davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
IRISH VOTE OF
BAY STATE To-
BEAT GOV. cox
Belief That League Of Ma
tions IL British Product
Kills Governors Hope
By DAVID LAWRENCE.
Especial to The ArgusO

Boston. Mass. Oct. 14.-Throat
trouble has been an unfortunate
handicap to many a campaign
speaker, but none seems to have
developed Z case exactly like that
of Senator David Walsh of Massa-
chusetts. He didn't become speech
less, as is generally the case, by
addressing open air meetings. No,
he grew inarticulate when he read
that Governor Cox of Ohio has en-
braced the League Of Nations in
the lWilsonian sense after the mem
torAble meeting at the White House.
The senator engineered the Mas
sachusetts delegation at the Demo-
cratic national convention and help
ed nominate Cox; shortly after
wards he went to Dayton and after
a long talk with the nominee ex-
pressed the view that the governor
was all right on the league issue
But the visit to the White House
and the subsequent speeches by
Governor Cox made it difficult for
Senator Walsh to follow the new
standard bearer of the party with
out jeopardizing his position in the
Democracy of Massachusetts,, which
Is nfne-tenths of Irish birth or de-
scent and believes that the League
Of Nations is a British product and
that even if article 10 were cu1
out 1t would still be of benefit t.
Great Britain. Indeed, the basic
objection of the Irish to the leagu.
Is that it associates the United
States with England and If tn.
Irish had their way there woult
not be any dealing with Britain
diplomatic or otherwise, until th'
Irish republic were recognized.
Walsh Has sThroat Trouble
So Senator Walsh developed ,
case Of throat trouble and has no
been heard from in the nationa
campaign since his trip to Dayton
Ohio And the Democratic party !,
Massachusetts has gone over al
most wholly to the Republican
camp and will vote for Senate
Harding for president. Naturall,
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
BURGLARS SLUG
iowa SURGEON
DR.. Mccarthy Escapes by Jumping
From Second Story of Blaz.
ing Home.

Des MQines. Iowa, Oct. 14.-Slug-
ged unconscious by burglars who
ransacked and then set fire to his
palatial home here, DR.. Wilton Nc
Carthy, prominent surgeon, aroused
from his stupor by the crackle OF
flames. escaped by jumping from
the second story Of the blazing res
idence about 9:15 last night.
There is no clue to identify the
assailants, police believing the
bandits, TO make sure Of complete
destruction set fire to the house in
three places. The damage was esti.
mated at between $4,000 and $20,'
900.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
FORGING CHAIN
FOR WANDERER
State Adduces Evidence Against
Alleged Chicago Wife Mur.
derer.

Chicago, Oct. 14.-The state to-
day began forging the chain Of evil
dence expected to prove that Carl
o. Wanderer, former army officer,
had possession of the gun with
which he claimed ragged strang-
er" killed Mrs. Wanderer in an al
legged holdup last July.
Wanderer later confessed to DO.
lice that he had hired the 'pool
bum" to stage q fake holdup, and
then had killed him, Mrs. Wander.
err and her unborn child because
he wanted to be free from martha
bonds and reenter the army.
Peter H. Hoffman. called as a
witness today, testified that the gun
BAD been sold by him to Fred Wan
derer, a cousin Of Carl, three years
ago. Fred Wanderer, to be called
later. is expected to repeat a state
ment he made to police that Carl
had borrowed" the gun from him
the night before the shooting.
Beat Head on Floor.
J. Williams, a resident in the
apartment house where the Wan
derers lived. testified that he heard
the shots. and when he reached
the scene Wanderer was kneeling
over the unconscious stranger
beating his head on the cement
floor.
Policemen called by Williams
testified that the victim was sc
badly tbeaten he died without max.
ing a statement.
Mrs. Eugenia Johnson, mother.
in-law Of Wanderer. who yesterda,
told the jury Of her daughters mar
ried life and death, was an atten
tive spectator in court today.
The state announced at the morn
ing session that Miss Julia Schmidt
a l6-year-old girl, would be called
tomorrow to testify that Wanderel
had courted her following his mar
riage and had posed as a singh
man. She also made a statemen
tina { Wanderer had sought he
company again within a week afte
his wife's death.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
SOCIETY WOMAN
/ DIES IN PARIS

