davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1920-08-13
The Town GOSSIP

~ OOOOD !
<<>>~>>>>~>>~>~e14~~>>>>>$
THAT IT wouldn't be long.
BEFORE HE would need.
HIS STOCK replenished.
AND ROB. said maybe 80.
BUT HID thought.
THAT HE had enough on hand.
AND SHE pouted again.
AND TAPPED her pencil.
AGAINST HER teeth.
AND BOTH Rob. and I.
NOTICED THAT she had.
REAL PRETTY teeth.
ssH
AND THEN she wanted to know
WHETHER SHE couldn't take.
JUST A small order.
TO BE filed in a month.
AND ROB. hesitated.
AND SHE smiled again.
AND / had to leave.
TO GET lack to the office.
BUT I'M willing to bet.
ANY AMOUNT Of money.
THAT AT the end.
OF THE next month.
YOU'LL SEE a new stock.
OF PERFUME on hand.
AT THE Magnolia Pharmacy.
l THANK you.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11
PRESIDENT WILSON TO
SIGN THE CALL FOR
THE FIRST MEETING OF
LEAGUE Of NAT|O \ s

Washington Jan. 10. - plNsif
Wilson is expected 10 sign the
FOR the first meeting of the lcag
nations council Immediately afto
cciving notice from Ambassador
Lace that the first session H.
fixed for next Friday. The..9
states. however. will not be re
at the meeting as the trcat-$l.59
been ratified by the senate.
Tho provision FOR the L--Sl.S9
issue the call for the I'M
Of the council is made so2o
treaty ANA officials eXp'
signing the call Mr.. vii
BE- acting in his capaclt- ''--$S'"
Of the United States.
The coming into ctfe'------S2.49
through exchange of
day between Great l-Se.S9
Italy, and Germany -----
the United states, Off
technically the state
this country and Gcrr saoo
/ trade between the &C s95o
sumcd some months III 90
! ily increasing, particuls---%i'io
movement from the t------Si.S
The United States. ho.-----S5.29
l be represented on any s5.gS
/ commissions set up by
carrying out It's terms
country send consular agt
many until the state OF -
Paris, Jan. l0,--Thc putt
league Of nations into be,,oroa
viii be- One of the immcdl
ournccs Of the exchange OF, n.
tons of the treaty Of Ncrsai''oo
occur in Paris at l0:So o'clock w
morning OF Friday, Jan. lG, Il
prcmo council decided today. y
Ambassador Wallace cabled TINS
cision of the ctNlncil to President
son. so that the president might Is
the formal notice Of the meeting
the council of tho league TO he I
on the date named.
The first meetina' of tho cou
will be called to order and pres'
over by Leon Bourgeois. the repre-
tative Of France In council. he
deliver a brief address. Earl Sur7
the British foreign secretary
will represent Great Brihin at
meeting will also speak
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11
NEW SED|T|ON LAW WILL
HANDLE REDS" WITHOUT
SOFT GLOVES WHEN THEY
SEEK GOVERNMENT RUIN

Hood -,
Washington Jan IV' -- MAXIMUM
penalties OF iine oi $',ovo anu Nv -
years Imprisonment, applying " "'
acts for violation ot literature /" I"'
thorance of iorclble overthrow W '.''
government, are proVlueu l' U'e anu.
seullloh mn N''l'" P'0''u
today without record VOC
Principal attack on the p''l wa" ,'i'''
ol II the mar exclusion Se't''.'' WIN
opPoi'ch'S u'''"''' .,..,.,,,,.
censorship powers IN the pos''"''S'''
general. ,-..,
Advocates oi ule Ile'su' "''''' M
that the p!'I "ou" i'''ll' Vo'''''' '',''''''
rights ol Tree Speech o' "'',''''','5, ,,-',.
Under an Amendment pS ',"r'V' ',U'
an republic''h' luauo' "c''p''" " 49,, ,'ie
senate persons against N',0i'' Wv"
clause is INVOKED ca'i "PPe"' u
erai courts
inc pi' P'o'',"i'a i-l ''...,',,, wit
VocatIns OF "uNlsl''s pS ,P'',", '',.,,,.a,,
lnS or prlhuhs' t"e o'''"'o w.
OF the ohl''d H'"teS, VI ~, ,,.
mont on 10y p'ySic''i '"J''' -
son or property
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11
CARTER SEEKS TO
PASS AMENDMENT
PRO V|D|N Nc FOR
URE INDIAN
ANNUAL PAYMENTS
Especial 10 The trdmoreitc)

