davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13
Issues New Bulletin

Realizing the importance of sweet sor- ghum as a general field crop for the south. the Soil Improvement Commit tee of Atlanta has recently issued pam phlet dealing with this crop from the standpoint of it's cultivation for syrup The present scarcity of sugar, it's in creased price and the fact that as much as possible should be saved for preserv- ing and other uses during the summer lends an added importance to the cuitiva- tion of sorghum.
 This bulletin calls attention to the diff ferent uses of the sorghum plant, the best varieties to plant for the several sec tions. and gives definite information as to cultural and fertilization practices. Ii shows that sorghum can be grown in about the same manner as corn, and that it will give good returns on all farms. The bulletin also makes a plea for an enlarged acreage As a hay crop. excellent results are secured where sorghum is planted with cowpeas or some other legume.. This point is one of many others stressed in the ne wpublics- tion
 Believing that the bulletin will be of value in any farmers library 1t will be sent free of charge to any person writ ing for it. Copies may be had by ad- dressing the Soil Improvement Commit tee, Southern Fertilization Association, Atlanta.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13

Farm labor is scarce this year. and yields are likely to suffer unless avail able labor is utilized to the best advan- tage.
 Unnecessary or misdirected cultivation is always serious waste, but it is par ticularly so when man power is not ade- quate to crop requirements.
 Make all labor count at full value. In cultivating the corn crop, say specialists of the department of agriculture, use q two-row cultivator if possible. It con. sumes only half as much man labor as a one-row cultivator and only one fourth as much as the half-row cultivator or double shovel
 Cultivate when cultivation is needed but refrain when it is not needed. Guilt. vation may be waste of time or actuaIiy injurious under certain conditions. Cul- tivation by hard-and-fast rule is likely to do more harm than good Government corn specialists give the following gen eial principles ds to time and manner of cutivating corn:
 There are three main purposes of culti- vation-to store moisture to destroy weeds to warm the soil.
 Rep the soil surface loose and open This will let the rain soak in quickly and reduce waste In fair weather it will prevent the subsoil from drying out. A properly cultivated surface soil will send moisture, laden with plant food up through the corn roots and stalks to make ears.
 Every weed in a cornfield is an enemy It drinks up moisture and consumes plart food that should go to make corn kernels ! instead of weed seed Destroy weeds wien they appear. Attack them. If possible l In fair weather You will then have the sun as a powerful ally.
 Evaporation of moisture lowers tenn, perature. A wet, evaroratlng soil surface is cold. A dry soil surface is warm. 4 loose soil surface dries quickly and tho | blanket of loose, dry soil then check' evaporation, drinks in sunshine. and be | comes warm
 Watch your soil, it's condition shoulC determine when to cultivate. Do not le cracks form. They are holes througl which valuable moisture escapes. Do no cultivate when your ground is dry O. wet enough to form large clods. Clod' ! tie up plant food so that the corn root can not use it.
 Do not waste cultivation. Cultivation may be actually injurious when your sol is so dry and hard as to break into larg dry clods.
 | Failure to cultivate promptly when 1t l. needed to prevent the soil from becoming cracked, hard, or weedy will material!' lessen the corn yield.
 In addition to watching the soil, waccl
 the plants Their progress determine how you should cultivate.
 While the plants are small, cultivat 1 as deeply as the condition of the soi makes necessary. If your seed bed wa not well prepared before planting, deel cultivation when the corn is small is do
 sirable. Get your soil into open conditio
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13
Eletcricity on Farm