New York. Oct. l4.-word was
received here last night Of tAe
death in Paris Tuesday Of Mrs. Og-
den Mills. for many years prom
inent In society in New York, New
port and Paris. Her death resulted
from heart disease following . re-
cent Illness from lpleurisy.
Besides her husband, she u sur
yived BY one son, former Senator
0gden L. Mills, and two daugAters,
Lady Granard OF London. England
| and Mrs. Henry Carnegie Phippe
" SeW 1oEk ~ -
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
SllDER FALLS THROUGH
SgyL|CHT AND IS HURLED
10 DEATH At SILvIS SHOP
Isrsnce Ross, Tinsnith
Hslper, Killed in Co.
Foot Fall.
rsvrsnce Larry" Ross. aged Fl

y.v,,nce Larry" Ross, aged Il
81 1926 -fourth-and-a-
4 erect, this city, was fatally in
~ Il $3.50 this morning when he
I'm through the sky-light to the
~ below distance of IS feet. in
| ~ Il the luildings at the Rock Is
INA shops in Silvis. Ross was
sirfed up by fellow workers. He
- rushed to the Moline city hos
sital but in the 40 minutes which
slapsed before he reached there his
condition became worse. He died
hfore The ambulance reached the
|city institution.
Ross had been working as a tin
nth helper at the Rock Island
shcps for the last year and a halt.
| Ne vas working on the, roof of the
machine shop this morning, when
Il fell through the skylight. AS he
Fyoeked alone, no one was able to
- whether he slipped on the wet
~ and fell into the glass or
kshdhsr he accidentally stepped
~ into the window.
Fell Directly to Floor.
BIZ fell to the floor below, his
ttciy striking nothing in the fall
Al x-ray picture taken at the hos
| pital revealed that he suffered a
/ itsctured arm and internal injuries
An inquest over the body will be
| held at 10 o'clock tomorrow morn.
Ing at the Knox mortuary in this
city, where the body was taken
Coroner John Maberfy will con.
duct The inquest.
Boss was a young man who .haC
lived in the city but few years
He Is survived by his wife, Mrs
Nette Ross, his parents in Kansas
City, and his parents-in-law, with
whom be made his home.
10 one else was injured by thu
falling glass. Fellow workers OF
The floor below had heard no CT!
from Ross and did not know tia
nythins was happening until th'
Trash came.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
DRIVE on KARSA.

Warrington. Oct. IA. - Turkish
armies operating toward Oiti, Bar
dus and Karakurt, have started a
drive on Karsa after crossing into
Armenian territory In force. accord
ing to advices reaching the state
department through oficial chan
nels.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
SAVES NEGRESS
FROM GALL0WS
President Wilson Intefvenes and
Gives Murderess Life Sen.
tence,

Washington. Oct. 14.-Pres'dert
Wilson intervensd today to save
from the gallows Josephine Perry.
3 young Snegress. who was under
sentence to be hanged here tomor-
row for the murder OF another me-
gro woman. Her sentence vas
commuted to life imprisonment
No woman has been hanged IN
the Distric. Of Columbia since the
execution Of Mrs. Surratt, in con-
nection with the Lincoln assass.n-
alton.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
DENOuNCES
REPR.ISALS
IN IRELAND
Lord Robert Cecile Joins
viscount Grey in De-
mand for Judgment.

