davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1920-04-13

NADIA satisfactorios obtenidos en- ell
magisterio, tenemos que de los 100000
maestros de escuelas pnbicas Ell los
Estados Unidos Sc ha estimado que 200
mil han tenido menos de cuatro amos
de estudios arriba del octave grado;
que 800, 900 no han tenido ninguna pre-
paraci6n especial para la ensehanza;
que 10000 no tienen mas de veintidn
amos de edad, y que $4,000 estan en-
seiando con permisos, no estando ca
pacitados para hacer frente a 10 mas
infimo que exigen los inspectores de
tlistrito. Mas adelante consta que 143
mil maestros abandonaron la profession
CT 1919.
Estados Unidos, diez son ensenados por
maestros que no han tenido ninguna
preparation especial para su trabajo.
Antes de que los "standars'' puedan
mejorarse, los salaries deben ser au-
mentados y puestos por 10 menos ba
Sc de subsistencia.
Hasta aqui 10 que sucede en- los Es-
tados UnidOs 10 que reclaman los
maestros de dicho pals, los cuales es
tan mucho mejor remunerados que los
maestros EN- Puerto Rico. IQue diran
entonces los de aqui, cuyo costo de
vida sc ha mas que triplicado7 IPo
dram los n!saestros rura4es vivir con
S54O al aho y los graduados con STOP
iPodra el maestro con tan misero sa-
lario vivir decorosamente con su fami
liza? Nj siquiera satisfacer los gastos
de comida, puesto que tanto cuesta la
vida, " de d6nde SAGA para pagar ca
sa, vestidos. hbros, medicos, etc?
FL maestro en- Puerto Rico. vive en-
su inayoria peor que ell obrero. pucsto
que con su humilde salario tiene que
vivir una vida como le manda SUI pro
fesion; debe frecuentar la sociedad, de
be atender su familia, no debe con-.
traer deudas con nadie, y sin embar-
go, ell sueldo mo le alcanza; cuando re
cibe ell cheque va no lie pertenece, y
veces siente con pesar que Sc cum
pla ell mes; siente recibir Ell sueldo, por
que no sabe como dividirlo; no Ia de
sobrarle NADIA ,tendra que quedar a de-
Der, necesita seguir comprando; de-
bera mas cada mes que transcurre.
Y olvidandose de las miserias que
pasa con los suyos, tiene que ir dia
riamente contento La escuelR, con
cara sonriente, propagar sus como
cimientos a la turba de chiquillos que
lie aguarda; representa- en- la sociedad
ell papel que cabe su alta profession,
etc.
Y iva a continuar ell maestro vivien
do en- esta forma? No; va muchos sc
han dado cuenta de que hay mas am
plios horizontes en- otras profesiones,
y van abandonando Ell magisterio, no
por falta de vocacion, sino porque tam
bien ell maestro necesita alimentarse,
necesita vivir. necesita que Sc lie con-
sidere, este no 10 encuentra dentro
de su profession, la abandona. Y asi
seguiran tras los unos los otros, hasta
que quede la instruction y educaci6n
del pueblo en- manos de profesores mex
pertos, inhabiles, sin preparation para
Ell trabajo, surgiran conhictos. te-
niendo que empezar por hacer expert
mentos que de NADIA serviran. Tendria
mos asi un retroceso enorme en- la edu
caci6n del pals que pudiera subsanarse
tempo. dando los maestros un sa
lario con Ell que puedan vivir decoro-
samente, aunque no hacer economics,
que nunca han podido hacerse en- esta
profession.
EMILIA MARTINEZ DUcos
Bayam6n. abriI 3. 1920.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1920-04-13
AspEcTos EcoNoMIcos
DE LA EMERGENCIA

