davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-04-15

April, 1920, promises to be record month
for windstorms and donations Everything
seems to be going out and nothing coming in.
It's really a little hard on constitution to
let the cash slip away from us these
stormy days but if its for a good cause we
feel we III be benefited. We'd rather be Free
Givers" in a live town, than "Tight wads'' in
dead town.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-04-15

Talking about baseball, nine Dixie boys in
cluding Clothiers, Shoe men, Dry Goods men
and Bookkeeper got together yesterday and
bought two season tickets which goes to show
that our boys are good sports and want TO see
Chickasha get on the map" We IL say they
have the Dixie" spirit.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-04-15

A live Boosters Trip for Chickasba would
come at an opportune time this summer. All
the surrounding towns should know what we
have to offer and there is no better way to let
them know than going to them The
Dixie is strong for it and its decided on. we II
"hitch" up two ears and go.
Arizona republican., 1920-09-19
THE PIANO IN THE MAKING

[ almost like a chiId's toy while others
 are great unwieldy affairs which would
 almost fill the floor of a modern sitting room
 In the first stages of their develop
 ment both harpsichords and pianos
 were made with side levers instead Of pedals. Both instruments were pro fusely ornamented. one of the harpsi- chords in the Worch collection has it's
 cover filled with paintings depicting pastoral scenes. But one should have
 deal of reverence for these old in struments. It was on and for the harpsichord that the elder Bach com posed his matchless music. He had no
 respect for pianos.
 Beethoven a Piano Pioneer
 Beethoven was the first of the fam
 ous composers to take kindly to the
 piano. He used one of the famous Stein Instruments, manufactured by Nanette Stein of Vienna, who in addi
 tion to being one of the first business
 women of her day and generation, was great friend and admirer of the com poser and did much to make his last years happy and comfortable. The piano was coming into it's own late in the 18th century, and the Worch collection has a number of specimens of the instrument dating from about 1775. The oldest upright in the collec- | tion is one made by Stein of Vienna | in 17SS. There are also a number of
 early English pianos, among them a 1 Broadwood grand made in 1790, and an
 upright from the factory of Stoddard
 and Southwen which bears the date of 1 1900.
 1 The history of these early instru- l ments is somewhat uncertain. MT. | Worch picked them up wherever it
 was his good fortune to find them, and 1 he has been unable for the most part
 to trace out anything with reference to
 their former owners.
 The oldest American piano in the l collection is five octave square, made
 in philadelphia in 1775. It was not
 until after the Revolution that Amer ican< manufacturers began to take up
 this work and apply themselves to it seriously. The first instruments pro- duced in this country were divided in principle between the German and 1 English models. For America Is in ventive along mechanical rather than along esthetic lines. and the American for the most part in the mechanical direction.
 I Even to this day, European instru-
 ments have a much greater degree of l Individuality than our own. America aims at quantity, and our inventive | genius has been exercised rather along | this line than that of improving the l individual units of production. For 1 where the European factories have l turned out one piano, ours have made l a dozen or maybe a hundred, and in stead of being mark of distinction Tn America to own a piano, it is thought 1 that home is net properly furnished without one.
 First Uprights Century Old The Worch collection does not in 1 clude any of the more modern innova- novations such as the pianola or player piano, which are of distinctly Amer l ican origin. It is confined to the ari- stocrats of the family.
 Shortly after the revolution. there grew up a keen rivalry between the manufacturers in various cities, and
Arizona republican., 1920-09-19
Legal Advertising
NOTICE To CONTRACTORs

NOTICE TO CONTRACTORS
 Sealed proposals for constructing the Salt River Pleasant Valley. Section 2C, project, located entirely within the Tonto National Forest, Gila Coun- ty, Arizona, will be received by the Bureau of Public Roads, r. s. Depart ment of Agriculture. Room No. 218. Luna StriclSler Building, Albuquerque New Mexico. until two o'clock D. m.. October A. 1920. and will then be opened. The right is reserved to reject any and all bids, and none will be con- sidered except those from contractors ascertained to be experienced and re- sponsible.
 The project is approximately 10.02 miles in length and the principal items of work are approximately as follows. 25 acres of clearing and grubbing. 4767 GU. yd. of rock excavation: 59,0s7 GU. yds common excavation (may be bid either classified or unclassified): 1.766 linear feet of 1S 24 and 36-i inch c M. P. culverts-5e0 linear feet of r. IS, 24, 30 and 36-inch C. M. P culverts to be distributed and placed only; dry masonry headwalls rustic guard rail log bridges; rip rap; and Incidental items
 Two and three ton motor trucks will be furnished by the bureau of Public Roads at the rental prices shown in the Specifications, if desired by the contractor.
 Bids will be rendered by contractors on TINT and fuse fired detonators. to be furnished by the Bureau of Public Roads.
 The work is to be completed within two hundred weather working days following the execution of the contract by the Secretary of Agriculture. The maps. plans. specifications. estimate of quantities, and contract forms may be examined at the above address. Pro- posals must be on forms and in ac- cordance with Instructions forming a part of the specifications, and must be accompanied by deposit in an amount at least equal to five per centum of the amount of the bid, in accordance with said instructions
 F. s. WHEELER.
 District Engineer.
Arizona republican., 1920-09-19
To Aid Transportation

