davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
League of Nations Becomes More And
More Prominent in Campaign Fight;
Parsons Reuot Is A Serious Blo,D

American voter is between going into
the league with reservations and not
going in at all. Harding is and will
be for not going in at ALL
The effect of Mr.. Parsons bolt has
been to stimulate the Democrats to
publicans. many OF whom in their
hearts are absolutely in sympathy
with Herbert Parsons and disappoint-
ed at the Des Moines speech Of Senator
Harding in which he definitely aban-
doned the present League of Nations
with or without reservations or in
terpretations or any obligations what
citation. s
Would Help Cox.
Here in New York where the Inn
portance of the existing league with
its membership Of thirty eight nations
is recognized by many Republican
business men as having a vital relation
ship to the stabilization OF world eco
nomic conditions and the prosperity OF
this country. the action OF Herbert
Parsons will make votes for Cox.
There is disappointment among Re-
publicans that Senator Harding SUR
rendered to Senator's Borah and John
son and threw overheard Senator
Lodge and former Senator Root. Had
Mr.. Harding come out for the present
league with the Lodge reservations a.
he voted a year ago he would have
preserved party harmony. His alli-
aRce with the BorAh- johnson wing Of
the party has disconnected Republi-
cans. The Democrats are cockSurD
the psychological tuning point In the
campaign has come md that the
apathy OF the country viii - Scon-
verted into big moral cruna az euch
~ swept the nation ms 1elt and caueht
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
CONFERENCE OF
OPERATORS
MINERS URGED
Wilson Asks For Such Meet.
ing for Adjustment OF
Wage Inequalities.

Washington. Oct. 12.-President
Wilson today notified representatives
of anthracite miners that he would
request a joint meeting of operators
And miners to be held at Scranton.
Pa, October is for the purpose OF
adjusting any inequalities in the re-
cent wage award.
The president in his message con-
graduated the miners for their
prcmptness in complying with the
award of the anthracite commission
The telegram. addressed to John Col
Hazelton, Pa: c. J. Golden. Shamo-
kin, Pa, and Phillip Murray, interna.
tional vice president of the United
Mine Workers. Indianapolis. said:
II am in receipt of your telegram
advising me that the anthracite min
ers have returned to work in accord
ance with the terms of their agree
ment and asking that I call the repre-
sentatives Of the anthracite operators
and miners into joint conference for
the purpose Of adjusting Inequalities
in the present agreement.
Il congratulate you and the miners
you represent upon the prompt man.
ner in which you have complied with
the award of the anthracite coal com.
mission. am convinced that the
future of collective bargaining de.
pends upon fidelity with which each
side adheres to the terms of theil
contracts. If any inequalities exist ir
an agreement, ! can see no objections
to their being corrected if both side:
can agree upon a'remedy.
''1n compliance with your request
therefore, l will request the represen,
tatives of the anthracite operators ant
miners. and do hereby request then
to meet in joint conference in Scran
! ton. Pa, on Monday. October 1S. a
II a. M. for the purpose of adjusting
any inequalities in their presen
agreement as they may mutually agree
should be adjusted. I am sending {
copy of this telegram to the secretar,
of the joint scale committee of the
anthracite coal field, with a reques
that it be communicated to both oper
atOrs and miners"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
BY David Lawrence.
Copyright 1920 by the Grand Forks
Hcrald) 4

