davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
INCREASE IN PURSES AT
! !: !: =" =. 4. HORSE RACES THIS FALL

III Louisville, KY, July 27.-Purses
totalling 100000 will be olstribut-
ed during the a. days Of racing In
Kentucky this fall, a big increase
over any previous season. The mini
mum purse at. Lexington will be
$1,000, at Louisville 81, 200 and at
Latonia $780,. III !, .ztis}l 80 u -.
At Lexington there will be stakes
with a combined value Of $500, and
these with the overnight races will
total $4,000 to be awarded horse
men. Eight stakes are carded for
the Latonia meet and their total
value will be $4,000. Overnight
races will swell the total of the meet
to $339,5OO. Churchill Downs,
Louisville, will provide :, $4,000.
These figures include four stakes with
a combined value of $4,000 and 9TH
er races calling for distribution of
$4,000. y, q ..y4 -. il,
Last fall the total purse money at
the three tracks was $338,60O.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27

South. America. They then went to
Paris and from there to the United
States. Tango Is a Latin word mean
ing, Il touch" and describes dance
OF bodily. contact. The tango was
forbidden in the Panama canal zone,
And this is the vile, rotten thing
which is now getting into our public
schools. it antagonizes the best In
terests of the youth. It is destructive
of health and wasteful Of the vital
forces. It makes no contribution to
the intellectual life, It violates the
conventions Of respectable society.
And Its tendencies are toward gross
immortality. The respectable, taxi
paying Christian parents of our land
should rise up and demand that no
more dances be held in connection
with the school life. ~ .,,s sosS AZ
~ To- YOU young people who are here
4 offer the salvation Of Jesus Christ
which alone can satisfy the 4 soul.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
TUEsDk EVENING. july n. 1s1o.

There Is no greater joy than the Joy
OF being saved. Ybu know 4 am tell
ing you the truth, and some Of YOU
would come down this aisle and test
is out for; yourselves were It not for
fear Of being laughed or sneered at
BY, some Of your associates. Y There
Isn't young man in this town worth
speaking to, and there isn't 3 young;
woman, worth noticing when you pass
her on the street, that will sheer 8'at
you IL you do what yOl think is right
The Bible never spoke truer than
when Isl said TT he fear Of man bring
est a snare. $ssFs $sS I, ~ 5s.; y III
AS a minister ofs righteousness. q
brother who wants You ito have the;
best for time and eternity, n ask you
to come forward tonight and take ~
stand for Christ and the salvation Of
your. soul. II you have the courage
don't wait for someone to come after.
you,3 come and give me your hand
now, III @iEf <.i t. - < fSg n
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27

church in regald xii sthe dahce, I
now want to say some hing about the
dance In our public schools. The
public school Is an institution belong.
ing to the community and supported
by public taxation. ut is intended to
prepare the pupil for useful and sue
cessful living. In the last few years,
however, If you were to judge the
schools by what you hear and read,
you would think they were public
dance halls or recruiting stations for
the theatrical stage l: u. 3 N sS}
i Those who defend the dance In the
public school tells US 1t Is . physical
exercise and very wholesome for the
pupil, No one can prove that the
dance as carried on indoors In Wit
lated atmosphere and accompanied
with certain drinks Is 4 wholesome
reception. Why is it that as q rule
the next day the participants are
gOod-for-nothing. Again they wouli
tell us that dancing is a form Of art
Fistic expressions. wonder what form
of artistic expression is found in the
Bunny hug" and "Grizzly bear" or
the "Fox Trot.''. But the most re-
diculous thing of all is when we are
told dancing Is splendid means OF
social intercourse. The truth Is, 1t
is rather substitute for the best
form of social intercourse 1t is pure.
ly emotional and so stimulates the:
senses that IT. is used as makeshist
in the absence OF intellectual. recour-
ces. That's why, as a rule, 1t Is the
last thing on the programme. You
don't bring any brains to dance. It is
the ,favorite amusemen in insane
asylums, and often the best dancers
in society are the most insipid, empty
headed persons, who take out at their
heels what they lack In their cram
The real peril of the dance les in
the fact that it alone claims license to
break down the barriers by which
protects the person of its
wOmanhood. It seems to be taken for:
granted that engraved invitations, an
orchestra and polished floor give q
man the right to take, woman or girl
in his arms and come into such bod
lily contact as would be tolerated no
where else in society. II he were to
do that in the city park in broad day.
light the policeman would arrest him.
. The modern tango dances origin
ated in the Sdisreputable quarters Of
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
NORTH DAK0TAHASLAW i
!, BARRING THE RED FLAG

