davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10
WHERE DO THE NEW WORDS
COME FROM.

Where do all our new words come from.
both the feeble vocables destined to an
carly death and the verbal entities lively
enough to force themselves into the
vocabulary? Who makes them? How are
they made? These are questions to which
1t is often difficult to find an answer.
Sometimes We know who made a word,
why he made It. where ne made n, and
when he made II. Huxley manufactured
aSnostic. from Greek root, intending
1t to be more accurate description Of
his own attitude toward inherited religious
belief than positivist; It was aptiy and
correctly formed; 1t was needed; it was
Immediately adopted both by his friends
and his foes; and from English it has
made its way into most modern languages.
But where did Jazz come from? Who
was responsible for this fit name for
misf1t music? And when was it that some
person or persons to us unknown had
happy inspiration and described synco-
pated measures as rag-tine2 We can
make a guess that pep is a curtailing
Of pepper and that boob is only a short
ened BOBBY: but why is a recently in
ted combination Of ice cream and fruit
syrup known as a sundae? And why Is
this name not more simply spelled either
sunday or sundy? Why was the armored
tractor WHICH nelpeu powerfully " VIII
the war entitled a tank? Here indeed is
an instance Of the way in which an old
word is sometimes applied to a new thing
in spite of the fact that it is not at all
a good name for the invention. There is
no likeness at all between a receptacle
for liquids (which was the only meaning
of tank five years ago) and caterpillar
tractor, steel-clad and bristling with guns
(which is what tank means to-day even
though 1t retains also its earlier
significance).
A score of years ago, during the war in
South Africa We we're made familiar
with the verb to commander. need
less novelty. since the English language
already had it's exact equivalent into
requisition, and during the recent war
were called upon to accept another new
verb. to prof1teer, framed on the model
Of commander tperhaps with some
memory also of prvateer) and almost as
unnecessary as commander. since we
might have brought into general use the
law-tern to forestall. But forestall does
not suggest all that we think VIC recog-
nize in profiteer: and a new word jrstines
its creation even when 1t conveys only
slight difference in meaning-brander
Matthews in Harpers Magazine for June
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10
SPOONFUL OF RADIUM


From the Seattle Post lntelligencer)
The death Of Joseph M. Flannery, Of
Pittsburgh internationally known as the
leading producer of vanadium and radium,
brings to mind the fact that America now
supplies the world with that strangest
of all metals. Until a few years ago most
of the worlds radium was produced in
Europe. While this country had vast de-
posits of pitchblende, from which the salts
of radium are extracted, the ores were
khiuped across the ocean for treatment.
That method of procedure has been chang
ed. and largely through the efforts OF Mr..
Flannery, as head of the Standard Chem
ical Co, OF Pittsburgh.
few months ago Mr.. F1annery' IN
an address before the congress OF the
American College of Surgeons. said that
the annual output of radinm amounts TO
about a tablespoonful. This quantity OF
radium salts weighs about an ounce ana
is valued at $3,500O0O. 1t Is worth approx
imately 10000 times more than gold.
The increasing uses Of radium in med
ical practice make 1t the most important
and interesting Of curative agents In
proportion to its bulk II gives on an enor-
nous amount Of energy and in producing
the marvellous chemical. physiological, lu-
minous, thermal and electrical enects
there Is no appreciable loss in weight
The ounce of radium produced every year
is a permanent possession of mankind
and probably will last forever. The eman-
atoms are capable of destroying the ger
minative power Of seeds, of checking the
growth Of mioro-organisms, Of affecting
Photographic plates placed in opaque en-
velopes and of performing a score Of
other wonders. No man can say at pres
| emit what it's limitations are in the felt
Of medicine and surgery.
One Of the most curious Of properties
az xzdium u, the -apparent eubstantiatioE
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10
GRADES FOR POTATOES
ONIONS
AND

