davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04

so far discovered is so far away that even In the largest telescopes 1t appears only as nebuous star: it's true nature was not discovered until 1912 The dis
 lance of this cluster is about 20000 light years.
 Figure 3, from drawing by Harlow Shapley of the Mount Wilson Solar Ob- servatory, shows a section of our great , ly extended. but very much flattened, Milky Way cloud, with the positions of the spherical clusters projected on the plane of this section. Every cluster Is so very far away that we see only it's brightest stars. Thus, in the cluster at c. FiGlre 1. the average brightness of the stars which we see is 100 times that of our sun. Our own sun, were 1t re- moved to this cluster, would appear to us of magnitude 21.5. and would not ap- pear on any photograph Sirius, the greater Dog Star, would appear of mag
 nitude 17.5 and would Joe just visible. Moreover, the stars in any spherical cluster are very much crowded together. Within sphere so large that it in cludes 20 stars in the vicinity of our sun, there are no less than 15,000 stars
 in the cluster at c. These are, indeed, marvellous aggregations of stars. Appar- ently it Is only in empty space that the stars of an irregular cloud can, as the ages go by, arrange themselves, in a perfectly spherical form. Within our Milky Way cloud the disturbing pull of innumerable other suns would make this impossible. It is, therefore. not surpris- ing that although the spherical clusters are found upon the borders of our uni verse of stars, none found within it. ERIC DOOLITTLE.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04
THE PLANETS IN LILLY

HE fLANEIS IN JUL1
 Mercury is so far north of the equa- ter and its eastern elongation, which occurred on June 29, was so great that It may still be seen for many evenings during the first part of July. It should be looked for low in the northwest, t, just after sunset In the telescope 1t will be seen to be very rapidly narrow ing to a crescent, as 1t approaches the suns rays. It will enter tho morning sky on July 26.
 Venus enters the evening sky on July 3, but 1t will be much too close to the sun to be observed during the present month. It will, however, stead fly withdraw from the suns rays and by the end of the year 1t will set more than three hours after sunset. It will then be very conspicuous ob- ject In the western sky.
 Mars during the month will move cut of Virgo and into Libra. It may be seen approaching the interesting, gold e1., double star at H, but it will not pass this star until August 9. As the distance of Mars is steadily increasing, 1t will lose one-third of its brightness during the month very interesting occultation of the Red Planet will oc- cur at 1 a. Tn. on July 23, but this will, unfortunately, be invisible throughout the United States. as Mars will have set by this time.
 Jupiter is midway between Leo and Cancer, but it is now so low in the west that 1t can be viewed for but few hours after sunset. On August 22 it becomes morning star. There are bu- four phenomena of its satellites which can be see nduring the present Etcnth, as follows: On July 5, hours minutes, the second satellite will en- ter upon a transit; on July 12, at hours 26 minutes, the first satellite will emerge from transit; on July IS, at hours IS minutes, the third satellite will disappear behind the planet, and on July 19, at hours 10 minutes, the first satellite will enter upon transit. (All times are Eastern standard time.)
 Saturn is near the center of the con stellation Leo, still in excellent posi- ton for observation in the early even ins. We now see it's rings so nearly edgewise that they appear very mar row in the telescope, and their width will diminish one-quarter during the present month. They will not, however entirely disappear until next November At that time Saturn will be a morning star.
 On July 4, at hours 10 minutes a.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04
S3,OOO.OOO WANTED BY ''OLD VIRGINIA" AS BIRTHDAY GIFT
University Pounded By Thomas Jefferson to Cele- brate CentenniaI-Funds
 Needed for Buildings

