davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
THREE NEGROES ARE l YNCHED BY DULUTHM0R OF 5000
 WHICH STD RMED JAIL THERE
TROTXkS MURDERED EIGHT TIMES ONLY
 SAYS IITNINOFF

'f Constantinoplc, June 1i- +.
 + Maxim LltVinoff, assistant com +
 + missioner for foreign affairs in 4. + the Russian bolshcvtE govern I.
 + meut today received telegrams I.
 I. from Leon Trotzky and Nicola I.
 + Leninc. respectively bolsheVlk I. + minister of war and premier. I.
 + This fact appears to dispose of + + rumorS originating in Tokio + + that Trot2ky had been murdered # + and that Lenine had fled from + + Moscow. +
 + "This report" remarked M. + + Litvinoff today, twas somewhat + + exaggerated, as far as I remem- T + Der, this is only the eighth time I
 + Trotzky has been murdered" I + r
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
t INFANT MORTALITY k RATE IN LARGEST . CITIES DECREASING.

* Washington, June 15.-The in * fant mortality rate for 1919 de- * creased materially as compared : + with the four previous years, ac- l. cording to statistics compiled by + the census bureau and made pub l. lie today. Of the 12 largest cit
 * ies in the birth registration + seven showed decreases of from . + 8.5 to 25.4 per cent, while the + highest increase was 36 per . + cent. + In New York City the death .s rate of infants under one year + of age decreased Il per cent as : + compared with 1918 and IS per | s cent below the 1915 figures.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
Youth is Burned to
 Death on Farm

Carlisle, June 15.-Roy Hallyfield, 23. was burned to death Monday night when fire destroyed the water pump ing plant on the J. H. Sims rice farm It is believed he was asleep in the plant and was trapped by the flames and devoured. Hallyfield had been employed at the Sims farm for the past wear. He is survived by his mo- ther and one sister, who live at Ken sett. He is said to have come here from DeValPs Bluff.
 Hallyfield was also reported in dispatches last night as hailing from Pine Bluff, but efforts to find traces of him here were fruitless.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
Wife of Man Found
 Slain is Arrested

Fort Smith, Ark, June 15.--Mrs. Adam Wilkins, wife of Adam Wilkins of Howe, Okla, interpreter for the Indian agency at Poteau, Okla, whose body was found on the railroad tracks May 27, was arrested today with Harrl- son Humphries in connection with Wilkins death and lodged in the county jail at Poteau.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
Cashier of Closed
 Bank Under Arrest

Fort Smith, June 15.-E. E. Nor ris, formerly cashier of the Bank of Mountainburg, Crawford county, was arrested today charged with forgery and the institution closed by the state banking commissioner. Morris it is alleged, forged notes on which loans were obtained from Fort Smith and Van Buren banks.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
95 IS TEMPERATURE AGAINST 97 MONDAY
 AND SUNDAY HERE.

It was not as hot yesterday as it was the day before, and neither was it as hot yester- day as it was Sunday, ac- .cording to the local weather observer. Yesterday the maxi mum temperature registtred was 95, the minimum being 72. Monday the temperature was 97, and the temperature was the same Sunday, accord ing to the official readings
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
EMPEROR VERY ILL.

Honolulu, June 15.-The Japanese emperor still is in delicate health and has left Tokio for Numadsu, according to Tokio advices.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
LOst-Reward

Female Fox Terrier, white, with black and brown spots; tail bobbed. Answers to name Sugar Reward for return to Sam w. Trimble, or phone 2201. 6-16-1t
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
IRISH MURDER.

Corey, County Cork, Ireland, June 15-A police inspector, Captain Will son, has been shot dead by five arm ed men.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
BONILLAs TO U. S.

