davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1920-08-26
The Passing of Hand Labor

Modern business, or rather the
manufacturing business, has long
realized that volume of business
and profit depend to great ex-
tent upon saving labor wherever
possible, and particularly upon re-
placing hand labor with machine
labor where a machine can perform
the work better and more quickly.
The same change is placing farm
ing upon better business basis.
For years, Of course, field work has
been done largely by machinery.
Otherwise Americas tremendous
agricultural production would have
been impossible. And now this
same increase in operating efficiency
is spreading to the doing of the
lesser work on the farm. Chores
have always been a burden. They
have faced the farmer or his boy
twice a day, once before and once
after the regular days work. They.
have meant grinding drudgery.
And their worst feature has been
that they had to be done almost
exclusively by hand.
With the coming of electricity
to the farm through the medium
of the farm electric light and power
plant, this condition has been
greatly changed. Thousands Of
farms in America are today entire
ly free of the tiresome part of
chore work. Before dawn in the
morning there is plenty of bright
electric Zig bit in the barns while the
milking is going on. And the
milking itself is done not by hand,
slowly and laboriously as before,
but by small electric motor.
One man can easily do the work
that took two or three before. The
separating and the churning can be
done in the same way. And so
with the grindstone, the corn
shelter, tanning mill and Other
light farm machinery. Where two
men worked before, one of then
always turning the crank, now one
man feeds the machine, bosses the
Job and the electric motor does the
4 rest. And pumping, one of the
biggest jobs on the farms is now
done by an electric pump that i.
entirely automatic.
| In the house the same labor
saving is seen, only in this case i
| is the farm women who benefit
Washday is now thing of electric
machines and irons instead of tn.
old fashion Of bending over a tut
all day. Sweeping is done bette
and quicker by electricity.
This is surely the age of efficien
Icy, Hand labor is passing in thu
country as it has in the city.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1920-08-26
Zoe and
- Her Problems

Max came hurriedly carrying a
string Of fish. II must try and tx
UP a shelter in case it rains" he
said. Il was going to dress and
cook the fish for our dinner but
won't have time. Am sorry,
mother" He took up the ak and
started for thiclet. Another
rumble reached their ears.
"You won't have time to fix a
shelter for us all, Max, but Homer
must not get wet. We must man
age some way to keep HIM dry. "
Zoe's voice held note of fear.
Don't be frightened, mother.
Well fix shelter where he will be
as snug as a bug in a rug and he
strobe toward the thicket OF sap
lings. He cut down several, cut
off the top and sharpened the lower
end. These he carried to the camp
and with the sharp end down be-
gan to pound them into the ground
under the trees to form a rectangu
lar pen. He pounded those on one
side of the pen a little lower than
those on the other side. Then he
nailed poles across the top. This
he did by climbing on a dead stump
which he rolled close up.
The muttering became almost
constant and Zoe hurriedly gath
cred together the articles which the
rain would injure and packed them
in the box which they had brought
strapped on the back of their car,
keeping an eye on the shelter Max
was preparing. AS he began to
pile the green limbs and brush on
the top she expostulated.
That won't keep Homer dry.
The rain will go through it,"
do you see the trees over there
with the big leaves?' Max asked.
If the rain will hold off a little
longer I'll make a thatch OF those
leaves which will not let the rain
through" I'll make it big enough
to hang over and be some protec-
ton for the sides too
A cry attracted them. Doris
was coming with flying hair waving
a cloth which proved to be hel
apron.
They're coming! they're com
ingp' she cried, pointing down the
untraveled road where a car was
making its way toward them.
The car came rapidly and Allen
called almost before it had stopped:
Jump In, all Of you"
What for" Zoe asked. Where
are we going?'
Jump in and we'll talk after
ward. The rain won't wait"
They all climbed in but Max who
volunteered to stay and keep watch
over the things.
''I'll be back in fifteen minutes, 2
Allen shouted as they drove off
Through crush and weeds, ruts and
fallen limbs ohey went as fast as
safety would allow. The vino
which precedes a storm was flashing
the limbs over their heads furiously
Suddenly under a big tree with 8
tangle Of bushes as background
Allen stopped. Tumble out" he
said as he, himself alighted, and
hastily filling his arms with thu
packages he had brought from thu
village, led the way. Straight int
the tangle Of bushes he went push
ing them aside to make room 70
passage. Within a few feet h
pulled the latchstring of a door AM
entered cave-like room, dark from
the mass of foliage outside Of tn
windows, but dry.
A moment later he brought an
other armful Of packages, droppe
them on a rickety table with tn
others and was gone.
Curiosity overcame their fea
when they found they were safe
and, in spite Of their anxiety abou
those still outside, they looked a
N 1
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12