LA presente emeraencia ednca-
cional es debida en- casi todos sus as
pectos los insufcientes salaries pa
gados a los maestros en- todo ell pals
Ell costo de la vida Sc ha mas
que duplicado EN- los tres tltimos amos,
mientras que ell aumento en- los sala
rios de los maestros al mismo tempo
ha sido el doce por cieato. Como con-
secuencia, casi La mitad do los macs
tros del pals estan obligados gastar
mas de 10 que ganan.
3.-Los maestros. 10 mismo que otros
trabajadores asalariados, no han teni
do aumento en- sus sueldos en- ell mis-
mo grado que otros trabajadores. Por
consecuencia, los maestros essan cons
tantemento obligados un modo sInas
bajo de vivir, Y por consiguiente,
un modo mas bajo de efciencia, por-
que no pueden afrontar ell alto costo
del alquiler de casa, comida, vestidos,
libros, etc,
4.-De varios estudios de budgets -
de muchas ocupaciones en- relaci6n con
el costo de la vida, Sc ha estimado
que ell minimo salario de $1,000 debe
s,r establecido para ell pals entero, y
p1gado en- doce meses. Un considera-
BILE nimero de maestros viven bajo el
margen de eficiencia. cientos de ellos
devolvieron sus cuestionarios anotados
asi: "Trabajo en- una farmacia duran
te ell verano", "Trabajo en- la casa
por mi habitacion v comida' "coso
para poder sufragar otros gastos''
'.Mis gastos del verano son pagados
por mi familia", ''No puedo economi
Ear sufciente dinero para ir una es-
cuela de verano'',
5.-A los maestros Sc les paga menos
que a miembros de otras profesiones--
sacerdotes. abogados, medicos, ingenie
ros, etc. FL salario medic es no solo
mayor. sino mucho mas grande, ofre-
ciendo asi promesa al capacitado, al
trabajador y al ambicioso en- las pro-
fesiones. Este falta en- Ell magisterio.
ga los maestrOs Sc les paga mu-
cho menos que a muchos trabajadores
inhabiles cuya preparation es muy cor
ia, y cuyos gastos ocasionados por su
ocupaci6n SON memories. Los presentes
salaries pagados los rnaestros puede
decirse que impones una penalidad a
la preparation sadecuada, puesto que
no hay oportunidad para una devolu-
ci6n adecuada sobre el tempo Ell di-
nero necesarios invertidos para ganar
dicha preparation.
Ell trabajo de rn maestro es mas
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1920-04-13
LA ECONOMICAL

Fonda Restaurant caAa dormits
rio. ETcslsnts ssrviciO sn conlids .
Ia carta.
Fl Restaurant mas popular On San
Juan por sus ssrvicios y condiments
ci6n en- Ii comids.
Telefono 11s. Restaurant Oristo 21
, dOrm.torio Cristo IA. Propietario.
PATRICIo BI.Asoo.
, 1920-07-15
More Highway Contracts.

Contracts totaling 100000 and pro-
viding for extensive road work i'm
prOvements in several sections Of the
state. will be awarded by the State
Highway Commission at its next
meeting. TO be held in Cheyenne on
August 3.
Plans for the proposed work are now
in the course of preparation and the
notices to contractors announcing the
projects 10 be improved and psking for
bids for their construction will be pub
lished within the next few days.
The department now has under way
projects totaling close to $5.O00,OoO, on
which construction is being pushed
with all possible speed. Contractors
for the department all have extra
large forces of men at work and are
using all the road machinery available
in the prosecution of their contracts.
, 1920-07-15
COMMON TICK CARRIES FEVER
Authorities Say Mountain Rabbits Arc
Worst Spreaders of Infection
Among Ticks.

The woodtick that causes spotted
v is not IL separate species hut is
the common variety that is found
everywhere in the spring months.
This is the report of DIR. Il. d.
Hitchcock, a noted cpidemiologist, who
is experimenting with ticks from To-
~calities where eases of the fever have
occurred this year.
1T is the ordinary tick that, has
gained its infection with the disease
from other sources. such MS rodents,
SnowShoe rabbits in particular. that is
responsible for spotted fever says
DIR. Hitchcock, This impression that
II different variety invariably carries
the fever germ is incorrect.
DIR. II. Il. Parker of the Montana
board of health is studying the tick
isease in the Bitter Root country, the
old stronghold for the fever, with
great success this year. His deduction
that. the snowshoe rabbit is n carrier
of the disease is being generally ac-
copied"
This source of fever infection is
pointed to for one of the reasons why
the disease has been confined to Ger
tain localities, although many eases ia
Continued on Page Four)
, 1920-07-15
MAsoNs AT INDEPENDENCE ROCK
Reproduction of Historical Meeting at
Famous Monument More Than
Fifty-Eight Years Ago.

