davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1920-01-31
Airship Construction.

Some interesting facts regarding
the work required in building large
modern air>l,ip are given in recent
issue of the Engineer, which states
that the general problems of design
are closely allied to those of naval
architecture. although the airship de-
,signer must be highly skilled me-
<hanical engineer and also must have
q knowledge of textile technology
For the work on construction. owing
to the multiplicity Of parts required,
a very efficient shop organization is
necessary. In rigid airshp struc-
ture, excluding the machinery there
are 10000 different parts, total
length of structural material of
20 miles, 60 miles Of wire and more
than 100000 rivets.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1920-01-31
Business Welcomes Radio circuits.

Business Welcomes Radio Circuits.
With the new radio circuits in. op~
"eration between America and the far
East, it is comforting to know, even
II one has infrequent occasion to com.
municate with Japan. Hawaii and the
Philippines, that the new service is
considered quite reasonably inexpen-
sive. One may communicate with Ma
nila from the California stations for
6 cents word, and with Hawaii for 3.
Even If the rates were higher, how
ever, the new circuits would be well
coined by American business interests,
for the development of trade, as well
:as the transmission of news, has been
seriously handicapped by lack Of facili"
ties for communication. The United
States will get better news service
in consequence, do more business. and
may feel also. according to naval Of
-fcers, that the national defense Sys-
item has been strengthened at a weak
point.-Christjan Science Monitor.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1920-01-31
Ruskjn's Birthplace for SAFE.

No. 54 Hunter street. Brunswick
square, London, the birthplace of John
Ruskin, is for sale by private treaty.
In the early days of the nineteenth
century, says the London Telegraph.
John James Ruskin came to London
from Edinburgh to enter the wine
trade. In 1918 he married his cousin.
Margaret Cox, and February 8, 1910,
the author of Sesame and Lilies" was
S,orn. The house in Hunter street,
which is now distinguished by COM
memorative tablet, is Of the substan-
tial Georgian type so we'll known in
Bloomsbury and was erected at a
time WREN that district was particular
~ in favor among city merchants.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1920-01-31
RHEUMATISM,
FEET SWOLLEN

Saltwater, Nfinn.:--I fccl that it is ny
duty to write about the wonderful results
received from the use of 'Anuric. was
suffering from kidney and bladder trouble,
scalding, rheumatism, also my feet and
ankles swellcd so that at times | could not
walk without assistance. Had taken
several different kinds of kidney remedies
and all failed. Finally sent to DR.. Pierce
(anti-uric-acid). which received by mail in
tubIct form. l soon got better and am
convinced that this popular new medicine
is good. wish to recommend It to my
neighbors and everybody suffering frc,r
kidney troubles. MRS. vi. J. SAE.,E>
2lS L, Elm ST..
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1920-01-31
When Money Came Peace Flew Out Of the Window

Some weeks ago Mrs. Rossbach
sued for divorce. At the trial she said
would not fit into her life; that he
lived mostly in the garage where he
kept a bottle and entertained such
friends as the street sweeper and
Kelley, who piloted the steam roller;
kept his hat on at meals.
Rossbach admitted many Of the
wife's allegations, and at the time the
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1920-01-31
Suspicjous.

"As he came in, noticed his face
was lighted with wonderful glow
and his eyes were shining"
'Say, where could he get anything
to make him all lit up that way?'
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1920-01-31
The Shorn Lamb.

"Why did wilkins decide to stay IN
the army?"
HE didn't see any other way Of get
ting an overcoat this winter.
Home Sector.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1920-01-31
Betrayed HIS Cause.

