davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29

to convalesce. There was no hos
pital. Saws. hammers and other
carpenter tools are often the only
equipment a medical worker in the
foreign mission field has. An oper-
ating table is almost unknown"
DR.. Lerrigo outlining the work
the Bartist missionaries are doing
declared that unless modern equip
ment was supplied this work would
become Z waste of human skill and
sacrifice.
To Purchase Supplies.
We. look forward to great
strides as result OF the money to
be spent by the northern Baptista
in their new world movement. The
purchase Of supplies and surgical
equipment out of the 100000, 900
to be raised will be boon to thou
sands Of poor natives and sores Of
harrassed doctors in the far east.
In India now medical missionaries
are upsetting a whole world of in
gerited superstitions. by means OF
the microscope. When an Indian
boy looks through high powered
microscope at drop Of water
taken from the scored" Ganges
river and sees the germ life
swarming in the water, lurking
doubts Of its holiness creep into
his mind and what has been re-
garded as an act of devotion ap-
pears to him as a filthy custom
perilous to health. We alread,
have ~ hospitals in the orient do
ing the work Of relieving suffering
and enlightening natives and pro.
pose to add 10 more in the next five
years.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
RIVER STATES
Of SOUTH ARE
GROWING CORN
Statistics Of 10 Years Show South.
ern States As New Rivals
Of "C0rn King States.

Memphis, Tenn.-An increase Of
more than $1,000. 900, 900 in crop
production was made by states Of
the lower Mississippi valley in the
10 years from 1910. according to
estimates by the Southern Alluvial
Land association. Of Memphis. The
development is attributed to the
reclamation and cultivation OF
thousands Of acres of low lands,
and to the fact that farmers are
getting away from a one-crop sys-
TEN, producing general farm crops
and livestock in addition to cotton.
The greatest growth in farm
wealth is shown by Arkansas,
which is credited with a gain OF
more than 700 per cent in &c years.
In 1910 the crop wealth Of Arkan-
sas was $50 900. according to
government estimates. Last year it
is estimated to have reached at
least s40o,OO0,0o0.
Gain in Many States.
Crop production in Mississippi
last year is estimated at s400, 000,-
900 whereas it was but $84, 000,0
10 years ago.
The Tennessee gain was from
$40 100000 in 1910 to s335, 10000
in 1918, or more than 800 per cent
in 10 years.
Higher prices for farm crops last
year than in previous years are
considered in estimating the gain,
according to the Memphis associa-
ton.
1t is only in the last few years
that there has been a big crop
production in the one-time over
flowed areas OF Arkansas. Louis
lana and Mississippi, according to
the Southern Alluvial Land asso-
citation. The assistance given by
the federal government in the
building of levees to end overf1ows
by the Mississippi river. and the
development of drainage on a big
scale has made possible the recla-
nation and cultivation Of idle
lands which now are producing the
added crop wealth of lower volley
states.
States Ship Hogs.
AS showing big strides in gen.
eral farming and livestock raising.
it is pointed out that none of the
states of the lower valley formerly
shipped more than 10000 head of
hogs a year to outside markets.
whereas the one state of Missis-
sippi last year shipped nearly
s5,UO0,000 worth Of hogs to market.
+. Inroads of the cotton boil
weevil a few years ago is attrib-
uted the rapid change from the
one-crop system to the diversified
+, system now being practiced. 1t
is declared that farmers no longer
depend wholly upon their cotton
but back it with general farm
: crops.
! The Memphis association asserts
that the tide Of immigration is
shifting from the west and north
west to the south. with a very
noticeable flow into the lower Mis-
sissippi valley.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
pOSTOFFICE IN
MOLINE TAKEN
OVER BY GOULD
Commission. Long Delayed, Arrives
and Change VIII Become FL.
fective Wednesday.

Charles V. Gould of Moline, for
the past quarter OF century a
postofice employe, assumes his du-
ties as Moline postmaster next
Wednesday, March 81. The office
has been held for the past six years
by Edward Coryn.
Mr.. Gould's commission arrived
yesterday, nearly fifty-three weelss
after the first call issued by the
civil service commission announc-
ing examinations for the appoint
ment to succeed the retiring post
master. The change will be effect
ed without formality.
Mr.. Gould will be the first post
master in the city under the civil
service appointment. His tenure Of
Office, however, is specified for four
years by the presidential commits
sion which he received yesterday.
1t may be automatically renewed at
the end of that period.
Examined Year Ago.
Mr.. Coryn, the retiring officer,
lookup his duties in the Office June
, 10, 1914, and upon expiration of the
term no effort was made TO fill the
vacancy. In February he present
ed his resignation. The civil serv-
| ice commission issued calls for ex-
animation March 8. News was re-
ceived in Moline in July that Mr..
Gould had attained the highest
ranking Of the 10 applicants for the
commission. 1t was not until Jan.
IS that the presidents appointment
was formally announced. This
was confirmed by the senate. March
| 9 began the term of Office. The sal
ary Is fixed at $500.
Mr.. Gould entered the employ OF
the postoffice at the age of II years
He served for a short time under
his father. the late Dan W. Gould
He returned to the Office at the age
of % years. and has been there
continuously. At the time he took
the examination he was cashier.
The retiring postmaster will de-
vote his time to his banking inter-
ests.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
FLOODS Above;
LACROSSE HAS
12-F00T STAGE