and reduce it to the cold-blooded dol
lars and cents basis, more than 1000
records Of representative Ohio farm
ers were analysed by the Department
of Rural Economics Of the Ohio State
University to see if the education Of
the operator Of the farm had any
effect on the profits of that farm.
Nine hundred and twenty-eight of
these farmers had received a high
school education or less The average
labor income Of these men was 1902
over and above all expenses and five
per cent on their investment. Ono
hundred of the men whose farms we're
studied had recsived q college cuu-
cation and the labor income of these
men averaged $1,422
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12
EDUCATION AND FARM PROFITS

as education a profitable invest
ment for man who expects to follow
the occupation of farming?"
Not more than eighty years ago al
most anybody could farm and with 81
most equal chances of success. Put
little was known of the science of
agriculture, so that although some
men might wish to learn how 20 make
their farms more productive, there
was no fund of knowledge from
which to draw.
At the present time, however, with
the agricultural colleges and expert
ment stations well established, there
is an immense store of information
available for the man who goes after
it. Farming has been divorced from
rule of thumb methods, from chances
and luck With the new rich lands
practically all occupied, with soil fer
tility declining, with competition
steadily increasing and with business
methods becoming more and more i'm
portant, only those men best prepared
will succeed. The following para
graphs show clearly that Education is
an important factor in this prepare
ton:
In order to take the question of edu-
cation out Of the realm Of the general
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12

In considering this table it must be
understood that only seed crop is
obtained from alsike clover; that both
a crop of hay and crop of seed are
obtained from the red clover; that
three crops of hay are made from the
acreage of alfalfa considered and that
the hours of labor pertain only to
the direct labor spent on each crop.
While the above table is not conclu-
sive as to which crop or crops were
most profitable for the farm year
(1919) for which the data were OBJ
tanned, the information presented
therein is interesting from several diff
ferent aspects.
The hours of man and horse labor
required to grow and market an acre
of each of the crops considered varied
from 17.8 hours of man labor and 11.4
hours of horse labor for alsike clover
to lit hours of man labor and 104.5
hours Of horse labor for sugar beets.
So far as the required labor is con-
cerned glance at the table will show
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12

development Of this industry in North
Idaho. It was due to his efforts that
the two varieties Of potatoes which
have made the Idaho potato famous,
the Melted Gem and the Idaho Rural,
were adopted by the potato growers
Of Bonner County. These two var
ieties were the only ones exhibited at
the show.
There were AZ entries Of the Idaho
Rural and Is Of the Melted Gem.
Each exhibit comprising an apple box
full of potatoes. Mr.. Geo. Cannon,
pioneer potato grower Of Spokane
County, WASH, acted as judge Of the
exhibits. After working for over a
day he made the statement that there
we're number Of entries which would
have taken first prize at any other
show which he had ever attended, and
which were not awarded prizes the
competition was 20 keen.
Five prizes were offered for each
variety, ranging from $45 for first
prize to SO for fifth prize. Mr.. Fl.
F. Shedler, chairman of the potato
project for the Farm Bureau won first
prize with Idaho Rurals.
E. R. Bennett Of the Extension d.
vision gave talk upon the selection
of seed potatoes. C. c. Taylor, farm
specialist of the Exten-
sion Division showed model cut-over
Idaho farm and discussed the proper
methods of farm management for the
cut-over regions. An illustrated lee
ture upon potato disease and their
control was given by Chas. W. Hun
gerford, Plant Pathologist of the Ag-
ricultural Experiment Station.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12

