davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
RUNNING THE FARM
LIKE A FACTORY
ANALYZE YOUR PROFITS OR
LOSSES ON EVERY CROP
AND STOCK HERD
If Any Crop or Herd Does Not Pay
Good Annual Profit, Discard 1t at
Once; Raise Nothing hat Does Not
Pay and You Are Bound to Pros
per, Say Some Students.

If shoes cannot be manufactured
profitably in Blanktown, the factory
is likely to be sold and turned into
an establishment for making brooms
or candy or some other commodity
which will pay under B~lanktown con
ditions. And the shoe factory will
be established in Libertyville, 800
miles away, where conditions are
right for the production of footwear.
Many persons want to apply the
same cours of reasoning to farming.
Analyze your costs, arrive at your
profits on every crop and every herd
of livestock, they say. If any crop or
herd does not pay a good average an
nual profit, discard it forthwith.
Raise nothing that does not pay.
At first glance, this seems entirely
reasonable. Why should not farm
ers specialize, raising only the few
crops that pay conclusively in their
region and under their special con-
ditions?
Sometimes they should. For ex-
ample, there are regions, principally
in the far west and the far south, in
which certain types of fruit farming
are dominant. There are other re-
gions, nea large cities, where truck
prevails.
In most parts of the United States,
however, we have general farming,
comprising farms of large acreage
and a great variety of enterprises.
Because of soil and climate and be-
of marketing conditions, highly
specialized agriculture is not practic-
able. Should these farms abandon ,
all enterprises that do not show a
clear profit? Not at all. The grow
ng of a certain crop, while not show
ng a clear profit, may be justified
it keeps labor busy that
would otherwise be paid for idleness
,r because it is of value to the soil or
it may be utilized to special
advantage or for some equally valid
'eaSon.
A crop that does not return a profit
be carefully s~crutinized by
he farmer, and should not be re-
aimed unless it is found to serve a
genuinely useful purpose. On the
'ther hand, it should not be rejected
orthwith.
Under present circumstances, the
Whole farm must be taken into con-
liberation. 1t is a factory making nu-
nervous products. Some of them may
lot pay individually, but they help
make the whole business pay. And
hat is the essential.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
BACKYARD FLOCK CONVERTS
TABLE SCRAPS INTO EGGS

In every household, no matter how
economical the housewife, there is a
certain amount of table scraps and
kitchen waste which has feeding
value but which if not fed finds it's
way into the garbage pail.
Poultry is the only class of domes-
tic animals suitable for converting
this waste material, right where it is
produced in the city, into wholesome
and nutritious food in the form of
eggs and poultry meat.
Each hen in her pullet year should
produce 10 dozen eggs, poultry spe-
cialists of the United States depart
ment of agriculture say. The aver
age size of the backyard flock should
be at least 10 hens. Thus, each flock
would produce in a year 100 dozen
of eggs, which, at the conservative
value of 35 cents a dozen, would be
worth $35.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
TREASURE STATE FARM AND LIVESTOCK
WHEN TO SELL POTATO CROP
ONE OF ND PROBLEMS

the country as a whole. A grower
should know the general situation in
order to make proper allowances fol-
local conditions, and he should not
only study the potato market but
should consider the size of the sweet
potato and other food crops which
may influence the demand and con
sumption of white potatoes. He must
watch, too, the trend of general
prices, especially food prices. II
general prices should fall decidedly,
then the price of potatoes might be
carried lower than the years produc-
ton would warrant.
In comparing the prices of one
year with those of another, allow
ance must be made for the rapid de-
crease during the last few years in
the purchasing power of the dollar.
For instance, $1.61 per bushel in
1919 and 80 cents per bushel in 1911
does not mean that potatoes were
twice as valuable at the later date.
The increase in price may have had
nothing to do with the potato bust
ness. 1t may have come from the
general rise which increased the price
of wheat, clothing and machinery as
well as potatoes. The effects of the
general increase in prices must be
eliminated from the calculation.
Potato Exports Small
Before attempting to analyze the
relations between the figures of pro-
duction and stocks on the one hand
and prices on the other, it should be
mentioned that potatoes are not x
ported to any great extent, seldom
more than one per cen of the crop
being carried out of the country.
Neither are potatoes carried over
one season to another, as is the
case with some crops. That is, the
crop is practically. all con-
sumed in this country and each sea-
crop is a separate problem in
This is one of the large potato
years and the way in which the ques-
ion of time of marketing is settled
by the individual farmer means an
immense sum of money in the gross
from one of the nations
eading crops. The wise grower will
ftudy every phase of conditions and
will utilize the aids which are fur
lished by the crop and market re-
,orts of the United States department
# agriculture.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
WINTER BROOD SOWS AS
CHEAPLY AS POSSIBLE