Mexico City, June 15.-Ygnacio Benilas, former Mexican ambassa- dor at Washington, left here today for the United States.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
Hoses kContention

.ans l5.-Application chamber of com- Louis and East St. as a common ter st to the rates on laa and Illinois wa 8
 by the interstate ' the 20 cent addi- ae transfer of coal 'l''lppi river to St, @feasonable
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
I JOHNSON |AEs|DENcy |||DEPENDENT
 
r,.y Are Informed \, Are Out in East
 ! Not Yet Noti- s.d

[,s, June 15'-M0re , ptprss were secured Edrplatsd in Oregon United States sena- Johnson to repudiate t d,pted by the repuD- ',avsntion in Chicago himself as an inde- .s for the presidency telegram sent :. today ,,,n by W P. Adams sii that he did not Jpbnsoll organization i.re existed, but that \, sent in behalf of I of Senator Johnson Orsgon primary elec- H,t similar petitions aI,tsd in New York;" <, 4so started them \ today. So far the Iesn circulated only i've plan to send them } sate."
 a,t he and his group ' circulate the peti- tsr Johnson declares &ie will not be a can presidency on an in- lime 15.--Notification lnd persons in Ore petition asking Sen California to repud- xn platform and to llsnt contest for the Vt reached the sen- M it closed for the nNn, who returned Lit night, did not ap- itd today and at his nid, he was resting 2 GVerdale, Maryland.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
'eATHER.

! j. | Wednesday and ! .,a' ..,aursday partly l <. Gen, Wood isn't l Ra:y, ssy grateful for
 l Words. II .
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
|Equimaux kIfe1ne North

h.ilse h,sae l5.-Knud Ras- ,i'a explorer, and n.a;.. us .e.artographer, are saltl0n to the north
 sssqulmaux. Ras- S"aay <, the expedition N, < the n longest he ev- ss to take provisions sI'' but considers it hn,. ,sss seven. Four
 ap''ss the party.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1920-06-16
'N SCHOOL.


 |S,s i's ts.-The ts. Knights IN .ree supplement-
 y .ass men in European ,.'9 spened at Venice. ssssed ,sss;s5. here tonight Eli,s;.sl is,sis;,slize in langua- las.'.s'n French and
 as'0n courses.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
WATER DECISION
SET FOR NOV. 20
Three Amendments to Be
Considered in Next
Election Here
NO OPPOSITION SEEN
Sentiment Seems to BE Uni
versally in Favor Of
Pure Water Project

with the final publication OF the
official call by the mayor and city
commissioners drawing near. rul
sans are turning their attention e
the proposed charter amendment
election on November 20. At thai
time they will vote on three amend
ncnts. one amending the charter 81
the city may go anywhere withiD
tho state to obtain n supply OF pure
water. another providing for the
creation and election OF a nonpari.
san water board. and another au-
thoriZing the city to police any land
II may acquire for public purposes,
or within five miles OF the city
Water Election Proper Follows.
II the charter amendment cleo
ton carricr--hnd thus far no oDpo-
Hition has become apparcnt--'fhc
amendments will be sent to the gov
crnor for his approval II this In
given, another resolution will be
passed Immediately 10y tho city COM
mission calling an election to vote
again on whether TulFa shall go TO
the Spnvinaw river 10 obtain water.
The charter amendments to he
voted upon November 20 wffi n
passed. remove the objection Of the
supreme court on which 1t based it's
vote, which objection was that tho
charter specifies that the city of
Tulsa cannot go outside the five
mile limit to obtain land for public
purposes
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
HOUSE COUNT FINISHED
Republicans VIII Have 2O3 Members
To DcmOcrnis' I3A, IA Gain of AZ,
Last Reports Indicate.