which Of the crops are best adapted
to extensive and intensive farming
The column giving the gross value
of each crop per acre shows that pota-
toes were by far the most valuable
crop produced. Next in order is red
clover with alsike clover close second.
With their low labor requirements and
the high prices obtained for seed,
there can be no question as to the
average profitableness of both red and
alsike clover during the season of
1919.
The investigation by which this in
formation was obtained is being con-
Quoted in cooperation with the Fed
eral Office of Farm Management and
Farm Economics. The investigation
is to be continued for five years.
During that time not only the labor
requirements for each crop but the
seasonal distribution of the labor and
all Of the items of expense in the cost
of production are to be worked out
and thereby the most profitable crops
and types of farming determined.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12

make those men independent of the
buyer and beyond the danger Of los.
ing their crops through car shortage
: or by frost in the fall.
The dug-out costs the least per unit
of capacity Of any building on the
farm. 1t Is the most convenient and
useful building on the farm and il
, properly built it will preserve fruit
and potatoes better than any frame
warehouse.
1t is made of soil-soil floor, soil
roof, and may be made with soil sides.
The soil construction is not entirely
a matter Of economy. Dry soil is one
of the best non-conductors Of heat,
and it is good absorbant of moisture
or gas. Underground, the humidity is
practically uniform throughout the
year, which is another item Of import
ance in the keeping Of fruit and pota-
toes.
/ The dug-out should be constructed
either on level ground or through
ridge, but not into bank. Three or
three and one half feet are deep en-
ough for the excavation. Thirty-six
feet is satisfactory width, providing
room for two 12-foot bins and a r.
foot driveway. Any length may be
used, though we do not advise more
than 200 feet. There should be drive
way doors at each end. The ends are
best made of concrete or stone walls
which should extend into the APP
proaches.
Use strong timbers for all posts,
purlines and rafters. Posts should be
not less than eight inches square, or
eight inches in diameter at the small
end if round timbers are used. If
round rafters are used, four inches
should be the minimum diameter at
the small end Rafters 2x12 are none
heavy if sawed lumber is used. Fiji
teen-inch centers are none too close
for rafters.
Ventilators may be made to suit the
fancy of the owner. If the cellar is
not too long, the doors are about the
only openings necessary to give per-
feet ventilation. The ventilators
should be made in such way that
light may be admitted through them
when desired.
The storage cellar is an important
part of the farm building equipment
1t need not be expensive, but to be
it must conform to the prin-
ciples Of construction mentioned. It
is made Of earth, straw and timber.
It is essentially below ground. It is
FROST proof in the winter and cool In
he summer. There should be one on
every farm in the west. Details Of
construction may be obtained from
he extension division Of the Universi-
y Of Idaho, at Boise.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12
DNNER COUNTY SEED POTATO
SHOW A MARKED SUCCESS

That the seed potato industry in
North Idaho is developing into one Of
the great industries Of the state can
not be doubted by anyone who visited
the seed potato show held at Sand
point October % and %. According
to E. R. Bennett, Extension Horticul-
turist of the University Extension Di-
vision, the potatoes here shown were
superior in every way to those shown
at the recent potato seed show at
Denver, Colorado, or the seed show
At Pocatello, Idaho, last January. To
Mr.. Bennett, more than to any other
one person, belongs the credit for the
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12
HE MAN WITH SCRUB PUREBREDS

The one who thinks all he needs to
do to acquire fame and wealth is to
buy lot Of purebred cattle, hogs,
orses, or sheep, and then proceed to
let them shift for themselves will soon
earn the reputation of "the man with
the undesirable purebreds." He will
find that his wealth is not the kind
the banker will recognize
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12

It's revelation to corn sufferers, the
corns. Spend two minutes-that's ALTO
apply 2or drops to any corn or callus.
The pain will stop instantly. In few
seconds the corn dries right up. Soon
one complete piece. root and all.
Gets 1t MS sold by all druggists; money
BACK on request, costs but trtfe. MID.
by Il. Lawrence d Co., Chicago.
Sold in Moscow and recommended as
The worlds best corn remedy BY
Corner Drug Store, Owl Drug Co.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12
IDAHO CROP LABOR REQUIRE
MENTS VARY WIDELY

Data showing the average hours Of
direct man and horse labor required
to produce an acre of the principal
irrigated crops grown in Twin Falls
County, Idaho, during the season of
Average hours Of direct labor requ
acre of the principal crops grown in I
season of 1919.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12
"GetS=It"
Wonder
Corn
Peeler

