davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1920-07-08
EACH PERSON WILL PAY
At RATE OF S96 A YEAR
FOR 1921 LIVING COST

Approximately $4,000, 100000 will
be added to the nations living costs
for the year beginning with Septem-
Der, ]. E. Weatherly, economic ex-
pert of the Department of Justice,
predicted yesterday.
Weatherly said he based his pre-
diction on the belief that the Inter-
state Commerce Commission would
be forced to increase freight rates ap-
proximately $4,000, 100000. An ap-
peal for increases totaling $1,000
10000 now is being considered by the
commission at the request of the rail-
road managers. Another billion must
be added when the Railroad Labor
Board grants proposed wage in
creases to 100000 workers, Wealth
| erly said he assumed.
Multiplied More Than Four Times
Increased freight rates are reflect
ed in living costs, not in straight pro-
portion, but magnified about AS said
Weatherly.
This is because the public pays a
freight rate increase several times in
stead of just once.
Zone increased rate is paid when
the cattle go from the plains where
they grazed to the straightforward
The second increase is paid when the
raw hides are shipped from slaughter
house to tannery, a third from tan
merry to shoe manufacturing house and
a fourth when the finished shoe goes
from manufacturer to dealer.
shoes thus show a magnification of
the rate increase four times. In some
commodities. however, the increase is
magnified only three times.
Added To Cost OF Goods
There is another factor; the in
creased freight rate paid by each
dealer or manufacturer is added to
his cost of operation. on which he
figures his profits on percentage
basis.
There seems no getting around
the fact that a freight rate increase
means tremendous boost in prices of
every commodity produced in the
United States. Every person in the
United States is bound to feel the in
crease. 1t means a tax of about S96
year for each of the 100,000,O0O per-
sons in the United States"
A decision on the railroads plea
for an increase is expected from the
Interstate Commerce Commission
soon. The last testimony in the rate
hearings was taken yesterday.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1920-07-08

A wrench which its inventor claims
will fit any size bolt or nut secures
firm grip between jagged jaw and
an adjustable chain a foot in length.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
FIRST UNITED STATES COINS
"Fuolos," Made Of Copper, Were the
Earliest lssusd by Direct A.
thority Of Congress.

The "fugios" were the earliest coins
issued by the authority Of the United
States. and were Of copper. 1t was IN
April, 1857, that the congress of the
United States authorized the hoard OF
treasury to contract for 800 tons OF
copper coin of the federal standard
"agreeably to the proposition of Mr..
James Jarvis. provided that the premi-
UNI to he allowed to the United States
on the account of the copper contracted
for be not less than 10 per cent and
that at be coined at the expense of
the contractor. but under the inspec-
ton of an officer appointed and paid
by the United States"
II Is presumed that this copper coin
contract was made as directed for on
Friday. July 6, 1887. the congress
adopted this resolution: "That the
board of treasury direct the contractor
for the copper coinage to stamp on
one side of each piece the Following
device. viz: Thirteen circles linked
together and small circle In the mid
die with the words United States
around 1t, and In the center the words,
we are one On the other side OF
the same piece the following device,
VIZ: A dial with the hours expressed
Oh the face Of 1t. meridian sun above,
on one side Of which Is to be the word
'Fugio' and on the other side the date
1857; below the dial the words, Mind
your own business"
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Oemj.Sods of Old Rome

Castor and FOlluX, also called the
DiOscuri. were heroes or demi-gOds of
early Grecian mythology. They were
brothers and said to be the sons Of
Zeus, who In Grecian mythology cor
responds to Jupiter In the mythology
Of Rome. Castor was famous for his
skill In tanning and managing horses,
and Pollux for his skill In boxing. Al
though they were buried, says the Gre
clan poet Homer. yet they came to life
every other day and enjoyed divine
hOnOrs. The worship of Castor and
Pollux was introduced at Rome at an
early time. They were held to have
aided the Romans In battle with the
Latins. or natives Of Italy. and a
temple was erected to them In the
forum. After these two mythical he
roes was the ship named In which St.
Paul completed his memorable voyage
to Italy, In order that he might appeal
to Caesar for justice and protection.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Eskimo Inherently Honest,

