davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28

merely to lay out ION paper) the street light
ing system Of St. Denis and then erect street
lamps at regular intervals corresponding to
the St Denis Original" Wherever fac
tories were found brilliantly illuminated at
St. Denis groups of strong lights were
erected at the Poissy France fake city;
likewise to initiate railway stations, with
their incoming trains huge squares. bril-
liantly lighted. were placed at accurate dis
tances from the river bank.
It was planned to have searchlights, NOV
ing at a speed of about ten miles an hour
send their beams horizontally between cam
oufiaged rows of timber, thus Stimulating the
operation of trains to and from the fake
station" areas. or course IL cost money;
every phase of the war cost money. but ex-
pense was a minor consideration II the fu-
ture Of France and the allied cause could be
saved The scheme was proved to be feasi-
BILE. for the cleverest French aviators. like
their German opponents, were constantly
mystihed by the appearance of Aubervillers
factories several miles from the position
shown on the military maps There must
have been lot of head scratching in the
German aviation camps when the first Of
the bemuddled pilots returned to report his
success in bombing the great munition
centre.
The anti-aircraft engineers promptly COM
pleted their plans for the building of the
fake Paris" comfortable. really very
peaceful bend of the river near Contains was
selected not differing greatly In length or
width from that OF the Seine in the heart Of
Paris. A glare Of light on one bank and
presto! the enemy mistakes IL for the Care
d'Orsay. with its brilliantly lighted substa-
ton, the Care des Invaldes, only kilometer
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28
Work Begun on Creation of
False Paris Halted by Arnistice

For this reason the greatest care was
taken to accurately represent the distances
between the false stations" of the Contains
rlan and while few thousand street lights
suflced for the St. Denis experiment the
completion of the more elaborate scheme
would have involved millions IL Paris's
myriad of small streets. each with a few
feeble beacons. and the score of glaring rail-
road stations and centres like the opera. the
Etole &C., were faithfully initiated. One
thing is certain the financial division OF the
French war staff must have breathed a sigh
Of relief when the armistce caused the
abandonment of the idea and its relegation TO
the dusty shelf where 1t will remain until
Europe's next turmoil reminds some expert
OF it's existence.
The idea was costly one and may never
again be thought Of for large areasg' said
one French military official in commenting
upon the fake Paris" plan last week. But
there is no reason why 1t should not aid In
the protection of important factories, the
lights of which could be duplicated at con-
venent distances and amid deceptive sur
roundngs at a very moderate expense This
would lead the enemy 10 lombard the
lighted areas. while the real factory would
reman-temporarily darkened, but ready to
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28
New Methods of Camoufage
Already Designed for Next War

1. There will be the creation of fake
areas" in unimportant districts to represent
vital or stratgetic areas such munition
making towns or military headquarters This
plan proved it's possibilities just before the
conclusion of the armistice i'm November,
191S when the French military authorities
constructed on the outskirts of Paris a du-
plicate of the street lighting system of the
town Of St Denis, including the munition
factories of Aubervillers. This, when illumi-
mated at night, provided so attractive a
contrast to the darkened real st. Denis" that
the German airmsn were completely deceived
and scores of their bombs were dropped i'm
the midst of fields far away from the busy
suburb at which the German pilots aimed
The only real damage done was the smash
ing of few hundred electric light globes.
flake Paris" was actually started. but
the signing of the armistice rendered UNI
necessary this tremendous expenditure, al
though the military experts agree that had
the war continued the German fiiers would
have been considerably mystified by the
appearance of fake Parises" In various parts
of France, while the real capital would have
slumbered peacefully in it's enforced dark
ness.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28
Obscurity Camoufage Is Meant
for Use in the Daylight Hours