What is a farmers time worth? What busines-the business of farming-with the value of the time he gives to it? And does he know how much time he is giving to executive work and productive Tabor and how much to non-productive labor The farmer who is not giving these things a little thought is not in the front rank of those who are making of farming what it really should be-a business on a business basis.
 The average gross income from farm of 15O acres will be something over $3,000, and to produce that income between 1000 and 5000 hours of productive labor are required. This makes the average pro- ductive labor hour worth about 40 cents.
 To make every one of these Accent hours productive of it's share of profit, it is necessary to reduce non-productiye labor to the minimum, and in farming as in manufacturing it has been found that the best waq to do this is to use labor saving machinery. The small electric light and power plants now in use on SC many farms accomplish a lot of this labor saving. Instead of spending hours pumping and carrying water for stock and for all household purposes the mod .ern farm family has an electric pumping system installed, which keeps water al a pressure of fifty pounds whereved it is needed in the house or barns. Grind stones, flaming mills and many other light power appliances in the barn which used to require the timt of two men are now turned by electricity. In the house the pumping, churning, separating, wash ing, sweeping, relieving the farmers wife of a great part of the burdens which have made her life hard one. And oi course electric light itself makes the farm home bright and cheerful place tc live.
 Where electricity serves the farm fam fly we find the best of living conditions and we find too that every member ioi that family makes each hour of labol pay profit.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13
Work of Club Girls

Over in Pickens county. Mrs Bertha Henry is doing practical work for the club girls and women of that section in her position as home demonstration agent of the Alabama extension service for that county. A great deal of interest has been developed in the poultry busi- ness Two families have bought incuba- tors for their children, and thefraising of pure-bred chickens is being encouraged. Egg circles have been established and the candling and shipping of eggs to mar ket is a regular line of business. It serves not only to encourage co-opera- tion in other lines, but also to secure lpr the producers a reasonable price for their eggs. Every Saturday from thirty to forty dozen are brought in from in and around Carrollton, either for the Car rollton merchants or for cooperative shipment to nearest market.
 At Reform the children from both the High School and public school were en- abled to see two interesting moving pie lures sent out by the extension service entitled i'g Clubs and Helping the Farmers of Tomorrow
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13
Market Reports By Wire

Anyone desiring to secure market 1n- formation issued by the bureau Of mar kets. United States department of agri- culture. more quickly than IS possiple through the mails may have all or part of any report sent by telegraph, charges collect. from the nearest stations mann tained by the bureau. A list of these stations. together with blank for enter ing the details of the desired telegraphic service, will be furnished upon applica- tion to the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington. D. c.
 Some of the phrases used in these re- ports may, require explanation.
 Market excited represents condi- tion of uncertainty and decided buliisn tendency on the part of the seller. It suggests rapid upward tendency ana considerable price fluctuation.
 Market stronger" represents condi- tion of increasing confidence on the part of the seller. with the likelihood that the present demand will consume present supplies and supplies in sight can be ab. sorbed at prevailing or slightly higher prices.
 ..Narket strong" This represents a condition of firm confidence on the part of the seller. There may be good de- mand and supplies may be relativGy light, so that the seller is likely to sy- fen the price at the first opportunity.
 Market active" This represents a condition of quick sale, good demand and 2. generally healthy condition. There may be no decided change in prices, although
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13
Interesting Meetings

The outstanding feature during the past week of the work of the home demonstra~ ton agents of the Alabama extention service seems to have been the combina- ton meeting at Camden. in which the counties of Wilcox, Baldwin and Mobile cc-operated For three days the women and girls of the Camden section were instructed and entertained by carefully prepared programme participated in p~ Mrs Louise Riley of Mobile. Miss Mary II. Cooper of Baldwin and Miss Mary k- Strudw.ck of Wilcox, assisted by Miss Gladys Tappan, assistant state agent and poultry specialist, and Dr. F. l.. Thomas, extension entomoogist, at Auburn
 Demonstrations were given in cooking and serving a meal in a pressure cooker the meal including steak, Irish potatoes, cabbage and apple pudding; and on the following day in fireless cooker, meal of baked chicken, beans, rice ard pudding A demonstration was also given in the canning of meats, and in the use of washing machines.
 There was a lecture and demonstra- ton on bee-keeping, an address on poui- try maoagement, poultry diseases and the feeding of poultry. There was short talk oa house furnishing and ln- terior decoration also some health taiks-
 The success of such meetings as these is securing the voluntary cooperation and commendaton of the business men of the stste The Matthews Hardware Com panv of Camden furnished the place or meeting and used it's advertising space ir the newspaper to give notice abroad through the county of the short course Montgomery merchants sent splendid ex- hibits of draperies and house furnish ings, with representative of their firm 10 display same. One of the leading art shops sent beautiful exhibit of pie lures.
 And as a practical result in addition to the help and information given those att terdr,g, purchases were made of three steam-pressure canners, tireless cooker a barrel churn, several pictures, interior decorations and hive of bees, with necessary equipment
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13

