The Coconino sun., 1920-02-20
TUBA, ARIZONA AND VICINITY
 TOGETHER WITH INCLUDED RUINS
(Continued from Last Week.)

which the witness showed them.
 Next morning the witness and his companions went to the rancherias, which he found deserted, there being in it only the two chiefs and a woman. They received them with signs of gladness, and as token of peace gave them pulverized ore and a great quantity of ground dates (datil), which is their food, and a few pieces of venison. The witness in return gave them more beads and presents, and begged them to go with him to show him where they got the ore. One of the Indian chiefs complied willingly"
 cSpanish Explorations of South west, pp. 240-241 and foot note, p. 24.)
 **The Ytinerario, loc. cit, D. 276)
 The Ytinerario gives the place as "Rancheria de los Gandules, which has been identified with Moenkopi (see below); but gives it on the wrong side of the San Francisco peaks. This is the first mention of these Indians having intimate contact with white
 Onate also visited Tuba and Moen- kopi on his journey to California from Moqui in 1904, following the route of Farfan and Espejo. He found the place inhabited, but so insignificant that he dubbed it the derisive term, "Rancheria de los GanduIes."* (tLoc. Cit, 26S-2S0; also Collection de Documents Queditos XVI QS7D, D. 276.)
 Many other explorers also likely visited the place without leaving 2 record of their trips, or their manu- scripts still remain unpublished. And more recently following the stages of time Spanish explorers, Mormon em- l igrants and government scientific ex- petitions have visited the site. F. w. Hodge also comments on the region as follows:*
 ('Handbook of American Indians, part l, p. 9l9)
 "Monekopi ('place of the running water). A small settlement about 40 m. N. w. of Oraibi, N. K. Ariz., oc- cupied during the farming season by the Hopi. The present village, which consists of two irregular rows of one story houses, was built over the re- mains of an older settlement-appar- ent the Rancheria de los Gandules seen by Onate in 1904. Moenkopi is said to have been founded within the memory of some of the Mormon pio- neers at the neighboring town of i Tuba City, named after an old Oraibi chief. It was the headquarters of 2 large milling enterprise of the Nor mons number of years ago. (F. w. H.) "Concebe- Garces Q175-76) qouted by Bancroft, Ariz., and N. Mex, l37, 395, 1889. Moencapi-Cous, Garces' Dairy, 393, 1900. Moen-kopi-Min- deleff in Sth Rep. B. A. E., IA 1891. Moqui concave-Ibid. Moyencopi- Bourke, Moquis of Arizona, 229, 1884. Maube - Ibid. Muenkapi. - Voth, Trad. of the Hopi, 22, 1905 (correct Hopi form). Munqui-concabe - Garces G776), Diary, 393, 1900. Mu- qui concabe-Ibid., 394-395 (Yavapai for1n). Rancheria de los Gandules-- Onate G604) in Doc. Ined. XVI, 276, 1871 (apparently identical.") | On account of Moenkopi having abundant springs, for ages it ap- parently has been the crossroads point for the whole arid section between Moqui and the Colorado. river and be- tween the San Juan region. In the region about these two places yare many village ruins which indicate that peaceful, agricultural people have inhabited it at times. The ruins also indicate that these villages were destroyed or abandoned as result of the approach of more savage peoples. Moreover, that it received so scant mention by the early explorers is due to its smallness, or to the fact that it was for the time temporarily aban- doned. The settlers of the villages were undoubtedly Hopis (Moquisl formerly as now, as the curios found in the debris and the tribal traditions of the Hopis indicate.
 As formerly, this place in historic times has served as station on routes across the plateau. Flutes, Walapai, and Havasupai have utilized the Tuba route in their trading and foraging expeditions and maurauding, hunting