Arizona republican., 1920-10-08
N-THE BUCHANAN-F FREMONT FILLMORE RACE OF 1856.
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'. IT mont as it's candidate If Franklin Pierce and his followers had been content to rest upon the Compromise of 1850 as the final set tlement of the slavery question in politics. the inevitable clash of the Civil War might have been postponed for long time. But the Democrats had won such a great victory, and the opposition was so utterly demoralized that the Pierce administration imag- ined it could do anything with i'm punity Indulging in that mistaken belief, Pierce brought about the repeal Of the Missouri Compromise. Then with the doctrine that slavery must be permitted in territories, the believ- CTS in the peculiar institution" sought to extend it to the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, Both of these terri tories were north of the thirty six thirty" line of the Missouri Compro- mise and it's repeal opened up the whole question.
 The Republican party was born big. It stirred up one of the hottest cam paigns the country has ever known be- fore it was actually in existence as a national body. It owed much of it's power in its first campaign to Horace Greeley and the New York Tribune The Tribune was the Republican Bible -N c6dABoA aDQStS WHICH were exciting the whole country, yet it could coo as softly as the dove of political expedience demanded. It even went so far as to bid for southern support for Fremont and talked of avoiding the danger of a solid South" pleading the while for the establish ment of a "solid North"
 Slavery the Real Issue
 No campaign up to that time had had rn ma -1, was the only real issue. but as yet not one person of any prominence in actual politics had dared to oppose slavery in the states where it existed. It was only against the extension of slavery that the Free Soilers, the liberal Wings. the anti-Nebraspa Democrats and the Republicans were fighting. But the southerners realized that Republi- can success would mean an ultimate attack upon the States Rights of which they were such ardent defend CTS.
 The Republican party held its first convention at Pittsburg on Washing tons birthday and formed an organiza- tion. It called a nominating conven ton to meet at Philadelphia or Bunker's Hill day. That convention met and nominated John C. Fremont for president and William l.. Dayton LUZ NiCt-RIGEttGil- 4(NAAOSAe'es held their convention in Cincinnati, tho first national convention ever held west of the Allephanies. The race fol the nomination was spirited. the can didates being James Buchanan, who was chosen on the seventeenth ballot Franklin Pierce. Stephen A. Dougla: and Lewis Cass. John C. Breckin ridge of Kentucky was nominated fol vice-president.
 t.f fr~. Inn it's remnants went into the Nativis movement and worked with the new "American'' or Know nothing party The Know -nothings nominated Millar' Fillmore for president and Andrew Jackson Donelson of Tennessee fo vice. president. The Whigs wen through the form of holding nationa convention and endorsed the Fillmor ticket. Thus ended the tale of tn Whigs, created into a political organi zation by anti Masonry. expiring as al adjunct of anti Catholicism.
 "Free States, Free Kansas, Ere Speech, Free Men and Fremont" Ina was the Republican battle-cry. "Buc and Breck" was as much as the Dem ocratic campaign poets could find fo their slogan. But it was not cam paign of laudation.. The Republican denounced and defied and damned tn doings of the Democrats. The Demo l crats in turn, occupied conservatiN ground and defended their actions LIT der the constitution. The Fillmoi ticket was a refuge for those who d not wane to take sides in a most uT pleasant argument
 The Kansas Massacre
 After the Lawrence, Kansas, ma sacre, Horace Greeley declared tn President Pierce, the captain of q Border Ruffians, will go to Cincinna to seek a renomination stained fro head to foot with the hearts blood the free-state men of Kansas" Wh' Preston Brooks. a South Carolii member of congress, assaulted Se ator Charles Sumner of Massachuset in the senate chamber, the whole Nor was set on fire. Greeley called 1t "deed of blood committed in the chan Der of assassins.
 Indignation meetings were he everywhere In Boston there was great meeting at Fremont Temple al another in Faneuii Hall Wend Phillips. Lyman Beecher. Theodo Parker the venerable Josiah Quin and others of that generation We there to fan the flames of popular l dignation. At the same time, in { South. the wiser heads could not pr vent the young men from applaudi Brooks acton III leSeAiblh6 thS AHSN which Sumner had heaped upon { head of the aged Senator But Brooks kinsman.
 Good Republicans never called regular Democrat anything less insu inc than ..border ruffian." Buchan had been the first to sign the famo Ostend Manifesto which looked to 1 annexation of Cuba. The Pierce a ministration and Buchanan had look with favor upon the Nicaragua Il bustering expedition of William Wa or "the grey eyed man of destin and the Republicans believed that was the beginning of campaign conquest of which Cuba was to be chief prize.
 Therefore, it was not at all surpr ing that the Democrats and support of Buchanan should have found the selves dubbed "buchaneers."
 A Forgotten Pageant
 One of the greatest political me ings or rallies" ever held in this col trv was the Fremont and Freed festivaT at Dayton, Ohio, on July
 1856. There were more than h' dred thousand people there, from
 over Ohio and from adjoining stat The raIlying cry that day was; ''Ih n is a North" One of the chief featu was a burlesque Democratic par
 participated in by company ot yo'
 men from Indiana. This parade
 headed by no less a parsonage Il
 His Satanic Majesty, who was De
 attended by a company of meniais '
 nu ~ngsiT