The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1920-08-13


than frequently is the case in regions
where the crop is barreled will permit
the growers to realize a greater re-
turn for their labor, will reduce the
waste that comes In careless han
ding and will bring q better pro-
duct to the consumer, according to
recommendations Of the United States
department of agriculture. The apples
grown In a great majority Of the
states are shipped in barrels.
A large amount Of barreled fruit
reaching the market each season Is
| seriously impaired In quality by being
picked at the wrong stage Of maturity,
either too early or too late. The grow
er must realize that fruit is not ready
| to be picked WREN 1t clings to the
spurs so tightly that the spurs are
pulled out or broken. Furthermore, the
| color of fruit which eventually turns
red is not always a reliable index, be-
cause of differences In prevailing
weather In different seasons. Wheth-
| er or not the red color develops nor
mally, reliable Indication of maturity
| Is a ground color which, when the
| fruit Is ready for picking, should be
| turning from clear green to whltlsh
or greenish yellow. Yellow, green,
and russell varieties of apples are gen
orally ready to pick when they have
attained the proper size and the stems
separate readily from the spurs.
| n;sL<;nz II+ansiIs Used
| Annie growers use a variety Of pick
| ing utensils, some of which are given
special approval. 1t IS generally ad-
vantageous in removing the crop, TO
use both sacks and round half-bushel
baskets, as the latter are especially
convenient for gathering fruit near
the ground, while the sacks can be
used best when the picker stands up
right. In using sacks, special care
must be taken to avoid brulslng the
fruit. In emptying either the basket
or the sack, the apples must not be
dropped. If a basket is used. 1t should
be lowered to the bottom of the lug DoX
or other receptacle and inverted gen.
+1v One type Of sack is constructed
with drop bottom, so that the fruit
can be emptied without bruising.
Efficiency in picking depends con-
sfderably on the use of ladders or the
proper type Several varieties are
commonly employed. Stepladders are
especially satisfactory when working
IN small trees and when picking from
the lower branches of larger trees.
Where the crop Is packed over ia
bles that are moved about the orchard
the fruit Is usually carried in the
picking utensil to the packing table.
While this is commonly done by the
pickers, such practice should be
avoided. Certain members of the crew
should be assigned as carriers and
thew should also furnish. the ptckers
with empty receptacles.
In small orchards when weather IS
favorable, apples are usually packed
in the open, portable equipment being
used: but In large orchards and In
sections where the weather Is gen.
orally unfavorable, the fruit Is often
hacked in central houses, tents, or
sheds. The use of packing houses
has largely increased in recent years.
and is regarded as favorable de-
velopment in the apple-raising indus
trv. These houses are to be found
IN both large and small orchards.
They afford shelter for the accumula-
ton of unpacked fruit, which can be
handled further without interruption
due TO unfavorable weather. They al
So prevent damage to equipment ana
nackages because Of rain or snow.
Where there is adequate shelter there
IS a better opportunity for installing
sizing machinery and other labor-saV'
ing devices. In small orchards, when
climatic conditions are especially IA
vorable II may be advisable to pack
in the orchards. but In most instances
some sort of shelter will insure bet
ter results
Types Of Sorting Tables.
The apron table and the canvas OF
burIap sorting table are used almost
exclusively where the fruit Is graded
in the orchard and they are also used
IN n large extent in packing houses
Tho aprop table, or variation of this
TYNE. is commonly employed and has
a he'd which is Slated so that the
trash falls through. Being inclined
the fruit as It is graded rolls to the
ro,,,or nnd where on opening a stop