davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08
Dinner Stories

A little girl was asked, upon her re-
turn home, how she liked the singing
of the congregation in the church.
Il liked 1t very much, indeed" she
said, "altho all the people said it was
bad"
"All the people said 1t was bad?
What do you mean, my DEAR"
"Oh, It was so bad 1 heard the peo-
pie praying. Lord. have mercy upon
us miserable singers"
An argument as to the origin 0pbag-
pipes had waxed loud and long be-
tween Scotsman and an Irishman,
each of whom claimed his own coun-
try had produced the instrument.
Finally the Irishman clinched mat
ters by remarking:
We'll, the truth is, the irish m
vented the poipes and they made n
present av thin to the Scots. And the
Scots haven't seen the joke yet!'
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

Mr.. Roosevelt is endeavoring to
make political capital out Of the al
legged remark of Senator Harding that
81 a bushel was enough for wheat.
Many farmers still live who can re-
member the time when they looked
forward 10 dollar wheat as the acme
OF their hopes. The senator says he
did not say it. But suppose he did.
What has the remark to do with the
issues before the country? Nothing
relating to the price of wheat can be
found in the party platforms, or in the
candidates letters of acceptance. Mr..
Roosevelt's campaign speeches SAVIOR
OF, pettifogging. He says Senator Cur
It's trains with Penrose and Lodge.
To be sure he does. He always has
been strict party man and his con-
stituents respect him for it. They
have never had reason to doubt his
position on any question. He has been
ever a consistent supporter of Repub-
llcan principles and platforms.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

The census of 1920 shows big gains
in population in nearly all the south
ern states in the past ten years. Much
of these gains, probably, is due to the
favoritism shown to that section of
the country by the Democrat admins
sration, specially during the war.
While the struggle was in progress
vast sums of money were poured into
the south in what often were useless
expenditures. AS an instance, the gov
ernmept spent ST. 116,o0O in con-
structihg a port terminal at Charles
ton. S. c.. which was built in an iso-
lated swamp ten miles up the Cooper
river, where it was necessary to dredge
to reach it. There never was a pound
of produce, a man or an animal
shipped either out of or into this ter
minal during the war.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

Everybody realizes that our pres
emit system of taxation does not pro-
viJo for a tax which rests where it
falls. The burden is easily shifted
from one shoulder to another, and It
Is the consumer who pays. A tax on
sales. say. 1 per cent, says Charles E.
Lord. in the current issue of Forbes
Magazine, which, considering the diff
ferent hands thru which merchandise
passes. might be counted as at the
maximum of a 8 per cent tax. should
meet all the requirements. Surely, a
load of even 3 per cent. since the tax
is paid by the ultimate consumer. is
much easier to bear than the present
one of 25 per cent, which represents a
very conservative calculation. Au-
thorities have calculated that this
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08
NEW TREND OF INDUSTRY.

There has been noted recently a
tendency~cf manufacturers to establish
plants away from the big cities
American corporations have sought, as
a rule in the past, to build plants at
or near large cities, where there sup
posedly was an ample supply of suit
able labor.
The census returns show that one
fourth Of our population is now CEN
tered in cities of 100000 or more pop
ulation. But the building of factories
at big cities has not proved altogether
satisfactory. 1t has been found that
labor union agitators can exercise
more inflammatory influence in large
centers than where plants are located
in the smaller communities. The
large-city plant often finds it diff
cult to establish close, intimate, per-
sonal relations with its work people,
whereas in a smaller town the execu-
tives who run the principal industries
can and very often do get closer to
their folks and build up harmonious
relationships which outside profess
sionAl agitators cannot disturb. A To-
cation in a metropolis also has other
drawbacks.
This movement away from crowded
Industrial centers should be welcomed
by cities like Topeka. 1t is better for
all concerned, for example, that new
cotton mills be built in Texas than in
Fail River. new wooden mills in the
middle west than in Lawrence, Mass,
and huge new automobile plants in
small towns than in Detroit.
It may not be possible or desirable
to induce return to the tilling of the
soil; but it is feasible and desirable to
draw millions of industrial workers
away from metropolitan cities and into
more rural districts.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08
,A~NK1 AF

