Norwich bulletin., 1920-01-24

It opens to t0e ear what the mi croscope has given to the eye-flew regions of research in numerous and diversified fields, from physiology, for heart, beats and breath sounds-to chemistry, where some even predict that we shall some day hear the E collision of individual, atoms with one another. ssat
 ..Bys actual trial over cable circuits approximately 1000 miles in length, it has been found that as many as thir- ty of these audien amplifiersi can be connected in tandem and produce ex- cenent speech at the receiving end
 of the line. A well-known telephone engineer is authority for the state i
 nent that computation shows the at
 tenuation of cable, circuit of this 1 length to be so enormous that; if all
 the power received on the earth from the sun could be applied in the form
 of telephone waves to one end of the | line without destruction of the appa- | ratus, the energy received at the Oth- i CT end would be insufficient to pro- duce audible speech without the use of ampliiers, whereas with thirty am- p1ifiers used in tandem, the relative
 ly minute energy of ordinary tele- phone speech currents at the trans
 hitting end produced speech in the ICCc1NClt c1tass l11C eOPPOS4L5 CI0 wNl14C11i was both loud and clear, the arnpli-
 dcation due to such tandem arrange
 ment of tubes being of the order of ten to the fiftieth power.
 General (then captain) George O.. Squier in 1910 carried out certain ex periments which are destined to be- fcop1e classic as the new art of wired 1 wireless attains the important com 1 mercial proportions to which it is unquestionab ply destined. He, for. the
 first time, used constant reliable source of undamped electric currents
 of high frequency for the transmitter, land an audion detector between each
 turned receiving circuit and it's tel i ephone receiver. By this combina ton
 multiplex telephony became at once I a realized fact. Ns @
 'But so long as high-frequeney al- l ternator was required at each trans hitter station the wired wireless idea could not become commercialized. Its first cost, the size and weight of it with its motor, it's adelicacy of speed l 1regulation, it's limitation to releative- 1 ly low frequencies, all made this i'm
 possible. So. again an important de-
 velopment was compelled, to await the
 advent of the oscillating audion.
 Supplied from a common flament- lighting battery, common .B' bat tery or direct current generator, any !! desired number of tiny alternating current generators (osci1lating audi
 ons), each driving it's own easily l turned circuit can now be assembled in a small central station. The grid l of each oscillator is voice controlled i from it's local telephone circuit and, as trains superimposed upon a. single trunk line pair it may be feasible to | use without interferences between the modulated frequencies of the sev-
 eral conversations. rs trz-t A Taken together, the improvement lat both ends of the span, the use of l-undamped wave transnlitters and the audion detector- and amplifier have made possible the use of smaller an- tennae at transmitting stations, and have almost removed the necessity for
 any atenna at all at receiving. sta tions. For example, under reasonable I weather conditions, it is quite easy i to listen to the messages coming from lstations on the. other side of the At
 lantic by using a receiving circuit of which the receptive element is a
 small coil of wire, three or four feet squire. Thus, so far as receiving g f goes, it is possible to intercept virtu- ally all the great stations on half of the globe by means of apparatus contained wholly in one room, or even
 in a cupboard.
 This does not mean that the use
 of antenna for reception is abolished; :; on the. contrary, when these highly
 magnifying methods are put into op- eration with large antenna for the purpose of reception, the range over I which signals can be received is -ex- ' 1 landed xyaryr fo1-N hayoDd C ! in 1913, and, in consequence, it is possi ble, under reasonably good , weather conditions, to receive at the AntipodeS the signals from a modern high power station. In accomplishing this the magnifieations in use amount to several hundred thousand fold ? All this is the work of a thing which looks like an ordinary. electric Hght bulb with a few extra pieces of meta Sin it-the three electrode tube.
 But more than this. Signaling by |. conductien currents of relatively low I frequency will soon be practiced 3 through the earth as well as water; and we will find the antennae of the future thrust upside down, deep into } abandoned on-well borings, and mak- ! ! ling contact with deep semi-conducting ] strata, at points separated by a few miles; the two inverted intenna o such a transmitter connected by al overhead power transmission line con
 taining the alternating current gen t orator and signaling device, and t y similar arrangement for receiving l. Then our wireless messages will g s through the earth's crust, or possibl! Q by more direct path, and 10 n around the earth's surface. to b y tangled up as at present with l be d wildering snarl of static rayelings. - "The future of radio signaling a # sea lies with the telephone rather $ than the telegraph. The simplicity s the reliability with which the medium If of an undamped wave carrier, ideall = suited for the voice transmission, ca : now be had will rapidly limit tn il erudities and laboriousness of tn n Morse code signalling between ship Il Yet today scarcely the dawn of thi n new epoch has been seen. Vesst T. owners are today almost as slleptics 'r regarding the practicability and util a ity of the radiophone as we pioneer
 found them toward the wireless tele 5 graph.
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