davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Great Falls daily tribune., 1920-10-17
HARD TINES FOR NEWSPAPERS.

The enormous increase in the cost Of produc
ing newspapers has its inevitable result in the
suspension or consolidation of many newspaper
properties all over the United States The trade
journals devoted to newspapers bring us strik-
ing evidence Of the fact Two daily newspapers
Of considerable prominence and circulation in
Hartford, Connecticut have gone out Of exist
ence in the past year or SO. The Hartford Cour
ant thus comments on the fact. 1t says: "The
Hartford Post yesterday ended it's career,
career which has extended over 81 years with
many ups and downs of fortune to mark it's ex-
istence These are bad days for newspapers
that are not so firmly established or so we'll
financed that they can weather the tempest Of
tremendously increased expenses all along the
line Hundreds of them have succumbed during
the past few years throughout the country
some simply quitting others being absorbed IN
stronger papers as the case with the Post, which
the Hartford Times buys, and the once extremely
prosperous Sunday Globe which the Courant
acquired less than a year ago"
The newspapers have not only been confronted
by the ordinary increase in labor costs and ma
terial costs that all sorts of business have had
to sustain in the past two years but they have
had to meet special conditions in an advance Of
more than three hundred per cent in the cost OF
the white paper they use. The larger their cir
culation the bigger this factor becomes. The
Tribune contract, for instance, calls for about
75O tons for the use of this paper. A few years
ago we paid 1.9 cents at the mill for it. Now
we pay seven cents. That makes difference
in the cost of white paper for year about
$4,000. When to this is added the additional
cost of labor and all other sorts of material used
in the production of newspaper the reader can
get some idea of the financial difficulties con-
fronting daily newspapers in the east that have
a circulation many times as large as that of The
Tribune. Unless they have very large margin
of profit, or have accumulated capital reserve
or have an "angel" to meet deficits they are
practically forced out of business.
The effect on the weekly newspapers of the
country is less marked because they do not have
to use SO much news print and it's cost bears
much smaller proportion to the total cost of pub
lcation. But even in the weekly field good
many newspapers are going out of existence, be-
cause a margin of profit very small at all times
has turned into deficit because of increased
costs Of production. It is hard times for news
papers Of all sorts who are on a business basis
and expect to remain so. .
Great Falls daily tribune., 1920-10-17
RESIGNED TO HIS FATE.

In the early days of the war group
of optimistic young men assembled at the
officers training camp at Fort Myer,
Va, with all the, necessary appurte-
nances of officers, from spurs to an ex-
ira pair of field glasses. Later on. as
it became necessary for the authorities
to hand out little pink slips and one-way
tickets home. it grew into custom for
the departing candidate to auction off
his equipment.
One Saturday morning Captain Blank
said sharply to Candidate Jones, of com
pany X:
Mr.. Jones. drill the company"
AIR. Jones stepped forth. Taking his
place before the company, he was sud-
denly stricken dumb.
"Well?" demaded the captain with
strongly rising infection.
Jones gulped. 'Wh-wh what am |
offered for my trunk locker?" he STAN
mered-The Home Sector.
Great Falls daily tribune., 1920-10-17

enue at the head of the inaugural pro-
cession together. 1t has been said that
in 1892 was the first time that party
had been retired from power during
prosperous times, but as the panic of
1898 was already approaching the state
ment is hardly fair. The election of
Cleveland by such great majority
was a forewarning Of the great radical
unrest which was to reach the flood
tide at the next election.
Great Falls daily tribune., 1920-10-17

The largest known crab is a marine
form of Japan which is % inches be-
tween the biting claws.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1920-10-29
MANILA, KANSAS CITY OF
THE PHILIPPINES

