davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-10-06
DRY RAIDERS NET FEW
IN LONG ISLAND HUNT
Three Squads Garner but
Three VioIotors.

Agents of the Department of Justice
went raiding in Nassau county yester-
day In response TO numerous complaints
that the Eighteenth Amendment and the
Volstead act were being violated openly.
Although three squads were out and the
local police had been purposely kept in
ignorance of the raid. only three arrests
were made
Some of the proprietors evidently had
been tipped off, the revenuers said. The
three who were caught with the goods
were: Frederick MARI, Rockville Centre !;
Charles Georgena, proprietor OF the Ar
gyle Hotel. Seaford. and Dominica Fer
rara, proprietor Of the Casino Hotel.
Freeport.
Chief OF Police Richard T. Battersby
OF Jersey City arrested yesterday
Stephen Dulnowski. q saloonkeeper OF
27e Mercer street. and Les Kirable, who
interfered with the arrest OF Battersby.
This is the second arrest In Jersey City
for violation OF the Volstead act.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-10-06

Rens Cartan. was to the effect that he
saw Mrs. Cartan meet Mr.. Devlin In the
garden back of her home In Matawan.
That was in 1916. but he testified that
he never spoke of the matter to MS
brother.
Il knew it would break his heart .
he added.
All the witnesses from the Cartan
family told OF noticing how Mrs. Cartan
and her husbands partner always sal
together at theatre parties. She also
preferred to dance with him, they said.
Merritt Lane. counsel for Devlin
cross-examined the plaintiffs brother
and drew from him the admission that
he never saw any undue familiarity be-
tween the defendant and Mr.. Devlin
The case will be continued to-day.
The history OF the Matawan lumber
firm dates back TO the fathers OF the
present partners.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-10-06
Refined Sugar IL Cents,
Price of One Company

THE Federal Sugar Refining
Company fixed yesterday a
quotation of IL cents a pound
for refined sugar, following its
success in obtaining a large pur-
chase of raw sugar at 7h cents
a pound. Both are new low rec
ords for sugar prices since that
commodity took its meteoric up
ward rise some time ago. Other
big refiners, however, have not
yet matched the prices of the
Federal Company, declining to
make quotations and asking pro-
spective customers to make bids.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-10-06
ARGENTINE DUEL OFF.
Foreign Minister and Senator Ac-
cept Arbitration.

Bt-rNos AIRES Oct. I tdelayed) -
Honorio Pueyrredon, Argentine Foreign
Minister. and Benito Villanueva, Presi-
dent Of the Senate. will not fight duel.
% they announced they would late last
week. Their seconds have submitted the
polnts at issue TO Ernesto Bosch, former
Argentine Minister 70 France. who. ms
arbitrator, has decided Il would establish
a bad precedent for public officials to
seek O solution by arms OF difficulties
originating in the discharge Of their
functions.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-10-06
GRAND JURY REC0NvENEs.
extraordinary Session Resumes
After summer Recess.

The Extraordinary Grand Jury. Of
which Raymond r Almirall 10 foreman.
reconvened yesterday after summer
recess that began June 2e.
Several witnesses were called, and tns
jury. according TO Its counsel. william
Eand. resumed where II left off last
June Foreman Almirall said the BODY
plans to meet only on Tuesday and
Wednesday OF each week. 1t did not g.
into court yesterday.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-10-06
ECKERT CASE PUT OFF.
Murder OF BootieRGer VIII re
Taken I'm Later.

The investigation OF the murder OF
Frederick p. Eckert at South Beach.
Staten Island. will not be taken up by
the Richmond county Grand Jury until
the calendar has been cleaned up, II was
yoseph p. Maioy.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-07-02
WANTS PEOPLE TO
CHOOSE NOMINEES
Ohioan Says National Conven-
tions Do Not Garry Out
Popular viii.

