davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1920-04-15
Petroleum

The word Petroleum is derived from
two Latin words, pera, rock, and oleum, oil.
Petroleum was collected for use in the most
remote ages of which there is any record.
Herodotus, the father of history" and the
first of Greek historians, whose works have
come down to us, and who lived during a
considerable part of the fourth century, B.
c., describes the oil pits near Babylon in
Mesopotamia, and the pitch springs at Zante.
Pliny the Latin scientist, who lost his
life in the year 7o A. D., when Pompeii was
destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesu-
vius, mentions the use of petroleum in Scicly,
and Plutarch, the biographer of many of the
great men of ancient times, refers to petro-
leum found at Kerkul, near modern Mosul,
on the upper Tigris in Mesopotamia.
Petroleum or burning water, was
known to Japan in the seventh century. Mar
co Polo refers to the oil springs of Baku, on
the Caspian coast, towards the end of the
thirteenth century.
The earliest mention of American petro-
leum occurs in Sir Walter Raliegh's account
of the Trinidad pitch-lake in 1895, while
thirty-seven years later the account of visit
of Franciscan monk to the oil springs of
New York was published in Sagard's His
to;re du Canada.
The first distillation of petroleum is
said to have been that carried on at Alfreton
in Derbyshire, England, by James Young,
who patented his process in 1850.
In the United States the petroleum in
dustry began in 1859, although in the early
part of the century the petroleum of Lake
Seneca, N. Y, was used as liniment or
embrocation under the name of "Seneca Oil. !"
Oil was struck on famous Oil Greek, in
Pennsylvania, in August, 1859.
One of the richest oil-felds in the world
is that of which Baku is the centre. The
field lies on the western side of the Caspian
Sea-. Russia held the territory before the
war, but British troops seized Baku to pre-
vent the oil-wells falling into the hands of
the Germans, and later to shut out the Boil
shevists.
Mexico also possesses rich oil-felds from
which have been drawn large supplies of oil.
The prospects of the Canadian West as
great petroleum producing country are
bright. Geologists are of the opinion that
oil in great quantities is there. Some has
been found, in small deposits, and explora-
tion is being carried on.
When petroleum is distilled the most
volatile elements are first driven off in the
form of vapor, and of these the most impor-
tant is gasoline, for which there was com.
paratively little use before the invention o1
the automobile and aeroplane engine. To
day the demand for gasoline is enormous
The use of petroleum is also on the in.
crease, although cities and towns no longer
depend upon it for lighting. Oil-burnins
vessels are in use on which petroleum and not
coal is the fuel.-Montreal Star.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1920-04-15

Postal authorities at Dublin are censor
ing American newspapers.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1920-04-15

OSSIBLY you have been physically
handicapped by tuberculosis. Be-
cause it affects your earning capac-
ity, you are desirous of overcoming
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1920-04-15
HEALTH RULES FOR TUBERCULOUS
It's Mans Fight Two Years Necessary for New Star
Four for Cure.

BIZ Surg John w. Turner United States Public Health Service
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1920-04-15

IN IRELESS Telegraphy takes one
SHNN to the very limits of imagination
MH to picture the transformation of
.D everyday life that will follow
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13
LUKE M'LUKE SAYS

We can't see where a bald headed man has anything to worry about. Just think of the money he saves that he doesn't have to spend on dandruff cures. No matter how homely you are. you
 have the consolation of knowing that your Mother thought you were the pret-
 tiest baby in the world.
 Anyway. the man who sports Skye
 Terrier whiskers doesn't have to wear
 a catcher's mask to keep the girls from kissing him.
 If you have nineteen dimes and one penny in your pants pocket and you un-
 button your overcoat to pay your car fare on a cold day and run your hand into your pocket, why do you always fish out the penny? N A man doesn't mind paying $3o for silk shirt. But how he does holler over having to pay the War Tax! What has become of the o. f. man who used to go out and get Cold Bot tie and Hot Bird?
 Since Prohibition went into effect many a 250-pound wife wonders why her husband doesn't call her his little girl any more when he comes home late at night.
 One reason why there are so many Doctors is because when a man has no appetite he forces himself to eat just because it happens to be meal time. A pretty man can't understand how the ugly men manage to cop out such good-looking wives.
 Anyway. even if there is nothing to do but stay at home these nights, you have the consolation of knowing that
 you are not pissing much downtown.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13

