davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican., 1920-05-29
PAIR EXONERATED BY PHOENIX JURY
 CONFESS ROBBERY

TUCSON, May 28-Frank Camp bell and Frank Hendricks pleaded guilty to stealing from the post office at Tolleson, in the United States court here today. They were sentenced to five months in the Yavapai county jail. The jury was dAawn for the trial and attorneys were ready today to proceed with the trial tomorrow, when the de- fendants changed their minds and entered the guilty plea to the second count of the indictment. The first count, charging them with break ing into the postoffice. was dis missed.
Arizona republican., 1920-05-29
SWIMMERS DROWN

SIOUX FALLS, $. D., May 2S.-Th Sioux river claimed it's first victim of the swimming season late this after noon when two boys, Harold Carey, 1- and Eugene Dunn 13. both of this city were drowned. The boys. in c0mpau with Herman 'Ostlund. 13. had gone ! swimming and Carey. it is believed was seized with cramps Young Duur who was nearest, went to his reScu and was dragged under by tho h5ln'es boy Ostlund was unable Go save cil1a of them. Both bodies were recovered
Arizona republican., 1920-05-29
Crew Bolts When Officer Attempts
 To Take Whisky

MONTEVIDO, May 27.-An attempt to enforce the United States prohibi- tion regulations on the North American passenger steamer, Martha, Washing ton. led to disorder here today on that vessel when one of the ships officers endeavored to take from a coal passer a bottle of whisky alleged to have been in the mans possession.
 More than a score of the crew took up the side of their fellow worker and q melee followed, in which the port authorities were forced to intervene. Thirty members of the crew were landed before order was restored. The United States consul has taken up the incident.
 The Martha Washington is bound for New York from Buenos Aires.
Arizona republican., 1920-05-29
WOULD ACCEPT OFFICE

LOS ANGELES. May l6-WIlIIam s. Hart, motion picture actor, when in formed today that he had been nomf- mated on the democratic ticket in Hood River county. Oregon, for sheriff, said constituents in that county would al low him to reside in Los Angeles and look after his duties by periodical visits. Hart's name was written in on the ballots in the primary by five democrats. No other democrat was voted on for sheriff
Arizona republican., 1920-05-29
HARMON TO ENTER
 DEMOCRATIC RACE
 FOR GOVERNORSHIP

ALPINE, Tex, May 28-Lon Har- mon, Phoenix cattleman and former chairman of the Arizona sanitary livestock commission, announced here today he would return to Phoe- nix within two weeks and become a candidate for the democratic nom ination for governor, subject to the action of the state primary to be held in September.
Arizona republican., 1920-05-29
apoue0 ANp WIFE AT HoLRRooK

ftOIBtOOk, AriZ.. May 2S-DCuGlas Fairbanks and wife arrived here to- night from the Navajo reservation. where they have been spending sew eraI days. At the reservation they showed the Indians the first motion picture they ever saw and in turn were presented with a number of beautifui blankets by the Navajos as a wedding gift. and were made members of the Hopi tribe with impressive ceremonies on top of the mesa.
Arizona republican., 1920-05-29
BLOCK COLLECTIVE
 RARGANING RII

WASHINGTON May 2S-Opponents of the bill permitting farmers, planters, ranch men, dairy men and fruit grow CTS to combine for collective bargain
 ing and sale of their products. blocked passage of the measure tonight by the house but supporters announced they would force the legislation through the house before the convention recess.
Arizona republican., 1920-05-29
64O Cases Of Champagne On
 W0y to "ChG''
Republican A. p. Leased WireJ

IRepubIIcan A. p. Leased WIreJ
 ALBUQUERQUE N. M., May 2s An express car consigned to a Chicago hotel and containing $40 eases of champagne, pa ss d through here last night.
 According to the label pasted on each case, the champagne was for "sacramentap purposes and local officials allowed the shipment to go forward. The department of justice at Chicago, however, was notified of the shipment, which Is due there tomorrow.
Arizona republican., 1920-05-29
SAYS PLANS NOT DEFINITE

