davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Weekly journal-miner., 1920-10-27
THE HIGH CONTRACTING

THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES
 In order to promote international cooperation and to achieve interna tional peace and security
 by the acceptance oi obligations
 not to resort to war,
 by the prescription of open, just
 and honorable relations be-
 tween nations,
 by the firm establishment of the
 understandings of international
 law as the actual rule of con-
 duct among Governments, and by the maintenance of justice
 and scrupulous respect for
 all treaty obligations in the
 dealings of organised peoples
 with one another,
 Agree to this Covenant of the League of Nations.
 ARTICLE l.
 The original Members of the League of Nations shall be those of the Signatories which are named in the Annex to this Covenant and also such of those other States named in the Annex as shall accede without reservation to this Covenant. Such accession shall be effected by Dec laration deposited with the Secretar- fat within two months of the coming into force of the Covenant Notice thereof shall be sent to all other Members of the League.
 Any fully self-goycrning State, Dominion or Colony not named in the Annex may become d Member of the League if its admission is agreed 10 by two-thirds of the Assembly, provided that it shall give effective guarantees of its sincere intention to observe its international obligations, and shall accept such regulations as may be prescribed by the League in regard to its military, naval and air forces and armamentS.
 Any Member of the League may, after two years notice of its inten- ton so to do, withdraw from the League, provided that all its interna- tional obligations and all its obliga- tions under this Covenant shall have been fulfilled at the time of its with drawal
 ARTICLE 2.
 The action of the League under this Covenant shall be effected through the instrumcntality of all Assembly and of a Council, with a permanent Secretariat,
 ARTICLE 3.
 The Assembly shall consist oI Representatives of the Members oI the League
 The Assembly shall meet at stated intervals and from time to time a: occasion may require at the Seat o the League or at such other place as may be decided upon.
 ARTICLE 1.
 The Council shall consist of Rep rcsentatives of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers, togethc with Representatives of four othc Members of the League. These fou Members of the League shall be SC lected by the Assembly from time tc time in its discretion Until the ap pointment of the Representatives O the four Members of the League frs selected by the Assembly, Reprcscn tatives of Belgium Brazil. Spain an, Greece. shall be members of tn Council.
 With the approval of the majorit.
Weekly journal-miner., 1920-10-27
FULL TEXT F THE WSONSMUTSS CECIL LEAGUE OF NATIONS COENAN
Official Taken from Senate Mo- for Readers

ecution of agreements with re- gard to the traffic in women and children, and the traffic in opium and other dangerous drugs; (d will entrust the League with the general supervision Of the trade Ill arms and ammunition with the countries in which the control of this traffic is necessary in the common interest;
 (e) will make provision to secure and maintain freedom of communica- tions and of transit and equitable treatment for the commerce of all Members of the League. In this connection, the special ncc- esSities of the regions deTastat- ed during the war of 191+l91S shall be borne in mind; (D will endcavor to take steps in matters of international concern for the prevention and control of disease.
Weekly journal-miner., 1920-10-27
ARTICLE 21

Nothing in this Covenant shall be deemed to affect the validity of in- ternational engagements, such as treaties of arbitration or regional un- derstandings like the Monroe doc Urine, for securing the maintenance of peace.
Weekly journal-miner., 1920-10-27