!. Bismarck, N. d., July 27.-A law
prohibiting the display Of the Red
Flag in North Dakota was initiated
BY the people of the state by a ma
jority of 33,605 in the recent pri-
maries, the state canvassing board
announced late yesterday.
Other announcements by the board
included the following laws passed
by the present administration and
referred to the people for vote:
4 Absent voters law-For, 1929
against, 62,954. -,
Nc vs. State sheriff law--For, 47,758
against, 63, 720. -. ,g :.
The vote for state superintendent
Of instruction gave Miss Minnie Neil.
:Son. 84,804, against 74,225 for Miss
Ruth Johnson, Nonpartisan League
candidate. 80 80
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
THREE ATHLETES MAY 81 #t#|B sG;S
{ { - REPRESENT ':U,' OF IDAHO

~ Moscow, Idoho,; July 27.-Three
athletes may represent the University
of Idaho at the Antwerp Olympic
games. Two Idaho men, Pat Perrine
and Neil Irving, already have made
the American team by qualifying in
the pentathlon trials. A third Ida
no man, J. "A. ,('tBabe") Brown is
trying for place on the wrestling
team ,s2sss,,. 3. :, -f'2D> =. = f.. q
Brown, wrestling in the light
heavyweight class, won his bouts in
the recent. Olympic sectional meet at
5Partiand, Ore, and will represent the
west in his class in the final wrest-
fling trials in New York. }.e} pr
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
WILLS KNOCKS OUT FULTON
Il in THIRD ROUND LAST NIGHT

Newark, n, j., July ~. = Harry
1 Wills, negro heavyweight, knocked
out Fred Fulton in the third round OF
1 scheduled twelve-round bout here
/ last night. The knockout blow, a
right uppercut, came after two. min
utesy and .35 seconds Of fighting in the
second round. IN. \ s% -. 5xls i3:
e Wills victory Of Fulton places him
in line for q match with Jack Demp-
sey, heavyweight champion, unless
the latter draws the color line. 1t
was reported before the fight that
Dempsey would meet the winner. W
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
SOCIAL AND PERSONAL

q, i M, E. Chatfleld and wife of New
Haven, Conn.,, are in the city, Law.
ing driven in from the State Park.
They have been visiting friends In
Minneapolis; for some time and are
completing their vacation in the
Minnesota lake region. Mr.. .Chatfield
expressed his surprise at finding
xsRthern Minnesota SO level, having
expected to find, It very billy and
rocky. similar to the Lake Superior
district. as J, B. 4; t' *, ~ -.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
DANISH AMERICAN - ~ 49,, y.
!. ~ MEMORIAL ADVOCATED

