davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
LOCAL DEADLOCK
STILL UNBROKEN
Dealings Continued of Ex-
remely Small Dimensions.
Price Changes Meaningless

1t was another uneventful. unpro-
ductive and embarrassing day in the
local market. Dealings continued of ex-
tremcly small dimensions. with the
transactions in the greater part of the
list made up of small odd los. Less than
half dozen stocks had an aggregate
turnover exceeding 100 shares. Meas
urod by the small dealings. the tone of
the list was stronger. but, as matter
OF fact, there was not sufficien interes
manifesed to determine the actual trend.
There was nothing of sufficient influ-
"nCe or Importance from local view
point in the over -the week end devcl-
opmentS to break the deadlock into
which the market has drifted. On the
contrary. the curtailment of specula-
two activity in the other important So
curlty aud commodity markets, and the
money market conditions. tended to in
t"nStfy, if anything, the indisposition
to do much either on the buying or
selling side.
Because Of the extreme narrowness Of
the market pric" changes. which were.
q" rulC. fractional. could hardly be
treated seriously. or carrying any par
ticuIar significance. Electric Storage
Battery on small dealings was 81 higher
at l2l. United Gas Improvement. on
the other hand. shaded under 46 to
4J7s. Philadelphia Electric reflected
continued dribbling liquidation. with
stock falling back to "a. last weeks low
mark. Pennsylvania Railroad declined
to 40. American Gas and PHILADELPHIA
Company cumulative preferred on light
offerings each lost y.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
MARKET Dull, WITH.
VARIABLE PRICES.
Indifferent Response to Week.
End Developments Which
Were Generally Favorable

New York. May 10.--Today's stock
exact counterpart of the aimless move
mcnt witnessed in the immediate pre-.
ccding sessions. While there were
several extremely interesting develop.
mcnts over Sunday. the now week
opened without virtually any appre-
riablc change in condition Of the mar
ket. or in character of the dealings.
Prices were variable. but apart from
the pool issues. fluctuations were con.
hned within narrow limits. The volume
OF business was small and the dealings
again "minently professional. The
opening was irregularly strong, followed
bv fair substantial rally, but the mar
ket experienced the usual reversal at
the end Of the first hour, which in turp
was succeeded by the familiar backing
and filing with diminishing dealings.
There wcrc a number Of over the
week end developments that ordinarily
could be counted upon to stimulate new
iife into the trading. Improvement in
IN" local bank situation. as indicated by
Iust saturdays returns Of the Clearing
ll0tRc and Federal Reserve Bank CON
trlbuted mcnsurably TO the firmer tone
~ Wv 'u'o'l' Dul tut eOOu lnUnpnpp
was overcome by the evidence of the
increasing credit strain at other sec.
tiOns. In so far as Wall street was con
cerned. no fault could surely have been
found in the news from Mexico. Then
there was the United States Steel
monthly tonnage statement, showing an
increase in untitled orders last month
Of 46I ,612 tons. Further advance in
prices of crude and refined oils was still
another favorable influence. To which
could be supplemented the renewal rate
Of per cent for call loans and the more
favorable crop report and much i'm
proved outlook of the railroad situation.
Except in Il few scattering individual
cases there was little or no response to
any of these factors.
The early advances met further real
iHing sales, but the oils. including the
Mexican shares, rallied easily.
Their recovery was attended by n
sharp rise in allict, shares, notably
American Cotton Oil Co.. American
Linseed and Virginia Carolina Chemi-
cal. Reading and Texas and Pacific
continued to feature the rails. Baldwin
Locomotive. the equipments and Amer
lean W0olcn the spccaltics. An irreCu
lar extension of the advance occurred
at midday, the oils. Reading and Amer
lean Woolen showing particular
strength. Moderate pressure was cx-
erted against other industrials. however,
when United States Steel failed to re.
spOnd to its further gain of untitled
tonnage.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
Commodity Markets
GRAIN MARKET