The French experts have decided that the
area which must be camouhag ed to assure
proper protection must be at least nine times
the superficial area of the camouhaged OBJ
Jective while further confusion Of the enemy
is obtained by arranging numerous light
coned areas Of equal dimensions at suitable
distances from the objective. There may be
some smashing Of electric light globes but
the chances are according to the French
theorist, that the enemy airmen will get dis
couraged and return 10 their squadrons for
further information and new maps
The system of "obscurity camounage" is
chiefly designed for use in the daytime II
was used TO excellent advantage during many
important naval operations. the British
smoke screen being merely an adaptation Of
the plan conceived by French experts long
before the Germans invaded Belgium.
The use of smoke bombs saved many allied
military operations from disaster important
strategic points being taken under cover of
a dense wall of smoke which hung close 20
the ground. but this necessitated special he'll
NETS for the troops and there was danger Of
accidents when these helmets failed to work
properly
As a means of protection against enemy
Continued on FOilOtOtHg Pa1s
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28

flage" distinctly a French creation, and was
used during the final month of the war for
the protection of important factories in east
ern France.
THE HERALDs documentary evidence, sup
ported by the admission of those who devel-
oped the scheme, indicates that the of
this measure was envisaged alterna-
tive to the creation of deceptive targets" or
fake cities" and could even have been put in
to operation for Paris at less expense than the
more imaginative plan. SO far had the prep
arations gone that the French army now has
thousands of projectors in stock, ready with
few adjustments to send up cones of in
tense light rays which by an easily calcu-
lated system of ray diffusion could be so ar.
ranged as to leave Mother Earth. or at least
any important portion of her surface hidden
in absolute darkness as far as lowering air
men might see. Nevertheless. beneath the
ray cones factories could work at full blast
street lights could blaze without restriction
and even the taxicabs along the Champs
Ely sees could be equipped with strong
searchights without fear of discovery from
above.
3, Finally. a system of "obscurity camou-
fage." through we'll known chemical COM
binatons which evolve dense clouds of va
por, will be used I'm future wars to COM
pletely cover whole cities in the event of
daylight attacks from the air Experiments
conducted along the Seine recently showed
that this phase of the science of aerial de-
fence has progressed so far that clouds suf-
ficienty "obscuring" can be created in five
minutes which will defy the skill of any
aerial bomber. OF course. his bombs may
drop on important positions, but the chances
are against this occurring often IL he
were provided with a plainly visible target
and accurate knowledge of his distances
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28
To Create False Cities" Is Plan
to Defeat the Enemy Overhead

The project of creating false cities to mis-
direct the attention of enemy aviators APP
pears on its surface, fantastic as any
thing ever imagined by Jules Verne. But
when closely studied, IL was found to have
a peculiar charm so peculiar in fact that
although it was sheved several times, Il
was finally reexamined and put into opera
ton. Its promoters based their hope Of sue
cess on the fact that enemy aviators. when
desiring to locate a French town. invariably
did so by means of stream contours. which
in aerial photographs showed up clearly
VIXEN other characteristics were dmmed by
clouds of camoulage. Noticing that along
the course of the Seine there are numerous
bends which bear great similarity to the
cor tour OF the Seine at Paris, II was sug-
gested that one of these positions be chosen,
free of any houses or military buildings, and
a false Paris" built Cost calculations. how
ever, delayed this project but IL was de-
cided to experiment on smaller scale near
Poissy n-France, where a replica of the
munition making district of St Denis and
the adjoining factories Of Aubervillers was
proposed
But II was not to be a replica in the
ordinary sense of the word for camouf1age
is the art of making things seem like what
they are not. SO the French experts decided
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28
viii Surround Enemy Aviator
With Glow of Intense Light

?. Instead Of darkening towns or factories
when an enemy aeroplane attack Is impend-
ing the ntruders of the future will be fought
by light-plenty Of light-which will sur
round his plane with luminous cloud thou
sands Of candlepower in strength, binding
the pilot and gunner and making the attain
ment of any definite target impossible. This
is known as the system of luminous camou-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28

further along. In Paris the railway sta
tions were the chief worry of the protection
experts during the Despite the lighting
restriction and threats of punishment It
was never possible to induce the employees
TO obey the rules and darken the stations
when the Gothas began to hum about the
city.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28

far from the German front line were like
wise protected by the light cones and IL was
on one of these unsuccessful raids that the
French press was given the opportunity OF
ridiculing the German air service for having
attempted to bomb Nancy and merely kill
ing a pig in a neighboring farmyard"
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28
Special Correspondence Of THE New YORK