it often indicates an upward trend.
 Market firm" This represents a con-
 dition of strong confidence in general pconditions, resulting often in strength
 ening of a price range, but seldom Tn
 actual price advances.
 'Market steady This represents a normal movement, with steady, consist ent trading showing no decided price changes one way or the other Market unsettled" This represents condition of uncertainty on the part of sellers and usually indicates a weaker tendency There may be no actual price changes one way or another. Represents a waiting attitude with spasmodic treA- ing,
 Market dull" Represents light trading and suggests 8 condition of uncertainty and possible depression. There may not be any actual change in prices. Market weak" This may be used in describing condition of actual price de- cline with the possibility of further de- cline and represents decided lack of confidence on the part of the seller. It may also be used when actual price declines have taken place, but with large supplies on hand and heavy supplies in sight it is the prevailing opinion that a decline is inevitable.
 Market weaker" This is a compara- 1 tive term and refers back to conditions of the previous day. It may represent an | actual decline in price, although the re- lation of market price should not be the ] governing factor. The reporter should l conclude by his sense" of the market i that less confidence exists than when | the market is steady.
 "Market demoralized" This term is to | be used only ir very unusual eases and represents condition when stock can l not be moved at any price. It represents | a market so completely glutted that even stock of high quality can not be moved. l As used in the official market news re- ports, market" represents the views of | the seller and demand those of the buyer.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13

so that the corn roots can reach out for food
 After the plants become foot high, shallow cultivation onlysshould be given The roots have spread out close under the surface of the soil and would be in jured oy deep cultivation. Never cultl- vate deeply close to corn plants after they are foot high. Such cultivation will break feeding roots and cause injury to the plants.
 Corn is the main support of tho nation, Grown in every state of the union, it ex- ceds any other crop in acreage, produc- tion, value and the multiplicity of uses.
 When land and labor were abundant, production could be increased to meet increasing demands by planting morG acres to corn But the demand for corn is still increasing while available labor is decreasing. The only way to increase production is to make each acre yield more bushels of corn.
 The average yield of corn per acre in the United States is about twenty-se7en bushels With good seed, fair soi', and timely, careful cultivation, the yield can be doubled. That may be too much to strive for this year, but proper methods should enable you to obtain, with linn l ited labor as good yields as you former ! ly grew-unless, of course, you have al ways followed the best cultural methods Many comparative experiments Of deer and shallow cultivation have been made and on the whole the results are in favor of shallow cultivation. The occasions when deep cultivation is preferable arc l few. If excessive rains have packed ths soil and kept 1t water-soalSed, deep cul' l tivation will help to dry and aerate 1t | Breaking the roots or the plants mus be avoided so far as possible, If root' are broken the plants will rapidly pro duce other roots but 1t wi De at tn. expense of vitality and the food supply After the plants have reached hei.n of two or three feet, the soil even il the middle of the rows should not be cul | tivated deeper than four inches an usually a shallower cultivation win b better. A loose soil mulch two or thrs inches in thickness should be maintained It retains soil moisture and facilitate the penetration of rainfall.
 The best answer to the question of hoy frequently corn should be cultivated, s;i, specialists, is that it should be cultivate
 often enough to keep down weeds and t
 maintain constantly loose soil mulc
 till the corn has attained it's growth T
 this end a greater number of cultiva
 tions will be necessary when rains a
 intervals of about 2, week cause the sur
 face soil to run together and crust
 This crust must be broken and the SO mulch restored, or excessive {, un-off an evaporation will soon rob the soil of 1t
 moisture
 Promptness in restoring the soil muic
 after a rain is important. With doubf cultivators widened and by driving astrid
 each alternate row, the mulch IS ea1 ore
 in half the time necessary .u driv astride of every row.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13

