davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
What You Have You
May Keep, Court Is
Told at ''Red'' Trial
Two Jurors Obtained When
Days Proceedings End III
Citlow Case; Communist
Idea Explained by Lawyer

A colloQuy between Justice Barlow
S. Weeks and Clarence S. Darrow,
counsel for the defense, featured the
second day of the trial of Benjamin
Gitlow. former Socialist Assemblyman,
charged with criminal anarchy. which
ended yesterday with two Jurors in
the jury box.
Mr.. Darrow, who defended the Nc
Namara brothers in The Los Angeles
Times" dynamiting case in 1911, was
outlining principles Of the Communists
Leroy L. Valentine, chosen as the sec
ond juror.
The Chicago lawyer explained that in
Communistic state the machinery of
production, industry i'll general, would
be owned collectively. Justice Weeks
asked from the bench
What about money in the bank,
gold in the stocking il there are any
who use that old-fsshiened method ."
Plan Offered for Ownership
Mr. Darrow explained that the Com
munists would let man keep what he
had IN his possession. He supple
mented
"Under the prohibition law man
has the privilege Of consuming LIQUOR
he has on hand.'
II wondered whether you would in
clude IN the Communist plan the own
ershlp of money in the bank or if that
would remain in private possession. -"
Justice Weeks observed.
An objection by Mr.. Darrow was
sustained when Alexander I. Rorke. the
prosecutor, asked Valentine:
would the threat of revolution
or general strike by revolutionary
labor affect you in finding a verdict pr
Nv ould your decision be Influenced
BY the consequences of your veryict ."
Justice Weeks asked.
NO. replied the talesman.
DO you always agree with every
thing the government does ?" Valentine
was asked.
II do not" he responded.
Need of Change Seen
'Do you believe governments are
human institutions, and when neces-
sary may be changed ?"
Yes"
Rose Pastor Stokes, who failed to ap-
pear day before yesterday, although
summoned as witness in the Gitl0w
case, was in Justice Weeks's courtroom
IN the Criminal Courts Building wher
the session started yesterday.
She explained that She had been out
OF town. and told the two policemen,
who at the courts order had been
Watching her Grove Street home, that
she was sorry 10 have kept them up
ali night. She remained in court, fol-
lowing the proceedings during the re-
mainder Of the session.
Frank Y. Kennedy was chosen fore
man OF the jury day before yesterday.
The selection OF men who will sit in
Judgment on Gitlow, who is charged
with being business agent of "The
revolutionary Age" which published
the Communist manifesto, viii! be con-
tinued this morning.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Evans Records
Dissent to Trial

When the session opened this morn
ing biyipan William S. Evans. a
Democrat, asked permission to have In
serted in the record & statement in
which he dissented from q ruling Of
the chair.
Mr.. Evans took exception to Mr.. Mar
tins denial of Mr.. HilQuit's motion to
the effect that the proceeding should
be dismissed because there was neither
constitutional nor statutory authority
for it.
81 desire to be recorded" his state
ment read, "as dissenting from that
ruling. upon the ground that the AS
sembly has no constitutional or statu-
tory power to suspend or expel duly
elected member upon any ground other
than that specified in the constitution
OF the state. namely. isquaiihcatlon on
returns, election, citizenship, age. resi-
dence, or within 100 days previous to
their election to mem bership in Com
gress, the civil or military service Of
the United States, or for being an off
Ger under any city government within
that period of 100 days prior to their
election
81 go further than counsel for the
Socialists, and I believe no other
ground exists in law, not even prior to
conXiction for crime, if it does not in
vo've loss of citizenship or aGliction
with loathsome disease, nor insanity,
nor other mental, moral or physical
conditions.
I'VE must leave it to the good COM
mon sense of the sovereign power of
the state, the electorate, to send to the
Assembly representatives possessing
ere ditabie mental and moral and physi-
cal faculties
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Soviets to Carry
Out Working Order