Copyright, 1920 by the Wheeler Syndicate,
Incl

@. Are honorably discharged members
of the Students Army Training Corps. en-
titled to victory + buttons and victory
a. The War Department says that hon
orably discharged members of the STUD
the the Victory Medal and button. if they
actually enlisted in the army. Otherwise
they are not entitled to 1t.
Q. When did the sending Of fresh meat
for long distances begin?-E. c. Is.
A. The first important step in the de-
packing industry was taken by George II.
Hammond. who in the summer of 1860 be-
gan at Hammond, Indiana, the business OF
chipping fresh beef in refrigerator cars 70
Q. Please give me list for baby
meals during his second year?-C. A. B.
following - a m. milk, Zwieback, toast
or dried bread; 0 n. m. orange Juice; 10 Il.
M cereal cup Of milk ,s ?: N, proth; meat
cereal, milk. toast or bread; 10 p. m. milk
(may be omitted.). At this time the baby
in "a hours; part Of this may be poured
over cereal. This should be served with
out sugar, or with n very little only. Bread
should have about a tablespoonful Of scrap
ed meat, or beef. broiled. boiled, or roasted
or the epd If ar of as or
Bile should be a green one like spinach or
tender string beans, which should be wek
cooked. drained and mashed or strained
Q. Is the Y. s. s: South Dakota the
! A. The Navy Department says that the
United States Ship Huron (ex-south Da-
kota) is the flagship of the Asiatic Fleet,
while the United States ship New Mexico
is the flagship of the Pacific Fleet.
81 Who said the way to resume is 20
A. The expression was used by salm6n
p. Chase in a letter to Horace Greeley IN
1896, but the correct quotation is 1.-THE
way to resumption is to resume" The
subject under discussion was the resump-
ton Of specie payments BY the federal
government
fAny reader can get the answer to any
question by writing The topeka State
Journal information bureau. Frederic J.
Haskin. Director. Washington. D. C. This
offer applies strictly to Information. The
bureau cannot give advice on legal. medical.
and financial matters. 1t does not under-
take to settle domestic troubles. nor to
undertake exhaustive research on any
subject Write yoqr question plainly and
briefly. Give full haIHe and address and
enclose -e-eent stamp for return postage.
AL replies are sent direct to the inouirez.l
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08
THE COMING APpoRr1oNN1ENr.

It is believed that the census of
1920 will show a total population for
the United. States of 100000. If
this population shall be shown and
the present ratio be continued in force
resentatives will be increased to ap-
proximately 500.
In the opinion of many the house is
becoming too big and unwieldy. X
has been pointed out recently by Con-
gresham Macarthur of Oregon that
I'm lawmaking bodies having a large
number Of members there is always a
tendency for the control to fall into
the hands of few. That is not a
proper system of legislation for the
reason that all the people of the ma
ton are not represented. 1 contend
that IL the personnel of the house
were reduced to 900 members coupled
with better salaries and improved Ia
cilities it would be more representa-
tive and the results would be far more
effective"
The census of 1920 will show not
only a considerable increase in the to-
tai number of inhabitants but shift
of the population thru larger increases
in some states and congressional dis
tricts than in others. At present the
lower house of congress is composed
of misrepresentation for each 211.S77
of population, and an additional repre-
sentative for each major fraction of
that number. Upon that basis there
are AIS members. The easiest thing
for congress to do would be to in
crease the membership and let the
present ratio continue, for If the pres
ent membership should be continued
and the ratio increased, the new ap-
portionment would result in some
states losing some of their represen-
tation in the lower house and other
states gaining. There would undoubt-
eddy be vigorous protest from those
states that lost membership, hence
some dissatisfaction could be avoided
by letting some states have an in
creased membership without taking
membership away from any others.
But there are many who believe
that the efficiency of congress would
be greatly impaired by large increase
in the total membership. Business
doubtless could be- expeGited and GER
tainly much money could be saved by
reducing the membership.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

If prices continue to fall until cleo
ton day the decline probably will cost
the Democrats many votes. Altho the
buying public has been clamoring for
lower prices those who have things to
sell are prone to visit their displeasure
over falling values on the party in
power On the other hand the behe-
ficiarjss of lower prices will give the
administration no credit because it
has earned none. Mr.. Palmer has in
dulged in much talk about reducing
the cost Of living but has not done a
thing in that direction.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

Living expenses have about doubled.
In many callings wages have also
doubled. and probably in time all our
incomes will be proportionately in
creased to meet the unusual cost of
living. viii we not then" inquiries
Ed Howe. "be in the same situation we
were in before? What will we have
accomplished by our refoTm riots and
conventions? Will not the old prin-
ciples OF life remain true? Then sup
pose that in-4s21 we again decide we
are slaves, and again proceed to in
crease our wages by the usual means.
Inevitably the cost of living will slow
ly increase; il We double our wages
again. we shall discover that our liv-
ing expenses have also doubled. Where
have we benefited in the proeessg"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

method Of taxation, together with GER
tain excise taxes. such as the present
tobacco tax, duties on imports, and
possibly surfaces on certain classes of
Income that can be defined as I'M
earned income, would provide a reve-
nue. of more than $4,000. 100000 a
year. sufficient to meet the needs of
the government il a reasonable de-
gree of economy be exercised at Wash
ington.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

