davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
REDPATH ENTERTAINMENT
COURSE STARTS OUT WELL

a splendid house crested the ART
number Of the Redpath Course last
Friday evening. About 200 season
tickets have been sold, and while the
entire cost Of the magnificent courne
OF SIX numbers is not all in sight, the
response Is encouraging. Toni9ht
with the Miller Van der veer concert,
the outcome can be determined with
Ihe Montagues were fine q usual.
The audience WAS apprecietive and tie
entertainers generous IN their num-
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
DEATH CLAIMS CRESTED
BUTTE LAD MONDAY

Richard Gardiner, promising lad
Of Crested Butte, son Of Nr. and Mrs.
James Gardfper Of that city, passed
away Monday. Death was due %
heaxt failure broeGat On ~ . severe
eeteek of diptteklaS The yoang naan
w. fhiffste1 pears q - this sprfng,
~ 6onegally HID II HI hoiAe towS,
ux1 .9unle Miller of QQnnisou went
n - IL Buttes md ~ eharee g
~ 4snesal, which teok yIAco = th61
eity Wo1needey aftsE1e(A ~ -
- eye - elneeeo 1ginee1 " q r
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15

Twins, boy, IN; girl, e1s, were born
at 6k 4lhry's hospital in Pueblo Mon
day nooA 70 Mr. and Nrs Chauncey
Annnne1s ~ Wa1senhurg. Hrs. Sum-
tleel VIII b. tennamberod - AisB Nyr-
~ H1(x4 ~ CqnnieoA An eouceSned
M lnf 1foely atd til two prod
Hr1u Ae4p MfasA A. Myers ard
Mrs i ~ &gn1ers q Cun1ison aFe
eosEel Aeplys slthc IL tvo
- = : = - s'...s esss ss a. 9 = =
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
ISSUES DIS
cussED by TAYLOR

The political issues OF the campaign
were splendidly presented Tuesday
night by Congressman Taylor, who
spoke at the court house. The meet
ing was largely impromptu, but. quite
. number Of those interested were out
to hear Mr.. Taylor expound the princi-
pies Of democracy.
Six years Of democratic control Of
congress has resulted in more con-
structive legislation than had been
placed On the statute books by Repub-
lieans IN fifty years. Such laws =
the graduated income tax, the federal
reserve bank, the farmers loan law,
and q host Of others, have been de-
manded for years, and all waited for
democratic ascendency. We fought
the greatest war Of history to Q sue
cessful conclusion, and 81 smelling
committees by the recent republican
congress have been able to pick but
few flaws in official conduct Of the
war. and now the Repoblieans want b
share AL the glory and refuse any
credit to the administration.
Republican speakers talk for hours
about laws which should be passed to
allay the political and economic unrest
and fail to mention that both houses
Of congress have been dominated by
their party for . year and . half. The
conspiracy by the senate oligarchy to
discredit Wilson and win this election
will rank With the most yeprehensible
and cruel calumnies Of history, Mr..
Taylor detailed many Of the faisehoods
and half that are being spread
broadcast. He praised Mr.. Cox Is .
forward looking statesman, while Har-
ding 10 the weak stool-pigeon Of the
senate oligarchy.
"No separate peace with Germany"
should be the battlecry Of those who
believe our two million boys went Ia
France to Join hands with honorable
and brave allies in great effort To
save civilization and forever down the
Hun.
Mr.. Taylor also devoted few words
to his own remarkable record IN Con-
gress, where for twelve years he has
steadily climbed the roll Of commit
tees, until he is now ranking member
Of both Public Lands and Irrigation
committees, the two powerful commit
tees Of most immediate importance Ia
the West. II . democratic congress ID
elected he will be chairman Of both
committees. Not in ten years could
. green congressman, II one were elec-
ted, hope 70 achieve the position Of IN
fiuence, or be able to do ~ much for
his constitutents ~ congreGannAn
like Taylor, who. has served long and
faithfully and knows the ms and outs
Of congressional procedure.
Mr.. Taylor left wednesday sfter-
noon for Sslida a1tsr spending The
day shaking hands with our folks He
also took an hour 70 speak to tie Nor
NAL and II. s. students On non-partisan
topics during the morning yof Wednes-
day. 500
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
SENSATIONAL BANK ROBBERY
AT HOTCHKISS THIS MORNING

