The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1920-02-14

derground water is without merit, although
'forked-stick" artists from experience often are
better able to Judge the probabilities Of ground
water than the average person.
Various Kinds of Wells.
Wells are spoken Of as shallow deep, dug,
bored driven, or drilled, and in the case Of tubu-
lar wells, as nonfowing, flowing, or artesian
Persons interested in the various types of wells
and their construction, advantages, disadvantages,
etc. will find the subject treated in Farmers Bu-
letin No. 941.
Wherever possible, the farmhouse should be
fitted with some sort Of running-water system,
simple or elaborate, according to the investment
the owner is able to make. For such systems
water may be raised by natural flow, hydraulic
rams pumps, air lifts, or air-displacement pumps.
Hydraulic rams are the most economical water
lifting devices. Since rams of various sizes and
makes perform differently 1t usually Is necessary
to accept the mechanical details determined by
the manufacturer. The minimum, never more
than the average flow Of the spring should de-
atermine the size Of the ram. Otherwise the one
selected may be too large for the dry-weather
flow. Small flows may be determined by noting
the time required to fill vessel Of known ca
pacity Larger flows may be determined by weir
measurements.
When the water supply is far from the ram
SITE 1t is usual to pipe the flow to an open tank
or reservoir located so to secure the desired
length and fall Of drive pipe. Sometimes the
flow of a spring is too small to actuate ram that
ia sufficient for domestic requirements In such
instances and where nearby brook can De
damned to obtain the necessary power head, tne
recoii Of the ram may be employed to admit the
spring water, which is pumped by fall OF the
brook water to the pipe drive
Motion Of water produces friction, which IN
creases with the length and roughness OF the
pipe and the rapidly of the waters movement.
Hence wherever much water is to be delivered
through a long pipe the power or head necessary
to overcome friction should be determined Inc
bulletin mentioned before Farmers Bulietm NO.
941) contains a table which shows the frlct'on
head; that is, the number of feet to be addeo 10
the vertical height for each 100 feet of iron pipe
(not new to overcome friction when dischars
ing given quantities Of water.
Selection of Pump.
In the selection Of q pump one should DETER
mine the kind Of well to be used, its inside di-
ameter. depth to the bottom, the depth caseo'
depth to the water level, both when the pump Is
at rest and in operation and the maximum
Weld. The maximum quantity of water required
per day should be calculated also. one fnoulo
also determine the distance from the weilWo the
nroposed location of the pump and the Yerticai
height between these points; likewise the as
lance from the pump to the reservoir or tank anu
the vertical height between these points. Inc
kind of power to be employed should be set,led
mon also-hand power, windmill, gasoline or OIL
encines, or electric motors-and the method OF
transmitting the power
Farm pumps usually are Of the suction, lift,
force. deep-well type or some combination OF
these. Suction and lift pumps do not raise wa
Tar above the pump nor discharge 1t under press
ure Suction pumps require the cylinder 70 De
above the water level of the supply. If per-
feet vacuum could be created within the cylinder
water could be raised vertically by suction 3SS
feet at sea level However, the actual suction
lift ls usually not more than two-thirds OF fne
theoretical lift. Methods Of making tight joints
are described in the bulletin referred TO.
Horizontal suction pipes may extend long dis
tances. proyiting the friction loss plus the YER
IDEAL height from the water level to pump valve
does not exceed the limiting suction lift where