YOUNGSTOwN. Ohio. July l.
Il propose TO use my every effort in
The future against the convention
idea for the presidential nomina-
tons and / think that the people
will awaken to the un-American sys-
tenn which Is followed In conven-
ton" declares w. J. Williams, OF
the Youngstown chamber OF COM
merce.
i think there will be one more
convention four years hence. but
after that believe that the nominee
Will be selected by direct vote" con-
tinued Chairman williams
That he is unalterably opposed to
the selection OF candidates for presi-
dent in the manner in which, he
claimed Sen. Warren G.. Hard
ing was chosen at Chicago. is the
announcement made by Williams,
who not only attended the recent re-
publican national convention at Chi
cage. but IS a spectator at the demo-
cratic national convention at San
Francisco.
at is perfectly evident TO anyone
who was at the republican conven-
ton that the choice made was not
the choice of the people" said Will
liams. 1T is so with every conven-
ton and I am in favor OF a direct
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-07-02
GARRANZA TRIED
TACTICS OF KAISER
Aviators Rebel When He Or
.ders BOmbardment of
y Defenseless Town.

MENICO CITY. July by or
dering the bombardment Of defense
less towns held by the Sonora revo-
lutionists. Pres't Carrauza lost 40
of his so aviators. according 90 Lieut..
Luis Prociado de- la Tore. adiutant
OF the first notiua OF the Mexican
air service
Capt Diez MARITIME and ] issued
a manifest al Mexico city. declar-
ing that we would not obey such
Cfders. which would mean the
repetition 81 thc aerial uarbarities
practiccd by Germany upon the
towns Of Belgium Lieut. de Ia
Tore said today.
The towns we were ordered TO
7om bard were Cuernavaca and Qua
utla Morelos. and other places in
thar region. Some Of us. including
myself. did rs over the places in
dicateo. but we droppcs our bombs
where we knew they would do no
harm"
The air strength 81 The Mexican
arl1y consists of about 90 planes.
In addition the service has about
- motors. 10 Ice used in planes of
Mexican manufacture a shipload
az .1-horscpOwc italian machines
are euroutc 20 Mexico. according 10
IisuL DC % Tore
Tnr Ne xiCau avis tion school.
closed 10y Carranza about two months
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-07-02

vote OF the eople for the selection
OF presidential nominees.
The result Of the most complete
and accurate poll ever taken showed
Gen. Wood was the choice OF the
large plurality This sentiment was
borne out in Chicago. and yet a few
men get together and nominate a
man who was evidently not the
choice OF the party. True. the hot
weather, and the fact that the dele
gates were getting restless had a
lot 10 do with the fact that the con
vention could be easily manipu-
lated"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-07-02
BOMB EXPLODES
IN DIET BUILDING
Great Excitement Is Caused
But Little Damage
is Done.
BY United Press 4:

TOXIC. June 29.-The district
about the Diet building was thrown
into great excitement today when a
bomb was exploded in the building
II did small damage Police be-
lieve II was part OF a plot TO assas-
sinate Premier Hara and terrorize
the ruling class.
The diet opened today what is ex-
pected 20 be a stormy session over
the budget. taxes and responsibility
for the disaster at Nikolaesk.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-07-02
SOME MISSOURI WOMEN
DEFEND sen. ]. A. REED
By United Press :

KANSAS CITY. Mo. July l.
Democratic women in United States
Sen. James A. Reeds district here.
turned loose today on Missouri wom-
en- who fought Reed ut the demo-
cratic national convention.
At a meeting of Jackson county
women's democratic committee a
resolution was adopted praising
Reed and censuring Mrs. w. w.
Martin who urged the democrats TO
refuse Reed a delegates seat.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-07-02
FIRST CATHOLIC DAILY
IN ENGLISH PUBLISHED

