The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-15

he constructed before the drilling of a
 well can start. The average height of the
 standard derrick is thirty-fiye feet. This
 great height is necessary on account of
 the length of the tools which must be
 lowered into and hoisted out of the wells.
 The average height of the Rotary Rig derrick is seventy-five feet to permit to hoisting frequently of long lengths of
 drill pipe
 Rig-The derrick and all that goes with it. the drilling apparatus.
 i Star Rig--Movable drilling machine used for shallow and medium shallow
 wells-500 to 800 feet.
 ! Drilling Tools-The steel bit about six | feet long, the steel stem about thirty | feet long and the steel jars about six l feet long, which are all firmly fastened | together and attached to the end of the
 drilling cable. The combined weight of
 these tools is from 4Oo0 to 5000 pounds,
 depending upon the length and diameter
 of the stem.
 i Bailer-This is long bucket, usually
 about thirty feet long and from five to | eight inches in diameter. It is used in bailing water and gravel produced by the | drill. The bailer has a false bottom, which is raised when it touches the bot | tom of the well, allows the baller to fill up with water, sand and gravel and im- modiately closes when the bailer is lifted. | This mud, water and sand Is emptied into
 a pond or slush-pit at the side of the rig or derrick. The small particles of sand or gravel which come up to the baiier are carefully examined by the drilier, who 1 keeps an exact record of the formation found at every foot of the wells depth. Casing-Twcnty- joints of steel pipe which is used to case out water and pre- | vent caving of the wells drilling. This casing is used in all sizes from twenty inches down to four inches diameter. | The twenty-foot joints are fastened to- gether as they are lowered into the we'll Casing begins from the top of the ground and each time string of casing i goes into the well the size of the drill | bit must be reduced, to go inside of the casing. Each string of casing must start | from the top of. the well. From three to | a half dozen or more different sizes. of casing are used in each welcome string | inside of the other. About 3,O01 feet of casing is necessary to properly case an average well of 2,009 feet depth If the well is a producer the inside string of casing is left in the we'll and the other casing removed. If the well is a non producer all of the easing is lifted out of the well and used again.
 1 Bonus Money-If a land owner has a piece of land in a location highly ap- proved by geologists or close to produc- | ing oil wells. he requires the lessee to l pay n1fIl, III duuillOH lO Ollt-CiSiilh iOSd l ty, a bonus of from sl to as high as several thousand dollars per acre for the privilege of securing the lease. This bonus money usually gives the lessee one year in which to begin drilling on the land. If the drilling is not started with l in the specified time the lease is to be cancelled or rentals are to be paid at the rate of $1 or more per acre per annum. Assignment-The legal instrument which is issued when the lease owners trans 1 fer to an individual or corporation all or nart ownerehip ir any lease.
 Produtton-The term used in designat- ing land on which there are producing oil wells. When production or producing wells are disposed of, they are usually sold on the basis of the average total sally production of all of the wells pro- ducing oil on the lease Tn referring to 2 given well Or lease as having lch a~1 such production reference is made at the daily production.
 Settled Production-The average total daily production from all of the wells on
 any oil lease where the wells have been producing for four months to a year or more. A ten-day guage for all the wells on the property is usually taken in erder to determine the actual average settled production per day so as to arrive at settlement price. At this time settled pro- | duction is, selling for as much as S2,5oo 1 per barrel; that s. lease of ten acres 1 or more showing an average daily pro- ] duction of 100 barrels from one more
 wells, after ten-day guage, would bring
 cash price of $25000J in some fields, in
 others $150,oO0
 l Flush Produetion-@Flush production | means the early first productiou--the maximum production. This usually set l ties down to about one tenth in the or dnary we'll To illustrate: A well that | was "shot" and brought in with 250) barrel flush production will usually. in
 most cases, settle down in a matter of 1 thirty days to sixty days to about 500
 barrels per day, settled production.F | Initial Production-The, amount of oil | produced by we'll during the first twenty-four hours after it has been | drilled in.
 | Value of an Oil well--A producing oil | we'll sells on the basis of about s2,000 | per day, settled production--som claim 1 $500 per day. For example: If one owned "a well, with a settled production 1 of 1000 barrels per day, one should be Able to sell same for approximately 1 $2, COG 900 to $2. .500.000.
 | Life of an oil Well-No man can tell positively how long given well will produce a given production. Old oil men usually say that a fair production will be kept up for ten years. Usually wells
 of a gusher character, with big produc- tion, gradually slaclSen off. There are many wells in Texas that have been producing for fifteen years or more First Oil Well-The first oil we'll in
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