davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1920-10-22
NOTICE OF ELECTION
State of South Carolina,
County of Newberry.

1
Notice is hereby given that the
General Election for Presidential
and Vice Presidential Electors,
United States Senator and Represen-
tatives in Congress will be held at
the voting precincts fixed by law in
the County of Newberry on Tuesday,
November 2, 1920, said day being
Tuesday following the first Monday,
as prescribed by the State Constitu-
| ton.
The qualifications for suffrage are
| as follows:
Residence in State for two years,
in the County one year, in the poll
ing precinct in which the elector Of
fers to vote, four months, and the
payment six months before any
election of any poll tax then due and
payable: Provided, That ministers
in charge of an organized church
and teachers of public schools shall
be entitled to vote after six months
residence in the State, otherwise
qualified. =,
Observation-Disclosures of all
taxes, including poll tax, assessed
and collectible during the previous
year. The production of a certifi-
cate or the receipt of the officer au.
thorized to collect such taxes shall
be conclusive proof of the payment
thereof.
Before the hour fixed for opening
the polls Managers and Clerks must
take and subscribe to the Constitu-
tional oath. The Chairman of the
Board of Managers can administer
the oath to the other Managers and
to the Clerk; Notary Public must
administer the oath to Chairman.
The Managers elect their Chairman
and Clerk.
Polls at each voting place must be
opened at Z o'clock a. m. and closed
at 4 o'clock p nl., except in the City
of Charleston, where they shall be
opened at a. NJ. and closed at e
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1920-10-22
"Didn't Rest Well"
Prominent Georgia Lady Suffered from Faint Spells
and Slpeplessness- by Z50n

"I didn't rest we'll some nights. 7
would be just as tired when got up
In the morning as when I went to
bed. would get weak, and have kind
of fainty spells-at times hardly able
to do my housework.
81 heard of Ziron, and felt maybe
a tonic would help me. I thought II
would at least strengthen me.
T believe Ziron has done me good
/ feel better. am glad to recommend
it as good tonic"
Try Ziron. Our money-back guaran'
tee protects you. At your drugsist4
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1920-10-22

Mrs. W. B. Shealy spent Monday in
the capitol city.
Mr.. Julian Boland of Columbia
spent Saturday night and Sunday
with his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. j. A.
Boland.
Miss Halle Haltiwanger has ac-
cepted the position as day operator
of the telephone exchange here.
, Mrs. Martha Shealy had as her
guests for the weekend her children,
Mr.. and Mrs. Horace J. Shealy of
Laurens, and Mr.. and Mrs. L. E.
Shealy of Chaplin.
Mr.. Roy Huffman of Clinton spent
the weekend with his father, K. 2.
Huffman.
Rev. ]. j. Long left Tuesday for
Washington to attend the convention
of the United Lutheran Church in
America.
Misses Willie Mae Shealy and Ed
ma Shealy of Summerland college
spent the weekend with their par
ents.
Mr.. and Mrs. John M. Doster Of
Columbia visited the latter's parents,
Mr.. ard Mrs. J. w. Shealy, last
weekend.
B. v. Chapman Of Newberry visit
ed relatives here this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Burr Connolly have
returned to their home in Newberry
after spending week with their
daughter. Mrs. John Chapman.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leland Shealy OF
Newberry spent Sunday with the
latter's parents, Mr.. and Mrs. D. E.
Epting.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Boland and
children, Mr.. and Mrs. Jeffe Boland
and children of Clinton, Mr.. and
Mrs. Moody Boland and children OF
Columbia, spent Sunday with their
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. David Boiand.
Mr.. J. B. Connolly of Newberry is
visiting relatives here.
Mr.. and Mrs. John A. Huffman
spent last Thursday in Newberry. 9
Miss Mae Belle Fulmer spent Sat
urday afternoon in Chaplin.
Mrs. Jim Cumalander spent Satur-
day in Newberry.
| Mr.. Willie Hack Derrick left Sun
day for the Fairview section, where
he is principal Of the school this ses-
sion..
Misses Eula and Chloe Epting LETT
Saturday to take up their work IN the
St. Lukes school another session.
Mr.. Bert Taft of Camp jackson
, was a weekend visitor with friends
here.
Mr.. Sidney Summer of Lexington
spent the weekend with his sister,
Mrs. J. H. Stockman, and friends.
Mr.. E. w. Derrick Of Chaplin spent
Sunday evening with friends here.
MIR. w. H. Huiett of Greenwood
visited friends here last weekend.
Mr.sand Mrs. A. N. Boland left
last Saturday for an extended visit
! to their daughters, Mrs. David Farr
Of Pruce Pines and Mrs. John l..
Page of Gastonia, N. c.
Mr.. and Mrs. @. A. Epting and
son, Frank, were business visitors to
Newberry last Saturday.
Mrs. ). H.. Summer of Newberry
was the guest of Miss Elberta Sease
Wednesday.
Mrs. Martha D.. Summer of New
berry spent Wednesday with her SIS
ter, Mrs. David Boland.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1920-10-22