LONDON, Oct. 13.-Denunciation Of
the governments Irish policy by the
liberal forces Of the country repre-
sented by the recent statements of
viscount Grey. former Premier As
quith and Viscount Morley, seems
likely to grow into a formidable
movement.
The latest recruit is Lord Robert
Cecile, one of the most respected Of
the unionist leaders, who has join
ed Viscount Grey in a letter to the
press calling for an investigation
by a constitutional tribunal as to
whether the government is respon-
sible for the yeprisals.
The letter begins by referring to
Premier Lloyd Georges Carnarvon
speech as assuming that the repri-
sails have been confined to the
shooting by police of those reason
ably suspected of an intention to
attack them or who had been in
controvertibly guilty OF the murder
of their fellows. 1t proceeds:
! THAT is q very incomplete ac-
count of the reprisals as reported
in the press. 1t is alleged on ap-
! parently overwhelming evidence
that the armed forces Of the crown
have for months past systemati-
cally burned or destroyed buildings
or other property in towns. villages
and on farms in Ireland; that they
have fired rifles and thrown bombs
at random, killing and woundine
the inhabitants and driven women
and children Of all ages and in all
conditions Of health in terror to the
fields.and mountains.
Not Confined to Guilty.
''These acts undoubtedly wer,
committed in fs<atse fer horrible
putrages perpetrated in the dis
tricts concerned. but they have no
been confined to the individuals
who have been guilty OF such out
RACES. On the contrary. the vic
ltims have included protestants and
un:onists who used to be the bitter
opponents of the Sim Fein.
at is further alleged that tn,
policy which produced these re-
suits was sanctioned by the minis
ters of the crown, including thu
lprime minister himself. These art
grave charges and require full
open and immediate investigation
by constitutional tribunal"
Will End Terrorism.
Dublin. Oct 14.-United Press)
"A constabulary large enough tc
crush any disturbing force in Ire
land was promised today by Sir Ha.
mar Greenwood, chief secretary fol
Greenwood said a system<of spe
cial constabulary similar to that IN
England will be established undel
the control of the royal Irish con
stabulary.
/. The force will be increased by a!
many thousands as are deemed nee
essary to end terrorism and murder
he said.
! Expects Release.
/ Cork. Ireland, Oct ia lettel
was received today by Mrs. Thoma,
Griffin, wife of a wardon of Corl
Jail. who was kidnapped while OF
his way home last Sunday after
noon. saying that Griffin, was bein,
we'll treated by his captors and tina
he expected to be released in fev
days.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
'PRELATES MAKE
|. DR.. COOK BISHOP

~
n Baltimore, Md, Oct. 14.-CUnited
,,sss)-The Rev. DR.. Philip Cook
80 .s consecrated bishop of Della
r e mere today in the Protestant
~ .ssssopal Church Of St. Michael
~ ~. All Angel. Of which he has been
rs.' s.or' bishop Daniel S. Tuttle Of
4. ,k'vur!' u' thespresiding bishop Of
Ma ~ sIo'estant Episcopal Church,
I.p IGp John Gardner Murray OF
p.sland and Bishop Frederick F.
er.,s VI Georgia were the conse-
\ Sus, W. The ceremony was attend
~ y : large number of\ prelates
Ei,.als alsnitaries of the Protestant
.sucepal church.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
NcL AND FACES GREAT COAL STRIKE
TWO MURDERERS
STRETCH HEMP IN
CHICAGO TODAY
Frank Zasar to Swing
Tomorrow-1O Out of
Is Reprieved.