Proper distribution of farm products
requires, first Of all. that a common I'M
Outstanding exist as the basis Of negotia-
tions between producers and purchasers.
The Bureau Of Markets. United States
Department Of Agriculture. is endeavor-
ing to bring this about by the recommen-
dation of grades for fruits and vegeta-
bles No. potatoes should be No.
potatoes throughout the United States
and not, as at present, No. Q potatoes in
one section of the country and No. /
somewhere else.
During the war period the United
States Food Administration required
licensed dealers to use government pota-
to grades. The results were so salts
factory that when the regulation was
Cancelled the use of grades to large
extent was continued voluntarily. In
fact, since that time a higher grade has
been demanded to provide for produce
Of higher quality.
Therefore the Bureau of Markets now
recommends United States grade fancy
in addition to grades No 1 and No. 9
Grade fancy consists Of sound potatoes
Of one variety which are MATURE bright.
smooth, we'll shaped. free from dirt or
| other foreign matter. frost injury, sun
burn. second growth, growth cracks.
cuts. scab, blight. soft rot. dry rot. and
damage caused by disease, insects, or
mechanical or other means The range
| in size shall be stated in terms Of mini
mum and maximum diameter or weight
| following the grade name, but in no case
shall the diameter be less than inches.
| In order to allow for variations incident
to commercial grading and handling, 5
per cent by weight of any lot may vary
from the range in size stated. and, in
addition, 3 per cent by weight of any
such lot may be below the remaining re-
quirements Of this grade. but not more
than one-third Of such 3 per cent; that is
to say. not more than ! per cent by
weight Of the entire lot may have the
flesh injured by soft rot.
Complete particulars regarding United
States potato grades are contained in De-
partment Circular 96 which will be mail
ed free upon request to the Bureau Of
Markets.
The Bureau Of Markets also recon-
mends grades as standard for grading
and marketing Bermuda onions in the
United States. These grades are the re-
suit Of an investigation by the bureau
covering a period of four years Full
information regarding them is contained
in Department Circular 81, which will
also be sent free upon request to the
Bureau Of Markets.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10

The expected has happened in the de-
.islon of tho Supreme Court Of the United
States holding the nationa! prohibition
amendment and the volstead act to b
constitutional This decision following that
eliminating the idea Of the necessity Of
y referendum for the ratification Of ne
constitutional amendment seems to e,ear
the judicial atmosphere completely reia-
two to prohibition and woman suffrsgA
II now remains to be seen what part these
sccisions Will take in our national and
State politics
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10
HOW TO TRANSPLANT
How to Prevent the Seedlings from,
WitherinEL1Yme for Trnnspinntiny

When you dig up a plant from a box
hotbed. or a row In a garden and set
1t out in q new place you transplant it,
IL you are to be really good gardener,
you will need to know how to transplant
several Of your crops in such way that
they will grow.
You drop seed into the open drill
You cover it with soil. The rain waters
il. The sun warns IT, The seed sprouts
into seeding that sends out roots be-
low the surface and a shoot above the
surface. When the Seeding has been
growing for a few days it becomes con
nected with soil particles by hundreds of
tiny rootlets and thousands of root hairs
If you dig up your seedlings most of
these rootlets and nearly all of the root
hairs will be broken off. This is. of
course. a shock to the plant. II stops
growing because food materials that
have been coming through the root hairs
and rootlets are no longer sent up. a
new lot of these must be developed for
growth to continue.
One of the ways to prevent this injury
is to grow the seedlings in flower pot
or something similar in which the roots
will develop in a compact space. Then
the Seeding can be carefully taken out,
or If the receptacle is of paper the whole
may be set directly in the soil. The paper
will soon rot away.
The great trouble in transplanting is
that the Seeding willis. This is because
the water evaporates from the leaves
and no water comes in through the roots
to replace that which evaporates. 1t
helps to have lots of water in the plant
when It b dug up. So the soil in which
the seedlings are growing should be
soaked a few hours before they arc dug
mp.
The hotter the sunshine tho more rapid
" does evaporation take place. So 1t is
desirable to transplant on a cloudy,
moist day, or else in the late afternoon
The greater the leaf surface the larger
the amount of water evaporated. So II
is often desirable to remove the larger
leaves, or cut them through the middle.
This is a great help in letting the plant
get hold in its new position.
1t Is, Of course, necessary that there
should be plenty of moisture in the soil
IIabout the roots. So to be sure of this
we may pour water before transpfanting
into the hole where the plant is to go
or we may pour water on the surface after
| it Is set out. On q larger scale we will be
| sure the soil Is freshly titled.
| 1t is important that the soil particles
be directly in contact with the roots.
| This will enable the root!es and root hairs
| to get moisture more easily. So in set
ting out the seedlings we should press
the soil down firmly with the hands
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10
THE GARDENS POWERFUL ALLIES