The Eskimo regards honesty as para
mount. He will never misrepresent
facts. and although he may want TO
dispose of an article badly he will
rather depreciate Il than run the risk
Of over praising. A man who lies or
deceives another is severely punished.
An Eskimo will not permit a fellow
man to need for food or clothing once
he has enough for himself and his
family. War, to the parka hooded men
of the North. Is unknown. They de-
eide differences by staging dance dueIs
and outsinging each other. and old
men act as judges to decide winners.
In this way honor Is satisfied. Bru-
tally is unknown. In combating ma.
ture. fighting the walrus. the, whale
and the bear with primitive weapons,
the Eskimo displays unusual GOODNESS
and plans his way out Of danger with
extreme self-pOssession.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
ANCIENT AND MODERN NAMES
Writer Contends That Rrssent-Oay
Applications Lack the Euphony
Of the Olden Times.

Speaking Of New England names.
the genealogical columns Of the Tran
script are indeed standing PROOF
that the seventeenth and eighteenth
century names possessed much more
Of snap, flavor and euphony than our
twentieth century names possess.
Pick up the genealogical depart
ment at random-any day-and you
will find such fine and resonant names
as Betsey Reyes. Patty HOlbrook. SUI
sauna Gates. Polly Arnold. Darius
Dewey, Prudence Rand. Thankful
Sawyer, Thankful Newcomb, Hannah
Pike, Deborah Clark. and Jonathan
Rich-all Of which are from one re-
cent column. 1t Is true that the same
column contains names which are not
exactly euphOnious. and are indeed
rather hard nuts to crack; these for
example: Leafy Bullard-a woman;
whence the name Of Leafy-Hatsel
Higgins, Sparrow Higgins. Abigail
Nash, Zeruiah Jewel, and Alley Lock.
wood In the previous number Of the
same department are found the names
Content Brown. Tabitha Holdredge.
and Keturah Bassett.
The Nomad once encountered in an
old book the name of Camilla Scud-
der. Was there ever swifter name
than thnt2 And what about the name
of Hepzibah Hathaway Of New Bed
ford found In Emery's book on the
Rowland Heirs?-The NOmad In BOs
ton Transcript.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
$685.
MARK kDAPTABILlTY OF MAN
Automobile, AlrpIane, and Submarine
Prove His Right to Rule Over
the Natural Kingdom.

In the competition for survival, leaf
eating insects must be green, like
their prey, or perish; woodpeckers
like the bark; the tiger, striped like
sunshine through the rushes. The
fittest survive. "A black sheep" Is
more than a figure Of speech. The
struggle for existence demands his
murder in the flock Of white, conspic-
uous in contrast. Adaptation or death.
The crafty little chameleon 10 the
prince of color adapters.
Faculties used, are sharpened; II
neglected, they waste away into ves-
tigia-the appendix In man. Eyes OF
mOles and burrowers are slowly
closed with skin and fur. The FUZZY
little lap dog has weak eyes. But cav
ern toads, with eyesight almost gone.
will recover dim perception In slowly
graduated light. And night-prOwling
cats Improve their sight to penetrate
shadow land. Man noticed the pupils
of his eyes contract In sunshipa and
enlarge in darkness-saw the bat, and
understood.
On all sides he saw this principle
at work: Bears. fur coated. restrict
ed to the cold; the dolphin, in the
sea; the eagle. the bird Of freedom.
alert always to escape ip flight. He
therefore devised the automobile, the
airplane and the submarine, to jump
from mountain top to ocean bottom.
This adaptability Of his body Of d.
versified surroundings has made him
monarch OF the natural kingdom.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
RUSSIA LAND OF HOLIDAYS
Almost innumerabIe Occasions When
All Work Is Suspended and Time
Spent In Pleasure.

Russian people observe vigorously
all religious holidays-fve at Christ
mas, ten at Easter. three at Carnival,
and almost every week one extra day,
when an anniversary Of slme saint Is
celebrated. On these days everything
Is closed, and nobody works. The six
weeks of fasting preceding Easter are
strictly observed by everybody, and the
more devOut do not even eat eggs or
drink milk. and do not use sugar, be-
cause 1t Is refined with blood. The
last three days of Holy week are still
more respected. for no food at all Is
consumed. For Easter Sunday. very
large cakes sometimes three or four
feet high. are cooked with beautiful
ornaments on the top, and eggs skill
fully painted. Both cakes and eggs
with other eatables, are brought on
Easter eve near the church and placed
all about on the ground. After the
midnight mass procession of priests
and chOirs comes out and walks
around the church. blessing all the
food. which is arranged before them
as In market.
Easter Sunday and the two follow
Ing days are dedicated to paying Wis
Its. Every man calls upon his &C.
quaintances Visitors are obliged to
eat and drink wherever they happen
to go. otherwise they will offend the
host
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Oriuin Of Surnames.