By United Press:
DUBUQUE. Iowa. July 1.-THE
Daily American. the first Catholic
daily in the English language issued
it's first edition today.
The paper is the outgrowth Of the
Catholic Tribune founded here by
Conner Brothers in 1871.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-07-02

ago. will reopen shortly. according
e. the lieutenant. Seven thousand
aDpliCati uns for enrolment have al
ready been received. despite the
fact that rigid entrance require
I.ents. tending 10 make aviation
professional career. have been es-
tablished
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-07-02
Thirty Injured When
Traction Car Runs AiUdy

EAST LIVERPOOL. Ohio. July 1.
Two people were seriously injured
ard rs suffered minor injuries when
a Beaver Valley. East Liverpool and
Steubenville traction car ran
away" on a steep grade here today.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-07-02
FORCE POLISH ARMY TO
RETREAT THIRTY MILES
BY United Press F.:

BY United Press:
LONDON. July /. - The Polish
right wing has been forced back 95
miles. according 10 news dispatch
from Paris quoting Moscow advices
today. The dispatch said strong
forces OF bolsheviki infantry and
cavalry were at the gates OF RovnO.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-07-02
Wdr and Navy Heads
Deny Rykins' Statements
BY United Press

By United Press:
WASHINGTON, July 1.-The state
and war departments today denied
utterances attributed TO Pros Stan
ley Rypins of the University of Min
nesota that he had opened mail TO
Breckenridge Long, former third as
sistant secretary of state
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-03-23
BRATTLEBORO PERSONAL

DIR. and Mrs Hubert Brown of Hins-
dale are visitors in town today.
Mrs Walter Adams of Wilmington is
spending the day in town with friends.
Mr. and Mrs Floyd Olden, who had
been visiting in Charlemont, Mass, have
returned.
Mrs. Robert \. Spears and son, who
had been visiting here, have returned to
their home in Southampton, Mass.
S. F. B. Morse of Athol, Mass, came
here last night on businesses and is visiting
his. mother, Mrs. Cola Morse, while in
town. ~
Mrs. Z. j. Fenton and three children
are in Bellows Falls to spend few days
with Mrs. Fenton's mother, Mrs. d. p.
Higgins.
Mrs. f. B. Rowe and daughter, Gather
inc, of Bolton, Mass, are spending two
weeks with Mrs. Florence Hartwell of
Horton place.
Miss Geneva Haskell, clerk in j. E
Mann's store, who is i'll in her home on
Western avenue with muscular rheuma-
tism, remains about the same.
f. Z. Convey returned Sunday night
from Boston, where he had been since
Thursday to visit his son, Paul b. Convey
who recently moved there from Balti
more, Nd
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-03-23
CAMBRIDGE COLBY
ASSUMES OFFICE
Nomination Confirmed Yesterday-Will
Resume Issuing Passports - To
Reorganize Department.

WASHINGTON, March cambridge
Colby was sworn in today as secretary
of state succeeding Robert Lansing, who
resigned six weeks ago. There was no
ceremony The oath of Office was admin
istered III the presence of Under Secre-
taly Polk, who has been i'll charge of the
department since Mr.. Lansing retired I'm
mediately after Mr. Colby assumed office
arrangements were made for resuming the
issuing of passports which was stopped
10 days ago because there was no one TO
sign them Officials estimated that 1900
applications had piled up.
The nomination of cambridge Colby as
secretary of state was confirmed late yes
terday by the senate 1t was understood
that no objection was raised to confirma-
ton of the nomination, which has been
the subject of extended secret hearings
by the foreign relations committee. There
was no record vote on confirmation.
Testimony before the foreign relations
committee was not made public. Senator
Lodge said that publication rested with
the committee, which has maintained I'M
form and decided reticence regarding
statements Of all witnesses, including the
final statement last week of Mr.. Colby.
Reorganization of the department also
will be one Of the tasks that will con-
front the new secretary. There are many
vacancies among the subordinate offices
to be filed and the office of assistant sec
rotary has been vacant since William
Phillips was appointed minister to The
Netherlands. Under Secretary Polk viii
resign as soon as Mr. Colby gets the
machinery OF the Office running smoothly
Third Assistant Secretary Long is plan
ming to resign soon in order to give more
attention to his candidacy for the senate
from Missouri.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-03-23
PAPER MILL SOLD.
Eagle Paper Company Buys Out Moore
& Thompson at Bellows Fails.

