davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-07-09
NEW REVOLT IN MEXICO
FORESEEN BY BON|L[AS
Predicts Conflict of Irreconcilables
in New Govern
ment.
By the Associated Press.


A conflict of irreconcilable elements
that make up the present regime in
Mexico is certain to break out in the
near future, Ignacio Bonillas, former
Mexican ambassador to the United
States. declared here yesterday in
discussing Mexican affairs and the
recent revolution.
candidate for the presidency. was
with President Carranza during the
flight from Mexico City and narrowly
escaped with his life after his chief
had been killed. He arrived in Wash
ington several days ago to await the
return of Mrs. Bonillas from Italy,
where she has been visiting their
daughter.
Masses Tired OF War.
1.-THE great mass of people of Mex
leo are tired of revolution and of
military rule" the former ambassa-
dor said. "They greatly desire peace
and a government of civilians, with
the army solely as the supporter and
guarantee of orderly civil govern
ment, as other modern nations do.
The Obregon coup was purely mill
tary. Obregon himself knew that the
people were overwhelmingly in favor
of a civilian as president. and he
tried to win this support by putting
aside his military rank.
'aThe present regime in Mexico Is
made up of heterogeneous elements
that cannot be reconciled for long.
The prompt elimination of Gen. Pablo
Gonzales by the Obregonistas after
they had used him to precipitate the
coup that ended in the killing of the
president is an indication of what will
come.
Bandits Expected to Break.
All the bandits who made trouble
under the CarranZa administration
Joined forces with Obregon. and it is
too soon for them all to break away
But they will. and the beginning has
come with the frequent small out
breaks in various parts of the coun-
try. The Pabilistas followers Of
Cen. Pablo Gonzales) are already
erumbling at the elimination of their
chief"
gon was a strong man he was not
Strong enough to hold power in Mex
leo during a protracted period of re-
construction"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-07-09
j. S, MARINE POLICY
ATTACKED BY BELGIAN

GENOA. July (by the Associated
Press).-A vigorous attack against
the American marine policy was
made by Emile Deckers. Belgian ship
session of the international seamen's
conference. He charged unfair methods
on the part of America, which, he
declared. would "paralyze the work of
the conference"
NJ Deckers read letter said to
countries by Silas Blake Axtell of
New York, attorney for the Seamen's
Union of North America. This letter
purported to be an appeal to seamen
to join the American merchan ma
rine. offering both moral and pecun-
larry inducements.
Let the country that made sea-
men free be your country" the let
ter said. Garry the Stars and Stripes
into every port of the world on ships
manned by brave crews of Ameri-
cans"
NJ Deckers declared similar appeals
had been sent Belgian soldiers who
are being demobilized, and he also re-
ferred. among other things. to vari-
Gus addresses by United States Sem
ator Wesley L. Jones in defense of the
American marine act. He said that
Senator Jones had demanded preferen-
tial railroad rates for American ex-
port shipping, declaring: I'VE are
entering no Sunday school picnic in
seeking our part Of the world carry
ing trade"
The speaker declared America de-
sired to appear capable o. giving a
millennium to the world" and added:
isn't 1t preoonceived. plan to
destroy tho European merchant ma
rine. especially that Of small ooun-
something to protect ourselves against
these att ampts from America :"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-07-09
MEXICO WILL LIFT
| OIL RESTRICTIONS
Carranza DEGREES "Prejudic-
ing Prior Rights of Petro-
Ieum" to Be Abrogated.