+ Betrayed HIS cause.
The impassioned orator at tramps
convention paused and wiped his per-
spring brow.
Brother" he said. this is hard
work."
Then they expelled hin.-Boston
Post.
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1920-01-31

Roa"h the guilty
divorce. Said Rossbach:
suit and will She
wouldn't mind Bit When she had
Joy myself"
summing the the judge said:
window He didn't
He's old to learn
tricks. wish him happiness in his marital freedom"
earned his living and
do tagain
The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1920-01-31
KIDNEYS AND BLADDER

Inland, S. Dak.:-" can recommend
DR.. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets and Anuric
(anti-uric-acid) Tablets as grand medicines.
was troubled with my stomach and also
had weakness OF the bladder and | started
taking Dr. Pierce's Anuric Tablets and
Pleasant Pellets and believe they have
cured me of my trouble. | think my
stomach trouble was dyspepsia. The
Pleasant Pellets are the best regulator
of the stomach and bowels have ever
used and would recommend them highly.
l have used four bottles OF Anuric Tablets
and four vials of Pleasant Pellets. ."-E. A.
EASTMAN.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-02-12

Senator Dillingham; has written the
secretary of the Commercial club at st.
Johnsbury that the senate bill increas-
ing the appropriation for the new gov
eminent building at st. Johnsbury has
been held up as no money for public
buildings will be voted at this term
of congress.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-02-12
BRATTLEBORO PERSONAL


Miss Emma Mixer resumed work today
in Donpell & Dayis's millinery store for
the spring season.
Principal Julius E. Warren of the Brat
tleboro high school, who is i'll with grip in
his home on Green street, is more com
Portable today. His temperature has
returned to normal.
Mrs. George Titcomb, who had been a
guest of Mr.. and Mrs. A. w. Rockwell,
returned this morning to her home in
Gardner, Mass. Mrs Titcomb was called
here by the critical illness of her aunt,
Mrs. Lucius Putnam, who died Sunday
in her home in Vernon
Miss Evelyn Harris left today for Han
over, n. H, where she viii be guest of
friends at the Dartmouth Outing club
winter carnival, which lasts three DAYS
Fred H. Harris also will attend the
carnival.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-02-12
PRESIDENT STOPS
CABINET MEETINGS
No More to Be Held Unless He Orders
Them-Some Speculation Over
- the Reason.


WASHINGTON, Feb. l2.-Here is a
brand new Washington mystery. The
cabinet meetings which have been such a
feature of the administration since the
Presidents absence and subsequent i'll
ness have been suddenly discontinued by
the direction of the President himself.
As the President progressed toward
health every serious question was
brought to his attention for advice or
decision.
The coal strike, among other things
was handled by the cabinet, and, though
the cabinet divided on the injunction
procedure, it worked out all right.
1t was assumed that the threatened
railroad strike would be handled in the
same way if it Powered into a real in
dustrial disturbance, but suddenly came
the word to cabinet officers that there
would be no more cabinet meetings un.
less called by the Presidents order.
No explanation accompanied the notice
1t was delivered to the secretary of state
and by him conveyed by letter to each of
the members of the cabinet-a simple
statement that by direction of the Pres
ident there would be no more cabinet
meetings until he called one.
Two guesses are made as to the reason
for the sudden change in the system OF
administration. One, that the President
means to handle the difficulty with the
railroad men himself and therefore wants
to avoid any possibility of the cabinet
messing it, and the other that he feels
himself so nearly well that he anticipates
being able to preside at cabinet meetings
himself in the very near future.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-02-12
League Standing.
Games Friday.

Turner's Falls at Deerfeld. Brattle-
boro at Arms.
The Inter Church World Movement
of North America, through its regional
director for New England, has appoint
ed the Rev. F. E. Dawson of Derby
publicity agent for the state of Yer
mont, The Rev Mr.. Dawson is a
newspaper man of much experience,
having been connected with the Rut-
land Herald for the last 90 years, be-
sides editorial connection with other
papers east and west.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-02-12
400 4l9 406-l,23l

376 39l 4ll-l,l7S
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-02-12
SPORTING
BARELY LOSES ONE POINT.
Team L Defeats Team c 1891 to 1878
on Odd Fellows, Alleys.

