davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
Wages Highest Known

At no time have the wage rates Of rarm labor been as high In this country as they were in 1919, certainly as far back as 1866. when the first investigation of this subject was made ty the bureau Of crop estimates. Averages for the United States are in mind. and not local rates. For la hor hired by the month with board the average rate was s39 S2, and among the geographic divisions the average was as low as 80 54 in the south Atlantic and as high as s62 .96 in the western, including the mountain and Pacific states Without board the average for the United States was s5s2s, and the lowest was $44.o3 in the south Atlantic states and the highest. ss7 12. in the western. Extras, such as firewood milk, etc. are not included
 Harvest wages per day, with board. reached the top figuresof s4 AS in the north central states west of the Mississippi, river and the lowest figure of S2.S in the south Atlantic, and the United States av- craze was sS.15 Without board the limited states average of S3.s3 was most exceeded by B s in the former states. while the latter states had the lo~est average, E .s2-
 Statesments in similar form for day wages for work outside of harvest with board make the United tSates average s2 45, that of the north central states west of the Mississippi river $ ? and of tho south Atlantic states s1-S5; the r1tes without board, in the same order. were sS 12, $4oS and s2.3
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
The Farmer and the
 High Cost of Living

The farmer is the worlds greatest bUyerl
 The farm is the bread basket of tn. world!
 The farmer needs the support of every thinking person right nowl
 Agriculture was the worlds first occu- patton. And it will survive and be the last in case others cease.
 The world must be fed.
 Agriculture is the only free trade on earthl
 Investigation during the war. when we were told that we had to curb our appe- tites showed that the reason for high price of food was naturally its scarcity. It showed alarming acreage that had been l deserted.
 One great reason, besides the high ccs. Of labor, was the general exodus of rhe rural population to larger centers. Teacii4 CTS, preachers, lecturers and journalists pointed out to the youth of the farm the possibilities of the city, so that thev | might become powerful and influential in the eyes of the world. Cartoonists added tuel by depicting the farmers as a "ruber or %hayseed" ignorant. easy and
  day when he could go to a big city. i This made the supply of food less and the price higher. 1 Tn passing let us say that it is the city man who shows his ignorance when he visits the farm | The man hardest to wake usually is most active when he once gets his feet Under him. And the farmer is gradually. but quickly, becoming aroused. A s-.- for it is business, if not a science that is not organized. The day is surely coming when this cannot be said. rne i Dakota development proves this
 Before the farmers of the United States can produce two to four times more per. acre than they do now, as some Euro | pean countries had to dc to keep alive, they must be assured of at least as de- cent an income as the city men are 1 getting today, or they will have to let the cities feel the pinch of hunger. 1 The farmer will be the last to suffer for want of food. | The past two months decline of food- stuffs is absolutely unfair to the farmer. We think it has declined fully 90 per cers, ! while organized labor has shown ad- vanced salary increases. l The farmer is today a disappointed man-and rghtfully so. The fact that he | is not organized prevents us all from l feeling this. An empty stomach brings any person to his sensesi 1 Not alone must he have good roads, l the chance for study at agricultural col 1 leges, liberal education on the practical treatment of farms so that farming may 1 ba made paying profession, but he 1 should have greater representation in our legislatures.
 Above all, we must give the farmer the chance of marketing his goods at q profit as all businesses that sell to him expect to make a profit.
 1 Let us aid him by making a true vision possible.
 i If we fail to do this. farming must nat urally decline, ard the country suffer- From an editorial issued by the Atlas l Oil Company Cleveland, O.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
By MRS. JOHN C. MOSES Nississippi City. Miss.