MEXICO CITY. July (by the Asso-
ciated Press) Article 81 of the Next
can constitution, which nationalizes
petroleum deposits, will be sustained
theoretically. but all DEGREES issued by
former President CarranZa prejudicing
prior rights OF petroleum owners will be
abrogated by a presidential decree to
be issued shortly. Provisional President
Adolfo de la Huerta made this state
ment while conversing with foreign cor
respondents here last night
Oil men will be given the right to pre-
empt petroleum claims within five years.
but once redemption is made. they will
have an indefinite time within which
to drill the provisional president said
He made it clear these were his present
views: which might possibly, but not
probably. be changed after comforting
with the secretary of industry. COM
merce and labor and after hearing law
yers for oil interests and his own at
torneys in joint debate on the sub
ject.
Defines His Position.
while the nation will tell oil men
that 1t owns the petrole I'm in the sub
soil" he said, what difference will it
make when the government cedes to
operators the right to extract this oil
ana dispose of it at their pleasure? 1t
Is merely question of name The sub
stantlal rights of owners will be safe
e 80. NSN' he HdlloIi owns all minerals
IN the soil, but mine owners do not feel
their rights are jeopardized, since they
are permitted to sell the products to
Wnlch the nation has nominal title The
same Is true OF petroleum when the ma
tion cedes its claims to the subsoil to
the owner of the surface"
The projected decree will protect
the prior owners by forbidding out
siderS pre-empting the formers prop
erty. and. further, all such previous
actions by outsiders interfering with
prior rights will be abrogated. said
the provisional president He declared
ne would present legislation to this
effect to the new congress when it
meets in September After that the
matter will be in the hands of the
legislators.
Talks With Correspondents
The provisional president received
eight North American and British
correspondents at Chapultepec castle
and spoke informally with them from
his sick bed. 1t was the first inter
view he has given to the press since
during a banquet to foreign CORE
spondents he was taken i'll while Civ
ing a dramatic recital of his break
with CarranZa-
Discussing a Washington dispatch
of July Z. which stated petroleum in
terests were dealing with the same
subofficials who attempted to con-
fiscate property under the CarranZa
regime, the provisional president de-
clared the new government was in
the position of a steamer in strange
waters securing pilots with expe-
rience. He declared the government
would accept the opinions of these
subotf1cials when they were within
the law, but would not allow former
Carranza officials nor new incumbents
to influence his action illegally.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-07-09
MEXICAN OIL OUTPUT
LEADS WHOLE WORLD
Estimates Place Exports for 1920
at 135,000,000
Barrels.

MEXICO CITY, July (by the Asso-
ciated Press).-Mexico will export
during 1920 between 130,00O.000 and
1875 100000 barrels of gilmore than
all the rest of the world, including
the United States-according to esti-
mates made by George Blardone,
Tampico oil statistician.
He bases his figures upon the rec
ord-breaking production of oil in this
country for the first five months of
1920, when, he says, exports were as
617,167 barrels, compared with u.s.
235,039 barrels during the same period
of 1919. Exports for May alone are
given at 12.520,568 barrels, which is
nearly double the shipments for May,
1919, and sets the world record for
one months production.
The estimate for 1920 of $4,000, 900
barrels is approximately 70 per cent
greater than last years production.
Regarding his estimates relative to
shipments in 1920, which he asserts
will be so per cent greater than in
1919. Blardone says about 100,00O,000
barrels will go to the United States.
The three leading exporting COM
panies for May. 1920, were the Huas-
teca, 2,632,4S5 barrels; Aguila, 1885,
942, and the Standard Oil Company
of New Jersey, 1,022.123. The daily
average for May export. it is stated,
was 36s,792 barrels.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-07-09
Why Your
Summer Beverage
Should Be Fully Fermented

Yes, Wiedemann's is fully fer
mented and completely aged,
lust as it always has been.
For we couldn't make Wiede-
mann's as good as it is-and we
couldn't preserve that appetlz-
ing, tantalizing, satisfying bou-
quet without fermentation.
Nor could we, with the same
confidence, offer it to you as a
health drink if it contained even
a little unfermented sugars.
Our process of fermentation
which changes sugars into easily
assimilated dextrin, makes
Wiedemann's a tonic for your
digestive system.
T~ Cronrr XIIrI
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-07-09
MONEY HIDDEN ON SHIPS.
British and American Gold Seized
by officials at Rangoon.