The following weekly letter has been is-' sued on club activities in the state by l.. N. Duncan and James L. Heron, of the extension service at Auburn:
 Let's do away with the pure-bred scrub, pig A good one only costs little more and will pay for the differ ence many times.
 If possible use the Medium White Span ish peanut for club boys, as it will com niand a high price in confectionery trade and can be used for oil mill purposes If
 desired.
 Use a pure variety of seed corn. It
 pays.
 In the resolutions adopted by the South
 ern extension workers, in conference at
 Gulfport, Miss. December 7-l9, 1919, we find the following important resolutions adopted by said conference Because of the very great importance of the farm boy in the present and fr- ture development of rural life, we recom-
 mend:
 i q That in formulating the programme of work the boys club work shall be placed upon such a programme as heinS of paramount importance. and as one piece of work which must be made success
 '2. That directors of extension so plan the administration of the programme '''' club men, state, district and coun'y agents in such way as to make it re- sponsive to the agricultural problems in the state, county and community. Following are some extracts from agents weekly reports J. P. Wilson, Andalusia: This week 1 has been given to club work. We are starting on the ground and are trying l to get some real work done. Held three community meetings at night for the purpose of organizing pig clubs. At two of these we placed good clubs" S. N Crosby ozark: "At Ariton we held one of the most successful club meetings ever held in the county. The school was suspended for the occasion. and through the generosity of the Ariton business men ice cream and refreshments
 were served to the crowd F. R. Jameson, Greensboro: I went to Mt. Hebron to organize a club and gaV- a talk to club members on possibilities | for the club member" I w T. Coker, Sylacauga: "Our county tboard of commissioners have agreed 10 cooperate in community fairs and ciun
 work"
 ! C. V. SteIzenmuller, Bay Minette | Three boys club meetings were aD I tended this week and two committeeman visited. In addition to this, Friday was l spent in New Life community visiting and advising club members" ! I. E. Moses, Troy: This week I ma1 an effort to get pigs located for as many club members as possible. I visited sev- leral breeders and some last years clut | members to see what they had to offer A number of club members are begin | ning their work.
 J. M Draper. Albertville: Have d;s
 cussed club work with the boys in prac
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13
BOYS AND GIRLS CLUBS
 C O M NIFTY CENTERS
Miss Peyton Busy

Up in Madison county the work of the home demonstration agent is meeting with enthusiastic response. During tho week just past Miss Evelyn Peyton of Huntsville, who has charge of the work on behalf of the Alabama extension serv- ice, reports live meetings at five differ ent points in that county-Riverton, Mon- roeville, Toney, New Hope and West Huntsville-at all of which places there was an average attendance of nearly forty
 Indicative of the spirit engendered in the girls club of that section, Miss Pey- ton describes her recent visit to Toney, where the girls had gathered before her coming all material necessary for their demonstration work The room had been secured and polished until it fairly shown, and flowers were in evidence everywhere. The fire had been built in the stove; there was hot water in the tank, and the kitchen table supplied with all necessary equipment and material for the preparation of the menu agreed upon. The dining table was furnished and set in ways previously taught; the sewing table was set out with a regular display of scissors, needles and material neces- sary for the lesson in uniform and cap making All the lumber and tools were ready for the construction of the model chicken coop, while a special table had been added for the victrola which added so much pleasure and enjoyment to the occasion.
 Every member was present, with per feet enrolment, and scored 100 per cent for all requirements for the month. All of the girls took part in the demonstra- ticns, while five women from various parts of the community who had come out of curiosity became os interested that before the agent knew it, they were all cutting out caps for themselves as well.
 Be it known that aprons and caps are the uniform required by the demonstra- tion agent when girls are engaged In cooking and preparing meal. The en- tire programme from soup to chlcxen was carried out with success and en- fhusiasm, and all or this was accom- 'plished in a community which, 1udtsI by the initial work done last year. Was the deadest part of Madison county.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13
Organization Work