Success or failure in using an incubator depends in ninety-nine eases out of a hun dred on the attention given to it's opera tion. The ordinary incubator is easy to operate, but for good results regular and painstaking care must be given 10 it from the time the machine is started until the last hatch is out and in the brooder.
 Incubators have been and can be oper- ated in great variety of places with success, but when only few small ma chimes are used they are generally run in a room or in the cellar of the house. A special cellar or incubator. house should be provided if the incubator equipment
 is extensive or mammoth machines are used. The main essentials are to pro- vide for good ventilation and against great variations in temperature.
 The incubator should be set up accord
 ing to the manufacturers directions, with care that the machine is perfectly level Is a spirit level is not available, a long, shallow pan of water set on top of the machine will serve it's purpose. Be sure that all parts Of the incubator are in their proper positions and that the reg uiator works freely. If the door of the incubator sticks do not plane it until the machine has been heated and thoroug asy dried
 The machine should be run at about ts2 degrees G. for 24 hours before the eggs are put in. It takes several hours for the machine to come back to it's correct temperature after the eggs are first put in; therefore. the regulator should not be touched in that time. It is best to see to the regulation of the temperature before opening the door to attend to the eggs. but do not change the regulator any more than is absolutely necessary. The eggs tend to throw off more heat as the embryo develops, so that it may be necessary occasionally to change the reg uator slightly during the latter days of incubation The manufacturers dIrec- tions regarding temperature should be followed unless considerable experience indicates they can be improved.
 I will gladly answer any question as to incubators and breeders, the best makes and sizes to start with. or any other in- formation my readers may wish. have tried the game from every angle and like it more and more each year. 1 now have 800 White Leghorn eggs in my machine, and hope to have several hundred more laying bullets this time next year, as eggs sell down here every winter at sl dozen and broilers and flyers are now bringing about $t a pound. This section of coast country Gulfport and vicinity now offers the best ground-floor chance for poultry trucking and citrus fruit ot any place I know Land values are ad- vancing each year and newcomers arc arriving from all sections of the country.
 After your machine has gotten under way turn and cool the eggs according to the directions furnished with the incu- bator. The eggs are usually turned for the first time at the end of the second dav of incubation and twice a day nineteenth day or until the chicks commence to pip. After turning the eggs, reverse the egg travs end for end. and from one side of the machine to the other in two
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
Homemade Equipment

seed tests sufficiently accurate 10 an- sWer all practical purposes can be made oy beginner with very little practice. The younger members of the home circle should find such work not only compara- lively easy but very interesting Testing of locally grown seed is aided by the possession of a correctly named set of the seeds of crops and of seeds prevauing in the vicinity.
 Only such apparatus is needed in making practical seed tests as enables one to use a weighed quantity of seed from the sam pie, to separate the pure seed from the foreign sedes and other impurities, to distinguish the character of the foreign seeds and to make the gern1inaton test.
 Only by using a weighed quantity of sed can one determine the relative quan- titles of pure and of impure seeds in the sample. This requires a balanc suffi- ciently sensitive to be moved by a small weight, such as that of a few clover seed. But a balance of this kind designed to rest on the edge of knife blade, can be made from two lead pencils, two card borad disks, two pices of wire, some rub- Der bands, alarming needle a common brass pin. and two bits of board The only equipment needed consists of a few BE shot, flattened, to, be used as weights. With this balance, if the pure seed from a sample balances ten shots and the im- purities balance one shot, the sample fs shown to be 90 per cent pure. Some shots may be cut into halves, quarters, eigh.s and sixteenths for fractional weights.
 Such other apparatus as is desirable can be made or bought at small cost A pair of forceps for picking up the shots and for separating seeds can be made of two thin strips of hickory. or a piece Of spring wife bent into U-shape and having the points flattened. A magnifying glass is needed, but the common reading glass to he found in many homes or that car be bought at cost of S1 or g serves the purpose well. Seed can be best exam ined over white paper and, to prevent loss of seed, paper tray is desirable.
 There are many simple devices for mak- ing germnation tests. For forage crops and cereal seeds, one of the best consists of two dinner plates anc two pieces oe blctting paper or cloth One of the blot ters is placed on a plate and the seed scattered over it. Then it is covered with the other blotter and the other plate in- verted over the whole. There are Several equally simple methods of testing seed corn.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
MOUNTING VALUE OFPRODUCTS