The industries will then be managed
by the working men, through their
soVIetS. The economic order will be
carried out through the soviets. Until
nov. the state had function, task,
to defend the ruling class against the
oppressed classes. But now, when pri-
vate ownership is entire.y eliminated,
the oppressed class will be the bour-
geoisie, whom the dictatorship Of the
proletariat will dominate and cause to
entirely disappear, then what is the
state needed for?
"There will be no more state. no
more dictatorship. There will be only
communist order, which will be
managed by the workingmen them
selves, that is, by all the inhabitants of
tne country through soviets, or through
some other similar system"
Under the chapter headed. "The Die
tatorship Of the Proletariat in the Rus
sian Revolution" Mr.. Stanchficld read !:
ut (Bolshevist Dictatorship is the
bone OF the Socialist revolution and
must be established in every countrv
under all circumstances, when the
Socialist revolution is established
there" u
Under the heading "The Socialists
ana the Democratic Statc,' the follow
ing was found:
oocialiseS seek TO enter into the
government Tor two reasons: First, to
be nearer to the doors of the cham-
bers, whore dictatorship Sits. and.
second, to hinder the dictatorial work
IN any way possible. The first reason
IS the most important. Sitting in
faTllnment or In Congress, being inside
OF tne government ranks, affords
Socialists an opportunity to find out
the plans. the strategy of the state
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Excerpts Taken From
Book on BOlsIlevism

Some Of the excerpts from the book
on Bolshevism read:
"Bolshevism is not new socialist
theory, but the practical carrying out
in life Of the old socialist theory.
"Bolshevism especially is not q
theory. Bolshevism is method of how
to establish socialism in life.
"Bolshevism is practical socialism,
the socialism OF to-day. and not OF the
remote future day
rs bolsnevism democratic? does the
bolshevik revolution and the Bolshc-
Vik actions agree with the accented
maXims of democracy? No. thew do
not. But what revolution does
agree with the maXims of democracy ?
"A revolution is an act of violence
ana IS almost always carried out hv
an organized resolute minority NJ
revolution is decided by refercnd,,m
and no revolution is parliamentary or
democratically lawful. The Bo!sheviki
employed acts of violence in their
revolutlon. That surely is not demo
SiaSlc. but now can revolution be
mage without acts of violence?
A., IL was permissible to overthrow
tne Car by violence, then whv is It nor
permissible to overthrow the pontleS
men and Junkers by violence?
"A new revolution with st;l, r,oro
might and power will at once rise nnd
will clean up like mighty cvclone c the
bourgeois rule from the whole world
not only from Russia alone" '"'
oh cross examination by Mr. Hill
qult, the witness said he had raca;,.nd
.ne two pamphlets from an arent of
the Lusk committee. ~
AND were you told to translota Tho
whole thing. or only such PASSAGES 'ns - Q
TO you seemed discriminating ?" 80
was not told anything about q -
Wen, what were you told when Won
got the booklet?" ~"
Just simply to look It over T rusod
my own judgment as to translatjno
what was vital" Is
"As to translating what was vital,
for what purpose
For the purpose Of submitting H. as
evidence against socialism,"
"Well, you translated certain oor-
tions only::"
Il did"
by what were you guided about the
cholce Of portions that you did trans
late?'
Il was guided by my own Judgment"
"As to what2"
AS to socialism Ms it breaches
violence"
Then you were looking for such
portions as would support the conten-
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23

admission of his testimony over the
violent objections of the Socialist at
torneys
The next witness was Charles M.
Robinton, Of 80 East l28th Street, New
York City, special agent and trans
lator of Hebrew of the Department of
Justice.
"Now, hand you Exhibit No. 16, and
ask you whether you had pamphlet
similar to that? ?" asked Mr. Stanchficld.
Yes. have it," replied tfH witness.
II will mark the one you have for
Identification Exhibit IT," said Mr..
Stanchfield.
"Now, did you translate certain por-
tons, paragraphs and sections Of Ex-
hibit 1927
"Yes, sir"
"And have you the translation with
you?"
eyes, sir"
"You did not translate as yet the
whole of the volume?"
"No, sir"
"And is the translation OF the para
graphs and sections that you hold in
your hand correct translat ion of the
original 2"
eyes, sir"
When Mr. stanchfeld offered the
translation in evidence, Mr.. Hillquit
was on his feet with an objection.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
4uMu6ar%c
ICertified Public Acoutans
@ohuth BID. NewYa
T,ms BarA Blda Detroit
Nitti Hints at Renewed
Effort TO Adjust Fiume
Treaty of London Not To R.
Invoked Until All Other
Means Fail. He Save