Many RawliRs Masons journeyed to
Independence Rock on July 18th to par
ticipate in the Masonic exercises held
under the auspices of Casper Lodge No.
10, A. f. & A. NJ. on that afternoon.
says the Rawlins Republican.
Those from this city who attended
state that there was a large crowd
present and hat the exercises were
participated in by Masons from all
over the state.
Mondays Casper Tribune gives the
following account of the exercises:
Sunday, July 18th. was Il red-letter
day in the history of Wyoming Mason
ry. 1t marked the 5Sth anniversary of
, the first Masonic convention ever held
in what is now the grand jurisdiction
of Wyoming.
I'm the memorial services the idea
was to celebrate as nearly as possible
in form, the proceedings of that first
lodge convention on Independence
Rock IS ears ago. Past Grand Mas
ter Charles H. Townsend was master
of ceremonies throughout the day and
presided at the anniversary lodge
meeting. OF these rites the public is
not informed. They were held on the
same spot whereon Independence
Lodge No. 1 convened. with a reproduc-
ton of the lodge hall and n
mem of the same ceremonies. all taken
from a record of that event made by a
brother Mason at the time.
After the lodge nae suspended labor
and closed in u form, the master of
ceremonies congratulated the brethren
OF the order upon the entire success of
the anniversary celebration, and then
called upon Past Master Alfred ]. Mok-
Ter, the originator If the idea of the
memorial.
During the lodge meeting all ave
nues of approach to the lodge hall
were guarded by marshals of the order.
.'These ceremonies began promptly at
/ o'clock and it vas 2:30 when the
public assembled at the north md of.
the rock to. hear the oration-of- VIM
A. Riner, j. G.. w, and witness The
unwilling of the tablet set in the solid
rock by Grand Master Arthur X. Lee.
"Mr. Riner's address was a beauti-
full and eloquent word painting, fitting
in every respect to become a part of
the history of Independence Rock
, 1920-07-15
Timber Company Has Labor Trouble.

The Platte in the vicinity of Sara
toga is still Uttered with ties and tim
bers. due, it is said, to a strike of the
tie drivers for higher wages, which has
held up the work for the past two
weeks. 1t is reported thai the, COM
pany has been paying the men $3.50
per day and board. and they want still
more. 4 few men have been working
on the @ "a end of the drive. and Il few
timbers have been kept running. but
the delay while the river has been go
ing down has resulted in man. thous-
ands of the timbers being left high and
dry in slOughs and meadows, and great
difficulty will now be encountered in
getting them back into the stream.
Several weeks will probably be requir-
in which to complete the drive to
Fort Steele.
, 1920-07-15

weekly occurrence until a number of
the most Travelled streets have been
put in good condition. Nobody is bar
red and all have a cordial invitation to
get n rake or shovel and join in the
good work. The municipality has no
fund for street work this gear. and if
we are to have well-kept streets it is
up to the citizens to donate a little
time and assist in putting them in
shape. 1t is rumored that another
''~rock-rolling bee" will take place this
evening on River street, south from
the bridge, and that these physical cul-
ture stunts will he II regular Thursday
evening feature during the next few
weeks. or until some of the main thor
oughfares have undergone some con-
siderable Improvement.
, 1920-07-15
Connecting With No. l..