Chicago. May 10. - a commission
house absorbed offerings of corn this
morning and. after an irregular start,
the market developed strength. Trade
was fairly active.
The weather was exceptionally Ia
vornblc for crops and additional improve
mcnt was noted in the railroad situa-
ticn. Receipts We're little larger.
amounting to 80 cars. but they were
NAV opened u. cent lower, at 81 80,
and. after touching y. receded to
81 .9O%. July was quoted at Sill Is
TO S1.1l15 at the outset and moved up
IA ST 72L. September ranged from
81 Gil, TO 81 .GO8t at the outset, and
Inter sold at Il net gain Of y cent,
at S1.G1%. -, =
Oats opened easier under the lead OF
Soptcmber. Commission houses were
fairly large sellers at the outset, but
offers were taken quickly and prices
recovered promptly, Receipts were
forty one cars.
NAV started at !. cent lower at
81 OIL, and moved up to S1.O6i July
was quoted Ht 017s to 81 &c at the out >
set and later sold at net advanc" Of
&c. at 023ic September opened at IG
TO 76hc. against TGl2c at the clos"
Saturday. and later sold at 1880.
Receipts of wheat here today was .
cars.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
BONDS
TELLS NEEDS OF CHILDREN
Rev. Phillips {. ossood Points Out
Spiritual Requirements

Mothering childhood so as to care for
the spiritual needs OF the young, even
to the extent of establishing weekday
religious schools, was the theme of tho
Rev. Phillips E. Osgood's Mothers Day
address yesterday In the Episcopal
Chapel of the Mediator.
There must be given in a day when
moral stamina is the prime need an op-
portunity for the church to supplement
secular education with religious" said
the Rev. Mr.. Osgood. There must be
Willingness to CO. operate and interplay
between the church and the schools. we
cannot leave religion for Sundays; It
must be recognized by education as
day by day need. Education cannot
be cut up into separate fragments. The
child asks for education of his whole
selfhood. Education without the recog
milton of religion is merely the leading
OF the child into blind alley, instead
Of into thoroughfare. There is no
truth TO truth unless there Is the
closest identification Of knowledge with
faith"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
CURB OILS LEAD
IN ACTIVE TRADE
Group, Generally, Shows Same
Amount Of Cain--Carib
Issues Heavy

New York, May 10.--Petroleum
stocks again came to the front in to-
days trading on the Broad Street Curb.
Some Of these issues made substantial
gains and the entire group generally
showed some amount Of advance.
Most interest was attached to In.
ternationnl Petroleum, which ranged
from 3Sk to 30 and its allied company,
Tropical Oil. moved mp from 20 to %;
Phillips Petroleum was also active and
strong, selling from 1914 to 341a. Carib
issues which have been heavy for some
time, developed activity and strength,
Carib Syndicate selling at Ply to 23
and the Trading Co. sold at 100.
There was a resumption of active
trading in Tobacco Products, that stock
selling today from IA to 49,. American
Wool (right) also showed strength,
moving up from 2A to 3.
Cuban American Sugar sold at SO
and there was moderate amount Of
business in II. J. Reynolds "B' stock
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
COTTON MARKET

New York. May 1O.-Spot interests
and Liverpool bought old crop months
at the opening Of the cotton market to
day. causing an advance Of Z to II
points. New crops, feeling the effects
Of liquidation and short selling due to
favorable weather over Sunday, de
clined to 10 points.
According to private cables. there
was n good spot demand at Liverpool,
but considerable selling of the latr
months there, due to the better weather
in the South.
After the start southern selling was
feature here and the list was about 80
points lower on new crop positions.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
womar Thrown From Horse

While horseback riding in Farmount
Park near VALLEY Green yesterday. Miss
Margaret MacCulum, Thirty fourth
street above Powclton avenue, was
thrown from her horse when it became
frightened and bolted. She was picked
up unconscious and removed to st. Tim
othy's Hospital, Physicians said she
had suffered concusslon Of the brain. 4
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10

SATURDAYS FINAL QUOTATIONS.
Demand .. SS2I 1882 1877 3Oh
Gables .... 3.S3b 1880 1878 8Bh
NOTWITHSTANDING RATES

NEW NORK-Money on call. both
classes of collateral, opened today at I
per cent for lending and renewing.
conditions in the time money market
were unchanged today There we're some
small loans made at Sla per cent for
thirty and sixty days.
Prime bank acCeptanCes were slightly
easier at . per cent for thirty days :
6is per cent for sixty days. and 64 per
cent for ninety days.
Prime mercantile paper is firm in tone,
~ n : y per cent
Can loans on bank acCeptances are
unchanged at 5ia per cent.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
Financial Briefs

The average price OF twenty active
Industrial stocks advanced 1.30 per cent
on saturday to 94.75, while twenty rail-
roads advanced 0.66 per cent to 1915.
The President has signed the urgent
deficiency bill. It carries $500, 600, 900
for the railroads. ~,.
Calumet and Arizona Mining Co April
production totaled 8.176,000 pounds
against 8,614, 900 in March.
New Cornelia Copper Co. April pro-
duction totaled 100000 pounds against
3,5l6,000 In March.
Application has been made to the New
York Stock Exchange to list Middle
States OIL Corporation $500, 900 addi-
tional capital stock.
All contracts in the Pennsylvania
Railroad CO. temporary certificates for
l0-year per cent bonds, due 1880, be-
come due and must be settled for today.
The New York Subtreasury gained
S673 900 from the banks Saturday maxi
ing a cash net gain since Friday Of S4,-
46S, 900.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
GOVERNMENT BONDS
Coffee ,chanse Closed on Saturdays