If there was any disposition on the
part of the managers of the Demo-
cratic campaisn to get away from the
great issue which is Wilson, they Will
not have their way.-Buffalo News.
But why is Wilson regarded as tho
''sreat issue?' He is not candidate.
If the Republicans by any chance
should lose the election, probably 1t
will be because they have persisted in
fighting Wilson and what he stands
for instead of Cox and what he stands
for.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

There still is heard talk of possible
coal shortage the coming winter. If it
come it seems unlikely to touch the
railroads, which, having escaped from
government operation, are preparing
for any curtailment of supply that
may occur. At one division point on a
western road there is 1000 tons of coal
piled up on the ground and the same
road is making similar accumulations
all along it's lines.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

enemy: every one of us has come to
grips with the great adversary. even
as JesuS>did.
And like Him, by His impaired
power we, too. may emerge triumph
ant.
Central to the story of the tempta-
ton of Jesus is the truth that man Is
more than body; he is spirit. Ma
terial and sensual appeals fall in vain
only upon the ears of those who can
saN 1T is written!" and who know
themselves sllied with all the powers
of the living God. Who so loved man.
kind that with every temptation He
has also provided a way of escape.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

voting for a candidate for vice presi-
dent who takes pride in wearing
pair of shiny pants.
IT, however, silent Calls" native
caution still holds his speculative in
stinct in chains, we can give him the
office ON a sure thing. Let him
wager a suit of clothes that the Re-.
publican ticket will be elected.
The fact is, that while we greatly
admire the words and works of Gov
ernor Coolidge, we can't get over the
feeling that is going to be the sort
of vice-president who spends valuable
time looking for d good five-cent cigar.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

Liberty bonds are advancing stead
fly in market value. Meanwhile the
number of original holders placed at
$4,000. 900 is estimated to have been
reduced to 100000. Truly it was
written the destruction OF the poor is
their poverty.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

The good roads amendment If
adopted will not. compel the people to
build roads but it will enable the state
to help them build if they decide that
they want to do so.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08
International
SundaySchoolLesson
By WILLIAM II. ELLIS.

For October 10 is ''The Baptism and
: Temptation of Jesus. Matt 81
Ali
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

The drop in clothing prices does rot
swerve us one way or the other. We
should have bought annew suit of
clothes in any event. We have, in
deed, already ordered one. But the
thought that the decline may stir Isl
lent CAR Coolidge into action pleases
us. We should get no satisfaction m
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

And that as well as any other, will
do for this mornings big lie.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-10-08

Young Mr.. Ouimet is credited with
'holing out" in one on a 243-yard
hole, using mid-iron as the propel-
ling force. That was a fine piece of
strategy and one we should be re-
luctant to attempt. We'd be afraid
of oyerdriving the green.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1920-03-26
0oTICE

Inless conditions chSnie aDa prices
downward trend hy May p
Nil BE- forced 10 raise the price
!; laundry T-hiie our eupicyss have
,oi sskec for a raise. We Snow they
7iI need more mo1ey 10 buy the
aangs taey Eed- We have been
isirE sosp contracted Al l0c. but vii,
= nsirg - S-S cent soap at that
tine.
Aoa al know every cher liue has
raised. sone ihings 51e per Gent and
nearly everything voa use. one hnn-
1-cd rcr cent We viii raise a.
rear sn average 81 twenty five ser
eerf a. possible Family EsshinEs
rl'i De ten cents insIc1t of : te1fs.
fh1s xii make family wash q -
seunos rs'st g. 20 Rith sheets table
-lc'hs and 81 flst pie~es ironed and
wearing slqsrei efarcheo and ready
o ir1n- We wfll lover tins price a.
som as coDditions allow "
We wish 70 hank you for past
faFors ard solicit your continued Po-
fro1zre-
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1920-03-26