Special Correspondence of THE NEW YORK
HERALD.
New York Herald Bureau,
Paris, Nov. 20.
TINE next war will not be a war OF
frightfulness in which enemy avia-
tors will terrify and destroy by means
OF the most powerful engines conceivable,
but it will be conflict wherein wiser nations
will remain on an intelligent defensive,
matching their scientific wits against Powers
of greater magnitude and defeating by
means of technical trickery any repetition
of the illegitimate assaults by which the
Central Powers endeavored to force civiliza-
ton to bow to their will.
This is the thesis of the highest French
military experts. If secret documents of the
French War Office, which have come into the
possession of a correspondent of THE New
YORK HERALD are correctly interpreted.
These documents, of highly confidential
character, outline the progress which has
been made in the art of military camouhage,
and they indicate that the war defence of
the future will be marked by three distinct
phases of artistic trickery.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28

Above official the location of the fake
Paris Seine capt.
tai At
the would identify plainly troopers Below
detailing camouaage being
utterly unable beneath brilliant Wherever
possible these lights ground
times ncessaed their being that protecting
would building chimney Equipment
outline false Paris light
places partly assembled before
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-28

Continued on FoHotOia0 Page.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-06-18
FARM TRACTOR IN
MAURY HAS COME
TO STAY, BELIEF
MORE THAN 100 THESE POWER
UNITS BEING OPERATED BY
FARMERS OF COUNTY.
DEALERS EXPECT BIG DEMAND
Believed That Sales Next Year viii
Be Double Those of Present Year.
Mules Being Fast Supplanted by
"TireIess" Horse.

The farm tractor has come to stay.
Not less than 100 tractors of differ
ent makes are now being operated by
the farmers of Maury county in the
breaking and cultivation of their
land.
! Tractor dealers estimate that each
tractor in operation this year will be
the means Of selling at least two ad6i-
tional ones during next year, and they
estimate that before the end of 1921
there will be between 300 and 500
farm tractors in use in this county.
Dealers say that the day of doubt
as to the practicability of the tractor
has passed, and that they have been
proven the most economical unit of
cure. Dealers point out that the trac-
tor when not in use may be stored in
the barn, and does not consume i'm
mense quantities Of hay and grain as
does the mule. And that the tractor
may be used for hundreds of different
purposes impossible to the mule. 1t
is also pointed out that the tractor
may work double shift, twenty-four
hours per day, day in and day out, and
never tire, whereas the mule must
have rest regularly.
The tractor has been of immense
benefit to some of the large farm
ers of the county this unusually wet
spring, in preparing land for planting.
Some farmers have had their tractors
equipped with electric lights and have
turned sod in twentyfour hour
stretches.
1t is estimated that each factor in
use, figuring .conservatively, takes
the place of three mules. At these
figures during the past two or three
years, this unit of power has taken
the place of at least 800 mules in the
county, and if figures of dealers meet
expectations, not less than 800 or
1000 mules will be supplanted by
the tractor before the end of 1921.
There seems absolutely no doubt
but what the trtctor has come to stay
1t has proved wonderful asset to
the county, and as improvements are
perfected, 1t will come more and more
and more into popular favor among
the farmers.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-06-18
FORMER LEADER OF.
REPUBLICANS HERE
COL. E. L. GREGORY RETURNS TO
COUNTY FOR THE FIRST TIME
IN TEN YEARS.

Col E. l.. Gregory, formerly one OK
the most prominent republicans in
Tennessee, ex-postmaster at Mt.
Pleasant, more than once elector on
the republican presidential ticket, and
now editing newspaper in Oklahoma
was here today for the first time in
ten years. Col Gregory is editor OF
the Ardmore Statesman, weekly re-
publican paper. He will go to Louis
vile to visit his daughter, Mrs. E.
l.. Breaux, before returning home.
Col. Gregory is trustee of the Uni
yersity of the South and has just been
there to attend meeting.
81 do not think Oklahoma will go
republican this time" said Col. Greg
ory. "but we are going to give the
democrats the fight of their lives.
am living in the banner democratic
county of the state, but the republi.
cans are going to make a stiff fight
Our state was for Loudon, but they
are all getting in line for the ticket
and it is a strong one.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-06-18
GOVERNMENT OPERATION
OF RAILWAYS IS URGED
BY LABOR CONVENTION
RESOLUTION DEMANDING GOV.
EMINENT OPERATION ADOPT
ED BY OVERWHELMING VOTE.
PRESIDENT GOMpERS DEFEATED
Veteran Labor Leader Suffers Disas-
trous Set Back at Hands of Labor
Ing Men When They Get Beyond
His Control at Montreal Meet.
(By United Press.)