No one can say with any certainty
when the practice Of taking a surname
became general. The Greeks, Assyri-
ans. Egyptians and other ancient peO-
piles had no snrnanes; the later RO.
mans had each one real personal name,
to which they sometimes added clan
name or nOmen, family name or
cognOmen and nickname or agnO-
men. The personal or Christian name
was the only name recognized by early
English law. surnames being words Of
description used to identify persons Of
the same name from each other. The
NOrmans had introduced into England
the habit Of using surnames, but this
was confined to the upper classes. BY
degrees even the common people be-
gan to be distinguished by names re-
ferring to personal characteristics, as
Armstrong, rank or profession as
Smith, fathers name as Jackson, etc.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
. e
HELPED OUT REIGNTNG BULL
Kindly Act Of New Member Of Herd
Something the Keepers Had
Never Seen Before.

Usually when new bull is taken
into the buffalo herd at Golden Gate
park in San Francisco his standing is
promptly decided by challenge from
the head of the herd. The newcomer
either wins the fight and In turn Is ex-
allied to the rank of sovereign or he
Is defeated and shown his place. But
a new hull Mogul, recently proved to
be an exception. He was two years
old, fine example Of what a young
buffalo should be, and he seemed thor
Oughly content to mind his own bust
ness and to let the other bulls mind
theirs. No one would have known
that there was q new buffalo In the
herd.
One morning the keepers saw that
there was something In the air. Mogul
was shifting round the reigning bull;
They were apart from the herd, heads
down, and were moving round slowly.
It was the queerest beginning of
bullfight that the keepers had ever
seen. 1t appeared as IL Mogul would
knock out the old bull with one toss.
AS they moved round and round Mo-
gul seemed to be horninG the other
bull In the eye, and the other bull did
not seem to be making the least re-
sistance. Then they pulled apart and
Mogul put down his head,
The old bull had bunch of thorny
cactus sticking over his right eye. and
Mogul was horning 1t off as best he
could with his clumsy short little
horns. Finally, after two more at
tempts. circling round as before. he
got the cactus off, and each moved
away about his own business.-YOuth's
Companion.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
PECULIAR KIND OF UMBRELLA
African "Dlshop" Made Use OF Prince
Albert Coat When Rain Threat
ensd Precious Loincloth.

"The Bishop" Is like no other ARR.
can. He has acquired the graces OF
the court Of st. James and surpris-
ing gift Of repartee, using smiles ana
grunts chiefly. He IL taller and older
than any native in the neighborhood'
which is the locality suburban to Va
yati. Portuguese East. For years he
has trekked with missionaries. He has
carried their packs, bundled their beds
and mosquito netting over miles OF
trail. His name was chosen by him.
self, In memory of Bishop Hartzell,
with whom he travelled.
Yet the bishop is still heathen-
and proud Of 1t. Among the other Al
ricans In any given travelling party ne
is as conscious of his heather distinc'
. ton as Tom Sawyer's friend Jim was
of his reputation for having seen evil
spirits.
On a recent expedition a missionary
saw the bishop for the first time and
was particularly struck with the bish-
ops pride In his loinclOth, well-tai'
lOred trifls fashioned from monkey
skin and built around a large brass
ring. 1t began to rain. The bishop
looked solicitously at the garment
much as a lady caught umbrellaless
will look at her new spring suit when
rain comes. The bishop had no UNI
brella, but from somewhere he pro-
duced Prince Albert coat and but
toned 1t tightly about him. 1t served
its purpose. The new loinclOth escaped
unscathed.-WOrld Outlook.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Sand-$6.OO0 q Ton.

