davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1920-09-03
BY FRANK MORRISON
Secretary American Federation of Labor

On this Labor Day there are many
issues confronting wage earners, but
none are more fundamental than la
bor's demand for collective bargaining.
With this assured, the worker has a
voice in conditions affecting what lie
will think, read, eat and wear, how
he will educate his children and clothe
them and what manner or home he
may have.
Where collective bargaining is de-
MED, the worker is powerless; his en-
ployer regulates his life
This power Of the non-union EN-
ployer is accepted by a commission
representing the Interchurch World
Movement that investigated the re
cent strike of steel workers for col
lective bargaining The report says:
"The arbitrary control Of the steel
corporation extended outside the
plants, affecting the workers as citi-
zens and the social institutions in the
communities.
In all ages workers have united
They have struggled for liberty and
they have overthrown dynasties and
kings. Despite these upheavals there
was no change in their economic stat
US. They remained interiors, "hewers
of wood and drawers Of water" Their
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1920-09-03
GREAT WORK OF
LABOR UNIONISM
Never Was There a Time
When the Solidarity of La
boz Was More Necessary
Than Now.

Had it not been for trade union
ism" syas Or. ]. r. Warbasse in Co
Operation. the workers today would
be laboring fourteen hours a day
They would be receiving wages Just
sufficient TO maintain an annual exist
ence. The workers would constitute
common deeencies of life.
a GREAT class, denied schooling and the
I'VE have to thank unionism,' he
continues, for saving humanity from
abiect slavery. The bravve men who
organized unions . century ago often
went to prison for it, England perse-
cutad and deported the eest men in
the kingdom This criminal" class
was sent to Australia and New Yea
land because they were 'agitators, but
they soon built up civilization which
astonished the world
One thing labor must realize, says
Dr. Warbasse, ''the forces which de
sire profits out Of the toll of the
workers are the forces which control
the means of expression and publicity
Trade unionisn gave labor its first
lesson in the approaches to democracy
in industry But autocracy IN indus
try still exists and succeeds in max
ne labor believe that democracy IN
industry is wrong And we now act
uallg witness the spectacle Of labor
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1920-09-03

for labor to be on its guard lest it be
beguiled into trusting its enemies and
neglecting its friends. Cooperation
needs the aid of labor with all its
strength; labor needs cooperation
still more urgently; but labor loses its
strength when it igonres the funda-
mental fact that the worker and not
the capitalist should rule che world.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1920-09-03
THE BUTLER COUNTY PRESS.

men and labor organizations compro-
missing with the enemies of labor to
check the onward movement towards
Industrial democracy, which has now
gained such significant force
Never was there a time since
unionism began when the solidarity
of labor was more necessary than
now. Never was il more important
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1920-09-03
AUTO WORKERS UNITING

Yonkers, N. Y-An organizing
csmpaign among auto mechanics in
this county has been started There
arc more than 1000 Of these workers
gible to membership in the new
nninn
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1920-09-03
PIPE FILTERS OUT

Wilmington, n. C.-Marine pipe fit
ters and helpers employed at the Car
olina ship yard, have suspended work
to enforce a wage increase of 20 cents
an hour The yards areoperated by
the George A. Fuller Company
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1920-09-03
OPER ATORs LOCKED OUT

Tacoma, Wash.-Seyeral moving
picture theatre managers have locked
out their picture operators who are
asking for a shorter work day
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1920-09-03

H "a "a
Evening star., 1920-02-12
COMMUNITY SERVICE
DRIVE FOR CASH STARTS
Organization Work in Government
Departments Completed; Re.
ports Being Made.

Organization work for the drive for
funds for the District Community
Service has been completed in gov
ernment departments and team cap
tains are already making reports on
progress. according to a statement
made today by c. H. English. director
of the service.
Secretary Daniels Of the Navy
opened the drive at mass meeting
in front Of the Navy building yester-
day. Irene Montgomery of the Bar
mum & Bailey circus gave whirlwind
aerial ladder performance, while a
band from the navy yard gave a con-
cert.
The windows Of the government
buildings were crowded and the street
was packed as Miss Montgomery
swung out between two trees and
over the car tracks.
Admirals Niblack Coontz. Mayo and
Taylor also delivered short addresses.
In his speech Secretary Daniels said
The impulse to community service
born OF the war must be kept alive.
We got together at the call to arms
and we must stick together and work
together now. Community service is
one of the finest agencies for good to
Evening star., 1920-02-12
SPEAKER GILLETT TO AID
SMITH COLLEGE EFFORT
Bay State Member Of House Will
Be Heard in Campaign to Raise
Four Million.