7 The Danish press is advocating the
erection Of an American memorial to
commemorate the concept of the prin-
5eiple of self as applied
to Schleswig. The press is pointing
10 the fact that Jutland has its DAN
whh American park, where the Stars
and Stripes are unfurled on the
Fourth Of July, but that Copenhagen
has no distinctive , memorial 81
Americas contribution to Danish
ideals. .5rE 1. =. ~ .''-.t.' z ~
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
Cook Better An Easier Way

vary: You have no ''unlucky" days.
~ And too, you cook your whole meal
in the oven at one time. No firing
hours watching and stirring your
foods. Put your meal III the oven,
set the wheel-the leave ;the house
for an afternoon of recreation or shop
ping. You know just when your din
ner WIN De done. While you are gone
the "LoRAIN'' watches your cook
ing for you. 81 * Ss5ss ST.. .., ~ a.
+. This wonderful invention on the
CLARK JEWEL Range is now being
demonstrated here: Come in and
learn for yourself the marvellous ac-5
complishments and conver1iences the.
"LORAIN' brings to you. Also be
sure and get OUR FREE booklet, AN
Easier Days Work" Every woman
should have one. =, * ..:= ~; : Y .=
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
SWEDISH PROFESSOR TO
INVESTIGATE IMMIGRATION

i Professor Helgo Wilson, of the
university in Lund will come to the
United States. to investigate the
future possibilities for Swedish emf
grants. His investigation will be
made principally in the northwestern
states. ~, T. =
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
The following prices were being paid at
A. time of going to press Of today's Pioneer:
LIVE POULTRY.

Turkeys, 3 lbs. up q. ~. SOC
Turkeys, small and thine AZ value
Geese, IL lbs. and up, fatp. 16e
Ducks, tat ..... ..S.t.. 5.l.f. 11c
Hens, heavy. 4 lbs. and over. zoe
Hens, 5 lbs. UP, tat 80. 500 $50. zoe
Dressed poultry, &c per pound over
= live stock. :s M t+s sf: ~ ~,
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
HIDES
= az

y Deun "a form Of intOxication,
and ! = Incomes a craze with many
Young people as much as the opium
nfna and the wine cup does ~ men
ana women. can hardly hope 5tnat
everyone who hears me Eonis4, W.
q gree with me in what say. .sa hnow
how strong some Of y2u ll,. ;preJu aala,s
are, and = know that some "
have come, here saying, ia Snk ks "
see eWeigle convince me Stnat d LIS
thing is wrong" But on the DINER lssl
hand / know there. are some mere psaE
who will he true to their pette. ne.
ture. and who wish to 90 the VII y, -
Cod. and / believe can snow now tnen,
hv, facts that dancing Is wrong ana
that Is works disaster to MANI -
~, want&to say first that the cnuEcn
is apainststhe dance. Alf.the churches
= ave- declared against H. some
churches. because they are indepen;
dont IN government: have noson! 1s
dei,varance against it, but you Will
ana that the attitude. 81 It's spirit
:, 81 leaders is prononncea against ~.
'Tha Roman Catholic; the oldest q
81 .+ha chnrches, thru It's bishops as
sembled inscouncil at Baltimore, w..
~ ~ 'racord "a follows; we consider
orr duty to warn our people against
chose amusemerts which may easily
become to them an occasion OF SIN =
AGAINST those fashionable oances,
which as at present. carried on, arc
revolving to. every feeling OF idellcacy
and nropriety and are fraught VIII
the greatest danger to morals: !.
The Episcobal church, thru Bishop
Hopkins says, Dancing IS cnaIsoaD
with waste Of time, ana the 5pIs1huhsa =
t,.re Indictment OF passions, anu ~
Ingenuity can make 1t consistent. VIII ~
the covenant Of bapttsm BISHOP
Cox of the same church. says, me ne
dance is lascivious and those VINO per
sist in it should not presume to come
tozthe holy table" y. :" ~, Z.
The General Association of the
Congregational church Of the state ate, OF y
iowa. passed the following res sol
tion. but. a few years ago: a Resolved
that in the opinion OF this assOcfa-
ton, the practice of dancing by
members of our churches is inconsis-
tent with the profession OF religion
and ought to be made a subject Of:
discipline" s ; Il. y /
while leaving the matter OF dis
cipline to each CHURCH, the Presby-
terrain church in It's General assemb-
" has said, 1--WE regard the practice
OF ,promiscuous social dancing by:
church members as mournful In
consistency and the giving Of such
parties for such dancing on the$part
of the heads of families, as tending
to compromise their religious profes-
sion. and the sending.pf children. to
dancing schools by Christian par.
tents sad error in family discipline
The Methodist church In its disci-
pine has q rule, against dancing, 50
Ithat Methodist church member who
dances is deliberately, breaking the
| the rules Of the church.,
A dancing, card-playing church
member is detriment to the cause
l1of Christ. When you 70 joy-riding
with the devil you prevent the com
ling Of the kingdom Of God. Paul In
twriting to the Corinthian church,
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
BRITISH AND FRENCH HAVE
OPENED CONFERENCE TODAY
nv United Press.