Just a. Good for CalluseA Money
Back if it Faila
Don't be bossed through life by a pesky
corn or callus. Don't let q corn tell you
when to sit down. Don't wear shoes too
large Tor you because q corn says you,
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12
HOW TO CONSTRUCT
A STORAGE CELLAR

Detailed Plans Secured From Exten-
sion Division.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12

1919 has just been compiled by Byron
Hunter of the Farm Management De-
partment of the University Of Idaho.
This labor data together with the
average prices received on the farms
studied and the gross value per acre
for each crop are presented in the
following table:
red in producing and marketing an
win Falls County, Idaho, during the
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1920-11-12

The grower Of either apples or
potatoes who has no storage is fire.
quently at the mercy Of the specula-
tor. An efficient storage house would
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-02-24
NORMAL KINDERGARTEN
ENTERTAINS PARENTS

A very interesting program was
put on by the pupils of the kinder
garten-primary department of the
Normal Saturday afternoon, at the
Normal auditorium, under the direc-
ton of Miss Hahn. The program was
the climax of the work done in the
department during the past six
motnhs, as the principal part of the
program consisted of play entitled
Mother Goose's May Party"
The scenery, consisting OF large
doll house, which the students had
made entirely, and had furnished
completely, also the dolls, which each
one had dressed in the class room, as
we'll as all of the decorations used
thruout the rooms for the occasion,
have been prepared in the past six
months in the department.
Tea and waters were served to the
mothers who attended the program,
and the many visitors were very en-
thusiastic over the work being done
by the little tots. The affair was a
success from every standpoint, the
net proceeds being $3.50.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-02-24
Bore EHectualIy Cured.

They tell the story in one Of tho
local mills Of man who used to
rather bore his fellow employees by
the tales Of his experiences in other
factories. Finally the men decided
that they were going to "cure" him
and for a week one Of them asked him
about his former positions. He would
say at the end of an account, "Well,
how long did you work there, JACKIE"
Jack, glad to ti..d sympathetic audi
ence, explained and talked at length.
In the meantime his inquisitor kept a
strict account Of the positions and the
length of time which he said that he
stayed at each. At the end Of the
week he was confronted with a note
book in which were recorded his state
ments. They totaled a long list Of
places and IS years Of service. As the
man was not vet so the absurdity Of
1t struck everyone and they say that
he took 1t with good grace and mended
his ways orthwith.-Lawrence Tele.
gram.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-02-24
VAST RICHES IN OLD MINES
Wealth Awaits Lucky Prospecto5
Who Can Find One, Though Many
Are Known to Exist.

We are all familiar with Sir Rider
Haggard's king Solomon's Mines"
nor was he by any means the first to
put forward the theory, though in a
romance, that many old and out half.
worked mines might yet await the
patient toll Of the searcher. Except
in cases where there had been long.
continued use, it is not at all improb.
able that there are ancient mines
ready to reward the intelligent
methods Of today. But now in Idaho,
we are told, "the lost gold mine Of
the Upper Salmon river district" has
been rediscovered. A rich ledge had
been found by two prospectors and
worked by them little; then they fell
out and Spokane policeman, who had
the secret from one Of them, sought
the mine for 20 years; then he fell
out, and now It has been found anew,
to enrich the finders, for the ledge
proper is said to be from four to six
feet wide with 4 rich quartz streak
that shows the gold shining in its
grasp. The gold has always been
there and somebody for many years
has believed It to be there; it only
needed to be found to add another
to the romances Of fact.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-02-24
GOT FACTS SLIGHTLY MIXED
Representative Osborne Evidently Had
Not Taken Keen Notice Of POSI-.
ton Of Sherman Statue.