WASHINGTON. Ian. lO-Thc Indian ap.
....,....,..... ,., p, ,.. r,., ,..,,...,
''''' "'''''' '''' ''' 1T '''' '''' '''''''
lH' lower mousse "' congress ''rrle9 an
item which provides for a per ccpita
distribution Of 500 to the Choctaws
and .rhi,i.,.,u..
'"'S WI" p''''''''S 'N'''ua' "''
funds now in Oh" United states treaS'
ury to the credit Of these Indian tribes.
However. au important amendment
to lnis provision has been proposed by
Congressman Carter. OF The Third Ok
Hhoml congressional district, which
authorizes, the Secretary Of the Interior
TO hereafter make per capita payments
annually. of an funds ON hands, with.
out ,hc necessity of further funds com
ing iuJ, the treasury from deferred pay.
mcuts ion flturc on an allotted lands
timber lands aud surface Of mineral
lands already sold which viii amount,
~ about Sl.00n.0Vn. 10 thH viii be
lddcd tvcuruug to The provisions of
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11
Chief OF THE MEXICAN
CABINET CHARGED WITH
SAYING SONS Of THAT
LA Nd NO v AMERICANS
.SHO ULD Be EXEC UTED

San Antonio, Texas, Jan. 10.-Warn.
ing that Luis Cabrera. chief of the
Mexican cabinet, had suggested the
expulsion from Mexico of more than
200 Americans, because they had or
ganized, at Tampico. Il post Of the
American Legion, was sent today 20
Franklin dOller. national commander
of the organization, by Chas. W.
Scruggs. state adjutant Of the legion.
The report that reached Seruggs
from Tampco was that Cabrera had
instructed the mayor of Tampico to
investigate the American Legion Of
Honor" and to notify him immediate.
ly If it were true, that Americans
had dared to organize n military
league in Mexico after eating the
bread of the country"
Referring to three Mexicans, who
served In the American army during
the war and who were listed as mem
bers of the post, Cabrera was quoted
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11
ABSENCE OF AMERICA
FROM HA LITIGATION OF
VE RSA|LLES TREATY IS
FELT BY ALLIED POWERS

London. Jan. 10.-Regret over Am
erica's abscntion from ratification Of
tn treaty of Versailles is again ex-
pressed in editorials printed in this
mornings newspapers.
"Amcrca's absence" says The Tele-
graph, clouds alike the prospect of
the present and the future, 1t weak
ons profoundly the moral authority OF
the league CT nations and consequent
" the sense Of security regarding
the immediate future"
The Daily News contends: "A new
world order from which America. or
for that matter, Germany or Russia
or any considerable fraction of man
kind is excluded Is foredoomed 10 fail
ure."
The newspapers urge that 1t is ad'
vlsable to press on with the construc'
ton of the league, even in the event
t,,a.t America determines TO remain
outside. because there is reasonable
hope that once the league is in being
this attitude will ultimately become
impossible"
Referring, like other journals, to
political conflicts in America regard
ing the league and the Versailles
treaty, the Chronicle says.
THE position is not very reassur1ng
10 Europeans who are living in Il
world shattered by war. While Am
.r,cnns continue to debate we may
derive some crumbs Of comfort from
the fact that statesmanlike William
Jennings Bryan and Gilbert M. Hitch
cock, democratic leader in the senate,
nave no illusions about the danger of
Aelay for Europe, and the effect 1t
has had upon American prestige"
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11
OKLAHOMA
BOUNDARY CASE TO
Be REOPENED BY
GOVERNMENT

