The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1920-01-08
FOREIGN Affairs.


settled not only in the territory which
had been included in the four defeated
nations but throughout Europe Rus
STA continued in a state of turmoil
throughout the year. Although the
bolshevist government under the direc-
ton Of Lenin and Trotzky maintained
its control over q large part Of the
former empire 1t was hemmed in on
all sides by opposing groups which
attacked it with varying success. The
newly constituted nation of Poland
was beset for a time on all sides. but
1t, too, succeeded in weathering the
storm and had established a stable
government before many months had
passed.
Failure to reach a settlement of the
Fiume question continually threatened
an armed conflict between the Italians
and the new Jugo-SIav state Serious
conditions existed in Hungary both be-
cause of internal disorders and be
cause of clashes with Roumania and
with the new Czech government
In Germany a split among the Ger
man socialist leaders resulted on Janu-
airy in serious street fighting. The
government was seriously threatened,
but on January its troops in Berlin
were REINFORCED and regained control
of the situation. On January Is DR..
Carl Liebknecht, leader of the Spar
tacans, or antigovernment faction, was
killed while attempting to escape after
arrest in Berlin. His companion, Rosa
Luxembourg, long known as a radical
| leader both in Germany and Russia,
was killed by a mob. Disorders in
Germany were suppressed and on jan
uary 10 the people elected q national
assembly, the majority socialists led
by Chancellor Ebert retaining control.
The assembly met a Weimar on Janu-
airy 6 and on February IL elected
! Chancellor Ebert as first president of
the German republic, after adopting
provisional constitution. In Poland
opposing factions reached an agree
ment on January II whereby Ignace
Jan Paderewsh became premier, with
General Pilsudski as foreign minister
and NJ. Demoski as president.
In England the ever-present Irish
question had again come to the front.
On January 81 the Sim Fem members
elected to the British parliament met
in Dublin and after reading a decla-
ration Of independence proclaimed an
Irish republic.
On February 81 Kurt Eisner, indie
pendent socialist premier Of Bavaria,
who shortly before had placed the
blame for the war on Germany and
Austria, was assasSinated by an army
officer in Munich.
nrn0c{fin1 IN To control hod
been developing rapidly in Korea and
on March II Korean nationalists Is
sued a declaration of independence,
declaring themselves ready to flight to
the last drop Of blood" Serious disor-
ders also were reported in Egypt in
support Of the nationalist demand for
autonomy and on March 25 the Brit
| ish secretary for war, Mr.. Churchill,
admitted that the whole Of Egypt was
virtually in a state of insurrection.
| On March 16 a new Germano-AuStrian
| government was established at Vienna
with Doctor Renner as chancellor.
| Count Karolyi had been made presi-
dent of the new Hungarian republic on
January IL, but on March % he was
forced to resign and there was consti-
| tuted a new government which pro-
claimed a dictatorship of the prole-
| tariat and an alliance with the Rus
sian soviet government.
A ministerial crisis arose in Italy as
a result of the governments policy in
connection with the peace conference.
AS a result the ministry of Premier
| Orlando was unexpectedly over
thrown on June 10 and two days later
francesca Nitti, former minister of
| finance, became premier of Italy. At
the same time the German cabinet re-
signed because of the determination of
Chancellor Scheidemann not to recog-
nize the peace terms offered by the
| allies. Gustav AdoIph Bauer, former
| minister of labor, was appointed chan
cellor by President Ebert and formed
| a new cabinet A clash between the
new German government and the allies
was threatened on June 81 when the
German fleet which had been interned
in British waters under the armistice
was scuttIed By German crews, twenty
battleships and cruisers being sunk.
Serious disorders arose in Peru as q
result of the contested election for
! president held on May 10. On July
Peruvian troops and police took pres1-
dent Jose Pardo prisoner and pro-
claimed Augusta 3. Leguia president
Later Pardo was permitted to leave the
country in exile.
On August Bella Kun, who for four
| or five months had been dictator fn
Hungary, was compelled to retire when
| socialists seized control OF the govern
ment.
The situation In Ireland where the
Sim Fem continued its efforts to es-
tabIish a republic grew more serious
| as the year advanced. Repeated dis
orders occurred and on September Il
Viscount French, lieutenant governor
of Ireland, prohibited further meetings
of the so-called Irish parliament. Many
arrests were made by the military.
An unusual incident Of September
was the plebiscite which was held in
Luxembourg to determine whether the
people wished the Grand Duchess
Charlotte to continue as their ruler
The people decreed that the grand
duchess should remain In power and
voted TO establish an economic ALI
ance with France.
On October 8 the people OF Norway