davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1920-07-04
"HE growth of the American
newspaper from the days of
the first printing press to
tho proeort TINA ia traced


newspaper from the days Of
the first printing press to
the present time is traced
in George Henry Payne's "History Of
journalism in the United States"
(Appleton). Newspapers were fairly
common, at least in the northern
colonies, even in the pre-Revoluton-
ary period. The path Of these early
editors was far from easy; they
seem to have been even more harassed
BY financial problems than their
modern successors. So certain Mr.
Keimer. who undertook to publish a
paper in Pennsylvania in 1928, com
plains bitterly that he had been
awakened when fast asleep in bed,
about II at night, overtired with the
labor Of the day, and taken away from
my dwelling, by writ and summons,
it being based and confidently given
out that / was that very night about
to run away, though there was not the
least color or ground for such a vile
report"
Freedom Of Press
In addition to the difficulty of Sc
curing and holding subscribers. the
colonial editor always ran the sisk Of
being clapped into prison by some
arbitrary governor. The principle Of
'reedom Of the press was fairly we'll
Established, however, in New York as
early as 1735, when the printer Will
lam Zenger was acquitted on the
charge of libel brought against him
t the instigation of Governor Cosby.
sturdy Samuel Adams and his "Bos-
ON Gazette" played notable part in
lrousing the spirit of the New Eng
anders for the struggle of the Revolu-
lion.
A Federalist administration made an
Il considered effort to limit freedom
f speech and the press by means of
he alien and sedition laws. It was
wept out Of Office on q wave OF popu-
ar indignation at the next election.
Editors we're then free to say pretty
much whatever they liked until the is
sue of slavery Became acute. Then it
o"came an act of genuine moral and
physical courage to publish an abo,i-
t.onist journal in many communities
Editors Handicapped in South
During the years which preceded the
Civil War the press advanced much
faster in the North than in the South.
The author offers the following expla-
nation of this fact:
American journalism, as it was to
develop, could not live where the duel
o was SO much in vogue as it was in
he South. Here and there editors of
extraordinary character might be
found, men who could write and shoot
with equal facility, but the usual in
sellectua! development produced no
such ambidexterity.
Even in the North journalism in the
'4os and SOS was not characterized by
overmuch amenity. A personal fight
between Colonel Webb, of "The Courier
and Enquirer" and Mr.. Bennett, found
er Of "The New York Herald" re-
ceived the following comment from
Benjamin H. Day in "The Sum:
Low as he has fallen, both in the
public estimation and in his own, we
are astonished to learn last evening
New-York tribune., 1920-07-04
EDNA FERBER author of "Half Portions" from the
presses of Doubleday Page e Co.

Hutton. Published by George H. Doran
Company. New York
group of short stories by we'll
known and popular novelist.
WINGS or THE WIND. BY Credo Harris.
Boston
novel Of romance and adventure.
NEXT BEsTERs By Lulah Ragsdale.
Published by Charles Scribner's Sons,
New York.
A lively tale, in which the scene
SHIFTS from Southern plantation to
New York, and back again.
OCEAN SHIPPING. BY Robert Edwards
pany. New York '0''''-
The fundamentals Of ship manage
ment and operation, including freight.
rates, labor problems, the offering and
manning of ships, foreign exchange,
marine insurance, etc.
THE NEW MERCHANT MARINE. BY
Edward n Hurley: Published by the
Century Company, New York.
The difficulties and problems of our
new merchant marine discussed by the
former chairman of the United States
Shipping Board.
DA%S 3ssS 9F 8 THH Kas " MISD By
James 4. Mecann s IL Company M uStSHs9 New York. ny
The work of Canadian physician
who attempts to demonstrate the real
ity of psychic phenomena. The book
includes twenty illustrations.
ARTIF1CIAL LIGHT BY NJ Lucxiesh
Published by the Century Company, New
York.
A discussion of the development of
artificial light and its influence upon
civilization,
Miscellaneous
THE WANDERER; Edited by Mary
Edith McAuley. Published by Boni &
Llyeright, New York
symposium OF views on wide
variety Of subjects expressed by many
individuals. The articles now pub
lished in book form originally ap-
peared in column entitled "The
Wanderer." which ran day by day in
THE Pittsburgh Dispatch"
DEMOCRACY AND IDEALS. BY John
Erskine Published by George H. Doran
Company. New York.
A discussion OF the problem of
Anne ricanism in its broadest sense
IF YOU DON'T WRITE FICTION BY
Charles Phelps Cushing. Published by
Robert H. Mcbride s. Co. New York.
Helpful hints for aspiring young
writer's.
oarrow -Green Published BY =. p. Du1-
ton & Co., New York.
An experienced sportsman's study of
neglected branch Of the art of
angling.
HELPING MEN OWN FARMS. By Ell
wood Mead. Published by the Macmii-
Ian Company. New York.
A practical study of the problem of
government aid in land settlement,
based partially upon the experiences Of
other countries.
PIC. THE WEAPON MAKER By
George Langford Published by Boni
& Liveright. New York.
A story of prehistoric days, when
primitive men battled with strange
monsters.
F2ANK HIGGINS: TRAIL BLAZER.
the 1nterchurch World Movement, New
York.
The story Of a two-fsted man, who
carried the message of religion into
the toughest lumber camps.
THE CHURCHES OF BELGIUM. By Will
frid Randolph. Published by E. p
Dutton & Company, New York
An illustrated study of these great
monuments Of religious architecture.
New-York tribune., 1920-07-04
Amefica-and "The A-B-C Of Correct
speech" by Florence Howe Hall.
Justice Holiness Papers