! dll hClllDCIS OI IH0 League. III
 this connection, the special ncc-
 essities of the regions deRastat-
 ed during the war of l9l+l91S
 shall be borne in mind; ! (D will endeavor to take steps in
 matters of international concern
 for the prevention and control of
 disease.
 ARTICLE 24
 There shall be placed under the dir ection of the League all international bureaux already established by gener- .al treaties if the parties to such treaties consent All such internation- al burcaux and all commissions for the regulation of matters of interna- tional interest hereafter constituted shall be placed under the direction of the League
 In all matters of international inter- est which are regulated by general conventions but which are not placed under the control of international bureauX of commissions, the Secrc- tariat of the League shall, subject to the consent of the Council and if de- sired by the parties, collect and dis tribute all relevant information and shall render any other assistance which may be necessary or desirable.
 The Council may include as part of the expenses Of the Secretariat the expenses of any bureau or commits sion which IS placed under the dircc- tion of the League.
 ARTICLE 25
 The Members of the League agree to cncourge and promote the estab- lishment and cooperation of duly ar- thorised voluntary national Red Cross organizations having as pur- poses the Improvement of health. the prevention of disease and the mitiga- ton of suffering throughout the world.
 ARTICLE 20
 Amendments to this Covenant will take effect when ratified by the Mem bcrs of the League whose Repre- sentativcs compose the Council and by majority of the Members of the League whose Representatives con- pose the Assembly.
 No such amendment shall bind any Member of the League which signi- lies its dissent therefrom, but in that ease it shall cease to be Member of he League
 ANNEX
 l. Original Members of the League of Nations Signatories of the Treaty 1f Peace.
 United States of America, Haiti, Belgium, Hedjaz, Bolivia, Honduras, Brazil, Italy, British Empire, Japan. Canada, Liberia. Australia, Nicaragua South Africa, Panama, New Zealand, Peru. India, Poland, China, Portugal, Cuba. Roumania, Ecuador, Serb -roat-Slovcne State. France, Siam, Greece. Czecho-Slovakia Guatemala. Uruguay.
 States invited to accedc to the Co., -cnant.
 Argentine Republic, Persia, Chili, Colombia, Spain, Denmark, Sweden. Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway Venezuela, Paraguay. II. First Secretary General of the -cague of Nations.
 The Honorable Sir James Eric )rummond, K. C. NJ. G., (. B.
The Irish standard., 1920-01-10
Original T reaty
Seems Doomed

held shortly after the new year is ush-
cred in for the reception of Eamonn
de Valera, provisional president of
the Irish Republic" President de
Valera has visited Washington several
times, on some occasions slipping in
and out quietly without making his
presence known; but he has not yet
made public appearance. The forth
coming mass meeting, therefore, may
be regarded more or less as national
affair.
The local branch of the Friends of
Irish Freedom has made arrangements
to secure the largest hall in the city,
anticipating an enormous crowd to
hear the spokesman of 1reland's cause
The following committee on arrange
ments has been appointed:
Arrangements Committee.
P. T. Moran, William Needham,
Rosa F. Downing, jeremiah O'Conner,
P. ]. Ryan, Joseph A. Daily, Miss Mar
garet Butler, Miss Margaret Brosna-
han, John ]. Noonan, George Rorke,
]. Frank O'Meara, Tom McGrath, Dan
iel F. Quigley, Thomas Petit, George
A. Herman, Francis T. Hurley, Robert
Barrett, Mrs. Quinlan, Mrs. George Fe.
gan, Miss Katherine Breen, Rev. John
J. Callahan, DR.. p. j. Healy and John
| Trant.
X. c. Headquarters to Washington? {?
The movement to bring the head
quarters of the knights of Columbus
to Washington has been revived by
the Washington councils. Potomac
Council, which boasts of more than
nine hundred members, has taken up
the matter in earnest, and is preparing
an organized campaign. The argument
is made that the capital is the logical
center from which all parts of the
T'country may be reached; and that here
the organization will be directly in
touch with national affairs. William
j. Feely, Grand Knight, has announced
that committee will be appointed tc
direct the movement for the transfer
of the headquarters. Literature will
be distributed and an effort will be
made to secure sufficient backing fol
, the project by the time the next ma
tional convention meets. ...
The Irish standard., 1920-01-10
The Holy Father
on Worlds Unrest