RANGOON. June S.-Several i'm
portant seizures of British and Amer
lean gold have recently been made
here. The money was found secreted
on ships and included amounts of
$4,000, $4,000 and f37, 900.
The business of smuggling has
proved enormously profitable for some
time. but it Is believed that the au-
thorities have at last got the upper
hand.
In this latest seizure the officials
had to call in divers before their
search of a vessel could be COM
pleted.
A big water tank was discovered. on
the side of which was a number of
shelves with sixteen bags of gold on
them. The bags were brought to the
surface and were found to contain
1887 Queen Victoria sovereigns and
6,023 American eagles.
Had the gold been struggled through
there would have been a profit of
about 10000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-07-09

and put on needed flesh by taking tho |
uDiscovery." Now I'm tablet form, 600.
Obtain at your drug store q vial Of |
pheasant Pellets" made MP Of the |
May apple. aloe leaves and 5alap. This |
II the well known pellet made mp |
nearly Afty years ago by DR.. Pierce. |
and which can be had for . quarter |
from almost any npothecary. simply !
nsk for DR.. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-07-09

In one of the large municipalities
of India the native women of all
classes recently joined in a great pub
lie demonstration Of protest against
the discrimination practiced with re-
gard to the education Of girls.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-07-09
IT'S DANGEROUS GROUND that you

. t q N d On-W ! { h q
cough or q cold, and
your blood impure. Out
Of just these conditions
comes Consumption.
You must do some
t h 1 n &. DR.. Pierce's
Golden Medical Dis
c0very cures severe,
lin & ring Coughs,
Bronchial, Throat and
Lung Affections and
every disease that can
be reached through the
blood. Nervous prOstra-
ton and debility are
conquered by 1T. When
you're weak after an
attack Of grip or fever
you will build up
health and strength
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-07-09
s.Angel of Bronx''
Is Sent to Jail for
Robbing Tenants

NEW YORK, July 0.-Mrs.
Alice j. Cavanaugh, formerly OF
the mayors committee ON rent
profiteerfng and known as the
"Rent Angel of the Bronx"
was sentenced to five to
ten years in Auburn state
prison for women for defrnud-
ing tenants of $2,107 intrusted
to her cnre pending litigation.
She was convicted Of grand
larceny in the first degree July
8, after a jury had deliberated
less than thirty minutes.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-11-16
CARELESSkESS MORE
DEADLY THAN WAR
c. w Price, National Safety Ex
pert Proved it in Address Be
fore Chamber of Commerce.

" puc, general uaug,r 81 th"
National safety Council. addressed ne
Chamber nf Commerce lul Chc"n 81 h"
Hotel du Pnut today ou OrgauIzn n
community for safety
-Of th, 2OO0On American boys "h"
wen; acrus- tn sHas aud spent mn"tc"h
months hshuf the Hon he SAID
.'whcn tho final official count wRs made
rcccutlv iu Wasmi Rtuu. 4 Was t"und
that thcr wcr, 37.a4a ut uII boys VII"
v ,rr .lthsr kIll,d Ia battle ~ dlrd rs ~"
results oi Wounds reCcIv,'i ~ battle
,iurlrE I'll lpcta,'u months nf tho war
during thu, same nineteen months,
back here IN peaceful AnrrcH 5000
Inlls=. away from th' ghastly bHsiI go "i
var therc were l26 600 men. women nnd
chtldrcr that were killed ~ the factories.
~ oa the streets ~ IN tn homes aud
~ thc way. there were 81 .Nn killed ont
si,, II industry. and ont of that el.Wn,
1000 ot them Nlr q haUmau were chII-
drcn 81 school ago
dor know how vour mind works.
irn.rdS lut vou might Just as we'll say
.6 ~ me - to SAY i2t.o00 hecaus, my
mind can't vlsuallz, It. but whau ! say %
rnysrIi that ther, Usrc 220 men, women
and children killed by accidcnt u peace
nl America VERY - hours oi that -
months | commence - get the picture
IS | was reading about our poor boy
buried "a .snders. who died IL the midst
~ BATH aud we're buried in the ditChes
with their fest scroSs tho ditch, shoulder
10 shoulder. ii occurred TO mo go figure out
what kInd oi ditch il would take 20
bury the 226.npO who died 10 peaceful
america found Il would take s. ditch =
miles long. and in the bottom of ;hat
ditch. shoulder 10 shoulder, was a side
walk az the dead bodies of the men.
women and children who ware killed n
pcacpful AmerIca during the 70 months oi
The. wa don rccd 10 say 70 any audi
rict Ike this, Or III any audience Of husi-
rese mau. that there nevcr was time n
'hc history 8. thus country WHEN ON
plovers of Labor and s,nous-mlnded citl-
zens Were waking up 50 fast 70 what that
loss meanS not only TO industry hut 10
society
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-11-16
HOOVER AIDING LABOR
ON TECHNICAL MATTERS
Question of Industrial Peace Will
Not be Discussed With Any
Outsider, Says Mine Leader
BY Associated Press to Every Evening