production in quantity and export diff culties, is next, although far below corn,
 in value. with s1.969, 100000 for lint and
 many years ago cotton had third or fourth place in order of value. but it's re-
 gently acquired second place seems to be permanent.
 Except among those who are familiar
 with the great facts of agriculture, the 1 hay crop is hardly thought of as worthy
 Of any particular attention. yet this crqo
 has been second to fourth in value for
 many years. Third in order in 1919, the l 109 000, 900 tons of this crop had farm
 value of 2,12s. .OOoooo, and if to this is
 added the value of the pasturage the total may be much as three to three and a
 half billion dollars, high enough to be ! in company with corn
 Wheat. according to the estimate had an average farm price of Il cents per
 bushel in 1919 above the price of 1s1s or s2. .15 per bushel. With value of s2.024.- 0oo,ooo, it is as low as the fourth crop in order notwithstanding it's spectacular pro- portions of 941, 900 900 bushels.
 1 All cereals combined the grand total
 value is N,474ooo,ooo, or more than the am
 nual val.A of all farm crops. before 1916. The vegetable total, including potatoes
 and sweet potatoes. is s1.47s Oo0. 600: the
 fruit total. s7So, oooooO; the seeds total tto follow the census grouping), $26i 900, GOO,
 including beans and peanuts; the sugar. pr oducing crops, s147,0 900
 1 In the total farm value of animal prod ucts. ss, s957,O0o, the chief group of items l is the value of animals sold and slaugh- tered. which is placed al S4, ,634. .000, GOO Next below this group is that of dairy prod
 ucts whose value of g. .7S9. .00o,0o0 is reck-
 oned at the farm and in the form in which 1 they left the farm. Poultry products follow with s1,359 0oo. GOO. and wool with | slttn GOO GOO
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05

be done for immediate service. This pre-
 serves not only the meat, but the home cooked flavor as well.
 1 Select the meat intended for roasting, slice that wanted for steak, and that which is not suitable for either roast er steak can be utilized for goulash isr stew, or can be shopped into sausage meat, formed into little cakes, fried and canned | ir that form. The meat left clinging to
 the bones may be utilized when the bones are boiled for soup stock. It is well to cut the bones at several places for this purpose.
 For the roast beef, select the piece of meat wanted, trim and wipe II witn a damp cloth. heat some grease in roast ing pan, put in the meat and scar quick ly, y,-turning it so the sides are scared. As soon as well scared, sprinkle with salt | and pepper to taste, add some water to the grease in the roasting pan, haste fre- quently and roast until nicely brown Cook until the meat is done It should not be red in center, but it need not be
 entirely tender. Slice the meat and pack ! in the cans to within one-half inch of ! the top. add the gravy from the roasting pan with boiling water until it partially cevors the meat. Leave at least one | fourth inch space between the liquid and | the top of the can. Partially seal glass l jars, seal tin cans, and process in steam pressure cooker'one hour at fifteen pounds pressure.
 | To can beefsteak scar quickly the sliced steak on both sides. When it is nicely 1 Drowned pack it in the cans fill the Jars | to within one-half inch of the top with
 hot gravy made from the pan grease, with hot water added Process in the
 steam pressure cooker one hour at fif- teen pounds pressure. Seal the glass jars immediately on removal from the cooker. Pork is canned in the same way as beef. Suitable sized pieces are baked or fried, packed in jars with meat stock or boil ing water to within one-quarter inch of the top, and the jar is processe0 one hour
 at fifteen pounds pressure in a pressure cooker. Spareribs sawed and cut into suitable pieces, fried or DaHec until slightly done, are excellent if canned, as is sausage shaped into cakes, fried, packed and covered with a liquid made of part fat and part water.
 The time tables given in the foregoing
 directions are for one-quart jars. The
 time required for processing pint jars is
 ten minutes less and for two-quart jars
 fifteen minutes more than the time given for quart jars.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
TUSCALOOSA FARMERS MEET

