The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1920-01-17
tuberculosis.

IuDcfCulOS1S.
Tuberculosis is specific, infectious
disease due to the presence of the
germ of tuberculosis bacillus tuber-
cu1osis) and marked by diffuse infil-
tration of the tissue which eventually
hardens or ulcerates and by symptoms
which vary with the organs or parts
of the body affected.
The tubercle is the invariable abb
normal unit of all tuberculous LESSONS,
and to gain some knowledge of the
disease, there must be some under
standing of the so-called "tubercle."
The cause of the formation of the
tubercle is the Bacillus tuberculosis.
There are other tubercles, not due to
tuberculosis, which are found in GER
tain diseases in sheep, in syphilis and
in lumpy jaw.
Baumgarten has described the
changes following incubation with
| tuberculous products of the anterior
| of the eye:
The first day the germs increase
and spread along the lymph spaces.
By the sixth day because the germ
is a foreign body, a stimulation results
and the connective cells increase.
| About the tenth day, the white blood
cells because of the poison thrown out
| by the germ emigrate from the blood
vessels to combat the invader. The
connective tissue cells increase in size
! and cell known as the giant cell''
develops. The tubercle germs are con-
| tanned in and around the giant cell.
The single tubercle Is visible only
under high power microscope, but
when a great number of these single
| tubercles fuse the result is a tubercle
visible to the naked eye, the size of
a millet seed, gray in color, and trans
| lucent. The complete tubercle does
not have any blood vessels.
The tubercle then undergoes one of
| two changes. First, caseation which
4 results in IFS hPaq kinC nj
at its center, from lack of blood. The
| result is a yelloWish HOMOGENEOUS,
| cheesy mass and is a destructive and
! dangerous change. Secondly, indura-
! ton or an encapsulation of the tuber-
| Gle may take place with a growth of
| connective tissue around it. 1t limits
| the tubercle and is conservat tive
| change. This change occurs most fire.
| Quently in the peritoneum, which is the
lining of the abdomen, and the outer
covering of the intestines and organs
contained in the abdomen.
| Tubercles devolp at the point of in
| lection, and also in the nearest lymph
gland, which permanently or tempo
rarily arrests the process.
The terms phthisis, which is a word
used synonomously with tuberculosis,
means wasting away. This word was
| first used by Hippocrates, and means
| that he was familiar with the symp-
| toms of the disease, altho he did not
culosis may be divided into three
epochs.
Epoch I.
During this epoch the structure of
| the tubercle and the tubercle was
| recognized by several men prominent
among medical authorities at the time.
The tubercle was probably first recog-
nized by Sylvius (1614-1672), Bayle in
/ 1910 demonstrated the extensive dis
trfbution of these peculiar nodules in
! the various organs and different parts
! of the body; with their close relation
to pulmonary tuberculosis.
| Iaennec, who was a pupil of Boyle
in 1919, studied the peculiar change
which the tubercle underwent. He
| considered them characteristic and
| called everything tuberculous in which
1t was found. The condition of casea-
| ton, due to a breaking up of the tu-
bercle was recognized in 1S47 by
| Virchow
| Another opinion became prevalent
after Virchow made this discovery be-
cause the same anatomical process as
| tuberculous caseation was found in
! certain inflammatory conditions that
were not tuberculous, and also was
| found in cancerouS conditions
In 1857 Bull demonstrated a case
OF military tuberculosis arising from
! old points of caseation. Cruveilhier
1 Rillet and Baithez made extensive
investigations in tuberculosis during
! the period.
Epoch 2.
This preiod was opened in 1865, by
/ Villemin who proved conclusively that
tuberculosis could be produced artifi-
cially by inoculating animals with
small amounts of tubercuIous and
| cheesy substance. K1enpke (1s43)
had made some experiments along
i these lines but Villemin absolutely
I proved his point.
Altho doubted and misinterpreted in