The new time card on the local rail
way went into effect today. and the SER
vice under the ncw schedule will be n
considerable improvement over the old
system. Superintendent McShane has
arranged with the Union Pacific for.
train No. / to stop at Walcott. and the
s.. II Il. will connect with that train
each monring, which arrangement will
be Il great convenience for people en-
route here from Rawlins inc west and
for outbound passengers who wish to
go east. The train now arrives here
from Encampment at :05 a. m. and
leaves for Walcott at S 80. The south
bound train will arrive here Mt - 20
p. IN. and leave for Encampment at
] 10.
, 1920-07-15

- A bunch of the local good roads
plished on Good Roads Day last month
through the removal from the valley
highways of the loose rock and other
instructions, suffered a relapse of the
good roads fever Monday evening and
turned out with rakes and shovels to
clean up the main street, which was
raked clean of rocks and debris from
the hotel corner to the bridge. Four
truck-loads of rocks, weeds, waste
paper, etc, were removed and the street
has been wonderfully improved. 1t is
threatened that this will be a regular
, 1920-07-15

ut that time that several cars of ma
terials for the drilling operations
would be arriving here within n few
lays and that The drilling would COM
mence at once, and from that time to
the present there has been nothing do
ing. No explanations have been forth
coming from any officials of the com
pnny' but it would appear that some
thing has effectually blocked the
wheels of progress in this field. The
company men had made many an
nouncements to the effect that the field
would be thoroughly ~prospected this
season, but their plans seem to have
miscarried to some extent.
, 1920-07-15
TALKS OF RANGE CONDITIONS.
John Clay Says the West is Con-
frOnted by Serious Conditions,
but VIII Recover Speedily.

John Clay. of. Clay, Robinson & Co.,
the oldest livestock commission house
in America, has been in intimate touch
with western range conditions for 40
years. and is a shrewd observer of all
matters pertaining to the live stock
business. \ recent issue of Clay
Robinson & Co.'S Live Stock report
summary of present conditions in the
Rocky Mountain area
Conditions in Wyoming and Mon
tana. from the standpoint of the live
stock men, are very bad. In Idaho
and Utah. while not so bad as in Mon
tan and Wyoming, they are below the
average. Losses in cattle in Wyoming
and Montana during the past winter
have averaged from 10 to % per cent
and the sheep losses are on an average
of from 10 to II per cent. The losses
in Idaho and Utah are not so great
but the cost of carrying the herds
through the winter of 1920 has been
enormous. 1t has cost on the average
p' ~" pc """ !" '"ii' S"''ie
'iiioush ne winner "iu irolh % u %o
head on sheep. In all my forty years
eAp'' until inns year l nave never
seeh 'he country WITHOUT d lie" stackS
of hay at the end of the season.
"A very serious condition exists in
'he west VIII regard 10 WOOL NO
wv "o'ms "hu Is 1T hiohe9
vi IL "ooi Unit Aeeps 'hines going
Nv ui Inns c'hui'iohi II
JUG W Nv siea' 'on.itroh VI circuit
soihs III 'n~roushou' 'he ohi.eu States.
ohiess sohe reiie ls optaiheu TINS VIII
oiea'e ii very seriou SITUATION al over
ne west All we can 40 is 10 nope
.hat either through lne Ieueral reserve
paiAs VI .nroush some o'her agency we
may pe aoie 10 get d iair amount ad-
'"nceu oi western WOOL
eoi'iac'ion VI creult that eN-
is's throughout the country is brought
ANU. III m9 !uuseMeht' iirst' py tne
A'ia.asahce oI 'he government Ill
""so me government eN-
penu'ures are iar IN excess Oh lts III
ohe anu uh'ii 'iis SITUATION changes
the government VIII use an OF the
easn II heeus ana which IL IS apie TO
er throush Aeuer"i reserve
aiihs
Secohu' me raiiroaus are unable
, 1920-07-15
FARMERS PAYING FOR MOISTURE
Atmosphere Saturated With EvapOra.
ting Chemicals and Bombs Fired
To Bring Rainfall.