New York, Oct. l2.-Republicans
and Democrats who have been predict
ing that Senator Harding would win
the election unless something hap
pened in October are wondering if
the revolt started by Herbert Parsons,
influential Republican leader here,
against Harding, can possibly be that
something"
The Democrats in 1912 won by a
division in the ranks Of the Republi-
can party They succeeded in 1916
again because they retained the sup
port OF the progressive elements that
had broken away in 1912. The big
lican party will divide definitely into
pro-League Of Nations and anti-league
factions
The announcement by Herbert Par
sons that he must resign as member
of the Republican county committee
and support Governor Cox has pro-
duced almost as much of sensation
as IT former President Taft or Elihu
Root or former Attorney General
Wickersham had withdrawn their sup
port from Harding. The Republican
ism Of Herbert Parsons was unQues-
toned. But he took part In the war
as lieutenant colonel and he is SO
affected by the death and destruction
he saw in Europe that he cannot rec
transcending the preservation Of peace
by, the League of Natiohs
The ISSUE" says MIR. Parsons in his
letter of resignation from the Repub-
lican county committee. .'is not be-
tween the league as Wilson brought 1t
and the league with reservations. The
situation in the senate is such that the
treaty cannot be ratihed In the form in
which Wilson brought 1t. There will
be reservations such az, will relieve
America of obligations. even moral.
under Article x and will render con-
gress wholly free to declare war OF not
in any given case. The issue to the
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
CONDITIONS IN
SOUTH RUSSIA
BAD FOR REDS
Wrangel's Troops Continue :
To Advance North of
Crimea.

London. Oct. 12.-Conditions along
the south Russian front have assumed
a serious aspect for the Bolsheviki,
according to advices received here.
General Baron Wrangel's troops are
continuing to advance north Of Cri-
mea and the Sea of Azov. Nikolaiev,
the principal Russian naval station on
the Black sea is said to have been
captured by anti-Bolsheviki insurg-
ents. Although>an agreement looking
to an armistfce has been reached with
troops are in a position to be rushed
to south Russia, the soviet govern
ment is reported to have made peace
proposals to General Wrangel.
General Lokhovitzy, in command of
anti -Bolshevik forces in Campby,
recently placed his
troops at the disposition of General
Wrangel and now General Semenoff,
who for the past two years has been
fighting the soviet armies in Siberia,
has taken a similar step. :
General Budenny, leader Of Bolshe-
vik cavalry, during the recent often
sive in Galicia. is said to. have turned
against the Bolsheviki and to be plan
ming an attack on Kiev.
sebastopol, Oct. 1o.-(By the Asso.
ctated Press. .)-General Wrangel, the
anti -Bolshevik leader, has launched
his expected offensive against the new
sixth army Of the soviet forces shell
tered behind the Dnieper. General
Wrangel' is carrying out >. pinchine
movement converging on the town oi
KakhOvka, northeast of Kherson.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
FRENCH CHAMPION
TO MEET AMERICAN
in IL ROUND BOUT

Jersey City, N. j.. Oct. 12.-
Georges Carpenter French war hero
and European heavyweight champion,
tonight will engage in a 12-round
bout with Battling Levinsky, Ameri-
can light heavyweight titleholder. I'm
der the New Jersey boxing law no
decision is permitted.
The contest, regarded as tryout
for the French boxer to determine
whether he would make a suitable
opponent for Jack Dempsey worlds S
champion, will be held in the open air
in. Jersey City baseball park.
Fair, mild weather is forecast.
Equal in height, the two boxers are
also expected to weigh about the
sa me. probably slightly under 175
pounds. The American has a slight
advantage in reach.
Ted (kid) European welterweight
champion, and Marcel Thomas, hold
er of the French welterweight title,
will meet in a six round preliminary
bout. .
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
TROUBLE in COTTON
GINNING SECTIONS
ECOMES SERIOUS

|, Atlanta, Oct. 1.-THE shooting to
| death yesterday of a negro guard at
a cotton, gin, in Arkansas. numerous
fireA of Undetermined origin in which
cotton has been destroyed and wide
spread threats Of night riders to burn
I gins, whose. owners ignore. warnings
TO discontinue operations until the
staple reaches a price of forty cents
a, pound, have resulted in the issu-
ance Of proclamations by Governors
Brough of Arkansas and Kilby of Ala
bama. and statements Of their posi-
tton by Governor Dorsey of Georgia
and Cooper of South Carolina.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
Harding Will Leave
Today On His Fourth
Speech Making Tour