Bowling on the Odd Fellows alleys last
evening was principally in favor of team
L. although team c won the third point
with difference of but five pins. for
the string, while the point for pinfall
was won by team L by SO. pins. The high
single string and three string totals were
rolled by Strong ofsteam L with l04
and 26l respectively. Following are
the scores:
- TEAM L.
Holbrook (sub.), 80 70 70 23s
Rohde, 96 80 10 252
Strong, IS lO4 S2E pol
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-02-12
VERMONT NEWS.

The Williams malfeasanee ease will
go to the next term of the supreme
court, as the matter stands now, the
state being unable to get matters in
shape for arg,slentb ~
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-02-12

Foster Slayton of Barre prominent
figure in the athletics of Goddard Semi
nary was severely burned in an explo-
sion when he poured kerosene into the
kitchen range to start the fire. The
house was set on fire but was quickly
extinguished
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-02-12

Accept California" Syrup of Figs
only-look for the name California on
the package, then you are sure your
child is having the best and most harm.
less laxative or physic for the little
stomach, liver and bowels. Children
love its delicious frnity taste. Full
directions for child's dose on each bot.
tie. Give 1t without fear.
Mother! You must say "sCahfornia. -
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-02-12

Eugene Sylvester, Ludlow electri-
elan, sustained severe shock and a
badly burned hand and wrist Monday
when he came in contact with wire
that was being adjusted. His right
thumb was burned to the bone and
his left wrist was badly burned. 1t
was some time before he recovered suffi-
GENTLY to be removed to his home, but
it is thought he will recover.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1920-04-24

arrival ot III" tramp train COMING from
the different cities Of the United states.
\, the nrst stop the passengers wrr"
served sandwiches by Cumradc charles
LAudmeycr. They were wrapped IN
newspaper. but found favor with the
ramps. ~ the second stop cumrade
Charles Rush treated the iTanps to
pickles on toothpicks and hurried them
On their urcsome journey. Comrade
Josephine kronjacgcr was in charge OF
the third stop and she insisted on the
tramps showing their tOothp!CkS before
:'lving them homo baked beans. Com
radc William Fisher. thinking the
iramps must bc thirsty. gave Il tin Of
coffee 10 each Of Tho bunch AZ tn" fourth
stop. CnmrHdc Mary Trcw""k. at stop
I'VE. gave each tramp little sweet, in
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1920-04-24

CHARLESTON, ". Va. April So
Because OF Ia" appropriation to thas
kcysor preparatory school being prac@.
tical!y exhausted. due to the recent fires
the new building erected. and tho
growth OF the school, the board Of pub.
lie works today secured loan Of $iAHL,
o"n from onn Of the state funds fOk
this institution, -
President Joseph w. Stayrlan wakR.
visitor at the meeting or the board,
The school now has an enrolment Of
$50. growth Of 50 per .cent since last
year,
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1920-04-24
LOAN FOR PREP" SCHOOL.

the form Of a cookie ana at stop sir
conrad" Grace SparEo s-rvcd the en-
iiry crowd ice cream. :.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1920-04-24

itamn-ilt-sd ". Fox. Cameron.
Rogers \ Huston. Falrmont. 9.
Vi S,on". New MIr'insv,ll". Is. \
stone P,n" Grove. K. l.. F"tty. Pine
Grove. f. \ snyder. cameron. !. l."
I;.nnct, Weston
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1920-04-24

windSor-ir Knapp. tnirmnnt. W. y.
: .,."'. Fa,rmun;. j. T ko"hi. Manning
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1920-04-24

