes
mctamorphosis, but there is a
variety in Mexico that always re-
talns it's original form. 1t has been
discovered that by feeding this
Mexican salamander thyroid gland
1t will metamorphose.
Loeb says:
THE thyroid gland stores the
traces Of iodine taken up in our food
and it seemed possible that the
iodine contained in the thyroid was
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18
Fabled Fountain Of Youth Has Been Outdone by Scen
Youth Is Merely a Chemical Reac-:
ton and Can Be Controlled,
Says DR.. jacques Loeb

accepted span of man should not be.
one hundred years instead Of se,-s
enty. While considering the vast
strides that have been made nv
science in the last hundred years. he
sees no reason why the investiga-
tions of what life is should not re. 10
suit in another hundred years or les; ;''
in the discovery of the principle that
must be conserved in order that the.
human life span may reach into the.
hundreds of years instead of merely
the scores. Such a result. DR.. Fisk
believes, would be only benefit to
the race, for the meaning of it,
would be a tremendous increase in.
mans years of greatest production
and the years of activity that fol
low
The Mortality Rate -
Investigations show that man is
at the point of lowest mortality rate
at the age Of twelve years. The rate
Of mortality has doubled by the~e
time he is twenty. The years to
thirty are the ones in which the
proportionate increase in mortality
is least By the time he is forty
mortality is five times as great as at
twelve; at fifty it is eight times as
great, and at sixty it is sixteen times
as great.
This gives picture of the chemi-
cal reaction that is life as it is
accelerated by disease. The object
Of the investigators is to seize upon
the reaction in the stage that ii >
reaches between the ages of twenty
and thirty and arrest it there, for
at that time man has reached ma.
turity and is in the full enjoyment
of his physical and intellectual
vigor. The laboratory investigators
would find the antidote to the black
sheep. DR.. Fisk would give man as
nearly as possible perfect health, so
that his inherent physicA strength =
would hold the chemical reaction of -
life to it's laboratory velocity. The :
laboratory investigators would give
man 1000 years Of life. DR.. Fisk
would give him life span Of more
than one hundred years.
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18

the active principle causing meta
morphosis in tadpoles. This was
confirmed by Swingle, who succeed
ed in inducing mctamorphosis in
tadpoles by feeding them with
traces of inorganic iodine. Accord
ing to our present knowledge, the
duration of the tadpolc stage seems
to be the time required to store the
necessary amount of certain COM
pounds, one Of which contains
iodine.'
Experiments were undertaken
along the line Of measuring the
duration Of certain periods of life
when the life span was prolonged
by lowering the temperature 1t was
found that the period of youth was
increased in the exact ratio that
the length Of the life span was in
creased. Loeb concludes:
Youth a Chemical Reaction
All these data suggest the pos
sibility that the duration of life and
the duration of the larval period, or
of youth, are in reality times re-
qulred for the completion of definite
chemical reactions. The cessation
Of respiration leading to the termi-
nation of life and the alterations in
the circulation leading to metamor-
phosis or termination of youth are
critical points; and it seems possible
that these points are reached when a
certain toxic substance is formed in
adequate quantity in the body, or
when a necessary substance is de-
stroyed or sufficiently diminished in
quantity, or when both conditions
are fulflled.'
The conclusion reached by other
investigators, notably Or. Eugene l..
tlsk, medical director of the Life
/ Extension Institute, is that the pro-
longation of human life means the
/ prolongatlon of the period Of early
maturity, the period of greatest in
ltlatlve and productive power. There
would be no advantage in lengthen-
ing the human life span if it meant
that man would reach the age of
seventy or eighty years. stage Of
partial or total disability, and re-
main in that stage for thirty or
forty years longer, a burden to HIM
self and to all those connected with
him. But if the period of early
maturity could be prolonged to sew
enty or eighty years before deteri-
Grafton began, then a positive benefit
would accrue from the lengthening
of the human life span.
Data gathered by DR.. Fisk show
that the period from twenty to thirty
years is the most productive period
Of mans life and that at thirty
years mans physical deterioration
begins to accelerate and the de-
! terioratlon continues from then on
with constantly increasing rapidity.
The deterioration iss due, he says,
primarily to the che4hical reaction
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18

