davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
Banished Three Times

The Grand Duke Michael Alex
androvitch, who was regent of Rus
sia for eighteen hours when Nicho-
las II was deposed, was an old hand
at morganatic marriage. He was
the youngest brother of the Car
and might have been a Hapsburg
from his reputation for profligacy.
His escapades were such that he was
banished from the court three times
in half dozen years. At one time
marriage was arranged between him
and Princess Patricia Of Connaught.
and Russian statesmen were greatly
chagrined when the marriage fell
through, but the Grand Duke could
not be controlled long enough to
get him under the yoke. He first fell
in love with the wife of brother
officer and after a great scandal
divorce was arranged and Michael
married her. But he soon fell in love
with the wife Of another brother
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

confined to Osaka. But this is not
true. 1t should be worldwide. He
takes piece Of wood. into which are
inserted a head and limbs, and
covers it with a piece of brocade.
and 1T becomes a fairy princess,
changing her postures every second.
rivaling in animation any dancer
possessed of spinal column.
Has Many Voices
Koshijidayu, the chief interpreter
of the dolls ballad-dramas. is a man
OF many voices; he laughs and cries.
coughs and scolds, is a villain one
moment and the hero the next-his
mlnstrelsy something that has been
lost on the stages of other lands
and fully adequate to express all the
comedy, tragedy, pathos and Joyful.
ness Of these old dol! plays that re-
fleet old Japan, but still have their
place in the hearts Of the busy, bust
ling people Of modern Japan.
The actors Of the theater proper
in Japan have long gone to the doll
actors for inspiration, and the
dramas written for the dolls ara TO-
day the most popular pieces PLAYED
ON ths stages Of Tolxio and Osaka.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

officer, divorced his first wife, pro-
vided a divorce for his new imam
orata and married her. He was still
more or less her husband when he
was called upon to be regent be-
tween sunset and sunrise.
Grand Duke Nicholas, commander
of the Russian armies at the begin
ming Of the war, had also been NOR
ganatically married. His first wife
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

not been for the protests Of his fam
lily and most trusted counsellors.
His family and advisers were able
to persuade him to a morganatic
marriage and Immediately after his
death she was banished from Russia
by the Car Alexander III. Two
months before she had been made
Princess Yourieffska and her royal
husband had placed an enormous
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
|umania's Crown Prince Is the
Latest Royal Heir to Make a
Morganatic Marriage.

and brazenly threatened not only "a
make Sophie Chotek queen Of Hun
gary but to make the children ~
Franz and Sophie successors to tho
throne.
Six years ago it was quite plain
that there might be a very pretty
royal mix-up in Austria-Hunearv
when the old Emperor Franz Josef
died. There was the possibility Of
an empero,! of Austria. with a mor-
ganatic wills who was queen Of Hun
gary, whose eldest son would succeed
to the throne Of Hungary but be
debarred from that Of Austria.
The tragedy Of Sarajevo solved
the problem. The bodies OF Franz
and Sophie were thrown into the
grave-there is really no other way
to describe the indecent lack Of re-
spect with which they were treated
and their children were lost to sight
and memory. The Archduke Charles
became the successor to the double
throne, and the old Emperor went to
MS grave under the shadow of the
most terrible crime Of the many that
had filled his long reign.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
THE Countess Torby, NOR
gamatic wife of Grand
Duke Michael, and their
daughter, at the upper left

del ke" at La Mandria. The King.
he says, came to meals coatless and
with his shirt unbuttoned at the
neck, displaying mis- extraordinary
chest, while his consort wore the
camisola of the Italian women Of
the lower class and a single skirt
that came in the neighborhood Of
her ankles. There was no cloth on
the table, and the salt was in heap
by the monarch's plate, because it
worried him to have to dip his spring
onions, which he ate raw in great
quantity, into the salt cellar.
The King died about seven years
before her, and made so httlo pro-
vision for her that both she and her
children would have been in want
had it not been for the generosity
of King Humbert, who bestowed
liberal allowances on her and his
half brother and half sister. She
lived in deep retirement after the
Kings death, and no move was made
to expel her from Italy, yet so deep
was the resentment of the Italian
people against her for sullying the
name of their king that soon after
her death her tomb was broken open,
the body dragged from the coffin
and soaked in oil and burned.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