versation the Pope's thoughts seemed
to be concentrated mostly upon the
conditions Of tho working classes. He
spoke Of the people, rather than Of
their rulers, and Of the poor, rather
than OF the rich.
When, for instance, referred again
to the strikes and other symptoms of
social unrest in many countries, he
said:
1.-THE people have been trritated by
a sense Of injustice. There are many
men who have made money out Of
this war" He made a gesture with
his forefinger and thumb as though
touching money, and said, "Those
who grew rich out Of the war will
have to pay!"
For few minutes his mind went
back to the great conflict which had
caused all this fiancial ruin in Eu
rope, and he spoke of what the Catho
lie Church had done, and tried to do
to alleviate it's miseries and agonies
1--WE could do very little," he said
"in comparison with t he enormous
suffering caused by the war, but as
far as possible we took every oppor
tunity of relieving the sorrow of peo
pie by work of charity. We could dc
no more than that, and it was only
small compared with all the suffer
ing; but it did bring comfort to many
poor people, and mitigated some o.
the seventies Of military acts"
His Holiness mentioned briefly
some of the work which had beer
achieved under his direction, and re
ferred me to detailed list Of charit
able services done during the war by
the Holy See. Among these works
which Benedict XIV particularly men
toned were the exchange of prison
ers Of war incapacitated for militar.
service, following his telegram datet
December 81, 1914, te the sovereign
and heads Of belligerent States and tn,
liberation and exchange of civilian
prisoners.
These proposals were accepted, an,
the exchange Of prisoners through
Switzerland proceeded quickly, so tina
between March, 1915, and November
1915, 2,343 Germans and S,868 Frencl
men returned to their own countries
while in a single month 10000 Frencl
The Irish standard., 1920-01-10

matter, and he didn't think that the
others in this country would be afraid
to compare themselves with the north.
ern Irishman.
''Ireland's resources will support a
population Of twice the present num-
ber," said Mr.. Murphy. Beside the
rich farming lands of the country,
there are coal, copper and marble
fields which are still undeveloped.
They will not be developed until Ire
land has a republic, because, at pres
ent, they know that it would be i'm
possible to compete with England.
1.-The English at the present time
have two policies in Ireland" re-
marked Mr.. Murphy, zone is that of
suppression and the other policy is
what we in America call soft SOAP
The suppression is applied by a mill
tary, STILES the press and free
speech, and governs, or rather tries
to govern Ireland, with the mailed fist.
The soft soap policy comes in the
form of unlimited rations, which even
the English at home do not enjoy, and
other pseudo good works. But the
Irish people are not fooled, they know
the ways Of England from past asso-
Citations. They know that England
has no charity for Ireland" he said.
Another English "bug-bear" he
stated, was that If Ireland was made
a free nation, England would have an
enemy at her very door. He said that
this statement, too, was an untruth, as
everyone acquainted with the nature
of the Irishmen knows that one act of
kindness will cause him to forgive all
the injuries Of the past, and that Ire.
land collectively is like Ireland in
dividually.
NO" he said, ireland will not be
an enemy of England, II her freedom
is granted. and 30 soon as that day
comes, amicable relations between the
two countries will spring up, and the
past will be forgotten"
Another English argument against
Irish freedom was that II Ireland was
given her freedom the other British
The Irish standard., 1920-01-10

Extracts from an interview with the
Holy Father, by Philip Gibbs.)
At the doorway stood Benedict XIV.
He was simple figure dressed in
white, not so tall as had expected,
md with scholars look, little aus.
tere at first glance. Only at glance,
for after my first salute, and when I
asked him for permission to speak in
French, he laughed in a genial way,
and said in French also, I'm that Ian
guage we shall understand each 9TH
er."
Then he took me by the hand and
led me to chair close to his own so
that we sat side by side. He asked
me about America, first, having heard
that I had been there not long ago,
and then asked me to tell him about
the little studies I have been max
ing of the conditions of Europe after
the war. I spoke to him about the
distress of peoples burdened by high
prices and heavy taxation, and about
the curious and rather dangerous
psychology of many people in Eng
land, France, Belgium and Germany
probably in Italy also-who are in
revolt against present conditions, and
are disillusioned about that new
world" which they expected after the
war.
The Peoples Duty.
The Holy Father listened attentive
ly, and then cut me short, as l had
hoped.
eyes," he said, "the war was a
scourge"-he urged that word "feau"
several times in his conversation
"and the effects of it are enormous
and incalculable. When it began peo-
pie imagined that it would be quick
war-lasting three, four, or five
months. Few guessed that it would
last for nearly five years. That long
period Of strife-that terrific scourge
will have far-reaching and enduring
results.
"The people must make up their
minds to endure the consequences of
war. They must steel themselves to
suffer. At the same time we must do
everything in Our power to alleviate
those sufferings and to ease the bur.
dens Of those who can least afford
to support them.'
noticed that throughout our con.
The Irish standard., 1920-01-10