The freight congestion of the country is no small factor the present industrial slump ac- -cording to the railroad committee of the United States Chamber of Commerce which, in an open letter to the manufacturers business of the country, urges do the things necessary more fully utilize the equipment of the railroads ana thus remedy many of the evils that result from m sufficient equipment. At about the same time the Association of Railway Executives in request to the officials operating heads of the roads urged them to hurry the movement of cars and to hasten their service.
 The goal of daily mileage set for car is 50 miles, but the mileage when the roads were returned private control last March had been re- duced to only 23 the lowest reached in many years As the individual mileage when the government took over the 27 per it is clear where to place the blame for present condition. Since March 1 mileage already has been increased to 25 per day. With further increase to 30 miles per day. goal set it will be equivalent to adding 100000 cars to the present equipment of the rail- roads it is stated
 Thus it is shown how vitay important it is~ that there should be cooperation between the man. ufacturers shippers with the railroad officials it being important to the countrys welfare 10 keep the moving The railroad managers say that in speeding up loading and unloading of cars the shippers and manufacturers add the equiv- alent of 100000 cars to the nations railway equip rnent but the United States Chamber of Commerce. declares shippers increase this three times that much equal 100000 all through exer- csing care better system and consideration for the welfare of all Adding this 300000 to the 1oO- 900 which may by the railroad operators through better routing and speeder service, would make a total of 100000 in year. which mum Der could constructed in that length of time even though the necessary money was forthcoming
 It is shown therefore, by the United States Chamber Commerce that in a large measure the scarcity railway equipment and the congestion of he cooperation, genuine endeavor to work for the public welfare and less attention to personal con- venience evident, the chamber says, that this spirit cooperation has not prevailed in the past and country has suffered in consequence, but present crisis and in face of great na- tional mutual effort and consideration for the nations welfare genuine demonstration of un- selfshness patriotism is needed.
 Because of a lack of this, the country is facing
 crisis brought about insufficient transportation at a when bit of it is acutely needed The United States Chamber of Commerce points the way out to considerable extent It is by co-opera tion an honest effort to help the country, and through is little doubt that excellent results wi obtained.
Arizona republican., 1920-09-19
JIM BRELLAS

Where, oh where has the middle aged gentleman who carried the green Everett True umbrella gone? He is being sought by the National Association of Umbrella Manufacturers, whose members decline in business that alarms them.
 They will make a brave attempt the third week in October to cover every head in the nation with of their cambric silk canopies But they face the fact that since 1896 the volume of sales has creased only one third, s4000,000, in spite of more than doubled price for their product
 The auto is blamed. Folk drive right up to the front door now, and thousands thousands who used do their social calling afoot wouldn't think of using anything but the family these days. One bumbershoot is good another, to the pop ular mind, and though there has been attempt to introduce the cupalo shape and other ddoes much has of it.
 The umbrella men met in convention in New York recently. One manufacturer, with an assump tion of glee, pointed out that of the 150 present carried umbrella, though all arrived in driving rain. That caussd another one to remark sadly that the doggone country's dry now, you could put all the available moisture in your eye, alone .ynbrella."
Arizona republican., 1920-09-19
Ry Frederic ]. Haakir

