The Newark journal., 1920-01-22

false Walls so constructed ss to inter dPreparea by the United States Depart
 meut of AgriCuiture1
 h the biz battle which he wages every winter 10 destroy q portion of maaktnais food stores, Jack Frost fnds the careless shipper of potatoes an effective ally Potatoes. sweet and white ar. shipped to market in large quantities throughout the cold season and demand thorough protection, since touch of frost renders them practically worthless. While the farm CT himself iS not directly responsible for fault. shipment if he sells to dealer who daes the loading, lie is in better position to demand a square deal if he understands how to protect winter eonsienments properly. If the crop is being marketed on eommis- sion basis the grower fs sure to suffer the braHt of the losses when the frost gets in effective work.
 The directions for preparing box car for potato shipments given here with are in accord with recommends tions of the bureau of markets. and apply to winter shipments of sweet potatoes destined for northern points, as well as to white potatoes.
 Importance of Circulation.
 X stove will warm enough air to pro- teet q ear of potatoes from freezing even in severe weather providing the car lining is built and kept in such condition that the warm air can get down to the floor and sides where it k needed To accomplish this I com Plete air passage must be formed en- tirclF around the load. When pota- toes are loaded in bulk it is necessary to construct what are in effect two bins. one an either side of the central area where the stove k placed. if the shipment is likely to pass through O. were weather Tn many cases, of course, 1t is entirely safe to ship with out artificial heat in the car.
 Before constructing the bins the walls and ceiling of the car itself must be covered with building paper. Fol lowing this q false floor is Laid on sup ports running len4thWiso thereby ere atug air channels i to ( Inches deep, extending beneath the false floor from Che center of the ear fo either end where they connect with vertical air passages termed hy false walls built 1 to [ iuces from fhe ear ends. Likewise. false "a11s arc lujlt few inches frcm the siGes and false door is erected at one sda for stovepire. Bulk heads ale h,t across ti.e car at either sle of the door 10 form well for the stove These walls is well as the cen fer bulbhaads. rise well toward the ceiling, Tbe bins are lined With pa per fhe same as the ear walls. The false floor supports permit the cool air to settle heloU the false floor and To move toward the base of the stove where f rfsrs as 1t is heated and cir culatea towards the end of the car, between the load and the ceiling.
 Material Needed for Lining.
 \ rough estimate of the lumber and paper required to line an $ by sf5 by 3G foot ear with doors feet wide is as follows:
 E pieces ? by inches by II feet long.
 IIeGes 2 b5. inches by It feet long.
 l3a square feet Of 1-inch lumber, IS feet long.
 2250 square feet of building paper.
 The 13 "two-by-foursa should be sawed in half making % pieces I feet long. Six inches should be sawed off the length of each of the eight by 6 inch pieces Enough of the 16-foot boards should be sawed into S-foot lengths to make total width of 57 feet of S-foot boards, and other of these boards sawed into G-foot lengths to make d total width of i feet. This will leave few 4-foot lengths. One foot should be sawed off the remaining 16-feet boards, leaving them 15 feet long. This lumber Is all that is re- ouired hy an experienced loader to completely equip car with false walls and bulkheads. Detailed directions. easily understood, are contained in Markets Document IT. issued by the United States department of asrseul- ture.
 Proper Placing of Load.
 The shipper of potatoes must re- member that they should not be loaded close enough to the ceiling to block circulation. There must be large, unobstructed opening for the warm air to pass down to the floor after it has spread the length of the ceiling from the heater. The circulation Is slow and labored. and to limit it by nling the sacks so they extend beyond the false walls causes serious inter- ference. In placing the sacks on the false floor next to the walls. care should be taken to set them few inches from these partitions, since