OsWaid F. csaees.. in Leslie-a
 wv organized, the creating cove
 nant provided for an 'interna- tional labor office,' which should have as its particular assignment tho promo ton of the interests of the laboring man in all countries. The organization itself is chiefly socialistic- This organization would naturally lean toward friendlier intercourse with Russia, and there seemed no question that most of it's mem bers looked with sympathetir interest upon the progress of the Rus< m revolu- tionaries-
 But when tho international labor office turned to Russia to see in tho making this great drama of world economies. it's ex- perts found nothing but mysteries and question marks. Ant-socialist observers had told of Russian terror and destruc- ton, of the failure of the socialistic pro gramme, of the collapse of industry, .ne ruin of the nation. But the bolshevists declare these observers were paid hire Hng1 of capitalism
 The international labor office has sent a special mission .of inquiry into Russia These men are now studying at first hand tho evidence of progress or collapse of that great country. In the meantime there has already resulted from this un- dertaking of the international labor of- flee, a document that is the first real con- tribution to authentic history of what little is known about the secrets of Rus sia
 This is the official summary of all tho av ailable knowledge concerning Russia, compiled with painstaking care by the officials of the international labor office from every available source.
 Advance sheets of this interesting docu- ment have reached the United States. and they are fascinating pages of dying
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13
THE MADNESS OF MAN

Desdemona of sweet, fragrant memory Juliet, too. and Beatrice and Rosaiind, for though in them the tides of life ross mountain high and swamped the dykes yet wero theyaof such . genius of fins behavior as to be still of beauties all compact No, the rowdy young girl o present day portrayals. she who has ns mors eloquent rebuttal of her eldess thar to bid them shut up." she is stfn tho challenger of lovo. But why challenge ss whoopingly, why spoil the bread ana spill the wine-' There is but one answe1 because she. too, is the victim q . tima so palpably Tout of joint" Tho germ q world madness have settled upon her als> and bred in her 2 grotesqus travesty d youth.
 I cannot believe that the human rAcs deliberately chooses to be .fmmOrA and uncouta I do not even believe that 1t seea the good and yet does evil l can snls conclude that it may honestly echo the ironic apology of Hamlet: My vitl diseased"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13
\ LITTLE WHILE I TAM WOUL1
 LINGER YET

A LII Ah W nAAA@ . YAH WVOlIB
 LINGER YET By Paul Hamilton HaynA little while (my life is almost osk0 I fain would pause along tho AsWn.
 ward way Musing an hour in this sad sansst.
 ray. While; t.sr. sxes,. ct. 9s,. 9s. eye. vitA s'.As' little while fain would finger ys&, All for loves sake, for love that can.
 not tire; Though fervid youth be dead, witl
 youths desire, And hope has faded to vague regret, A little while fain would finger here, Behold! who knows what strange
 mysterious bars 'Twixt souls that love, may rise in
 other stars? Nor can love deem the face of love is
 fair: A little while fain would finger hera A little while I yearn to hold thee fast. Hand locked in hand, the loyal heart
 to heart Opitying Christ! those woeful words;
 "We partr' So ere the darkness fan, the light be
 past A little while fain would hold the. A little while, when night and twilight
 meet: Behind, our broken years. before tho
 deep
 Weird wonder of the last unfath-
 omed sleep. A little while still would clasp thee.
 Sweet; A little while. when night and twilight
 meet. little while fain would finger here: henoid' who knows what soul-divid-
 ing bars Earth's faithful loves may part in
 other stars? Nor can love deem the face of death is fair; A little while still would linrsr hsrs.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13
Second Amendment