A report Is out to the effect that one
the Hotchkiss banks was robbed early
this morning between the hours Of
three and four. The robbery was com
mitted BY three men in . large car.
$500 in bonds and s11 600 in gold
was the amount Of the loot. This is
the second bank in Colorado to suffer
from robberies during the past week.
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15

e1nisea Esllks Invited T. RewdmAsen
. 10 pupils md teacher Of PoWdss-
- hchool cordially invite you 70 :
na4eween eeeial end danee 70 ~
11kl1y 0v6gkpGt 0etobor ~ Every.
= - = = s Z: "a. ss.s - 3 n
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15

wketker c9hsr con1musl1iss wili dan
. entxust IL eAfld1ea - the care a
til tbNn. Ii fAet, evexything thAi
efvoo ~ the hoDe q rcospexfng ~
- = ~ f11Nles deDsnds upoa IN
49, VAo e., Wfll enDs1r the qnos-
tion s1aood fn thie e. nten4ioas
sA,r,y 6sdlrr.
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
KiA Wassa Rssnlng

KiA wassa Runnlng
4 Truck i ~ Eunnine betvesa Con-
yhieA gl&AesB yp he ehiIdEsa alsag
~ TenieAi val1sy and brings tAem
int Gunnisoa II order that tkey may
aftend school. The truck II drivea BY
Bud Andrews. This makes Il possible
Tor tie ehildrea 70 attsnd the city
eeAeols who're they will receive faz
.etter training thar they could It the
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
&C MewlLLIAMs

% ssis.py E The shSes sf t tcr the postSS o County Clerk
Here Al .nd title Are r.sord o this oic: ns q and on
are made Mr. AWlm fair y a courtsous and quick
vantage . -' - = -
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
GEORGE SULLIVAN AND CLARENCE MCDONALD FOR c0rMry

By Tie droc,,tie n.yt
IT. candidate
t4 vsfsFe GunnisO9 county Both have had ample
good roads snd for f dcvsepment
sed 9 tie town council the school bossd md TIE
onsted in four years Of Office hs devotion to The pso
to bear second which be certainly
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
PAT HANLoN ron COUNTY SHERIFF

Pat has made feae.. and popular sheriff Of
nay Of
never takes sides Whn other
Pat Hanlon for Sheriff. =. - " 's'' NS'
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
PAULINE K. ROSE

ssher cf experience Gunnon pluck &C.
qu splendid edacaion and the ability
peene U the lower grade has fitted her position
High
Rose should be the choice
In the educahon Of the young s
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
II. s. Trims Nernal.

Wednesday evening there was Q
great deal Of excitement naaong ths
Normal and High School students.
The High School football team had
challenged the Normal team for Q
game and was accepted The whole
school turned out for the game which
took place that evening altar school.
In spite Of the fact that the Normal
played \ very hard game, the score
vas 36 to . IN favor Of the High
School.
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
J. n. MeDOUCAL

Dsso.ss nominee for eossy !. able and sxpsend
sooy S sod pSSsss We s.nt man for Judge who vim com
versy who viii keep straight the important ate adjustment
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
JAMES =. ROBINSON FOR ASSESSOR

The Deocrstc % party s candidate for
fSrnan Of his difficult task He will be fearless fair
property Robinson will receive lots
Of the republican ~ - -
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
Pretty Psssy = Lsveea

wetnssday svsainq ths L. vsta
hced vas tie $500 q . marry party
eiveA ~ Ars Z. Horrisen IN koeor of
~ nisce and husband, Mr. and Mrs.
Grace Of Omaha Ths eatiro Negmal
faculty was present and many Of tie
tewnspeople. Dancing was the diver
sion. During the evening. Miss Fire
baugh entertained with two musical
monologues, which were much enjoyed
by Ill. Miss Hatch also contributed r.
tie eyeniag's pleasure by rendering
two songs in her charming manner.
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
THE LEGISLATIVE TICKET

unusua inter STATE
Gunnon County A. G. Deo Charity H.
send to make our to Gu.ns County the important pubhc
appropriations for
roads and for beneficial but radical
platform. y
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
J. b. ROBINSON

you get into dispute line boundary falls county
ton indeed repbcans seneray pretty sody for Jaf Robn
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
N. 3. HERi;sCK

The Democratic County Gunnn boy born
and raised His ability years expeenee 60
pialy at him for the position
We are confident Of his ability fill the
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
lev Railreal sspesi.se.aeas

New RailrsaA SspesinseaAeat
c. Z. Leverieh Who has beea super
intendent Of the Grand Junction ines.
Is promoted to superintendent Of tn
third division and took charge this
morning. Supt- Wilcox has been
transferred to other service on the
Rio Grande, out Of Denver.
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15