During the winter the brood sows
should be maintained as cheaply as
possible, but at the same time they
must be properly fed in order to far
row a large number of healthy, we'll
grown pigs in the spring. Best re-
suits are obtained when sufficient
food is given to produce daily gains
On the sows of one-half or three
fourths of a pound. To do this the
grain must be limited and diluted
with some roughage, for unless the
ration has sufficient bulk, the sows
will become constipated and hungry,
due to the undistended condition of
the digestive tract. Legume hays are
the chief roughages available 1T this
season and their use will cheaper the
cost of feeding.
Either alfalfa, clover, soy bean or
cowpea hay makes excellent rough
age, and when fed, little or no high
protein concentrate is needed to bal
ance the corn. Bright, leafy alfalfa
hay gives the best results of any of
these roughages. Alfalfa meal is
simply the best grade of alfalfa hay
chopped into a meal. Glover hay con-
tains almost as much nourishment as
alfalfa hay and soy-bean hay, cut and
cured. when the beans are almost
ripe is a very nutritious feed. Cow
pea hay should be cut when the first
peas are %ripening and consequently
does not have as high food value as
soy-bean hay. Great care must be
exercised in curing soy-bean and cow
pea hay, for the stalks are very heavy
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
C%uttingtheC oalBill

With ordinary coal at $11.00 pei
ton it would be profitable for even
a busy person to take a few moments
to study his furnace and stoves, al
though he may have a cellar full of
the valuable stuff. A bulletin of the
Kansas engineering experiment sta
ton gives some timely advice on the
economical use of fuel. You may be
interested in a few of these hints.
Here they are in tabloid form:
All loose fitting doors and windows
of the house should be repaired.
The furnace or stove should be
fired at regular and frequent inter
walls. Do not force the fire and then
let it die down. That is wasteful.
rooms should be kept at a
temperature of 68 and bed rooms at
so. Sixty-eight is sufficient for
health and comfort if there is a pro-
per amount of humidity in the air. 1t
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
VARIOUS WAYS TO
CLEAN YOUR GRAIN
SHORTAGE OF CARBON BISUL-
PHIDE DEVELOPS PROBLEM
THAT MUST BE MET
Substitute Methods of Control Are
Suggested by Station Entomolo-
gist; Cleaning by Tanning Is Prob
ably the Best Way to Do Away
With WeeviI Menace.

Due to an unusually large demand
for carbon bisulphide for grain fumi-
cation, there is a serious shortage
throughout the country and thus in
many places farmers and grain mon
are unable to get enough to fumigate
their grain Information received
from several chemical houses shows
that they are far behind with their
orders and can promise no deliveries
for several weeks.
Cleaning Is Effective
while fumigation with carbon
bisulphide is the most effective
means of destroying insects ~infesting
grain stored in bins, there are some
other methods of CONTROL" a noted
entom0logist says. "These methods
will help reduce the degree of infesta-
ton and to a considerable extent pre-
vent the serious injury that is almost
to take place if the insects are
left undisturbed.
Probably the best and most prac-
teal thing to do is to pass the grain
through q cleaning or tanning ma
This will remove, not only a
large number of the adult weevils,
but also the infested kernels that
contain the immature forms of the
weevils. All of the weeyils and in
tested grain removed should be burn
ed.
Simply Moving Grain Helps
"Where the grain is stored in
bins or tanks, the mere moving |
Or shifting of the grain will help ma
This method could be used
at elevators where machinery is
available for shifting the grain.
Some have suggested sulphur flu
nigation. This should not be used,
because sulphur fumes have a dele !
effect on wheat, both for mill
ng and planting purposes"
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