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, of the
United States Supreme Court, through
MS Judicial opinions, expressed always
with pungency and vgor, has placed
himself in the forefront Of the liberal
movement in America; and an unusual
interest therefore attaches to the first
collection Of his legal papers and ad-
dresses, which Harcourt, Brace & Howe
Will publish this month under the title
of COLLECTED Legal Papers"
New-York tribune., 1920-07-04

ture has superseded all others in stu
dent circles" "Ghosts I Have Seen"
Mrs. Tweedale's personal experiences
from childhood with occult phenomena,
was published last fall by Stokes.
New-York tribune., 1920-07-04

America because he is bred of it. be-
cause he feels its responses in himself.
because he is as intense and concen-
trated an expression of its genius as
its Titans.
New-York tribune., 1920-07-01
y. D. NOn Partisan
Ticket Disfnnced
Early Returns Show Reg
ular Republican Candi-
date Is Far in she Lead

FARGO. n. d, June 3o.-Indicatons
of a close contest for the Republican
gu ubernatorial nomination were evident
in first returns from to-day's state
wide primary election in North Dakota,
with chief interest centered on the
efforts of the Nonpartisan League to
continue in control Of Republican nom
inations.
While the first dozen precincts to re-
port gave William Langer, indorsed by
the Republican faction affiliated with
the old or regular" leaders, three
to ore lead over Governor Lynn j.
Frazier, the Nonpartisan League can
didate, these returns were from towns
where it was expected LANCER would
show his greatest strength.
When 40 scattered voting districts
out Of 2.Os4 in the state had reported,
all from cities and villages.
the vote was-Langer, 4,7ol; Frazier,
I, ,422
Interest centers also in the race for
the Republican nomination for United
States Senator. with A. J. Gronna, in
cumbent, the candidate of the LANCER
opposed by DR. +. F. Ladd,
president of the North Dakota Agricul-
tural College. who is the Nonpartisan
League candidate. and Colonel Frank
" White, former Governor, who is sup
ported by Service Mems committee.
New-York tribune., 1920-07-01
to Defy
Committee Ban
On Unit Rule
Continued from page ons)


CATION are ready for scrap over the
unit rule in open convention.
The anti-unit rule delegates will
doubtless vote solidly for Governor
Smith on the first ballot said Mayor
George R. Lunn of Schenectady. "un-
less Vice-Chairman Farley. Of the dele
cation makes it appear that be is
acting under the unit rule He will
be challenged on this very point. We
Will stand for Governor Smith, but
we Will not stand for the unit rule.
The Committee on Rules yesterday
sustained our contention that the unit
rule does not obtain in New York. If
our Tammany friends attempt to in
woke it we shall give them battle in
open convention. and we have no fear
OF the outcome
The anti Murphy men say there are
about twelve votes in the delegation
opposed to Tammany
Mayor John Fitzgibbons of Oswego.
who is here in an unofficial capacity.
was called home to-day by a telegram
saying that the Oswego city water
works had been greatly damaged by an
accident
New-York tribune., 1920-07-01