PARIS. Jan. 22.-Italy will der..,
Of Franco and England the csrrrrs saus
out of the Treaty of London anls
when all other means of settling W. ~.
Adriatic question have been tried ,ns
found futile, according to statem.s, SS
made by Premier Nitti to ss' renresas.
ative of the echo de Paris" Tho uns
respondent accompanied the ltaNs,
Premier from this city to Nice. snS
was told by Signor Nitti that his trc ho
to Rome was brought about solely \, ~
the railroad strike in Italy. V
"The reply Of the Jugo-Slav rov.,,.
ment to the note OF the Supreme Conn.
Gil relative to conflicting claims ON ~.
eastern shores Of the Adriatic does ,s
satisfy u.s." the Premier ia quoted ~
saying, "but we have gone to the ~. :.
treme limit in making concessionsn
Premier Nitti expects to return !.
Paris soon to resume his work in Il.
peace conference.
The date of my return will derss
upon internal events in Italy and Ems.
land" he said 1--WE will agree uuon
time, for Premier Lloyd George and
myself are most anxious to settle bend.
ing questions. These include thos.
relative TO the Adriatic, Asia Minor
Turkey and the future status Of Con-
stantinoplc. There must be as it'll.
delay as possible, because delay is en-
e1vating. What is needed in Europe.
especially in the face OF our former
enemies. is the spirit OF peace"
Speaking Of the arrangement b,
which Allied nations Will reopen trsi,
relations with the Russian people, IN
Italian Premier said:
II am convinced the arrangementva
be good for everybody and cannot isN
to diminish the spirit Of revolt in Rus
sia. Russia is the storeh ouse of En-.
rope, and she must share in provision.
ing the Continent"
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Hindenburg and Kupprecht
Mentioned for Presidenc,

=, BERLIN, Jan: 22.-Sevcral prominent
Germans ere already being mentioned
as possible candidates for the next
Friedrich Ebert, the present chie9
executive; Field Marshal Won Hinden-
burg, former Crown Prince Rupprecht
Of Bavaria. Friedrich Won Payer. form
erlv Imperial Vice Chancellor: pro-
fessor Friedrich Forester, of tho Uni
versity of Munich; Adolf Wermuth
Lord Mayor of Berlin, and Adolf
bamaschke. the Hamburg single tax
retormer
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Labor Can't Depend
On Peaceful Evolution

"Mr. Chairman, I sat down before
you told me to-" launched back counsel.
The pamphlet published by the Jew
ish Socialist Federation Of America,
New York, 1920, was then partly read
by Mr.. Stan chticld.
Under the chapter entitled, "The De-
Tenders of tho Dictatorship Of the
Prolctariat," Nh. Stanchfeld read:
History teaches US that through
evolution, through natural develop
ment alone, no ruling class in society
has yet ever been deposed from its
power The feudal aristocracy which
lost Its, importance in society in the
eighteenth century did not surrender
It's position goodnaturedly.
at defended its position by force,
with lead and IRON Workingmcn can
not depend on peaceful evolution; they
must prepare for revolution and class
dictatorship.
Socialism does not believe in the
state. 1t wants to annihlate it en-
tirely.
"The Socialist movement rouses the
workingmen to revolution, it breaches
to them class struggle, awakens within
lhem class consciousness, makes all
necessary preparations for a social
lstic order. When society is ready for
the overthrow, when the Socialist or
ganlzation feels that the moment has
come it will make the revolution.
TO predict when and how this
should be done is impossible. This is
"a thing which must be determined sep
arately IN every country, because tie
circumstances in every country are
different. No sooner than the revolu-
ton is made, however, the first aim of
the Socialists must be to seize the
government, the state. by whatever
means they can succeed in doing this
with and then their rule must estab
hsh the dictatorship Of the prolctariat
This dictatorship will be EMPLOYED
for one thing to eliminate capitalism
by force, take away by force the capi-
tai from private owners and transfer
1t to the ownership of the community
After this work is finished there viii
remain nothing more for the dictator
ship for the proletariat state to do.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Soviet Negotiations in Peril
s-itvinoff. Charging Espionage,
Asks Pariev BE Transferred

LONDON, Jan. 22-Negotiations be-
tween James O'Grady, British dele
gate, and Maxim Litvinoff, ~rcprescn-
tatlve of the Russian Soviet govern
ment at Copenhagen, looking to an ex-
change OF prisoners, have reached q
serious stage because Of an alleged
system Of espionage practiced on the
latter, according to the correspondent
OF The Herald" at the Danish capi-
virtually every hotel is said to have
refused to accommodate NJ. Litv;notf
who has appealed both to Mr.. O'Gradv
and N. Tchiteherin, Bolshevik For
el'gn Minister, asking that the ncgotia-
tons be transferred to another conn
Try. In his telegram to NJ. Tchitcher
the Bolshevik representative declares.
It IS said, he is under semi-arrest and
is being constantly watched.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Hiilquit's Objection
Overruled by Chair