New York. May 1o.--The members Of
+he New York coffee exchange this
morning voted to have no session on the
saturday preceding Decoration Day,
and also to remain closed on all satur-
days during June, July and August,
aa we'll as the first Saturday Of Sep
tember
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
LONDON STOCK MARKET
Gilt. Edged Section Hard--oIls Re,
act-IndustrIes IrreuuIar

London, May .1o.--After shown,
strength, oil shares on the stock an.
change reacted from the best today,
Mexican Eagles 11A. Mexicans wers
brighter on cables telling of the col
iapse of the Carranza regime. n
THE silt-edged section was hard
French and German loans displayed
f,rmness. Industrials were irregular "
Generally, the markets were slow bu,
steady with the Telling confident. ''
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
SPROUL TO ADDRESS CLUB
Keystone Automobile Members to
Meet In Lu ~ Temple

Governor Sproul will address the
spring meeting Of the Keystone Auto
mobile Club In Lu Lu Temple tonight
He will outline the plans OF this state
in the, matter Of its great highway con
struction program,
the greatest membership drive In tho
clubs history, which opened on Janu-
ary !, when the club consisted of 4O2l
members. Since that time 400 new
members have been enrolled, and The
total membership Is now 5421, making
y tho largest automobile club In the
eastern United States,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
Fast Buffalo. y. v. May 10,

East Buffalo. y. v. May l0.-,CATTIE- -
- q &c higher. snippinG steers, 81og,
Il; butchers, $Nal3.50 yearlings 81. 500
81 n 10 so; stockers and feeders. s7,50a 10;
fresh COWS and springers. 85c nSi 80 Calves,
IiUGS-Recrints 5000 head. Good, l5T
"a lnwer Heavy SI5.15ml5.25. mixed.
Il56lNlO: workers and light workers, $40
mlG %; pigs, Sl6; roughs, $l2@l 30; stays.
SHEEP AND LAhIBS--Reeeipts, 5000
head SSsa9ddy lambs iSgd1942S d "a S,Sag year
S8N 10 80 mixed sheep, Sl8.5O@1i
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
Leading futures ranged as follows:
LIVESTOCK QUOTATIONS.

Chicago. Nav O.-HOGs--Estimatod re-
ceipts, 80 0nO head left over. 3l07 head.
slow. few early sales steady to higher: one
load Light. $500, Average cost Saturday,
SlA,45. -, ,oo
CATTLE-Esumated receipts 21.OoO
head. ooo ,,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
NEW YORK COFFEE MARKET

New York. May 10 Disappointing
cables from Brazil caused sharp de :
cline at the oDeuing of the coffee futures
market here this morning. First prices
We're II to 21 points net lower.
The early break was not fully war
ranted by the cables and other condi-
tions and the decline met stop orders
and profit taking with only a very
scattered. demand.
Soon after the call, prices snapped
back on fresh demand, part Of which
came from New Orleans. September
selling from 1890 to 1907 and Deccm-
ber from 1913 to 14.06 before midday.
O.. o,... .o.. IN; Y. tlms)
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
Advance Price Of Crude OH

Pittsburgh. May 10-The princips,
crude oil purchasing agencies here fo.
day announced an increase OF twenty.
and thirty-five cents In Raglsnd to So Ia
These grades Of oil are produced In tho
Kentucky field ~
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
PHILADELPHIA

II,ADELPHIA-CaII s per cent
time, per cent commercial paper.
three to six months, per cent
(Note-These are merely nominal
quotations, as the legal rate Of interest
in the state of Pennsylvania is fixed at
6 per cent Plus premium and COM
mission, time money for thirty to ninety
comnercIal paper from tbra n Wiz sir
months is being discounted at and
- per cent?
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
BANK ClEARINGS

Bank clearings today compared with cor
responding dav ,ast two years.
nne ,745yj1e. -? "ss? 500 !&!S 8! sos
Baltimore li.9SS,43T 2,6b5, 09I ....,,
Boston 5i,lIi,3GS 43OH@, OO3 49,i.7 80
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
BAR SILVER