MONTREAL, June 17-Government
ownership and operation of railroads
was demanded in a resolution passed
by the annual convention of the Amer
ican Federation of Labor in session
here.
Although the resolution did not
mention the Plumb plan for operating
roads, most of the delegates regard
the adoption as an approval of the
plan. The vote on the resolution was
29059 to 8,349.
The result was a complete defeat
for Samuel Gompers, president of the
American Federation of Labor, and is
regarded as his only real set back in
years. Cheers shook the convention
hall when the vote was announced.
Miners and railroaders combined to
bring about the defeat of Gompers,
who had fought hard to kill the reso-
luton, taking the floor to deliver a
fiery speech just before the vote was
taken. He was given no applause,
however, when he warned that gov
ernment ownership and operation of
roads would mean that two million
railroad men would be government
employees and consequently would lose
their economic rights. Among the OPP
ponents of the resolution were Secre-
tary Morrison and Secretary Green, of
the miners, and many other leaders.
The vote came on the minority report.
Gompers controls the resolution COM
mittee, .es. 1 a8Qg.,a
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-06-18
SHERIFF TO ENFORCE
COUNTY WHEEL TAX LAW
OFFICERS BUSY EXAMINING ALL
VEHICLES TODAY TO SEE IF
TAGS ARE IN PLACE.

Sheriff G. X. Houser and his de-
puties today were as busy as flock
of switch engines on a crowded spur
track securing the names of those
who have not paid their county wheel
tax this year. Officers are examining
each vehicle to see that the familiar
little 1920 Road Tax tag is properly
attached. The work Of the officers Is
being done at the direction of Ator-
ney-General Looney B. White, who
a few days ago called the officers be-
fore him and directed that they see
that this law is vigorously enforced.
Scores of owners of vehicles in this
county have not yet paid their wheel
tax, and when 1t is found that pay
ment has been disregarded, evidence
will be presented to the grand jury
with the request that true bill be re-
turned against theoffender.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-06-18
GRAND JURORS
LOOKING INTO
C|TY'S WATER
CITY OFFICERS ARE SUMMONED
TO TESTIFY AS TO ITS CON.
TAMINATION.
COUNTY INQUlSITORS ARE BUSY
Long List Of Indictments Expected to
Be the Result of the Work That
Has Been Done-Many Offenses
Are Looked Into.

Contamination of the water supply
OF Columbia has been subject of in
vestigation by the grand jury now in
session. During the week a large
number OF witnesses have been sum-
moned before the grand jury to testi
fy as to the condition of the water
supply and the duty of the water and
light company.
City officials have ben among the
witnesses that have been examined
by the grand jury touching the condi
ton of the water supply and the re-
sponsibility for it. Just how the
grand jury will proceed is not known
But it is assumed that an effort will
be made to obtain indictments against
the water and light company for
maintaining nuisance. Naturally the
members Of the grand jury will not
discuss the subject.
The grand jury has had one of the
busiest and most profitable sessions
that it has held in long time. There
are several members who have been
determined to probe all alleged offens-
es, men who would never consent to
any sort of whitewash and they have
insisted upon acting upon information
presented to the jury. The result, it
is understood, will be shown in long
list of indictments that will be pre-
sented ere the jury adjourns. Next
Tuesday has been tentatively fixed
as the date for the adjournment, but
in the meantime the county institu-
tions must be visited.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-06-18
UNCLE SAM WANTS
man Who ROBBED
BANK IN MAURy.
MISSOURI SHORTY WILL NOT BE
BROUGHT TO COLUMBIA FOR
TRIAL IMMEDIATELY. t
IS WANTED BY GOVERNMENT
Will Be Taken to Oxford, North Caro-
lima to Stand Trial for Robbery of
Post Office at That Place, Bank Of
ficials Advised.

