The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-10-20
ELECT HARDING,
Is ROOTS CALL
Continued from, First Page.

Continued from, First Page.
purpose OF agreeing upon the terms OF
peace to be offered to Germany and her
Allies. Tho terms were agreed upon
were communicated 10 the Germans and
after some slight notifications, produced
by their protests. were included In q
treaty signed by the Allied and Asso-
ciated Powers on one side and Germany
on the other on the 2Sth OF June. 1918
In this treaty were included series
Of provisions called "A covenant OF the
League OF Nations These provisions
did not form any part OF contract be-
tween the Allied and Associated Powers
and Germany, but formed a contract OF
the Allied and Associated Powers with
each other. none OF the Central Powers
being made members of the proposed
league, although provision was made Tor
the adherence of neutral powers which
had not been engaged in the war. The
general scheme Of the proposed league
was that there was to be a council
meeting from time to time composed OF
representatives of the five principal
Allied and Associated Powers and OF four
ether members OF the league. When
controversy arose between members
of the league and was not submitted to
council which was 70 investigate and
make a report containing statement
or the facts and its recommendations.
All parties agreed not TO go to war until
three months after the award OF arbi-
traitors or the report OF the council
which was to be made within six months
otter the submission OF the dispute.
Would BE Act OF War.
IF the report was unanimous excep'
as to the disputing nations the parties
agreed not to go to war at all with any
other party complying with the recon-
nendations Of the report. country
violating these stipulations against max
nag war pending the consideration or
the case or upon party which COM
Piled With a unanimous recommended
ton OF the Council was to be deemed to
have committed an act of war against
all members of the league. Such u
country was to be subject to an economic
boycott and deprived OF all financial.
commercial or personal intercourse will,
the members Of the league. The Coun-
Gil was to recommend TO the several
governments concerned what effective
s.ilitary naval or air force the menu
bers should severally contribute to tho
armed forces to be used TO protect the
covenants OF the league.
Assembly, to be composed of repre-
sentative OF every member Of the league.
and any dispute might be transferred
b. party from the Council to the AS
senbly for consideration, report ard
recommendation. with the same effect as
If the dispute had been left with the
Council. There were many other incl
dental provisions, but these which /
have mentioned in Articles XIV. and
<vT Of the covenant contain the gisL
OF the whole soneme
1T viii be perceived that this plan
relied upon the effect of four things
taken together to prevent war
First, upon delay to afford time for
Investigation and for passions to cool
and sober Judgment TO prevail.
Second upon having the facts ascer-
timed and determined and made public
to all the world so that the misundel :
standings and receptions under which
the people OF country are so often led
70 consent to war may be obyiated.
Third, upon having a fairly repre-
sentative body not party 10 the dis
puta express publicly responsible ana
ln;ltured opinion as to how the cor1tro-
versy ought to be Settled. and thus bring
to bear upon the action of the parties
the well informed opinion OF the civ
ilizcd world.
Fourth. II any party 20 the agree-
rrent were to violate II by making war
without the stipulated delays necessary
for arbitration or investigation and re-
port or were to make war In VIOLA
ton OF the unanimous opinion of the
other nations. then upon the practical
outlawry Of that party from the advan-
tages OF trade. commerce and customary
intercourse with the members OF thu
Society OF Nations, with all the conse-
ouences flowing from such sn out
lawry.
Agreement rs to Arms.
'.There were other more or lees Incl
dental provisions. One provided thai
there should be a future agreement as
70 disarrnament--a matter which mani
.estly could not have been determined
upon Mt that time. Another provided
for future report by the Council OF
a pian for a Court OF International
Justice. Under that an effort IS now
being made to cure the marked weak
ness OF the covenant on one side OF inter-
national law and judicial or arbitral
decisions on questions Of legal right.
Another provided for an international
labor organization. Another provided.
Tor the administration OF government IN
backward States by mandatories until
the Inhabitants should be ready 10
maintain orderly government them
selves.
There was also q provision standing
by itself quite outside Of the general
scheme OF the league for the Drcser-
walton Of peacc ard forming no part Of
that scheme. but creating Independently
of II a hard and fast alliance between
the members OF the league TO preserve
In perpetuty the territorial and polid-
cal status quo as IL was determined upon
by the conference at Paris and Included
In the treaty signed In June. 1919. Ii
was in the following words. Article X:
1.-The members Of the league under
tako to respect and preserve as against
external aggression the territorial In.
tegrity and existing political indepen-
dence OF all members % the league.
In case of any such aggression or In
case OF any threat or danger OF such
aggression. the Council shall advise
upon the means by which this obiiga-
ton shall be fulfilled
"Tt will be perceived that this obliga-
ton had nothing 70 do with any delay
or Investigation or report or recommen-
dation. or with the public opinion Of
the world at the time OF the future
controversy. 1. was an Independent
obligation upon each member OF tho
league to enforce for all future time
the decisions OF the conference OF 1919,
which was then parcelling out the vast
regions OF Eastern Europe among vari-
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