davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08

ton. Our reservation in no way
affects the contract made by the
other slgnatories. Yet Mr.. Hitch
cock pretends to think that if our
Congress is allowed to have any
voice in the execution of the cove
nant the other powers will repudiate
ARTICLE X and begin to divide up the
world afresh, making no distinction
between members of the league and
non-members.
Were the United States to enter
the league without reservation to
Article X it could not. under that
article, preserve the territorial in
'egrity OF non-member nations. And
as to member nations, the Hitchcock
idea that the powers which have
ratified will not keep their pledges
unless the Senate now yields to the
PRESIDENT on question of domestic
political authority is one of the most
grotesque and most offensive to in
ternatlonal comfy produced by the
long and acrimonious debate over
the treaty.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
Constantinople

One of the most important Euro
pean issues still undecided concerns
the fate of Constantinople. Two
main questions are involved: the
control of the strait and the SOW
ereignty of the Sultan. AS to the
former, there is practically no dis
sent from the view that the corrupt
and inefficient Turkish regime must
not continue. The Dardanelles and
the Bosporus are the Black Sea gate
way-the world trade outlet not
only of South Russia but also of
Rumania, Bulgaria and of the Danu-
bian lands. 1t is one of the most
important strategic and commercial
points in the world.
It's guardianship must be at once
impartial and effective. A strong
Russia, ruled by a constitutional
democracy, would possess the best
individual claim to the post. Un-
fortunately such a Russia does not
exist to-day. Since the United States
is averse to mandate-a solution
which would satisfy all other parties
commemorative only expedient seems
to be international control in one
form or another. It's organization
will be no easy task. But it will
have to be faced.
Whether the Sultan should or
should not be left at Constantinople
is problem even more difficult to
solve. That the unspeakable Turk
must not be permitted to rule other
races, Christian or Mahometan, is
an axiom of Near Eastern settle
ment. But Constantinople, in so far
as it has any national character, Is
Turkish. On the other hand, the
demand that the expulsion of the
Turk from Europe ought to be con-
summated by dislodging him from
Constantinople is backed by deep
rooted historic sentiment. However,
the unfortunate complication must
not be left out Of account that the
Sultan is regarded by the Moslems
Of North Africa, Western Asia and
India as the temporal head Of Islam
-as Caltph. Since the sixtsenth
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08

century the Ottoman Caliphate has
neen associated with Constnntinople.
temporal sovereignty is essential to
the conception, as the Caliph is,
above all, the defender Of the Mus
sulman faith.
The Turk has forfeited every
claim for sympathy or indulgence.
But with the balance of Europe still
unsettled Britain and France cam
not afford to run the danger of a
confiagratior among the millions of
their Mahometan SUBJ bjects; and there
is substantial reason to believe that
the election of the Sultan from
Stamboul would explode the powder
magazine of Mahometan discomfort.
The suggestion is put forward in
England that the Sultan should be
left at Constantnoplc and in pos
session of nominal sovereignty
This expedient might allay Mussul-
man susceptibilities as to the Cali
phate; it would not involve Turkish
rule OF any non-Turkish territory or
of the strait. Moreover, in Con-
stantinople the doings at the Sublime
Porte that century-old hornets
nest of international intrigue
could be watched much more cffec-
lively than if the Turkish govern
ment were removed to Brusa or
Konia.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
The City's Disgrace

One would think that snow was a
new and unforeseen calamity upon
our city's streets to read Mayor
Hylan's despairing call for help.
That call will be answered by every
New Yorker who can lend aid, we
are confident. The existing blockade
of the streets is insupportable and
must be ended. But no one will
cherish any illusions as to how and
why such condition has befallen
us. There has been comic incompe-
tence by the city administration and
there has been obvious neglect by the
streetcar lines Of their contract obli-
cations.
The result has been to tie UP the
city as it has not been tied up since
the 1883 blizzard. Country trolleys in
the suburbs resumed their schedules
while New York surface cars were
still stalled. Yet the storm offered
no especially difficult conditions for
the street cleaners. There was no
extremely low temperature; the snow
fell steadily and was over. In the
Mitchell administration there would
lave been little or no inconvenience
for any one. The new method of
using the sewers for snow DISPOSAL
was developed to a high degree of
perfection and the whole problem
was studied and prepared against in
detail. In this year of Hylanesque
large words and small performance
there were not even tire chains fts.
the trucks. There was neither plan
nor purpose. The city authorities
simply sat down as if New York I
was backwoods town and waited
for the neighbors and the sun to
clear the way.
AS for the surface car lines. the
idea seemed to be that the Hvlan |
buses ought to do the work. Ger
talnly the obligation to keep the car
lines clear Of snow was very tardily
and imperfectly fulfilled. The city's
travellers received another demon
stration Of the joys of the fve-cent
fare and the delights of bankruptcy
as an aid to public service and con-
venience.
Altogether, it is a long time since
New Workers have been obliged to
feel as thoroughly ashamed of their
clty's failure in its primary obliga-
tons to its citizens.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
The heAssembly Problem,
Two Letters Presenting the
Opposing Views