Aour doctor wsil impress upoa
vsu that following rccosrry from
The active stage of irsfsnersa,
there often remains an insaanseS
roaccSted condition Of tic ar
naS&gcs throat. lar,rnx. bron-
chial tubes and lungs.
Frequently the cough hangs on
-sarcness az the chest persists
vou take cd easily ard there
nay he obstinate catarrh. This
condition is slew - clear ~ and
Il neglected uaay favor tie de-
ve,opnent a. pneunlcnia. or later
On. serious disease cf the lungs.
such cases Should connnne
undcr the care ~ Their physician
should exercise moderately n
tire open air cal plenty q whole.
scule fooi-avoid CveTWork and
sudden chiliS.
Nightly applications = Nick
NaDoRub may help nature 4
complete the process q repar
Because Nicks acts locally by
stimulation thru the SAN L
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1920-03-26
MORALE OF FRENCH
HIGHEST SINCE 1914
Country Is Untouched B,
Bolshevixn. Ssys Mrs
Anne M Dixie Just
Returned

New York. NErcA 9s-TAe Derals
e. sAt Freaoh peo5ae Is higher zoaas
han a. 2ny aine since 1915, z-d fAs
hesrg O. sAe nation is absolutely zn-
onshe1 b socialism CT oolsherisn
&C Mrs A1aie " Dike. con-sisss>-ei
q The Amer.csn Cozm.iiee for Re
vastxted france. who mas suss r..
iur.td from three wears work ahere
declared fesierdSy Al Miss Anne
Morssns sipdio. : We 1 Forz.eik
street ln making an 2as-a2i for iAs
seN9a at fund which she organiz2.
'loa is seeking 10 RAISE 10 finance itS
ettorSt of rehabilitation.
NO one ] saw links ihe leaEae q
rScsous covenant cAa be put On q
working basis Cor ~ least f0fly
wears" she said
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1920-03-26
THE SPIDER s WEB

Marx TwAin ia his carly Gkyx sAs
c1i'or - MisseaFs uegsguPey a
spperssisiaas sabs &c Nrose hir.
s4f ins he had fesae q spideF ia sas
ss'er AID askeS uAethef that ~ss a
s.gz q good cr bad iBsk. The IA
morisg wra1t th.s answer and psintsd
IL
-oid sAhscribtr Finding a <aIder
IL gour rs4er vzs aeilAsr good nor
had ia<H sor yea The spder wes
merely boxing prs oHr Q4per "a
see whNA srerrhnnl j. No; a1rergas-
e - he can e. % ;ha1 store. spin
rs re across ihe door. and I've
ne lie Of 1ndls.a-ss6 geacs~ ever
Stteivsr1ss
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1920-03-26

The earliest form 81 Telephone 4
probably that in nflEh fhe sound. q
Tie voices sre transmitted over q
stretched string or wire and this form
e said 70 have been used ny the CAi.
nese ages aga X being Impossible IL
give the name of the inventor. AlsK1n-
Der Graham Bel born In Edinburgh.
Scc;lsnd. tui then resident IN he
United Ststex inverted The eieci-c
telephone ~ Boston about THE sane
time as Elisha Gray II Chicago but
Bel WIS granted priority.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1920-03-26

Daring ihe excitement follow
lnr The laundering of The Chilian
steamer Ymgai off fhe Carolina
coast. Mrs William 1 Mann. Of
Brooklyn, \ Y. wife 4 the cap
tam. showed remarkable courage.
When ordered fo Dc so. she
hraVely leaPoi from The Yuneai :
deck into the sea. ihiriy-i,ve feet
below. and was picked up hv a
lifeboAf. Her ,co0lness inspired
the crew which al first had been
paralyxei hy fesr Tins photo
graph was taken after she reached
her Brooklyn home.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1920-03-26

draw out ihe iEiiamnatien. al
tact tie hiooi away from the
c~neesscd spots and relieve the
csnch. In addition. the naedici-
.nsl ingredients of Nioks are
vsno1zed by TIE body heat:
These vapors are breathed IN al
night long. thus bringing the
medication 10 bear directly upon
the ,naAnicd areas.
yscks should be rubbed IN
over TIC throat and chest Until
the slin is red -thel, spread on
Tricky and covered with hot
flannel cloths. Leave the cloth
ing loose around the neck anc
the bed clothes arranged IN the
form of a funnel 81 the vapors
arising may Re freely inhaled
II the cough IS annoying, swallow
a small bit of Nioks the SIC OF a
pea.
Samples 10 new users vii pe
sent free on request 20 the NicS
Chemical Company. 23l Broad
street. Greensboro. n. {.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1920-03-26
Harmless Means
of Reducing Fat