BELLOWS FALLS, March 23.-After
negotiations covering several weeks the
paper mill business of the Moore 4
Thompson Paper company has been sold
to the Eagle Paper company of New
York city and the new company has
taken possession.
This company has several manufac-
turing plants in different parts of the
country and makes a speciality of hand
ling paper bag stock, and also MAX
ing bags in some of its mills. The bust
ness here viii be continued under the
same name and along the same lines
as heretofore. The new officers are:
President, r. H. Smith; vice president,
f. G. Barratt; secretary, A. M. Smith;
all of New York; treasurer, F. i. Will
lis of Bellows Falls.
The company is now making an ad-
dition to its machine room and recently
built new offices and the old Offices Will
give additional room TO the manufactur-
ing end of the business.
The Moore & Thompson company has
been manufacturing paper in Bellows
Falls since 1871 and was founded by the
late A. c. Moore. The business was
incorporated as the Moore & Thompson
Paper company in 1882.
The owners who retire from the bust
ness on account of the sale are Frank
A. Moore and Fred l.. Thompson. Both
! are well known to the paper trade. Mr.
Moore has no present plans for engag-
| ing in business and Mr.. Thompson is
for the present connected with the re
organization of the Vermont Farm Ma
chine company business.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-03-23
PUTNEY.
Two Children Lost and Found.

The disappearance last Thursday after
noon of two children of Frank Morris,
who lives in a small house near the hum
Der job not far from the Westminster
line in East Putney caused some uneas-
mess in that part of the town until they
were found Friday noon. The children
were Rena, 10, and Henry, 8, and they
went out to play as usual As they did
not return to supper a search was insti-
tuted. The children arrived at Ed.
Odett's house, about a mile from their
home, in the evening after their father
has visited the house and found that they
had not been seen there They were
taken in and kept over night, but their
father, not knowing they were there, con
tinued the search with others until late.
Next forenoon the children were taken
home, arriving there about noon.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-03-23
COST OF MOVING SNOW.
Continued from Page ~

mate $4,000 and recommended tax rate
on that basis
Other storms since then have wiped
out more than 50 900 in excess of the in
creased estimate, notwithstanding the
fact that the handling of snow the past
winter was done more economically than
usual outside of the increased labor
costs A considerable saving was brought
about by dumping snow into Milestone
brook from Bridge street, to be carried
out by the water, instead of carting it
, over on to the island.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-03-23
HE BRATTIEBORO DAILY %, 1926

Rutland is now facing run of measles
In the city and hereafter anyone who
attends theatre there and happens to
sneeze or cough will be asked to leave,
lest it be the beginning of an attack of
measles and expose the rest of the au-
dience.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-03-23

Harvey f. Averill, of Barre who was
four years teller of the Peoples National
bank of that city aud more recently busi-
ness agent Of Goddard seminary, has ac-
copied a position as teller in the First
National bank Of Boston and will begin
his duties April |.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-03-23

In Brattleboro, March %, by Rev.
DR.. Herbert p. Woodin, Carl Matthew
Voetsch and Katharine Gray (Martin)
Utley, both of Brattleboro.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-03-23

In 1858, Rev. Antronette l. Brown was
refused admission as delegate to the
Worlds Temperance Convention IN New
York City, because she was a woman.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-03-23
BIRTHS.
MARRIAGES

In Brattleboro, March %, son TO
Ephraim H. and Mary (fastin) Crane
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-12-24
LITTLE BENNY's NOTEBOOK
by Lee Pspe.