where there is something to eat, they will harvest it for themselves: if they are placed in a field where there is noth- ing to eat they will get out and go find something.
 As evidence of these facts, Hamp- shire hogs hold the worlds record on car lot exhibits for growth, selling price and perfect health.
 "The Hampshire satisfied the packer in the first phase, because he satisfies the consumer The highest price cuts of pork today are the lon, the ham and the portion of the belly and side that can be used for breakfast bacon The loin must be of medium size and not too fat, the ham not too large, of good quail ity and firm. and the belly must have a streak of fat and a streak of lean.
 "The Hampshires are unsurpassed in their ability to furnish these prime cuts, and they hold the worlds record on car lot exhibits for net killing percentage
 The Hampshire satisfies the consumer, because he likes a delicate pork chop, a medium size mellow ham and the tender sugar-cured bacon, with streak of fat and streak of lean.
 'I have given you the reasons why this wonderful breed of hogs has made so much progress, first, without telling you what this progress has been You no doubt wonder if what I have told you is so, why everybody is not growing HanH- shires.
 "In 1914 there were only 12 registered Hampshire herds in the United States, and on December 1, 19l9 there were 4o.012 registered herds.
 This breed is backed by a record as sociation that paid s1l,100 in cash prem
 iums to fair exhibits in 1919, and in the same year printed 10 ,0O pedigrees in herd ! book form and returned them to it's mem
 bers
 ''E. c. Stone, secretary of this asso-
 citation. has placed me at your disposal.
 to assist you in successfully producing
 the right kind and selling them to advan-
 tage. and I want to tell you that if you
 will produce the right kind and grow
 them out properly there is an unlimited l demand"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05

Great enthusiasm was shown at the regular meeting of the Tuscaloosa Farm CTS Association. Orders for over 5000 brings the fertilizer business for the spring up to $500o, and shows a saving of E to s6 per ton to the farmers.
 The speakers were men of experience, by the 15o farmers present.
 H. B. Rails, Jr.. of the Hampshire Asso- citation, said in part:
 T was raised in the south, and have been engaged in the production of cattle and hogs under southern condition for the past seven years
 During this time I have made care full comparative study of the condihogs under which farmers of other sections produce pork. and of the conditions un- of the south to produce pork.
 q am absolutely certain that we can produce hogs in the south and sell them for what it costs farmers of other sections to produce them if we will use good hogs, take advantage of our wonder climate and splendid variety of forage crops.
 "All of the improved breeds of swine have done we'll in the south. but I stand before you today as the southern ref9e- sentative of the American Hampshire Swine Record Association. for no other reason than I am firmly convinced that the Hampshire hog is the best hog for the southern farmer to buy.
 "The Hampshire hog is a real farmer s hog, because they satisfy the producer, the packer and the consumer.
 1.-The producer is satisfied because the Hampshire sows produce uniformly large litters they are careful mothers and good suckers, consequently they raise large filters. They are hardy and good rustlers and make most economical gains. If these hogs are placed in field
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
A Few Farm Notes

Butter made in factories generally is more uniform in quality and is manufac- tured more cheaply, pound for pound. than farm-made butter
 Fall-born calves should be weaned after they have been placed on pasture in the spring. and then gradually increasing allowance of grain should be given them. with hay and silage added later in the sumner. For baby beet thoy should go into dry lot for finishing at the end of the pasture season. and be ready to mar ket in December or January
 Under ordinary circumstances from about one-half to one ton of ice per COW is needed annually for cooling cream aNAl from one and ore-half to two tons for cooling milk on a dairy farm.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
New Turpentine Project

The forest service of the United States department of agriculture has recently issued permit to a Portland. Oreg., tur- pPrtine company to extract pitch from Ise acres of Douglas fir on the Umpqua National Forest. This company is pio- nering in a new industry, which, if suc- cessfui, will increase the value of Doug las fir, and also materially add to the ccuntry's waning supply of turpentine. sThe plan is to bore into old and pitchy Douglas frs for the rosin stored in she cracks and seams of trees that have been wrenched by the wind. The product titus secured will be manufactured into turpentine and rosin. This permit is the first of the kind granted to naval Stcres operator.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
Peacocks In Campaign