Mss r'ath"r1u" scott Miss Amy
ErsgEcr Miss Forbes and Mrs. Harry
N"nd"i have returned from Cleveland.
whNrr they a't"nd"d ~" national con-
"oranCa 81 ~" : w = \ which has
NrSr ~ s"sSroN 'hrr" for tho past ten
days Mrs Nav krnrcr Lewis. general
s".rSrars 90 th--aSsn,Ia'inr. ~ a; EaT
'..r. Ntrh.. ror = rHw days prior 20 nor
rr'Gra here.
':"urv:e," EjzsnhaCS- and Edna Spiel
'r>"" 90 NcE"NsN port. "a are ~" guest
O." Mss lai..r1 Hnh. ru'Hn. - Mozart
W W-~"., = r'rv o." :" Fn"-tNSn:h
s.rac.. = improving from an illness 81
..-. = 'N al .. h..r1"
= - I.'nh Jennings night operator
rs 'hc Martins Ferry hospital under
v"rf or operation A. hat institution
ve~irriry morning FOR IN" removal Of
be- 'orsrls and ad"noids
Mrs w r. Wallace continues quito
~ Of '0usrliits 1T her howe on the L."
WOOD Ca-rn. on Bethany Tlke.
Mss Emmp Ws,gal - Il" Y W g
A vii spend Sunday with her parents
IN ShadvSlG"
E-:'h II Linton 81 wnodshalc will
-rIurn - Terra Alta Monday after
epanlln@ n" past week with his mot her
~ hnr bora . WNodsdsle.
Mss Emma ArbAnz oC Chillico,hn. o.
10 no guest ~ her cousin. Miss Lillian
Arbrnz ~ Fifteenth street
D.,tectlys James 4 Monroe - r~rov-
a-,nC FROM an attack of rhs umatIsni p:
=. GNm"-
No, rihor D"!l I.';''a has been re-
moved - her home IN Elm Grovc. after
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1920-04-24
About People
Movements Of individuals To And
From The City.
AT THE HOTELS

McLure-T. H. Hail"n. tirat'"r:. W
y Williamson. Huntington. II. i. Rcd
Nway. r,.rk"r>hurE. x l.. williamson
= ~r.->vlllr: " \ l.accna. frlrm"ni
- : cornell. Liitl~,pu. J. Z. Phillip
. -'r~s. Fail, Il. 7. L.rIsh. Warrington
e.. = E.u. harrisburg, H. NJ Huiand
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1920-11-16
PROFESSOR FINDS WOMENS BRAIN SKIN
DEEP; WILL RUN 4 BEAUTY PARLOK

The day of the sloppy business Wo,,
man is gone. Even old men, grabbed
and confirmed woman haters, now m
sist upon a good-looking office GIRL
not that they wish to firt with her,
but because it is good business. Some
of the big department stores have
beauty parlors for employees, and Sey-
eral stores give the girls an extra hall
hour at noon if they promise to spend
il in getting a marcel or a massage.
One music house has lecturer VINO
comes to the store and tells the girls
how to improve their looks.
"The principal of one of the Chicago
schools, who had never been in beau
tv parlor, although she is past 50,
came to me and had herself 'dolled up.
She comes every two weeks now and
she tells me that it NAL eS the biggest
difference in her school work and even
at home, for she is married.
THE price paid for mental culture
is absurd. But there is no price women
will not pay to insure an Improvement
in their appearance.
Il got the beauty parlor idea one
day when my wife was going to din
ner and had to phone eight beauty
parlors before she found one with
time enough to make her more lovely
for the party"
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1920-11-16
# BACK HURTS USE
SALTS FOR KIDNEYS
Eat less meat if Kidneys feel Like lead
or Bladder bOthers you-Meat
forms uric aoid