.!-s.+ r(By United Press.) -,
Boulogne, July 27.-Conference of
British and French to consider the
Russian-P Polish situation, was opened
At 2 o'clock this afternoon. ~
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
SRI II L u NEWS il:
MONDAYS BASEBALL.

American Association.
y Louisville z, at T oledo a. (,
M American League. y
\ Boston 8, at New York 8. y,
\ Chicago s, at Detroit rs.
81 n, National \ League. :ssSnt
Pittsburgh 4, at Bro klyn 6.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
GRAIN AND HAY
VEGETABLES

beans, hand picked, navy, cwt.. $3.50
Potatoes, per cwt. ............$5.50
Beans, brown, cwt. ........ 4.6O
Rnttorfat .. COO
NJ. = clover, mixed 80. $500
Rye straw :. $3.50. $S.vv
Corn .... ...... $1.IO-$ I.0O,
No. Timothy hay .$2S.OOs
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27

lovely as your cooking is you
- want to cook better! OF course
you want to cook an easier way. Here
: is the way to do: both! T., 49, -. :: s
Get a cLARK JEWEL Gas Range
equipped with the '.LoRAIN'' Oven
Heat Regulator. With this wonder
full invention your cooking will AL
WAYS be delicious. Your regular
bakings will Sc beautifully perfect.
And your dinners cooked at one
time in the oven and watched BY
Il ORAIN" makes every afternoon
free. 9.%-, ,s = = u =..&s=% = -
: With, the FL DRAIN there is abso-
lutely no guesswork. You measure
your heat as exactly as you do your
flour and sugar. You set the wheel
at the proper temperature and the
heat never varies. Your results never
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-07-27
MEATS

Mutton, Id: -..... 80. I've
Pork, dressed .....,.;. l6c'
Veal =. ..... ....;.. ..s.1tc!
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-11-02
SEWAREN

Mr.. and Mrs. James Crossen and
daughter, Miss Margaret Crossen,
spent the week end in Philadelphia.
Miss Crossen attended the dance at
the Overlook Club Saturday night.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. c. Brown enter
tanned as their week end guests, Mrs.
NJ. IL. Mooney and Miss Hazel
Mooney, of Bayonne. and Mr.. and
Mrs. Jesse Root Grant of Innwood-
on-Hudson.
Mrs. Luke Mooney is entertaining
her mother and sister. Mrs. Pfiang
and Miss Dorothy Phang, of Fort
Worth, Texas, who returned from
abroad last Thursday.
Miss Irene Helwick of Irvington,
was the week end guest of Mr.. and
Mrs. Il. +. Zettlemoyer.
Mrs. +. v. b. Smith of Perth Am
boy, was the guest of Mr.. and Mrs.
A. +. SOfeld Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Lapp were the
week end guests of MI. and Mrs. +.
j.. Adams.
The History Club will meet with
Mrs. F G. Tisdall toforrow after
noon.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-11-02
KEYPCRT