outlined by Dr. Loeb, but is greatly
hastened by disease. Disease is in
itself a chemical reaction. 1t is the
taking into the system of foreign
organisms that join with DR.. Loeb's
''black sheep" to accelerate the
chemical reaction that is life. If
disease could be eliminated from
human beings the human life span
would be greatly prolonged, pos
sibly doubled, while certainly thirty
or forty years would be added to
the Scriptural threescore years and
ten.
A Longer Productive Period
Thus, DR.. Fisk believes that with
the knowledge at present in our
possession, without the discovery of
the black sheep in the human organi-
zation or the substance destroyed,
human life can be prolonged thirty
or forty years, and this prolongation
would not come after disability, but
would be added to the productive
period.
The way to accomplish this is by
hygienic living, hygienic eating and
keeping constant account of the gen.
eral physical condition, with instant
steps to remedy any troubles or de-
fects that may be found. Doctors
should be regarded not as the last
resort to stave off death after dis
ease has got a stranglehold, but as
the first resort to prevent disease
finding lodging. The system
should begin with birth, and should
continue with meticulous care
throughout life In this way life,
the useful period Of life, can be pro-
longed to duration to which it is
not now possible to set any definite
limits.
DR.. Fisk does not deny that many
men are born with defects that make
a long life expectancy impossible.
but even they can be helped, and
while there will always be some who
will lag behind the average life ex-
pectancy Of the race can be in
definitely raised by right living.
There is no reason, he says, why the
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18

feet Of temperature on the time re-
quired to complete q chemical re-
action"
His conclusion is: "The expert
ments on aseptic flies, therefore,
lend support to the idea that the
duration of our life is the time re-
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18
Why Body Doesn't Digest

''These two ferments, pepsin and
trypsin, exist not only in the di1es-
tive organs, but IN many and posi- :
bly, in all living cells, and the ques-
ton arises why they do not con-
stantly digest and thus destroy our
body while life lasts. A tentative
answer to this question has been
given by Dernby, who has been able
70 show that the cooperation Of both
ferments is required In the same
cell ror tho work OF destruction, and
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18
Orient and OCCident
Meet in MarSeilles

crowded with little tables where sil
the watchers of the scenc-tablcs
which spill out on to the friendly
pavement in wide and friendly
profusion.
''Inside and out these great white
and gilt places are full of the gay
and glittering throng. There are no
slack evenings, for there is nothing
in Marseilles so serious as pleasure
Occasional, Every occasional. bad
weather or the violence Of the mis-
trail may thin the crowds, but tha,
is all. But that pleasure, it must be
said, is of quality other than merc
dissipation.
The Picturesque Arab
"The crowd in the heart of the
town is thin and casual trickle.r'
compared to the moving masses in. q.
the little side markets and in the
Arab quarter. The poor among the
natives Of the city are drab IN their
almost universal sobriety of dress.
and the girls, like the others OF
their class all over France. do not
wear hats But the Arabs are pict-
uresque, with a prediction for red
in their attire, and apparently CONF
tent if they can move slowly up ando
down one small packed alley. Not
that they do not invade the town.
on, and often outside, their lawful
occasions, but their quarter is none
the less the most definitely marked.
They, with all the other breeds and
half breeds in the place. apart from
the genuine local apachcs. figure
largely in the sudden shooting and
stabbing affrays that may cause anx
eddy in the current of the crowd az
any time and in any place The
hooligans, the apaches, seem to re-
gard death by a revolver shot ss
quite normal mode of exit, and to
be Indifferent to the fact that 1t
may come after brief and insen-'
safe quarrel in cafe with follow''
apache quite friendly hitherto.
Crowd Never Astonished
"The crowd is interested in these
affairs, but it is never astonshed. +.
have seen the red stream welllngso
from a girls breast and down her
gay and CHASTITY dress as she was
carried, collapsing, on the arms of
two villainous looking people pro-
woke only the turning Of few
heads and nothing more But proc"
cessions, bands, the passing of the
carriages of the gilt-robed matadors.
on their way to the arena-these
things are loved by the Southern
crowds.
"The outskirts of Marseilles.
| lovely as are some and dun anG
dreary others, are attractive fcT
themselves if not for their people.
and the Prado and the Corniche en-,
JOY wider fame for their beauty.
.s;'t'
But turn again TO that magic half
mile square in the centre, and there
ever and always you have humanity, =
nationality, sect and caste and disso
tinction in an endless VARIANTS
stream, the stuff of the life that =,
eddieS to the centre of the South.
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18