Walter Murray, otherwise known
as Missouri Shorty" wanted in Mau
ry county for the robbery of the Farm
ers & Merchants Bank at Mt. Pleas.
ant, has been lost to the county, at
least for the time being, a prior claim
having been established by United
States authorities, who will take
Shorty" to Oxford, n. c., to stand
trial there for The robbery of the Unit.
ed States postoffice at that place. In
the event Shorty is convicted in
federal court for the robbery of the
postofiice, which he is alleged to have
committed, it will be necessary for
him to serve his sentence in the fed
eral prison before he will be surren-
dered to Maury county officials. If
no conviction is secured he will then
be surrendered to this county, or pos
sibly some other county which has es-
tablished prior claim ION his ser
vices"
Officials of the looted bank in the
Phosphate City say they are confident
that Shorty is the man they
are looking for, and that all papers
necessary in bringing him back to the
scene of the crime will be prepared in
due time.
Officers here have been informed
that when Missouri Shorty was ar
rested in New York he had on his
person some $4,000 worth of war
savings stamps registered at the Mt.
Pleasant postoffice, and this with 9th
er evidence that has been secured
will be used by the prosecution when
the alleged yeggman is returned to
this county for trial.
C. A. Brownlow, president of the
Farmers & Merchants Bank, has been
exerting every energy to have "Shor,
ty'' returned to this county for trial,
but the claim of the government
stood in the way.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-06-18

NASHVILLE, Tenn, June IL
Abount thirty-five or forty delega les,
private citizens and their families are
scheduled to go to the democratic con-
yention at San Francisco June 20, IL
nal arrangements for their trans ,or-
tation having been completed yester-
day at the Office of r. c. Wallace, dis
trict passenger agent of the l.. & N.
railroad, according to Congressman
Cordell Hull, chairman of the s,ate
democratic committee on arrange
ments, who reached Nashville yester-
day.
Rooms for the Tennessee delega-
ton have been reserved at the Grand
Hotel, San Francisco, which will be
Tennessee headquarters, according to
Congressman Hull The assignment
of delegates to rooms will be made
when they get there.
The delegation, going in pullman
cars will leave Nashville at S1p. m.
June 20, arriving at ST. Lonisrat 1883
a. M. June q; Colorado Spring at
1:5s a. m, June 22; Salt Lake City,
at -: 20 p. m. June "a; Ogden, Utah,
at 1:4O D. m. June 25 and will reach
San Francisco at 5: 10 p. m. June ~.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-06-18
ANOTHER FARM SOLD
THROUGH THOMAS AGENCY
GILES coUNTIAN WILL COME
HERE JAN. 1 TO OPERATE A
BIG DAIRY PLANT.

One of the best farms on Knob creek
for its acreage, that of Horace II.
Timmons. was sold yesterday through
the s. O. Thomas agency to Allen
Reasonover, of Giles county. MI
Reasonover will not get possession oil
the farm until next year but he will
move about January l and immedi-
ately begin preparations to operate
one of the largest dairies in the coun-
ty. He already owns a large nero Oh OF
pure bred Jersey COWS and he VIII
add IN those. He is also a practical
general stock farmer and his coming
will be an addition to the RANKS ol
the progressive farmers of the couh'
ty. Mr.. Reasonover has charming
and interesting family.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1920-06-18
DEMOCRATS To SELECT
NOMINEE WITHOUT AID
OF PRESIDENT WILSON
CHIEF EXECUTIVE HAS EXPRESS
ED NO PREFEREcE FOR NOM
NATION HoNoRS.
POLITICAL OBSERVERS BUSY
Believed That Wilson viii Not Make
Public His Choice of Men, But viii
Wait Until Critical Moment and
Swing His Strength to Favorite.
(By United Press.)

WASHINGTON, June 17.-Belief
prevailed among democrats here to-
day that the San Francisco conven-
tion will begin and end without def
mite indication as to who President
Wilson's choice is for presidential
nominee. Most men make no pretense
of knowing who the President has in
mind. M
1t is admitted that the President is
displaying good political strategy, and
many political observers say that,
there are perhaps many presidential
possibilities acceptable to Wilson and
for him to accept any one of them
now would be sure 10 set in action
the anti-administratio forces. there
fore 1t is believed that the President
will wait until the. critical moment has
arrived and then swing his followers
to the strongest acceptable man.