cations OH the wet and dry issue. and
an open fight will result if brvan n
makes good his threat and carries the
prohibit'on hight into the convention.
States that adopted the unit rule
have reported to the convention off.
Gals without exception that the rule
does not apply to the wet and drv is.
sue. The dry delegates refused to he
bound on that question. and nearly
every delegation Is split on the issue
ne New York delegation. outside of
Iammany; Will vote largely dry, and
tne ory leaders are predicting that
nearly e-half OF New York's ninety
votes Will be cast against the "moist,
plank that has been agreed upon ton
tatively. -
The convention will get the platform
tomorrow, unless some unforeseen,
hltch occurs, and the Administration
leaders are relying upon the steam
roller to carry the platform THROUGH
the full committee.
The wet and dry question and tho
League of Nations plank have caused
most of the delay in the platform
building. The league plank was dis
cus5ed for several hours last night. and
was not completed when the s,lb-com-
mlttee met again behin5l-closed doors
IN the Palace Hotel this morning.
Most of the members of the sub
committee have agreed that the league
plank should follow generally the lines
of the Virginia platform declaration,
hut the subcommittee had difficulty in
agreeing upon the actual phraseology.
The plank as tentatvely agreed upon.
IS told in the columns of The Tribune
yesterday morning, approves the course
OF President Wilson IN endeavoring to
secure League of Nations. criticises
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge. of Massa-
chusetts. chairman of the FOREIGN Re-
latlons Committee of the Senate, for
opposing the league covenant as pre.
septed by President Wilson, and asserts
that no reservations are needed to Ar
ticle X or any other provision of the
league covenant, since it is declared
the Constitution of the United States
affords sufficient protection to Ameri-
can institutions and policies.
Senators to Fight
Threats were made l~-iay by the
group of twenty-thrce Democratic Sena-
tors who voted for the ratification Of
the treaty with the Lodge reservations
on March 10 that they Will make a
fight against the reported plank in the
convention.
Senator Pomerene, of Ohio, one of
the group, declared at the meeting of
the full Resolutions Committee this
morning that if the reported plank is
presented he will fight it in the con-
vention.
Senator Pomerene urged the adop-
ton OF a plank pIedging the Democratic
party to harmonize the differences be-
tween the proponents and the oppo-
nents of President Wilson's League Of
Nations attitude
An acrimonious debate followed
Senator Pomerene's announcement. and
the doors Of the committee room were
locked and no one but members of the
committee were permitted 70 be pres
ent 1t was said after the committee
adjourned that the plank would meet
with strong opposition in the conven-
ton
Senator S A. CotiIlo, Of New York
offered the following as a plank to be
incorporated in the platform:
We express our profound support
for the rights and aspirations OF italy.
New-York tribune., 1920-07-01

ana we pledge that when American rep
resentatives to the Leasuc of Nations
are appointed they shall be instructed
r, 70 ald Italy IN solving the question of
flume and her whole Adriatic
problem" -
senator Cotillo's chief arguments be-
Iore tne committee were based on
great contribution she has rendered TO
world civilization. He emphasized the
tact that Italy without food and coal
performed feats that the world can
never FORGET
New-York tribune., 1920-07-01
Army Engineers and Police
Seek Wreck. Thought Trawler

The wreck reported IN The storm
Tuesday night b yradio by the Clyde
liner Huron is believed b. the marine
division of the Police Department to be
the hulk of steam trawler which sank
off Rosebank shore, Staten Island,
three months ago.
Coast guard cutters, police launches
and a tug carrying army engineers
from Rockaway went out to find and
remove the reported menace to navl-
New-York tribune., 1920-07-01
Houseboat Engineer browns

Arthur c. Payne, of Baltimore, engi-
neer on the houseboat Evergl
owned by Colonel Robert Nj. Thomp-
son, of 527 Fifth Avenue, was drowned
last night when he fell into the North
River between the boat and the pier at
Seventy-ninth Street Payne was
tWentV-three wears old
New-York tribune., 1920-07-01