Claude Smith returned to Gunnison
Wednesday,. For the past two weeks
he has been running an evaporator in
Pueblo.
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
SaGers Paralytie Ssrske

Suffers Paralytie Ssrske
Willis AcGloehlen. who suffered .
severe attack Of paralysis receatly anA
was brought down from Gothic Friday
to the eounty hospital. l. now mnch
better. He has improved sufficiently
to be removed to his resiAsnce o. Colo
RADIO Ave. Mrs NcGlothlin and child
ren have come down fram Gothic for
the winter.
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
DIR. F. P. HANSON

Our candidate for Coroner lust thu
ne g which coroner is suddenly called to handle
voters and asks you to vote democratic" straight
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
DEMOCRATIC COUNTY TICKET
PRESENTS WORTHY CANDIDATES
Place an K After Each Name
JOHN = UARLESwoRTM

Major terney,
.
in the best possible
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15

Next Tuesd.y g reelstrasion as.
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15

g .s|E e
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15

0A1G{3 D16EEY.
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
Line.un
Lu2
O9bciaIs

TAlbot-Referee
G1rdner-unzpine
-OLeary and Supt.
Gunnison news-champion., 1920-10-15
Nobos

es :! !! ~ . 1lvel
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
ATTORNEY IS
 REBUkED

MONTESANO, Feb, IT, Twenty one witnesses have been examined dpl nearly all have testified in the ma,s
 acre casa regarding the shooting m Armjsticc day by the Wobblies. The shooting certcrs around the ArH 'id Hotel and Seminary Hill. Two of tn witnesses wore the uniforms they woro in France. They were partlc'~
 nants in the parade and ran from the scene when tho rain of bullets was on. When these witnesses went on the stand. the uniforms brought objections from George Vaudervoer, the wobbiirS attorney. State attorney Abel told inc witnesses not to wear their uniforms, if recalled again to the stand, as thc% were d;stastcful. The Defense counsel was severely rCbuked for this state mcnt by the Judge who said the uni form of an American soldier was rcv- CT distasteful It has been decided that the court and jury, also attorneys wiH po to Centralia to view the scene Of the shooting, sometime late this week
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17

The present oil excitement in thj' vicinity, with Seward as the centeH from which stampeders for oil land To- cations branch out from, is just th' continuation of years of watchful wait ing for location on oil producing ground.
 For years it has been known that oil has been flowing into the Pact 9 ocean from many coast points to the westward. Cold Bay, lllimani and oth CT places have for years been prospect. ed thoroughly and oil has been found, just the same as at Katalla.
 The passing of the oil land leasing bill by Congress has now furnished Jh" opportunity for hundreds to seek o@t their locations and make filings.
 While Cold Bay and Illimani seem to be the parts to the westward wh"r' many are bound for, and who w''l leave on the Admiral Watson, others are going to other parts of the coast
 Out in the Pacific ocean, somewher" off the coast, is a vessel with locators
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
)IL FLOWING FROM COAST
 INTO SEA

aboard. This vessel is equipped wt.h wireless ana when the President sign, the oil land leasing bill, those aboard will be notified through air. Juss where this boat is bound for, or who are back of the locations to be mad ?, is not known in Seward. Oil has been socpng out from so many points along the coast that there is amp territory for al in the present stam pcde to make locations.
 Locally, the situation is just as OK. citing. Last spring and summer soy ora' prominent oil men were in Sew ard and otAc. parts of Kcnai PcninSJ- la. The oil indications were so pro. nonnced that the members of the Chamber of Commerce and others employed E. H. Mathis, consulting engineer, who was here with oil mon, to make a thorough investigation Of this region.
 Mr. Mathis spent several weeks making his examinations and then prepared concise report. So positive was facts revealed in this report that during the past few months, during which time the oil land leasing bill was before congress, over 100 copies of this report have been sent out :o interested parties who not only wro.' but wired for copies. Cablegrams haze been received here during the past few days asking for more particulars and these have been answered, with aS surances given for three different companies that they would have men on the ground shortly, or that mon were now on the way north.
 Consulting Engineer Mathis went thoroughly into the geology of the oil hearing lands; gave facts as to his eE- pcriments in finding gas and oil, for nations of the lowlands, and the rocks of this area.
 After making his deductions, as the result of drilling, etc, MT. Mathis went into the commercial possibilities and facilities.
 So insistent has been the demand for more copies of this report, that the secretary of the Chamber of Com merce is now preparing 1000 mora copies for general circulation along the Pacific coast and east.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
POLITICAL. ROOMS ARE
 DYING OUT