In connection with the continued dis
cussion Of independence for the Phil
ippines the capital city Of the Islands,
Manila becomes of special interest.
AS a transport wends inward from
the China sea, Ii passes the island or
Corregidor, beyond which stretches
Manila bay, whose 120-mile circumfer-
ence could surround the navies of the
world. Its rival will not be found In
the far East. On the right Of its ell
trance stands Cavite, where Dewey
sank the Spanish feet.
From the bay the city Of Manila
seems to lie almost at water level
with hazy mountains for back
ground. Before the United States
came to the islands Manila was
sleepy town, sprawled lazily beyond
the bay and the wharves Of the river
Pasig, which bisects 1t. Its streets
were quiet and almost deserted at
times, its suburbs shady and pretty,
and a general air of "manana" per-
vaded Its atmosphere.
Today its estimated population
equals that of Jersey City, Indianap-
oils or Kansas City; the river is alive
with launches and vessels of every
description, including the households
Of a literally floating population of
fifteen thousand; and through It's port
IL sends yearly to other countries near
ly hundred million dollars worth Of
hemp, sugar, copra, tobacco and other
comodities.
A unique sight in Manila is the Pace
cemetery, which at present has fallen
into disuse. 1t Is composed OF two con-
centric walls about six feet thick,
honeycombed with holes just large
enough for a coffin. In the olden days
these were leased for periods of five
years. AT the end of that time If no
one was sufficiently interested In the
remains of an inmate to pay his rent
for another five years his bones were
thrown on a heap at the back of the
cemetery. Imagine the "shimmy" the
flesh on an ancestor-worshipin China
mans backbone would perform should
he behold the queue of one of his pro-
genitors protruding from this Golgotha.
Out from the walled city near the
bay shore is Luneta small amuse-
ment park, and Wallace field, used
for sports and the annual carnival.
In the days of Spanish rule Wallace
field was an execution ground for po-
litical prisoners, and here DR.. Jose
Rial, the Filipino surgeon, novelist
and patriot, was executed.
Manila's chief shopping district is
north of the river, and enterprising
Filiplnos, Americans and Chinese have
set up stores, banks, factories and
restaurants, giving this portion Of the
city an up-and-doing air.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1920-10-29

I'll sky and horizon meet In q barely
perceptible line. Parts of II remind
one very much of our own western
prairies. In spring and summer IL Is
an ocean of verdure, with the varied
shades Of green OF the growing vege-
tatiOn interspersed with flowers of
many hues; later, In the autumn after
the crops are harvested, II becomes a
brown waste of stubble and burned-up
pastures; I'm winter ii is white. glis-
tening expanse of snow.
There are not many old towns In
the Ukraine. Except In Kiev and
Kharkov, one will hardly find build
ing more than hundred years old.
No old medieval churches built up by
the toll of generations of devout
hands, no old chateaux of the nobil-
ity, no palaces rich in pictures will
be encountered. The great majority
of the towns are still big, overgrown
villages.
"The towns are separated from each
other by enormous distances, with I'M
perfect communication. The peasants
plant their villages in the lee of some
swell in the surface or by the edge Of
q stream I'm which they can water their
fiocks during the drought which may
come"
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1920-10-29
WHAT is THE UKRAINE ?

In the heart of the Ukrainian ter
ritory Poles and Ukrainians partici-
pated In a struggle with the Bolshe-
Wiki.
What Is the Ukraine? The Poles
and the Lithuanians of a few centuries
ago knew well this most turbulent sec
ton over which they attempted to
rule, and imperial Russia for long
time was greatly troubled by this very
unruly part of her expansive domain.
The Tatars and the Turks felt its
proximity because of the many raids
made upon them by the wild warriors
Of the steppes," says Nevin o. Winter
in communication to the National
Geographic society.
1.-THE Ukraine includes southeastern
Russia, with the exception Of the
province known as Bessarabia, which
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1920-10-29
WHAT'S IN THE NAME
"AMERICA"

Millions sing America; compare
lively few know the origin of the
name. It's history and its symbolism
are described In a communication to
the National Geographic society by
John H. Finley as follows:
America name that was first
heard on the planet, or at any rate
first put on a printed page, according
to the best authorities, in the village
Of St Die, among the Vosges noun
tains In the east of France, often call
ed the Baptismal font Of America.
ION a pilgrimage to this valley Of
the Vosges some years ago, l found
still standing the cloisters where the
scholars had lived who wrote The In
PRODUCTION to Ptolemy's Cosmography'
the book In which 1t was suggested
that the name America be given to
the newly-discovered fourth continent
and who prepared the now famous
map on which the emerging continent
was identified There, too, I found
the site of the old printing shop, and
the house itself In which the printer,
Jean Basin, had lived
AT the beginning of the war the
Germans had occupied It, and in 1917
their guns looked down upon It from
the blue line of the Vosges.' The
cloisters, close under the mountains,
l found In q recent and second pill
grimage had not been damaged, but
there were many houses that had been
destroyed by shell or by wanton fire,
though Jean Basins was still stand
ing.
Europe could not readily forget the
geography Of It's infancy and child
hood, but America began from its God
fearing settlement with an astronomy
OF infinite distances, with geography
partaking Of the sky as well as Of the
sea and land.
"As there was no feudal system of
society for America to unlearn, be-
ginning as 1t did with the compact
and CONSTITUTIONAL so there was no
physical theory of the universe for 1t
to abandon. 1t was democratic and
Copernlcan from It's first national con-
seriousness.
"With this Copernican consciousness
Of the universe. America should be the
least provincial of the continents, for
Asia and Africa, as well az Europe,
still remember the old cosmography
and In some darker regions still cling
20 t."
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1920-10-29
BARBADOS: ISLAND OF
VAST RESOURCES