Charlottesville, Va, July S.-A birthday gift of $S,OOo,OOO from the alumni and friends of the University of Virginia to commemorate the first 100 years of the educational and public service rendered the state and nation by the institution, is planned by a committee consisting of rep resentatives from the board of visitors, the president and faculty and the general alumni association of the university
 A committee has been appointed to per- feet the organization which will present the needs of the university to its alumni and friends throughout the country and give them the opportunity of participating during the coming year In this birthday gift, which is expected to be presented to the university at the centennial cele- bration, to be held in June, 1921.
 Plans for the celebration and the en- dowment fund were under way in 1917, when the United States entered the war. The centennial was to have been held in June, 1919, the hundredth anniversary of the founding of the University of Virginia by Thomas Jefferson. Both of these proj- ects were abandoned at the outbreak of the war and the activities of the un,-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04

they responded with subseripsionS s2,, .0o0. according 10 the anx report of the activities of the WomasE Missionary Union, mace to the Sout4 ern Baptist convention today by &izi Ks thleen Mallory. of Baltimore. cor res bonding secretary
 Many laymen who had never oeef. active in religious work were reached In that way and became leaders ifl the promotion of the denominatioasl prog s2mme.
 DuSag the campaign 2,S0O girls anc ycrng women volunteered to give theu wlcie time to specia. Christian serv3 ice. 1900 new missionary societiet afoong the women, and young people were organized s,4Oc, 900 pages ca tracts and other literature were dis tr!buted in behalf of the campaign and fs.000 letters were sent out ano over 33,0oO miles were travelled in th. interest of the drive by two of t1~, Wemen's Missionary Union workers
 A total of s,200 new organizations were formed by the Baptist womeI during the last year and over S,4oe mission study classes were conducted
 The eight-hour day has been estaa lished in all the shops and factories Mayaguez, Porto Rico. tIF.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04

m (Eastern standard time), the earth VII be at it's greatest distance from the sun. It will then be 3,230.000 miles farther away than when it was nearest the sun on last January 8.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04

on July 4. at hours 10 minutes a.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04
"Sharpshooters of Paris"

The Tank "carpet-baggers or farls are the latest addition to the thrlv liiS American colony of the French cap eat Only, fortunately. this armistlce ciique N do not thrive. They talk gHoly III terms of thousands of francs and then uorder where the next meal Is coming from Even "Corned William" would taste good to them.
 Tn the Home Sector, the ex-soldiers magazine conducted by the former eai- torial council of the Stars and stripes in telling of the activities of the for- mer service men who are trying to corner the goldfish" market or Eu- rope, Dabney Horton says: The A. E. F. has left Paris and the A. F. in F. is leaving-leaving behind 1t small army of civilians, ex-doughboys, ex- gobs and ex-shavetails, recently de- mobilized in France, to take up the battle of life as 1t exists for them be- tween Montmartre and the Place de la Concorde. Their wits have been sharp ened by constant clashes with the boches and the M. P's and few Of them are hampered by family ties.
 Such are the sharpshooters of Paris, the 1ineal descendants of the original carpet -baggers who swarmed south ward to overrun the reinstated south ern Confederacy fifty-four years ago. These latter day spoilers carry no car pet-bags; their impedimenta and mu- nitions are toted in that cramped, spheroidical area between the hat band and the neck band
 The French name for this species is 'franc-tireur.' or sharpshooter, in the war of business. For they belong to no known regiment of organized en- deavor. They are neither bankers nor salesmen. nor employees nor manufac- turers, yet they take chance shots at the profits of all of them.
 You see them on the boulevard cor ners and if they are speaking incau- tiously loud (everyone now speaks English in Paris). you may overhear such phrases as these:
 Big dea1-got the option until to- night-hundred and fifty thou sand cases-fifty thousand francs-lend me ten francs until tonight.''
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04

It is believed that a Cepheid variable is a pulsating star, and that it is its periodic change in shape that causes its outbursts of light.
 It. is remarkable that there has been established a definite connection between the absolute brightness of a Cepheid variable and it's period of variation. This connection is shown in Figure 2, which is a curve based upon more than 20 variable5. Thus we see that the long CT the period is the greater is the ab- solute brightness of the star If the period is l2 hours, the star when placed at units distance would appear Of magnitude-0.3, which is about 30 times the brightness of our sun. If the period Is 10 days. however, the magnitude will be-30; that is. the absolute brightness would be about 10 times as great as in the other case.
 Thus we can find the absolute bright ness of a star when we know it's period.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04