one or certain types of cells pro
duce a substance or substances which
gradually become harmful to a
vital organ like the respiratory
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18
Living To Be 1900 Years Old De-
clared To Be Within the
Range Of Possibility

that this cooperation Of both fer
ments becomes possible only at a
certain degree of acidity, which can
not be reached in the living body on
account Of the constant removal Of
acid through respiration and oXida
ton. When respiration ceases the
degree of acidity necessary for the
digestive action of both ferments in
the same cell is reached, leading to
gradual digestion and liquefaction
of the tissues which characterizes
the disintegration Of the dead body.
Death, then, in a human being
means the permanent cessation Of
respiration. We know that this re-
suit can be brought about by me-
chanical violence, by poison and by
disease, and since nobody can escape
all these agencies doubts have
arisen whether we do not all die
from injury or disease, and whether
such thing as natural death really
exists. If there were no natural
death it should be possible to pro-
long life indefinitely if a complete
protection against disease and acci-
dents could be secured"
DR.. Loeb proceeded to test this
theory, the fruittly being chosen for
tho ovporip,op+ Ho o~I nv Mouth
rop raised eighty-seven aseptic sue
cessive generations of the fruitfy on
aspetic yeast, their natural food
ALI possibilities of infection and all
chances of accidental or violent
death were vigorously excluded, but
they all died at the end of the ac-
cepted period Of the life of a fruit
fly, twenty-one days.
New Theory Of Old Age
The result was a new theory:
"That old age and natural death are
due either to the gradual production
in the body of a sufficient quantity
Of harmful or toxic substances or
to the gradual destruction of sub
stances in the body required to keep
it in youthful vigor, or to both. On
this basis the natural duration of
life would be IN reality the time re-
quired to complete a chemical reac-
ton or series of chemical reac-
tions, resulting in the production Of
toxic compounds in quantity sufi-
cient to kill or resulting in the de-
struction of necessary compounds"
Once more the fruithy was made
the subject Of the test. The time
required to complete chemical re-
action increases as the temperature
is lowered. A reduction of 10 de-
grees Centigrade means a doubling
or trebling of the time required for
a chemical reaction This is a con-
stant ratio. DR.. Loeb assumed that
if the temperature Of the fruitfly
were lowered 10 degrees Centigrade
the time required for the insects
chemical reaction, in other words,
the fruitf1y's life span, would be
doubled or trebled. The normal
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18
COSMOPOLITAN life at
Marseillcs, greatest Mcdi-
tcrranean seaport and one