"One fact in connection with the second amendment to the state consti- tuition known as the river amendm ent. which some do not yet realize is that practically every citizen will rec ,ive the benefit of the twenty per cent re- duction in freight rates" said R. I. In- gals.
 While the government in granting Birmingham tho benefit of this re- duction for the combined rail and wa ter rate included only a little more than half the state, still great quanti- ties of goods which come through Bir- mingham by tho river will be passed on to purchasers in tho part of the state not affected directly by the lower rate and the sellers will give the ruy- CTS the benefit of the savings they have made. And when it is considered that no people in Alabama outside of Jefferson county can possibly be called on to pay anything should this county vote to lend its credit to the needed river development 1t seems to me that with tho proper campaign we should be able to carry tho second >amendment almost without opposition. The name second amendment has been adopted for the county river measure because of the fact that 1t appears second on the ticket which will contain three amendments"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13

nations history. Whole centuries of eco homie evolution-or decay-have taken place in that war-torn land in three short summers and three terribly long. bitter winters. Never before in the history oi the world has there been such a drama. The French revolution with it's upheavals it's terrors, was but a tiny playlet be- side the great epic of Russia's tragic pc riod. For decades, our own socialists have been able to paint glowing pictures os istic Utopia. They have never had ts face the actual facts. In Russia, eocaaL ism became . fact-and failure.
 Theoretic socialism seemed 50 aasy. Sd simple. Abolish private ownership oi wealth and the workers of the world. nc longer required to support their employ CTS as well as themselves. could pro duce in a four-hour day all they could possibly use for their own comfort. Givs the factory to the worker, and how simple would be the process of raising the stand ard of tho tiilers life and lowering his
 
 Today tho toilers who dreamt of . four hour day. in gay, autonomous. self. directed, self-picked work, have awakened to find themselves on twelve-hour day, with pistol pointed at their heads by the military power of the bolshevist state which has set up the brutal, debasine doctrine> Human labor is the property of the state.' Is that the liberty fos which the Russia proletariat prayed in the dark days of serfdom under the Czars?
 Yet this interesting study" filed al it is with gaps and questions to be an. swered by the mission for which it wal prepared, leaves no doubt about the sad state of present-day Russia, or the com plete collapse of the socialistic doctrine as applied by the red terror.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13

farmer can reduce the cost of living by living on what he has raised. Un- less he raises his food stuffs he has not the right to call himself a farmer. The city man must pay the cash mar ket price for everything he eats, everything he puts on his back, every thing that enters into his comfort, even to the water that he drinks.
 No nation was ever known to reg ister a backset in a year of generous yield by nature unless sudden and great calamity prevented the trans portation and use of the soils prod ucts.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13
BoRAH,s NEW GRIEVANCE

From the New York World.
 Senator Borah has managed to find a new grievance against the League of
 Nations. In his speech at New Haven he gave voice to this impressive and impassioned complaint:
 Nowhere in the League covenant do the people as people receive any voice in shaping the policies or controlling the council of the League. There is
 nothing of democracy in tho League. The masses of the people cannot select. elect or recall their representatives in the League council.' The gentleman from Idaho evidently thinks that the President of the United States, who would appoint the Ameri-
 can member of the council, and the sen ttors who would confirm him, are not elected by the people. Similarly, he is sure that the prime minister of Great
 Britain. who is a member of the House the House of Commons, is not elected;
 nor is the House of Commons elected. The same rule applies to all the other governments. Presumably they are all selected by the international bankers" :"
 There isjno democracy in the league be-
 cause the League council is made up of members appointed by governmnets di- rectly responsible to the people, and MT.
 Borah refuses to regard that as democ- racy.
 | Plainly the covenant is . failure ture. should have no representatives in the League. but whenever anything happens. the League should take a straw vote.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13
NO GUTTER