PARIS- May 2s-Premier Millerand in answer to interpellatons in the chamber of deputies today on the San Reno and Hythe conference. declared that no definite enga gements had been entered into by the allies. the meet ings being only preliminary conversa- tions.
Arizona republican., 1920-05-29
ME XICAN PROBE REPORT READY,
 LODGE |S TOLD
IRepublican A. p. Leased wIre1

WASHINGTON, May 2S.-The sen ate sub committee, which has been ir- Vestigating conditions in Mexico for six months, today notified Chairman Lodge of the foreign relations committee, that It vas ready to report.
 Virtually all the testimony taken by the subcommittee dealt with condi- tons prior to the overthrow of the Carranza government, but i. Is known the committee regards the new govern ment in Mexico in such light as not to alter materially the character of its findings It is understood the sub- committee, among other recommenda- tions, will urge extreme caution in ac- cording full diplomatic recognition to the revolutionary government and will insist upon a thorough understanding by the two governments of the obliga- tions Mexico must assume if either the moral or the material support of the United States is to be given.
 Dispatches received today said Villa again was being hunted by the Mex ican. troops. Revolutionary agents who have come to Washington, have assert ed the pursuit this time will be much more earnestly conducted than under the Carranza regime.
 Reports to the state department in- dicated that Villa was resorting to his old tactics of financing his forces by levies on American properties, the latest being that of demand for $50, 900 on the Alvarado Mining company at Parral. on threat to destroy the prop erty. The American consul at Chihua- hua has been assured by the military commander at Parral there are four thousand troops in that district who will stand between Villa and the min ing property.
 Some hope still is held by Mexicans here that negotiations yet in progress may bring Villa into line.
Arizona republican., 1920-05-29
caIIes Reaches CapitaI

MEXICO CITY, May 2S.-Gen. P. Elias Gales, minister of war and ma rine under the de facto government, arrived here today on his 1.600 mile trip from Agua Prieta. Sonora. He was greeted with typical Mexican em braces by General Alvaro Obregon and Benjamin Hill and other notables.
 Gales brought with him 4.000 in fantrymen, cavalry and artillerymen besides much war material. He left 1,5O0 cavalry at TlalnepantIa, a suburb, today. Seven thousand revolutionary troops under Gen. Joaquin Amaro pre- ceded Gales into the capital
 AdoIfo de Ia Huerta, provisional pres- ident of Mexico, was expected to ar rive here tomorrow to assume complete control of the de facto government.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
SHRINE CLUB HAS
BUSY MEETING
Committee Announces Plans For Big
Picnic.

A large meeting of the West Florida
Shrine Club was held last night in the
chamber of commerce rooms and many
matters pertaining to the organization
of Shrine temple We're discussed.
Ii was decided to increase the num-
Der of signers to the petition for the
temple to 500 members, in addition to
the 400 which is required and already
have been obtained
The various committees appointed TO
make arrangements for the picnic at
Floridatown on Friday. August 81. re-
ported that all plans had been made
and arrangements perfected for a grand
celebration.
The captain and members OF lie
baseball team We're announced. The
same is to be played between the
Shrine Club and the Grotto at M4xenl
l'lIk on "Wednesday. September S.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
CHAPMAN'S BODY
ESCORTED HOME
Hundreds Of Cleveland Admirers Meet
Train Bringing Body.