open the draft for a few moments be-
fore adding fuel. After putting in
the coal leave the draft open for ten
or Is minutes. Then close it and
open the check draft, that is, the
damper on the smoke connection be-
tween the furnace and the chimney.
Heat is lost through cracks around
windows, doors and in walls. Storm
windows and storm doors are effect
i've in preventing losses due to leak
age. Metal weather strips a be
used to advantage for loose fitting
windows and doors. Radiation and
conduction losses are influenced by
building materials, outside and in
side temperatures, exposure-whe-
ther north, south, east or west wall
and wind velocities. A double
glass window will transmit about two
thirds as much heat as a single win
dow.
Watch Your Ventilation
An important factor in the heating
problem is that of ventilation. An
adult requires from 1900 to 1000
cubic feet of fresh air every hour to
maintain healthful conditions. If the
oil 10 QoCu OfCl anu Of6I again DIS
heat carrier it soon becomes unfit
for ventilation unless fresh air is
added from time to time. Fortunate
1y In the average dwelling sufficient
leaks in to cause a complete
change in a room once an hour. This
is generally sufficient. When fresh
cir is admitted through an outside in
take it must be heated to the room
temperature. One change of air per
hour from an outside intake within
the amount of fuel used 10 to
20 PER cent. This shows that the cost
Of heating by means of the hot air
is greater when cold air from
he outside is admitted.
The practice of wetting coal de-
its efficiency as heat must
De used to evaporate the moisture
ind for heating the steam thus form
ID to flue temperature. Wetting may
,e necessary with fine coal.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

requires fully 10 per cent more coal
to maintain a temperature of rs than
it does to keep up a temperature OF
68 degrees.
Keep Fire Pot Filled
The fire pot should be kept well
filled with fuel in cold weather. In
moderate weather a layer of ashes
on the CRATE and below the active fuel
bed will prevent the fuel from burn
ing too rapidly.
The fire of a furnace should burn
evenly over the whole CRATE and
should be kept free from bright
spots. Keep the fuel bed free from
clinkers.
Excessive shaking of CRATES should
be avoided to prevent loss of fuel to
the ash pit.
Ashes should not be allowed to ac-
cumulate in the ash pit. The &C
emulation of ashes below the CRATES
will interfere with the draft and may
result in warping or burning out the
CRATE bars.
Moist Air is Best
Every effort should be made to
humidity the air. Hot, dry air in a
house causes a rapid evaporation of
moisture from the bodies of the oc-
cupants. This produces a feeling of
cold and necessitates a higher tenn
perature to insure comfort. Dry air
also cracks furniture and woodwork.
Registers and radiators should be
kept clean.
Care should be taken in using fine
coal not to lose too much of it to the
ash pit by sitting through the CRATES.
Chimneys should run straight and
without offsets. They should extend
at least two feet above the highest
point of the dwelling. There should
be a SCOT pocket at the bottom
of the chimney so that the accumu-
SCOT can be removed.
System Gets Results
Systematic firing of a furnace is
much more conducive of good results
than just 'filling 'er up" Soft coal
gives off a large amount of gas dur
ing combustion, and, to ignite it, air
be admitted above the fire.
This can be done through the OPEN
.ngs in the fire door or by opening
blast door. This operation should
not be continued more than twenty
minutes. Due to the large amount
If gas given off care should be taken
n firing. The fuel bed should never
De covered completely as this can
an explosion. Instead, the /,
,oal should be heaped on the front 6
art of the fire bed, leaving the back {
Uncovered. When the coal at the :
Jack begins to burn out, live Goals |
rom the front should be pushed to 3
he back part and fresh coal heaped {
n the front. This method not only I
.revents explosions but utilities the q
eat value of the gases which ac- +
emulate over the fuel bed. +
Small sized coal is generally more b
economical than the large lump. c
Semi-anthracite coal gives off less 2
as than soft coal and consequently o
air need be admitted above the s
re. Anthracite or hard coal re- t
uires no air above the fire but it
oes need a strong draft, so that the c.
rate should be kept free of ashes. b
his should be done by shaking the a
rate and not by poking. e
In banking the fire for the nighbtb
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

