davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Beckley.-Tony Stafford, United
Mine Workers organizer, who was re-
Gently convicted of being the leader OF
oand of strikers who shot up the coal
tlpple of the Il. Il. White Coal Com
pany at Glen White in November,
1917, was arrested here by federal au-
thorities who will demand his deporta-
ton.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25
WeIlsbure Paper Cut ons.Har

Wellsburg W Va Because OF the
continued shortage in newsprint pa.
per. the Wellsburg Weekly Herald has
been reduced from an eight-page to a
four-page paper.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Charleston.-Meeting OF the direc-
tors of the Greenbrier & Eastern Rail-
way Company, was held here to COM
plete plans for the building of a stand
ard gauge railroad from a point near
Rainelle on the Meadow River up
Meadow Creek, through the coal fields
owned by the Gauley Coal Land Co.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25
coNsTAMTINopLE occupIEo.
Turkish and British Indian Soldiers
Killed In Clash.

Killed in Clash.
Constantinople.- -ConstantnopIe was
occupied BY allied forces under Cen.
eral Sir George r. Milne. which oc-
cupied the ministries Of war and ma
rine and assumed control OF the posts.
telegraphs and telephones. Shipping
has been suspended.
An exchange Of shots resulted. In
which several Punjabi Of the British
East Indian forces and few OF the
Turks were killed.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Clarksburg.-A discussion OF higher
salaries for teachers and the passing
Of a resolution endorsing the suffrage
amendment featured the opening day
Of the MOnongahela Valley round ta-
bic here, with 500 teachers and proml-
nent state educators IN attendance. A
telegram was sent to Senator Harvey
w. Harmer thanking him for his ef.
forts in favor Of the suffrage amend
ment
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Charleston.-Moonshining in West
Virginia is not now confined to the
mountain sections. Records at the
state department of prohibition show
that nearly half of the stills being
seized by officers OF tho department
are found in homes in the towns and
cities Of the state.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Charleston.-Three men, L. G. Long.
mine Inspector; II. r. Sloan, mine
foreman, and J. II. Blankcnship, brat
ticeman, employees of the United States
Coal and Coke Company, we're suno.
Gated in the Numbec Two Mine Of this
company at Gary, according to notR-
cation received by II. NJ. Lamble, chief
Of the State Department OF Mines. The
mine was closed on account OF short
oge OF cars, but these men entered 10
perform their usual duties, entered an
old drainage headway not in use since
1918. There they encountered a body
Of gas, which caused an explosion.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Martinsburg.-Charged with having
stole a mail pouch containing nearly
two thousand dollars, Lewis II. Stubbs.
Of Harpers Ferry, was arrested bv
Federal officials and lodged in the Mar
tinsburg Jail to await hearing. Stubbs
is accused Of stealing the pouch from
a truck in front of the Baltimore &
Ohio depot at Harpers Ferry.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Observation-Disclosures suffered by
six persons when a Baltimore & Ohio
passenger train crashed into a Hunt
lngton-Milton automobile bus at Main
street, in Guyandotte. will not prove
fatal to any, physicians at the Hunt
ington General Hospital and the Kess-
ler Hospital, where five are being
treated.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Clarksburg.-The Board Of Educa-
ton of the American Baptist conven-
ton in session in New York CITY. de-
clded TO Increase its allotment for
Broaddus College at Philippl, this
state, to half million dollars, accord
ing to telegram sent here by the
Rev. f. e. Brininhood of this city, field
secretary OF the convention.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Observation-Disclosures county's only
son to receive the Distinguished Serv.
ice Medal, Sergeant Thomas y. Drake.
Company a." Fifty-ninth Infantry.
was decorated at the opera house here
before 1,JOO people Majbr General
Charles +. SummeraI, commander Of
the First Division in France, presented
the medal. Drake had three citations
from his commanding officer for
bravery.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Huntington.-Charges that several
grocery stores in Huntington have fail
ed to comply with instructions from
the Fair Price Committee to cut retail
cost Of bread TO II cents are being
investigated by a. +. Hayes. a Depart
ment Of Justice agent at Charleston.
who intends presenting a report on his
findings at the meeting Of the price
fixing body.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Huntington.-Feed is scarcer in the
country districts now than at any time
in the history of this section, says w.
L. Cox, of COX's Landing. This is due.
he says, to the fact that much fodder
rotted last fall as the result of the in
cessant rains Five carloads of hay
have been received at Cox's Landing
this year.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Huntington.-Pleadins guilty TO
charge of stealing a revolver, Henry
Williams was sentenced by Judge Mat
thews Of the court OF common pleas
TO serve two years in the state peni-
Tertiary. The weapon was taken from
James Johnson on the night of July