Frederick H Gillett Of Massachu-
setts. Speaker of the House of Repre-
sentatives. will speak on behalf of the
four million dollar fund campaign
now in progress for Smith College,
Northampton. Mass, tomorrow even
ing at the little theater of the Post
Office Department, Pennsylvania ave
nue. and 18th street northwest. The
occasion is the presentation, for the
benefit Of the same fund. by the Arts
Club Players OF the four one-act plays
given SO successfully a few weeks
ago.
Two important members of this
group of amateur and former profess
sionals, Miss Edith Goode and Miss
Frances Carpenter. are alumnae OF
Smith. The playlets are to be present
ed through the courtesy of the Arts
Club and under the management OF
DR.. @. w. Johnson. chairman Of it's
house committee. Tickets may be pro-
cured from any member Of the Smith
Club Of Washington. to which is as
signed the task OF raising the Dis
trict's quota of the fund.
The sum to be raised is estimated as
Evening star., 1920-02-12

I the committee, Mr.. Snyder said that
II there had been any attempt at CO.
operation between the two organiza-
| tions. it had been q failure, and that
the work Of the two bodies over
Tapped seriously.
Believing that it would be most un-
fortunate IL anything should inter-
I fere with the community center prtn-
ciple. Justice Siddons of the District
Supreme Court said that the joint
should point the way for the over
tapping to cease. He said that the
idea of the community centers was
no new one, and that 1t functioned
through its natural gatherings In the
public schools. and was seif-govern-
also said that the community centers
were doing admirable work." and
showed community spirit in its finest
form.
If the Community Service. Incor-
porated. has anything to give which
will benefit Washington. said Justice
siddons, Washington citizens will
certainly welcome 1t, but dupitcation
Of effort is not what washington
wants. He said that the community
center work, utilizing the PUBLIC
schools. was the most hopeful sign OF
real community spirit.
Indicated Democratic Spirit.
..
of the board of education. spoke of the
actual work of the community centsrs,
and said that their development indi"
Gated a true democratic spirit. She
said that the work of all centers was
not alike. and that it was largely
work of personality. to find out what
particular things the people in COM
munity wanted, and then give those
things to them. She said that some
centers were ahead in educational
work some in entertainment, but that
everything was developed according
to the needs of the particular commu-
nifty. She said that the influence for
community spirit should come from
within and not from foreign agencies,
and cited the Americanization work,
when students did not appear to be
interested in herring some outside
speaker. but displayed great interest
when allowed to make UP their own
program.
Miss Cecil b. Norton, general sec
retary of the community center work.
gave data showing development of the
work She said that only recently a
new center had been opened. and that
as soon as sufficient money could be
obtained several more would be added.
Miss Norton said that the COM
munity center work in this city rep
resented an investment of $35e0.000;
that more than three-fourths of the
District of Columbia was now or
ganized. and the money raised for
entertainment and other purposes by
the different communities during the
last year was $26,000-more than the
appropriation by Congress to Garry
on the work.
Miss Norton also spoke of the great
interest taken in the various state
societies. and said that the commu-
nifty centers were responsible for this
interest, because they donated the
f0~
ings. She said that this was a large
item in the development of commu
nifty spirit. Miss Norton said that she
believed the club idea was the most
Evening star., 1920-02-12
Community WORK
THROUGH SCHOOLS
UPHELDAT INQUIRY
E. C. Snyder Of Wilson Cen
tel. Describes Growth Of
8 Local Activities.