ny TFC0cHlC fldSNiH
 WASHINGTON, D. c. Sept. 17-The whole story of the piano. from the primitive monochord of long ago which yielded music to a cunning skill. down to the modern player piano which it's SS notes and its records which put the music of the world at the disposal of anyone who has the price, it told in the Worth collection of pianos which has been installed in the national museum here
 This collection of 145 instruments is of interest to everyone who listens to music with pleasure, for it shows how much we owe to the generations that have gone before us. The piano, which is a commonplace fact in the life of almost every modern, is one of the most intricate and artificial of all mans achievements It is not an in- Vention but evolution and took as long to grow as modern civilization it. self. First no doubt men sang and whistled. And then they learned to multiply and enrich the vibrations of breath by blowing through pipes. And then someone discovered that there was music in a stretched string, and out of this grew the harp. The piano is harp, marvelously complex, and mechanically manipulated.
 The exhibit is so arranged as to give a comprehensive idea of how the mod ern piano came into being. Starting with the most remote members of the family, such as the clavichord, ham mer clavier, spinet and harpsichord, the collection ranges in almost un- broken sequence up through the va rious stages of evolution until the modern piano is reached.
 Hugo Worch, a piano merchant of Washington, is the donor of the collec- ton. For over 30 years he has been searching the civilized world for links in and tho quest still goes on.
 The Old Time Makers
 The older instruments were largely experimental in character, each ind!- vidual maker working more or less in dependently and putting a deal of his own personality into his creations. The keys of the earlier instruments were of wood, instead of ivory, as in the pres- ent day, and several of the specimens have black keys with white sharps. One of the instruments bears the name of the maker and the date of manu- lecture on a large brass plate.
 In these times, the purchase of a piano was something of an event The early master of the art was often a proud and temperamental person. The would-be purchaser of his wares sought him out and begged to be all lowed to own one of these matchless instruments. The maker would take his time considering the matter and if he was agreeable a contract was signed, in which the prospective buyer agreed to allow him to set the price style and date of delivery. It was a slow business, for every part of the work was done by hand. Finally, when the task was completed and the Ynstru- ment safe in his possession, the new owner would make a great feast to which all the notables were invited to view this eighth wonder of the local world.
 These ancestors of the piano were made in many different styles, ranging in size from the tiny to the immense Some of the models on exhibition locls
Arizona republican., 1920-09-19
QUESTIONS AND
 ANSWERS

0. How did chambers of commerce originate and what is their purpose w. H. C.
 A. The chamber of commerce, as an organization, originated on the Eu- ropean continent when the old guild system was gradually done away with. The principal object in having cham Der of commerce was to have q body of business men who had the power to act in their community in passing upon municipal and administrative measures in the Interest of that com munity. These were functions former ly exercised by the craft guilds. In American and England the chamber of commerce is a voluntary organization which has no recognized official func- tions, but is a body of merchants and traders associated for the purpose of promoting their own interests and of those of their community. The first chamber of commerce recorded in Mar seilles, France, which grew out of a commission of merchants. It was es- tablished in 1899 and enlarged in 1850. The next chamber of commerce was organized in Dunkirk, Scotland, in 1700. The first organization in America was that of New York City, organized in 176S.
 O. I have been told that there is no liniment that will penetrate the human skin. Is this correct. A.H.G.
 A. The bureau of chemistry says that there are @ number of iniments that will penetrate the human skin. Turpentine and chloroform have pen etrapinS properties.
 o. What opera is "The Last Rose of Summer" from? s. c. W.
 A. The Last Rose Of Summer was written by Thomas Moore for his Irish Melodies" It was afterward interpo- lated in the opera Martha
 o. For what period Of time is a passport good? L. .. Q.
 A. \ passport is granted for six months and may be renewed twice, each time for six months.
 c. What are Lafayette dollars? w.
 A. The director Of the mint says that 50,00o Lafayette dollars were coined in 1S93. They were made to sell to school children at q premium in or der chat they might have .. share in paying for the statue of Lafayette. which was erected iu Paris
 Q. Who pays for the printing of the speeches that are sent out by senators and representatives? A. M. c.
 A. The members of congress them selves pay for the printing of speeches that they distribute.
 G. What is writer's cramp? L. J. S.
 A. Writers cramp has been defi0cd as an occupation TrUrO~i. tg which those who GO too much writing Cspe- cially with the hand too tiELtly con tTacted, are especially liable. < person with this trouble has not complete control @ver the muscles of the thumb and middle and fore fingers, although
Arizona republican., 1920-09-19
President DeschaneI