Cleveland, o., Aug. 1S.-Hundreds of
admirers and friends of Ray Chapman.
star short stop of the Cleveland base
ball club of the American league,
gathered at the Union depot here cary
today to meet the body OF their idol
who died in New York yesterday
morning.
Among those accompanying the
body were Chapman's widowed bride,
Manager Iris Speaker and Joe Wood.
of the Cleveland team.
1t was Chapman's eagerness TO aid
in giving this city its first pennant
that indirectly resulted in his death.
When he married Miss Kathleen Daily,
prominent Cleveland society woman,
last October he was asked if he would
retire from the game and devote his
time to a business in which he ac-
quired an interest.
'I'l1 play next year. for ] want to
help give Iris Speaker and the Cleve-
land fans the first pennant Cleveland
has ever had" Chapman replied
"Then / will talk quitting"
Chapman also was a star track man
and football player. In competition
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
The only Sport Page In Vest Florida

with hundreds Of athletes. including
many stars Of large universities,
Chapma nwon a place on the Cleve-
land naval reserve track team in 1918.
In a field meet against Camp Cnster
he took first honors lin the 100 and
200 yard dashes, his time for the 100
yards being ten seconds.
He also was a member of the crack
naval reserve football team, one Of
the strongest service teams in the
country. and the only eleven TO defeat
Pittsburgh university IN 1918. The
baseball team which Chapman cap
tanned was indicated all the season.
Members of the Naval Reserve club.
OF which Chapman was an honorary
member asked members OF the family
that they be allowed TO hold a mill
'tary funeral
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
NEGROES TAKEN BY
SHERIFF IN RAID

Two negroes were arrested by the
sheriff's forces yesterday afternoon in
the soft drink stand said to be run by
Hazel Johnson. The negroes were
charged with having rum in their pos
session. They were later taken out
on $3.50 bond each.
In the raid the sheriff found about
five quarts of shiny, and this was
sezed as evidence when John Bennett
and Frank Collins were arrested. The
house was located on Wright and Rail-
road.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
GOLF LINK EXPERT
BUSY IN LAKE COUNTY

Leesburg, Aug. 1S.-Tom Bendelow
of Chicago. father of municipal golf
links in the United States, is in Lake
county this week. laying out the Lake
County Country Club 100000 eighteen
hole course. Bendelow has laid out
more than 700 golf courses in the
United States and Canada in the past
thirty years
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
"Y" JUNIORS GO
AFTER REMNANT
Defeat BIuebirds and Gain Firmer Grip
On Title.

The ~" Juniors strengthens dtheir
lead for the pennant yesterday at the
Junior League diamond when they de-
feated the Bluebirds, to O. 1t looked
as though the game would end tie,
but an overthrow by S. Preston cost
the Bluebirds the game. Today's game
will be between the Red Wings and the
Wentworths.
Yesterdays score:
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19

Summary: Two base hit, Smay. Hits
off Marsh. / j; off White. 3. Stolen
bases, Marsh, Bell, Loftin, Carroll. Left
on bases-'Y'' Juniors, ); Bluebirds.
q. Base on balls-off Marsh. 3; off
White. s. Struck out-by Marsh. 6: by
White. g. Hit by pitcher, Pinney. I'm
pire, Sara. Time of game. 30 At
tendance, 60.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
Senator's Badly Beaten.

Washington, Aug 1s.-St. Louis ham,
mered Shaw and Acosta for total OF
seventeen hits today and easily de
feated Washington is to ?. SisleI, with
three doubles and a single and jacob
son with a trIp.e and three singles.
were the batting leaders. Shocker held
the locals safe at al stages.
Score by innings: r ii z
ST. Louis .-..----...----0a 024 02f--i3 IL
Washington -.....-.000 0t0 00i- 2 10
st. Louis, Shocker and SEVERED
Washington, Shaw, Acosta and Char
rity.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
Whenever You Need General
StrenUtheniaq Tonic

Take the Old Standard GROVES
TASTELESS chill TONIC. II Strength
ems and Builds Up the System by Puri-
flying and Enriching the Blood You
can soon feel its Strengthening, In
uarnrinGr 0ffanf Rnn-AA-
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
TWILIGHT.
JUNIOR LEAGUE.
SKIPTON CASTLE
LEAVES FOR EUROPE

Skipton Castle. British steamer, left
Pensacola yesterday afternoon for Liv-
erpool. The steamer came by this port
for supply Of bunker coal after TAX
ing on general cargo from Galveston.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
Barons Take Two.