 That's the third engagement ring young Jobbies has bought, from us in the past three months" remarked the jewellers assistant.
 Well" said the head of the firm that young man may be a poor judge of women. but admire his pluck"
 THE LUCK OF A STROLLER I1s sweet to roam the autumn woods, Traversing dale and hill. Who knows? Perchance. as we advance ven stumble on still"
 THE PRIDE OF AUTHORSHIP Pa" said little Thomas Twobble what is theorist?"
 "A theorist my son." replied Mir Twooble, is a person who indulges his ardor for composition by drawing up set of resolutions and reading them ta everybody who will listen"
 A NOVICE
 Stupid girl! She doesn't know the first principles of running church ba- zar."
 Whats the troubler
 "A man handed her ss bin to pay for a twenty five cent box of candy and I'm blest if she didn't giv. him his changer PAUL COOK.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13
Birmingham Within Ten-Mile Limit

,A7 OW that the census enumeration IN of towns, counties and states has been about completed, the public will
 begin to look with interest to the
 tabulation of cities of 100000 and over
 in the ten-mile limit class.
 Ten years ago Birmingham, includ- ing the city within the boundary lines
 and the population within a radius of ten miles, gave us a total of 12,OOO
 against 2os,O0O for Atlanta. While the growth of Jefferson
 county has been less than it was in the
 decade from 1900 to 1910, it has nev-
 ertheless been large. And the trend city-ward has been notable. Jefferson county's population is 309, ,513, an increase of 36.7 per cent, Birmingham's population is 17S,27o. The ten-mile limit will include Tar
 rant City, Inglenook, Fairfield, Cleve-
 land, Sandusky, Brighton, Lipscomb, Woodward and Bessemer.
 It is safe to assume that the con- solidated population will reach a total
 of between 235,Oo0 and 24o,ooo. It is within the range of possibili- ties that most, if not all, the outlying incorporated places will be annexed
 to Birmingham by 1880. Some distinguished liar,- says Jose
 pkus Daniels. has stated that have
 made speeches without mentioning the
 name of Governor Cox" Of course
 that isn't true. Otherwise Josephus
 would not leave the navy to shift for Ii itself while he is out campaigning. * * *
 Serum may take the place of tho surgeons knife in appendicitis cases.
 That would prevent a doctor from cut ting han open in quest of diseased appendix and getting brand new car
 out of him
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13
To Boost BirminsAam

Every membef-of the local Civitan Club has pledged himself to mail a pa per to some frisnd or acquaintance in another city Thursday to advertise Bir- mingham. and the international balloon races" said Dr. c. W. Shropshire, in- ternational president of the Civitan Club. "These papers will go to all sec tions of the country and will do a great deal toward boosting Birmingham. It would be a very geod thing if many of the papers were mailed to-people who know very little of Birmingham, for then they would prove more efficient advertisement.
 Birmingham people should concen- trate on mailing out just as many of the papers as they can; try to make the mails carry 5o.o0 of them out of town and to the farthest ends of the United States.-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13