Lacrosse, Wis, March 29.-With
the food stage of II feet already
passed and the water in the Mis-
sissippi river rising an inch an
hour, Lacrosse is confronted by
what promises TO be the worst food
in years.
In the south end of Lacrosse
residents are moving household
goods from residences already sur
rounded by water. Pettibone park.
the city's island resort, is entirely
submerged. The crest of a flood
which passed Black River Falls
Saturday and was pronounced the
highest in so years, is pouring into
the Mississippi here today.
Thousands of acres Of farm lands
north and south of Lacrosse are
under water and farmers are NOV
ing livestock to the highlands. Doz-
ems of summer homes are partially
submerged.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
BURGLARS TAKE
MANY ARTICLES
At RUSS HOME
Early Sunday Night Robbery Nets
Thieves About 900 in Clothing
and Jewelry.

Burglars used = Jimmy" on q
window at the home of W. A. Russ.
1929 Ninth avenue, early last night.
and succeeded in getting away
with a considerable amount of
clothing. two watches. two bar
pins, money and other articles.
The police received a call from
the Russ home at $40 o'clock last
night. telling of the robbery. which
took place while the family was
downtown.
The burglars ransacked the en-
tire home. throwing things around
and upsetting the entire house.
One gold and one silver watch, two
bar pins. about 50 in change, a
check for $37, three purses, one
suit of mems clothing, six silk
shirts. s25 cravats, pair of shoes,
collars and other articles of cloth
ing we're among the articles taken.
The loss is estimated by the family
to be in the neighborhood of be-
tween 5000 ad $500.
That the thieves took their time
In the work of ransacking the
home was shown by the scores OF
burnt matches that were found in
the house. Piles of chared sticks
were found around each dresser or
other place where the thieves had
made an exhaustive search for val
uables.
1t was deemed miraculous by the
family that the home was not set
on fire from the way the robbers
had thrown matches promiscuous-
ly over carpets and rugs.
A check book that was taken by
the thieves was found today in a
yard on Sixth avenue and Seven
teenth street. The police say that
they have no clues as to the iden-
tity of the thieves.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
WESTERN GAS
RAISES RATES
$50 TO S1.lI

Chicago, March 29.-Incre.,. !.
cost Of material and labor mai. :
necessary for the Western t,,...
Gas and Electric COMPANY ia n.
its rates from soc sl.25 per tho,'
sand cubic feet, according to cl,,n.
made before the state u,;,,.,.
commission here today. This ~.
pany serves "a cities and comma.
tiles in Illinois. a'i'
The Coal Products Manufac,,,
ing company from which the IN.
ed company buys its gas has nj.
ed the price from Is to a. csn,.
per thousand feet. testimony sho.
ed. United States Congre,,r.,
Ira c. Copley. president Of ho ,s,
companies, said that the rni,ss
company lost more than slas M
during 1919. An annual incom, !,
s45O,OOO is necessary to carry er
its operations, he said.
The United company. the Cha,
Products company, and the mi
nois Commercial and Mining com,
pany practically form one or,,n,
ization, according to testimon,
They offered their books for 4,
spection of the commits ion
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
KILLS SELF As
POL|CE FOLLOW
GALL TO HOUSE
John NpIRix Strikes Wife During
Quarrel Over Money and Then
Sheds Sell.