CHICAGO, Nov. 6.--Rcpublican
Victories In three congressional dis
tricts, two now represented by demo-
Gratis, the Fifth Missouri. Eighth MIN
ncsota and the 23rd New York as
sured with tho receipt tonight Of the
last hclatcd returns. determined dcfl-
nitcly the lineup Of tho house or rep
rcscntativcs after March next, ac-
cOrding 10 unofficial returns
The republicans viii nave 293
representatives In the house to 1875
democrats. Th" other four ~ the
43G members Include one socialist.
one Independent, one Independent
pruhibiuiOnist and one independent
republican Tho figures represent n
net gain for the republicans Of 6i
members and losg to the democrats II
Of 2. The present congress con-
tain an cqpHl number Of miA"cl-
iancous members four, with 232 re-
puhlirnns and 100 democrats.
In two 81 the districts reported
today the republican Victories will
result in tho unsoatinF Of two demo.
cratic representative who are mcm-
bcrs of the present congress. In tho
Finh Missouri r. & Ellis, republican
defeated william r, Bland, demo
cratic candidate for reelection,
while the situation was similar Ia tho
2srd New YORK. where Richard W.
McKiniry, democrat, who now rcp-
rcsonts the district, LOST iO Albert H..
Roscndalc, republican.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
STATE SETS UP
NEW VOTE MARK
Expression at Polls Hits
Top With 100000 Over
All Past Elections
446,257 NOW COUNTED
Some Precincts Unheard From
as Yet; Machinery Speeds
UP in a Years Time
by Associated Press state Wire.

ny Associated Press State Wire
OKLAHOMA CITY, Nov. e.--As
returns from the general election
neared completion by the Associated
Press this afternoon It became APP
parent that the vote cast was greater
by approximately 10000 than that
OF any previous election. Even the
prediction of W. C. McAlister. sec-
retary of the state election board
that the women's vote would swell
this years total to 1000 in the
state. fell short 10000 votes OF the
number cast Tuesday.
with a number OF precincts miss
ing. the republican and democratic
tickets together 446.257 votes.
Official returns from more than
40 counties OF the state had been
received by the state election board
at noon today. J. A. Barbee OF
Muskogee, chairman OF the election
board, and Tom Kelly OF Saltwater
a member, began opening the regis
tered rolls at II o'clock. A special
force OF clerks began a tabulation.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
Women Lobbyists Demand !
Smoking ParlOr in Capitol
Miss Alice Robertson of Oklahoma, Will Be Asked
to Engineer the Deal; Ability With Menus
Also States Her for Restaurant Job

Mrs Earle was lunchlng with Miss
Mary Windsor of Iayorford. Pa, In
capitol restaurant last winter when
the latter insisted upon smoking two
cigarcts and nearly caused a riot
Several suffraglsts made Indignant
protest To- Senator Moses. head OF
the senate committee.
THE senator denied thcrc II smok-
ing discrimination against the wn-
men, said Mrs. Earle. but there is
and there viii bc until woman is
placed In charge"
She added that smokes for wo-
men may only bo small ISSUE com
pared with others, hut II the women
continued tu bc denied equality In
the little things, but II the women
continued To be denied equality ln
he little things. they can never hope
to achieve "full freedom"
A vorltahic army OF women lobby
lists Will descend upon the new con
grcss, she declared.
Appropriate comforts should he
provided for them In the capitol"
she said. 1t would be 80 soothIng
to have a haven such az smoking
room To go to after the nervous
strain Of talking to congressman"
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
OPEN DOOR, MAY SHUT
Policy Insisted Upon by Pres
idcnt Would BE Nullified
at Americans Loss
CHROME SUPPLY CORNERED
Anatolia, Affected by Agree
ment, Possesses Meerschaum
That Supplies World