-, last year, according to the indict-
ment returned against Williams.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Martinsburg.-C. S. Musselman Com
pany, of Biglerville, Pa, announced
that 1t will erect Immediately at In
wood, Berkeley county, a S15O,OOO ap-
pie canning plant, which will employ
100 men during the apple season, and
% persons during the off season, when
gloves will be manufactured. The
plant, with a capacity of 100000 BUSH
els of apples in one season, will be-
erected in the heart of the apple belt
on 20 acre tract of land.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Harpers Ferry.-AIiss NJ. Louise
Montague was robbed of a portion Of
her baggage containing documents on
her arrival in this city recently, the
theft taking place between the bag
gage car and station from the truck.
Investigation led to the apprehension
of the thief and the return Of the bag
gage. Miss Montague is here to su-
pervise the construction of a literary
studio in connection with her summer
home in Harpers Ferry.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Charleston.-Local Recruiting OFF,
Ger X. o. Keck, U. S. N, has been no
tlfed that the navy department has
opened the school for torpedo gunners'
mates to men of first enlistment. Pre-
Vious experience has been necessary
heretofore for man to be eligible for
this school. Those enlsting for this
school will be sent to the trimming
school at Newport, r. l., to receive
an outfit and then to the torpedo sta
ton, also at Newport.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Williamson. - Tom Ogle, former
service man, is under arrest here,
charged with the murder of Lee Hick-
man, prominent Mingo county mer-
chant, whose body was found on the
Norfolk and Western railroad tracks
near here. His skull had been crush
ed and he had been robbed of S475
which he was taking home from his
store. Sheriff Blankenshlp said over
two thousand rounds Of ammunition
were found in Ogle's home.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Huntington. - Because the love
charm of Portsmouth fortune teller
failed to bring back her husband. Mrs
Myra lson has asked federal authori.
ties TO prosecute the Ohio seeress for
fraudulent use Of the mails. Mrs. Ison
said she had spent large sum of
money for love philters which the
prophecies said would bring back her
husband, whom she has not seen for
some time.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Martinsburg.-Several blocks in the
southeastern section OF Martinsburg
were inundated as the result of the
Tuscarora, tributary OF the Potomac
river, overlooking its banks. Some
families were forced to leave their
houses.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Wheeling.-Sidney A. Donican, aged
about 40 years, of Nebraska. Ind. was
found dead in a chair in a rooming
mousse here by one of the inmates. His
death Is thought to have resulted from
drinking bootleg whisky. The police
were notified and Immediately placed
all the persons in the house under ar
rest and will detaln them until thor
oush investigation can be made into
the death of the man.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Charleston.-Stepping out OF the
way of passing freight train on the
chesapeake * Ohio, at st. Adams.
Levi Gaylor and Floyd Pyles. track
men, who were sweeping snow off the
tracks, were run down by a yard en-
CINE PyleS was instantly killed and
Gaylor died about two hours later as
he was being carried on a train to the
railroad hospital at Huntington. Both
are married men and leave families.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Martinsburg.-An infant. dead and
practically naked. was found in ST.
Joseph's cemetery here by two school
boys. Officers investigating the affair
believe the child was murdered. as
considerable blood was found on his
face.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Huntington.-Cabell county viii vote
on the proposition TO issue one million
dollars I'm bonds for the completion OF
her hard road system on May 2J. the
day Of the general primaries. THIS
was decided upon when the county
commissioners instructed Prosecuting
Attorney II. T. Blackwood to prepare
an order which viii be adopted, for
mally, by the court as a subsequent
session. The election will be conducts
ed in connection with the general pri-
maries by officers designated by the
county court. A special ballot VIII
be used Tor the bond proposal.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Huntington. p. c.. Cunningham,
aged 2S, accused of numbering his
mother, Mrs. Mary Cunningham, veal:
thy widow, was acquitted in criminal
court here. Mrs. Cunningham was
shot and killed while seated at the
breakfast table on November 13, 1919.
Cunningham at first told the police
his mother had committed suicide, but
later declared n rifle which he was
cleaning was discharged accidentally,
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Charleston. - Conductor Frank
BROOKS, Of the through freight service
between here and Middlesport, o., was
shot and instantly killed by his wife.
kanawha & Michigan railway officials
stated. She is in the Meigs county
JAN at Pomeroy, o., charged with the
Killing. Family difficulties are alleged
TO have been the cause OF the trouble
between the two, Mrs. Brooks main
tanning that she killed him in self-de-
fense. The bullet penetrated his head.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