That these stars in the spherical clus- ters appear to us so very faint must be because they are so very far away from us. Thus, the average apparent bright ness of the stars in the cluster in Gen. taurus is 12.3 while that of the stars in the cluster at c is 140. Evidently the stars of the first cluster appear to us about six times as bright as those of the second because they are so much nearer to us.
 In this way (and by several other methods. which we have not space to descrfbe), the absolute distances of the spherical clusters are found. The results by all different methods are in excellent agreement. They all concur in showing that these clusters are entirely outside of our Milky Way cloud of stars, the nearest of all being the cluster in Gen. taurus, whose light requires 21,30o years to come to us. The most distant of all
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04

Members of the Journeyn1en Tailors Union in Detroit will shortly establish a store to supply the necessi- ties of life to their members at cost price.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04

By agreeing to arbitrate their wage de- mands. more than 2500o0 cotton mill op- eratives in Great Britain will remain at tneir Iohs until a satisfactory adjust ment is made
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-07-04
THE STARRY SKIES IN JULY


In this midsummer month the strik- ing Scorpion, with its fiery rod Antares, is found exactly on. the meridian in the south. Almost overhead are the great groups. Hercules and Bootes, with the delicate little Northern Crown be- tween them, while the fall groups of Cygnus and Delphinus have risen well up from the ground in the east.
 The observer can now trace out Ser pens and Ohicuchus, the very extended, though rather faint, groups of the Ser pert and the Serpent Holder, and the whole eastern borders of these con- stellations. and the whole summer branch of the Milky Way. from Sagit- taTius to Cepheus, will well repay ex- animation with a small telescope.
 In short, the whole summer sky, though so much fainter, will be found no less interesting than that of win ter Having traced out many or all of the brighter cancellations with the grip of Figure 1. the observer may se- lect any region of the heavens for ex- ploration and study, confident that he will find much of interest in any part. But for this work he should have good star atlas, which will show him the location of innumerable colored, double and variable stars, as well as tie brighter star clusters. nebulas and star clouds
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-03-26
FARMERS INSPECT COLLEGE.
Corn Belt Beef Producers Study Ed
tension Work at Ames.

SptCidl 10 llies- ftepupuCth.
Anes, March 2s.-A special COM
mittee Of the Corn Belt Reef Pro
ducers' Association has just COM
pleted a frst- hand study Of me work
OF Iowa State College. NPsesiucnr a.
Sykes of the association app, tied
the committee at the reques. Of
President r. A. Pearson of the COL
lege. President Sykes spent one day
as Ames with the committee: it's
members. A. L. Ames, Of Bucking-
ham: II. A. Foster, of Farlham, and
w. P. Dawson, Of Aurelia, were on
the campus longer.
The object of this inspection was "a
learn fully what the college and I-s
experiment stations and extension
depa rtnents are doing IN behalf of
agriculture and 70 learn how .hcir
usefulness to the farmer may he in
creased. I'VE at the college need
this sort Of inspection so that we
may at all times keep our work
closely related to Iowa's needs and
interests" said President Pearson.
While much Of the committees time
was spent with the agricultural ac-
tivit.es at Ames, 1t also studied the
work In engineering. veterinary
also the investirational work In the
field Of chemistry. bacteriology. bot
any and entomology, which have so
much to do IN a fundamental way
with agriculture
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-03-26
FUEL TO Be HIGH IN PRICE AND
DIFFICULT TO OBTAIN, SAYS
WEBSTER.
WAGE AND FREIGHT
RAISES PASSED ON
Shortage Of Freight Cars and Addi'
tional Prospect Of Trouble With
Miners Presass Scarcity Of Coal
Next Winter Large Consumers
Urged to Begin to Store Supply
Special to Times Republican.