WASHINGTON. Nov. 6.--Whlle
no protest has been made thus iar
by the state department against the
tripartitc agreement by France.
Great Britain and Italy, defining
spheres OF influence In Turkey, Of
nCials stated today that this did not
mean that no objection would he
made against any provision viewed
as ConttiVcniug AN open door policy
In Turkey. The open door policy
was insisted upon 10y the United
States In thG Turkish settlement II
was said. when President Wilson
was asked in March by the French
government for his Views on the ten
tative draft OF the Turkish treaty.
The American note Of March ~
said; 1T In the understanding OF tho
government of the United states that
whatever territorial changes or ar
rangcmcnts may he made In the
former ottoman empire. such
changes or arrangements will in nc
way place American citizens or cor
porations In those or any other coun'
try In less favorable position thar
the citizens or corporations OF any
power to this treaty
In some quarters II was contendct
today that the second paragraph u
| Article two Of the tripartite agree
ment did violate this principle In cx
lcluding from the particular sphere
Of influence reserved for each OF tn
three powers the nationals or tn
other two contracting parties.
The paragraph In question rcadf
"The contracting powers under
take not to apply. nor to make %
support applications on behalf o
their citizens for Industrial or com
mcrclal concessions In an area II
which the special interest OF one %
the said powers are recognized, cN
cept In cases where such power de-
clines or is unable 10 take ndvan
tagc OF Its special position.
Although the cables summary
shows Article 10 NJ the agreement tC
provide against any prejudice 10 th'
rights OF nationals OF nonslgnntorS
states to free access for commercial
and economic purposes. the fun text
Of the article, according TO some ~.
fiCials, may be construed otherwise
Western Anatolia, in the sphere OF
Italy's special interest. under the
tripartltc agreement. produced seven
per cent of the worlds supply OF
chrome before the war. Of which the
United States imported In 1913
$4,000 tons besides n quantity oi
emery. 1t Is practically tho worlds
sole source for merHchaum.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
FORM TRADING BOARD
One Hundred Bankers of south or'
ganilc UO Finance Foreign War
kct for Southern Products.

NEW ORLEANS. Nov. 6.-Jrhc
federal foreign finance corporation
n $4,000, 900 enterprise. 10 flnanc"
foreign trade. was organized her"
tonight at meeting Of more than
100 bankers nf the south, following
an all-day session.
The organization IL the second ~
It's Kind formed under tho Edge act
and IL three times larger than the
first. Headquarters viii d" eHtnb-
Ushcd here. The purpOs" Of the cor
poratiOu IL 10 finance foreign mar
kcts or all the south's staple pro-
ducts. raw and manufactured. par
iicularly cotton, rice. sugar and lum-
her.
The directors include: Arkansas
Moorhead Wright, Little Rock; Lou
isiana. II. s. Hecht. j. h Band"n
and j. II. Butler, Jr, all Of New Or
leans: Texas: j. A. Pondron, Hous-
ton: Nathan Adams, Dallas; Y. J.
Caldwell, Fort worth Tennessee
II. u. Snowdrn. Memphis, Th" di-
rectors for oklahoma have not been
named.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
ALLEGED CON MAN
CAUGHT IN TULSA
Officers Say Man With
Many Aliases Admits
Texas Swindle
WORKED AN OIL GAME
Got $4,000 From Texas Bank
by Manipulation and Es-
capped, Reports Say

With the capture here yesterday y
afternoon OF Thomas Hr Mortan.
alias r. j. Miller. alias T.. J. Collins
by the Foster y. Burns detective
agency. law officials are OF the opin
ion that one OF the worst bank swim
dlcrs In this section OF the country
has been apprchendrd. Morgan hat
been a fugitive from justice. II Is
alleged. since September, 1919. when
he Is said to have swlndled the
American NatioDaI bank IN Wichita
Falls. Texas. ont OF $4,000 on "A
fake" oil deal. The alleged forgcr
was caught at First and Main.
when arrested Morgan. who was
going under the name OF Miller, at
first stoutly denied any knowledge
of the Texas bank swindlc, but after
an hour OF close questioning he final
ly confessed and admitted that he
was the man, according to Burns.
He also intimated. u IN said. that
there were two other parties impli-
Gated in the deal" hut he refused
to disclose their Identity. A search
OF his rooms at the New Franklin
hotel First and Main, disclosed an
assortment of automobile tools. and
bunch OF master" keys, which
Burns asserts VIII open any make
OF automobile lock. He admitted
that he had been dealing in auto
mobiles between here and Paw
huska for the last two weeks.
shortly after the swindle was per-
pctrated Morgan was located In
Houston, Texas, but after an all
night chase by officers In cars he es-
capped. Morgan told Burns that he
helped the bandits escape who held
up and robbed n Kansas city gam
bling house last August. The al
legged swlndler waived requisition
papers and is being held In the
county Jail pcnding the arrival OF
tho sheriff from Wichita Falls.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
ny MILDRER NORRIS.