II confess, like the majority of you,
that believed the Easter rebellion in
Ireland was foolhardy, but now know
that it was not" said Murphy. "The
Irish people learned that writing and
speaking got them nowhere and that
it was the auspicious time for them to
do something that would once more
bring the Irish cause to the ears of
the world; they wanted to show that
Ireland was not content to remain a
subject nation. They knew that per-
haps they would be compelled to lay
down their lives for the cause, but
they knew that by making such a sac
rifice the Irish question would once
more be brought to the attention of
the world. The rebellion did that very
thing. The Irish laid down their lives
and the question is once more con.
fronting the civilized world, and near.
ing solution"
He said that the Irish know that
they must obtain aid from without be.
fore the question can be settled salts.
factorily, and that is the reason why
they are asking aid in the United
States.
He told of an argument that he had
with man who had Travelled through
ireland at one time. The man said
that the Irish in the southern portion
were thrfftless. He said that such a
statement was an untruth, the Irish
in the southern portion of the country
are not thriftless. He told of how the
landlords took all that the little Irish
farmer raised in taxes and rentals, Of
how the Irish farmer could not repair
his fence and houses, because of the
lack of funds, and why he was unable
to obtain new clothes occasionally. He
stated that If an Irish farmer would
appear before his landlord with new
suit Of clothes, the landlord would
raise the rental that much more. He
stated, however, that the land bill had
alleviated the conditions of the Irish
farmers. He said that he was south
ern Irishman, and that he wasn't afraid
Of comparison with the Northern
Irishman or any other race for that
The Irish standard., 1920-01-10
Article X, Which the Irish Race At.
tackled az UphoIding English Domln-
lon, Admittedly Caused Downfall.
(By G. P. Az

\by ". r. AL
Washington, Jan. 6. - Although
there is no rift of light on the sena-
torial horizon, Washington looks for
ward to the ratification of the Peace
Treaty some time in January. Such,
at least, is a common prediction, but
it is purely prediction, and has no
basis in fact The original treaty as
the President brought it is doomed.
Section X Main Obstacle.
Section 10 of the League of Nations
Covenant, the particular target of at
tack for those who are pleading the
cause Of Ireland, continues to be the
main obstacle in the way of an agree.
ment. Outside of the reference to the
Shantung agreement the other reser.
vations in the so.called Lodge resolu-
tion Of ratification might be adjusted
to the satisfaction of both sides, but
neither has shown any signs of yield
ing on Section 10. The President, &C.
cording to all accounts, regards it as
essential, especially the phrase guar
anteeing the territorial integrity of
member nations. The Senate regards
it as unacceptable.
From this it may be assumed that
the Irish question is of a momentous
character in more ways than one. It
has become the center of the fight
over the League of Nations, upon
which che peace of the world, accord.
ing to the league adherents, in large
measure depends.
Lloyd George Home Rule ignored.
Strangely. enough, with this situa.
tion prevailing in Washington, the
Lloyd George home rule plan has not
evoked q ripple Of comment. The op.
position to Section 10 has not been
modified in the slightest degree and
the Irish national movement goes on
quite the same as before. 1t is evident
that, If the British Government
counted upon it's home rule plan fol
ally criticism in the United States
there has been no responsive echo II
the capital.
Friends Of ireland Mass Meeting.
On the contrary, preparations have
been made for a mass meeting to be
The Irish standard., 1920-01-10