Chicago, Oct. 14.-Frank Cam
phone. convicted of Implication
in the, robbery and murder Of . local
saloonkeeper, and James H. Reese,
negro, who confessed having killed
his wife with a hatchet, were hung
early this morning.
Chicago. Octe 14.-Reprieves or
stays of execution for all but three
Of the 13 men who had been SEN
fenced to hang here today have
been granted by the state pardon
board and today frank Campione
and James Henry Reese. negro,
awaited the galiows. Frank Zagar
is under sentence to hang tomor-
row. Campione was convicted OF
being a member of the Cardinella
gang which murdered a saloon
keeper during a robbery, and Reese
was found guilty of killing his wife
with a ha.chet. Zagar will be hung
for the killing of two Greeks. Ell.
forts to have him adjudged insane
proved futile.
Chief Of Police Garrity, in dis.
cussing the reprieves for 10 of the
convicted men, issued the following
statement:
THE fact that all but three OF I;
murderers have slipped their neci
from the moose is an invitation te
the gunner to go back ITO theil
profession.
"In my opinion the reduction IL
murders this year. recently mad,
the subject Of report by the Chi
cago crime commission, is in par
at least the result Of the 13 hang
ing sentenced, which served al
warnings to the gunmen.
when the gunner, who ar
watching these cases carefully, not,
! the final result of the sentences
they may be expected to smile a
| the law and begin numbering
again."
Feign Insanity.
Chicago, Oct. 14.-(United Press.
| Two men sentenced to be hanget
today for murder, fought by trick
and device to avoid the trip to tn
! gallows.
Embittered because they witt
one other one we're the only one
out of IL condemned men who di,
mot receive stay. repfieve, o
Communication, the two men toda
! feigned insanity, blindness and de
| nounced fate.
Frank Campione, Italian, con
victed Of numbering an allege
holdup victim, shut his eyes an
said he had lost his sight. H
raved and paced the death cell lik
a maniac. Physicians said he wa
taking insanity. Jacob Henr
Reese, negro, convicted Of slayin
his wife, alternately prayed, erie
and shouted. Reese appeared to b
terrOr-stricken.
: Arthur E. Haensel, war veteran
who was to have died today TO
the alleged murder of his wife, wo
a last minute reprieve. His cas-
will be reviewed.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
ORDERS LIQUIDATION.

Said,,,aM s aMoines, Iowa. Oct. LII
chssst OF the assets Of the Asso-
rss,so.r racking company among
lersS and stockholders was or
:6li !, ,'oday BY. Judge E. M Nc
eaus,s Nevada. sitting in the Polk
- A.. Sistrict court to determine
afe Of the company.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
COxENDoRSED
BY OHIO LABOR

Dayton. Ohio. Oct. 1.-THE Ohio
State Federation of Labor in ses-
sion here today. endorsed Governor
James II. Cox. the Democratic can
didate for president. Among other
resolutions adopted were one op-
posing the Kansas industrial court
plan and one favoring Irish free
dom.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
tlEAcUE DAY"
] FOR VIRGINIA

,rnae naaeenmond. Va. Oct. 14.-Gov-
n ~ -. Jaws today issued an appeal
s,isa - people Of Virginia to set
a NJ. sunday. Oct. "A, as League
i. ,.aons ,.s Day" for the study Of
=, sue covenant" SO that they
~ upon such an important sub
rios,.1 1 with intelligence and pa
~ san 1t was understood that
Rs sosernor issued his appeal at
urs'' 'sTSuest Tst OF the LeagIe OF Ma
- uay committee.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
THOUSANDS
Of MINERS
.ss;;ss::ss::sss
LEAVE PITS
Industrial Crisis Looms
Men Bitter Against
Government. -