The puIlet will take care of herself
during the summer, and with the APP
preach of autumn should be pretty
well grown, and should soon be show
ing signs of maturing, such as by a
slight mott and a slight r~eddening of
the face. The comb will often begin
to grow at this time. A mistake fire.
quently made at this stage is the
changing from the growing feed on
the range to an reproducing ration.
Nothing could be worse for the
pullet at this time than a laying ra-
ton. On this ration she will at once
start to develop her reproductive or
gans, and in a comparatively short
time will often begin to lay. These
eggs are often quite small. She lays
a few and then quits, goes into a
mott, and is lost as a steady egg pro-
Queer until late winter or early
spring.
The number of eggs she lays before
melting depends to a large extent on
the condition she is in when she
starts to lay, and also on the kind of
weather prevailing. In a mild and
pleasant fall she may hold on for
quite a while, depending on the ex-
tent she has been bred for egg pro-
duction.
At the time the growing pullet be-
gins to mature, as shown by the
slight mott and reddening about the
head, one should begin to prepare her
for her winters work. Do not let her
start to lay too early. 1t may be that
a few eggs will be sacrificed in the
- a.. F,yg ILA 1000 l. nnn will /
result, and many more of them before
the winter is over, if this bird is pro-
perly prepared in the late summer.
If the pullet is to lay from eight
TO Is eggs a month during the fall
and winter, she must have a surplus
of flesh to fall back on. To lay that
number of eggs is a tremendous
strain, and a bird in a thin or worn
condition cannot stand up under the
AS soon as the real hot weather is
over, start feeding heavy rations of
grains, such as whole or
corn, and wheat. Feed with
the idea of putting a lot of fat on
The pullet. This kind of feeding will
hold back egg production, but don't
think that a fat hen or a fat pullet
cannot lay, because they can. They
will lay better and longer than a
can hen, as soon as you take them
,ff the f~attening feeds and give them t
In reproducing ration. t
When the pullets are nice and /
after three weeks to six weeks t
# a fattening ration, and when you e
re ready for the eggs to come, l
rradually cut down on the scratch 1
eed. If the pullets are still on the
ange, you can reduce this to from s O
o 10 poundcs per day per 100 birds.
t is absolutely necessary at this time f
hat these birds have access to all V
hey will eat of a good, dry mash in Il
which there is from Is to 20 per cent L
scrap. If the birds are at all t.
red for production, they should 6
how a pretty steady fall and winter h
ay. p
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

and s%ucculent and unless thoroughly
dried are apt to mold. Under no
condition should a brood SOW be fed
upon any roughage which is not
bright, nutritious and free from
or mold. She does not relish
or thrive on such feed. 1t is very apt
to cause evere digestive troubles and
may lead to the loss of her litter.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
MAKE PRODUCERS
OF YOUR PULLETS
KEEP AWAY FROM EGG PRODUC
ING RATION UNTIL BIRD is
WE'LL GROWN

send Her Into the Winter With a Sur
plus of Flesh, Which viii Hold
Back Premature Production and
Conserve Strength; Care in Feed
ing.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-02-26

reunion they decided to take bath
and they stripped off their clothes.
When they had stripped naked the two
Russians stood there looking at each
other. "Berkowitz," said one Of them
to the other, "you're dirtier than l
am" eyes," replied Berkowitz- II
ought to be; Pm three years older
than you are"
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-02-26

WE do not blame Mr.. Hoover for his
" tacit declination to affiliate him
self with either Of the leading politi-
cal parties. We have heard "hard
stories" on both Of them. But the
next president Of the United States
viii be selected by men who believe
in the fetch of party, "a vAom the
party spirit r,ns high ard who viii
owe their presence in the respective
conventions TO the political party
which they wish TO keep alive and
cherish
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-02-26
Periodic Billions attacks.

Persons subject to periodic bilious
attacks will observe that their appe-
tite fails them just before an attack.
That is, they do not really crave food
but eat because it is meal time. If
they will eat only light meal and
no meat, then take two of Chamber
lain's Tablets the attack may be
avoided.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-02-26
NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS
CURRENT COMMENT.