Alice Brown, in the North American
 Review.
 :sss"' s.' Y: sss in the s s:s: :
 of the new earth at ease under a heaven friendly because it was unob-
 scured, when we should have cleaned out
 tho Augean stables filthy from the awak-
 ening of Barbarossa's horsemen! In that
 moment of anguish we were, for hearts
 beat of terrified recognition, actually on the way back to old allegiances The bravest rushed to cover in poetry and
 the thought of God. We believed with
 an eager credulity that mankind had at last learned that final lesson. The old injustices were dead. Tho phrase was current everywhere. that those whe had bought us that bright guerdon must not die in vain" Our girls, in uniformed daring deeds with a sober efficiency. We said that woman, too, was set Tree rom the tolls of custom. She need no more assert her equality with man in the stern CT virtues, for she had accepted the su- preme challenge and endured the ordeal.
 zorian queens. What did she do. poor
 prisoner to her own abrogatod instincts when the armistice. which was no peAce
 but a complexity of strife stripped her or emergency clothes and her emergency frame of mind? She who had won free~ | vSnngr1aQ Sto0Q00 into a skirt no wider than -her orotner trouser leg and went hobbling along III
 it down the tittering aisles of time- ono
 mounted on the fools dais of highest heels to peg about the more uncertamiy' she nainted over the bloom of her beauts
 with the cosmetics predicted by MrA
 Tanqueray for the raddled race or the
 nassee demi-monde. and went fortn In
 abbreviated chiffon to dance, cheek to check { dances as ugly as provocative
 She ia the astounding enlivener of late hest-.eller that is said. in an authorita-
 tiv. quarter. to embody the glorious
 sririt of abounding youth" and if the
 portrait of her as therein set forth is no
 libel, but true copy. she is the pitiable victim of precocious sex recognitions. One of the pseudo-intellectual bromides
 of the present confusion of mental values is ..class consciousness" She is the bi-
 zarre embodiment of an undigested sex consciousness. She is the wantoning re- g ction against what this tell-tale novel of "abounding youth calls the "hypo- critical era" Was the era>of restrained discussion and modesty of mien and dress entirely hypocritical? Is mere decency of demeanor hypocrisy? Decency. one is in clined to- say. is like clean shirt. You may be very dirty under it. but you'd bet ter have the shirt. Now. I do not be- heve that girlhood in her present phase of moral and physical high kicking is Of necessity more attractive to the young manhood with any sort of tradition be- hind it than if she did not unveil her beauties to sun, moon and planets seven. Difference, not mimicry.' was ever the more piquing. And she still loves, with
 all the fierceness nature planted in her,
 to attract her mate She has not changed In that The old-time impulse of surgins
 blood and waking hexft Is in her as it vas in thoss other maids. Perdita and
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13
Mail . Paper D.y-

Mail a paper day for Birming- ham should be made an annual insti- tuition for the advertisement of the town" said H. Scudder RyalL Tt is one of the most efficient advertising schemes that have ever heard of and will believe make Birmingham more generally known over the country than any other plan which we could adopt If every man and woman in Birmng- ham mailed out a local paper to some acquaintance in another city once a year. we would soon have lots of peo- pie coming here from curiosity to see the town that could have such faithful boosters. Enthusiasm is contagious. being enthusiastic for Birmingham will make other people stop and think what good old town it is after all"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13
Progress of Movement for Ministry of Fine Arts

E1HE Musical Alliance of America, l which has been working earn
 estly under the auspices of John c. Freund for the establishment of a ministry of fine arts, to include na- tional conservatory of music and the
 bureau of education, is meeting with much encouragement. A bill providing for great con- servatory with regional branches, has
 been pending in Congress for several years, but nothing has come of it.
 It is now the purpose of the alliance to concentrate it's energies on a new
 cabinet department, with a secretary
 of fine arts and music in charge, France and other European nations where the fine arts are encouraged,
 have such ministries. 
 Even before our women became vot- CTS there was a strong drift in the direction referred to. Now that the
 women have taken firm hold of the project success seems assured at no
 distant date.
 It is reasonable to think that in the next administration a woman will
 have seat in the cabinet. Let Con- gress create department of fine arts
 and nothing would be more fitting than that the portfolio bA rendered to a woman.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-13
Securing Sub-treasury
 Is Important Event

m BOOMING subtreasury, or, to ID be more exact, exercising the functions of a subtreasury (which is the same thing under another narne) would have thrilled Birmingham ten years ago. Now we take such things as matter of course.
 But it is just as big thing snow as it would have been then. Our federal reserve bank, in taking over the functions of a subtreasury, will serve this territory in the self-same manner and as efficiently as the New York subtreasury has served the money center of the country.
 Making of the federal reserve bank in effect subtreasury means that much more money at hand for trans acting the business of the district and surrounding territory. It means that much more ready access to money when it is needed. It will be a pulling power in the attraction to Birming- ham of other financial institutions which are looking this way.