The Parish Guild of st. Mary.
Episcopal church will hold a bazaI
IN the parish house. Saturday. The
ever popular Lady Bountiful' with
her MANY pockets in which are hid
den goodies for the children will be
present, and fancy and domestic ar
ticles as well as cake and candy, will
be for sale.
Mrs. Edward Cuttrell has return
ed home after having spent several
weeks as the cues. Of relatives in
Greenport, l.. l.
Charles S. jerks has been spend
ing several days in Massachusetts
where he is combining business with
pleasure.
The Senior class of the local high
school has completed plans for the
Harvest Dance TO be held in the
: high school auditorium November s..
: Excellent music has been secured FOR
the occasion and a pleasant evening
is assured all who ere fortunate
enough to be present.
Fora A. Morris. of Asbury Park a
former resident of the borough spent
the week enc with Mr.. and Mrs. B..
H. Huylar.
Miss Eva Grannis, of San Juan.
Porto Rico, spent the week end as
the guest of Mr.. and Mrs. Paul G..
zimmerman.
The musical service held In the
First Baptist church on Sunday af-
ernoo was well attended and
proved we'll worth attending. The
choir was assisted by Mrs. w. A.
) sweeney, of Red Bank, contralto,
who rendered solos and a duet with
Mrs. G.. NJ. Collins. Anthems by
the choir and quartets completed
the program.
The semi-annual sale of the Guild
n Ladies' Aid of the Reformed
church will be held on Thursday,
December ..
The Ladies' Aid Society of the
First Presbyterian church Is meet
ing with Mrs. Schwarz this after |
noon.
Miss Elsie Osborn has returned
after having spent q month with
Miss Lizzie Ravens, of Manasauan.
The Mems Club OF Calvary NJ. +.
church will meet Thursday night of
this week.
Rev. William Carhart made the
address al st. Johns NJ. f. church
Sunday evening.
Announcement has been made of
the engagement of Miss Aida Din
kelberg, daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-11-02
See Game ON Screen

NEW BRUNSWICK. Nov. Pic
lures will be taken at the Polo
Grounds this afternoon of the Ne
braska- Rutgers football game and
these pictures will be shown at the
Rivoli the same evening. Thirty-five
camera mcn will be engaged in max
ing the pictures and for the first
time the pictures will be shown the
same afternoon as taken.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-11-02
Ncighbors Make His World Brighter

COLUMBUS. Ind.-When Earl
Stitt. farmer. from an ILL
ness which has kept him confined to
his bed, the world will seem bright
to him. Neighbors cut the sugar
cane in a large field and then car
ried it to a sorghum mill where II
will be turned into molaSses without
cost to the sick man. They also cut
a supply of wood for the winter.
and cleaned up his crops, so now he
has nothing to worry about.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-11-02

Philip Dinkelberg, of Atlantic High
lands. to Harold Uhrig, son of Mr..
and Mrs. Julius Uhrig.
Mrs. Elmer l.. Morris has rented
her house on Osborn street to Paul
Ash and family. Mr.. Ash is an en-
ploye of the Aeromarine Company
and o resides near Fair Haven.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1920-11-02
For
Selling
Regular 1898 and S49S

Regular 1898 and $49S
velvet hats, in sailors. off
and other good
models; latest colors; unus
ual bargain at each :. SEA
Mems Grey Coat Styl(
Sweaters shawl collar; eac
S1.49.
Boys Grey Sweater; coat
style; each ........ S1.39
Mems Khaki Flannel
Shirts; attached collar and
two pockets; army style
each ................ SAL
Mems Fleece Lined Shirt
and Drawers; well worth
$1.98; garment ...... STAG
sc inch Bleached Muslin
Zoe quality; yd. ...... zoe
"a inch Bleached flannel
feecy on both sides; yd. 25c
Fine quality Long Cloth ;
full yard wide; yd. -. 29c
Dress Bingham and cham
bray, in plaids and plain col
ors sold at 39c yd yd. 200
Huck Towels, red striped
edges; each ........ 25c
Large size Table Cloths;
self corded border; regular
$3.50; each ......... S1.98
SO inch Percales in dark
and light grounds; sold at
39c; yard ............ 29c
Bath Towels; size 40 x 20
inches; pink and blue bro
caded border; each 49,. 69c
Blankets; size &c x SOL
plaid patterns; pair ..$3.98
Yard Wide Unbleached
Muslin value 29c; yard 18c
Turkish Towels; size "a K
II; blue double striped
edges; each ......... 800
Fine Crochet Bed Spreads;
three-quarter and full size;
So to So values; each
$1.39, $1.59 and $1.79
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-24
COOLIDGE ENDS
 SOUTHERN TOUR
Appeals for Support Because
 Republican Party Is Party of Lincoln
By Associated Press

