The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1920-01-22

ing nerd anu nursing calves. At the
present time the corn belt is the re-
sion best adapted to this system, al
thoos 1t is prncticed in u limited way
in other sections. The dual-purpose
system is followed extensively in
many semi-dalry districts. According
10 this plan all the cows are MIXED
ana the calves are raised on skim
milk and supplemental feeds. Often
the dual-purpose idea resolves itself
lhto trying to make dairy animals out
OF a strictly beef breed. Dual-pur-
pose calves, rs n rule, do not possess
the beef-type characteristics Of strictly
Deef-bred calves, but when they are
grown out" and fattencd properly
they make very satisfactory beef.
Cut Feed Costs to Limit.
When feeds are high in price the
use of cheap rations is especially de-
sirable for the maintenance of the
breeding herd. Cows raised for the
production of calves only can be fed
very chcaply on silage and dry rough
ages, combined with n small quantity
or protein-rich concentrates, although
10y the substitution Of leguminous hays
the costly concentrates may be omitted.
Dual-purpose cows kept for dairy
products as well as calves should re-
ceive feeds nearly identical with those
provided for dairy cows. AS far as
possible, homegrown feeds should
be utilized, although it Is almost es-
%sential that considerable amounts OF
purchased concentrates be provided.
Cows that are MIXED should receive
l pound of concentrate for every 3 to
4 pounds Of milk produced. depend
ing upon the fat content of the milk.
In the South, where velvet beans
may be grown, this crop when planted
with corn affords excellent %pasturage
been gathered. Throughout the drought
exposed areas Of the West it Is I'M
usual to a v emergency supplies OF
feed. and as a result during the
drought any cattle owners are
Obliged to utilize the native range
plants such as soapwecd, sotol. pear
grass. and prickly pear. These plants.
ONH UP Scikc ~ SUSTAIN Nv !
of cattle where each mature animal re-
ceives from 20 to % pounds a day.
When from | to . pounds of ~cOttOnseed
cake is supplied as a supplement to
the chopped feed a fairly good ration
is provided.
In the scmiarid region of the South
west. sorghum plants provide excel
lent silngc. while in the range Sec
tons of the middle West it is essen
tai to set aside considerable hay as
emergency feed. During severe win
tiers animals that are especially thin
and weak should be separated from
the rest of the herd and sheltered and
fed. Cheap shelter not only saves feed
but may save many cattle that would
die If left cxDoscd to wintry storms.
How to Feed Beef.
The farmers bulletin mentioned dis
cusses in detail the proper methods
Of feeding cattle in the various beef
producing sections in the United
States, and also presents Il wide va
riety of balanced rations suitable for
use in each of these beefsteak produc-
ing sections. 1t describes at some
length the popular methods of handling
yearling stockers. while it also empha-
sizes the value as s~cnvengers Of hogs.
yard mates Of fattening cattle. The
number Of hogs to use depends upon
the kind of cattle and the character
and quality Of the grain ration which
Is fed. Ordinarily n pig weighing
20 to so pounds to each three steers
is required. When supplemental feed
is provided the porkers, n lew more
may just as we'll he added, the chief
consideration being to utilize all waste
feed and to convert 1t into pork.