BY Associated Press to Every Evening
Washington, Nov rs Questions OF
industrial peace and related problems were
discussed today st q conference between
leaders Of organized labor and Herbert
Hoover. former federal food administra
tor
MIR Hoover, who cainc 10 the con-
ference Of the executive council OF the
American Federation of Labor at the
request of President Gompers. SAID he had
made the transcontinental trip from San
Francisco TO discuss the whole industrial
and employment situation.
Mr.. Hoover SAID he had no definite
program to offer but they expected TO
advise and discuss with the labor officials
on general conditions
Prior 10 Mr. Hoover arrival. William
Green, secretary oi the United Mire
Workers declared that the council would
not go 10 any person To discuss the sub
lect of industrial peace He said that
MIR. Hoover Ind come for discussion of
technical engineering questions, the ma
ture Of which he did uot disclose
The meeting OF the council was eNecu-
tive
Organized labor program for the COM
ing wear Is heing framed at the meetiF e
of the executive council. Officials Of the
federation attending the sessions, all Of
which urc executive, outline labor re-
construction policy as follows
Repeal of existing laws and opposition
to proposed laws requiring compulsory
arbitration Of industrial disputes
Opposition to laws restricting the right
of workers TO quit work
Enactment Of legislation placing lra~-
tic restrictions upon immigration from
all parts Of the world with the most rigid
control Of that from central and south
eastern Europe
An intensive campaign Of Amer saniza-
ton 10 counteract the influence ot .,nIltical
theories not IN harmony with the prlnei-
pies underlying the government Of the
United States
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-11-16
IUTZ COMPLAINS
OF FIRE HYDRAN1S
Head oi FIRE Department Says
Some Plugs Have Been Found N
Bad Shape Recently

Nl.laiu J utg. chs5 81 III, i,, Do
sr,lnrut ~.Vs som, II th' CITY tire
lvdfants af. NOT IL xpna si:'Is ala (
tfcntiou to The failur, II ~ plug> -
vork 81 the fge 81 the Nllmmgtoa
Gather Company plant THIRD snd
Gto.i.hin avenue. about 20 DAYS agU sud
more recently the conditicu Uhlch the
t,ug. werc found 81 The apartmcft nous
hr, "a Twslfth and Narke; streets. Inst
Indav muruing. and also 'hst n the
hlass n the hascmcti 81 - Newark Shoe
90 seventh and Market streets on sun
dav mormns Chief Lu'z said 'Ihcse
conditions are SERIOUS aud = CO stant
menace g. life a. q property lhcre should
IL = thorough luvestlg lgstlon made ~ reg'l-
lar irtefyals
Chief Engneel Va. Trump 81 rhe
Nstsr pepartmeut SAID 'h!s morning
he did not care ~ make a.N comment
Council requested us to MAKE au InSpcc-
ton Of the fire plug and We have done
~ and vii make a reISrt "a that body
on Thursday night. BE- AID. That report
vii serve as an answer 20 the charges tina
the plugs wer, not n good condition
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-11-16
STORM ENDS HARD|NGS
HOPE FOR TEXAS GOLF
President Receives Governor and
Senator Fall Abandons
Point Isabel Plans
nv As.oc,a,oi rrers i. Fvery Fvenlns