THE report from Warrington that
: farmsrr' organisations will not
join the American Federation Of
Labor In it, political movement to
elect TO congress only friends OF
trades unions IL not surprising. No
member of congress elected and pledg-
"a TO represent : single class could be
Fit TO serve In the Legislative body Of
such = Republic ~ ours. Every mem
Der Of congress, must. II he be III,
serve N the honest, faithful represent
tatiys Of all, II Is improbable that
any class movement, trades union or
otherwise, could fairly regard any In
tsrest save its own, and even that
would fail TO secure for unionism IL
self any permanent good. Glass con-
sciousness IL already retarding the
return Of the nation and the world TO
normal conditions. and the time has
CONS whom all should realise that no
class II TO have . special privilege
In this country, or any interest that Is
Inconsistent with the general welfare
Of the whole nation. II II entirely
natural that the farmers orRaniza-
tons and the unorganised farmers
should oppose such movements a.
these, not in any sense Of hostility
70 organized labor or 70 any Of It's
Just purposes. but because such move
ments are highly Objectionable both
In the manner Of their operations and
the un-Americanism of their object
ives The fact that any class can
not dominate the American congress
il not something to be indignant
about. but something to be glad OF,
because when the operations OF the
government come under the rule
and tyranny Of class the Republic is
doomed. Neither organized nor un-
organized labor is apt 10 get all It
wants, or even deserve all II wants.
Nor will the farmers, the profession
81 and commercial classes or other
groups Of citizens Most people want
more than they arc entitled to. The
only sane thing for any citizen or
group Of citizens to do IL to present
grievances in the proper way and
submit them 10 fair Investigation and
treatment by intelligent, patriotic and
Just men. The unfortunate part Of
The American Federation political
movement 10 that its logical result
will bs to force all other elements Of
he population into seeming antag-
,nism to organized labor, when such
= not their real attitude, for they
will be only resisting IN attempt to
10. up class government in the Unit
ID States. Wherever an issue like
hat is presented, no partisan affila-
ion whatever should proven, a unit
d opposition to class rule.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-02-26

4l2. He takes care to cut the leaves
in thin slices and distributes it with
the most sparing hand. Is the farm
Or responsible for this form Of prof.
teeringi
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-02-26

A GONIZING shrieks from various
cities obsessed by the fear that
thu census enumsrator will overlook
somebody pierce the atmosphere.
What difference does 1t make? Guam
tity production in humanity n anim-
portant. The important thing is, what
sort ara they?
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-02-26

IT takes about four and ons-hah
: bushels Of wheat to make = barrel
n Nonr. The wheat producer gets
aoUrpxin1atkly x8-3T, the miller col
fpc4s efZ7O, the baker receiver t42.10
onA ths city hotel keeper forces that
tarrA of Nopr or those four and one
IN bu1h1is o. whezt 70 yield him
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-02-26

WILL II. HAYS. chairman Of the
Republican national committee
generally says something when he
talks. Listen to this. "Let us have
the patriotism Of Abraham Lincoln
and Theodore Roosevelt--not a pat
triotism which moves us only when
All enemy is at our gates, but to rea-
Lac what we owe to the country in
which we live, which moves US to
discharge that debt by aiding in every
way we can to make and keep eondi-
tons right in Ameries--and in Amer
lea first"
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-02-26

IDAHO as winter resort, taken one
year with another. il the best state
in the Union. For ne have cold
weather just often enough 20 let US
know what it is. We have enough
snow To feed the streams for sum-
mer's irrigation needs, and always we
have the blessed sunshine. No won
der the Emmett man in heaven wears
al the buttons off his vest hanging
over the battlements looking at home.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1920-02-26
TALES OF TOWN
Can You Answer'

The following poem appeared in
The Prison Mirror, newspaper pub
lished by the inmates of the state
prison at saltwater, MINI:
Where can a man buy cap for his
knee?
Or key to the lock Of his hair!
Can his eyes be called an academy
because there are pupils there1
In the crown Of his head what gems
are found?
Who travels the bridge Of his nose?
Can he use, when shingling the roof
Of hiB house,
The nails from the ends Of his toesf
Can the crook Of his elbow be sent
to jail
II no, what did he do!
How does he sharpen his shoulder
blades!
I'll be hanged if know. do you?
Can he sit in the shade Of the palm Of
his hand?
Or beat on the drum Of his eari
Can the calf Of his leg eat the corn
on his toesi
II go, why not grow corn on the ear!
You can't cut cheese with hammer,
but you can stir up an awful mess.
9 q
The Democratic question now seemE
to be: VIII McAdoo, or won't he dol
q Q Q
II you must be hog, be ground
hog, and then pull the hole in after
you.