!p. m.
The Managers have the power to
fill a vacancy; and if none of the
Managers attend, the citizens can ap-
point from among the qualified vot-
ers, the Managers, who, after being
sworn, can conduct the election.
At the close of the election the
| Managers and Clerk must proceed
publicly to open the ballot box and
/ count the ballots therein, and con-
tinue without adjournment until the
same is completed, and make state
! ment of the result for each office,
and sign the same. Within three
DAYS thereafter the Chairman of the
/ Board, or some one designated by
! the Board, must deliver to the Com
missioners of Election the poll list,
the box containing the ballots and
! written statements of the result OF
| the election.
Managers of Election.-The fol-
lowing Managers of Election have
been appointed to hold the election
at the various precincts in the said
| County:
Newberry Court House-R. T.
Caldwell, A. j. S. Langford, Miss
Mary L. Burton.
Newberry Cotton Mills-George
w. Robinson, H. S. Turner, Thos.
is. Adams.
Mollohon Mill-Wilbur CAN'T, /.
T. Zimmerman, G. H. Perkins.
Oakland Mills. R.. Zimmerman,
Jeff T. Cromer, ]. C. Suber.
Glymphville-J. H. Cromer, E. l..
Glymph, J. W. Caldwell.
Helena. G. Miller, j. R. Lake,
F. G. Spearman, Sr.
| Maybinton-J. Berry Richards, W.
". Lyles, w. B. Whitney.
Whitmire-F. W. FAINT, W. G..
Duckett, Mrs. W. R. Miller.
Betheden-R. C. Carlisle, E. C..
Folk, B. H. Caldwell.
Jalapa-A. B. Miller, B. L. Albrit-
ton, L. B. Hutson.
Longshore-Mrs. Hennie B. Sem,
C. H. Martin, J. R. Spearman, Jr.
! Williams Store-Henry Fellers,
Jr., Mrs. Kate Holloway Coleman, W..
r. Leavell.
Chappells-Mrs. Kate Holloway
Coleman, j. j.. Boazman, W. B. Al
Utopia. H. Attaway, W. R.
Schumpert, w. w. Herbert.
Prosperity-W. C. Dominick, G.
C. Fellers, Mrs. Maggie Barre Werts.
Hendricks Mill-P. B. Warner,
George H. Hunter, C. E. Lester
Slighs-E. R. Shealy, a. H.
Counts, John Dow.
| Jolly STREET.. A. Ellesor, W. B.
Boinest, r., W. o. Richardson.
| Central School House,. S.
Shealy, David Koon, Sigh Wicker.
Pomaria-J. w. Alewine, Mrs. j.
P. Settler, W. W. Berley.
Walton. NJ. Felker, j. S. Fow-
Ter, J. J. Hentz.
Mt. Bethel-!eorge S. Ruff, John
Baker, H.. o. Graham.
| St. Phillips-A. E. Lominick, j.
L.. Ruff, G., w. Shealy. -.
Little Mountain-W. B. Shealy, S.
w. Young, Miss Elberta Sease,
+, Union Academy-M. L. Strauss, P.
O. Parrott, H. j. Kinard.
Kinards-J. A. Dominick, L. ].
Brooks, A. D. Johnson.
Garmany Academy. S. Boozer,
w. C. Brown, Jr., w. G. Ulmer.
Peak-M. w. Wilson, j. O.
Counts, w. o. Oliver.
= Lambert V. Jones,
]. B. T. SStt,
j B. H. Heron,
Commissioners of Federal Election
for Newberry County, S. c.
Get the Boxes at Court House
One Manager from each precinct
should be certain to get the boxes,
ballots and instructions at the court
house Saturday, October 80.
Lambert w. Jones,
| Chairman.
|
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1920-10-22
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