Sir: The Tribune has been the o1e
commentator to keep the real issue to
the front in discussing the exclusion
of the Socialists from the Legislature.
From the beginning you have consist
emily pointed out that both the tech
nical and the substantial justification
of the proceedings depends on the fun
damental question whether the sus-
pended members are or are not in fact
Reds" Until this question is an
swered it is premature to say that the
Constitution has been violated.
1t should be obvious that if these
five men are committed to the doc
trine that political changes should be
accomplished by violence they are out
of place in group of lawmakers, and
no legislator who takes his duty Sc
riously can afford to waste time in at
tempting to cooperate with them. How
ever sudden and arbitrary the method
of dealing with them appeared, the only
persons wronged were the one hun
dred and forty-odd Assemblymen COM
PEELED to vote in the dark, and not the
suspended members, or their constitu-
ents, who had violated the compact i'm
piled in the Constitution by electing
representatives pledged to overthrow
1T. On the other hand, if these men
still believe in constitutional political
methods their exclusion must be held
grossly violative of fundamental Amer
tcan principles, no matter how obnox-
ious their other political views may
be to the majority of Americans, In
that event, even their suspension dur
ing investigation "a procedure which
might be justified in some cases. in
spite Of the outcome, like the incar-
ceration without bail of man accused
of murder in the first deeree) will
probably turn out to have been an
abuse of power, because there was no
crisis or imminent public danger, So
clalists of a similar stripe (some of
the same individuals, in fact) having
been suffered in the Legislature for a
number Of years.
The evidence so far produced ap-
pears weak, and the conduct of the in
vestigators, as reported, may not seem
to us sufficiently judicial; but the is
sue itself is plain and the hearings
are not yet finished. The Tribune de-
serves public gratitude for its lessons
in clear thinking.
ROBERT Nee. MARSH.
New York, February 6, 1920.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
By John Spargo

incapable of efficient functoning Soviet
government can be diagramed and
made TO appear, on paper, very much
better adapted to the needs of a COM
plex industrial society. The same type
of mind is allured by artificial and arbi-
trary schemes and systems of all kinds,
such as systems of human stirpiculture,
new forms of family life, methods of
feeding. currency systems, and so on.
From people possessing minds of this
type and plenty of cash come most of
those curious books propounding new
and elaborately devised schemes for re-
making society which start out by
putting aside as of no consequence the
whole past history of mankind and all
the strongest forces of human nature.
There is d godliNe detachment in the
attitude of these cold-blooded supermen:
they seem to say. Come, let US remake
mankind and the world according to our
mai -
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08

