New-York tribune., 1920-01-10
lowell Backs
Article Ten in
Modified Form
ae,,cr to Senator Walsh
: Urges Endorsement by
JIuper House Democrats
I Of Treaty Reservations
Real Power in Part 16
causes for War Seen i'm Dis
puted Clause: World Calls
for Early Ratification
New York Tribune
Washington Bureau

,MAShlNN1QN, jail. S.~OemOCTdtlC
senstors were urged to support res
- .ysstions to Article X of the league of
s.tions covenant in a letter received.
to-day by Senator Walsh, Democrat, of
Massachusetts,. from A. Lawrence
lowell. president of Harvard Univer-
sty.
ssIn placing the letter in the Record
Senator Walsh, who voted for the
Lodge reservations, said:
,ssFrom this letter it would seem that
This able and distinguished champion
Of the league plan, who many people !
believed regarded Article X as the
most important and, indeed. the one in
dispensable feature os the plan, does
NOT object to the reservations which
the Senate has adopted.
is"Consinering how pronounced an ad-
yocate CT the league President Lowell
il. it is most important and illumi-
mating contribution to the discussion
on this subject to have him now de-
clare that Article X is not we'll adapted
10 promote peace and does involve obli-
cations which it is not wise to accept
Many of us who have for some time
Been making this claim are strength
ened and heartened in our convictions
by the position now taken by this lead
ing c0nvenanter and accepted author
ity on American government"
~ Letter From DR.. Lowell
Dr.. Lowell's letter follows:
f"As one Of the stumbling blocks in
the way of compromise on the treaty
uppears to be Article X, take the lib /
erty of writing to you about it, the |
more so as was the person who intro
sduced into the program OF the League
10 Enforce Peace the third article, de-
daring that the 'signatory powers
shall jointly use forthwith both their
economic and military forces against
Any one of their number that goes to
war or commits acts OF hostility against
smother OF the signatories before any
question arising shall be submitted to
arbitration
vi say this to show you that from
the beginning l was in favor and al
ways have been in favor of the use of
. forclble sanction to maintain peace
under the league. For this purpose it
seems to me that the real strength
Of the covenant to prevent war rests
upon Article XVI and not Article X.
The latter seems to me to proceed
from the wrong end. Instead of seek
ing to prevent war directly it strives
to DO so indirectly by. making preda-
tay war Improbable; but the diff
Guilty in this lies in the fact that it
you'd be virtually impossible to
snatch the prey from the jaws of a
uetcnous belligerent. Nor would
great nation, like Germany, for ex-
ample, be deferred from going to war
oy any agreemenAsamong the members
or the league to prevent her annexing
territory In case of victory, because
sne knows very we'll that if defeated
sne Will have no chance to seize terri
tory, and II victorious she would not
De prevented from doing so.
90 Fear Shown Over Results
Moreover, as the treaty of peace
ieaves Europe, there are cases where
'Articie 4 would lead to mischevous re-
suitS. FOR example, tract of country
IN the Tyrol, inhabited exclusively by
herman speaking people, has been given
10 italy If German-Austria should
nave grievance against Italy-let US
say about the treatment of shipping
and should bring it before the council of
the league and have a unanimous deci-
non in her favor, with which Italy re-
to 60 TO war with Italy. If in this war
she We're victorious, and then should
propose to take back this. German
speaking region, we would be obliged
BY Article K of the covenant to 90 to
war with her to prevent it. Neither we
nor any other nation would do so, nor
ought .e to do SO.
1T seems to me, therefore, that
Article X is not we'll adapted to pro-
mote peace and does involve obliga-
lions which it is not wise to accept
say this. because many of the Demo-
Gratis know feel that the whole force
az the back of the league lies in
article X, and Senator Hitchcock has
said this to me.
=, i think, however, they are mistaken.
i; lns real strength in preventing war
l'es IN Article XVI, and the agree
mens to boycott as it stands. if not as
Mfong as we should have liked, seems
% me not inadequate; for such boy
eot@ would be completely effective with
: : small nation, and with a great power
\. !, would Immediately lead to war. For
.aese reasons it seems to me that it
you'd be mistake for the Democrats
y: ~ ssand too firmly against a reserva-
'ion on Article X"
CAMBRIDGE, Mass, Jan. 9.-Presi
dsns lowell Of Harvard, when asked to-
asy ABOUT his letter to Senator Walsh
'. ..ra me peace treaty, said:
lne ADVICE contained in the some
.nss personal letter to Senator Walsh
..A "M not that Article x should be
sss..sken ss.elken out of the treaty, but that
,l .hs.e we're objections to it of such a
m;..er sd;s.seser that it would seem to be a
srsie s~.sIAxe for the Democrats to stand too
Y.s"'y against reservation on Article
u,;.L nave never changed my attitude,
r..;sa sa that the treaty should be
,sd snned With such reservations as are
tb;asary 70 secure the required two
xoxt. - possponement would be most un-
p,as;aate.. pahate. because the result Of the
.tsstial .tss'oential election cannot be real
tnna tss..on OF opinion on what reserva-
es.S;.u ; any, the people want; for any
~ - who declares for ratification
tios. sae Treaty with any set of reserva-
bs.. .i'l obtain the votes Of the mem
tor :. - n. ms party who desire ratifica-
ie .sii' all the great bulk Of the pub
than Ing lar more about ratification
skty.sav"a' The particular rczeryation3
fsrtrs..i ! siso believe delay MOTT un-