BIuchcid.-A sweeping Investigation
or The retail meat business was order
cd here hy the Fair Price Committee.
following conference with A. n.
Hayes Of Charleston, a Department Of
Justice agent Il was pointed out by
committee members that meat prices
are from go TO 30 per cent higher I'm
Blueheld than in neighboring Virginia
towns. Local merchants are not ac-
cused Of profteering in meats. but the
committeeman desire an explanation
of The wide range IN the nnotafnns-
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1920-03-25

Huntlngton.-Pete Buckland walked
a block and half with a broken leg.
before being taken to the Guthrie hos
pital for an operation. Buckland was
IN Guyandotte on business and while
running to catch a car, fell on the
sidewalk. He was carried to a nearby
store and after his ankle had been
bathed, he walked to the car and went
10 his home. Dr. Steenberger was
called and found his leg had been bro
ken. BuckIond was then rer.oved To
the hospital in an ambulance
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-12-08
INSTRUCT CLUBS
4 YEAR BOOKS OF
4 LOCAL INTEREST

Fourteenth District Federation
IL Women's clubs has just issued
- Yearbook. the Tines Citizen
sYgint, at Roseville, having gotten
~ the neat brochure. State OFF,.
On and general federation direc-
stess are listed in the book, as are
~ district officers, district chair
80 and past presidents. Rock
sIGisad and Moline are we'll repre-
STATED, these cities having the larg-
~. clubs listed and In this list are
.hcluded the Rock Island Woman's
jelpb, Rock Island Monday Study
lib, Moline Woman's club and the
mis- Woman's club. East Moline
Vonsn's club, which discontin-
NJ sessions during the last year
n concentrate efforts on the East
Moline community club, probably
vill be listed again next year. Of
rms are as follows:
I President Mrs. George F. Ock-
~ Roseville.
Vice president-Mrs. A. S. Ed
y3rds, Moline.
Recording secretary-Mrs. M. ].
Dalcock. Biggsville.
Corresponding secretary - Mrs.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-12-08
gG EATERS GET
KIDNEY TROUBLE
he Salts at First Sign Of Blad.
der Irritation or Back.
>.kn

The American men and women
must guard constantly against Kid
ney trouble, because we eat too
much and all our food is rich. Our
blood Is filed with uric acid which
the kidneys strive to filter out.
They weaken from overwork, be-
come sluggish; the eliminative It's
sues clog and the result Is kidney
trouble, bladder weakness and a
general decline in health.
When your kidneys feel like
Jumps Of lead; your back hurts or
the urine is cloudy, full of sedi-
ment or you are obliged to seek re-
liet two or three times during the
night: Il you suffer with sick head
ache Of dizzy, nervous spells, acid
stomach, or you have rheumatism
when the weather is bad, get from
your pharmacist about four ounces
o. !ad Salts; take tablespoonful
10 . glass Of water before break
last Tor few days and your kid
ne!s will then act fine. This fam
Gus salts is made from the acid of
grapes and lemon juice, combined
WIN lithia, and has been used for
generations to flush and stimulate
eloeeed kidneys: to neLtralize the
sc'as IN the urine so it no longer is
source OF irritation, thus ending
bladder disorders.
!ad Salts is inexpensive; cannot
n!ure, makes delightful efferves-
IN htnia-water beverage, and be-
olss IN every home, because no.
way can make mistake by having
sood kidney flushing any time
lAdv)
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-12-08
|||Ils LOOT
|llDAY HOME
|'lESDAY NIeHI