One Of the best speeches In the
house in years came from Representa-
tive Osborne Of California the day Of
the Pershing parade, says the Los An
geles Times. Having been one Of the
soldiers who marched up Pennsylva-
MIA avenue at the close of the Civil
war for a final review by General
Sherman, he was able to draw beau
tiful and striking contrast with the
return of the veterans Of 1919.
At one point in the address the rep
resentative spoke feelingly Of how
Sherman, at the head Of the column,
at Fifteenth street and Pennsylvania
avenue had turned on his horse and
looked back at the advancing veter-
ans.
THUS" said Mr. Osborne, "the fig
ure of Sherman, cast in bronze, sits to-
day at the head Of Pennsylvania ave-
uue, as he. sat that day more than fif:.
ty years ago"
The reference to the Sherman statue
aroused great interest and many were
the pilgrimages made to the statue
within the next few days to see how
Sherman looked gazing down the ave-
nue.. But horror Of horrors! 1t de-
veloped that Sherman was looking not
toward the advancing column, but to-
ward the White House, which stands
IN an opposite direction.
Now Osborne is looking for the man
who placed it thus.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-02-24
WANTED ALL he COULD GET
Elderly Passenger in Airplane Was
Looking for Some Thrills for
His Good Money.

Last summer h okomo, Ind, had tho
usual airplane pilot who took pas
sengers up for 81 minute. The
pilot was approached one day by q
man who was easily within earshot
Of eighty years. The pilot took him
aboard and scared around in straight
flying" in order not to give the elder
ly passenger any thrills that would
be dangerous to his heart action.
After the customary fifteen minutes
he slid gracefully to the ground and
motioned his passenger to alight.
The old man compiled, and then
walked up to the aviator.
'Say," he exclaimed, "are you real
flyer? What about Immelman turns.
barrel rolls, loop-the-loops, nose
dive, tail spin, falling leaf, pancake,
and so on? Can you do any Of those
thingsY'
Sure" replied the aviator, "but I
did not think you cared about any Of
those things. IIey are 4 trifle risky,
you know, and might upset your
stomach"
"Well, paid for good ride and I
expected some Of those things" the
passenger countered, land I would
like to get them. Give me all you
got. Tumble around in the air like
a porpoise in the ocean,"
The aviator told him to climb
aboard and he would accommodate
him. He gave the passenger "all he
had"
"That's fine!" exclaimed the pas
senger, as he climbed out of the
cockpit the second time. That's the
way I like to ride! "-1ndianapoli
News.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-02-24
Motto First on Copper Coins.

The motto I'm God We Trust" was
first used on the copper 2-ccnt pieces
Issued in 1864, being introduced by
James Pollock, the director Of tho
mint, with the approval Of Secretary
Of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase. The
words also appeared on the 1885 issue
Of the double eagle, eagle, half eagle.
silver dollar. half dollar. and nickel
scent pieces In place Of the long exist
ing n,Utto OF e Pluribus Unum." In
the trade dollar issue Of 1873 both
notices were retained, I'm God We
Trust" appearing on the diverse. Tho
Lincoln cents and silver half doalar1
at present in circulation bear botb
notices.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-02-24
MARKHAM REGISTER.

Mondays register at the Markham
includes w. H. WEIGH, \. ]. Huese-
man and J. B. Steffenson of Mime
apolis, A. G.. Fritzner and Charles
Grietschaff OF Gaylor, J. P. Folman
of Chicago, N. A. Burns, E. F. Nu-
gent and N I. Holmes of Minneapo-
lis, and H. o. Blodgett and L. w.
Cleveland of Duluth.
Registered today are E. E..
Schrimpf of Minneapolis, G. A.
Schlossen of Denver, M. E. Ryan and
Milton Nahum Of Brainerd and Mrs.
M. Barnes of st. Paul.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-02-24
Wild Section In Southern France.

An almost forgotten region lately
pointed out by Samuel Wells to the
Liverpool Geographical society is
southern and midland France, with
the desert lands on the Mediterranean.
Here the wild horse and a breed Of
buffaloes are still extant, and great
rocks, gorges and caverns are features
of the country, The immense caves
abound in remains Of the stone and
bronze ages, while wonderful stalac-
tiles hang from the roofs. The build.
ings show architecture centuries old
especially that of the Roman period.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1920-02-24
ROOSEVELT GIRL PASSES.

Miss Olga Gelen, FL years old,
daughter of T. O. Gelen of Roosevelt
township, passed away on Sunday,
February %, at the home. 1t is ex-
pected that funeral services will be
held on Saturday, under the auspices
of M. E. Ibertson, funeral director.