The fence that surrounds the COM
pound is startlingly theatrical for a
holy place-for it's unusual archi-
tectural features are composed of
green latticed windows, bordered
with black, set at intervals In q
white wall that is decorated with
cross-beams Of vermilion.
This gay superstructure has a
high stone foundation, and the whole
is covered by a sloping copper roof
that has weathered into soft verdi.
girls. Entering through q large
scarlet gate, all gayety is left
behind. for the simple shrine, where
the NEUROLOGICAL ancestors Of the
nation are deifed, in dun and brown.
with heavy thatched roof. Pigeons
rest on the bronze lanterns, and peo-
pie throw coins into the big money
box and make their supplications.
Like Ordinary Theater
The interior Of this unpretentious
doll theater is like an ordinary Japa-
nese playhouse, with it's square
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
The Baroness Vaughan

The Baroness Vaughan cannot
truly be called the morganatic wife
of Leopold II Of Belgium, although
eleven days before his death they
were married by religious ceremony
The law Of Belgium requires the civil
as we'll as the religious ceremony in
marriage. Moreover, morganatic
marriages are not recognized in Bel
gium, and members of the reigning
house have not the right to we'd
without the consent of Parliament
and the Cabinet.
This notorious woman whose name
was Catherine Delacroix, was Gre
ated Baroness Vaughan by the
Prince of Monaco, no other ruler be-
ing willing to grant her a title and
Leopold being unable to do so with
out the sanction Of his ministers.
He was unable to persuade his min
listers even to grant a title to the
elder of his two sons by her. The
sudden death Of his Prime Minister,
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
Archduke Resigned

Archduke Leopold Ferdinand did
not go to the trouble of a morganatic
marriage. After infinite quarreling
with the old Emperor Leopold, Fer
dinand resigned his rank, was ex.
lied to Switzerland, took the name
of Leopold Wolfling and married
Wilhelmine Adamovic, daughter of
Vienna professor. A few years later
he divorced her, and in 1907 married
Luise Ritter, the daughter Of pros
porous citizen Of Patschkau, Silesia,
and it has recently been reported in
the Swiss newspapers that Leopold
Wolf1lng is once more divorced and
remarked, this time to the daugh-
ter OF Vienna war millionaire.
The ex-German Emperor has also
had his troubles with morganatic
marriages in his family. Prince
Joachim Albrecht of Prussia.
cousin of the Kaiser, caused a pro-
1onged scandal in the Hohenaollern
family by falling in love with Marie
Sulzer, a we'll known figure on the
Berlin music hall stage, and refusing
to give her up at the Kaiser's be-
hest. He was sent to Africa to cure
nllA OF his passion, and while he
was away Fraulein Sulzer found an
lmpecunlous Baron Liebenberg, who
consented to marry her and then
divorce her for consideration. She
thought that in that way she would
gain the necessary rank to be ac-
cepted as the wife Of her royal lover.
William II was not satisfied with
this expedient, however, and when
Joachim Albrecht came back from,
Africa and resumed relations with
ms old sweetheart he was turned
out Of the army in disgrace. But
about that time ne inherited q for
tune from his grandfather, Duke
Ernst of Saxe-Altenburg, and thus
becoming financially independent
OF the Berlin court he married
morganatically the Baroness Lieb-
enberg and settled down to obscure
peace in Salzkammergut.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

doned By ths late Cxar and ordered
to Join his regiment at Tiflis, where
he was born. His wife, who is known
~ the Countess Torby, was one Of
the most fashionable figures in Lon
don and Paris and on the Riviera.
She declined to bury herself in so
remote . place az Tiflis, and the
Grand Duke informed the Car he
could not accept military assign
ment. The Gear was greatly angered
and the Grand Duke Michael and
the Countess Torby thereafter made
their permanent home I'm England,
where their great wealth, combined
with the beauty and wit of the
Countess, soon made them social
leaders. Their two daughters, the
Countess Zita and the Countess NADIA
Torby, were reigning London beau
ties before the war.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

4 RCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND and his nnoroonotic
pfe the Duchess of Hohenberg Franz Ferdinand zvos
heir to the throne Of Austria Hungary but his e acos not
of royal blood Their murder at Sarajevo the immediate
cause of the World War; ended bitter cotroversu eqard
ing succession IN the Dual Monarchy
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

was the widow Of the enormously
wealthy tea merchant Bouranina, Of
Moscow. After the death Of this
morganatic consort he married Prin-
cess Stana Of Montenegro, who two
years before had divorced the worth
less Duke George Of Leuchtenberp-
Romanoffsky. She is the eldest sis
ter of Queen Helena of Italy.
Nearly a Czarina
Two rulers of recent times who
had morganatic wives were Alexan-
der III Of Russia and Victor En-
manuel II of Italy. Alexander II
Efell in love with the Princess Cath
lerine Dolgorouka, one of the maids
of honor Of his mother, the Dowaeer
Empress Marie, and for her sake
shamefully neglected the Czarina.
He ended by living openly with
Catherine Dolgorouka, who bore him
three children. On the death Of the
Czarina the Car married his sui.
tana within few weeks and would
have made her his empress had it
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
: EWS comes from Budapest
that the bourgeoise wife Of
Crown Prince Carol Of Ru-