All persons holding claims against
the estate of J. Reuben Thomas, de.
ceased, will present same duly at.
tested to the undersigned, at Blairs,
S. c., or to my attorneys, Hunt
Hunt & Hunter, Newberry, S. c., on
or before the 18th day of October,
1920.
Lewis S. Henderson,
AS Executor of the last will and test.
ament of j. Reuben Thomas, de.
ceased.
September II, 1920.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1920-10-22
- EoPLE who get to feeling weak

~ EOPLE who get to feeling weak
every now and then, and who do
not seem to get the proper re-
freshment from rest, sleep and recrea'
ton, need a tonic to help their blood
revitalize and build up their system.
For this, you will find Ziron Iron
Tonic very valuable, as the testimony OF
thousands already has proved. Mrs.
]. W. Dysart, lady Of prominent
Georgia family residing near Carriers
Vile, says:
IT didn't feel like myself.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1920-10-22
Expert Testimony.

Expert Testimony.
Morris Year Book.
"Say, Dad, what's a monologue?
"a monologue? A monologue
nv son, is a conversation between
husband and wife,
"But l thought that was dla'
logue.''
"No, a dialogue is when two per-
sons are speaking"
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1920-10-22

A Fayetteville man boasts of hav-
ing an umbrella he has had for 2O
years, but the Greensboro Record
thinks he has kept it long enough and
that he should return it noW.-Mor-
ris Year Book.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1920-10-22

Subscribe to The Herald and News
$500, year.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1920-10-22
POSITION OF LODGE
SCORED IN HIS STAE

CONTINUED From Page -
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
See Finish Of carranza.

Washington, May G.-Carranza's 8
back is to the wall, according to ad-
vices reaching here from Mexico.
Representatives of the Obregon
revolution predicted today that lthe
government of President Carranza
will be oyerthrown within a week.
1t is believed here that the situa-
tion in Mexico is more serious than
ithas been represented.
There is also ample confirmation
of the report that Gen. Pablo Con.
zales is at the head of big revolu.
tionary force near Mexico City. 1t
is pointed out here by experts in
Mexican affairs that the detection
of General Gonzales is practically
positive proof Of the downfall of Car
rama He is reported to be worth
$l0,O00,000 and to hold immense pro
perties. all Of which he would have
endangered if he were not sure OF
the result. 1t is thought that he and
General Obregon are in camp near
the capital city and are only waiting
for the exit plans Of Carranza.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
Former Secretary Of Treasury Credit
ed With Most Delegates to Date
and New Jersey Governor
Is Next.
EDWARDS MAY RETIRE
IN FAVOR OF GOV. COX
Chances of Jersey Man Are Believed
Slight Possibility of Knox-John
son Combination Seen in
c. o. P. Circles.