Wilmington, Del. has dozen OF
the most expensive sand piles in the
world. 1t costs $4,000 ton. says the
Portland Oregonian.
The reason for this. and incidentally
a reason for hlgh-priced gloves, was
revealed the other day by prominent
leather merchant.
Wilmington is the chief glazed-kid
center in the United States. About ~
per cent Of the raw skins entering the
United States come from China and
are imported at the rate Of about 81
pound.
"What, then" asked the merchant,
"would be more natural to the cum
ming celestials than to increase the
weight Of the skins by sprinkling sand
on them?"
That Is just what happens and the
result is huge piles Of sand at receiv-
Ing plants here, where the hides are
dried and prepared for manufacture.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Avoiding Lily Embargo.

A nrw and curious industry, 1t is
predicted, Is soon to be born In Van
couvcr, b. G., because of the embargo
pie. cd this year by the United States
department OF agriculture on all Jap
anese nursery stock packed in Jap
anese soil This decree was intended
to stop the Importation from the is
land of FormOsa of lily bulbs, Ordi-
narily brought into this country at
the rate Of >$25OOO,OOO worth a year.
But the trade will not be suspended.
nurserymcn of Vancouver declare.
The bulb traffic viii be DETECTED north
ward to this seaport, Just above the
boundary; and here the bulbs will be
removed from the soil In which they
crossed the Pacific. They will then
he repacked In Canadian loan, and
so, free from Japanese SOIL" will be
qualified for entrance into the United
statss.--Popular Mechanics Magazine.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Value Of Snakes.

Most people have decided shrink
wondered at in tropical countries,
where their bite Is venOmous and often
fatal. But the grass snake ought not
to be COMPOUNDED with the rattlers,
cobras or pythons. II is as harmless
to humanity as frog and good deal
more useful No greater enemy to
bugs is In existence And slugs are
among the most hurtful of garden and
field pests. They keep down the num-
bers also of such other pests as mice,
shrews and other small rodents. But
as slug destroyers they deserve to be
cherished rather than massacred at
sight, which Is their usual fate.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
EggstraordInary Coincidence.

The custom has prevailed with cer-
tain Episcopal church In California Of
presenting each scholar Of the Sunday
school with an egg at the celebration
of Easter. On one occasion, when
that point In the service was reached
which had been set apart for this In
teresting ceremony, the clergyman rose
and made, the announcement "Hymn
No. 419, Begin. My Soul. the Exalted
lay after which the eggs will be dis
tributed. Boston Transcript.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
SoftenIna Hides.

There are two simple ways Of sot<
ening leather and raw skins. One Il
to rub In thoroughly meats foot oil
Another way Is to dissolve three
ounces Of alum, seven ounces of salt
and one and One-half ounces saleratus
In sufficient hot rain water to saturate
the skin. When cool enough not to
scald the hands soak the skin In II
for IL hours; wiring out and hang up
to dry. When dry repeat this opera
ton two or three times until the skin
Is sufficiently soft.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
DlvIdino the Day,

The division of the day into hours
dates from the original sun dial; and
the notion of 80 minutes and 60 sec
onds must be traced back to the Baby
lonians. who combined the decimal
and the duodecimal systems Of nu-
meration, and chose 60 as a convenient
measuring aggregate because of its
large number Of exact factors.-Scien-
tific American.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Fish and the Ancients.

The ancient Romans thought very
highly of fish, and at big banquets
brilliant fish were shown to the guests,
alive, as relish, then were served
cooked after the soup. Apicus offered
prize to any culinary artist who
would invent new marinade COM
pounded Of livers of the red mullet.
Lucullus had q canal cut through a
mountain so that fish might be trans
ported more easily to the ponds In his
gardens near Naples. Hortensius wept
over the death of a pet turbot while
the daughter of Drusus adorned ia
vOrite fish with collar of gold.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Oxygen Device Tested.

Because Of the possible disastrous
failure of an airman's oxygen supply
apparatus at great attitudes, the
United States bureau of standards has
devised reliable method of testing
tn" equipment I'm the laboratory, All
the conditions of high-altitude flights
are accurately reproduced, says Pop
ular Mechanics Magazine In an Illus
trated article appearing In Its July is
she. Decreased pressure is obtained
by :hclOs:ng the equipment in bell
far connected to an air pump.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
lady.Siipper.

Three nf the welI-known varieties OF
the h'nuTiful orchid found IN the tenn
prratr zone are called the pink lady
slipper, The yellow mUccaSir flower.
and the SNOWY lady-sIipper which is
white with purplish pink or crimson
stripes. These names have been given
the flowers rs they bear curious re-
selnL.unce to u slipper.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Brluht Younuster.