Bar silver was quoted IN London to-
lay at 61lsd an ounce, down bd.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10

LONDON-Money Is quoted at A.,
per cent. Discount rates. short bills
Ga per cent three months bills. Il-I6
n 6"I per cent.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-05-10
FOREIGN EXCHANGE

New York. May 10.-The foneign ex-
charge market opened somewhat weaker
this morning, nearly all the exchanges,
with the exception OF marks. which rose
.o2 to l.94. being off slightly from last
Saturdays close.
Sterling was quoted at 3.S2I. for de-
mand and cables sold at 3.s3h Francs
were unchanged.
Other quotations we're:
Belgian cables 6.7l, checks go:
Swiss cables 1881, checks 1876. guild
er. cables 36h, checks 36as pesetas
cables 1892, checks 1885; Stockholm
cables 21.25, checks 21.lO; Christiania
cables 1915, checks 1900; Copenhagen
cables 1905, checks 1890.
SATURDAYS FINAL QUOTATIONS.
Sterling Francs LIRE Guiders
Demand &c.. Ss2I 1882 1917 30h
TODAY,s OPENING QUOTATIONS
Sterling Francs Lire Guilders
Cs6ss cs@sHd " $s. $$ssS. ,!33ss55 $S.2S $S2S ss% ss%
NOON QUOTATIONS.
Sterling Francs Lire Gullders
Demand .... 3s8it 1892 2O.@7 3RiS
Cables 49,. a,SI 1880 30,3i $SIS
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1920-05-11
TIRED ALL
THE TINE
NO 7APPETlTE
elotched. Know What the
Trouble Is?
1T Is PROBABLY YOUR BLOOD
The Blood Is Often sluggish in the
Spring and Needs Purifying--Fepto
Mangan WIFI Help ~

The blood is life itself, and when
your blood gets out OF order, nothing
seems right! You are blue, discour-
aged and out-of9serts. Food loses its
taste, and sleep does. not seem to re-
fresh you, You don't want to work,
and cannot have a good time.
Then you say to yourself, Whats
the matter with me, anyway" May
be you think OF your blood, and may
be you don't.
Spring is here. And Spring. more
than any other season, is the time
people suffer most from blood dis
orders. Sometimes it is just Spring
Fever" but Conscientious. hard
working folks really suffer from
Spring Fever.
They drive themselves. and worry
and fret-but get little done. Neither
body nor mind Will function properly
till the blood has purged itself of the
winter accumulS tion of poisons-till
1t ceases to be sluggish-tilE 1t has
regained its color and strength.
Years ago people took sulphur and
molasses in the Spring to help their
blood But nowadays. instead. they
take Pepto-Mangapi a niceitasting
agreeable undoubtedly effective bleod
tonic. Pepto-Mangap is approved by
physicians everywhere 1t has helped
thousands of rundown. listIess PEG
pie get back their lold-time vfgor and
enthusiasm :.
Everyone in your family should
take a good blood purifier and build
err this Spring. Get Pepto-Mangan
today. Your druggist has it, in both
liquid and tablet form. Ask for
GUIDES PeptoMangan and see that
the name. Guides" is on the pack
age.-Adv.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1920-05-11

and best bidder for cash. starting at
twelve o'clock, noon. Saturday, May
Is, at 1920 Reynolds street, in the
city of Brunswick, Georgia, the fol-
lowing personal property Of Mrs. R.
l.. Ringo, estate, deceased, all of the
household furnishings of every kind.
Said sale to he made from the resi-,
dence, as said property is cumber
some and expensive to move to the
court house. There lisa lot of ~valu-
able household furnishings to be dis
posed of at said sale, and anyone de-
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1920-05-11

This recent. picture of Postmaster
General Albert Sidney Burleson
shows him dressed as he has been for
eyer a quarter of century. He has
carried an umbrella every day, rain
or shine, since he was forced to use
a cane temporarily as young. man.
He has, worn. the same model hat
for many years-until only one little
store in San Antonio. Texas. can sup
ply him. His, shoes are old style, too.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1920-05-11

string to make purchase of such, it
would pay to go and look them over.
Mr.. Ringo is at the residence at
and after five o'clock each afternoon
and will take pleasure in letting any
one interested in the purchase Of
these effects look them over.
This the Bird day of May, 1920.
Samuel D. Sproul, Administrator,
Estate Mrs. H. l.. Ringo.
J. 7. Powell, Attorney
for Administrator.
5-5-11 ID.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1920-05-11
ADMINISTRATORS SALE