Frederick, Md, October Ex-Governor Coolidge. republican candidate for Vice
 President, completed here tonight a weeks campaign in southern states with meeting in the state armory at which
 he appealed for support of the repuo- liean party because fits principles are
 those of Lincoln and it's traditions are those of Washington"
 | What our party wants he said. and
 what it proposes to have, is efficiency in a government operated on a stricter ac- cord with the spirit and letter of the constitution.1 He also declared for "the
 exclusion and abstention from any poi | cies of adventure. whether domestic or foreign, which are abhorrent to our tra- | dtion and menacing to our institutions
 and safety. . ] In a statement tonight, commenting upon the tour which carried him into Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland, Governor Coolidge said in part:
 We have found that political section
 alism in our country is near it's end. We
 have asked support for the republican
 party; we have asked this in something
 other than partisan spirit. We have
 made our appeal as Americans devoted l to constitutional government. We have
 met enthusiastic response everywhere.
 "The keen and deep resentment against
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-24

the un-American policies of the present administration surpassed anything in any other regions I have visited. In Richmond Va, we saw the mox i'm pressive political gathering in that city since the Civil war. The people of Rich mond, as in all other places we have stopped are determined to rebuke the ex- trsvagance and the inefficiency of the democratic party. They are determined to vote November in such a way as to guarantee the permanent independence of our country and to restore to it the American constitution" Rear platform speeches were made today by Governor Coolidge, Governor Lowden of Illinois and Job Hedges of>New York at Nir- ginia points in the Shenandoah Valley. and more extended speeches were gwen at an open-air rally at Martinsburg W. Va, and at two indoor gatherings at Hagerstown, Md
 Governor Coolidge will leave his spe- cial train at Washington Sunday morn ing and return immediately to Boston.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-24
PUT RELIANCE IN
 NEW COTTON PLAN
Character of Men Behind the Movement Has Inspired Con-
 fidence Among Farmers
Ky HUGH ". ROBERTS

l Washington, October 23.-(Special)- That such representative men as Robert L.. Maddox of Atlanta, former president l of the American Bankers Association, and Col T. o. smith, president of the
 Birmingham Trust and Savings Company, are leaders in the embryonic organza- ton to assist with a $12,0o0000 corporation the cotton farmers of the south. greatly encourages the national farmers council of this city to put it's dependence in the 1 proposition. a
 ] MT. Maddox and Colonel Smith, as well as the other tentative officers of the pro- posed organization, are enthusiastic, and l believe it will eventually solve the period l icaly recurring problem of the cotton pro- ducers. At the same time there are o:sier bankers in Washington who do not put great reliance in the scheme. and argue | that before it can possibly become oper- atlve the need for it's functioning will be Iappreciably minimized. There are various views taken of the fact that only l0J southern bankers participated in the meet 1 ing of organization, whereas the num- 1 Der attending the convention was about | 1 GOO
 The idea of the promoters is to hold subsequent meetings of the tentative or ganization ip the immediate future in At. iIanta and Birmingham.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-24

The drilling for oil near Hanceville has neen postponed for time on account cf inc lack of water. All of the rigging is up and fifty-foot hole has been
 drilled The drilling is done by steam. and until sufficient water is secured, all
 work will have to cease.