Hy AEanrtats-i Press f,s y very Evening
Hrownsyillc. TcN Nov Is Forced hy
wind AID weather a. abandon hla vacation
IA POINT Isabel. President -elect Harding
turned hls attention to-day tn work that
hns hecn ulins ~ during his week of
ISOLATION
lie hoped ~ Ro out for n game 81 golf
before the day WAS over but first he
cleared away some ~ hls accumulated cor
rcapondencC and did some work on tho
address he ~ to deliver Thursday IN New
Orleans lie alo received his first callers
SINCE he came to 1exas. Governor " z
Hobby, ot this State. and Senator h.
Fall. of Nov Mexico. being among those
with whom ho had engagements.
Governor Hobby came 20 extend form
slly the appreciation of Texas Of MIR
Hardtngs visit and sSenRtor Fall, who waH
chairman of the Senate sub-committee on
Mexican affairs 10 understood 20 haSe dis
cussed border conditions
Senator and Mrs Harding came to
Brow nsvillc from Point Isabel Yesterday
and Wit leave tomorrow for New Orleans
whcrr they will go aboard a steamer for
Panama They spent the night at the
home OF r B Kreager a Brownsville
LAWYER
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-11-16
SAYS U.s.. LOST MILLION
ON SHIP BOARD ASBESTOS
Witness Before Inquiry Says Gov
eminent Paid Too Much
for Rings
NJ Associated prs. 70 Every Evening

HF Associated Press ~ Every evening
New York. Nov 10. Asbeetoa cylinder
rinrs used on engines of United States
Shipping Board vessel~ entered into tho
cong esslonal committee inquiry ~ ship
ping board affairs here today
stewart Dickson. president ~ Stewart
Dickson md Company. Inc, testified
that asba~tos packing Wa purchased by
tho board n February and March of fhis
year ut prices much higher than what
they should have boen
fle sald there were Ave bidders for the
contract, four N winch were practically
the safnn The four averaged abort 81 50
pound Hir bid 9as 81 %.
IN explanation hc sald. he WA inform
I'D the -. gine-rs had complained against
has product Dickson added that be had
never paid any gratliflss and hal never
been asked 70 DO 10
Ts@tifving "A 70 previous expgrIencF-s
with the board he related an incident u
where he had discovered an overcharge -
the board and had made oash refund
The witness further said = contract
had heea made bv The board for year :
supply of asbestos cloth a. 81 80 "a pound
on 4 falling market. when n far price would
havo been 3 10 pound
He also charged that there @as i
monopoly ii this commodity He eztI-
mated the LOSE 70 the government On such
contract At more than 81 0nO 600 year
John r Richardson. aho assisted ~
preparing for the committee the report
upoa which tho inquiry Is n part based.
was recalled. He charged iroiiicient cheek
iug Of purchases BY unekIlled and IN
efficient men
Richardson also charged the employ
meHt of alien and inexperienced painters
on Shipping Board vessels when Their,
was ol file with the board u list Of NOR
than 500 exIerl.nced painters who wanted
,xnrk
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-11-16
DOWN STATE FULLY
ORGANIZED IN RED
CROSS ROLL CALL
Chsplain Davis Tells How Organi
zation Saved Lives Of Delaware
BOYS Abroad.
MANY MORE SCHOOLS
REPORT 100 PER CEN 1