New York May G-From indca-
tions it is believed in political quar-
ters here that Gov Edwards, of New
Jersey, will withdraw from the race
for the Democratic presidential nomi-
nation and throw his support to
Gov. Cox, of Ohio.
The New Jersey governor, 1t is be.
lieved, thinks his chance of winning
the nomination is small. w. G. Nc
AdOo, former secretary of the treas
ury, is still lconsidered the strongest
Democratic possibility.
The standing Of the various De-
mocratic candidates, based on in
structed delegates and claimed to
uninstructed delegations, is as fol-
lows: McAdoo, 131; Edwards, 118;
Cox, 100; Herbert Hoover, Al; At
torney General Palmer, SO; Champ
Clark, &c. Robert l.. Owen, of Okla
homa, 10 Senator Hitchcock, of
Nebraska, 16; William j. Bryan, 10;
Former Ambassador Gerard, TO-
In Republican circles the possibil-
ity ia combination between Sena
tor Johnson and Senator Knox is
indicated by G. 0. p. leaders.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
CH|CKASHA WINS
FIRST 0KMULGEE
CAME, SCORE Al
,Drohan Holds okmulgee in Pinches
While Chicks Bunch Hits in
Third and Cop Ball Game;
Two More Scheduled.
Special to Express.

Special to Express
Okmulgee, May 6.-While Jimmy
Drohan, veteran of many diamond
battles was holding Okmulgee help
less when hits meant runs, his team
mates punched hits off Smith in the
third inning and pushed over enough
runs to win, the final score being 4
to /.
Drohan breezed along in handy
style, giving up nine hits to five by
Smith, but the veteran was seldom
in trouble. With men on. he tight
ened up and pitched winning ball.
From the third to the final frame,
the result was never in doubt as the
visitors held the home crew helpless.
Chickasha plays here today and to-
morrow after which both teams go to
Chickasha for q series Of three
games opening Saturday
The hOV cpnpn.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
SHOOTS
SON BY MISTAKE
FOR AUTO THIEF
BY United Press.

BY United Press.
Ryan, May Cliff Trice was in
stantly killed and Fred Jopling was
severely wounded here last night by
Bob Trice, city marshal, and father
of Cliff.
Marshal Trice was notified to
watch for a stolen automobile from
Waurika. He saw a car approach
ing but in the darkness he failed to
recognize his son. He commanded
the occupants of the car to halt
The brakes refused to work and
as the car did not slacken its speed,
Trice fired. When he got to the
car, Trice found that he had killed
his son and wounded his companion
who had driven from Tulsa to visit
his parents here.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
CHICKASHA SLEEPS ON RIGHTS
BY NOT PROVIDING FIELD FOR
LANDING PLANES SAYS BIRDMAN

"Chickasha needs an airplane land.
ing field and must have one or be
cut entirely Off the air routes" said
Lieut. p. b. Hodgen, who in compa.
ny with 1t. \ e. Knode is doing
commercial flying in this state.
we landed here yesterday and
have been trying TO get permission
to use some field near Chickasha on
which to land, but so far we have
not been successful continued the
birdman. IF Chickasha had a per-
m1nent landing field and a hangar
planes would come 100 miles out of
their way to land here and would in
way make Chickasha headquar-
ters, or at least one of the regular
stops
Enid has landing field and han
gar and the proposition is getting
results Planes at the rate of eight
to ten a week are stopping at Enid
my hinhu hO thdlS lOl lH6 uSt
Of the hangar, but that part of it IS
inconsequential The aviators would
pladly pay hangar fee if they could
get the accommodations As | say.
they would fly 100 miles to spend
the night if they could get their
ships well taken care Of in a hangar
On the other hand, If there Is no
landing field here the aviators win
pass the word along to stay away
from Chickasha' and the result will
be that the birdmen will give this
town a wide bertM There are many
commercial filters and the number is
steadily increasing. The air route,
passenger mail and express, is com
ing into its own and a town that
fails now to provide a place for the
birdmen to land, is sleeping on its
rights.
Many towns in Oklahoma are
landing fields and hangers.
Adjacent to Chickasha are several
pieces Of ground that would make
ideal landing fields, but we have
been unable to procure permission
from the owners to use them.
cannot understand this attitude when
most Of the towns are doing every
thing in their power to bring the av-
iators to them, instead of driving
them away"
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
"THE BETTER OLE" PROVES TO
BE TOP NOTCH Production
WITH HOPPER AS "OLD BILL"