mania has borne him q son,
IA that brings up the interesting
.,..rulation Of what the future
lssaas for the young person thus In
;i,ted more or less arbitrarily into
\. .f3airs Of Rumania. Will he al
usvs have, a. has his mother to-
M moral but no legal stand
NJ Will he one day be the ac-
tncwiedged heir to the Rumanian
esswn. or will he always be a pre-
t,nder, or person with a grievance.
.,anter for radical and disgruntled
politicians to gather around, a fire.
hrand In Rumanian politics, an un-
easing source Of dissension, as the
children Of the Archduke Franz Fer.
d,nand we're in Austro- Hungarian
asairs until the tragedy at Sara
jeve!
The Countess Chotek, later the
Duchess Of Hohenberg, wife of Arch,
duke Franz Ferdinand, was frankly
and openly q morganatic spouse.
Franz Ferdinand was thirty-seven
snd the Countess Chotek was thirty
two when they were married after a
nine years courtship, which meant
nine years of persistent and furious
opposition by the old Emperor Franz
Josef and all the imperial Austro-
Hungarian house, who lived in the
hope that Franz Ferdinand would
turn out debauchk like his brother
0tho and the run Of the Hapsburgs
and be content with the beautiful
Sophie Chotek for his mistress, while
he married royal princess to make
lite miserable for her and wind up
With scandal.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
Wear Gay Costumes

The minstrel sits on a rostrum to
the right Of the stage, with a
musician to accompany him. He
sings the descriptions and recites the
conversations, changing suddenly
from the high treble Of a youthful
princess to the gruff tones Of a
villain, initiating a feudal lord or
a merchant, q priest or a beggar,
interpreting the drama, the ever
changing rhythms Of the samisen
supporting and heightening the
emotions.
For tho ancestors Of the dolls the
best playwrights have written, and
the dramas produced in the doll
theater haye become masterpieces
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

minor performers arc garbed in
black, with black hoods and face
curtains to hide all traces of their
individuality-grouped like shadows
behind the radiant moving figures.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

Sophie Chotek for his mistress, while
he married a royal princess to make
lite miserable for her and wind up
With q scandal.
Insisted on Marriage
But the countess and the arch
luke we're different. They insisted
on marriage, and the Emperor was
at last forced to consent, but he
sould admit Of nothing more than a
iorganatic union. and Franz Ferdi-
md and the Countess Sophie were
'iiged to be satisfied with that con-
'ssion. They took q solemn oath
Vienna that the countess would
elinquish all rights to be empress
Austria, while both renounced for
y children there might be all rights
f~succession to the throne.
That made things all right, 80 far
. Austria was concerned, on the
iuTface. Hungary was another mat
er, however. and the Hungarian
Diet mad to pass law providing
against the succession of the Coun-
'eSs Chotek to the throne as queen
'f hungary and the succession of
children of the union as kings of
hungary. There was a big row over
nat The Countess Chotek was a
bshemian Of one Of the Oldest fami-
les in that ancient realm. The
Bohemian representatives in the
hungarian Diet could not see why a
Bohemian noblewoman was not as
good any day as a plague-smitten
Hapsburg. But the law was forced
} through the Diet, and things were
all right in Hungary-on the sur
lace
Really. the trouble was only be-
ginning. Franz Ferdinand had
already shown considerable determi-
aatlon concerning his marriage,
Which should have been almost warn
lns enough, and to protect the sue
csssion as far as he could the old
emperor named the young Archduke
Cnaries. then a boy Of fourteen
sears, the SUCCESSOR to the throne
after Franz. But Franz Ferdinand
immediately began to show even
more OF a mind of hts own than had
oeen acknowledged Of him. He de-
se'oped his own ideas in regard to
'ae future Of the empire and the
policies to be followed both in do
uestla and foreign affairs, and his
H'fe was his constant companion
and most intimate counsellor. It
'0on became evident that as 1t was
|Fmsseiy an emperor who had forced
a'n' 70 marry morganatically. when
% himself came to the throne he
night with as much ease absolve
aimself from the obligations Of the
va Emperor and make the Countess
eaosek empress. and In his capacity
:! emperor. with tho right to name
~ successor, nams one Of his own
children by the Countess Chotek to
succeed him.
wnen An emperor u an autocrat
us = simple matter for a new
~capant Of the throne to undo the
sosx Of his predecessor. The I'm
ns'ce Of this course Of events soon
'Scsms 20 evident that the old En-
pssoT, to soften the blow a. much
Possible. made the Countess
ss successfully Princess and
snsss Of Hohenberg, which placed
- Just below royal rank.
aansary Made Trouble
anSary made matters stiIl more
t Hungary said there was
svsn 30 brittle . thing a. an
anns cath IN tho way Of the
) sassss Chctsk's becoming queen
,s unsary. There was only law
s; no BY the Diet, and what the
had made the Diet could un-
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
Pardoned by the Czar