Reports coming to the Alabama exten- sion service from farm demonstration agents over the state indicate wave or interest in organization work, not ohly among the boys and girls club work but in marketing and community organ nations of various descriptions.
 In Limestone county, Fred stewart re- ports the organization of boys ana
 ,irls community club at Oxford and at
 Pettusville In Marshall county, J. Al Draper, agent. reports the organization of a. community cooperative marke-ins association at Dougless. In Franklin county. J. D Wood at Russellville re-
 ports much interest in the organization in that county of unit of the American Cotton Association and the erection o.
 n co-operative warehouse, with a pald ,veiqher and grader He also reports that the Boy Scouts have agreed to plant ana prcw ten acres of sweet potatoes under his supervision. to be used as demon stration plot. They hope to grow enough sveet uotatoes to fill a 3O,00 pushel house u , 70 Down in South Alabama, J. T. Belue ol parhour county is working up an lhter- cst in a pig club and school far to pc held at Clayton on May l5. over in pal- las county, John Blake reports the or patuyation of three boys clubs at IXler' | Orryule and Minter. He hopes to UT
 ganize another at Marion Junction
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13
Demonstration Rally

At Athens, in Limestone county, a demonstration rally was held recently of the girls and community clubs, about 10 registering for the occasion. The Com Mercial Club of Athens took a hand in the affair, a welcome being extended by Secretary Sarber. and luncheon at noon being furnished through its courtesy.
 Among the speakers were Colonel Clem- ents, county superintendents of education; Fred Stewart, farm demonstration agent: Mrs Ida Jones. assistant state agent; County Agent Ila Deane Griffin. and Mrs Nichols, secretary of the American Red Cross Great interest developed in all of the subjects discussed, and the meet ing was a success from sxer> stand point.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13
LETTER ON CLUB ACTIVITIES

tically every club visited this week, and hope to within the next few days have some club work started in pig, peanuts and corn"
 Neal Prisock, Carrollton: q went to Aliceville and met some of the club boys
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-05-13

ot school and discussed club wof witf them" ,u ~ tts A. G. Harrell Melvin: 'I wis e4 neighborhoods of Isney, ToXey enc bortown meeting club agent by pf 'h' ment at Gilbertown, and we wsnt the plan for club work and colnle1"'ty fairs"
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1920-03-08
PREHISTORIC LION
SKELETON MOUNTED

New York, March 6-The skeleton
of prehistoric deinodon, calculated
to be 6o,O0O,OOO years old has been
installed in Dinoseaur Hall at the
American Museum of Natural His
tory. The deinodon, which is also
known as 'terrible-tooth, is describ
ed as perhaps the most swift and
powerful creature Of it's time.
The skeleton stands eleven feet five
inches high and measures twenty feet
from the nose to the tip of its tail.
1t is supposed to have weighed sew.
eral times as much as the largest lion
OF today.
DR.. w. d. Matthew, curator of the
museums department of vertebrate
paleontology, says that our preh's-
toric ancestors perhaps did not have
to contend with the deinoden, which
likely was extinct before the earliest
caveman
= The skeleton of the deinodon was
found three years ago by Charles II.
Sternberg in the canon OF the Red
Deer river in Albera, the richest re-
pository Of dionsarn skeletons yet
discovered The geography and eli
mate Of that region was far different
60,000,000 years ago. perhaps warm
and marshy as the broad interior sea-
once stretching from the Gulf of
Mexico to the Arctic Ocean, was grad
ually receding and filing up with
swamps and tropical growth. M
Reptiles roamed the earth in those
days, and save for tiny opposum-like
creatures in the trees, there was none
of the higher quadrupeds of mammals.
1t has been suggested that the tiny
treedwellers helped bring about the
extinction of gigantic reptiles by
sucking the eggs deposited in the
swamps.