You remember the story of the
British soldier who was crouehing in
shell hole, with bombs dropping
all around him, and how the Yanll
moved in on him, remarking, This
Is hi Of a rotten hole and how
Tommy came back with the observa-
ton, well, If you know OF better
ole, go to it,"
Well, Old Bill" the hero of the
play presented by Mr. DeWolf Hop
per and his excellent company at the
Sugg Wednesday evening. with his
pals, after all their ups and downs
in the trenches in France, finally
found the better ole" when he Sc
cured leave of absence and went
back to Bighty. Maggie, Bill's
adored spouse. had opened a new
inn there was the big sign, THE
Better Ole" and maybe you think
Old Bill wasn't happy bird.
The Better Ole" is based on the
famous cartoons of Capt. BARNS
father. II is story of British Tom
mics and French lassies, the major
action taking place Somewhere in
France and the final curtain falling
on Old Bill's home in Merry Eng
land II is rated as a comedy and
such ii is but the element of grim
tragedy is always near at hand
Capt. Bairnsfather was able to ex
tract the humor from the horrors of
trench life, embodying ii in his pic
lures, and the authors of the play
achieved n notable success in put
ting il into the lines and scenery
In the midst of death and terror
Tommys humor never deserted him.
Throughout the play, laughter and
tears are never far apart and in
some of the scenes, notably when
Old Bill is reunited with Maggie,
the pathos is over-powering.
From the beginning to the end of
the piece, Mr. Hopper was never
anybody but Old Bill himself His is
the art which conceals art and when
this is said his talent needs no
higher tribute. So completely was
the actor identified with the char
acter he portrayed that it was diff
cult to fancy that he could ever be
anybody other than .droll Old Bill,
hig-hearted, brave, true and tender
In his curtain talk, given in response
to repeated calls, Mr. Hopper made
a big hit with his audience. Through
out the evening the audience gave
marked evidence of appreciation.
The entire cast won favor and the
applause was plentiful. A better
play, presented by a more talented
was never seen in Chick
asha and the production as a whole
up to the highest stand
ards Of the metropolitan payhouses.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
Aged Woman Passes
AUGy at Her Home
CLeUeLdnd County

Funeral services for Mrs c. f.
Wantland, age SO. mother of John
Wantland of this city, who died
Tuesday at her home, in Noble
Cleveland county, were held yester-
day afternoon at the home of the
deceased.
Mr.. Wlntland returned to Chick
asha last night after attending the
funeral services in Noble.
Mrs. Wantland was an seer She
had lived in Noble since 1889. Pre-
vious to that time, she lived in the
Indiln Territory. Mr.. Wantland,
father of the local man, died three
years ago.
Three sons survive Mrs. Wantland.
They are: John Wantland of Chick
asha, E. c. Wlntland of Purcell and
VIM Wantland of Henrietta, Tex.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
Alex and Rush Springs Banks Named
AS Defendants; Soldier Says Ac.
tion OF Bank Put Him In
Bad With Captain.
SAYS HE WAS LANDED
IN POST GUARD HOUSE
Denies Endorsing Check In Cues
tion; Petition Says Had Pay the
Amount Of Check Plus $500
Charges AS Protests.