v,,.bin,,to, In, N ~, co,o.r.
men VIII again '''''r '"' I'N'S S'o'''"
homa boundary controversy, source
Of litigation since the Spanish Amcrl
c,, trcot, Of 1e1S ,ss;stor, ,ttorney
,.., ...,.,,
''''''''' '>'0''"''' '."''o''''''' '''''7 NV
In now series OF suits soon to b'
instituted adjudication Of the rights
or Indian allotioes will be .ough, and
,.c,.,.. ...,,,,,.,,. a. ,,. ,o,,,1.
"',i''''' , '',',',','i'', W, ". Wv, ,a,',rn
.,, ''i, i,,.,n('','' i,,,,,,,.a1
''I''' 'i''',.,'., ts., -. ,,. ,,.
'''''l'''' '' ,,',,.,,,,,, ,.,, u,, rn.
,.' n'' .,'. ,,,,a,
i ,r',.a.. -, ,.t,,,h 81, 1,,,i,,,
~ ,,., ,.,,,.'. h,. n.
~ '', ',.,,'i s,on coo
,a, '''''
- n.. i,,, ,t.,, ,,.,,.,, :. ,o,v
,,o 'r 81. ,t..,,. nm, I'M,
.........,',. ,a,,.a,,,.., T.. nat b,
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11
HARRELD OF OK KLAHOMA VOTES to.
SEAT BERGER WHEN CO-REPUBL| CANS
GUST MILWAUKEE GERMAN SOCIALIST

Washington, Jan. 10. -- Victor
lcr-cr. socialist representative
elect from Milwaukee, was denied
seat iu the house today for the
second time.
The vote was 32S to and was on
70 resolution by Chairman Dallin-
gcr Of the elections committee
which was offered Immediately af.
ter Berger appeared and asked
that ne be sworn. berger was de-
MED a personal hearing and there
was only brief discussion. Chair
man pallingcr speaking for his
resolution. ana Representative
Mann. republican, Illinois, urging
that HerEer be seated because he
had twice been elected, 10y the pco.
pie of Milwaukee.
Those voting 10 seat Berger were
Mann. Hnrreld, republican, Oklahoma
democrat, New York; ShoI
wood, democrat, Ohio. and Sisson
lfmocrat, Mississippi and Noight We
publican, Wisconsin. Represcn,ativ,
SABBATH, republican, Illinois voted Irca
cnt.
Berger declared in a statement afte
the vote that the house action wa
one of the worst attacks on the repre-
form Of government eve
Witnessed in this country"
1T Is really a denial Of the righ
# people to elect the citizen OF the.
choice" he said.
Speaking on his resolution. Chair
man Dallingcr said Berger was eXclud
ID the first time mot because Of Ii.
socalled radical views, not becaus
he is a socialist, but because he is in
eligible to membership under provis
ions Of the constitution.
This will dlsqualify him permanent
ly." he declared. THE people O
Wisconsin may re.elect him and ther
are some who contend that il the pee
ple want him in congress he is er
titled to a scat, but u man exclude
os Berger has been can never be el
gible for membership.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11
OIL PRODUCERS REFUSE
TO PAY MEXICAN TAN

Washington Jan. l0.--Oil pro
ducers in the Tampico district of
Mexico "arc n unit in refusing to
pay the new export tax and the
government Is determined to force
the payment, even If 1t is neces
sary to prohibit eXportatior, nc.
cordng to THURSDAYS issue OF El
Universal of Mexico City.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11

rs saying they should be shot aa
traitors for presuming to swear al.
legiancc to the American constitution. -
y majority Of the posts members,
according TO information here. Is that
Of men who We're residents Of Tam
pico and that vicinity before their en-.
l!stment in the American army,
After Cabrera'S instructions 10 the
mayor, were received in Tampico, at
tacks against the members Of the 1r.
gani2aton appeared in newspapers OF
that city in which the immediate exc
cution Of the MeXicans and the en-
pulsion Of the Americans was de.
mandCd."
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11
LAST AMERICAN SOLDIERS
LEAVE LAND OF LltliE>

