Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-06-08

OF diplomats the working out of any
salvation Of the world from the things
this In behalf of an alliance whose
representatives will all be diplomats
and politicians They will all act in
behalf of the interests of their re-
spective countries and they win have
nothing judicial about them. Strip
the league of every clause which in
wolves the action of political repre-
sentatives in the assembly and the
council and you leave but one article
in which the diplomats of the league
as such will have no power.
That is the famous article 10. Most
by Gen. SHUTS of South Africa, but
article 10 was the work of the Presi-
dent of the United States. It is true
this article is free from diplomats.
but it rests entirely upon naked
force. In that way peace is to be
war by multiplying the opportunities
for the use of force. Each individual
nation is bound by article 10 to go
to war for the protection of the ter
rttorial integrity and the political
independence of every. other nation
ture-that is, for the protection of
states some of which are not yet
determined or established, for the
protection of boundaries which no
man can define. We were to give
such a guarantee and any of the
countries in the league in the event
of exterior aggression could have de-
manded our armed assistance, and
our soldiers and sailors must then
have gone forth at the command of
foreign countries unless we shat
tered all hope Of world peace by
The republicans Of the Senate. no
matter what their future fate might
be, were determined that the COW
enant containing that article un-
modified should never be ratified. 1t
became every day clearer to them
nations, instead Of being guaran-
tee for the worlds peace. was
breeder of war and an enemy of
peace. AS We studied it-and ma
jority of senator's desired to have
some league. if possible, which should
be a genuine league of peace-we
found that it dragged us not only
into every dispute and every war in
Europe and in the rest of the world.
but that our soldiers and sailors
might be forced to give their lives
in quarrels not their own at the bid
ding of foreign governments.
Left to Decision Of League.
1t also appeared that our domestic
questions. like immigration, could be
interfered with; that the interpreta-
ton Of the Monroe doctrine was to
be left to the decision Of the league;
that we were to be made partici-
pants in the outrageous disposition
of Shantung, which robbed a'friendly
nation and gave the proceeds OF the
robbery to her worst enemy. and
that finally we were to have in the
assembly Of the league only one
vote to Great >Britain's six. These
provisions were all intolerable. Res
ervations were adopted which re-
der article 10: which took all our do
nestle questions completely out of
the jurisdiction Of the league; which
once and for all placed the Monroe
doctrine beyond any interference by
Europe or any foreign power. and
which refused our assent to the cruel
wrong of Shantung.
We also made it impossible to sub
ject the United States to the proposed
inequality in voting power. for we
profoundly believed that the United
States must never take part in any
was not equal to that of any other
power represented. Some of us were
deeply convinced that there ought
to be no league at all and that abso-
Lutte safety could be obtained in no
other way; others of us, more numer-
Gus. believed that the reservations I
have described would protect the
United States against the perils of
the covenant if we Joined the league.
We were all firmly united in our de-
termination that the league as sub
mitted by Mr.. Wilson must never pass.
We were also agreed that Mr.. Will
sons league with what he called
"interpretative reservations" or with
anything those obedient to him ap-
proved, was just as bad, just as men
acing as the original. Twice we Of
fered the President and his most
faithful supporters an opportunity to
ratify the treaty with reservations.
Twice his followers. obedient to his