One Of the best known Of morga-
natic marriages Of recent times was
that Of the Grand Duke Michael Of
Russia. He was . cousin Of the late
Car, and under other circumstances
would have been somewhat remotely
In line for the succession to the
throne. He was exiled by Czar Alex
snder III for marrying morganatl-
cally, in defiance Of orders, Countess
Sophie Nuremberg, natural daughter
Of Prince Nicholas Of Nassau and
Nine. Doubelt, wife Of the Russian
general and chief Of police Of that
name. Through her mother she is
q grandchild Of the poet Pushkin.
Near the beginning Of this cen
tury Grand Duke Michael Was par
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
Future Not Bright

1t Is to be hoped that the little son
of Crown Prince Carol of Rumania
is in no such sad case, although his
outlook is by no means bright. That
poor child and his mother have not
even the protection of morganatic
marriage. Their only hope is in the
courage and determination of the
husband and father.
Morganatic marriage is not
matter OF statutory law pertaining
to all monarchical countries. 1t is
matter of "house law" intended
to preserve the sacred corpuscles of
royalty from plebeian contamina-
tion. Originally German and Aus
trian institution, it found it's way
into Russia and Denmark, and has
appeared in Italy on few occasions.
Rumania. one of the most democratic
of European monarchies, knows
nothing Of the institution, and when
Crown Prince Carol married, in
Odessa, in September, 1918, Mile.
Ole Zizi Lambrino, daughter. of a
Moldavian professor, the only re-
course King Ferdinand had was to
try to compel Prince Carol to divorce
his wife. The young Crown Prince
chose the course Of renouncing his
right Of succession to the throne
and when the act of renunciation
was declared void and his father
tried to force separation by send
ing him on a voyage around the
world shot himself in the leg rather
than set out for Japan.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
qnsary Made Trouble

uunS1ry made matters stiIl more
Hungary said there was
svsn 20 brittle . thing as an
anns cath IN tho way Of the
3 ssss y Chotak's becoming queen
ISL hungary. There was only a law
n;: g oy the Diet, and what the
had made the Diet could un-
The Hungarian Diet openly
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

van Trooz, from heart disease 1s at
tributed to violent quarrel between
the King and his minister over the
refusal Of the latter to give this
boy the title Of Duke Of Tervueren.
Leopold II finally died without hav-
ing leRitimatized his sons.
Two Other Marriages
There have been two morganatic
marriages in the house Of Hapsburs
in recent years besides that OF the
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the
Countess Chotek. In 1900 the Grown
Princess Stephanie, widow Of the
Crown Prince Rudolph, who was
killed scandalously at Meyerling,
married Count Lonyay. and two
years later her daughter, the Arch
duchess Elizabeth, married Prince
Ohio Won Windischgratz. Both OF
these royal ladies before marriage
took the oath renouncing all claims
for themselves and their descend
ants to the Austrian throne.
Forcing morganatic marriage In
these two cases was rather a far
fetched procedure, as under the
Pragmatic Sanction, by virtue of
which in 1928 the Emperor Charles
VI settled the crown on his daugh-
ter, Maria Theresa, it became the
rule that henceforth the Austrian
throne should always descend to
direct male heirs. Neither the
Countess Lonyay nor the Princess
Won Windischgratz, nor their de-
scendants, could, therefore, have in
herited the throne, had it continued
to exist, except through the abso-
lutte failure Of male heirs.
In 1868 Archduke Heinrich mar
ried morganatically Leopoldine Hoff-
man, afterward created Baroness
Waldeck, and the Archduchess Eliza
beth, granddaughter Of Franz Josef,
ran away with a mere lieutenant in
the army, Ohio Baron Seefried auf
Buttenheim. When they were
caught in an obscure village the
archduchess gladly went through a
morganatic ceremony Of marriage,
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
Forced a Divorce