Diseases caused by fungi and bacteria
kill many insects, such as the house ny.
grasshopper. and squash bug.
Parasitic insects.-Some insects are so
small that they lay eggs inside the bodies
Of other insects. The eggs hatch and
the larvae develop within the body Of
the host. An insect that Is parasitized
can not reach the adult stagt.
Predacious insects.-Wasps. lady bugs,
tiger beetles, DEVILS riding horse, dragon
files are only a few of the many insects
that feed entirely on other insects.
Spiders.-Spiders use various methods
to catch their insect food. The web
weaving spiders build webs to entangie
their prey. Ono thread Of the web rs
made. inelastic- and the other thread Is
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10
BURLINGTON THROUGH ARTISTIC


The beauties Of Burlington and Of Lake
Champlain have been sung in many keys
by host Of admirers. The praises of
this section Of Vermont have been chant
ed in both poetic prose and stately verse
One Of the most satisfying testimonials to
tbe beauty of Burlingtons scenic environ
ment and one which gives US a vivid
picture Of earlier life in this community.
b that contained in volume entitled
'Lettes from Landscape Painter" BY
Charles Lanman. This entertaining book,
which was written in 1874, has local inter-
est not only on account of it's subject
matter dealing with we'll known citizens Of
Burlington personally, but also by rea-
son Of its dedication to the Hon. George
Perkins Marsh. long distinguished Bur-
lingtonian, on account Of the authors re-
gard for him "as a statesman, a scholar
and lover of the fine arts" From this
volume, for a view of which we are in
debted to the Hon. Seneca Haselton, We
reproduce in part the chapter headed
burlington" as follows:
"of all the towns which have over
seen, Burlington in Vermont is decidedly
the most beautiful It stands on the shore
Of Lake champlain. and from the water
To Its eastern extremity is a regular Gle.
walton. which rises to the height Of some
three hundred feet. It's streets are broad
and regularly laid out, the generality Of
it's buildings Is elegant and its inhabitants
educated, refined and wealthy. NY visit
here is about to close. and ] cannot hut
follow the implses OF my heart, by giving
you a brief account of its principal pic
turesque attractions and some informa-
ton concerning a few of its public men.
"As a matter of course my first subject
Is Lake Champlain. In approaching IL
from the south. and particularly from
Horizon. one is apt to form a wrong opin-
ion Of it's picturesque features; but one
can not pass through it without being
lavish in its praise. 1t extends in a
straight line from south to north some
what over a hundred miles, and lies be-
tween the States of Vermont and New
York. 1t is the gateway between the
country on the st. Lawrence and that OF
the Hudson. and is therefore extensively
navigated by vessels and steamboats, TIL,
steamer Burlington. Captain Sherman. i.
PROFESSIONALLY the finest boat in thu
Union; not on account of its size but con
hdering the admirable discipline will
which 1t is commanded.
Owing to the width of the lake a
Burlington. and the beauty of the west
ern mountains. the sunsets that are her
visible are exceedingly superb. o that
could strike the Tyre Of tho poet. that
might celebrate In song some Of thos
which have transported my spirit To tn
realms Of bliss!
"rhe ciarsic associations Of this LAX
are uncommoniy interesting. Here are tn
snoss-covercA ruins Of Tioondrogs IN,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10
'FOR THOSE NASTY SUMNER COLDS"

An Irritating bronchial cough preaNs
your sleep and lowers strength a"u
vitality. Faley's Honey and Tar soo.n.'
and heals raw. inflamed memprane.'
stops tickling In throat. eases s.u,. S,,
wheezy breathing and is the best rem.u'
for all colds, coughs. Group ana "n Cn,,-
Ing cough Captains no opates, urch
dren Ike It, J. w. o'sullivan. W Cnu''"
St-adu
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10