single tax and socialism are among the
many constructive movements which
have thus been advanced
Another fairly definite group included
IN this class Of rich pro- Bolshevists
differs from the religious type simply
IN the source of their exaggerated emo
tional sensibility. Religion in the for
NAL sense is lacking as a causative
factor: their hyperesthesia is of secu-
lar origin. In this group, as in the
others, women greatly outnumber men,
though the disparity of numbers is not
so great as in the religious group. A
very important factor in the psychology
of this group is what, for slack of bet
ter term. may be called the impatient
reaction from experienced disillusion-
ment.
Ardent idealists, deeply stirred by the
poverty and sufferings of the poor, and
by the injustice too often meted out to
the workers in the conflict of the classes,
they have tried, through settlement work
and other on-revoutionary agencies,
to bring about better conditions. Even
where their work, when seen in proper
perspective, has been admirably effective
and successful, they have experienced
crushing and bitter sense Of failure and
disappointment. 1t is ever thus with the
reformer: the effect of the outpouring
of the whole energy of single life is
so microscopic and imponderable; the
fair ideal seems, after a lifetime spent
in its quest, as far away as ever. Such
disillusionment brings state of depres-
sion and exaggerated sensibility, the
most fertile soil for desperate sugges-
tions confrmatory of, or logically devel-
oping, their mood. In this state of mind
they are easily persuaded that daring
and drastic revolutionary practices are
imperative. They are easily persuaded,
too, that "things cannot be worse"
Political methods with their innumera-
bic compromises, delays, intrigues and
deceptions, exasperate such persons and
they are readily converted to direct
action" 80
The R0nanticists
There remains the intellectually hetero-
geneous group composed of individuals
who belong to none of the foregoing
classifcations. Some are simple roman
ticists, always living in dream world
Of their own, ignoring realities and
governed in their actions by abstract
ideas and ideals: War is wrong. there
fore let US end it by making the fight
ing men see that they are doing wrong;
let us get the men out of the trenches
and send them home. We believe in the
brotherhood of man, therefore let us
urge the intermarriage of negroes and
whites. 1t was rich Northern woman
OF this type who proposed to go into
the Southern states to wipe out the dis
tinctions which keep the children of a
common Father apart" In her reckless
ness she was ready to make terrible
experiment upon the life Of a great ma
ton, to risk the most disastrous conse-
quences.
Others in this heterogeneous group are
innately rebellious spirits, instructive
aYerchists Is II ~sre, who can recognize
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
The Kaiser at Biorkoe

Publications by the Bolsheviki in
1917 revealed the existence of an
offensive and defensive alliance be-
tween Germany and Russia, con-
cluded in 1905 by the Kaiser and
Car personally on the formers
visit OIL board the Russian imperial
yacht Pole Star, off Bjorkoe, in
the Gulf of Finland. In state
ment, published posthumously, Count
Witte asserted that the conclusion
of this treaty constituted, on the
part Of Gar Nicholas, a deliberate
betrayal of Russia's ally, France.
DR.. Dillon, the Russian correspond
ent of "The Daily Telegraph and
one of the leading authorities on
Russia, supports Count Whites
charge in his book, "The Eclipse of
Russia" published in 1918.
Another Russian statesman, Count
Alexander Iswolsky, at one time
Russian Foreign Minister and up to
the revolution Russian Ambassador
to France, now undertakes to de
fend the Cars memory against this
grave accusation. Writing in the
January "Fortnightly Review"
lsWolsky quotes the celebrated series
of "Willy-Nicky" kilograms with
which the Kaiser cndeavored by
alternating promises, hattery and
veiled threats to undermine the
weak-willed Cars loyalty to France
and secure his adherence to the Ger
man policy. Iswolsky analyses the
Cars desolate state of mind after
the crushing defeat inflicted by
Japan and the Kaiser's effort to
attribute this disaster to the in
trlgues Of England. Finally, he lays
stress on the circumstances of the /
BJorkoe meeting itself, describing in
detail how the Kaiser ambushed the |
Gar with his unannounced visit,
first making sure that neither
the then Russian Foreign Minister,
Count Lamsdorff, nor any other of
the Cars diplomatic advisers would
be present.
The dominating personality of
Wilhelm affected the weak-willed |
Nicholas as the snakes stare affects
4 rabbit. Cornered in a solitary in
tcrYiew, Nicholas could not resist !
the fascination and signed on the
dotted line. Within few minutes
the Kaiser was gone with his booty.
Iswolsky groups his defence of the
Gar under two headings: First !
that the alliance was in fact directed
against England, not France; sec
ond, that the Gar was imposed upon
and bullied into signing. AS to the
first, the evidence adduced seems in
conclusive. True, the last clause of
the treaty provided that Russia
should make the terms of the agree
ment known to France; but the point
is that this clause was never exc
cuted. The fact that the Kaiser had
planned to exploit the alliance
against England as we'll is irrele-
want. On the other hand, there is
every reason to accept Iswolsky's
second claim, that Wilhelm took adj
vantage of his cousins weak char
acter and virtually hypnotized him
into an act which nevertheless re-
mains inexcusable. This version fits
only too accurately into the estab-
lished conception of both personali-
ties. Iswolsky's effort does not clear
the Gear, but it furnishes a most
interesting human document.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08

the presence Of no authority, law or
binding custom without feeling an over
powering resentment and passion to
defy it. Finally, there are the neuras-
themes whose mental nerves require the
constant excitation of novelty, precisely
as others require the excitation of al
coholic exhilaration, and those who
similarly crave the stimulus derived
from notoriety. These last find their
contacts with revolutionary agitations
an easy way into the headlines of the
daily press.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
The Par[or Bo[sheuist
These extracts by loyal Socialist the movement
The Psychology of Boshepn recently published BY Harper Brothers,