Wyoming has had a fair share of
rain this season. But it has its dry
years, and Wyoming farmers will be in
terested in rainmaking experiments
that are under way in the state of
Washington. \ commercial club and
the farmers of its territory have just
paid a California rainmaker $1,000 an
inch for bringing rain in an area 100
miles wide which it is stated had been
threatened by drought. The rainmaker
said he could do it i'll about ten days.
1t rained on the eleventh.
In the meantime Mr.. Rainmaker sat
urated the atmosphere with quickly
evaporating chemicals and at the prop
er time shot off a few bombs. Happily,
J.. Pluvius uncorked his walls about
wetting. the drought was broken and
the country was saved.
The rainmakers have been doing IL
land office business in sections of Cal
ifornia this year. selling precipitation
by the inch. In the San Joaquin val
ley a rainmaker was paid for all pre-
cipitation recorded at II certain own in
March and up to April 10. In years
past San Joaquin valley has had the
reputation of receiving considerable
rain and this yea it received more
than ordinary, $ % presumably the rain
makers contract proved a profitable
one.
Rainmakers We're once upon a time
numerous in Kansas. Before
that, their operations may be traced
back to time immemorial. They have
brought it by nominations, by pound
ing on a drum, by %concocting strange
smells and mysterious potions re-
sembling witches brew.
In Kansas they learned by expert
ence that there was no use praying
for rain when the wind was in the
southwest. The successful rainmakers
are no doubt successful because they
select favorable occasions for making
rain.
The modern rainmaker bases his
claim on science and the use of chemi-
cal combinations or explosions in the
air, OF both. But their claims are dis
credited by the weather. bureau, which
tells us that rains, and storms of all
for that matter, are the result of
conditions which extend
over thousands of miles. 1t is stated
the great eddies of air causing con-
which result in drought are so
and so powerful that the puny
a man might make to change
them would be lost in the forces Of ma
ture.
OF course, in any country which nor
mally has rain, a dry spell must have
an ending. A prolonged drought which
makes people so desperate they will
n ~rainmaker, may well have
run its course and be due for a break
about the time the rainmaker arrives
on the job. But as to any effect that
the rainmakers may have upon the wea-
of any community it is much the
as the influence of the cocks
crow upon sunrise. 1t merely happens
it rains, just as it happens that
the rooster crows and then the sun
up.
, 1920-07-15

Saratoga's expected oil boom seems
to be still in the embryo state, the OPP
erations of the Big Bison Company
having been suddenly suspended after
the completion of the drilling rig on
the Pick Springs Company's land, II
few miles below town. L. p. Wilcox,
general manager of the company, who
was here u few weeks ago, announced
, 1920-07-15
Episcopal Church.

Preaching services both morning and
evening next Sunday. Rev. James
Williams, Pastor of the Church of the
Holy Cross. Brooklyn, N. Y, who is
spending his vacation in the valley,
will preach at both services. Morning
service at IL o'clock and evening SER
vice at s o'clock. A cordial invitation
is extended to all.
, 1920-07-15

Mrs. d. w. Snyder of lakewood,
Okla, and Misses Mary and Elizabeth
shively of Oklahoma City, Okla, ar
rived here last week and are guests
for agfew weeks at the home of their
brother, Ed. shively, of the Tilton &
Son store.
The Nenana daily news., 1920-02-09
SMUGGLERS ARE BUSY NOW ALONG
 CANADIAN SIDE