Aside from their economic importanc
nirds should be protected because of II
JOY they bring into human life.
Bats ABats, like toads. are busy du
ing the evenings and nights, catchir
their insect food.
Ra'n and Snow.-Rain and snow fir.
freezing on plants and then meltin
break up and wash away many insect
eggs laid on the branches and stems
the plants.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10
A DREAM RUDELY DIsPELLED

tFrom the Indianapolis News)
Some day there will be plenty o.
COAL prices will he lower. the gal
company will not curtail it's supply
potatoes will DO fifty cents a bushe
a mans suit can be purchased for SD
pair of shoes will-gee. there goeI
the alarm clock!
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10
OCCUPATION

One of the oldtime colored citizens, OF
being asked how he was making out, re
piled in this fashion: well, sub; time
is mighty tight wild me- but ! managed
ter make Twin by dom a little plowin'
little votin' and a little baptizin"-
Frank l., Stanton in Atlanta Constitu
ton.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10
WANTED

when YOU want anything. advertise in the
epcciai column OF thi5 paDcr. Soc rag two
Sonic bargains are offered there this week
Which il vii! pay yoJ to read about.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10

The WEEKLY FREE PRESS, three esnte
per copy. rs cents for six months, $i'oV pe'
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Advertisements and subscriptions resolved
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Accounts cannot be opened for supSosw
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Remittance at the risk OF the SUBSCRIBER
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II the paper is a sufficient receipt FOR the
FIRST subscription.
when a change OF address is desired, ooth
the old and new addresses should be gwen
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1920-06-10

TERMS .... s1.5o q year in advance
RATE IN CANADA:
WEEKLY . $500 q year In advance
FREE PRESS ASSOCIATION. Publishers'
Burlington. VI.
BURLINGTON. VT. JUNE 10. 1920
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1920-01-22
GREAT WESTERN co.

Established In Seattle % years
ago as an agency for the forward
ing of raw materials to- Eastern
concerns, but having developed q
manufacturing plant, the products
of whose furnaces during the last
year was the outpouring Of enough
refined non-ferrous metals to make
a staunch life line along the coasts
from Seattle to New York. by the
way of the Panama Canal. the
Seattle branch of the Greeat West
ern Smelling and Refining Com.
pany, Ninth Ave. So. and Holgate,
is another industry that has more
than justified its founders vision
of and confidence in the North Pa
cific Coast country.
Using for it's raw materials car
load lots Of metal-copper, zinc,
lead, tin, antimony, aluminium and
materials which range from fruit
Jar covers to great brass castings
of mighty locomotives the com
pany now pours from its furnaces
the finest of non-ferrous metals,
such as Rabbits, Soldiers, Type
Metals and Foundry Metals, for
every purpose. 1t has the facili-
ties of completely equipped Ia
boratory for Analysing metals for
patrons and for testing formulas
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1920-01-22

power and did not require the
hard labor of the hand machine.
Another machine of large cutting
capacity was the Textbook. 1t had
saving capacity of about two
hundred thousand COED shingles
per day. At the present time prac-
tically all of these different shin
gle manufacturing machines have
been replaced by the upright shin
gle machine.
After Washington Red Cedar
Shingles were introduced in the
eat, large demand for them was
created. The lasting qualities of
the Red Cedar Single were soon
recognized, hence the Washington
Red Cedar Single industry be-
came an important one, and large
single mills were built on differ
emit points of the railroad lines In
the interior, also on tidewater, and
soon became great freight pro-
ducers for the railroads. Loaded
freight cars from the east were
sent back loaded with shingles and
lumber instead Of being hauled
back empty.
The Washington Red &c r
Single has become very popular
in the last few years not only as
a durable roofing, but also as sid
ing. Some of the very finest homes
are using shingles on the side
walls as well as on garages, etc.
The outlook for Washington Red
Cedar Shingles should be very
good on account Of a large build
ing activity which is undoubtedly
ahead for the next few years.
About twenty-five years ago q
small single mill equipped to saw
single bolts was built at Ballard.
This little plant had capacity of
forty thousand shingles daily. At
the present time 1t has grown until
their present capacity is five hun
dred thousand daily and is better
known as the Motor Single Com
parry; manufacturers Of the emo
tor Brand" Red Cedar Shingles.
The plant of the Motor Single
company is equipped with all the
latest improved machinery, thus
enabling them to produce a high
grade prodsct which finds a ready
market all over the United States
of America and the Orient. Their
annual payroll averages about
$3.50, 0O0.O0
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1920-01-22
HISTORY AND OUTLOOK OF
THE RED CEDAR SINGLE
INnIJSTRY