The first peafowls have been entered in the Better Sires-Better Stock" cru sade of the agricultural colleges, the United States department of agriculture and cooperating agencies. The entry comes from Butte county, South Dakota, and the owner is J. l.. Jones. He is using pure-bred sires in breeding horses, cattle, swine and poultry Among his poultry he records a peacock and two peahens; also liberal number of turkeys. geese and ducks. The campaign already is giving valuable facts and figures regarding the classes of live stock most commonly kept together on farms
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
Here's a Pumpkin Pie

Pumpkins and squash are in season This pumpkin pie is up-to-date at this time of sugar scarcity because it uses no sugar.
 Pumpkin Pie-Two cups pie squash or pumpkin (stewed or strained), F cup mo- lasses, 1 teaspoon cinnamon, teaspoon ginger, E teaspoon salt, eggs. cups rich milk. Mix the pumpkin, molasses. cinnamon. ginger and salt. Beat the eggs slightly and ad them and the milk to the mix ture Bake the mixture in one crust until it is firm
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
Poultry Notes


 A reasonable supply of freshf green feed is almost as necessary as grain for chicks if they are to develop prop erly. If allowed liberty they will ob- tain much of it for themselves. but if kept in confinement or in quarters where green feed is not abundant. it should be supplied them regularly. Lawn grass, beet tops, cabbage. and lettuce make excellent feeds. When chicks are confined to brood GOODS with runs. they should be placed on ground where the grass is green and tender, and as fast as 1t is eaten off the coop and run should be moved to a place where the grass is plentiful.
 The prime essentials for a small poll try house are fresh air, dryness, sun light and space enough to keep the birds comfortable The fowls should also have as much outside space as pos sible to run in
 Let the bullets. become accustomed to open-front, fresh-air houses early in the fall Such practice means healthier birds and more eggs when cold weather arrives.
 Very few poultry raisers practice a systematic plan of disposing of their fowls after they have ceased to be pro- ductive. Don't waste feed on nonpro- ductive hens.
 Fowls of the heavier breeds cease to produce profitable number of eggs at the end of their second laying year. This holds true with the lighter breeds at the end of their third laying year.
 Provide box partly filled with road dust or wood ashes, so as to give the hens an opportunity to take a dust path- It gives them needed exercise and keeps them free from lice and mites.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
Complications

From Film Fun
 Friend-I hear your company IS So- ing to move from Los Angeles.
 Director-Yes. on account or the thousands of movie actors in the city. Whenever I'm taking an outdoor scene, they unconsciouslv walk in front of the camera.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05

stBefore the war it was said that there were in London e0o.0oo persons living more than two in room, and 26,0o0 in stances of six or more in a room. These figures have been increased lately.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05

Only about one-third of the num- ber of people employed before the war are now at work in the French textile
 mills.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
For Sick Chickens

Rfsvsnsve end curative osecds. rcup. esnksr eveiisd era is.si troaSls etc hIs A Morley oi Gslen hieh m Hsvs used CsnAozons 1T yrs for chickens and cau1 ~ esf sonS without it, Geo F. Waterman koeidale n Y. ssys Have used Gerno.ons II yesrs the best pr
 ovnI tcablss ever bund." Frsnk Sluka. Chicseo. Ill., Writss Ihsve ost pigeon and no cheksns h hs ys ! hsss hssn ssns Csrmo.one: C. O. Peusis hoins in' n KhksviIs No. ssys: Cured puaisst ehiets this esin1 Ralph wprs Erie. Pa. ssys: Not case civhts &enhnaa in yfsl raise over thousano yeo. Sood aAn lR rsbbita. birdA pet sock
 cZRNozoM is sod generally et trss and ssed storss Dat Fisk substitute We nsh nom Omaha postpaid iA ns1 S6a 5se and Si.so sixea Poultry books ksA. LEO. Fl. LEE CO, Dept. N-1s, Omaha, Neb