London, Oct. 1.-THE coal MIN
ers' delegates at . meeting this
morning in connection with tho
crisis resulting from the miners
rejection Of the owners wage pro-
posals decided that the notices OF .
strike, given some time ago. should
expire Saturday.
This means that the long threat
ened coal mining strike will begin
next Monday unless there Is some
new Intervention to prevent 1t.
The oiiicial figure Of the ballot
taken by the miners to decide upon
acceptance or rejection Of the basic
line Of production offered BY the
owners beyond which an increase
Of wages would be granted. was CIV.
en- out today as follows: 50.
For acceptance. 181.42S. .i5-
Against acceptance. 635.09S.
1t was decided to send the result
of the ballot and the conference's
decision to Premier Lloyd George.
London, Oct 1.-THE miners
conference adjourned at mid-after-
noon without receiving any CON-
munication from the government
The delegates will meet again to-
morrow to make final arrangements
for the. strike.
The triple alliance-the railway
men, transport workers and min
! ers-probably will meet Immediate
ly and 1t is expected either the al
lance or some other trade union
. will make efforts to set up media
ton machinery.
! The action OF the miners came %
a great surprise, as it was gener-
ally anticipated that they would
again suspend the strike notices.
| Facing Crisis.
The United Kingdom today was
faced with perhaps the most omin.
GUS Industrial crisis in its history.
due to the decision of the coal min.
ers to allow the strike notices to
become effective Saturday night.
following their rejection OF the COM
promise offered to their demand
for a two-shilling per shift increase
in wages.
1t seemed certain that unless the
government or the mine owners
conceded the demands Of the men
or made fresh and attractive offers.
more than 100000 MIXERS would not
return to the pits Monday, thereby
throwing hundreds Of thousands OF
| workers in other industries out OF
work and causing critical situ-
alton in the economic life OF the
country.
Ohicial returns from the Nation
al Miners ballot concerning the
datum line proposal Of the owners
showed an overwhelming majority
in favor OF rejection.
No sooner had news Of the de-
cision Of the miners been recetHed
in the great steel district OF Cisve-
land, Yorkshire, than the iron and
steel manufacturers there -bA8Au
preparations for closing the works
1t is expected that IL the strike ma.
terializes most OF the blast and
steel furnaces will become idle i'm
mediately.
| The government, while sayinl
little, for weeks has been activel!
preparing to handle the situation
in event Of strike being called.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
)REkChER WILL
DIVORCE WIFE
Baptist Minister at Lowell, Mich,
Says Spouse ls
"Gossipy." u

Grand Rapids. Mich, Oct. a.
United Press s)-The Rev. Vincent
Y, Webb. pastor of the Lowell.
Aich, Baptist church, has started
sult Tor divorce against Hazel H.
Webb.
ne charges she is too gossipy,
'o'o lalse stories about him to his
congregation and caused him to re-
Gsn his pastorate at Alto. When
sne resumed her stories at Lowell
ueuerided. to get divorce, Webb
N'o. They have three children.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
POLICE FOLLOW
DYNAMITE CLUE

New YcFk. Oct 1l.-Members Of
the bomb squad left today In . po-
lice boat to investigate . report at
headquarters that 500 sticks Of
dynamite had been found ON . small
island near Mariners harbor. Sta
] ten ISland.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
BURGLARS BLOW
newark VAULT
Contents Of IS Safe Deposit Boxes
Are Secured By
Thieves.

Aurora, Ill. Oct. 14.-Robbers
early this morning broke into the
Farmers State Bank at Newark, ILL.,,
blew of the vault door and carried
away the contents of Is safety de-
post boxes.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
INACCURATE PRESIDENT,

Ann Arbor, Mich. Oct. 1l-Dr.
Marion Leroy Burton, former presi-
dent Of the University OF Minne-
sofa. was inaugurated president Of
the University Of Michigan today. +,
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14

Rive. Forecast
Nearly stationary stages In the
Mississippi will continue from be-
low DUBUQUE to Muscatine unless
heavy rains occur.
N. SHEklER. Meeeorologist
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
THE WEATHER

Probably showers tonight and
Friday. Cooler.
Highest yesterday, 81; lowest last
night. 81.
Wind velocity at Z q. m. 10 miles
per hour.
Precipitation. none.
- l3m. 7p.m. Tan
yester. yester. todas
Dry bulb .....S0 IS ST
Wet bulb ......64 81 81
Rel. humidity a ~ IS
River stage. 2 feet. no change. IN
last ~ hours.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14

Continued on Page Five.)
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
Heuston's Position.