Continued pressure leans too
much TOR him later, and Wien the
kim and Cabinet forced a divorce
Z ,u0h the court N' Young wife
we. % live j. 5ir, while
Prince Carol remained in Bucharest.
But the divorce was only legal. The
Church had no part in it, SO that,
while the prince was unmarried be-
fore the law, he remained the hus-
hand Of Mile. Zambrino in the eyes
Of the Church, and after a while
joined his wife in Monastir.
The Runanian Diet has threat
ened several times to declare the
marriage Of Prince Carol and Milo.
Lambrino valid, despite the perfume.
tory divorce Of the courts, and it
seems as though positive steps of
some kind should be taken to settle
the status Of the child just born and
his mother. Democratic Rumania
does not recognize any reason why
a commoner should not by marriage
into the royal family become eligible
to the throne, but as affairs stand
at present Mile. Lambrino is the In
nocent victim Of circumstances that
make her wife and not wife, and
her child a royal prince and worse
than nothing.
Morganatio marriages have not
been infrequent in those countries
where the institution Is recognized,
and in the minds Of those who are
familiar with the phenomenon there
is nothing derogatory in it. It's
practical effect is to debar the wife
Of inferior birth from bearing her
husbands name and to debar the
children Of the union from bearing
thelr fathers name, sharing his
hered tary honors and armorial
bearings and benaf1ting from the
nr$a4ls5 t1oasAsuionx of thA house
The Washington herald., 1920-09-26
5 PRINCIPAL PARTS
IN MODERN TIRES

There are five principal parts to
a tire-the carcass, the bead, the
side wall, the breaker strip and the
tread.
The carcass is made of layers of
fabric impregnated with rubber
Fabric gives the casing tensile
strength, and the rubber holds II
together and gives it wearing quail
tiles.
The bead gives shape to the tire
and anchors it to the rim. 1t is OF
elastic rubber in the clincher tire,
and a wire cable in hard rubber in
the straiGht-side tire.
The side woll is light rubber
covering on the sides of the tire
and protects it from the elements.
The breaker strip affords the
most resiliency between the tread
and the carcass. 1t is made of
web-woven fabric imbedded in
gum.
The tread, or running surface of
the tire, consists of heavy rubber
carefully compounded for hardest
wear.
The Washington herald., 1920-09-26
King Car Gives
Milady Bearing
Of Regal Queen

When milady alights from her
King touring car she does so with
a sense of pride which naturally
goes with her conviction that she
possesses one of the nattiest cars on
the market.
The speedy, yacht-like appearance
of the now passenger King
touring car mas been accented by
cIean-cut, flat-top edges of the body,
and she cannot but wish for Dassers
by to pause and admire her taste in
the selection of automobiles and
ability to handle such an imposing
car.
Nothing has been overlooked in
the interest of women motorists in
the production of the King Eight.
outside and inside door handles,
high grade hinges, clOpping wind
shield, and a unique windshield and
instrument board bracket are par
ticularly new features. An instru-
ment board of heavy steel stamp
ing. finished in mahogany, adds to
the distinctive beauty of this model.
Always a car of great riding COM
fort, this quality has been still fur
ther Increased by the newly-de-
signed and specially constructed
spring cushions and backs, which,
with the famous cantilever springs,
give easy chair comfort for an hour
or day of travel. With all its big
mess and comfort, this car is de-
signed with a grace and snap seldom
found in the seYen-passenger type.
I'm ease of handling, instant re-
.sponsiYeness to every demand of the
driver, and great freedom from gear
shifting, ii is re-eminently the
most satisfactory model for wome n
to drive.
The Washington herald., 1920-09-26
Lafayette Cars
Are Latest Word
In Auto Fashions

Women who desire to keep pace
with the styles know thcy must
wear exclusive gowns, that is,
gowns which they will not find
duplicated on other persons. 1t is
the same when they consider the
purchase of an automobile. They
wish to have an automobile which
stands at the pinnacle of fame, one
which is. only purchased by dis
eliminating motorists and is only
seen in the most exclusive circles.
A car which answers these needs
is the Lafayette touring car,
which is the production of D. Nc
Call White, formerly chief engineer
of the Cadillac Motor Company,
and is now ready for distribution
here in Washington by, the Walker
Motor Company at 1917 Connecticut
avenue northwest y
While the chassis of the LaFay-
cite has the usual road clearance,
the design is unusually low, per-
mitting low, graceful lines in all
bodies. The line of vision of.
passenger. is approximately that of
a person of normal stature walking
along the street. The horizontal
body lines arc straight while the
lines in the vertical plane are
curves. The radiator and hood are
high. -s-