My ouzzin Artie came over for suppiY
yestidday and ue and him was in the set
ting room waiting for the suppir bell 70
ring and pop was looking At the paper and
saying Confound il, watts holding UP
chow tonlte. I'm 1 hungry as flock Of
Russian bears
Me saying 20 Artie, ! bet I'm hungTicr
than you, and Artie saying, Like fun you
arc, # you wns NJ hungry as me you'd be
ded by this time. m 30 hungry 7 could
eat hole p pound terkey stuffed with
cranberry sauce without even unloosen-
ing my belt
Aw that amt enythihg. I sed In 80
hungry ] could eat brekfst, dinnir and
suppir with 3 helpings Of everything and
= % some without even getting up 20
stretch, that's how hungry am.
Aw watts that. that amt hungry. sed
Artie, Gosh, G.. I'm 80 hungry could eat
the rubber of tho end Of pencil and think
II WAS coconut cake with chocklit icing,
that's how hungry | am
Well do you call that hungry7 sed. G.
gosh. I'm 80 hungry ! could start eating
rite now and not stop once till was an
old man with long wiskers.
Well holey smOalls you don't call that
hungry do you? sed Artie. Wich Jest
then the suppir bell rang and pop sed.
Praise be I'm 50 weak and faint fr1In lis
sening 70 YOU ? don't see how I'm going
TO drag myself to the dining room.
And we all went down 10 suppir being
corn beef and cabbidge and all me and
Attic could eat was 2 helpings apeece
Proving You cant ALWAYS tell wat YOU
can do Jest by how you feel
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-12-24
THE GIRL ON THE JOB
BY Jessie Roberts.
THE WOMAN EMPLOYER.
-~~yr,sh,. 1920. by whecicr syndicate. I

Today the woman who either manages a
| department in large commercial or
| business house, or who runs her own busi-
ess, is numerous Sheis going to become
| more so.
Now, a payroll ought to be an asset,
not an expense. This sounds utopian
but it is true If you choose your workers
carefully and watch them with an equal
care, so that each one will be where he or
she fits best, and If you can inspire your
working force with loyalty, making them
see that the prosperity Of the firm is also
their own prosperity, then you are going
TO have corps of workers who will be an
asset. II YOU cannot do this, you must
face trouble and loss where the payroll
is concerned.
Some large firms will not have women
managers. They claim that women will
not take the trouble adequately TO study
tho people under them, that they have not
the faculty for picking tho right ones for
promotion, and that they will be swayed
by personal considerations more than mon
IL would be interesting TO get tho
opinion of various employers on this prob
lem We have all known establishments
run by women that gave every evidence
OF tho right sort of handling. Establish
mcnts that were happy. ] know one such
place, milliners, that | have watched
for years The woman who owns IL, and
who built it up from n small business,
where she made all the hats herself and
took orders at tho homes of her customers,
10 the present concern that employs ten
girls and runs school Of millinery in
addition, whore my friend te eaches
large class of apprentices. is n woman who
seems 70 know instinctively just how TO
do the best for her employees and TO get
the best in return
In the FIRST place. she knows something
about tho people who work for her They
don't Cease 10 exist for her the moment
they walk out of her place Of business.
She Is friend To them as we'll as an em-
ployer
Then. she knows just what each girl
can do best, and she secs 10 IL that she
does that. She never wastes prl in a
position smaller than she can I'LL Her
promotions are made as carefully as was
her choice Of girl in the frst place. And
If she finds that some girl will not ft in
with tho rest, she lets her go. She will not
allow the spirit OF her place 20 be endanger-
ed
There Is genius in such management a,
that, But women do have this genius.
The successful woman employer Is az
good as any man; she is sometimes better
than any man. Perhaps she is rarer. but
then her opportunities have only como
recently. Give her little moro time, and
IL seems likely that women EMPLOYERS,
especially in those busineses that employ
many women, will be the rule rather than
the exception.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-12-24