q -, Tuesday night entered
- Of John Day. ASS Ninth
~ and made away with $50
4 psir Of earrings, . book
Il stamps. and two checks,
nj and the other for SO.
sSsrelary occurred between
- IN the evening and mid
nile the family was away
- home. On their return.
tttehen door was found open
~ entire house ransacked.
~ tvo checks taken. one was
ss,ost 10 G. A. Rod and the 9TH
j. e. Santry. The burglars
- M the silverware and over
Ei.s1 I pocketbook that contained
Members Of the family stated
aofning that they must have
~ Kitchen door unlocked upon
7SSing the premises Tuesday eve
Notice Providers.
~ Day recalls having seen three
fIsvlers near his home as he was
a1afins to leave with his family,
beljeves that they are the ones
" committed the burglary. One
n IL men was tall and the other
- we're of considerable lesser
11lsht, All wore caps, and the
M Of the three men is believed
Y N. Day to have been a negro
~ police we're notified Of the bur-
-. but announced this morning
-. they had obtained no clues.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-12-08
GRANDMOTHER knew
There Was Nothing So Good
M Congestion and Colds
as Mustard

~ Tie cld.fashioued mustard.
Ia burned and blistered while Il
~ Get the relief and help that
Sastard plasters gave, without the
ea and without the blister.
Hnseezuae does it Il b q clean,
S@" ointment made With oil Of mus
~ ~ u y scientifically prepared. %
x Z woe3 wonders, and yet does
o1i!eer the tenderest skin.
Nentymassage Mustercle in with the
dA See bow quickly it brings re.
10y speedily the pain disappears
@ Austerole for sore throat bron.
- tnos;liti& Group stiff neck.
s a neuralgia. headache. conses
- paeur'sy. rheumatism lumbago
@ md aches of the back or joints
4 sore muscleS bruise4 chill
r. - frosted feet colds Of the ches
= esten prevents pneumonia).
&c and Csc jarx hospital ise $3.0
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-12-08

eilver iuollss extsaslbl 80
Ms. A. 8 Idvarts. 1aolis
Press- IN. Mary 9. Of -
line.
The 18th annual meeting Of 81
fedNrati6a viii D. held at sRosevtilt
May 5 and 8. 1871.
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-12-08

DGhtfic.. ellnisunea: 8 E 8
Al Mr.. G. s. Townley. ~
comb,
civics-llrs. y. y. west, Bush
nell
CiviI ssrvics-Mrs. Mary SYKES
Monmouth.
Conservation - Mrs. B. G.. Wild
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-12-08

Irvine, Nonmouth-
Music Mr.. ". D. Chapman. Sil-
Wis,
Literature and reciprocity-Mrs
d. A. Babcock, Moline.
Public heaith-Mrs. N. E. Pin
ney. R0seville
industrial and social conditions
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-12-08

Nasrsa Mn. @. j. 1lsaehns,
Rosevflle.
McDononsh Mrs. c. =. Hsistsr.
|Bushnell.
Henderson, Mn. n. q. wsleA.
Biggsyille.
Hancock - Mr.. Otis Petty. Il
Harpe.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1920-05-14
Town Of Historic Interest.

Willie the name, Norri>toWu, calls to
mind that this place i lhe home Of
the state Institution for the insane. it
IS also we'll to remember that it i his
toricaIly interesting. Here can he seen
the old SWedes' ford II the >churlkil
river, where American and British
armies crossed many times during the
Revolution. ON Main street j. located
the home Of Governor IIurtranft, Here,
too, is the Seven-Star tavern eStab-
lished in 1T3+ and fauou, during the
Revolutionary war ana on Ibis same
street was located the home of General
Hancock, Of Civil war iame.--phila-
delphia Record
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1920-05-14
To Clean Brass Articles

DO not throw away squeezed lem.
ons; use them for cleaning brasses
ana dish covers. Put pinch of whit
ing on the article to be cleaned, and
rub 1t In well. using the lemon as a
sponge. You will be surprised to see
how much dirt you can remove In a
very short time and with little trouble.
Brasses cleaned In this way keep
clean longer than when done with or.
binary polish.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1920-05-14
Tin Miners Have PRIVILEGES.

