Republican farmer., 1920-01-23

to put prohibition into effect. Kansas was second in, 1880 and North Dakota third in 1889. Meanwhile, the move ment had grown to such proportions that a National Prohibibtion party 1 was formed at a convention in Chi cago, September 1, 1869.
 l Women, always in the forefront oi the activity to stop the sale of alco- holic drinks, organized for a concerted fight after the famous Women's Cru. sade, 1873-4. Their association was later to become known throughout the world by the name of the Women'a | Christian Temperance Union, with a little white ribbon.
 | Another powerful Influence in the fight for prohibition came into exist ence in 1893 in the form ion of the | Anti-Saloon league. It is noteworthy that both these organizations had their inception in Ohio.
 The modern wave of prohibition l legislation began with Georgia in 1907. Since that time, the movement gained strength more rapidly than any other reform in the history of l the world. so that 33 states already have prohibition by state action, in
 
 others by legislative measures At the time the constitutional amend ment was submitted, 24 of the 4S states and considerably more than half of the territorial United States had prohibition. In states where pro- hibition was not statewide, it had been adopted under local option laws by many communities.
 In addition tosstate laws, there have vi, adopted by Congress as aids toward winning the war, which gave a tre- mendous impetus to the prohibition movement. Studying the examples of foreign countries, a law was passed making 1t unlawful to provide any man in uniform with alcoholic bever- ages. Making of beer and whiskey was stopped under the food control act and the sale of drinks was ter minated at midnight, last June 30. Shipment of liquor into any states was prohibited by the bone-dry law.
 The constitutional amendment was finally adopted by Congress on De- cemb mber IS, 1917, with a restrictive clause, hitherto unknown in 1egis1a- tive procedure, that it would be in- operative unless ratified within seven years. It required only 3 months The vote in the House was PSI to 128
 
 Submission of the amendment to the states came at a tinie when many legislatures were assembling. Missis- sippi quickly put it's approval on the amendment and was followed in or Ger by Virginia, Kentucky, South Carolina, North Dakota, Maryland Montana, Texas, Delaware, South Da- lSota, Massachusetts, Arizona, Georgia, Louisiana, Florida, Michigan, Ohio Oklahoma, Maine, Tennessee, Illin- ois, Colorado, West Virginia, Idaho California, Indiana, Arkansas, North Carolina, Washington, Alabama, Kan sas, Oregon, Utah, Iowa, New Hamp. shire and Nebras ska, making the re- l quired 36 states, three-fourths of the , union for the amendment to become effective. Nine more states likewise gave their ratification, 45 in all, as l follows: Wyoming, Missouri, Min nesota, Wisconsin. Nevada, New Mex. ico, Vermont, New York and Penn 1 sylvania.
 Acting Secretary of State Frank L. Polk proclaimed the amendment as part of the Constitution under date
 of January 29, 1919, but it goes into effect one year from the date of rati-
 cation by the 36th state. As thai took place on January 16, 1919, the
 amendment is operative, according te the Bureau of Internal Revenue, al midnight of tonight
 To. enforce constitutional proTibi- ton, Congress enacted a bill so dras. , tic that man can be fined or pu in jail for even displaying a picture : of a brewery or a keg. Right to store ! liquor in ones own home for personal use stood up, however, against wig. orous attacks in both Senate anG
 House.
 Alcoholic bevera ges still may bt
 produced for medicinal and sacra . mental uses, and alcohol will continue ! to be made for scientific and indus.
 trial purposes, but many safeguard. are provided that the law shall no , be violated. The home manufacturs
 and consumption of notwithstanding :, cider and fruit juices is permitted by law. In the manufacture of cerea drinks, commonly referred to a:
 near beer" it was provided that other . names shall be used than beer, alt . l or porter.
 Places where intoxicating liquor: r, are sold can be declared a nuisance o and abated as such, and the persons . guilty of maintaining them are pun . ishable under the criminal section: a l of the enforcement law. Punish