Barbados Is one of the most inter
esting and least known of the pos
sessions of Great Britain.
Pear-shaped, solitary, farthest east
of the West Indies, Barbados general
ly Is accounted the most healthful Of
the group. even though 1t is the most
populous country In, the world, per
square mile, except China, and George
Washington carried to his grave the
marks Of smallpox contracted on
visit there.
The island-there is but one despite
the misleading plural name-is but an
eighth the size of our Rhode Island,
but has twice as many inhabitants
per square mile as our smallest and
most densely populated state.
Seldom does a volcano become an
asset, but volcanic eruptions have con-
tributed largely to the fertility OF Bar
bados. When the sun was obscured
throughout one day In May, 1912, the
Barbadans were panic stricken, but
when the gentle rain OF black dust
subsidized, the deposit was found to
be ashes from an eruption of st. Vim
cent Soufriers nearly 100 miles to the
west, which enriched the soil.
Long before that time, though, Bar
bados was productive. Oldest Of Brit
ish colonial possessions except New
foundland, 1t also was the first place
In the British empire where sugar
cane was planted. It's average crop
Of this now high-priced commodity is
$4,000 tons. It also has 1000 acres
planted I'm sea-island or long-staple
cotton; raises 10000 punches yearly Of
the Chinese banana, and exports mo-
lasses.
One phenomenon Of Barbados has
not been accounted for. For years
the so-called Barbados Coffin Story"
furnished a mystery which would in
terest present-day psychic investiga-
tors. In the yard of a church near
Oistin's Town is a churchyard burial
vault, hewn from rock and arched with
cemented stone. A woman was buried
there In lead coffin, according to
Barbadan custom. Several years later
when the vault was opened again to
receive another body, the coffin had
been removed from its original po-
sition. Upon the second occasion Spe-
cial precautions were taken to seal
the vault. Several times thereafter,
though seals were unbroken and there
seemed no other mode of entering
the solid rock and masonry, the cof-
fins were displaced. Finally the mouth
Of the vault was cemented, and when
It was time to receive another body
officials of the island and an i'm
mense crowd gathered for the cere-
mony. once more all the leaden casll-
cts were found to have been disturbed
and the family had their dead removed
to another burying ground. No salts
factory solution of these strange &C.
currences has been offered.
A natural curiosity Of Barbados is
the animal Flower Cave" the So
called flowers being sea worms.
Not so agreeable are the Mauchineel,
or poison trees, along the shores,
whose leaves blister the skin and con-
taminate the water.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1920-10-29