80, delegations being controlled by
49, who are very practical III politics.
- ~ 30 - to extremes IN gratify-
~ erudees when X IS 10 their per-
soa@' soa lost rart. who would not be
.-sh .'..hes financially II they failed to
80 srv Federal patronage for their
ms~s;reS. a.
e. there is very little real expect
49,. that the so-called anti Nc Adoo
49, L;ns-ion vii stand firmly. Tam-
80, VS. really anxious Tor the unit
me-. me- 7, would have increased the
.s,rer of The New York leaders. Il
s5o~,d have thrown the solid ninety
~ sor = moist plank or against :
voles ,a,t lyber ~, firh+ : tasen 70
a. O. F:ao,. a.oor !. would have sent thoir
'nHrs.;o7 " ba,,l boma uri+ied for +ba
60 e.s sob- which x con,inr 70 elect a
ssS..or C;oysrror. Legisla.i5re and COn-
es,,...-.a s~ass1.en' =
s'T2s.''C,,- - 5or,;,ance o. The convention br
Voodrow Wilson was evidenced AGAIN
49, again today in the non3inatjne,
sad secondinr speeches. Ex- Governor
sbsile,be~cer O.. Nebraska said rjpht
~. r meeting .hat Wilson hjmselt
vss the logical nominee. but that fail
,-- -ha- Senator Gilbert n H}tchrorL
~ 1,-;.si 49,, - laa'3
sght.
John 5. Crosby. Of Hartford. Conn,
vno placed National Chairman Homer
trimmings IN nomination, required
close following to determine whether
he was rerom'neting Wilson or nomi-
rating Cumming TIE issue. in this
campaign. as he presented it, is
"whet&r America shall hold fast 70
.he sublime deals Of Woodrow VIII
sor and ire ior.cal candidate Is +ha
New-York tribune., 1920-07-01

d'date IN a convention in recent wears.
IN that 1t depended entirely for its
continuity on the constant repetition
OF song. The Palmer boosters sang
10 ,ne tune OF Glory. Glory Haleluiah, "
Fasmer. Palmer, Pennsylvania" re-
peated three times, and ending with
that grand old Keystone State" which
at slight distance. due TO some pecu-
harlty of the acoustics, sounded Ike
that grand old Penrose state"
Inc band IN the gallery accompanied
the crowd to this song, stopping once
or twice for minute only, and every
now and then getting out of time with
Jhe crowd on the floor. One of the
pennsylvania attaches produced a
trumpet cornet and mounting a chair
sought to lead the singers This was
the first demonstration to develop the
marching round the aisles Of the dele
cations.
In the parade were the standards of
Georgia. which was the first to start;
pennsylvania, District Of Columbia,
Illinois. Hawaii. Rhode Island, Maine,
Porto Rico and finally last in the pro-
cession Michigan, which Hoover carried
IN the primaries, but which is friendly
TO Palmer
One of the features of the parade was
a team consisting of Mrs. Edward
- - VI ilI4aNtt )Nid ana man
who declined to give his name, saying
his wife was in Europe. He carried
Mrs. Reiner on his shoulder. doing
all the while spectacular fox trot steps
lnterpolated by q whrl which would
so we'll on the vaudeville stage.
In his speech, Bigelow did not shy
away from the labor opposition to
Palmer.
Two Women Second Him
palmer deported from this land the
enemies of this government" Bigelow
said, "and purged labor of her most
radical members" He also referred to
Palmer as scattering the ranks of the
Reds and said he had "arraigned
against HIM the hosts of evil" His
enemies are the enemies of our govern
ment,' was another sentence
Henry T. Rainey, of Illinois. sur
prised some OF the delegates in his sec
onding speech for Palmer, when he
said Palmer's private life was pure
and clean" wonder being expressed as
to whether this was backhanded slap
at some Of the aspirants for the nomi-
ne-lan
Mrs. T =. C,tnam. Of Arkansas. said
in her seco~~jng speech for Palmer
ths, re I'd Ia, he believes right
without fea 8vor' Miss Georgia
c. Orrsbs 'nded Palmer's nom
Ination.
New-York tribune., 1920-07-01
cneeches All
Show Wilson
Domination

sCcr.inued from page one>
New-York tribune., 1920-07-01
23 Senators
Fight Wilson
Treaty Plank