of the most picturesque
and exciting places in the world, is
described by Leon Pavey in "The
Manchester Guardian.' He writes:
"ln those streets, not very wide,
which meet in the center of Mar
seilles there gathers day by day the
most wonderful crowd in the world.
So endless and so mixed is it that.
as it we'll understands, its chief in
terest and curiosity is in watching
itself. 1t is not docks crowd, it
is not city crowd, it is not even a
French crowd. 1t is all three, and
more than all three. 1t is amaz-
lngly cosmopolitan and wildly inter
national. 1t is the most tremendous
free show in Europe, and it is
show that has no dull moments. You
may leave it from surfcit, but never
from ennui.
4 World Avenue
"a mixed crowd may be expected
in all ports, but in Marseilles it is
mixed with a difference and an in
tensitication Marseilles is not mere
ly a port; it is the chief avenue by
which the Old World trades with
the New, and the variety Of for
eigners crowding the glittering
streets are the successors to the
Ph9nicians whose ruins on the hill
sides around date from the dawn
of known history. The Greek.
Spanish, and Italian merchants and
their employees, the easy-moving
African and Indian trading crews,
so intimately part Of the life of
the city that they each have settled
in their own particular quarter,
throng here in such numbers that
the townsman is never surprised at
any sort of extra-national event,
from a stabbing to fete day. The
black, brown, and yellow streams
we'll up from dockland into the CEN
trail tumble, each with its taboos
and its predictions and its pas
sions. You can mix with that crowd
only to observe. It would need a
thousand varying shades of inti-
macy and an intuition born of a
score of radically different sympa-
thies if you sought for a closer
approach to it's measure and its
meaning.
Audience Sits at Tables
From the Vieux Port up hill to the
Allees de Meilhan, from the great
arch on the Route d'Aix down to the
tree-hned Cours Belsunce, through
to the prefecture at the further end
of the Rue de Rome, and in the net
work that lies in between these
streets this most fascinating COM
pany loiters and passes, stays at its
cafe tables to drink and to watch
itself, and swirls again into those
endless and dizzying eddies. The
Cannebiere and the Cours Belsunce
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18
temperature Of the fruithy is 80 de-
grees Centigrade, and the results of
DR.. Loeb's experiments were as fol-
tnyua.

DR.. Loeb says: "This table shows
that the influence Of temperature on
the duration Of the life Of the fly is
the same as the influence Of tenn
perature on the velocity Of chem
ical reaction, inasmuch as a lower,
ing OF the temperature by ten de-
grees results in an increase in the
duration Of Ike by 200 or 300 Der
cent, and the same figure would be
obtained II we investigated the M
New-York tribune., 1920-04-18

PONCE DE LEON, instead Of pl1ngng into all the pools he
chGnced the hope Of ndin9 the Fountain of Youth
should hare consulted scientist
The Lambertville record. [volume] (Lambertville, N.J.) 1872-1968, 1920-04-09
Maybe a Water
Heater Would
Pay You

That combination water fountain
and heater is the most convenient and
profitable hog equipment ever
bought" The speaker was ]. L. Kra-
ming, one of the good hog raisers
in Miami County, Indiana. you re-
member that cold day we had in Janu-
airy two years ago? Those two oil
lamps kept the water so warm that
only thin coat of ice formed around
the edges. Most of the time one lamp
is all that is needed to keep the water
warm enough for the pigs to drink
comfortably"
Mr.. Kraning used to water his pigs
in trough during the cold winter
days. "An hour after I'd chopped the
ice. out of the trough and put fresh
water from the well in, it would be
frozen up, most likely" he went on.
I'll any of the pigs did not drink soon
after I'd put in the fresh water, they
usually had to wait another twelve
nousr before they could get drink.
That's bad business for a growing pig
lie needs plenty of warm water to
help digest his feed and keep his di-
gestive system flushed out properly.
With this water heater my pigs can
get drink any time they want it-a
drink that does not chill them and
make them hump up their backs like
my pigs did when they had to drink
ice-cold water from trough"
The heater and fountain that Mr.
Kraning uses is a combination affair
There are two oil lamps to warm the
water. Kerosene is used for fuel.
The heater is mounted on iron skids
and can be hauled around easily with
a horse.
1t is likely that your local hardware
dealer sells such heaters.-James R
in Farm and Fireside.
The Lambertville record. [volume] (Lambertville, N.J.) 1872-1968, 1920-04-09