Birmingham, Aug. 1s.-Birmingham
captured two of the most exciting
games seen here in some time from
Memphis, Z to 4, and s to 2. In the
second game, in the second inning, a
worlds record is believed to have been
established when the Barons made
seven runs of fone scratch hit. not one
ball being knocked out of the infield,
and each member of the Memphis in
field making one error, including a
double by Catcher Cowie. The first
game was a smuggling match. Score,
first game:
Memphis $780,. 600 40 O01-4 IL 1
Birmingham -. 100 los 0ox-7 10 0
Marshall and Dowie; Coffindaffer
and Gooch.
Second game:
Memphis ........ zoo 600 O-z D
Birmingham ... 07o Dol ks s 2
Thweatt and Dowie; Meeker, Gala
CHER and Peters.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
YESTERDAYS RESULTS.
AMERICAN.

At New York, 4; Cleveland, 3.
At Boston, 6; Detroit, 5.
At Washington. ?; st. Louis, 10.
At Philadelphia, 1; Chicago. 0.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
AMERICAN

st. Louis at Washington.
Chicago at Philadelphia.
Detroit at Boston.
Only three scheduled.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
NATIONAL.
SOUTHERN

AT Nashville. 2; Mobile. 1.
At Birmingham, rs: Memphis, AZ.
AT Little Rock, 5; Atlanta, 4.
Only three.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
GAMES TODAY
SOUTHERN

Chattanooga at Birmingham.
Memphis at Atlanta.
New Orleans at Nashville.
Mobile at Little Rock.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
NATI0NAI

Philadelphia at Pittsburg.
Only one scheduled.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
Champions Lose.

Philadelphia, Aug. 18.-Rommell scat
tered Chicago's five hits today and the
pennant contenders lost the first game
of their last series of the season here.
1 to O. Dugan's long double drove home
the only run of the game.
Score by innings: r II f
Chicago .............-.-..... 900 600 O00-0 5 6
Philadelphia 600 100 00x-t 7 0
Chicago, Williams, Wilkinson and
Schalk; Philadelphia, Rommel and Per-
kins.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
Red Sox Recruit Wins,

Boston. Aug. iS.-Myers pitched his
first home game today for Boston and
won it from Detroit, to 5. in the
eleventh inning, when McNally scored
from second base on the pitchers in
field single, which escaped Hellman.
Score by innings: r II f
Detroit -----------0OO 00i 0i0 00-5 s 9
Boston 100 III 900 0i-6 ~ 4
Detroit, Ayers and Stanage; Boston.
Myers and Schang.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
Mobile Loses Again.

Nashville, Aug. 1S.-Statham out
pitched Sigman and Nashville defeated
Mobile, 2 to 1, today. in ten innings.
Statham held Mobile to three hits un'
til the ninth when he allowed three
hits which tied the score. but Nash
vile batted in victory in the tenth.
Score by innings: r II E
Mobile 900 600 0Oi o. 7 q
Nashville 900 OOt 900 o. 9 1
Mobile, Sigman and Pond; Nashville,
Statham and Lees.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
LAST INNING RALLY
FALLS One SHORT
Atlanta Fails to Beat Little Rock While
Pelicans Idle.

Little Rock, Aug. ia ninth inning
rally by Atlanta fell short one run OF
tying the score today and Little Rock
won the last game of the series, 5 to g.
Score by innings: r. Fl f
AbIduId ----------------..-UO1 VOU uuo--4 v
Little Rock ............002 POI 00x-5 II
Atlanta, Sheehan and Hager; Little
Rock, Robinson and Brottem.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
YANKEES WIN @ N
PIPP'S HOME RUN
Cleveland Drops In League Standing by
Defeat.