WASHlNGTON, Nov 6.--As one
Of her first official acts, Miss Alice
Robertson, elected to congress frsm
Oklahoma. will bc asked to demand
"a smoking room IN the capitol for
lady lobbyists, according to Mrs
Dorothy Earle OF Detroit. Mich, "A
young woman OF social prominence
here who was active In the suffrage
movement.
Mrs. Earle announced today a
dcputatiou OF women will cali on
the new lady from oklahoma" on
her arrival In Washington to talk
1t over"
She also declared the women will
agitate tn have Miss Robertson ap-
pointed chairman OF the house sub
com mittce which has charge OF the
house restaurant.
The CongrcsswOman-c elect is said
to have won the mems support In her
campaign by the deleCtablc food shc
served I'm her restaurant In Musko-
gee and Mrs, Earle pointed out to-
day THE wonderful opportunity
she would have as head OF the house
iunchroom to influence antagonistlc
congressman, through their stom-
achs. to vote for legislation asked by
the women
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
WrGngeL Slips out
of BolsheUik Trap
by His CieUerness

By SIR PERClVAL PHILLIPS
Correspondent Of The ! ~ o. and London
Express
CONSTANTlSOpLE, Nov 8.
via London. Nov. 6.--General
Wrangcls anti-bolAhevik army In
south Russia has escaped into
crimea, frustrating the desperate
effort of the soviet army to out
flank and cncirclc It. according 10
Information from Sebastopol to-
day
The anti-Red army was extri-
Gated by clever generalship. des-
pitc the fact that II was outnum-
bered nearly five TO one. Sehas-
topol dispatches (from Wrangels
headquartersJ said the losses Of
the anti-Hed forces were not heavy
IN either men or materials.
II IL reported from XankzuT that
the Armenians have revOlted, kill
Ing the Red garrison
Armenian sources deny the sem
FatiOnal TumOr that 10000 Ar
mrnians were mnssacrcd by Turks
al Hedjin. This Information came
through tho Armenian relief
agency.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
HARDING TRIP is TOUR Of TRIUMPH
Federal League
Blamed for Ruin
OF Ball Players

CHICAGO, Nov. 6.--Tho de
funct Federal league wac tho
breeding place Of the recent bas'.
ban scandal, according To tal
Ewing, owner of the Oakland
club uf the Pacific Coast league,
who Us hero preparing 10 attend
the meeting Of the minor leagues
In Kansas city next week
The Federal league gathcr"l
moA Of the diacunlcntcd elc.
mcnts I'm baseball and signed
them tn irun-Clad contracts" Mr.
Ewing said. "Of courEr. there
were "A number Of good players In
the league. These players were
assured Of their places They
could not hc disciplined and tn"
result was that gambling waH
rampant IN the old Federal
league,
The recent baseball scandal
probably never would have oc-
CURED, Mr.. Ewing declared. "
organized baseball had refused
To take back the men who
iumpcd To the outlaw organizn =
tion. Ito said that when some OF
these players Joined the ranks ot
organized baseball They continued
their tactics.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
Party Not Deceased,
Let's Forget FUSES,
Democrat Chief Says