~ object to that" he SAID. "The
original, if l remember. is document
produced by Mr.. Miller and described
by him as having been circulated by
some organization in Rochester. Neither
of the five Assem- blymen in question
is shown to have held membership
in that organizations; to have been
aware of the existence or circulation
of this booklet, nor is it shown that
the Socialist party, as such. had any
completely or connection with it.
For all we know, this is booklet
and / do not know what its contents
are--that has been published and cir
culated by y few persons absolutely un-
connected with US, perhaps inimical to
US, for whom at any rate we bear no
responsibility OF any kind; no con-
nection Is shown between the author
or the publishers or the circulation of
this pamphlet and the five Assembly,
men or the party they represent"
The objection was overruled.
Mr.. Stcdman rose in protest when he
drew from the witness that the identi-
cal pamphlet offered in evidence had
not been read by him, but one like it.
II will allow the witness to proceed"
said Chairman Martin; "you can cross
examine him later"
II understood the right to cross ex-
anime on translation is before the
translation is offered" said Mr. Sted-
man.
II will receive it," said the chairman.
II want to show that is not transla-
tion," persisted Mr.. Stedman. "They
are both the same book"
"Has the chairman read both books?
The witness has not,''
"You may proceed" said the chair
man to the witness, and addressing
counsel. he said: "You sit down.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Socialists Must
Become Fighters

"The Socialist now must grasp ac-
curately what the state ls what de-
mocracy is, and what his attitude as
Socialist must be to the state and to
democracy. He must cease to be q
moral preacher and become a fighter,
He must know that the Socialist move
ment is Red movement, a movement
with blood in the veins. which knows
that nothing III life can be won with
out a struggle.
"Thc great task Of the Socialist
movement is to create an army in the
country which should be ready to make
the Socialist revolution when the suit
able moment arrives. This army must
know it's aims and the methods of at
tanning these aims. 1t must be an in
telligent army. Every soldier in it
must himself know the way, the plans.
the strategy. The Socialist soldiers
must not be blind sheep under the com
mand of general. Such an army is
good only in q fight for the darkness
OF reaction, not in fight for light and
freedom. Al present it is not at all
difficult to muster and instruct So
cialist army"
Another booklet published in Hebrew
by the same house, which has head
quarters at 175 East Broadway, New
York .ity. was offered in evidence
over like protests as in the previous
case by counsel for the accused.
Mr.. Hillquit made the additional
point that translations should be COM
plete and not partial The pamphlet,
entitled "Bolshevism," by DR. b.
Hoffman, published also by the Jewish
Federation OF New York, 1919, was
finally offered in evidence
"ls 1T the intention of the commit
tee TO connect this book with the same
organization ?" asked Mr.. Hillquit.
with the organization to which
these gentlemen have pledged their
fealty," replied Arthur 4. Sutherland.
who took up the examination Of the
witness.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Chinese to Forgive Brigands
If They Release DIR. Shelton

WASHINGTON, Jan. 22.-The gov-
ernor of the Chinese province Of Yum
nan has offered complete amnesty to
the brigands who captured A. L. Shsl-
ton, American missionary. on January
8. if they will release him. dispatch
from Peking to the State Departmen,
to-day said. The brigands have no,
stated the amount of ransom for ~hich
they hold Dr. Shelton.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Funnel to Link France and italv

CHAMONIX, Switzerland, Jan. 2s-
French and Italian engineers have
arrived here to make studies on The
ground FOR tunnel under Mont
Blanc, directly Joining France and
italy. This project, which has beer
under examination for many years. now
appears near attainment. as both gov
ernments have voted preliminary
credits to begin work. France h.s
appropriated $9.00o,000 and Italy
$S.O0O,00O.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23