New York, Aug. is.-Pipp's home run
in the ninth inning today enabled Now
York enabled New York to defeat Cleve-
land, to 3. Fewster, running for
Lewis, scored ahead of Pipp. For seven
innings the game was a pitching duel
between Bagby and Quinn. the latter
retiring in the seventh to permit Meusei
to bat for him.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19
Second game:

IHWtdIL anu L'UWIt' CUAS1, NS1Ila
CHER and Peters.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19

Open date.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-08-19

Marshall and Dowie; Coffindaffe
and Gooch.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1920-08-14

About this time tyou see) there was
q man who found at" unless, indeed,
he were its originator, which is ex-
tremely unlikely. He was the famous
Nicolas Flannel, reputed by the Paris
of his day to have accomplished 1.-THE
grand work." /. e., transmitting base
metals to gold.
Paris Lost Treasure.
Time passed, Nicolas Flannel out
lived his students and his taste for
gorgeous gayety. In his old age he
made the e~xtravagant liberalities to
Paris churches, and particularly to the
cathedral, which connect his name
with the mystery" and confirmed his
reputation as a transmuter of metals
and a Jewel molder." Did he do it?
Victor Hugo tells how half the alche-
mists of Europe dug vainly in Nicolas
Flamel's cellar up to 90 years after
his death!
These lost treasures are historical.
There is no cause TO scott. They ex-
listed. They were acquired by m or
a few. They were hidden by pru-
dence, for the nine days wonder to
blow over, or not to divide up, and
those who helped to do the deep, in
genious hiding were regularly strafed,
that their knowledge perish with
them.
This particular lost treasure, repos-
ing always, by tradition, In Paris, is
the treasure of Narbonne. It Is plain
history. You will find 1t in Gibbon.
Adolphus, Gothic ~chieftain, having
forcibly married Placida, daughter of
the Emperor Theodosius, in the house
of %Ingenuus, most illustrious citizen of
Narbonne, in Gaul, on the Mediter-
ranean s%eacoast, where she and hers
sought refuge, took with her as her
"dower" what became known as the
Gothic Recommendations salvage
from her ravaged land.
Time embroiders old traditions, but
there is always something in sthem.
Who knows from what elements of a
prosecuted, grateful and prophetic
race (what banker-seers, merchant
poets, doctor-searchers) originated the
popular figure of the Wandering Jew
as b%enefactor of the chapter of Notre
Dame and watcher, n%eutralizer of the
demon, final pointer and last memoir
izer, for these last days, of what reye-
lation of antique culture, riches, splen-
dor! 1t is a good day for a memoir
izer. Once again the cupidity of
masses has found its gospel-'takel"
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1920-08-14
SALE.

