The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-07


boy mas precision ana muscular control.
or light factory work or some other calling.
Most of the failures in business are due
20 the fact that the boy girl chose a
calling for which he or she was not fitted.
Lack of success creates dissatisfaction with
ones work and aversion to labor; success,
on the other hand, creates satisfaction. Sat
isfaction makes for greater efforts. In other
words imposition of a business career on
boy or girl Is not imposition at all, but
help, in the opinion Of the psychologists,
theoretists. and practical men, with whom
the German system originated. They claim,
and the results of eight years experience
seems to bear them out, that the activities
Of the private and municipal career offices"
had most salutary effect for the boys and
girls who entered business lie well a.
for the community.
DR.. Schultz OF the Berlin "HochschnS hsw
Leibesuebun1" academy for GynnAsttcs),
one Of the foremost exponents OF the psyche
technical tests, quotes statistics in support
of his contention. Criminality Of those men
and women who followed the advice Of career
offices as to the calling they chose is far
below the average, while their success in life
above the average. Criminality, TO a
large part is engendered by failure in earn
ing decent living, while success spurs the
individual to greater efforts
City poyS, with inslBnlncAnt e1CeptlOnS,
used to become mechanics or industrial
laborers or clerks, while country boys. as far
as they did not swell the number Of unskilled
city workers. usually took UP farming, either
as farmers or agricultural hands
Since the compulsory esta blishment Of
career offices in cities and country districts
the farmer boys who manifest ability for
other trades are urged TO go to tho city and
become skilled mechanics while many city
hoxyc nd n 90
same Is true Of tho girls.
Whole System Compulsory.
Though everybody Is nominslly free 10
choose his or her calling, the advice given
by the career office 10 not a mere advice: 10
amounts to an order under normal circum-
stances. The Government is in a position
70 bring irresistible pressure TO bear on ali
important employers of labor. And the pub
lie authorities freely use their power. ~
far as her economic structure is concerned
Germany of to-day Is vastly different from
Germany of pre-war times, and differs
widely from all other countries.
After the invading hosts had suffered de
feat in the first battle of the Marine in Sep
TENDER 1914, and their dreams OF a short
and victorious war had been shattered, the
Kaiser's Government, with its characteristic
disregard for individual interests, ordered a
remarkable shift within the German indus
tries. They were practically sequestered, al
though they remained under the nominal
management of their private owners. Small
and middle sized factories were closed and
their machinery as far as fit for the pro-
duction needed by the army, transferred TO
large establishments of the same kind. II
is true the same process could be observed
in other warning countries but not on the
same large scale.
In Germany the number OF textile mills
n. .AoFs
o. shoe factories from t,400 10 200, and the
establishments of the various oil industries
from 720 to 10. Germany does not think OF
returning to her pre-war manner Of produc-
ton. The small and middle sized employ
ers who have disappeared during the
will henceforth have to work for wages OF
salaries The control Of all industries by
the Government has thereby been made
relatively simple matter, since the Economic
Council Of the Reich was established several
months ago.
Wide Powers of the Council.
The Economic Council not only divided
Germany into economic districts to which
it may restrict the exchange and sale OF raw
materials, half finished and finished prod
ucts as far as they are not exported 10 for
eign countries; IL also has authority 20 de-
eide what fuel any factory; nay, any house
hold may use, and what fuel or mechanicai
power may be allotted TO every industria
establishment
Any employer VINO gives a Job 10 "a boy
or girl in disregard of the advice given hy
the career offices may expect retaliator,
measures from the Economic Council or it-
subordinate district councils The Economi.
Council Is an organ Of the Government which
ordered the establishment OF the career Of
fees throughout the country and has a vital
interest that the advice Of these career 81
1cos be needed.
Ground enough for any employer not o.
help in any way boys and girls seeking en-
ployment who defy the advice of the career
offices, and the more as the employers
like the overwhelming majority OF the Ger
mans. arc convinced that the selection as
made by the career offices Is for greater efi
cheney OF labor.
The spirit, though not the letter Of the
executive order providing for the establish
ment OF the career offices is compulsory
That is the essential difference between the
German system and the isolated, non-coni-
pulsory attempts at selecting skill made In
some other countries.