John Mulnix, aged ~, 725 TWEEN
ty-third street, died at St Al
thongs hospital at $3.50 o'clock
Sunday morning. a suicide.
Mulnix shot himself at 1910
Sunday morning In the middle of
the forehead. using .3S caliber re-
yolyer. He was rushed to the hos
pital where he was attended by DR..
A. n. Mueller. From the first Il
was seen that nothing could be
done to save the mans life, DR..
Mueller said today. The bullet had
entered the forehead directly above
the nose. ranged to the right and
lodged In the skull hear the right
ear. fracturing the skull in that
area. The bullet passed through
the brain, but the man lived nearly
two hours after the shooting.
Neighhors Call Police.
Coroner John F. Maberry said
that Mulnix had quarreled with his
wife over money matters just be-
fore he shot himself. During the
!. alteration Mulnix was SAID by
I Coroner Maberry to have struck
his wife. She ran out of the house
and other renters called the police
Police Chief Tom Cox and Sta
ton Officer Charles Miner hurried to
( the scene to arrest the man, but
when they arrived they were told
that Mulnix had shot himself. The
ofiicors called Or. Mueller, who or
dered the man taken to the hos
pltal.
Mulnix had been employed at the
Rock Island arsenal as black.
Emith. Coroner Maberry said that
he had obtained evidence tina,
would show that the man was men.
tally deranged. His wife. Gladys
Mulnix. said that she had noticed
her husband acting strangely fol
some time, according to Coroner
Maberry.
The man came to Rock Isdani
last October from Sterling, i'll. HI
had been married before.
Coroner's Inquest Held.
A coroner's inquest was he'll
over the body at the Hodgson un
dertaking parlors at 1890 o'clocl
yesterday morning and a verde
was rendered that Mulnix had COM
TO his death due to a gunsho
wound self-inflicted with suicida
intent.
Mulnix was born at Sterling, III
Nov. "a, 1877. He has son ant
daughter living at Morrison, Ill
children of his first wife
His widow. 10-months-old step
daughter and two brothers are tn
remaining survivors. The brother
live at Sterling.
81 Dewitt Mulnix. the son, arrived II
Rock Island today and made ar
arrangements to ship the body of hi
father hack to Sterling for buria
The funeral will he held tomorrow
afternoon and interment will be il
the Sterling cemetery.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
FORMER MAYOR
SERIOUSLY ILL

Former Mayor William McCono-
chic is i'll and reported in ser
ious condition at his home, 251S
Seventh avenue. With rest and
confinement to his bed for some
time he will recover. according to
the attending physician.
His illness is due to leakage Of
the heart. and was aggravated by
over-exertion a week ago, from
which time his illness has dated.
He had been active and in the best
of health all winter
A consultation of physicians was
held last Friday. DR.. A. E. Will
liams, in attendance on Mr.. McCon-
ochie. states that the chance for a
complete recovery is good
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
BRITISH MINE MEN
TO CAST VOTE ON
GOVERNMENT SCALE

London, March 29.--The mine
workers delegates in conference
here decided today upon a ballot Of
the men as to whether the govern
ments offer of 20 per cent in
crease on gross earnings should be
accepted or strike called for the
three shillings minimum increase
demanded.
This decision was arrived at after
consideration of the governments
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29

notified the department. Q, q.
merce today that they Womb
fuse to accept any drafts ~ =
warding until the present d.. =
the Polish banks in meetin, ~, y =
obligations was obviated.
A period of from six to -.
months now elapses betvs.. sat
cefpt OF the drafts and payms,, !"
the Polish banks. the banks,,
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29

The belief in the luck Drinking
power of the horseshoe attained its
greatest diffusion at the end Of tho
18th and the beginning Of the 18th
century. Lord Nelson had a horse
shoe nailed to the mast Of the Vic.
tory; and in many towns il was
not unusual to see half OF the
houses with horseshoes fastened
over the door.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
MISSION SURGEONS
'REQUIRE SPARTAN
COURAGE OF ILL

Il have performed operations on
a dining table and used a buck saw
to sever BONES" DR.. P. H. Lerrigo,
secretary of the American Dentist
Home Mission society reported to
Baptist headquarters today. This
was in Africa. There are dozens
Of medical missionaries up against
the same thing. / remember one
doctor in China after performing .
dificult abdominal operation on \
Chinese boy having to place his
patient under the shade Of Z tree
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
CHICAGO RECORDS
QUAKE SHOCK FROM
1000 MILES AWAY

Chicago, March %. An earth
quake shock OF considerable in
.ensity was recorded by the seis-
mograph in the office of the wealth
er bureau here. The tremors start
ed at l1:l4 p, m. Yesterday, and
continued until 1920 a. M. TODAY.
1t was conferred approximately
twelve hundred miles from Chi
cago.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
SEAMEN'S ACT OF
LAFOLLETTE HELD
CONSTITUTIONAL

Washington. March 29.--The SD
preme court, in deciding appeals
brought by British ship owners. to-
day upheld the constitutionality of
the provisions of the LaFollette
seamen's act. relating to the pay
ment of wages to seamen upon de-
mands.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
5000 ARMENIANS =
SLAIN LAST MONTH