Special to Times Republican.
Des Moines. March s6.--There are
difficulties ahead for the coal con-
sumner, In the opinion Of State Rail-
road Commissioner Charles Webster
who served as fuel commissioner for
Iowa during the war and again took
the fuel commission helm last De-
cember when the coal strike came
on.
Commissioner Webster believes
that the increase granted the
miners will be passed along to the
consumers in part II not altogether
Freight rates will go up so pei
cent September list, next, and this
will likewise be passed on to the
consumer.
The shortage of freight cars and
railroad equipment grows more seri-
Gus, making it increasingly difficult
for the railroads to handle their
business.
There is a possibility of another
strike of coal miners April / when
the new scale for the coming year
is to be agreed upon.
These are the conditions which the
country is facing and which vii!
again make coal scarce and hard 10
get, in the opinion of Commissioner
Webster. Early storing OF coal will
again be necessary, he believes, if a
serious STORAGE is avoided when
cold weather comes.
The buy-coal- early program was
also recommended by the presidents
commission which has just reported
its findings on the coal strike con-
troversy. All public institutions
municipalities, state and federal agen-
cies especially are urged to buy their
next winters coal supply and put II
in storage before July first.
In Chicago 1t is estimated that
the new freight rates going into
effect September first will add 50 pei
ton TO eastern coal and eighty cents
per ton 10 coal from southern Illi-
nois.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-03-26
.Iowa Me.ps Items

oArwsr-WaSm days and flowing
sap mean maple sugar time hero.
The town abounds In hard maple
trees and many citizens arc impress
Ing their trees into the business OF
beating the high cost Of sugar. Many
gallons Of real maple syrup will be
made here this spring. the kind our
forefathers gathered In the woods OF
Maine and Vermont.
Waterloo - Thomas McCausland.
former Waterloo policeman. whose
death was momentarily expected fol-
lowing a fall at the Sioux Falls PEN
itentiary where he acted as . guard.
did not sucoumb. but Is recoverins
from a broken neck-a' rare case.
News received hero states that Mo-
Causland was able to walk from the
infirmary, where his neck was placed
in plaster cast, to his home.
Sioux City-Robert 'Blackie" VIII
son, arrested in Kansas CITY several
weeks ago, pleaded guilty to the
charge Of robbing tho bank at Leeds
a suburb Of Sioux City. June Z, 1919
Liberty bonds valued at $4,000 were
taken. It was daylight Job, three
other mon being engaged. Two OK
them are now doing time at Fort
Madison for robbery Of tho bank AT
westfield, Iowa, last fall. Wilson was
sentenced to a term Of twenty years
at Fort Madison.
IndianoIa-A public playground 10
in prospect here. to be established
this spring. A part of Buxton park
will be utilized. The initiative was
taken by the city council, and II nee
essary the city will probably assist
In the equipment of the grounds.
Des Moines-The 1921 Welsh Els
teddfod Of Iowa will be held IN Des
Moines. probably about Thanksgiv-
ing, instead OF in the spring. Decf-
sion to hold II here was reached
last night. Waterloo, Cedar Rapids,
and ottumwa had invited the Els
tedfod next year. 90.
Lamoni-Left dazed by Influenza
and oyerwork, T. T. Forbes. OF this
city. who strayed to Des Moines sew
eral days ago and has been missing
during that time, has returned home.
Mr.. Forbes, according to reports hao
secured work in Des Moines and olo
not realize that he was being sought
nv anxious relatives until he saw his
picture in the daily papers. He I'M
mediately wired his family.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-03-26
Uses SERMONS oH STRIKERS.
Labor coneiIiator Says Religion u
Most Effective Method.
BY Associated Press.