Damage to the extent of $4,000 and
judgment for $23 and court costs Is
asked in suit filed this week in dis
trict court here by Floyd Todd, for
mer soldier. The First National bank
of Alex and the First State bank
Rush Springs are named as defend.
ants
The suit involves an $500 check
alleged TO have been made in favor
of Claude Starkey. signed by II. r.
Starkey and endorsed by Claude
Starkey and r. n. Todd.
The check in question, according
to- the petition filed by the plaintiff
in the case, was presented to the
First State bank of Rush Springs for
payment and by that bank paid.
Plaintiffs petition further states
that the check was presented to the
First National bank of Alex, for pay
ment and by that bank paid; that
after the check had been paid, the
First National bank Of Alex, wrong
fully, unlawfully and maliciously
stated and represented to Capt Hugo
w Osterhaus, stationed at Mare
island, where Todd was then serving,
that the check was endorsed by the
plaintiff and that the said check was
drawn without authority of the ma
kerr and that by reason of the fact
that the plaintiff had endorsed the
check and cashed the same at the
First State bank at Rush Springs.
Todd was liable to the First National
bank of Alex for the amount of the
check and the expense incurred In
efforts to collect the same.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
o. c. w. CdrniUdL To
BE Staged Friday
Night at College

The o. c. w carnival is schedul-
ed for tomorrow night in the college
auditorium. opening at 7:15 O'Clock.
Proceeds for the carnival will be
added to the yearbook fund.
Music by the college orchestra, a
style show of gents and ladies' fur
nishings a vaudeville, Daisies Won't t
Tell" and cover the Sea-" and "Elec-
trical Wizard" will be the principal
attractions. Furnishings for the
style show will be supplied by
Chickasha merchants.
The carnival is an annual event
at the Oklahoma College for Wo
men.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
FINE ALLEGED sPEEDERs

Clayton Horn and w s. Hampton
were fined $5 each in municipal court
yesterday when they were found
guilty of having exceeded the speed
limit Charges of cutting corners
in a manner contrary to the city
traffic ordinances, were pending
against c. 0. Mead, auto mechanic,
this morning. A charge of speeding
was pending against Leon Murrell
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
Carranza Confident.
BY United Press.

Mexico City, May G-President
Carranza announced today that he
will crush the rebels and will deliver
the power of the nation into the
hands OF president who is elected
i ma peaceful manner He declared
that he is confident OF defeating the
revolutionists.
General Murgia is in command Of
the government forces here. Air.
planes are being used to watch the
movements of the rebels.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
"robasco Tedn Stuff.

Henryetta, May 6.-Despite the
fact that his club was leading the
Hens by two runs in the second in
ming, "Tobasco" Ted Warng called
his men off the field here yesterday,
refused to allow them to play the
game and Umpire Bill Setley prompt
ly forfeited the game to Henryetta.
8 to 0.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
Sc NATE DUE FOR
/. LONG SESSION Of
TALK ON TREATY
BY United Press.

Washington, May G.-Desultory de-
bate on the peace treaty is expected
to occupy the time of the senate for
the remainder of the week. Sena-
tor Lodge, the republican leader,
plans to let the senators take their
own time in debating the treaty.
The debate is on the resolution de-
claring a state of peace vita Ger
many. Democratic leaders have CON
ceded the passage of the resolution
but predict its prompt veto by the
president. 1t is asserted that con
gress is without power to take the
proposed action No early vote on
the resolution is expected.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-05-06
Reported to Be Closing in On West
Coast City; Predict That Other
Cities viii Join obregon's
Forces in Revolt
CARRANZA is CONFIDENT,
BACK TO WALL is ADVICE
Situation Believed to Be More Seri-
GUS Than Reports Indicate; Fall
OF Federal Government Fore
cast Within Week.
Special to The Express.

Special to the Express.
Aqua prieta, Sonora, May G.-The
fall Of Ma2atlan, on the west coast
Of Mexico is hourly expected, ac-
cording to advices reaching here to-
day The rebel army is reported to
be closing in ON the city.
Predictions are made that other
cities will join the Obregon forces.
Americans who cross the border will
be graciously received by the Lib
eral Constitntionallsto government,
it is stated.