quarters For them IL a siuple matter
Tor the whole. h0usoh0ld ~ gn'haf " ar
int mate group ~ celebrate any uarfte irr
occasiOn. On 9und1y Nise Namr
ItOhr, bead n the hOuan 1hisi u un
known and loved AZ Ffouer gavn
luncheon for ail n her girb 1Is H
residents n her hSsiso end two f,
guests, Miu Giadyu = Pratt ard ffa
Gertrude SiuTgis ~ gVnd dehg fI
informal meal and pleaeanf roeaI h.r
On Tuesday night bfh = r. rnr.
dprmitOries were ~ rrr " n
Chrlgtmas oelebrnfigr rorey rar
dinner party. for which hsrf1 fr,r1 ~,
contributed AZ F1r's n gorller uuknssr
- regular COLLEGE urrrga. 'le ctiiir.r
fnlovcd Chrr'nas 'rfe ~ Hh.rt s1ef
girI bad placed q nm1Ii ifaahg ~ fr
another The vorvs eiIct acelmr,ar
tho gi''s brought f1rfh uret la4gt'er
applause IN "Boleiue raifs- ~
mas treo was prepared ~ far g-is ft
partoDk = iF pleasant fruit frr r-f f.
ing from he baskefhan varre .-f
grammar FchoYl rIav
The physical emuinaffqr.r - ef
rnade la7t wnrk by ~ lia~. rnd tfr
nurse, Miss ip0rr lrs1fe hr f.rI
pprarY inc0nvenience rr-
sidered ~ The sfud~nts ~ et
faculty who arra n1ed far chem ~
important pr r ttr erllege -ff -
They called attention .r foa - yft
danger signals and rizgcrfef means h-
the attainment ~ prfsarvafior n each
individual herf physical errd+cn rfr
college has the honor - ri7ininv ~ .hf
authority n last week'g rcr,orfs q perff .tI.
healthy type In rnsrnher n th~ sCrhr
more cla-s, Marian sprnner fqrvhte-
the late DR. J Harvey -rr-1a~~r NJ -r-
time mayor n Wilming'0n
DEtsw,pr sn~HrTv~-vrr
Mics Rachel Tayior's el.-- y tr.
Appreciation which heforr Tbsrkrz. -
completed - vfudy n arehferirirr
planning during fhe Chrirtrnsp tolri..
~ make = picture ~oiie~fion - Ono
smples n Dolawarp architecture kifhrrvh
Iiss Taylor s hrrssif fr,rn View rngisnd
she feels that D~lav-arp has rnneh fhst
hns - offer in the way r. C.ri0rtsi tl.t.Id-
ings and il interrssad n making ~
lec'ion n pi~'ures obtained ~ iha = ~
IN their home .o~alfins asieetirV ftezn
Judiciouslv and IN turn usrhans havrr
perrnaner1t iantern slides made ~ 10
best examples II fhia nrr irrf s zlereuafui
- u m dnuht viii 70 srnoa it la irgirrd
by generous feeling s1tInd artistie lfg-
ment and enthusiasm no state viil %
The richer for 4 rernrd ~ i,s Architectural
beauties, and the onilegr VIII p1surr
most interesting ro.lertinn - ud.s dilal
slides ~ typical Driswars huildinrv
hiss TaviOrs ciess Tu art anrrer.nt.nn
- larger than any preceding cl.-a il fhs
subject nnce 10 numbers 3 students
against the 10 ~ y u past vears irr
class IN design e ~ present dninz alrsn
most interesting work which s sttrartira
the attention ~ fhe wh0is s@nool he
members = 'he class for fhe mast Hart
Freshmen n Home Ecunnmios. lave uuf
I-ltO prart,cal application their thenrfe ~
color and des,n with The reuiit that the
crafts neckLaces made q "Parrnodello
beads aRd pendants. are coveted v 40
who see them Anothes interesting phase
Of the art department work b shown in
q continuous exhibition u e1ntsmporarv
art, which g made - q mazanne md
Newspaper chppr q tlcked IN fhe arrr
bulletin t0arCs 40 the hack 70 the r1om
row called hy courtesy me studl0