Most. folks forget that the kidneys,
like the bowels, get sluggish and clogged
and need flushing occasionally, else we
have backache and dull misery in the
Kidney region, severe headaches, rheu-
.aatie twinges, torpid liver, acid stomach,
sleeplessness and all sorts of bladder dis.
urders.
You simply must keep your kidneyc
ctive and clean, and the moment you
feel an ache or pain in the kidney
region, get about four ounces of Jad
Salts from any good drug store here,
take tablespoonful in glass of water
before breakfast for q few days and
your kidneys will then act fine. This
famous salts is made from the acid of
grapes and lemon juice, combined with
lithia, and is harmless to flush clogged
Kidneys and stimulate them to normal
2ctiyity It also neutralizes the acids
Il the urine 30 it no longer irritates,
thus ending bladder disorders.
Jad Salts is harmless; inexpensive;
makes a delightful effervescent lithia-
water drink which everybody should take
now and then to keep their kidneys clean,
thus avoiding serious complications.
3 well-known local druggist says he
cells lots of Jad Salts to folks who believe
in overcoming kidney trouble while it is
only trouble.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1920-11-16
GIRLS, WITH RED
HAIR TAKE CARE
MYSTERIOUS JACK THE CLIP
PER" HAS LIKING FOR IL
TAN LOCKS. ROBS GIRLS.

PHILADELPHIA, Pa.-The po-
lice are searching the city for a mys-
FERROUS lack the Clipper" who has a
oenchant for red hair.
He has been driving around the CITY
in a motor car looking for girls with
titan locks. When he sees one ne
Jumps from his car, ships OFT her mar
Nth a nair of shears, and then makes
his escape in his machine.
Young Girl Victim.
His most recent victim is Miss Lii.
liam R. Gallagher, Is years DID,. OF
Holmesburg. Lillian wore her auburn
hair in eight long curls down her
back, but now, much to her sorrow
she mas it bobbed,
She was on her way to take music
lesson at St. Dominic's convent Wheh
she was shorn of her curls. In descrio-
ing the attack she said:
"As | was walking along the street
q motor car stopped behind me and a
Uomng man Jumped out The next in,
slant | felt a thump behind my heao
which knocked me down.
Clips Off Hair.
"While | lay stunned my assailant
clipped off my hair. He cut it in Jagged
manner, from ear to neck.
1T happened within a few seconds
and the man jumped back into the
car and sped away.
Il called for help, but no ped,es'
TRANS were on the street. Then L be
gan to cry. l thought my mother
would be cross and l did not kno"
how | could explain. :,
The motorman of a passing trolley
car saw the man bending over the
girl. He jumped from his trolley ant
Started to pursue him, but the man eS
capped in his automobile
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1920-11-16
WOMAN COLLECTOR
MAY LOSE ON CONTEST
DEFEATED MAN OPPONENT
SAYS SHE'S NOT ELIGIBLE
UNDER GEORGIA LAW.

THOMSON, Ga.-The first woman
the people of Georgia have ever elect
ed to a public office is now facing
contest brought by disappointed and
defeated opponent in the general cleo
ton, and Governor Dorsey has been
served with notice not to issue a COM
mission to her
Attorney B. ]. Stevens of this town
has served the following notice on
the governor:
Georgia, Columbia county: You are
hereby notified that there is contest
proceeding filed by J. c. Grubbs in
said county against Mrs. Overton Nc
Daniel, who, it is contended, was elect
ed tax collector of said county on the
End day of November, 1920; that said
]. c. Grubbs was candidate for said
office of tax collector and contends
against this lady that she is not eligi-
Bile to become an officer of said coun-
ty in this case. And this is to inform
you not to issue commission in this
matter"
About three weeks ago Overton
Mcdaniel, tax collector of Columbia
county, died. His assistant had been
his wife. Ordinary P B. Mundy APP
pointed Mrs. Mcdaniel for the unex-
pired term, and she became candi-
date in the general election for the Of
fee her husband held and was elected.
Now comes the contest, which will
have to be determined by the courts.
1t is understood the basis of the con-
test will be the ground that Mrs. Nc
Daniel, being d woman, was not a
duly qualified e1ector, could not vote
and was not registered, therefore that
she can't hold public office.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1920-11-16