Paris, Jan. lO.--Brig. Con. W. ~
Connor. chief Of staff, Of the Amcii'
can department OF supply, together
with his staff and one hundred non
commissioned men. the last American
soldiers in France, left for Antwerp,
Friday night.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11

All oordiality. excepting between the
allied delegates. NJ Clemcnaoau and
Mr. Lloyd George, sitting at The head
# the table chattcd amilincly. with
Captain Andre Tarticu, Louis Kilt,
and Georges Lcygucs, OF the French
delegation throughout the proceed.
ings. Baron vGn Lersncr was pale
and grave ana exchanged remarks
in u serious tone with Herr Won sim.
SON
NJ the ,ud Of NJ. C!rmruccau's rc.
marks AL the delegates rosr and The
Germans, after slight hesitation. led
the way out without either saluting or
exchanging words with any OF the
other delegates.
The absence Of american rcproSon.
tatiVcs was particularly remarked.
Up u the last hour Hugh 6. Wal.
lace, Ii" ambassador was in doubt as
to whether he would receive instruc.
tione to attend the ceremony Finally
hearing nothing from Washington, he
returned TO the secretary Of peace
conference the invitations that lad
been sent him.
After the ceremony II was learned
that Premier Clemcnccau's remark to
the German representatives was to the
fleet that lee would this evening
give orders for the repatriation uf
the German war prisoners.
In the secret session, Immediately
after the signing Of the protocol, NJ,
Clemonccau shook hands with Baron
Won Lcrsncr aud Herr Won Smson,
II also became known.
Peaceful relations between Germany
and the greater number OF the ma.
tons engaged in the great war with
her, are established by the action
taken at Paris today. The peace treaty
now goes into effect as between Ger
many and those powers that have
/ finally ratified il, Great Britain
France, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Boil
via, Brazil, Guatemala, Panama. Pc
ru, Poland Siam. C2ccho- -Slovahia and
/ Uruguay.
/ Great Britain was the first Of the
/ five great powers represented in the
supreme council Of the peace confer
| ence - take such action, being fol
| lowed in succession by France. italy
and Japan. The United States alonC
Of the big five" has not ratified tn,
treaty. As the list shows. forma
ratificatious have been given by mos
Of the smaller powers siinatory to tn,
treaty. China did not sign the docu
mcnt because Of her objections to tn,
Shantung provisions, but procaime,
u state OF peace with Germany.
Tho all important ratification b!
Germany was given on July ., 1919
the day following which President WI
son presented the treaty to the Unitn'
States senate.
The making Of the peace which
now becomes effective, was begul
shortly after the conclusion OF tn
armistice of Nov. II. 1918, which end
cd the great war.
The treaty of Versailles, as il ha
become known, was signed in the hi,
toric Versailles palace OH June 9S
1919.
The long interval between the aS
sembling of the peace conference u
Versailles, or Jan. lS. 1919. TIL
tre.ty was occupied with almost dali
conference on It's provisions betwee
the representatives OF the nation
which had been at war with German
or had broken relations with her, tn
principal parts being taken by dele
gates of France, Great Britain, Italy
Japan and the United states. Tn
first important work completed wa
the drawing up Of the covenant of tn
league of nations which was finishe
Continued on page p
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11
Abe Rueff i'ar,ionrd

Sacramento. Calf, Jan. i0.--Abra
ham Rucff. former political Boss"
convicted In san F'ranrlsco of brlb
cry. was granted n pardon by Governor
William ID. stephens tonight.
This automai ically restores Rueff
to right Of citizenship.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11