That the community center OF TINS
citt stood for better citizenship,
nefghborly feeling and had its nat
ural outlet through the public school
syste m. was the assertion last night
at THE hearing on community work
before the joint committee OF the
Board. Of Trade and Chamber OF Com
merce. E. c. Snyder. representing the
Wilson Normal Community Center,
made the first address for community
center work.
With an attendance of 100000 at the
nineteen community centers in one
YEAR, and with the number of centers
constantly growing. Mr.. Snyder said
that he did not feel that any other
organization, especially one which,
he said. had it's inception In another
city. could adequately feel the pulse
of Washington people as residents OF
this city could. The growth or the
community center work has heen que
to the people, said Mr.. Snyder. and
its work is of wholesome interest 10
them.
Community secretaries are elected
directly by the vote of the people,
continued Mr.. Snyder. and the COM
nunity itself is the arbiter of the ac-
tivities carried on. He pointed out
that there are no paid officials OF the
community center work except the
secretaries who receive a maximum
salary of $1,000 per year. The money
10 procured from Congress through
the board of education. looking to the
betterment of community work. and
no request has been made to the pub
lie to contribute to this cause, said
Mr.. Snyder.
Duplication Of Efforts.
Speaking of the Community Serv-
ice, Incorporated. Mr.. Snyder said:
IF the Community Service is be-
quest from the War Camp Community
Service. it is a long time coming into
its inheritance. 1t is not a part and
parcel Of the community life of the
District of Columbia. 1t is using the
people as a vehicle to ride into tenn
porary power and prestige"
In answer to a question from one OF
Evening star., 1920-02-12
wholesome means of getting people

wholesome means of getting people
together.
She said that the establishment of
the post office in the various centers
met definite need. and that the
community buying Of produce was
Of great heip to the people. Miss
Norton named the Arts Club, the Fed
I Grafton of Dramatic Clubs. the XII
partments. especially the Government
Recreation League, as directly CO.
operating with the work of the COM
| munity centers.
Comparison Of Efforts.
Asked by one of the committee il
the community center work was as
, city-wide in scope as that of the
Community Service, Incorporated,
Miss Norton replied that the COM
munity center did not work in the
churches had no travellers aid society
and no public song leaders.
Mr.. Snyder. after q short tribute
to the work in the co1ored community
centers. called on Mrs. Gabriel Pei
ham. supervisor Of the colored com,
that the colored centers we're going
more into the serious side of cit1-
zenship and less into the recreational
activities.
DIR. p NJ: Murray. secretary of the
Dunbar Community Center. spoke
Dr1eHy OF tlle "osN ooliO III NY
ored eenters. and said that they
were striving for better citizenship
II. F. Ashton. chairman of the rec
reation committee of the Thomson
Community Center. said that the larg-
est entertainment of soldiers during
war time was done by this center. ana
also read a list of the state societies
W hi CHI met there regularly.
Mrs G. w. Stone, secretary of the
Chevy Chase Community Center. told
of the work during the influenza pc
riod, when community secretaries $
took upon themselves the task OF
helping to keep down the spread or
the disease. Canon j. w. Austin cor
roborated Mrs. Stone.
Mrs w. b. Hardy. in charge OF the
community center work at the East
ern High School. pointed out overlap
ping of the two community organ
izations She said that last year the
war Camp Community Service paid a
secretary to come into the school
where her center was located. This
was in direct conflict with the work
being carried on. Mrs. Hardy said
that the secretary since has been re-
moved.
In describing the varied work Of a
community secretary, Mrs. Hardy
created laugh by this characterize
ton: "a community secretary looks
after nobody's business for the good
of everybody"
A public hearing for every one in
terested in either side will be held to-
night at o'clock in the Homer build
ing 1t is understood that represent
atives of the Government Recreation
League will be heard tonight.
Evening star., 1920-02-12

fight that has been in progress in
Congress for ten years for the pas
sage of a land leasing bill. Last ses-
sion conferees upon a similar bill
reached an agreement. but failure of
the Senate to accept the report in the
rush Of legislation at the close OF the
session prevented final enactment.
The bill as finally passed provides
for the leasing and development Of
government owned oil. coal. gas,
phosphate. sodium and oil snaie lands
by private enterprise, and affects ap-
proximately 100000 acres of public
domain. principally in western states.
Evening star., 1920-02-12

the absolute minimum required to in
sure adequate and suitable living con-
ditions on the campus for the ever
growing student body and also for
adequate salaries for the now UNDER
paid faculty Of Smith.
Evening star., 1920-02-12
OIL LAND LEASING BILL
GOES TO THE PRESIDENT