CHICAGO.Laboring under the mis-
annrehension that what women nave
inside their heads makes some OTTER
ence. Oscar M. Heath, former PROBES
sor of English in the Englewoodd hiigh
school. wasted 80 years Of his lie DIS
Inensing knowledge He admitted It re-
Gently in announcing that his. culture
review school will cease to exist altei
~ struggled along with the idea
that teaching was noble art, SAG Sd0
the professor. There are about 5,ooQ
teachers in Chicago today whom
have instructed. But | saw nothing
ahead of me in my old age but the
moor house. So | started beauty par
Tor and | found out that it is the OUT
side of their heads, not the inside tina!
women wish to have fixed, and l paid
income tax this year for the hrst time .St
at takes brains to teach. 1t doeSti
take any to run a beauty parlor' 20
Pm going to devote the rest OF my liie
to the latter. ,+o ,,,ho
Girls working in restaurants VINO
cannot utter a grammatical sentence,
are making $50 a week in salary ana
fins Whv waste money and tln ne; III
hfinp educated, they reasons! lhey,
get a marcel, a massage, ana go3u
Clothes, and assume a smiling attitude
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1920-11-16
FOUR BILLION DOLLAR
TAX BILL is FACED
TREASURY OFFICIALS ARE AT
WORK ON ANNUAL LEVY. NO
EARLY RELIEF IN SIGHT.

WASHINGTON, D. C.-The MAJ
ton will face a continuation OF the
annual tax bill of $4,000,000,000 for a
period of at east three years if con-
gress adopts recommendations drafted
by treasury officials, and which, it is
understood tonight have been laid be-
fore Secretary Houston for approval.
Mr.. Houston, it was said, probably
will include such recommendations III
the form of an analysis OF the govern
ment's financial condition in his forth
coming annual report to congress. he
ANALYSIS will show, and accompanying
recommendations will suggest, 1t was
said, that a Swear program for tax
revision is required in order to meet
maturing government obligations and
cover current federal expenses, and
that the approximately $8,000,0 100000
in victory notes, war savings securl-
ties and treasury certificates of in
debtedness will be due for payment
within the next three years, treasury
figures show. Retention of the present
aggregate level of taxes, or malnte-
nance of the annual revenue OF the gov
eminent at about $4,000, 100000 then
is held to be unavoidable on the face
of average expenditures estimated for
the period.
Tax Revision Plans.
Recommendation to be made by
Mr.. Houston, it is understood, will
propose adjustment of the excess
profit taxes in their entirety and the
substitution therefor of gradual in
come tax OF substantially deeper cut
than under present revenue laws. 1t
was believed the new income taxes
would apply only to incomes above
$4,000 annually, and that provision
would be made for a graduated in
crease even on the additional tax as
the amount OF income grows larger.
The secretary is expected to advise
congress that the strictest economy in
federal operations is necessary if the
program outlined on the basis OF a
$4,000, 100000 tax bill is to be accom-
plished.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1920-11-16
BRITISH WOMEN OF SMART
SET ARE SMOKING PIPES
Use Briar Implements of Dainty APP
pearance and Elegant Proportions

Pipe makers declare that pipe smok-
ING has become the fad of small sec
ton of the smart set in London. The
women use briar pipes of dainty ap-
pearance and elegant proportions /,
A Young woman recently appeared
at a Queens Hall concert smoking. a
ieweled pipe. After finishing her smoke
The vonne woman coolly placed the
nipe in small case taken from her
handbag.
IT 1T IS A BILIOUS ATTACK.
Take three of Chamberlain's Tab
lets and quick recovery is certain.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1920-11-16
HEAVIEST WOMAN IN
THE WORLD IS DEAD
Lucy Moore, 668 Pounds, Had Many
Proposals of Marriage.

BRISTOL, England.-Lucy Moore,
reputed to be the heaviest woman in
the world, has died here. At. one time
she weighed 668 pounds.
Miss Moore was born in Kentucky
and had been in the show business for
many years. She travelled all over the
world, and was said to have received
many offers of marriage.