By virtue of a writ of ieri facias, to me d.
rected, issue out of the New Jersey Court OF
WEDNESDAY, EIGHTEENTH DAY
OF AUGUST, NINETEEN HUN
DRIED AND TWENTY.
in the Court Room, No. 201, Second Floor.
Guarantee Trust Building, in the City Of At
lantic City. County of Atlantic and State OF
All those certain tracts or parcels of land
and premise situate in the City of North
field, in the Township of Egg Harbor,, County
of Atlantic and State of New Jersey, bounded
and described as follows
Beginning at the West corner of Broad
Street and Halbert Avenue, thence extending
line of Broad Street one hundred feet thence
(2l ENTHUSIASTICALLY parallel with Halbert
Avenue one hundred and sixty feet to the
middle of a twenty feet wide alley extending
from Halbert Avenue to Jackson Avenue;
thence (3) Southwestwardly parallel with
Broad Street along the middle of said alley
fifty feet thence (4) enthusiastically paral-
lei with Halbert Avenue along the middle OF
a twenty feet wide alley one hundred and
lightweight and ninety-two hundredths feet
to the Southeast line of right of way of the
West Jersey and Seashore Railroad thence
90 ENTHUSIASTICALLY along said line of right
of way one hundred fifty and sixteen humid
redths feet to the Southwest line of Halbert
Avenue thence CD enthusiastically along
said line of Halbert Avenue three hundred
fffty-1ve and .ninety-four hundredths feet to
the place of beginning.
Also DeSlQUlHS dI II NOIlu CDIucI VI
Broad Street and Halbert Avenue, and extern
ding thence I'd ENTHUSIASTICALLY along the
Northwest line of Broad Street two hundred
and seyenty-seven feet to the Southwest line
of a fifty feet wide street thence 20 North
westwardly along said line of said fifty feet
wide street three hundred seventy-one and
seventy-one one-hundredths feet to the South
east line of right of way of the West Jersey
and Seashore Railroad thence go South
westwardly along said line of right of way
two hundred seventy-seven and three-tenths
feet to the Northeast line of Halbert Avenue
thence (4) enthusiastically along said line
of Halbert Avenue three hundred and fifty
eight and seventy-fve hundredths feet to the
place of beginning. Subject, however, to a
twenty feet wide alley extending from Hal
bert Avenue to said fifty feet wide street,
the Southeasteriy line thereof being one hun
bred and fifty feet Northwestward1y at right
angles from Broad Street and another twenty
feet wide alley extending from the alley first
mentioned to the said railroad, the Southwes-
terly line thereof being one hundred and
forty feet Enthusiastically at right angles
from Halbert Avenue.
Decree approximately 1852, besides inter-
est, costs and fees.
Seized as the property of Meta F. Barber
ct ais. and taken in execution at the suit of
James Lewis Risley- and to be sold by
ALFRED j. PERKINS,
Sheriff.
Dated July "a, 1920.
PRS fee, $500
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1920-08-14
PUFFED-U UP
FEET RELIEVED.
This Soothing Healing Ointment
Cream Gives Comfort to the
Footsore. g

If you suffer from aching, sore, per-
spring feet and you find yourself all
tuckered out by midday on account of
those feet, go to your druggist and
ask for a jar of WINTERGROLE.
Rub a little of this soothing, healing
balm over the sore spots and you will
note an improvement at once. Never
will you be foot-sore again when you
once discover how easy it is to drive
the orene out of your feet with this
wonderful remedy.
Get a jar of WINTERGROLE at any
drug store. 1t costs but a quarter.
For sale by H. J. Dennis & Co., II
S. Main street, Pleasantville. adv.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1920-08-14

There Is more Catarrh in this section of
the country than all other diseases put to-
gether, and for years 1t was supposed to be
incurable. Doctors prescribed local remedies
and by constantly failing to cure with local
treatment, pronounced it incurable. Catarrh
is a local disease, greatly Influenced by con-
stitutional conditions and therefore requires
constitutional treatment. Halls Catarrh
Medicine, manufactured by F. j. Cheney &
Co., Toledo, Ohio, is a constitutional remedy,
is taken internally and acts thru the Blood
on the Mucous Surfaces of the System. One
Hundred Dollars reward is offered for any
case that Halls Catarrh Medicine fails to
cure. Send for circulars and testimonials.
r. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, Ohio.
Sold by Druggists, 75c.
Halls Family pills for constipation.
Advertisement.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1920-08-14
LEGAL
REWARD.

$40 reward will be given for infor-
nation leading to the arrest and con-
viction of anyone emptying sewage In
Egg Harbor Township.
BY order of the Board of Health,
CHAS. L. SMITH, Sec.
The Pleasantville press. (Pleasantville, N.J.) 1912-1929, 1920-08-14

There is no false modesty about the
Cent-a-Word Column of The Pleasant.
vile Press. No legitimate proposition
need hesitate to launch forth to find
a response. Need not rel sign your
name or address. This office receives
and holds replies for you, if desired.