Evening star., 1920-02-29
COOPERATIVE EFFORT
IS GAINING FOOTHOLD
IS Spirit Is Seen, While Extremes, Both of
Capital and of Labor, Represent
Autocratic Point of View.
RY RAY sTANNARD BAKER.
Article XVIII.

. A<A~N-N EhASD As<As>..s'
Article XVIII.
N this article-the last Of the Sc
ries-I wish to take up certain
loose ends and suggest certain
general aI:conclusions.
Boiled down., the present Crisis III
nerica-and for that matter IN the
yrld-represents a struggle 10 es'
pc from the chaos OF industrsaa ,~.a, ~ar.
re. with the waste and 1nemclehcy
hich characterize war, into ne"
ign of law and order. LAW ana or :
IN however much the term may DC
used. is today the passionate oesire
e deep need, of the whole worio.
desired and needed in international
fairs: still more desired and neeoeo
n the great field Of industry.
Three methods are proposed for at
lining law and order in industry.
The first is that of extreme conser-
tiyes like Judge Gary of the United
ates steel Corporation. who would
force law and order from above by
rtue of maintaining a determined
tfocracy of capital. While power
nlly organized themselves, employ
3 who hold TO this point Of view use
cry device to keep labor dfsorgan.
sd Judge Gary will neither meet
,r deal with outside representatives
union labor, nor will ne recognize
sanixa .ions within his mills.
IL employers of this type are forced
the growing power of labor to deal
it'll me unions 1t is in no real spirit
co-operation: they merely sign
uce. and the attitude on both sides
mains one Of suspicion and hostility,
hich may at any moment name up In
,en war tstrikes, loekouts).
Extreme Radical Movements.
The second method is that Of the ex-
ame radicals. An examination OF the
Streme radical movements among
nerican workers will show that most
them have for their central purpose.
,wever vaguely expressed, however
lied, the imposition of law and order.
,on industry through autocratic con-
oil by labor They see only injustice,
,npression. inefficiency. in the autocra-
Of capital-and they fly to the other
:treme Labor must rule! is the
osan of revolutionary radicalism. Ex-
eme conservatism thus breeds extreme
ldicalism. Czarism breeds Bolshe-
SIN. The exemplification Of this ex-
eme point of view is found in the
dictatorship of the proletariat now
listing in Russia
While the great masses of labor in
tnGIlCd lOuAy AA0 HSS = Ct SooSAaSA =" sSsA
us extreme spirit. nevertheless labor
hons are growing now as never be-
re /: they are penetrating many indus
les formerly unorEanised. like the steel
ills and the textile industries They
ave already conquered the packing
ouse industries. They are going into
olitics as never before, with the sue
,sses Of the labor party In England
F., cheer them on. They are undertake
- Anfn
cooperative enterprises designed to
,rve the sole needs Of the workers.
To any honest observer who surveys
re development Of the past twenty-five
ears it is clear that while they have
,st battles. the workers are winning the
ar One need only recall as evidence
{ this advance the immense body Of
.bor legislation passed during the last
w years In America and the fact that
nt's cabinet ono need only recall the
art which labor leaders played during
no war. and. finally. the power exhibited
ecently by labor organisations in the
teel and coal strikes and in the rail-
Dad controversy. While the masses Of
american labor may not subscribe to
he outright program Of the extreme
that Labor must rule :" yet the
Thole drift Of the labor movement is
q that direction.
/. New tiveRelatiensAiD.
The third method represents q Wig
roos rejection Of the 4whole idea Of
utocracy = either the blind and
reedy autocracy Of capital or the
Dugh autocracy Of labor. A sturdy
nd wholesome voice Is rising power
ather angry, but full of vitality
QAc S2Y8.
"A plague O. both your houses. We
III be bossed naither by Gary nor by
[aywood. nor By the ideas that they
ersonify. Get together now and do
our job Give US production; give
. clothes and coal and steel and food
and stop your fighting about it,"
Out Of this, spirit and out of the
ed condition Of incipient civil war
l industry have produced has sprung
he remarkable movement which I
ave already described toward a new
cooperative relationship between em-
loyers and workers and gradual
of democratic for auto
ratio control Of industry. It repre-
ents an about-face; a new spirit; a
ew attitude. It is opposed by both
loyer class and the wilder radicals.
ut it IL being accepted by the young
r, more progressive leaders among
9th employers ana lWotkers and is
with great rApfdfty
Today the two 3deaS-democracy
ersus autocracy1ale. ttfuggltn8 for
in Amef1cAn, industry. Upon
he issue, hangA %. . large extent
he future welfare and progress Of the
The great need Of . woIid that II
hort of clothing. 1aod,s housing. man.
materials Of aal kinds IL
aore production, LII .f'
The old autocratic method of con-
rol has been weighed In the balance
nd found wanting. 1t has been in-
nicient and wastefuf to q degree that
ew people realise Scientists in in-
have declared that our indus
quarter as much ~ they might pro-
uce, without cent OF additional
apital, il methods Of handling both
machinery and personnel were pers
ected. Morale in industry has drop
ed below zero. Autocratic employ
rs think sometimes that while they
ave prevented labor organization or
trikes and secured efficiency; but as
matter of fact they suffer contin-
ally from a kind Of chronic disease Of
triking. Experienced men leave
heir jobs and new and inefficient men
ave to be brought in and tfained-a
cry expensive process. The Tabor
turnover" today in American indus
ry is appalling. and labor turnover
s only a chronic phase Of the disease
4 striking. 1t is az though general
we're trying to fight a battle with
Ialf or two-thirds of his trained men
Ieserting all the time, with raw re-
ruits taking their places! Another
dement, of Grass inefficiency is to be
ound in intermittent employment, as
n the coal mining industry; another
II the want of any systematic effort
o train and educate workers to do
heir work well instead of carelessly.
Importance Of Tean Play.
g Under the new plan of cooperative
,ffort production increaseS with the
lew spirit OF the shop. Team play
becomes as important to industry AZ
o base ball-team pla&s and sacrifice
hitting. And with honest co-opera-
ion the worker will share in the re-