provinces would likewise ask for free,
dom and self-determination, and he
said, IF England must deny one coun
try it's freedom because others will
also make the same demand, England
has no right to hold these colonies"
Perhaps the most interesting phase
Of Recorder Murphy's lecture was the
religious question. Because of the
difference in religion of the Irish peo.
pie, England claims that Ireland could
not govern itself without continued
dissension. Heretofore, all the speak.
ers had been Roman Catholics, who
are in the vast majority in Ireland, but
Mr.. Murphy is of a different creed.
For the first time, the people had the
opportunity Of hearing a plea for in.
dependence for Ireland from one Of a
Protestant religion, and from a creed,
the English claimed did not want in
dependence.
IF one was to ask me: What is the
religious question in Ireland?' would
be compelled to answer: I don't
know" remarked the recorder. per
haps there has been disturbances in
Ulster, but l am sure that Protestants
there were the aggressors, not because
of religion, but at the instigation of
the British government"
"The English say that If Ireland was
given its freedom, the Protestants in
Ireland would suffer, but the people
of Ireland know that such would not
be the case, and that is the reason,
proportionally, that the Protestants
are also fighting and dying for inde-
pendence. In the little village, where
was born and raised there are twenty
Roman Catholics to every Protestant,
and because of that I have more Cath.
olic friends than Protestant friends.
To my own knowledge there has never
been any i'll feeling between the peo-
pie of the two creeds." he stated.
He told of how on his arrival In his
home town, he was kissed by two
women, one his mother. who is .
Protestant, and the other IN old friend
Of the family, who 70 q Roman Catho-
The Irish standard., 1920-01-10

He stated that he kept few notes
Of his trip and was going to give the
audience juST the facts and impress
sions obtained while in Ireland.
He advised the audience that if any
one was thinking of making the trip
to Ireland at the present time to tell
them not to go. He told of his trials
and tribulations in obtaining pass
ports, and that a passport was nothing
more than nuisance. He stated that
while in Duluth he was told by a friend
that he need not worry but that the
British government would know all
about him before he arrived in Ireland.
He told of his feeling when he landed
in the United States on his return and
said that it was worth while making
the trip to enjoy the pleasure of get.
ting back.
II was surprised to find, while in
Ireland, that the British soldiery was
everywhere, and that the streets and
even the trains were filled with sol.
dfers-that even the little villages and
hamlets had their garrisons of sol.
diers," said the recorder. 1T is es.
timated that there is between fifty
thousand and one hundred and fifty
thousand British soldiers in Ireland.
These, with the Royal Irish Constabu.
larry, bring the total armed forces in
Ireland to about 225,O0O men,"
He stated that Ireland was gov.
erned by "Dora," as the Irish call it,
but which in reality means the De.
fense of the Realm Act, and which
means that all governing and execu-
tive power has been placed with the
military.
Under that system the Irish young
men are being tried and condemned
I'm private, and sent to prison" stated
Mr.. Murphy. Its q common occur.
renee to see young Irish Lad being
taken to jail between two soldiers. and
to hear him shout at the top Of his
voice: Up with the republic!' Oh,
yes, the vast majority Of the people
OF Ireland are in favor Of the republic
those Of tho younger gen.
Grafton"
The Irish standard., 1920-01-10
Continued on pase ~

lie. He told of how his mother wls
held up, as he was leaving, by twD
women, one Roman Catholic and tina
other q Protestant. He told of how
he, when boy, had played around the
Roman Catholic church door, and that
the old canon was one of the best
friends of the family.
Perhaps, these little incidentals
don't mean much to you, but they do
to me-they show that the Catholics
and PrOtestants do get along together
in Ireland, and will get along under the
republic" he explained.
If the nations, of which the major
fty of people have heard very littlo,
have been conceded the right of SELF
determination, why not give Ireland
that right?" he questioned.
Il am proud of my American citizen
ship, but cannot forget the land In
which I was raised, and look forward
to the day when Ireland will take her
rightful place among the nations Of
the world" he stated in ending.
Following the ending of his address,
the hall rang with applause.
Con Kepple, president of the Ben
jamin Franklin branch of the Friends
of Irish Freedom, acted as chairman
of the meeting.
Mr.. Kepple stated that they wHre
nearing the goal. He told of the M
son bill, calling for an appropriation
of $4,000 to pay the expenses Of \
minister and consuls to the new n
public and which virtually meant res-
ognition Of the republic.
He refuted the claim that Ireland
was on the side Of Germany in tm
war, when he pointed out that fifty
eight per cent of the Irish people OF
military age enlisted voluntarily ON
the side Of the allies.
President Kepple announced that tn
January 21, Colonel William H. Donn-
hue Of Minneapolis, an officer in tn
Rainbow division, would address tn
Friends Of Irish Freedom here. On
January Il, the first anniversary d|
the Irish republic win be celebrataA