Representative Mann republican, of
Illinois, supported Bergers claim, de-
claring that Berger was elected anew
by a majority and that the question
was whether Il representative form of
government should hc maintained in.
violate
This il not an ewviab!e task Rep
resontatye Mann said. Il do not
share Ecrgor's views, but R"recr be-.
hcvcs there should he fundamental
changes in the government. His peo
pie. his constituents desire him. IL is
our duty to accept him. When We
propose to meet arguments by force
We are losing strength"
Milwaukee, Wis, Jan. l0.-"Wc will
keep ON nominating berger until
Iladcs freezes over if that un.Ameri.
can aggregation called congress cJn'
linucs to exclude him." declared u
statement issued by the committee.
we want every person in this cOun-
try to understand that the voters of
the Fifth Wisconsin district know cX-
1ctly whom they want as their repre-
sentative in congress and we do not
propose to Let Gillette and his bunch
OF Wall street fawners dictate to us
on the subject.
'Derger is our congressman and the
action Of congress in unseating him
second time only starts the READ
/ fight that will not end until every one
ot the reac;ionaries who voted in To-
days dissrnccful proceedings have
been retired by the ballot TO the obi
Won they 50 rightly deserve"
Milwaukee. Wis, Jan. l0.--The so
ciallst committee of the Fifth Wis.
consin congressional district, in hall
/ hour after receiving the news that
Victor l.. Berger had been excluded
from congress a second time, renomi
mated him. The statement was made
he would be 4 candidate for the party
ut u special election 10 be demanded
| from the governor.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1920-01-11
CENSUS ENUMERlTORS
ATTENTION

All the Census Enumerators for
the City of Ardmorc are requested
to meet at the Chamber of Com
mercc rooms Monday afternoon ut
3 o'clock. Arimore desires to give
these enumerators all the co-opera'
ton they may require and they
are urged to he at this meeting.
EB l.. EVANS, Chairman.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1920-03-11
BASIS FOR NEW
RAIL RATESSlUGHT
Equitable Revision ConsoHant
With Dividends To Be
Worked Out.

WASHINGTON, March Il-sgpport
Of the interstate commerce commission
70 a plan 10 obtain equitahly the revi-
sion Of rates necessary 70 meet the BE
per cent dividends allowed the rail-
roads under the transportation act, by
co-opera ton between shippers and car
riers in reaching a basis for the new
schedules was asked Wednesday oy
representatives. Of the Southern Traffic
league.
Charles F. Cottsrel Of Atlanta. gen
eral counsel for the league, told the
committee that they represented prac-
tically all Of the shippers IN the SOUTH
eastern states and as 1t is upon the
shippers that the burden Of the read
iustment Of rates must fall. they de-
sired "a harmonious adjustment o.
rates so Nlat each class OF raftic VIII
bear its proportonate share
Realizing that change Of rates must
initiate with the commission. CotteTel
said the shippers Of the South desired
that the commission use It's influence
with the railroads In order that the eN,
ecutives would meet with them ana
work out recommendations for the ba-
Sis Of a schedule that viii be fair to
both parties
in the South, he said, equalization OF
Interstate rates and removal OF the In
qualities between state and interstate
Members Of the commission expressed
approval Of the league suggestion that
shipper and carrier get together and
work out suggestions for new rate
sch sdules. but decision on the proposal
was reserved. At the suggestion OF
Commissioner w NJ. Daniels the repre-
sentatlves Of the league agreed TO Sc
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1920-03-11
Debtor Nations
Would Put Off
Paying Interest