Testifying before committee of the
Senate of the United States, one of the
best known of the American pro-Bo
shevist intellectuals is reported to have
said that the Bolsheviki can always
readily obtain funds for their propa-
ganda from rich, idle women who have
nothing else to do. The cold cynicism
of this remark deserves to be classed
with Lenine's famous statement, at the
third Soviet conference, among one
hundred so-called Bolsheviki there is one
real Bolshevik. with thirty-nine Grim
inals and sixty FOOLS
The association Of men and women
of great wealth with such a propa-
but not exceptionally unusual. A few
years ago it was observed that a num-
ber of rich society women devoted such
sympathetic attention to the |. W. w
that it almost became society fad The
|. ". w. leaders were quite at home
IN the drawing rooms Of Fifth Avenue
and were familiar figures at house par
ties on the fashionable Massachusetts
North Shore
Notwithstanding the cynical testimony
before the Committee of the United
States Senate, already quoted, it would
be a serious mistake to conclude that
Bolshevism is only subsidized by fad
seeking women of the idle rich class.
On the contrary, some Of the women
who give their money to sustain the
propaganda of such movements as
Anarchsm, Syndicalism and Bolshevism
are serious and high-minded women of
splendid intelligence and character. They
are in no sense of the term society
butterflies; they are not inferior in
character or general intelligence to the
women of the same class who support
churches, missions and charities. They
are, moreover, quite as careful and as
conscientious in spending their money
Hyperesthesia Common
In this numerically small class are in
cluded several distinct types. With per-
haps one exception, hyperesthesia is
common to all of them. The exception
consists of Unconditional individuals,
creatures of pure intellect, whose minds
work with mechanical precision and
regularity. A cynical contempt for
minds which are less exact, or which are
Influenced by sentiment, is common to
these super-intellects. Generally, they are
Grass materialists. =. The type is hard,
dried up, brilliant and capable of great
callousness and cruelty. Minds of this
cold, mechanically exact type are often
remorselessly analytical, and they find
constant exercise in the dissection of
social institutions, laws and customs, in
exposing the multitudinous imperfec-
tions of these and in devising perfectly
working substitutes for them. They are
natural born Utopia-makers. Spurning
sentiment, Indifferent to traditions, care
less of others feelings, they take into
account every fact but one, namely,
life, as Emerson said Of Robert Owen
and his associates.
To such minds democracy, even at its
best must appear crude. ll-vorking and
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08

To the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir: The Tribune continues to boil
ster up its case in behalf of the So
cialists while refusing to take up the
gage against the real menace, which
Is socialism of the present-day type.
A great many Socialists have left
their party in the past few years;
some converted by the sad spectacle
of government operation now being
staged and others convinced that the
party has become corrupt beyond the
possibility of reform A few honest
ones, more honest than wise, among
whose number is Mr.. Debs, remain the
strongest props of the otherwise rot
ten structure. Misguided honesty can
do more harm than the cleverest of
rascality al times-witness Mr.. Taft
and his attitude on the league of ma
tions
The Tribune has much to say on
the subject of free speech. What are
we to understand by free speech?
AS practiced by Americans from time
lmmemorlal it is .assuredly an instith-
tlon that should be cherished and pro-
tected as devotedly as liberty itself.
But of late it has been subject to
abuse.
Free speech is a weapon and a tool
and, like them, can be turned into an
instrument of destruction. It is q
medicine and tonic, but it can be-
come poison or a drug in the hands
of moral alteration. To us Americans.
nurtured in liberty and free speech, it
mas been a privilege of inestimable
benefit; but not so to the uneducated
and unsympathetic foreigner, who has
come to our shores handicapped by a
training of repression and stagnation.
AS administered to him it becomes too
often the drug or the poison. His un-
sklllful hands cannot use it as wea-
pom or tool, but when they have been
taught to employ it at all it is to de-
stroy rather than to construct, to con-
quer rather than to defend.
We face situation which we of to-
day must solve. Shall we by maudin
lip service to q phrase sit back in
supine hypocrisy while the stranger
within our gate learns our language in
terms Of anarchy, riot and revolution i?
SHERMAN GRAY HICKOX.
Waterbury, Conn.,, February S, 1920.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
Promise and Performance