Speaking of the brontosaurus IL any
one ever did, one might paraphrase
Gelett Burgess:
81 never saw a dinosaur,
never hope to see one."
Yet, according to reports from At
rican explorers live dinOsaur,
brontosaurus has been found in Africa
Now that the dinosaur Is with US,
potentially, big game enthusiasts will
be interested in this description of pre-
historic big game, quoted from a com
munication to the National Geographic
society by Barnum Brown
To-day we must go to Africa for the
biggest game; but there was a time
In the dim distant past when America
produced animals larger than any now
living. That was so long ago that
nothing remains of these creatures ex-
cept their bones, and they are turned
to stone.
"The animals are dinosaurs; for
the moment we will call them lizards
not the creeping, crawling kind, but
huge reptiles that stalked upright
through the jungles, rivaling in size
the elephant, the hippopotamus and
the rhinoceros.
1.-The place is Alberta, Canada, and
the time Of their existence 100000
years ago.
SIN these marshes Of prehistoric
nf
large, some small and Of various forms
flesh eaters and herb eaters, but all
sharing certain characters in common
and known as dinosaurs. Not any
were closely related TO any living rep
tile, yet they had some characters
common to the lizards crocodiles and
birds.
"Of the kinds characteristic of the
period one species, herb eater named
TrachOdon, was more than 80 feet long
and about 10 feet high when standing
erect. It's head, with broadly-expand-
ed mouth, resembles that of a duck
but back Of the beak there are more
than 1000 small teeth, disposed in
many vertical rows each containing
several individual teeth, the new ones
coming up from below as the old ones
wore out.
"The long hind legs terminated In
three large-hoofed toes, and the short
err. slender front feet were partly
webbed. A long, thin, slender tail act
ed as powerful swimming organ, and
the body was covered with rough tu-
berculate skin. Having no means OF
defense, 1t lived chiefly In the water
where 1t was free from attacks of the
flesh eaters"
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1920-10-29
SEA SLEDS FOR AlRPLANES
Speed Of Giant Floats Makes the
Taking or From, Small Space
Matter of Ease.

Giant sea sleds capable Of carrying
airplanes out in midocean are being
developed by q Boston concern. Some
are equipped with four motors, total
ing 1850 horsepower, and have a
speed of So miles an hour.
In the event Of war with a foreign
nation these sea sleds would be util-
lied to transport heavy bombing
planes across the ocean. Thousands
could be sent at a comparatively low
cost.
While ii is possible for an airplane
20 learve the deck of a sea sled, there
is not sufficient room for landing TO
be made. The flying machine would
have to work out its own salvation
once its wheels left the sled.
These sea sleds are built to lift and
run on the surface Of the water. When
a speed of 80 miles an hour is reached
II is possible for an airplane to open
It's motors and leave the deck without
any further runway.
Experiments made off the New Eng
land coast show that small airplane
can take off, when the sea sled is
making but 40 miles an hour in a
heavy sea. Other tests are being made
to develop the high power planning sea
sleds into pleasure craft as well as for
military and naval purposes.
Gordon s. Orme of New Orleans, a
wealthy sportsman, has had a 32-foot-
er built for his use In the Gulf Of Mex
leo. Factories have been established
in Atlantic City to aid in producing
the sea sleds, which are now being
tested off the New England coast.
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1920-10-29

partakes of the character Of the Bal
kan states and Is peopled with Rou-
manians and Bulgarians. The great
seaport of Odessa and surrounding
country have been added to 1t under
the new alignment
1.-The Ukraine does not reach much
north of Kiev or east of Kharkov, but
IL is a large state in itself, about as
large as the former German empire.
with some twenty-five or thirty mill
lions Of people living in II.
"There is lure about the limitless
stretches of the steppes In the
Ukraine. In wide, level spaces, or in
gentle undulatons, they reach out un-
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1920-10-29
Passing True.

"The leading lady of the play made
her mark in the first scene"
"Yes, l saw her do II when she
leaned her powdered face on the hero's
black dress coat shoulder"
Charlevoix county herald. (East Jordan, Mich.) 189?-1953, 1920-10-29
SOME BIG GAME OF THREE
MILLION YEARS AGO

Speaking of the brontosaurus If any
one ever did, one might paraphrase
Gelett Burgess:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-12