Secretary Houston reiterated to-
day to representatives of agricul-
tural interest in conference here
that tho treasury would not be a
party to the withholding Of any
commodity from the market in o.
der to maintain artificially high
prices.
Spokesmen for the delegation
we're frank in their criticism OF
Mr.. Houston's .recent statement
that prices had begun to recede,
but the secretary told them as
frankly that his statement prop
efly represented conditions.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-14
Rive. Forecast.

1sAvcK otu6Sp ~SSss
ast - hours.
The Marietta journal. (Marietta, Ga.) 1918-1944, 1920-05-28
we are Sending PRICES i'm our Great Ninth Ami
Versary SALE which is now going on!
we have done Everything In Our Power to HELM
Reduce the High Cost OF Living by reductions on

Saturday the Half-Price Sale opened Of course
many OF the hats Sold But those left are winsome
and becoming.
In the Sale Hats for practically every occasion
hats Tor dressup wear for with summery cotton
price! - = f
IL you are planning to have another summer Hat or
two you'll find it extremely worth while 70 attend this
Sale.
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1920-03-12
FILIPINAS GET 7
BALLOT BEFORE
AMER. SISTERS
Sonora de veyra Describes
Status Of Women In the
Philippines.

The Filipino woman IL destined to
be In the worlds spotlight more than
ever before as q result Of the news just
received by cable from Manila to the
effect that the Philippine senate has
passed the equal suffrage bill giving
women full political rights with men.
This would indicate that the Filipino
may beat her American sisters to the
ballot box.
The Filipino has many admirers who
predict she will make good II she gets
the vote. just rs she has made good In
the very important role she has oc.
cupied in the family and business life
Of the Philippines ever since the In.
PRODUCTION of Christianity In the -
lands three centuries ago.
Americas advent In the Philippines
discovered q wonderfully interesting.
responsive little being. the Filipino wo-
man." writes one American concerning
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1920-03-12
Red Sandstone.

Colorado Is full OF wonderful red
sandstone rocks. They are lined and
grooved and stlppled over with fine
dots; they are worn and followed and
curved into innumerabie grotesque
shapes; from the tiny stone which you
can hold in your hand to the sharp
colossal wall. hundreds of feet high.
which no man can climb. there IL not
an inch which does not look as II for
millions Of years II had been worked
by tools. Yet no hand, no tool. has
been there. Grains Of sand have done
It sll--grslns Of sand blowing and
eddying In wind currents. - Helen
Hunt Jackson.
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1920-03-12
NOT IMPRESSED BY SPHINX
Modern Reporter Refuses TO See Any.
thing Wonderful In the Lady's
Appearance.

Admitting that "a mouth ~ feet
wide is not a rosebud, nor an ear Az
feet high a seasheli," a modern re-
porter In Egypt Is impressed by the
fact that the Sphinx does not seem
nearly SO impressive as he had ex'
pected. After all. the creature IL only
$50 feet long and Its face only II feet
widel Perhaps the environment made
difference. for the Sphinx, as she
today rests In the sands OF the desert,
has a very different stage setting from
that Of few years ago. The black
tents OF the Bed0uin have gone, and
their place taken by the white and
north and west OF the Pyramids. Troll
ley cars run to within some hundred
yards OF the Sphinx. and automobiles
travel the motoring road To the base
of the Great Pyramid: from the apex
OF the Pyramid of Cheops four long
ratus stretch down to the ground. For
short time during the troubles In
Egypt the nelghborho0d OF the Sphinx
saw a reverslon to lawlessness, and
Bedouins only the other day swOoped
In from the desert and attacked a par
ty OF sightseeing British at the Pyra-
mids. Dwaffed by the Pyramids, the
latest visitor who has recorded his
impression found the Sphinx "disap-
pointing" and decided that so far
from having cryptic expression"
her stone countenance has no express
sion characterization Science
Monitor.