Mario, .OhioaOct. l2.---4Senator. Hard-
ing will leave Marion late this after
noon on his fourth speechmaking trip
outside of Ohio. "a circuit which will
take him through Kentucky. Indiana.
and Tennessee and will wind up with
"a Saturday night meeting in st. Louis.
1t may be his last tour away from
home during the campaign if plans
under consideration are approved.
These plans contemplate cancellation
of the senator's date at Buffalo on
October 21 and allotment of most Of
his time after this week to front porch
speeches and other affairs in Marion.
A few Ohio cities are to be visited,
however, regardless of the final de-
cision as to an eastern trip.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
TELEGRAPHIC BRIEFS


Londot:-- The Russian soviet gov.
ernmsnts has sent delegate with
peace proposals. to the headquarters
Of f-Generafe-Wrangel, commando II OF
the anttsR Rolshevik army In southern
Rusaias according to - warsaw stsrs-;
po4Ass. 3Ef FL Z
GreenYilie. 6. .t'C omcers 6 OF the.
Greenyille baseball club refused to
,ea.e. s .theiE ball park for an exhibition
Claude Williams, former Chicago
White Sox team members. would be,
allowed to play. s,s
Philadelphia Richie Mitchell sof,
Milwaukee outpointcd Joe Welithg of
New York ak.l1 IN ia.. eisAt round bout
81. Louis. THE sixteen acre plant
Of the 81. Louis Car company With tho
exception Of the eAdministratton build
Ing and Woodworking plant, ID In ruins
as the result Of . fire believed TO have
been caused BY crossed lighting wires.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
EXPERTS WORK
TO COMPLETE
PEACETREATY
Many Complications Arise
&, During Deliberations
j. g. at Riga.

Riga, Oct. 12.-(By The Associated
Iress)-Experts were engaged in COM
pleting the Ukrainian text of the arm
istice and preliminary peace treaty
between Poland and Russia and
Ukraine. Completion Of this work was
the last preliminary to signature of
the convention, which was framed
Many complications have arisen
while the peace delegations have been
deliherating on the terms of the pre-
liminary treaty. Polish and Lithuanian
troops, have been fighting along the
frontier between those two countries
there has been a general upsetting of
stable conditions in the Baltic states,
and many members of the big Polish
delegations have been striving to pre-
vent M. Dombski. chairman Of the
delegation. / and the Polish peasants
ton In Warsaw
Both Satisfied.
Both Adolf Joffe, head of the Rus
sian soviet. peace mission and M
Dombski express satisfaction with the
terms agreed upon. The Bolsheviki in.
sist the preliminary treaty is much
less favorable than the peace offered
Poland last February, and the failure
OF the Poles to have a financial set.
tlement included in the preliminary
convention has been generally regard.
ed as a soviet triumph
Poland. however, obtained much
more territory than it seemed likely
the conference would grant when il
opened. and many Polish observers re.
gard the corridor shuttiny off Lithu
ania from Russia as victory out
weighing any concessions made.
T Much, Peesimism.
While the principals in the negotia
tions Insist the terms eventually will
lead to the signature of a permanent
treaty which will permit restoration o
normal conditions in central Europe
there is much pessimism among diplo.
mats and observers not participating
in the conference. The French arr
clearly dissatisfied and apparently de
sired continuation of the war. TIL.
bottling up of Lithuania is general,
regarded as a doubtful experiment
and the occupation Of Wilma by Gen
eral Zellgouski's men has created ;
suspicion that the Polish government
had knowledge of the plan. which ha
been aupRqrted by Polish landlords il
I tLithuanias 3,s
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
SHIP REPORTED TO
BE STRANDED in
SOUTHERN WATERS