WASHINGTON, March 11--Announee.
anant by Secretary Houston that no
fnrther loans would be made to the
allies was believed today 10 indicate
the adoption by the treasury Of the pol
fey favored BY the debter nations of de-
fsrring interest payments for the next
three years or more,
Under authority granted by congress
10 extend i0,000 600 600 credits 10 the
allied nations, the treasury has made
loans amounting to $3.50 S34bA9 sec.
rotary Houston said the remainder q
Ahe credits authorized would NOT. be
granted, as ii was thought sufficient
advances had been made,
Discussing the question, treasury Of
Tciais said that In view 81 the exchange
situation ana the unsettled economic
condition Of the European nations, dur !.
ing the reconstruction period, II would
seem advisable to- permit them to post
none interest payments for at least
three years Then, II Is believed. they
VIII he in . position 70 meet their OBJ
Ngations
with the interest on the loans com
puted at per cent the total due the
United States yearly Is about S4To. ooo, :
900. an enormous sum for the war
weakened countries 70 pay at present.
II interest Is funded into long-term
ohugafious the interest on the pay
lnents thus deferred win amount to only
S23 Oo0, 600 yearly. which can be paid
ana the credit OF the debtor nations
maintained. Treasury officials are
wArlang on recommendations to submit
To congress as TO the course 10 be fol-
lowed II deferred payments are permit
ted 1t has been suggested that the
interest on the interest be charged off,
but the proposal has met with strong
imposition In congress
Americas chief debtors are Great
Britain, with s4.27T 900 00o France. with
Ss,04T. 9T477T, and italy, with 1881
sss, ass Belgiums debt is S545 AS GOO
and Russia Is charged with $lsT,729, $50
Rumanis, Serbia. Greece Cuba, Czeoho-
Slovaizia and Liberia are the other coun.
tries listed on the books Of the treas
urs
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1920-03-11
CANADA NEEDS
BIG NAVY, REPORT

OTTAWA. March I1-Canada should
have Tor the protection Of her ports
alone. three light cruisers, one tloula
leader, 10 torpedo ersft. eight suema
rnss and one parent ship, Admiral
Vlscount Jellico declared in his report
to parliament on the Dominion's naval
needs, made public in the house OF COM
mons wednesday
Four suggestions we're made on a
possible naval building plan for Canada
ranging from a S25, 00O. 600 feet TO one
costing S. 600 600 He emphasized the
Importance Of naval air service, stating
that any navy to be complete must
possess It's proper complement Of air
craft,
AS a basis for the Dominion's naval
establishment. Admiral Jellicoe sug-
gested the fleet unit Of one battle
Cruiser, two light cruisers, six destroy
crs, four submarines and two fleet mine
sweepers.
Naval assistance Of the United States
during the war, in the shape OF cruts-
ers, destroyers and other small vessels
in assisting the convoy Of trade ships
allowed Great Britain to pursue some
Of her overseas expeditions, Admiral
Jkllicoe said
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1920-03-11
SAYS PARAMOUR, not
WIFE Slew DOCTOR
Fiancee Of Army Surgeon Says
He Was Not Married.

FL PASO Tex. March II Capt
wade Dostsr. medical corps, L. S. A,
who was shot and killed last Sunday at
Columbus. y. n, BY a woman whom the
police said was his wife, was engaged
10 be married To Mrs. Lulu ~. Beckey
according 90 a statement she made 20
newspaper men here today Mrs Beck.
leys statement said Capt poster had
told her that he was not married %
thr Columbus woman, she SAID the
woman was the divorced wife Of Harry
Garfield. 81 Coldwater kas. and that
her maiden name was Maude NUS
= II was engaged so Capt Wade Dos.
ter" the statement says He asked
me first 10 marry him in September
1915. We would have been maTried as
soon as he could have obtained his als.
charge from the army and got Fld OF
tkt woman with whom he lived. '''
"Maude MusRrovs never was mar
ried 20 Capt Dosfer In letters 10 me
he repeatedlv told me pf this fact |
refused 70 marry him until he rid him
self Of her. This he promised TO do as
soon as he could get ont OF the army
The statement declared that the cap
tain gave the woman 81. 500 to leave him
and they signed an agreement 10 this
Naude threatened the life 81 CaFt
postar several times. the statemen
continued He had taken a gun from
her ~ least twice He told ne 70 stay
away from her and II ! ever saw heg
10 get out OF the way, as she had
threatened repeatedly 10 kill me.
The statement tells Of the alleged fear
OF the captain ~ prosecution under the
federal Mann act The statement closes
II can not understand why Maude
killed him I could understand hei
kIliua herself but not him. She was
Jealous OF me. whereas in reality was
engaged 10 him and should have been
the one 10 hold the most bitterness
am the great loser.
Il wonder II the world will under =
stand my suffering and humiliation