The Washington Red Cedar was
in its infancy about thirty years
ago. AS there was no demand for
cedar lumber and shingles pre-
vious to that time cedar timber
and cedar logs were practically
worthless.
In the early days most of the
cedar was cut up in the woods in
about four foot lengths and quar-
tered into proper Sizes It was
then hauled to the mills in sleds
and cut into shingles. In those
days most Of the single mills
were located in or adjacent to a
body of cedar timber and were
built on a small scale, consisting
principally of single machines
known as hand machines. A cut
ting capacity Of forty or fifty thou
sand shingles daily was considered
a very good days work. All the
work done on the hand machine
was hand feed and meant a great
deal Of hard work.
In order to have a larger cut
ting capacity the double block
single machine was introduced in
some of the mills, and had a cut
ting capacity of about one hun
dred thousand good shingles per
day. This machine was fed by
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1920-01-22

ham, England. Arthur Lewis, man-
ager Of the local plant, is typical
of the executives Of the whole or
ganization, whose president is but
s5 years old. Fall of pep and
metal" they hare developed q
wonderful industry. worldwide In
sccpe. Service, quality and price
ar~ forever the beacon Of their ef-
fortx.
Tlhe company's growth is striks
ing example Of the practical ap-
plicatIon Of the principles Of econ
omy and thrift; its mighty buS-
ness is founded on saving the
pennies" from the metal scrap
heaps and turning them into real
dollars. Its first five years Gilman
ufacturing business was counted
in thousands of dollars. Now Its
annual business runs into millions.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1920-01-22

from that requiring small, delicate
tools and high mathematical pre-
cision to the forging by steam
hammers of great ship anchors
and chains. In addition many OF
these shops make a regular bust
ness of manufacturing machines
and equipment for use in mining
numbering and other industries
and for the equipment of ships.
Several Of these shops are es-
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1920-01-22

pecially fitted out with the ma
chinery and tools necessary for
the fabrication of structural steel,
or the material which must be laid
out, cut to lengths and shapes,
matched together, bored wit b
holes for the rivets, and then
marked so that when it arrives to
be erected for a steel bridge or
large building it can be put to-
gether just as the engineers inten-
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1920-01-22

it makes to any specification II
white or red metals. First hext
to manufacture non-ferrous met
ais, it is still the only plant in Sc.
attic manufacturing lead and cop.
per and having. a cupola for the
reclamation of all metallic con.
tents, and it stands alone on the
Northwest Pacific Coast in the
manufacture Of refined copper for
brass foundry work.
There is not a machine in mo-
tiun that does not use babbit in
FITS bearings; scarcely a manufao-
tuned article but has in Its makeup
something of non-ferrons metal
the printing trades use thousands
Of tons Of type metal annually and
more. thousands Of tons of refined
metals are consumed by the ship
building industry and big shops
and plants, all growing in NUM-
bers and extent in this territory.
The immensely and diversity of
the country's industry and what it
means to Seattle can thus be re-
allied.
A twenty milIion-dollar corpora.
ton, the Great Western Smelling
& Refining Company, maintains its
headquarters and largest plant in
Chicago. Other plants are located
in st. Louis, San Francisco, Van
couver, B. c., and Rio de Janeiro.
Sales and warehouse offices are in
fourteen Of the principal cities of
this country and one in Birming-
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1920-01-22

JOHN S. McMlLLlN
Pres. & Gen. Mgr.