WASHINGTON, Nov. 6,-An-
other move toward reorganization
Of the democratic party was made
here today when Senator Harri-
son OF Mississippi, chairman OF
the speakers bureau during the
campaign, issued n statement
calling on his fellow democrats TO
bury all past differences and Tor"
get about the recent campaign.
'The democratic party IN not
dead" he said 1T has only re-
ceived temporary setback ana
will make itself felt every day OF
every session of congress until the
next election rolls around.
Governor Cox made q gallant
fight. He impressed the country
as measuring up In the fullest
measure to the important role to
which he had been called.
grateful party will hold him In
highest esteem for the splendin
fight he has made and will keep
on looking on him as the real
leader"
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
HONOR IN ORDER
FOR MISS ALICE
Big Demonstration Staged
Over Recent Election
of Congressman
TULSANS IN SPOTLIGHT
Many Join Celebration; Re-
call Miss Alice's Mother
ing of Rough Riders

MUSKOGEE, Nov. 6.--Delegates
from every county in this congress
sional district were present here to-
night to ratify the election OF Miss
Alice Robertson to congress
and participate In the biggest politi-
cal demonstration that has ever
been held in this city.
Over 5000 persons took part In
an old style torch light parade,
which was followed by a reception
at the Sewers hotel. Music by three
bands cnlivencd the occasion. Tulsa
was represented by n large delega-
tion in which was included several
former residents OF this city who
came to personally extend their con
gratulations to Oklahoma's first
woman representative in congress.
Representing Fitzhugh Leo camp,
Tulsa, Thomas M"igher went to
Muskogee Saturday to attend the
celebration participated in there last
night by Spanish American war vet
Grams I'm honor of Miss Alice Robert
son. congresswOman- elect form the
Third Congressional district.
Miss Robertson IL the mother OF
Troop l.. Rough Ridera title she
has retained since the uoop was re-
cruitcd, mostly from Muskogee. In
1916, during the Spanish American
war veterans encampment In Tulsa.
Miss Robertson, as mother" OF l.
troop. made the presentation
speech when tablet was given TO
Kendall college In honor Of Milo T..
Hendrix, a student OF Kendall when
that college was located in Musko-
gee. who lost his life on San Juan
hill.
Miss Robertson was personally ac-
duainted with every man In Troop L.
She WAS elected mother" Of the
trnnn hN nccln mHtInn.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
HYLAN NAMED IN SCANDAL
Niche Assigned
MHaH of Fame
( FOrMark TlUain

NEW YORK. Nov. e.-The
electors of the New York uni
versity hail OF fame yesterday
announced the dedication of a
niche to Mark Twain, Noah
Webster, after consideration,
was not admitted. Along with
the great humorist five other ia
nous men and one woman were
accorded places in the COLON
ade surmounting University
Heights and overlooking the
Hudson river. They were:
James Buchanan Eads, engineer,
builder of the Eads bridge, st.
Louis; Patrick Henry, patriot
and statesman; Roger Williams.
founder of Rhode Island, and
Alice Freeman Palmer, teacher,
president OF Wellesley college
from 1882 to 1877.
Those along with Webster who
failed to receive enough votes
were: John Brown, the aboli-
:ionist: Walter Reed. physician:
John Paul Jones, Samuel Adams,
William Penn. James A. McNeill
Whistler. artist and Joseph JEFF
ferson, actor.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-11-07
JAPS RAISE OBJECTIONS
VIII Not Recognize Nandcriip Syn
dicatc Agreement With Soviet
for 100000 Mile HJcaSc.

TOXIC, Nov. 6.--The Japanese
government will refuse TO recognize
the validity of the reported agree
ment OF Washington Vonderlip on
behalf of an American syndicate
with the soviet government OF Rus
STA. whereby the Nanderlip syndl-
cate obtains a lease hold on 100000
square miles of Russian territory
including Kamchatka.
In an interview with the Japanese
foreign office today the position oi
the government was set forth as fol-
lows.
THE soviet government of Russia
has not been recognized by the
world powers. The japanese gov
ernment does not feel bound TO take
cognizance OF any private agree
ment entered into by the soviet au-
thorities or whoever may be parties
thereto. The Japanese government
is further unprcpared to assent to
any act or measure infringing on
Japan's trcaty rivh's with Russia.