San Francisco. Oct IA vessel
believed to be the Mexican gunboat
Progreso. was reported in wireless ad-
vices from the steamer Steelworker,
to be stranded on reef off the coast
OF Lower California, but in no imme-
dlate danger, the naval communica-
tions service here announced early to-
day. The Steelworker reported the
steamer Annette Rolph standing by
the Progreso. y
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
Cleveland Wins Worlds Series Championship
HORSES IN LONG
ROAD RACE ARE
IN GOOD SHAPE

Northfield, Vermont, Oct. 12.-
Twenty-Five Of the twenty-seven
thoroughbred Morgan and Arab hors-
es that started yesterday in the 800
mile race from Fort Ethan Allen to
Camp Devens, resumed the long trail
today. All were in excellent condition
and many of them, particularly Aam-
la. winner of the 1919 race and King
fisher, second last year, seemed eager
for the road. The route today was
through Montpelier to st. Johnsbury,
a distance Of 65 miles.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
Methodists Will Push !.
Big Hospital Drive!

Mandan, N. D., Oct. 12.-The con-
ference of, the Methodist Episcopal
church has decided definitely to make
the raising of $175,000 for the i'm
provement of the hospital at this city,
recently turned over to the Methodist
church by the hospital association
here. one Of the features of the next
years conference work. Rev. r. r.
Nedtke has general supervision Of the
fund raising campaign.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
Mand'aln III Re.idents Want !.
= -: More Light On Subject

Mandan, n. p, Oct, 12.--when only
the corner lights in the residence dis
trict and the top globes in the busi-
ness district were turned on in Man
dAns new white why system, a pro-
test went up from many indignant citi-
zens many declaring that when the
old arc light system was abandoned
and the new white way system voted
IN, the people expected more cost and
wanted more light. The. protest will
be taken to the commission.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
MUCH UNCLAIMED FREIGHT

HOnoIuIu, I. H, sept. Z3.-V MalTJ
Thirty thousand tons Of Anclaimed
merchandise, including automobiles,
machinery and dry goods, are lying in
the customs warehouse at Yokohama,
according to Toxic cable to the
Japanese newspaper Nippu Jill of
Honolulu.
Because of business depression, con-
signees prefer to abandon their ship
ments, rather than pay duty and
aim them, the Toxic cable said.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
WEATHER FORECAST.

Mfnnesota-Cnsettled tonight with
showers In east and north and slightly
cooler In west and south portions:
"Wednesday partly cloudy; cooler in
west portion.
North Dakota Fair toniebt
Wednesday unsettled and cooler.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
Fiue Victories For The
Indians Against TUo For
National League Leaders