miles long and as high as twelve per
cent grade"
Another haul was from Camirillo:
When beans were shipped from
Canirillo to Los Angeles by rail, it
was necessary to handle bags at least
three times in getting them to the con
signees' warehouse, and four times if
the warehouse was not on the railroad.
This required three days, although
Camirillo was but fifty miles distant
The truck goes into the field and pulls
out with a load Of ten to twelve toms
on truck trailer The load is trans
ported direct to the warehouse and
thus saves rehandling and delivers
beans to the consignee fifty miles from
Camirillo within five hours. To do
this it is necessary to negotiate the
famous Canojo Grade, and the truck
has taken this on second gear everv
trip in spite of the tremendous loads"
This is another excellent example
of the part motor trucks are playing
by relieving the railroads of the pn-
profitable short-haul work, so neces-
sary to get food products to the mar
ket.
The Lambertville record. [volume] (Lambertville, N.J.) 1872-1968, 1920-04-09

unused at something.
But Diana did not give up heart
She had made up her mind, and she
WIS a ha'd woman-her soul a blend
ing of diamond and fire-kissed steel.
"Pll get you!" and she thought of
a new and better way. She would
corner the Thing.
Again she advanced, slowly, eau
tiously, step by step, driving the
Thing before her across the width of
the room always keeping uppermost
in her mind the thought of Bunny
Whipple and his silly fool of golden
haired wife-the thought which was
paralyzing the Things faculty of
bloating and shrinking and flying.
The end came very suddenly.
Watching her chance. she had the
Thing cornered, straight up against
the inIaid Chinese screen. 1t tried to
shrink-to bloat-to fy-to get away.
But Diana had timed her action to
the click of a second She brought
the dagger down-with all her
strength-and the Thing crumpled, it
gave, it was not.
There was just a sharp pain, a
crimson smear, and a very soft voice
from a far, starry, velvety distance.
"You have killed me, Diaua,"
"Killed-whom? Who are you?"
"The evil in your soul, Diana, The
evil" then something which had
been CONCEALED seemed to turn fluid
and alive and golden; something rose
into a state that was too calm to be
ectacy.
The next morning, Bunny Whipple's
silly, blue-eyed, golden-haired wife
was sitting across from her husband
at breakfast
He was white and haggard and
shaky. She looked at him, pity in
her eyes.
Have you seen the morning paper,
Bunny?" she asked.
"Nol Don't want to- More scandal
about me, guess" he bit the words
off savagely.
"only-that-tha woman" she
faltered.
Diana Manning! Ali right! What
about herr"
She was found dead last night
by her maid She had stabbed herself
| through the heart with Circassian
dagger The papers say that a smile
was on her face-a happy, sweet smile
| as if" She picked up the Star and
read the reporters lyric outburst Out
| loud:
"As if death had brought her happi
ness and salvation and a deep. calm
glorious fulfilment.'
Bunny Whipple did not reply He
| stared into his coffee cup.
Very suddenly he looked up. His
wife had risen and walked around the
| table toward him.
| She put her slim, white hands on his
| shoulders.
There were tears in her eyes-tear!
and a trembling question.
He drew her to him, and kissed her
The Lambertville record. [volume] (Lambertville, N.J.) 1872-1968, 1920-04-09
How Udder Type
Affects Production

Why the Importance of the udder9
If you know dairy cattle, you know
that upon the size, shape, and general
characteristics of this organ and its
accessories depend pretty largely the
producing capacity of a COW.
Size is essential, yet often mislead-
ing. The dairyman must keep in mind
that large udder may be due to either
al extensive growth of secretive It's
sue or of connective material In the
latter case the abundance of connec-
tive tissue often misleads the mex
perienced buyer into purchasing what
he supposes, on account of the large
display of udder. to be high pro
Queer, but which may be really in