The men who work In the Cornish
tin mines are class by themselves,
and all their differences are adjusted
oy the Stanuary courts, as they are
called from the Latin word stunnum,
meaning tin. These curious courts
have existed In their present form
since the middle of the thirteenth crlr-
fury, and, in Il simpler form, much
earlier; and the miners claim to bp
free from all other jurisdiction Except
In matters affecting the land, life or
limb"
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1920-05-14

Whatever You do BE- greater than
your calling; let your manhood over.
top your position, your wealth, your
title. MaSterful living, constant growth
toward higher life. are the great
ends of human existence Your call.
Ing should be the great school of life,
the great man-deyeloper, characters
builder, that which should broaden,
deepen and round out into symmetry,
harmony and beauty alI the God-@iven
faculties within you.--oriSOn SWEET
Marden in Chicago News.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1920-05-14

In nicholas Nickleby," one of
Dickens best novels, occurs the name,
Dotheboys hail. 1t Is the name Of a
boarding school In the north of Eng
land, kept by heartless Villain named
Squees, a place where boys were TAX
en- In and done for" Squeers' sys-
TEN Of tuition consisted of alternate
beating and starving In Dickens
time, 1t is said, such schools existed
and his account of the one over which
SqueerS presided did much 10 bring
about their extinction.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1920-05-14
PEORIA WALKS TO
WORK; CARMEN QUIT


Peoria H.. May l4.--Peoria walked
to work today. Employees Of tn
Peoria street Railway company at a
meeting which lasted but little over
an hour voted at 20 O'Clock thl,
morning to strike and as result not
a car was taken out of the barns this
morning. Every sort Of vehicle was
pressed into service during the morn
ing and large factories in the city
were operating motor trucks on regu-
lar routes bringing employees 10 work.
The men, who for year under the
t-cent fare have been working under
a three class wage scale of A. II and
AZ cents, now are asking an increase
to so. So and - cents, an average in
crease Of about 81 per cent.
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1920-05-14
GOOD RE AIDING

An t,o thrilt nj hiet0rIr4I rOwau1I
fo,,,,d ,I,.a., I.,,,s in .,.e,,. b,. D..
n '',t hool, +, H.. nae. flIris..
-. ,,,l,, st;l1 sall nnt.to.s far ~
.arta - hnanal and nrnr.rs a},u oqrl
>-ora -, n,u a,,an,iE, fnr ~ cau, ii
a '7s,a And ne for eupa,.gbv inst
}iota, e. ,bis from tLa arithmetic
haar,.
"a orooo,. hoe IN barrels af supa,.
aooh -gantoining iIo mounds n mo
.a1lr thn ..,go,. fo,. 4 ranta - uouud
,,,,,, r,,,,lI, ,,,n,,,,,,. vim no h,,,ao,
r. th;s oood hool d,roIl ,,r,sn,r,,,4
o,oaars Who baya h,rp,,in sales ol
hnt,sr Of n cam , nonnd and love.
ahio niil,man VINO etlrlt ia the old
Ut - : ,,,,.~ d. ,,,,,,, ,.,.,.,.5i.,s.. .,f
Free trader-journal and Ottawa fair dealer. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1920-1927, 1920-05-14
Why Despotism lrks-

We bow to the government of Cod
but we turn against the dcSpat. No
man likes to share in the shipwreck
barked by violence, and which has
been steered contrary to his wish and
Oplnion.-Amiel.
Albuquerque morning journal., 1920-09-20
toward that direction in which the

toward that direction in which the
governor rotates.
S.-The piston in an engine
which is operating at 500 revolu-
tions per minute, and which has
a stroke of four inches. would trav-
ell at the rate of 333 1-3 feet per
minute. The result is obtained by
adding the downward and upward
strokes of piston in inches, null
tiplying this sum by the number
of revolutions per minute of the
crankshaft and dividing this re-
suit by twelve to get the answer in
feet per minute.
9.-To remove a tight-fitting
stud, the simplest way without
damaging the threads is to screw
two nuts on the stud, lock them to-
gether by turning one nut against
the other, and placing a wrench on
the lower nut turn out the stud.
l0.--A good way to find a leak
in a radiator, possibly the easie st
If the leak is very small. is to drain
the radiator, cover the filler cap
and inlet, and plug the outlet, leav-
ing just enough space so that the
hose of an air pump may be in
serted. Immerse the entire radia-
tor in water and pump air into it.
A leak will force bubbles to the
surface of the water.