hot grounder and play was suspended.
The crowd applauded Grimes but he
resumed pitching. Wambsganss up.
Ball one. Strike one. Ball two. Foul.
Wambsganss scratched an infield hit.
Speaker up Strike one. Foul. strike
two. Ball one. Kilduff threw out
Speaker at first. No runs, one hit, no
errors. : &
Fourth Inning ]
Brooklyn-Wheat up. Wheat got a
hit up against the screen for a single,
but went out at second, stretching 1t,
Smith to Wambsganss. Myers UP.
Gardner took Myers bunt and threw
him out at first. Konetchy up. Ball
one Knoetchy arched a fly to JAMIE
son. No runs, one hit, no errors.
Cleveland-smith went out to
konetchy unassisted. Gardner up.
Strike one. Ball one. Gardner got
a hit past Kiduff. Johnston up.
and Gardner went to third. It was
the hit and run play. Sewell up.
Foul strike one. Strike two. Sewell
filed to Wheat, Gardner holding third.
O'Netll up. Strike one Bali one.
Gardner scored on a delayed steal. ON
which Grimes after intercepting the
throw wildly to center field. 1t was
t stolen base for Johnston. Foul,
strike two. Ball two. Ball three.
O'Neul flied out to Griffith. One run,
two hits. one error.
Fifth Inning
Brooklyn-Kilduff up. Strike one
Ball one. Foul. strike two. Ball one.
Kilduff lined out to Speaker. Miller
up. Sewell took Miller's grounder
and threw him out at first Grimes
up. Foul, strike one. Coveleskie
knocked down Grimes wicked smash
and threw him out. No runs, no hits
no errors.
Cleveland-Coveles up. Ball
one. Strike one. Foul. strike two
Ball two. Coveleskie famed for the
second time. Jameson up. Strike
one. Ball one. Jameson smashed
an infield hit along the third base
foul line. Wambsganse up. Wambs-
ganss sent a high fly to Wheat
second. Strike one, Ball two. Foul
! strike two. Jameson scored or
Speakers three base hit to the e4iI
| gate. Smith up. Smith filed out ste
Meyers. One run, two hits. no errors
sixth Inning.
/! Brooklyn Olson up. Olson sent !
fly out to- speaker. sSheehan u1, u,
|stffKe one, Ball" one. Strike twD
! Wani bsganss threw. out sheehan d
! FIST. Grifhth up. Ball one. Grit
fifth flied out to Speaker, who rrt
| lack to make the CATCH" No runs
no bits; no errors. ,g -.
Observation-Disclosures up. Ball one
| Bail two. Strike one. Rail three
| Strike two. Gardner grounded gu
tc kohetchy.. Johnston up. Strike one
1 Ball one. Ball two. Strike two. Bal
three. Johnston walked. Sewell up
( Strike one. Sewell flied to I! Myers
I, O'Neill up. Strike one. Foul, strik,
! two. Johnston went out stealing
Miller to kilduff. No runs; no hits
no errors. y.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12

Washington.-Const reduction Of
the amount of Liberty bonds held by
National banks was reported by John
Shelton Williams, comptroller of the
currency.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
Sixth Inning.
Seventh Inning.
Fourth Inning

~ S@Veltn IHnlnS.
Brooklyn-Wheat up Foul, strike
one. Foul, strike two. Foul. Ball
one. Wheat lined out to Smith. Myers
up. Wambsganss threw out Myers
at first, coming in on the grass to get
the ball." Konetchy up. Ball one.
Ball two. Strike one. Foul, strike
two. Foul. Ball three. Konetchy
got hit which Sewell was only able
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
Two Constables Killed.

Ballinderry. Ireland. Oct. a.
Consta b}es Kenny and Crawford were
shot dead land a sergeant and two
other consta bles were badly wounded
when a police motor car running be-
tween Roscommon to Ballaghadereen,
county Mayo, was fired upon today
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
LOFTY Attacked.

Cork. Oct. 11.-An attack on a mill
tary lorry in the Mallow district Of
Cork today resulted in the death Of
the driver and the wounding of three
soldiers. 1t developed into another
fight between soldiers hurried to the
scene and the attacking party. which,
according to military headquarters
report. numbered $50 men and was
armed with machine guns, rifles and
bombs.
The scene of the attack was near
the town Of Kanturk the residents of
which later closed their houses and
shops and fed to the country, fearing
reprisals.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
LLOYD GEORGES
SPEECH RUFFLES
!. SnNN FElNERS
Reported That Address is
Taken Almost as a Dec
laration of War.

London. Oct. 12.-Leaders Of the
Sim Fein movement regard the speech
made at Carnavon. Wales. on. Satur-
day by Premier Lloyd George as al
most "declaration of war on Ire
land" says the Dublin correspondent
of the London Times that the ex-
ecutive department in that city intends
to bring matters to a head as quickly
as possible by a concentrated cam
paign against disorder which by in
f1icting general hardships on the
country may make crime and lawless-
ness truly unpopular" Projected
measures are said to include complete
stoppage of the Irish railways: drastic
reduction of the postal service. until
ali railway workers agree to return to
duty and until there is cessation of
raids on the mails.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-10-12
Officers Shot.