Many fsz peoEas fear ordinary means
FOR reaaclns tAelr xeiesst Here = an
e,1rA0-ssnary rne.>scE Extraordinary
because vksie perfectly harmless Nc
dlecine 81 exsrcise are necessary.
NaTznolz PreScrzpioa Tzbiets are
made exzez,r n aruor1snce with the
tanuus Ns-mcix P1~srrasssson. A re-
ducsinz q fwo. shrec O. feur pounds
week = ~ rue Proear~ sheea srem
any druggist o. i son prsfe~ send g..
e she Nzrz,olE CozssanE. sfs Nooe-
uard Ave- Desrosf. NsCh. for ; large
cax<
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1920-03-26

lie Who loves without reasen is sp,
q re2sen 0iihoar love.
A diplomat Is man who shuts up
Nben he has said enough
Wise Is the orst0r who knows when
to cur q long story short.
SHIPS deieriorsie with ase-with
the exception Of hardshirs-
woman never really knows whst
she thinks az q mss rniil she gets
divorce from him.
A woman seldom siferpts 70 jciiy
her son hv teiiinc him that be is the
very image of his father.
Between economy aud extrsvagsnce
n isn't every man Who can take the
middle crcund and make both ends
raeef.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1920-03-26
TURN HAIR DARK
WITH SAGE TEA
II Mixed with Sulphur II
Darkens so Naturally
Nobody can Tell.

TIE cid-tirre mixture of sage Tea
and sulphur for csrkening gray.
stresked and faded hair Is grand
mothers recipe ard folks are arsin
using IL TO keep their hair q good.
even color. which is quite sensible. as
we are living In an age when a youth
fni appearance IL OF the creates, sd-
vartsEe-
Nowadays. though. we don't have
TIE troublesome task or gathering the
saEe and the r-usSy mixing a. home
All drug stores sell the rezdy-to- use
product, improved hy the addition Of
ether Ingredients called -wye;h.s Sare
and sulphur Compound II Is very
popular because nobody can discover
u has been applied. Simply rnoss.en
your comb or = ecst brush with IL ard
draw this through your hair. taking
cne small strand ~ a times by mornirF
the gray hair diszpoeArs. but what de-
lights the ladies' with wyeth.s Sars
and sulphur Compound. in that. be-
sices ~besutffully dsrkeninr the hair
after a few applications. II also pro-
ouces that scfs fustre and appearsn-e
~ abundance which II - attractive
This rescy-sc-use preparation 10 de-
iirhtfui toilet requisite for those Who
desire q more youthful appearance. II
- net Intended for the cure. rnsnes-
ton or preversion Of disease
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1920-03-26
D ON I YOU
BE DECEIVE D
Sprays and Salves Will Not
Cure Catarrh.

| BY the persis.eas use 81 external
Applications vou nay stop the cA-ar-
rShal discharges fron sorr nose and
| A-na- T-he srouble wiE. however. re-
iurr ID a 1nure aggravated forrn
81 IS saad that the glands az the
nese and fhrusi scs ss Al euerzsn-
= Q'nr to- rhe human ssuzre Fvs-
ten that when rbe kidneys sflr
ard au1rs are unable 70 pro-~rsF dis
aasH % sorn~ of rhf impurities that
sniieri In fboss organs. such i-ururs-
ueg are fh-owr out through ne
Esznds oi tire nose snd thru1- Hezf
colds. due - eK-osure mnst noi-
however - confused wirh the chr0r-
lc aEETzrsted ccpditiu1 Ct the hose
snc -h-0s- f-sceahle 10 in7zre hlcod
The besi wsv 70 relisEe 1his cOu-
1Esiun q cA-o-ic csfz-Ta = br cleans
N me hood q the impurities thzf
asve collected IN the srs.E-z There
: 70 hel-er treatment than Frescr7V-
tson C-2@..3. stae great blood purifier
Ttis rx-'zh3e sl-e-ztiTe rrFsr-i-ricr
l-e1zrert co--eC;s TIE impure STATE
>. fhs Aloca gives sbe tissues an o.
7or1u1ity - exercise her norma
funcfsons and results N tie -xiiet of
re cRrB--hsl co,di-ipr 50 dangerous
q Eood health
To hel7 farCr off ne puisons
sozsstirs % S<iazlzks fhs lirer s11
regulate ths bowels : necessary
Tferr 4 zothinz f.esae~ than 80
LEre- Pflls- Ttis rurtr FeEsrahie Vis
1oef 1ct seeker CT E-pe One Is
eose
fo1r 1rzEE<sz Eus-s-fees and zfHk.
Presc-lr-1c1 C--1y5 ~ s7sze q hc.rl<
z76 80 Liver PNl< ~ * box. %
re @ees l.sbo-ztu-r- 1.s Second Ave
me Soszh III sene bezA rosrgsse
n receiE C SIS. Write Ter fi-e--
s-a-s 1sot Al1zszc. ant sznEss q
Pzas