SEATTLE, Feb, IT. A special 70 the Times from Washington says the Hoover and Wood boomS arc waning and Lowden and Harding are coming to the front.
 Hoover's boom is waning because lc shows little interest in the campaion. Hoover seems interested in everything but politics and is apparently sincere whcn he says he is not candidate,
 The Wood boom is badly managed and is dying a natural death.
 Many political writers, according 70 the Times dispatch, believe no candl- date will go to Chicago with the no- imitation assured.
 Several political writers believe Vice President Marshall would like to lead the Democrats.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
BANK ROBBERS
 OPERATE UNDER
 A NEW PRETEXT

COLONGE. Feb IT. Bank robe ycrs have been operating in part, of Germany recently under tn, plct.Ny that they were collecting money for thr Allies for damages caused by tA, German army during the war.
 In one instance, according to stories published in the German ncwspape.% a man in the uniform of a Belgian captain and accompanied by five guards and six Belgian soldiers, cn- tered the bank of Probst and Company in Aacheu a few days ago, saying he as seeking stolen money. The ma" showed papers pwporting to hay" been stamped by the Belgian Minister of Justice and insisted upon making search of the banks vaults ito dc- tcrmine whether the institution he'd any coin stolen in Belgium in 1915.
 The man dismissed the entire force of clerks and then directed the ow0or, Probst. to open the vaults. AftcrNa"t | the man locked ProbSt in his puvay2 office and helped himself to abort a7O.OOO marks and 75,OOO Belgian francs.
 Probst. reported the affair to the authorities The robber was arrested and the money recovered.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17

ST. PAUL, Feb, IT. Railroad cir. clcS are today forcasting a merge" rf the Great Northern, Northern Pacific and Burlington Railroads into ono great transcontincntal system %ftr the government control is reIinQu;&h- cd The merger is understood to Ge planned along the lines conceived hy the late James J. Hill.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
HAS
 8 PLANKS

CLEVELAND, Feb, IT. William Jennings Bryan, in an interview here states he wants eight certain plaal,s incorporated in the Democratic plat, form as follows;
 First Endorsement of the WiI,oN administration.
 Second Prohibition.
 Third Woman's suffrage.
 Fourth-Opposition to enforce mi tary training.
 Fifth Opposition to profiteeyine Sixth Taxation.
 Seventh Labor problems.
 Eight Public ownership.
 Bryan predicted the elimination c the soldier candidate for President.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
HIT BY BLIZZARD;
 YOUNG MAN IS DEAD

DEBLIN, N. H., Feb, IT. Charles McVeagh, junior graduate student at Princeton. son of the counsel for the United States Steel corporation, died today from exposure on Mount Mona dock during an attempted snow shoe t,ip to the summit. McVeagh was ac~ companed by Charles Reynders, Har- vard senior. The two were hit by a blizzard and both being thinly dressed, McVeagh succumbed. Reynders vas found nearly dead.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
ENGLAND FACES DEFICIT

LONDON, A deficit of 429, 729,OeO hounds in British government finances was shown for the first nine months of the current fiscal year ending March 3l next. The excheQuer retlrLs show a total revenue of 696,252,000 pounds. The expenditure, however, was 1I25.9Sl ,OOO pounds.
 The deficit was covered by pcrm", nent borrowing
 The Chancellor'S estimated revenue for the year is 1,2O1 100000 pounds. The estimated revenue for the year 's 1 l.6lO, ,494 900 pounds.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
BIG VOTE TODAY IN
 SEAT TIE.

SEATTLE, Feb, IT. The large Department stores opened an hour late this morning so that the employ ees could vote at the primaries for c'ty officers. It is expected that nearly 100000 will vote at the primaries be- ing held today. Some bettors are Of fering odds that James Duncan, I@- bor's candidate, and a pronounced Ra- dical. will nun first for Mayor at the primaries.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
DISCOURAGE EMIGRATION

SYDNEY, Australia, Feb, IT. The Japanese are now discouraginE emigration to America and Brazil, ac- cording to rR. YamaShina, vice-praSi- dent of the Tokio Chamber of Com merce. "We are now a manufacturiNg nation" he explained, while on viS.t to Sydney. "and we do not want our people Co emigrate. There will not b." much of t in the near future
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
ALASKAN MINER WHO IS
 SUPPOSED TO BE DEAD IS
 VERY MUCH REAL LIVE MAN

SEATTLE, Feb, IT, Just as the friends of Jens Nelson, Alaska miner were arranging to administer his es- tate and send his banked money to hi9 mother in Denmark, they received a letter from him today saying he was alive and coming here. Nelson hal S52OO in a bank here which has rot been touched for two years and as no word had been received from him, he was supposed to have died.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17

