Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1920-01-08

pump cannot be placed SO that the limit:n,
suction lift will not be exceeded, it is necessary
10 lower the pump cylinder into the WELL raising
the water from the cylinder to the spout by the
d1rect lift of the piston. Water can be pushed
more easily than it can be pulled hence r,ther
tnan resort to extreme suction lifts it is prefer
able to lower the cylinder to within is feet or
less of the supply, or still better to submerge it.
Where water is discharged against pressure
force pump is. necessary. A practical installa-
ton for the kitchen sink is q combined suction
and force pump which will be found great la
Dor saver for the housewife.
Deep-WeIl Pumps.
Deep-well pumps are heavier and stronger than
those described above- They may be Of the lift or
force type and the standard or working head is
always directly over the we'll The cylinder
should be near (withfn 10 feet) or else below
water level which pumping and drought may Gre
ate. Submergence is the preferable arrange
ment. In all installations the size of the pump
Ing cylinder must be determined from the size,
depth, and yielding power of the WELL the guam
tity of water required and the available power
Deep wells and hand or Windmill outfits take
small cylinders.
Pumping by means of compressed air Is very
old, but the systems used prior to 1909 required
the air supply to be turned or shut off accord
ing to whether not the water was needed
Based on patent granted in that year, two.
cylinder airdsplacement pump submerged in the
water supply and controlled by the opening and
closing of the faucet, devised. The essen
tia. parts of installation, besides such pump
are an air compressor, storage tank engine or mo-
tor-with air and water pipes, and minor attach
ments. Ihe pump operates only when water IL
used, starting whenever a faucet is opened and
continuing until all faucets are closed.
The chief advantage of airdisp.acement pumps
is that water may be taken from ordinary depth
mr. In
power outfit and delivered direct from the
well to the faucet The power plant may he
located wherever convenient and as many punps
may be used as there are sources of water Both
hard and soft water may be delivered by using
two pumps and the necessary piping systems.
Atr-displacement pumps not adapted at pres
ent to lifts much over 125 feet or to wells .css
than three inches in diameter nor can thew he
used where more water is required than the
well can supply within specified period. AIR
pipes and air-displacement pumps must be tight
and remain tight In service, and working parts
must be kept in good order
Horsepower Needed.
Water may be raised by hand windmill hv-
drauc rams steam hot air, gas internal-com-
bustion engines, electric motors Hand power
is unsuted to large supplies or high lifts Wind.
mills are probably the most familiar type of me-
chanical power used. and often are arranged to
start and stop automatically. Gasoline and oil
engines are wen adapted TO farm pumping and
may be equipped to stop at any desired pressure
In supply tank. The use of electricity for
pumping is increasing. The method is Glenn
quiet, and convenient and starting or stopping
distant pump by throwing switch may be prac-
teal wherever transmission lines are sufficiently
near.
The theoretical horsepower needed to raise
water Is found by multiplying the gallons pumped
In one minute by the total lift, in feet, including
friction in both suction and discharge pipes, and
then dividing the product by 1000. The horse
power as computed, should be multiplied by from
two to four to overcome losses in pumping and
still allow for a reserve of power. Ordinarily
to two horsepower engines are suficien. for
farm pumps, but it is always safest to determine
this point by computation.
An advantage to be derived from the well-in-
stalled farm water system often overlooked is the
benefit it affords in the way of fire prevention.
With relatively small expenditure, fixtures can be
added to pipe system which give ready access
to the water supply for fighting flames. In al
most every case a fire be easily put out If
discovered at it's early stage, providing there IS
fre-fghtng apparatus near by, and all hands
the children taught and drilled to use
such apparatus coolly and skillfully.
CONCRETE ON THE FARM.