BY Associated Press.
Cleveland, O., March 26.-The ap-
neal of the revivalist to the religious
feeling is more effective in settling
labor disputes than is calculated arg
ument, according to ]. j. Walsh, fed
eral labor conciliator of Indianapolis.
For two years he has been bringing
strikers and employers together by
sermons. And yet he says he never
heard an evangelist.
Sometimes it's a little difficult az
the start to break thru the hard
crusts Of manufacturers and labor
men" Mr.. Walsh declared. but
down In almost every mans heart
is a religious feeling and once no Is
convinced of ones sincerity. he does
not wait long to follow.
"A settlement based on genuine
| righteousness and repentance
much more sound than an adjust
ment Of details, leaving bitter feeling
still ranking on one side or the 9TH
err"
Mr.. Walsh Just settled a packers
strike here. involving about l,6o'
men. A year ago he settled sim
liar strike in st. Joseph. Mo-, where
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-03-26
News Of Eldora.

Special to Times hepuolcan-
Eldora, March 2s.-James A
Kammary. aged "A years, a resident
of Hardin county for many years
died Thursday at his home in Eldora
Mr.. Kammary was a civil wal
veteran and for years resided on
farm in Jackson township, previous
to his removal to Eldora. He Is
survived by his widow and severa'
nephews and n.eces. The funeral
service probably will be held Satur-
day in charge of the Rev. r. L,
Smith. Of the Methodist Episcopal
church. of which Mr.. Kammary was
a member for many years.
District court adjourned here
Thursday and the April session will
begin on Monday, April u. with
Judge E. NJ. Mccall. OF story county,
on the bench. Judge Thompson.
who adjourned the term here Thurs
day. begins session in Hamilton
county Monday and from there goes
to Clarion.
In the case of Bowdish vs. Bowdish
wherein tl6 pialutIH dohcu Az "a
vorce and 5000 alimony. Judge
Thompson granted the decree and
$500 altmony. In the case OF De-
Vol VS.. Devoll, where the husband
was the plaintiff and asked for d.
vorce on the ground of cruel and In
human treatment, the Judge gave the
woman the decree and the custody OF
the two minor children. granting her
also s1s per week as alimony. All
four litigants are residents Of Iowa
Falls.
Mrs. Cleo Cox, Of iowa Falls, has
fled a petition In the office Of the
clerk Of the district court asking for
divorce from her husband, J. W. Cox,
Mr.. and Mrs. J. F. Hardin have
gone to southern California where
they expect to spend several weeks.
Robert Quick Is home from several
months spent at different points in
southern California.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-03-26
HAMPTON LEGION GERS HOME.

q. A. r. Veterans Pass On TO World
War Soldiers Their Building.
Special to Times Republican.
Hampton. March 2s.-'To erect .
memorial and community building In
memory OF all soldiers, sailors and
marines who have served In the
armies OF the United States during the
war Of the rebellion. tho spanish
American war. and In the world war;"
and ito provide special room IN
said building, for the use Of the j.
W. Mckenzie post No. 81. OF tho O.
A. r.. and to be later used as q spe-
cial memorial room" for the preser-
walton OF their records, papers,
relics. flags. insignia. etc., said room
to be maintained as a permanent
memorial to the comrades OF the
Grand Army of the Republic only"
are hut a few Of the provisions OF
a resolution passed by the @, A. r.
post of this city.
BY the terms Of the resolution.
George A. Aldinger Post No. 1873, OF
the American Legion comes into pos
session of the present building that
has been used as q memorial build
ing for several years, and members
OF the legion are assured by the city
council that Hampton would be WILL
ing TO donate the two lots upon which
the building is located. The location
Is one Of the choicest and the value
of the lots is easily $4,000. A COM
mittee OF the Legion with Walter I.
Robinson as chairman, is at work
on plans, for a community memorial
building and it Is very likely that the
veterans and the people of the county
in general. II Is Acknowledged that
the county owes the men debt. and
no more appropriate method of COM
memorating their sacrifices is Known.
The resolution further provides for
the preservation OF the names o. all
members of the G. A. r. Post, to be
carved in stone, and also recites that
the Legion are worthy successors Of
the Grand Army, and will continue to
foster and perpetuate real American
ism