fFrons The Kansds City Joar,sal)
Attorney General Palmer would make
a highly popular candidate for the
Presidency if he had reduced the high
cost of living instead of simply prom
ising to. 1t may be argued in Mr..
Paimer's behalf that bringing down
the cost Of living was not within his
power-then why did he exploit that
issue SO industriousIy?
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
Radical VS. Radical

(From The st. Losis Post-DiSpatch)
There is, and can He, nothing in COM
mon between the Communists and Com
munist Labor party Ind the I. W. WIS,
according to that Interesting old re-
dictionary, Bill Haywood.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
Words

From To-Day)
COULD /, without weak words that
fret and grieve,
Fashion of singing airs and living light
The invisible fabric that the swallows
weave
At sunset in their interlacing fight
A sheer imperishable ecstasy
To clothe YOUR spirit in viewless, sing
ing fire,
Then should l labor to my hearts de-
sire,
Nor fear to wrong your spirits har-
m0n'' 4lass
But have only words, words born in
stress
And travail for your spirits loveliness,
Yet may not my dark syllables in their
flight
Through other minds weave out Of song
and light
The fabric of my dream, that all men
Your spirits beauty through eternity1
WILFRID WILSON GIBSON
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
Christian Ascetics

A much more numerous group in this
class is composed of men and women
the latter being the more numerous, in
whom hyperesthesia takes the form of a
modified Christian asceticism They are
morbidly sensitive of the privileged posi-
tion they occupy as result of the pos
session of wealth they have not earned
and feel keen sense of personal re-
sponsibility for the existence of the ills
which attend the production of the
wealth they possess, especially poverty
and its i'll effects upon the wage-earners
and their families. Philanthropy can
not satisfy minds of this order.
Recognition of these facts and a pro-
found social consciousness are admira-
Bile and praiseworthy. The sincere
Christian who consecrates his or her
wealth to bring society to the Christian
ideal is all too rare in the world to-
day and merits praise and reverence
But the problem which this presents to
the individual is exceedingly intricate
and difficult, as Tolstoy, among others
found. The advice given by Jesus to the
rich young man to sell all he had and
give the proceeds to the poor, however
we'll suited to the particular case, is not
solution of the problem as it presents
itself to the average rich man or
That persons of this type should sup
port the propaganda of Bolshevism and
similar cults in this country is perfectly
natural. They are dangerous in proper
tion to the wealth and the social inf1u-
ence they possess. Yet they are only
differentiated by indetinable and almost
imperceptible degrees of sensibility and
suggestibility from an extremely impor-
tant and useful social group, men and
women of wealth and social influence
who, keenly aware of the evils which be-
set modern society, and earnestly and
intelligently seeking to serve the COM
mon good, devote their wealth and their
influence to the furtherance Of we'll
considered social reforms and programs
Of social reconstruction. Women's trade
unionism, movements for equal suffrage.
child labor legislation, housing reform.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
The Peak of Ambition

fFrom The Chicago Daily Ners>
Doubtless in the next generation fond
mothers will encourage pet sons so to
live that they may become MT President
but Americas first movie actor.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
SUBSCRIPTION RATES--Ey MAIL Including
Postage. IN THE UNITED STATES AND
GUARANTY

vsu purchase merchandise ADVERTISED In THE
TRIBUNE with absolute safety-for II dissettsfac.
ton rssults In any case TIE TRIBUNE guarantees
to pay your back upon rcauest.- No rod taps.
No auibblIna. We make good promptly II the
advertiser docs not
New-York tribune., 1920-02-08
Still Guessing

(From The Ph3adelphio Press,
Trying to and tut to which party
Herbert Hoover bspngs-if he belongs
to any party-is g4pd sport, but nobody
hAs made any hits h the game.