Enactment of the oil land leasing
bill was completed yesterday with the
adoption Of the conference report by
the Senate. The bill now goes to the
President.
The Senates action terminated a
Evening star., 1920-02-12

come out Of the war. Let us keep 1t
with U.S."
Mr.. English declared today that in
all his experience in organisation
work he had never encountered such
enthusiasm on the part Of the work.
ers as in this campaign.
Evening star., 1920-02-12

The list of living ex-queens includes
the name Of the Infanta Mercedes,
was Queen of Spain from the death of
her father. Alfonso XII. to the birth
of the present king. She reigned 169
days. probably the shortest reign on
record
Evening star., 1920-02-12

Almost the entire population Of the
French town of Montreuil is engaged
in the Manufacture of dolls heads.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-07-13

pages personally did no waiting. but
occasionally the sovereign would in
struct them TO carry some particular
dish to one of the guests II pleased him
to specially honor with his attention.
They accompanied the King in detach-
ments when he travelled or changed his
residence. During the royal hunts they
had charge OF the spare guns and led
the horses brought for their masters
fresh mounts.
Many stories are contained in the
memoirs OF the period, concerning the
sharpness. readiness, and also the mis-
chief OF the pages. Their misiemeanors
and their pranks. their practical jokes.
their fiirtations with the maids of honor.
and even with ladies OF higher rank,
were traditional, which did not prevent
them afterward from fighting like lions
and shedding their blood like water for
the lilies of the Bourbons or the trtcolor
of the empire.
'Insolent as page" was a common
saying. and their bold repartees. their
free audacity at times won the indulg-
ence and gained them immunity even
from so severe an observer Of etiquette
as Louis ". One day this King sur
prised one OF the pages left in charge
OF his guns aiming at the passing game.
and after vainly resisting the tempta-
ton TO try his skill, firing a shot and
winging his bird. The King approached
in anger, but at the sight of the boys
face, flushed with the triumph of sue
cess, he relented and said gently: Go
on. monsieur. l presume il amuses you
more than IL does me"
At Versailles, under the Bourbons, the
pages were quartered in the great stable
buildings which are now the artillery
barracks. facing the castle. Napoleon /,
who was deeply conscious that his reign
required all the pomp Of the ancient
regime to increase it's prestige, restored
the institution of pages, and several of
the old nobility were found on the roll
of that service The Restoration-afte
some ehesitation-decided to do the same
i'm 1919, and the first registered forma-
tion of the corps dated from 1920. The
term formation" was applied TO the
admission of a boy, and promotion" to
his appointment to military grade.
There had been eight pages on duty
attached to the Castle, as the Tuileries
used to be called. Louis XVIII nomt-
mated forty and quartered them at Yer
sailles, as before the revolution. The
Minister of the Kings Household pre-
sented the names of those aspiring to
be enrolled, and the King with his own
hand marked on the lists the appoint
ments he approved of, The proofs of
four generations OF nobility were no
longer required yet the highest families
were anxious to see their sons enlisted.
Boys became pages at fifteen, and left
the greater stables at eighteen. without
examination either on their nomination
or at their exit. but If their conduct
had been biameless they received the
brevet of Sub Lieutenant in the army.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-07-13

To begin with, it is best in this case
TO use either a plain scrim or net for
curtains over each window. fastening
them on rods top and bottom. Then
hang side curtains at each side of the
group of windows, and run a rather
narrow valance from side TO side. The
rod bearing the valance may need to be
supported in the middle, but this is an
easy matter. In such a case the side
curtains would not be wide enough TO
draw together, and IN formal arrange
ment they might be looped back and
held in place with cords. The valance,
in such a case, might be stiffened, and
cut in scallops, and edged with narrow
cotton or silk fringe. TO match the
fabric used for the curtains and valance.
1t is possible, however. to break a
group of windows into two or three
units, and have side curtains for each
group. These curtains are then hung
under a valance, and draw together in
pairs, each over the two or three win
dows that form it's unit. OF course a
soft fabric must be chosen for these
wide curtains, so that 1t will hang in
soft folds.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-07-13
WHEN KINGS STILL HAD THRONES
HOW THE PAGES WE'RE CAREFULLY
TRAINED FOR THEIR PROFESSION