State of Georgia Glynn County:
Under and by virtueof the author
ity granted by the court of Ordi-
nary, April 81, 1920, there will be
sold at public outcry, to the highest
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1920-05-11
the Strong Withstand The Heat or
Summer Better Than The Weak a

Old people who are feeble and younger people who
are weak. will be strengthened and enabled to
60 through the depressing heat of summer by TAX
ing GROVES TASTELESS chill TONIC. 1t purifea
and enriches the blood and builds up the whole
system. You can soon feel its Strengthening, In
MIGRATING Efec, Soc.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1920-05-11

BIG MONEY IN OIL. Greatest op-
portunity for investor. 10 per cent
assured. Write for particulars.
The Golden Triangle Oil Co., PIT
Simon Bldg, Shreveport. La. 5-12
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-11-02

company has arranged with the New
York County Chapter or the Red
Cross to give the course of train
ing in first aid and home nursing
to some hundreds of maids repors.
ing to its New York terminal.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-11-02
FIGHTING THE BOIL WEAVIL
SHOWN BY MOTION PICTURES

Washington--Heip for southern
cotton growers in the fight against
the boil weevil is being prepared by
the United States Department of
Agriculture in the form of motion
picture, showing the methods used
in controlling the weeyil by means
of calcium arsenate poisons apple
by busting machines. The views.
which will not be available for use
unit the first part of January. will
show the apparatus used, which COW
ers a large area in day, and the
detailed parts and methods of ope"-
alton, together with fields of COZ
ton, and individual cotton plants,
bolls, and ginned cotton where the
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-11-02
RED CROSS TO FILM
DISASTERS AND FLOODS.

Red Cross officials at Southwesterr
Division Headquarters of the Red
Cross in st. Louis have announced
the release of a number of new films.
L is planned to film disasters, such
as fires, floods and explosions in
hich the Red Cross renders relief.
Films and photographs will be re-
leased for national distribution. The
Red Cross Bureau of Pictures l.
making every effort to provide films
which will meet with the popular de-
mand, and at the same. time serve as
a means OF spreading educational in
formation.
Pictures released recently are
"The Story of the Orange" THE
Mosquito Menace In Florence
Nightingale's Footsteps and "Fiv
Dangers There will BE- a picture
showing the work of the Red Cross
at Evergreen Md, the hospital for
men blinded in the war; one show
ing Queen Elizabeth of Rouman;a
among her people; and one of Bel
gium arising from the desolation
left in the wake of the invader.
The expanded Red Cross motion
picture program, which will be an
nounced in detail very soon. provides
for q travel series of motion pic
lures taken by its own photograph
ers abroad and at home These pie
lures are of scenes and events OF
general interest, not necessarily Re-
lated to Red Cross activities.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1920-11-02
TEN CHICKS ON RETAINED LIST
NATIONAL COMMISSION ADVISES
IN ANNOUNCEMENT ". A. PLA YERS
Ronrke. divide N. sayro.

Bourke. clyde n Sayre
Okmulgee Fay Lisle, Geo. Adair
a. +. Miller, Arthur Hensling, Howard
Mccurg, clyde Wren Walter Up
church Earl smith, Adolph IIoltzhou-s
en- D. Browne Walter Fromm, Eddie
Bsennon, Jewell Windle, Wayne Wyn-
die, Elmondson, Clyde McCarty,
Enid John Biggers, Edward Stew
ald w p. Lowrance. Carl Lawrance
George Dye, Benny Marxan.
Chickasha Eddie Neusel Moses
Poolaw Harry Smith, f. Shirley, Ned
Pettigrew Claude TurnbuH, Felix
Jaouhic, Raymond sbeako John Ma
roney Sidney Groom
Umpires-L. II. Johnson, Pete Hau-
ser G. G. Kraft, T. L. Coss, W Set
ley.
Lisle, Hensling, who belonged to
the Pacific coast league, McCIurg,
Smith, Browne and Brennan are the
only members of last years Okmulgee
team, not ON the Tulsa reserve list.
Pawhuska had not sent in its re
serve list and according to the enact
ment Of last year they have perma-
nently retired from organized bali,
for their playing days viii be over
before the expiration OF the i've wears
ostracization of contract jumpers.
This list included. from plumrght.
larry Darcy Dinah Wright N'yiie
Hines Roes Crawford, Buggs Mcpcn
ala. Olnulsee-A. D. (gyp) Haley;
Chickasha Mike Kennedy, A. II,
Clarke. Henryetta carries Harry
Burge, Joe Cassazza and sterlin
Jones on the suspended list and
Springfield has c. A. Callan and sid-l