Constantipole, March %. - An.
proximately eight thousand Armen.
ians were killed in the Marash
massacres last month. according to
reports from Americans.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29

new proposal of . 20 per cent In
crease on gross earnings with .
minimum nat advance OF two shil-
lings for all workers over is years
OF age, one shilling for workers be-
tween is and Is years, and nine
pence for workers under 10 years.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
BANKS HOLD UP
POLISH RECEIPTS
OVER NEW DELAYS

Washington, March 29.-Several
American banks which have been
transmitting large sums of money
from citizens of the United States
to relatives and friends in Poland,
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
Fancy Printed Voiles:

Fancy Printed Voiles:
Light and dark ground, floral de-
signs, large coin dots, scroll patterns,
etc. lengths up to 10 yards, 30 inches
wide, worth 75c, on sale at 49c yard.
Plain fine sheer batiste, al inche.
wide, little soiled on the edges, but
hardly noticeable; worth Csc, for 49c
yard.
Plain White Wolfe:
80 inches wide, white, up to 10
| yard lengths; worth 75c; our New
! York purchase makes them acc yard.
White stripe garadine skirtins, a
little soiled; So inches wide, worth
Sc for 49c yard.
Plain White Rep, Sc inches wide,
little soiled on the wholesalers
shelves; worth S5c, for 4sc yard.
Plain white stripe "Linweave De
Luxe" worth $l.25, going at Csc I'd.
New figured silk georgette crepes,
entirely new patterns: 1897 yard.
New fancy figured 40-inch crepe
de chine. at 1897 yard. ~--
New 4O-inch French serge, navy
blue, brown, copen, green, ETC., all the
leading shades, at $3.50 yard.
New spring coating broadcloth.,
already shrunk and sponged, 5O-inch,
! 4.75 yard.
Navy blue taffeta silk, So inch.
! $3.25 yard.
New spring plaid coatings; all wool
! velours; at $500 yard.
Silk and cotton 36-inch figured
i erepe., that look like $2.96 crepe de
chimes, but are $l.25 yard.
Splendid lot Of 36-inch colored
4 d.e.. ..tins, $3.2s yard.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
GIRL FACES COURT
IN FATHERS DEATH

ST. Louis, Mo-, March 29.-Ursula
Broderick, Is years old. who killed
her father in 1915, today was
placed on trial in juvenile court
here on charge of first degree
murder for killing her stepfather,
Joseph F. Woodlock. April Is, last.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
NOTICE TO CONTRACTORS

Bids will be received 9 a. m.
April II. 1920. for constructing a
storm drain On Sixteenth avenue
from Third street to Fifth street,
north on Fifth street TO Fifteenth
avenue, then east to Ninth street.
then north on Ninth street to
Twelfth avenue, then east 10 Elev-
enth street
II. NJ. SCHRIVER, Mayor.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
NOTICE TO CONTRACTORS

Bids will be received 9 a. m.
April s, 1920, for paving of Forty
nrst street Fourteenth to Eigh-
teeBth avenue, with asphaltic con-
crete,
Fl. NJ. SCHRIVER, Mayor.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29

Speaking generally, mans
head. particularly if he is a think
ing man. continues to increase in
size until he is 40 or 50 years of
age.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
Obituary


Madeline D'Haners, S-months-old
daughter OF Mr.. and Mrs. Edwin
D'Haners. First street and Fifth
avenue. died ut s o'clock yesterday
morning from . complication Of
diseases.
Funeral services were held at the
st. PauI's Catholic church at 3
o'clock this afternoon. Rev. Peter
Zwart officiating. interment was
made in Calvary cemetery.
Mrs. Lon Arsast.
John n. Hauptmann, 1907
Twelfth street. accompanied by his
wife and cousin, Miss Emma
Hauptmann, left this morning for
Nauvoo, H., to attend the funeral
of his sister, Mrs. Lou Argast, who
died Saturday morning at her
home in Nauvoo from an attack of
heart trouble.
Mrs. Argast was 56 years cid.
She was born in Sheboygan. Wis.
and when young girl came to
Nauvoo with her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Michael Hauptmann. She
was married to Lou Argast in 1883.
Mrs. Argast was a devoted member
OF the Lutheran church. She was
loved and respected by all who
knew her.
Surviving are the widower and
one daughter. Grace, one son and
one daughter having preceded her
| in death. Two brothers, Mr..
Hauptmann Of Rock Island and
George, of Tulsa, Okla. also sur
Ivive.
Robert Beaver.
Robert Jackson Beaver, months
old. son OF Mr.. and Mrs. John j.
Beaver Of 1920 Fourteenth avenue,
died at $50 yesterday OF bronchial
pneumonia. The child had been i'll
for only a few days.
Surviving, in addition to the par
ents. are two sisters. Adeline
Montgomery and Kathleen Virginia,
! and one brother. Charles Edward
The body was sent today to
Mt. Carroll, H., where interment
will take place Wednesday after
noon. Funeral services will be
held from the home of the grand
parents. Mr.. and Mrs. John Jack
son Beaver. at Mt. Carroll.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
Two Bargains in Mems Socks:

Two Bargains in Mems Socks:
Mems fine guage seamless cotton
socks. High spliced heel, double sole
and toe, in white and black, worth
39c, special 29c.
Mems cotton hose, double heel and
toe, in tan, black and white, Csc val.
ues for 19c.
Two Quart Hot Water Bottles 7se.
A real bargain in hot water bot.
ties, made by the Goodyear Rubber
Co.; seconds" but guaranteed.
Worth $3.50 in a regular way; the
triAing imperfections make them 75e
each.
White Lace Cloth, 36-inch, about
$50 yards, worth 75c, going in this
sale at Soc yard.
Black and white stripe twill skirt
ing: So inches wide, wool finish, in a
good variety of patterns. Should sell
regularly for CSC, but on sale at Sc
yard.
Groceries, Tuesday:
Best steam rendered Lard taoo
pounds to each for 49c with other
groceries.
"Colden Key" Euaporated Milh
four small cans to each for Csc.
Extra Blend" coffee. Cooked pork tendcr,om'
aSe ID. sliced, half lb. for 3se.
Johnson's rye -Four. Meat 'o''' '"e'''
$1.z5 sack TO- ..x
SINNERS mae roni -.
p"s Brick cheese. 3Se D.
Broken rice, two ibs Pure strained honey
ior zSc. 3oe jar.
Tomato puree for SOUP blue Ribbon" apple
three cans for 2Se. butter. acc can
Canned puns in syrup. Orange mAfm
1Se can. 3se jar.
80 p'' serves. sec jar
-" az "Crisco" three pesns
Bulk dates zoe H. can $1.1s.
Picked cut beets, large SandwichOl two ~"
can 17He. for 2se.
Canned tomatoes, two Queen Olives aSe y
cana fer "a OIL ssrdnes, 4 cars ~
Fresh so6a eraeksrs 2Se.
two p,u,as fer ase. Dill pickles, 7Se ~
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
GYM CAMP AIGN
TEAMS REPORT
$4,000 TOTAL
Rock Island Army Of Workers
Dine 1t Rock Island Club
Postpone Banquet.

Nearly s30.00O has been re.
ported by the Rock Island
teams canvassing the city In
the drive TO raise SS9.000 to re.
move the debt on the Angus.
tana college gymnasium con-.
munity center. The committee
as a whole met st the Rock Is.
land club this noon and team
captains reported the gains
since last Friday, S3.43l being
announced. giving the local
team a total Of Sss.::95.;O rails
ed since the campaign started
last Thursday morning. Mo-
line teams have reported 8 1853.
making a grand total to date OF
$34.65S.sO.
The banquet which was to
have been held at the college
gymnasium Wednesday even
ing 10 hear reports from all
workers has been Indefinitely
postponed. II was reported to.
day.
Success of the drive to wipe ou
the debts incurred in the construc
ton of the Augustana gymnasium
a $4,000 goal being set for botf
Rock Island and Moline teams, i;
in sight for the local teams. A
the dinner this noon when thu
teammates got together and re
ports were given. amid much en-
thusiasm. s3,431 in pledges wer'
reported and the prospects for thu
Rock Island team breaking thu
tape ahead of the Moline campaign
ers are bright
Moline Reports Tomorrow.
Up to date, Moline workers hav'
reported but $1,000 in comparison
to the S29.295 announced by J. l.
Vernon, campaign leader of the Is
lander forces. Their competitor
are to meet tomorrow noon at thu
Moline Commercial club at whicl
time it is expected that large ad
vances will be recorded for them
The plan to hold big banque
of all workers at the college gym
Wednesday night and take a gram
inventory Of the stock of pledge
has been abandoned. no definit
arrangements having been an
nounced for future gathering o
the twin-city teams.
NJ, If@
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29
TOday'S Results.

Results announced Today were as
follows;
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-03-29

s=zgssAs DELINEATOR SUBSCRIPTIONS
Ladies whose subscriptions expire with the March, April May
numbers oneha regular prices while Miss Nube
is The price, aso subscriptions while
she s here <assss, s.sa usD~-