THE origin of pages goes back as
far as the bas empire when the
children of the highest families
were brought up at court and eventu-
ally became officers OF the Crown or OF
the army. Hence the current express
sion: "sorfir de page" used TO convey
the idea that a youth had attained his
manhood. During the middle ages. and
as late as the Renaissance, the knights
and "seigneurs" had each a squire and
q page attached TO his person. The
squire could become knight and the
page had the same ambition. which was
no means a servant. valet or a
menial; he was in point of fact an ap-
prentice. and waited on his master only
for what was then styled noble serv-
Ice"
Before the revolution of 's3 the pages
I'm France were in reality a school Of
cadets. They to prove before admit
tance. four quarters of nobility. like the
girls who sought admittance at St Cyr.
their brevets of good birthsbeing signed
by the Chancellor of the College Of
Heraldry. Whatever has since been
said to the contrary. the pages had to
work; their studies included French.
mathematics. fencing and riding. They
had dancing master. who was also
teacher OF department, the accomplish
ment OF perfect manners being at that
time one of paramount Importance.
The pages were divided into pages of
the greater and lesser stable pages
of the King" pages of the Queen" of
the Comte d'Artois and of Monsieur.
Their hierarchy was strictly observed.
They began with the lesser stable. rose
to the higher, and left 1t with the brevet
of subj lieutenant. The ambition OF
every youth was to enter the Queens
Dragons. the crack regiment of tho
time.
The uniform OF the pages was q coat
"a la Franchise" of the peculiar shade
of blue called bleu de roi. with gold lace.
breeches in red cloth, waistcoat of the
same, white hose, buckle shoes, three
cornered hat. and on the shoulder a
FLOWING knot of ribbons. This was the
costume for the interior of the palace;
when on horseback the pages wore the
blue breeches and the high riding boots.
with the white linen covers over the
breeches.
A royal page intrusted with a mes
sage by his master. either verbal or
written, had TO be introduced imme-
diately to the addressee of that mes
sage. and never kept waiting. No in
termediary was suffered, and he was
entitled to reception befitting a "gentil-
homme"
When on duty at the Kings table the
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-07-13
TIME TO MAKE
SCHOOL CLOTHES

to bring CONSERVATION and discourage
ment to the mother this year. For
prices are really, If possible, more ad-
vanced than those for adults clothing.
The utmost conservation is really nec-
essary and in order to achieve this 1t
Is sometimes advisable and possible to
use coats of the older children for the
younger ones, by having them ripped
apart, cleaned and then made over in
side out. 1t there is good wooden ma
terial in the coat it is well worth saw
ing.
Another way TO make the winter
coats less expensive is to make them
yourself. They are not extremely diff
cult if you have good paper pattern
and then take them to the local tailor
to be pressed after you have made
them. Chinchilla is an ideal fabric for
the little boys or girls coat and this
may be bought in splendid quality for
three and half or four dollars a yard.
This seems like an enormous price, but
when you see how little is needed to
make a coat, and compare that with the
amount that you would have to pay for
a coat, you will see that you will real
ize something worth while on your own
labor However, one would hardly at
tempt to make a garment Of this sort
unless a fairly successful home dress
maker.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-07-13

In spite OF the high cost of laundry
work it is still most economical for you
to dress your little children in wash
things as much as possible, even in
winter. And you will find that if you
start the school year off with a good
supply of plain cotton frocks or suits
you will be able later on to get along
with the minimum of woolen things.
So great is the demand for cotton
things for school children these days
that the merchants have been having,
or are TO have. an autumn gingham
week, when they would make point
Of selling at reasonable prices good
quality ginghams that are especially
adapted to making school children's ap-
parel.
You yourself may prefer to wear
summer underthings all winter long and
increase the warmth providing qualities
of your clothes by wearing heavier
frocks, but it is by far the better plan
to dress your children in warm under
clothes in winter and continue wash
able frocks as long as possible. There
is always poor economy in putting any
thing on your children that cannot be
tubbed. for of course it is just as grimy,
even though it may not show it,
The question OF coats and outer wraps
for school children is one that is sure