Dublin, Oct. 12.-While arrests were
being made during the military raids
in Drumcondra. suburb of Dublin,
two officers were shot dead, one non
commissioned officer was wounded and
one civilian was killed and another
wounded, according to an official re-
port made public today.
Belfast, Oct. 12.-The report that
a brother of the late Commissioner
smyth of the royal Irish consta bulary
has been killed near Dublin. as the
commissioner was in Cork last sum-
mer, has caused a sensation here If
the Major Smyth who was killed
proves to be relative of the late
commissioner it is feared there will be
renewal of the disorders in Ulster.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-10-07

SALESMAN Wantcd--If sou are not satisfied
with present position and want 70 get with
large manufacturing company with a
chance for advancement call; we pay salary
and commission and sell only guaranteed
products; security required. Call between
4 and +. NJ, nj the office nearest you:
NEW YORK, ROOM 1915. 30 w. 24TII ST.
BROOKLYN, ROOM col ARBuCKLE BLDG.
NEWARK ROOM 200 ORDWAY BLDG.
PATTERSON. 22G MARKET ST.
HOBOKEN, ROOM 212 STENECK BLDG.
MOUNT VERNON, rROCTOR's BLDG.
FULLER BRUSH co
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-10-07
statesmen.

There Is a real opportunity here
for men of the right spirit. We
want men who viii capitalize their
time and make It pay them and US
as we'll.
We want men who will come into
our organization and become expert
statesmen. You need not be expert
enced TO start. We teach you and
you can earn while learning. After
that II Is merely matter Of how
much you want TO earn by working
on n business basis. The man who
is all business will find the returns
extremely satisfactory. The demand
for trained statesmen Is growing by
leaps and bounds. The man who be-
comes highly skilled in our employ
can find an opening anywhere. His
services are In great demand.
If you are ambitious, II you want
TO make good and desire work with
future, come In and talk with us
= about Il. or write 312 Flagg Bldg,
Yonkers. =. Y. Hours 10 to 10 and
to 8.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-10-07
HELP WANTED-MALE.


TEACHERS Emergency vacancies. element
ary secondary college, urlivcrsities-all
kinds: salaries high. Write qualifications
cline Tcac6orr Agency, Boise, Idaho.
TypisT.
ouicit. accurate. touch operator. for hotel
hiHae. day work good salary and oppor-
tunltv foi. adyauccuant. Apply Audiior's Of g.
f,o Hotel rla2a, 10Th ~. and IN az.
TypfsT-vounr uan. must be good typist
and relieve telephone operator. also 20 do
o. neral rffice work rnlc ndid chaance fof ed-
tRrccment. Write, stating nfe. rcllgign, *.
Itrlouce md salary cNpcrtsd. = k..lala 81 nv.
TWO exnsr.tncod body builders. steady work
good wages. - hours week. Apply $40
Metropolitan av., B'klyn
IpHoLsrEREEs to work on Pullman cars;
railroad rates. Pullman Company, VII
mInH.on, ilel.
wkrcTnfEN. private. for Western city:
must hu active and ahlc bodied, not over
70 ytas4 Ola wages sg1 per week. oppor.
tunify f0r Advancement, permanent work
Npply after a. NJ. 10th floor. Tribune
Nrlidirg.
WANTED Young man Ia office OF paper
Iohutr in Hfuollyui must know bUokkecp-
ing and typewrltlnE, TefCrouccs. good oppor.
uniiy fot advancement. l. $40 Herald. ESQ
Nv ay.
WANTED Experienced packer familiar
with pipe flliir gs, warehouse and plumbing
surply liuei highest reference. married men
preferred. salary $50 per week. l. $40 Her
ava. ESQ n'way.
WANTEp--nripht hoy as Junior clert.
about 10 years old liberal salary and good
opportunity for Advancement. Iloyds Plate
Class ins. Co. o. William 81. ". " G.
WANTED Immediately an oNporicnccd re-
tail salesman. Apply u IN Daley, G54 9th av.