And knowing this, they can carry out
their propaganda the better.
Socialists seek to be elected into
the government principally for the
sake Of propaganda"
"ro the Socialists at present, the
meaning Of class struggle, interna-
tional and dcta torship Of the prole-
tarlat, must be clear. He must under
stand that socialism Is not reform
movement. He must know that social
ism is q revolutionary world-perspec-
tive and the Socialist movement is B.
revolutionary movement
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23

weigh every word mean every word.
II you. Mr. Bloch. as a lawyer, mean to
say that you can parallel testimony of
this Kind. and witnesses coming to the
etand and swearing be is a policeman
and has spoken 20 one Miller and then
ask the question, 'Wha. did Mr.. Miller
say? in o trial in which the loyalty of
FIVE members of the Assembly is in
vofved. without even en attempted con-
nection to this man and these five AS
senb blymenif you mean to say that
you; as a lawyer, would stand for tes-
timony of this kind in a case affecting
your client, should like to hear you
say so. | do not know of any such
similar precedent"
When he paused Mr.. Martin repeated
he would overrule the objection.
Socialists Challenge
Every Point Raised
Every WE'LL" said Hillquit, angrily,
"as far as Pm concerned. and | think
I speak for my associates. hereafter
when testimony of this kind is called
we shall take absolutely no part in
1t. We will ncs dignity it by taking
part in it. 1t will be as if we were
absent"
every well,". said Mr.. Martin, calmly.
~Proceed."
Throughout the day, Mr.. Hillquit
and the other Socialist attorneys con-
tinued unremitting warfare on every
point that the prosecution strove to
make. Once during the morning, Hill
quit tripped Stanchfiold in way that
sent ripple of laughter through the
cha amber.
The chief counsel for the Socialists
was counsel;ng Louis Berger, executive
secretary of the New York County To-
cal. as to the practices OF Socialist par
ties in other countries.
II object to that" said Mr.. Stanch-
field. "We are not interested in is-
sues Of parties outside the United
States"
Mr. Hillquit grinned.
"Oh," he cried, Eve are perfectly
willing to accept Mr. -Stanchliold's
statement that the committee is not in
terested in practices Of Socialist
paroles outside the United States. If
] am to understand that such matters
are not to be brought into these pro-
ceedings, I'm quite ready to withdrawn
my question"
Mr.. Stanchfield redeemed at the
snicker of the crowd
Il object" he said, "to the question
is not cross examinations"
Just before an adjournment was
taken until next Tuesday Attorney
General Newton announced that he had
obtained the services of former Attor-
ney General Thomas Carmody to take
the place of Martin w. Littleton. who
was forced to withdraw because of
previous engagement to appear in the
Newberry trial.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
France Denies Report of Riots
Among Troops at Toulon

PARIS, Jan. 21.-Emphatic denial OF
reports emanating from Berlin and
published In America that ''riots and
mutlnles have broken out among
French naval forces and troops al
Ioulon" is made by the French War
Office.
According. TO the Berlin despatch.
!ne cause OF the alleged rioting was an
French Ministry declares that there
is no foundation whatever for this
report.
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Air Lime Opened in Africa
Cairo and Cape Town Linked
by New Serv;co

LONDON. Jan. 14.-Cairo and Cane
Town, representing the extremes Of III,
AIrlcan continent. have at last been
iIHAeu ny an ar service. The British
AR route, over which engineers bovs
spent long months OF labor amid ereat
dliIicultles, is finally ready for traff;c
rms means that the time heretofore
required to traverse the continent
from ten to twelve weeks-has row
peen cut down to about one week. and
mat heretofore secluded sections Of
Africa viii be opened up to the world
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Holds Disloyal:y
Fails to Disauaiify

"Disloyalty to the state and nation
or advocacy of force TO overthrow the
aevernment may or may not be amcna-
able to the criminal law But whether
antenable to tie criminal law or not,
It Ia not a disqualification. under the
state constitution, for membership in
the Assembly.
"For such disloyalty and advocacy Of
New-York tribune., 1920-01-23
Booklet Published
Bv Jewish Federation

ais the name of the author given"
at is."
what Is his name?'
"His name. Is Rogoff."
DO you know whether this author
Is an official of the national party
Socialist party?"
THAT I do not personally know"
"You do not know him at all Z"
mo, sir"
s'You do not know even whether he
is a member of the Socialist party, do
you?"
"No, sir"
"All you know is that he wrote this
booklet. Is that correct?"
"Yes."
"And that the booklet was published d
by the Jewish Socialist Federation ?"
Exactly"
"Do you know whether or not the
Jewish Socialist Federation also pub
lished books Of opposite import to this
particular one?'
"No, sir; I don't know IT,
"You cannot state whether or not the
Jewish Socialist Federation is engaged
in the publication Of booklets on
sociological topics from any ard all!
points of view, can you?
"No. sir"