SEATTLE. ".b, r. A Sn"'a' this afternoon fIom Washington, D, C.. to the Scau'o T.m,s S"vs Gov"r"o" Thomas Rjg-s. Jr. Delegate Gsoug' Gigsby and others, have concm'co that v&,,ss s..es >~. .@,'s ~ .,-..- .. salmon fishing iu Alaska, that Ta'1- able food reserve will ho totollrd ... ~trovcd Unless tho industry iS rr. Strictcd and protected $So,ooO,OOo ''- vested in the carrcrics will be w.r.' out.
 It is understood g bin Co pr,r";
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
.t.... ..tr t"E''
OIL LAND ROYALTY

WASHINGTON, Feb, IT. 1ha Oil land leasing bill was sent lo President Wilson on February H. th for his signature. 1t is expect ed the bill will be signed within day or two. The bill wiiI open forty four million acres of gov ernmcnt coal land and eight mil. lion known acres oi oil land. The bill specifics the minimum roya': ..ls 10 be determined b. compeu. tive bidding for oil lands. A maxi mum of 32OO acres may be IeaS- cd at minimum royalty of twelve and one half per cent.
 s.rss svFt'f FE't'
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
II. (. l.. Causes Strikes.

BUENOS AIRES, Feb, IT. ArgNr- tina has been the scene of numerous strikes in the past few months. ln general these are attributed to the bich cost of living, particularly pro. hibitive rents for poor families. Ore economist declares that wages her arc 66 percent higher than in England while the cost of living is & percent greater.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
WILL. PROJECI ALASKA FISH

fishing in certain seasons of the y"W w:l b, shortly introduced in Congrc.~.. The bin will provide for additional taxation Co raise money to bc used C. conserve the industry.
 Stream fishing will be abolished anu tn, fisheries will hr governed b. commission, selected from the Dcnn"J mont of fisheries and the government of the territory of Alaska. 1t iS said tnr hi!l will hc opposed by the DcpArt- mant of Fisheries and residents ot Alaska where fishing will be restrict
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
RADICALISM NOT MENACE
 ANY LONGER

SEATTLE, Feb, IT. William J. Flynn, director of the Bureau of the Investigation bureau of the Depart ment of Justice, and former secret service chief, has arrived here on ] national tour conferring with Depart ment of Justice officials. He said to- day that he thought Bolsheviki and other radicaliSms had ceased to be a menace in America.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17

SEATTLE, Feb, IT. The Triple Alliance state convention in session here is to adopt constitution provid- ing for organizations in every country An active campaign is to be pushed for the election of farmers, unionlSts and railwaymen, all of whom are af- filiated with the Triple Alliance.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
MARSHALL IS CANDIDATE
 FOR THE BIG CONVENTION

WASHINGTON, Feb., IT. Vice. President Marshall, in letter to E.. G. Hoffman, secretary of the Democratic National Committee, announces his candidacy as delegate at large from Indiana to the San Francisco conven- tion on Gan old time Democratic plat form"
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17

BERLIN. Feb. IT. Not we, but our happy grandchildren will see the Prussian Eagle flying again in 5ne sky" declares a resolution passed at a meeting of German officers in tavot of the monarchy,
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
.) BIG ]. JOB

to become an executive of the to companies at salary of S5O,OOo a year Lanes offices will be in New York and he is to be the legal adv.s- or and vice President.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17
FISH QUOTATIONS

SEATTLE, Feb, IT. Halibut iS ouoted at fifteen and one half cents. picLlcd fish remain the same as or December 22nd and these sale prices will prevail until about July 1st.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17

BAUFORT, x. C., Feb, IT. Tn coast guard cutter Itasca is reported 100 miles out towing a disabled steam CT in, the name not given.
 An unidentified schooner is repo t. ed sinking thirty miles southeast of the Cape Lookout lightship.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17

INDIANAPOLIS, Feb, IT. D. Harry Barnard, former state food &d- ministrator, says petitions are being circulated throughout the state io place Hoover's name on the President ial ballot at the primaries.
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17

LOS ANGELES, Feb, IT. V. l.. Dohcncy, President of the Pan-Amer.- can Petroleum & Transport Company, says Secretary of the Interior Ian" s
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1920-02-17

BOSTON. Feb, IT. The Shipping Boards Red Mountain is disabled anI adrft in a heavy gale 1000 miles east of New York. The Boards steamer Elmsport is going to her assistance.