BUFFALO, N. Y.-Old tricks are being revived and new ones invent ed by smugglers who are matching their wits against those of the cus- toms officers in an effort to bring contraband whisky from Canada into the United States.
 The tide of the whisky movement, which for more than two years flowed from the United States into Canada, has turned back. The same smugglers who once took long chances to send liquor across the border into Canada are now at tempting to evade the American in- stead of Canadian laws.
 There has been a partial lifting of the ban in Canada. The order in-council issued by the Dominion government in wartime, which pro- hibited inter-provincial traffic in in ltoxicating liquor, was rescinded on December 31.
 Ontario still has dry law pro- hibiting the sale of liquor across bars or in any way except by gov ernment vendor upon an order from physician. This Ontario law, how ever, cannot prevent inter-province traffic by mail and express. Conse- quently, Americans who want to take chances with the customs laws have experienced little difficulty in having liquor delivered at the Unit ed States border.
 { Some of the tricks used to evade detection by Canadian customs in spectors when the movement of liquor from the United States to Canada was in progress were very ingenious. Spare tires on automo- piles turned out to be receptacles for contraband wet goods. Parti- toned gasoline tanks served the same purpose. A hot water bottle used by woman feigning illness was found to contain whisky. A carload of scrap iron billed from Detroit to Buffalo over the Michi- gan Central railroad was sidetrack- ed somewhere in Ontario and whis- ky was substituted for the iron. The liquor was seized at Buffalo. l Customs inspectors here expect a revival of these tricks and develop ment of others in order to bring liquor from Canada into the United States. The force of inspectors on 1 this side of the Niagara river from Buffalo to Fort Niagara has been increased.
The Nenana daily news., 1920-02-09
FRANCE EXPECTS
 GREAT INFLUX 0F
 YANKEE STUDENTS

PARIS.-This year is likely 70 see a great influx of American stu dents to French universities, in the opinion of H. s. Krans, secretary of the American University Union in Europe. MT. Krans' new Paris headquarters, facing the Luxerbourg Gardens, are being fitted up to re- ceive and advise seekers after knowledge from overseas.
 Founded shortly after Americas $ entrance in the war, by fifteen of the leading American universities and colleges, the union now has 33 American learned institutions on its membership list, including Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Johns Hopkins, Princeton, and other leading uni versailles and colleges throughout the United States.
 Paris is destined to become the brain of the world" said Mr. Krans to a correspondent of The Associat- ed Press. German universities will be largely avoided by Americans. Dogged determination was shown by one young New York student who arrived here with the problem how to board and live on six france q day. Through the medium of the union, French landlady gave him a small room for two france a day. The young man cooks his own meals and is passing rich on four francs day"
 French teachers and students are constant and eager inquirers at the unions Paris home. Many of them are anxious to take a course of studies in the United States. Four teen French students are already studying in American universities on free scholarships from fund col lected by 5000 American students in recognition of the hospitality ex- tended to them by French universi- ties during the war.
 The Society for American Eel lowships in French universities ;s planning to send 20 Americans each year to the Sorbonne and other French seats of learning; nor will the Alsatian university of Strasburg be neglected. Twenty-Five scholar ships for American girls in France are already filled
The Nenana daily news., 1920-02-09

C. Dahl, who has a rabbit farm lon Spuhn island, across the bar from Juneau, is raising Siberian hares, and has already steady sale for the animals at 50 cents a pound. These rabbits are also quite valua- ble for their fur and it is stated they are quoted at s15 per pelt. MT. Dahl disposes of about 100 pounds per pelt.
 Nenana, Where Rails and Rivers Meet
The Nenana daily news., 1920-02-09
DERELICT ARMY TRUCKS
 ARE TO BE SALVAGED

LONDON. - Large numbers of derelict army trucks now rusting where they were abandoned in she'll swept areas in France are to be "rescued" and brought back to Eng land by the ministry of transport.
The Nenana daily news., 1920-02-09

Fairbanks experienced a severe windstorm yesterday, and it is fear ed that drifts along the right-of- way on Goldstream will give the train crew considerable trouble to- morrow.
The Nenana daily news., 1920-02-09

Mail advices received in Fairbanks on the last stage announce the mar riage of Mrs. Mary Anderson, for mer business woman of Fairbanks. The letter does not give the name of the husband, but says the newly weds will reside in San Francisco.
The Nenana daily news., 1920-02-09
PERSONAL
F. ssssssxssSsssssss s

John Brewer. head of the Brewer Fairbanks-Ch stage line, left Fairbanks for Chitina this morning, after stay of several days in the upper town.
 Mail leaving Fairbanks on Janu- ary 14 reached Seattle on Febru- ary 6. "-..
 Second class mail will arrive from Fairbanks on tomorrow's train. :.