Bisbee daily review., 1920-08-15
O|L STALE MAY SUPPLY FUTURE
 NEEDS IF U. {.
Expert Gives Interesting Lecture on Little. Known
 Oil Source

A paper on "On Shale and the Eduction of Shale Oil" was present. ed at the last technical meeting of the Bisbee Chapter of the American Association of Engineers by H. A. interest in the United States at this time and extracts from Lund's paper are given here.
 on shale does not contain oil in its usual form. It is a consolidated mud or clay deposit which contains certain, complex components of oil which the Scotch called "kerogen." This is really an uncooked oil.
 Rhe Application of great pressure, or a vacuum. or submergences in wa ter has no effect on oil shale as far as extraction of oil is concerned The snale oil can be obtained only by the application of heat. Heat volatilizes the 'kerosen" which, by proper con- densation, is turned into the best known grade of petroleum.
 In appearance the shale is black, brownish-black, gray, yellowish or white, according to the locality. It is usually fine grained with some lime and occasionally sand. It is tough. but in thin sections, friable When broken to a fresh surface it may give an odor like petroleum. Thin pieces usually burn with sooty flame. Oil shale is not oil sand In the oil sand oil is contained as such and can be extracted in many different ways. without heat.
 Oil shale is one of long list of natural deposits which resulted from the decomposition of organic matter from plants or animals of a former geologic era; like anthracite, bitum- inous and brown coal, peat, petrole- um and asphaltum. Beds of oil shale were laid down in lagoons or wide expanses of quiet water. They con tain large amounts of organic mat ter; low forms of plant life, pollen, fish scales, insects, and remains of animal and vegetable life sometimes changed beyond recognition.
 In the United States large deposits of oil shale are found in Colorado ard it is also found in Kentucky, Utah, Wyoming. Nevada, Montana and Cal ifornia. It is found in many other parts of the world.
 The oil shale industry has reached its greatest development in Scotland where it originated in the early six ties and was first mined and success fully treated. In France the product is produced with the aid of govern ment premium to enable competition with oil we'll production. Shades there produce 50 gallons of oil per ton and five companies are operating In Australia shades are reported to produce 100 gallons of oil to the ton and 70 pounds of ammonium sul- phate.
 The Colorado oil shales are the richest in the west, and as they are also the most accessible, they are the most talked of, especially by the fake nil promoters. The most access sible beds in Colorado are those lOuHu III llc Gi anu Ndllcy ulSlliCt. The United States government has set aside 45,000 acres of oil shale lands here for the navy. This re serve comprises beds of an estimated depth of from 200 to 500 feet, and will furnish enough oil to keep the navy supplied for several centuries after production starts. In the Grand river district there is one cliff of pure oil shale 1000 feet high, and 800 feet from the bottom of this cliff is 50 foot vein of oil shale that as- says over 120 gallons of crude oil per ton, and about 20 pounds of ammoni- um sulphate. The rest of the shale in this cliff assays about 50 gallons of oil, and IS to 20 pounds of am monium sulphate to the ton. The