dvsry tow aud hamlet M Kent and
sussex ruuntics u organzcd for the
Fourth Rod CruSs Roll Call. and the
men,he.Ship camvmlg IN The lower psr' ~
prlnwar, - going forward with more en-
'huslAsn thau ui any 'tlnrt SINCE the WAT
,nd,.d That was The very encouraging
incs.,F, brought o. tins city TODAY ~
n, 4, LAYTON t,lt,f who Is ~ chargc 81
n, ean,peige lnr hc two lower counties
~ Orer sand thai be- workers were put
,p more pcp md effort int" thus drlV'
Ear any ior two wears and that lrnm W"
,rra ligntlou hc had perfected, ho "N-
s, ,fed the mosi haftcrrug results
i meeting hcld AZ lAwC~ "a which the
tl,e. ehurchcs ot that placr Episcopal.
l,r, IL, tcr,au and Methodist ror grcgatloHS
urA ~ all the Roll tall campagn ~
located tho eplrlt that Tho people arc dis
,lay,ur for ihi, cTor' pr lamc~ fc"t'"
af,.,.lrl and addrcssc~ were made hN II
O.rtc, asi RI, Howard paNi~. Who ""~
oa.. IN fA. chaplain ~ tho hath PIONEERS
br 1r,4 tslI IT, audience 'hat 'ic
,Gp.at,si No'h,r s. Them Nll WIS NET
I.ed snc, thc var cu.b'd hut that i vt~
san hoIdlug uut her >hrltrruE arms T. II"
.iisfr,. s-rd orpha at lulN Aud me
Am hes ihg' urclrt elccor
n, navi- mad, emphatic pira i"r
+. .4pi,atf +. thi~ campaign u, ~N'i tl!a'
h.,i.f.ast hrcs for u. .er .ni attention.
g,. rs, Nd,Wrr, hn,- Obrn They Nnrc
l ~ u lrtn.r. hl fb Eci rn~S,
.hHt na., 81 thcu vonl ryv f'Nc r.
.naed ~ 'h,,r homes and rclafNr- y"
It.euls.a F. dctad What ~ hed '~,n
Il. Eri ,t,,.s du abroad and D. 0a~ gI'N
81. prfu~, tot vh1f thr ~ .,tl"n
IS thr ~,ldpr
fD .u,alt,llc work tb .a Nutar
arl, has l,er duug Is Tins Rnll nll wns
th. .ulicct -prctl prai.c III pt t'ricr
aI4, u -IsaknE II tho ranra,E' n the
...ef .autt,- The mru'lrr- - thc
tt.t Dorr, have earned R~i Crr~s
t.rl.r frnn section - se.tlnu nt th"
.u,f counties all rc,et Hr~l'At"d, no
ter how ,llsaprr'e,,'e he daN (
fh rnst- Ntnnu lh"fr aIa.
rtmppgr crgi hatc 'r"a
t,,I IS urauet ce pr 1imr
.,.. I.a 'hc, s,r u,- ,aC Il 'he gre
pral-, faf II, fNls,- r.adcfo'i
noR, srHoot in1 'rKn>.
how vss sIt,the b. aIN usf II Srh""iS
aatin.s4i tt tsE
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-11-16
WILL LAM {. ELLIS
PLACED ON TRIAL IN
GENERAL SESSIONS
Former Colored Home Manager
IS Accused OF a Grlevous
Offence.
WAS HEAD OF HARE'S
CORNER INSTITUTION

BE ore a Jury and Judge Royce The
trial ~ William G Ellis colored. charged
with serious uttense. wts started this
morning IN Court of General Sessions
Ellis was formerly IN charge II the orphan
home for colored girls AZ Hare 5 Corner
and the road leading - Christiana The
prosecuting witness is one Of the glrls who
lived there
] Frank Ball. counsel for ELLIS, objected
10 much Of the States testimony on the
ground that the State has NJ proof that
Ellis is legally married
In addition 10 the charge ou which be IL
being tried another Indictment Of the
same nature, and twn charging non-sup-
port. stand against Ellis
The Jury had not taken the ease at noon
FACES SECOND CHARGE
immediately after he had been acquit-
ted bv Jury Of charge Of embezzlement
as haiee nf S400 from Pavallos FurnOvs-
kos. Peter y Satuakos was again placed
on trial on a charge Of obtaining money
under false pretenCes
F1Irnovskos was alleged to have gwen
Satuakos s4O0 with which 10 start a
partnership in the commission merchant
business. Satuakos was alleged 10 have APP
piled the money to hs own uses and 10
have failed to start the business. The de-
fendant claimed that he was arrested before
he had had time TO make arrangements for
the opening Of the business.
In the second case, it was alleged that
Satuakos gave To William b. Cooper, on
October 26. a check for s23 25 in payment
Of a bill. although he had no funds in the
bank. Ii was also alleged that Satuakof
placed in bank check on the National
CITY Bank Of indianapolis for $50, which
was returned protested. in order, it was
said. 70 cover the check he had given Mr.
Cooper There was no such account as tho
check was drawn on IN the indianapolis
bank il was alleged
Satira6os contended that he was not
aware that he had overdrawn his account
when be gave the che ok to Mr. Cooper