An unusually remarkable and here
tofore untold story Of Carl Bronner.
sailor in the United States Navy
AID a former patient at the Naval
Hospital here. who was totally blind
ed in Italy was revealed today by the
federal board for vocational education.
The sailor was discharged from the
Navy on June 81, still totally blind
and with both hands amputated.
While at the Naval Hospital here he
serve at least a part of the hearing
in his left ear.
While in Italy Bronner had picked
up what resembled an inoffensive TIN
can. 1t proved to be . crude hand
grenade. and it exploded as he held
it in his hands. His companion was
killed instantly. while Bronner
emerged without eyes, hands and WITH
other wounds. This happened on All
gust 9, 1919.
For almost a year Bronner had
been under treatment in Italian ana
American hospitals. Before he was
discharged the supervisor for the blind
of the federal board. who is resPon-
sible for the training of men blinded
in the service, went to New York
and found Louis A. Young, man with
normal vision who eighteen years ago
had lost both hands and most OF one
arm in an explosion. Young was nj
teen years old when the tragedy came
into his life. He was thrown on his
ewn resources and through persistent
effort has overcome his handicap to
such a remarkable degree that he is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-12
'CANNING OF TOMATOES
UNDER MANY HANDICAPS
Tin MIL Strike and Packers Money
Shortage Make Situation
| Serious. z
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Especial Dispatch to The Star.
BALTIMORE, August ~. The
tomato canning situation is worse in
Maryland now than it has ever been,
due to q series of disceuTaging de-
|velopments. In view of the fact that
Maryland supplies about so Der cent
of the canned tomato trade OF the
country, those in touch with the stu
alton inaist that there never was a
time when it is more important for
the housewives of the country to can
tomatoes than right now. The dis
|couraging developments began many
months ago when the men in the tin
mills went on a prolonged strike. re-
turning to work just as the railroad
strike opened up, thus causing the
mills to remain idle another long
period anG putting production of tin
back six months.
Now that tomatoes are ripening in
the fields the canning factories are
unable to supply anything like the
needed cans. With the money short
age many packers are unable to
finance their canning operations. The
cans are selling much higher than
a year ago and all labor costs are
greater. Therefore. there will not be
anything like enough tomatoes can
ned to meet the demand.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-12
SPANISH BIRTH RATE
DECREASE ALARMS, KING
Alfonso Also Warns Medical and
Social Congress Of High Nor
tality in Nation"

sANTANDoR, Spain. August H.
Grave warning to the Spanish ma
ton concerning the decrease in the
birth rate and the high rate of NOR
tality throughout the country was
uttered here today by King Alfonso
in the course Of his address opening
the medical and social congress. The
king pointed out that within the last
few years the birth rate in Spain
has fallen from thirty-eight to thir-
ty-thfee per thousand Of population,
while the death rate has increased.
Giving concrete instances. he said
that in Madrid and Santa Cruz de
Teneriffe the number of deaths dur
ing March was greater than the
"This condition. the king continu-
ed. has resulted from the ire
sponsibility of the people: and it is
dangerous to the nation. It the num-
her Of births does not. Increase, and
Il there Is not a falling OF in NOR
tality, Spain will be in peril Of dis
appearing instead Of being able to
retain her proper place a. one of
the leading nations"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-12

from Bronner's stumps ana proceed
ed to teach him hew to take care
of himself. That evening, for the
first time In eleven msnths, Brenner
combed his hair and fed himself.
The movements were, Of course, crude,
but the artificial hands haa been laid
aside as useless, and. with tbs aid
of q small strap On each wrist. more
was accomplished In one hour than
than had been in the preceding eleven
months in the matter Of independent
action and self-help.
On the day of the sailors dis.
charge Young took him TO the Red
Cross Institute for the Blind in Bal
timore for further training In re-
adjustment. After q week Of such
training q little les4 than , miracle
had been performed. bonner was
studying the Braille system Of read :
ing for the blind. Now he Is feed
ing himself at meals. with . little
assistance, and with the aid Of q
| safety razor he Is shaving himself.
He has been supplied with civilian
| clothes and is now learning to dress
| himself. He takes his daily exer-
| cises in the gymnasium and COM
pletes this with q dip in the swim
L ming uOol.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-12
REPUBLICAN CONVENTION
OPENS IN WEST VIRGINIA
Adoption Of Platform and Nom
ination Of Candidate for Judge
on Program.

WHEELING, W. Va, August IA
Adoption of a platform and the NOM
ination of candidate for supreme
court justice was the program of the
day before the republican state con-
vention. which convened here at 10
o'clock this morning.
More than 1000 republican leaders
were in attendance. The two SUBJ
jects most freely discussed among
them before the convention was call
ed to order were the advisability of
ePesly, declaring in platform
against any form Of the league of ma
tions and the question Of declaring
for the repeal Of the existing primary
election law.
Mont 2. White Of Williamson. state
chairman, declined to discuss tho is
sues. but said there would be NO
doubt as to where the party ateod
when the platform was presented.
A meeting of the state committee
was held at 1880 o'clock last night.
at which a number of important mat
ters in connection with the framing
of the platform were discussed.