The other day precociOus to-year-
old came into the Office. and while her
mother waited for the doctor the child
entertained the whole Office. She
talked on every subject she could
think of. and at last, looking out Of
the window at the dlngy sky, she ex-
claimed: "My GOODNESS Amt the
smoke the wimit l"-Exchange.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Plea for Conservation.

Conservation of our natural re-
sources will he necessary IL We are to
leave this country capable OF support
ing our rapidly increasing population.
Our children should be left with
fair chance In life. II We waste our
natural resources 1t will not be long
until the struggle for life will he
keen. Let US use our resources wisely
and well.-Exchange.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Color and Disease.

Color really does fight disease. Take
for example the ultraviolet ray. Here
we have most convincing proof of the
healing force that resides In color.
This famous ray exerts q very po-
tent curative effect upon certain dis
eases of the skin. ray Of ultra
violet light is concentrated upon the
diseased part, and Immediately n new
process is, set up by which the disease
Is eventually destroyed.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
The Orloinai BUDGET.

The word budget" was originally
the name Of the leather socket in
which the cavalry used. to rest the
haiti Of their carbines. 1t alsq means
a small wallet or purse. II became as
ISOLATED with the annual financial
statement Of the chancellor because
he, took the statement he was about
to make from his case. The word
was highly objected to at the time. but
1t stuck.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Valuable Crowns In Vatican.

two crowns which are valued at sew
eral million dollars. One of them was
the gift of Napoleon to Plus XII, and
contains the largest emerald In the
world. The other, the gift of Queen
Isabel of Spain to Plus TX. Is WORTH
probably S2,OQ0,OO0,
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
HAGERSToWN, ND.
Three Hundred Years AGO.

The first man to recognize the i'm
pnrlnn.p of roads In relation to civic
progress Was Lord Francis Bacon. He
three elements were necessary to the
growth of II cOininunlly--teftile soil.
busy Workshops and easy con, eyance
of men aud things, from one place to
another.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
The Oiioarchy of Art.

"Tpn thousand francs for that ON
DIcture? I could understand
II, Of course. II you were offering a
modern painting-with oil at its pres
ent price. But In the eighteenth ce'r-
fury oil wasn't worth more than
sous gallon lie Pele Mele. Paris,
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
FARM and MOUNTAIN LAND

At the same time and place the Home
Farm and Timber Land will be sold. The
farm contains
l39 ACRES OF LAND,
more or less. This land is in high state
of cultivation ard improved with sub
santial brick house, bank barn, wagon
shed and other outbuildings. There is a
lot of fruit on the farm. Farm is stu
ated half mile from Western Maryland
railroad. half a mile from school and
church. This is most desirable farm
and splendid location for dairymen.
Mountain Lot No. contains acres of
land, more or less, situated IL miles north
of Thurmont and adjoins what is known
as St Joseph's Dairy farm. 1t is well
set with timber.
Mountain Lot No. contains 20 acres
of land, more or less. and is situated one
half mile north of what is known as the
Harmon Saw Mill, and set in young oak,
poplar ard locust.
TERMS of Sale on farm rs prescribed
by the Court;-$500 cash on day of sale
or ratifica ion thereof by the Orphans
Court. the balance January l, 1921, the
purchaser or pu -chasers giving his. her
or their notes bearing interest from day
of sale, with good and sufficient security
to be approved by the said executors for
the deferred payments, or all cash at the
option of the purchaser
Terms on Mountain Land will be made
known day of sale
ALLEN G. FISHER,
VIM. H. LONG,
Executors.
Ed l.. Stitely, Auct
Roy W. Hankey, Clerk. jul lots
Lunch will be served by the Society of
Faithful Workers of Creag erstown.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
Much in Little.

A baby will make love stronger,
days shorter, night longer. bank-roll
smaller, home happier clothes shah.
bier, the past forgotten, and the fu-
ture worth living fOr.-Oflice Topics.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1920-07-22
"hyphenated Americans"

Ut Is claimed that the term "hyrher-
ated Americans" dates prior to the
year 1876 when John Boyle O'Reiiiy
applied II TO remnant of the old-tii'e
toryism which objected to the nation
wide celebration which took place that
year.