NJ Deschane, president of France is prepared to resign according cable advices, and with that era in view busiy engaged in getting his political effects together The mold of fashion the glass of form" he was exactly the kind of president that France loves Even in his resignation there is much, we believe to appeal the French imagination and to give him unique and lasting place in the annals o the republic.
 Never before in history of democracies, we venture to presume, has the of idol been caused by such an unusual it such trifling incident. at from distance spanned by an ocean and continent Behold. then M. Deschane making a short railway trip. True to the traditions of the French presidency. his equipment and ap- purtenances of the best As every French pres ident should be, always in advance of the latest fashion when he not the actual arber Of style and n this his standing with his people The presidency France is proper in nation distinguished sby a culture and refinement which Is legitimate heritage prerevoluton days, is as much a position social supremacy it is po- litical worth-and more
 Sc, M. Deschanel is riding in his train. He has discarded the exquisite habiliments worn during the day and is sleeping quietly, the first gentleman of the republic should sleep. Some score of taors and valets believe are busiy engaged in preparing his wardrobe for the coming day, when their will show himself to the shouting popu- they would want to him-in spotless rament and shiny hat, lowing with the grace of Chesterfield and never dsarranging in the heat gesticulation. the perfection of his boutonniere.
 M. Deschaners dreams, however, become dis ordered. rolls close the window, which, in direct contradiction American experience is Suddenly losses the edge, and in mo- nent president of France. the arbter of things correct, has fallen to the road bed
 An, what a fail that! True; M. Deschanel is clothed pajamas, and such pajamas only the most correct would wear, but how has he offended the proprieties! What, the president of La Belle France exposed the clements and the of the track-walkers nuitY That worse than going to dinner in a smoking jacket! All France shuddered, as M. Deschane1 have shuddered breezes of early dawn somewhere between where he started and where he wished to go. The Fates had overtaken him. and in a heart-rending way An idol had fallen, only the sleeping coach of railway train, but from the presidency o his country
 would be easy mora1ize upon the incidents led up M. DeschaneIs decision to re- sign. twould be quite simple for instance to des- cant upon the carelessness porters and the dang sleeping in railway coach with the windows open. attention could be drawn to the necessity of ones wearing his dress suit under his nightie president of France Ceasar. Alexander, Napoleon Wolsey, Clarendon. Pitt-an have shown vanity worldly glory and the transitoriness of human plaudits But it has remained for Deschanel to the deceitfulness of a railway journey and lurking danger of not wearing ones tophat to bed.
Arizona republican., 1920-09-19

from this time on we have instruments from New York, Boston, Baltimore and Philadelphia. For the period from ITS to 1S40 there is an almost complete collection of American instruments. The first upright to make it's appear ance in this country was from the shop of Hawkins of Philadelphia, and bears the date of 1901. This instrument forms one of the most interesting parts of the collection.
 One of the curious pianos shown is the harp piano" which was made somewhere around 1850. Nothing is known of the maker. not even his name being remembered. It is a square piano surmounted by a fullsized harp, and serves to link the modern instrument with it's remote ancestor. For the piano is simply the harp with keys, springs and other innovations. Per haps the oldest instrument in the col lection is Italian clavichord which dates back to the fifteenth century. It is curious looking affair. much smaller than the modern piano, and having yellow keys.
 The exhibit brings clearly before our minds the steps by which our mastery of this first of the arts has come to pass. For the early instruments lacked both the tone and the range to give full interpretation Of our musical feelings. Speaking of those old in struments. an early writer described the tones they made, as "a scratch with a sound at the end of it." Both the harpsichord and the spinet have only four or five octaves each, and these for the most part are in the up- per register. But they served, and in looking at these old instruments, with their yellowed keys and quaint orna- mentations. there comes a feeling as of other days. Tn the minds eye there is vision of powdered hair and knee brooches, of high born danes and courtly gentlemen dancing the minuet. And the pianola with it's jingling jazz seems far away
Arizona republican., 1920-09-19
The New Mexico

In natural capacity "big sister" to the nations the south the United States must always show interest in them, their affairs and their aspirations This is particularly with regard to
 Mexico, which in it's proximity to this country, it's size wealth of it's resources and its importance in the scheme civilization in the western hemi- sphere will exert definite influence upon this country and especially upon the the south 
 Governor Campbers decision to attend the national Exposition and Military Carnival to be held m ti Paso in the early part cf despite fact the his office the requirements of his campaign make such attendance real sac rifice will view of the foregoing, receive the nlendation of all the citizens of Arizona. At this Exposition chief of Mexico including President Ia Huerta and the governors Of the northern states En be present, will the of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, and it be doubted much will be done during the celebra- ton to cement the relations of this country neighbor.
 The present administration in Mexico although it has been in power only short time. already taken definite steps for the welfare of that Despite the unfavorable predictions made by newspapers the eastern and northern United States which without the advantage of close acauaintanceship with Mexico, President la Huerta has done more for the good of Mexico in a few months than has been accomplished in almost years before. Rebel leaders, who for the most were rebels only for what in rebellion for themselves. have been eliminated from the Mexican scheme of things, the iron hand has been shown to the captous criminal, and constitutional gov ernrnent has again become a really throughout the country the laws being enforced. rights are be- ing protected and. more than all this, the govern r,ent has won from the beginning the respect and support of the Mexican people
 There are naturally, many difficulties tqsbe overcome before Mexico resumes the place tllat~Fas rcrz a decade ago. That fair start has been made.
 and that all indicatons are that the torn and bfood
 lol republic to the south has more takel4-s1p 3afA3Nm