(Contlnued from page onc)
Arizona republican., 1920-01-29

people. Empress Eugenia was on tn, throne of France then and she was among their guests. So was Queer Victoria of England and the late King Edward, then Prince of Wales.
 Although the wife of Count Magrt for more than thirty years. the fam ous little woman always made Tom Thumb the hero of he reminiscenses and usually preferred to be known in public as Mrs. Tom Thumb Prob ably her most prized possessions was the gold Masonic emblem which had belonged to the General" She wore it on a chain about her neck and from the day of his death it was never away from her a moment. When people remarked upon her devotion to his memory she explained that their mar riage was a real love match and that little people have as large capacity for affection those of normal size. She and Count Magri were singularly happy together. also. A couple of years ago a visitor asked her the secret of her successful 'management Of two husbands. She laughingly re- piled: Don't argue with him. Let him have his own way. but win him to your way when he doesn't know it"
Arizona republican., 1920-01-29
MAIN PURPOSE
 TO EMPHASIZE

that she was 9 Colonial Dame and 2 D. 4. R. by inheritance. one raight say. She was married to Tom Thumb in 1862 and tie two were inseparable companions until his death in 1eS3 Two years after her bereavement she became the wife of Count Preine Mag ri, a dwarf born in Italy, but who be- came American citizen soon after their marriage. With him and his brother, Baron Ernest Magri, she toured the country several times with theatrical companies, their last trip as showpeople being in 1912.
 With the exception of herself and her sister, Minnie. Mrs. Tom Thumb s famiiy were anything but dwarfs. Two of her brothers were more than six feet tall and heavy in proportion. She was less than three feet tall and never weighed more than sixty five pounds. But her mentality was equal to that of other persons, regardless of size. She took keen interest in all public questions, including suffrage, and was an interesting conversation alist in four languages. As an example of the way she kept abreast of the times, she learned to ride a bicycle in 1896, when the wheeling craze was at it's height.
 Her chief delight. however, in her declining years was to entertain guests who came to visit her as friends and
 
 that she ever objected to being viewed as curiosity at the proper time and place. But that. she held, was not in the privacy Of her home. With such guests she would spend hours recount ing her travels and experiences and handling and commentir on the thou sands of souvenirs with which her home was filled. These included gifts from virtually every ruler in Europe between 1864 and 1850 and personal mementoes of every American presf- dent from Lincoln down to Wilson.
 On their first tour of Europe the 'GeneraF' and Mrs. Tom Thumb were feted by royalty in every capital--all of which, of course. was turned to good advertising account by their ir- repressible manager, Barnum In the matter of presentations the order was reversed and it was the dwarfs who received and kings and queens and princes passed in line and paused to shake hands just like the common
Arizona republican., 1920-01-29
DANIELS TO SPEAK

NEW YORK. Jan. 27.-Secretary of the Navy Daniels. it was announced tonight, has been added to list of speakers who have accepted invita- tions for the testimonial dinner to Homer :. Cummings, chairman of the democratic national committee. to be given here February ,. under the aus pices of the National Democratic club. A revised list of speakers did not in clude Governor Edward l. Edwards of New Jersey, as had been previously announced. His name appears among the acceptances as guests of honor. together with Joseph F. Tumulty. As sistant Secretary of the Navy Roose- welt, Norman F.. Mack, national conn mitteeman from New York, and Charles F. Murphy. leader of Tammany hall
Arizona republican., 1920-01-29

ever since the human race began and
 many of them have exhibited them
 selves or been exhibited to the curious
 for pay. Some have achieved a cer-
 tain fame. but none before nor since
 has compared with the record of Mir
 and Mrs. Tom Thumb. Heralded in
 typical Barnum fashion and most of
 the time under his personal escort they toured Europe. met virtually ev- erybody from royalty down, went around the world in blaze of glory and delighted the children and enter tained grownups in every corner Of their native Tinted States. Their name became household word and their photographs are still to be found in half the old-time scrapbooks in the country. On one, tour alone. Mrs. Tom Thumb and her husband and her sis ter, Minnie Warren. and her husband. Commodore. George Washington Morrison Mutt, travelled 5S,lSl miles and gave N.A-1A enoerSaArrnents ln Ss1 cAtles and towns.
 ] Mrs. Tom Thumb was born Layinia Merry Bump af Havenf0wn Mass. October 31, IS41- Her mothers family for whom the town was named, wasI directly descended from Richard War 1 ren, who came over in the Mayflower.l She ~as exceedinxty proud of the fscts
Arizona republican., 1920-01-29
Sponsor of First School Outlines P TO gr "a m Held In New Hamp- shire College Last Summer

DURHAM, x. H.-On the strength of the complete success attending the first citizenship school established at New Hampshire college. Durham. last July. suffrage states throughout fne union are preparing to hold citzenship schools in the coming summer, with the cooperation of state colleges. Less than d year ago the first school was a matter of timid experimenting by three pioneering women. Bib east ern papers sent reporters to the open ing session to scoff-the reporters went back to write of the school as instigating new era. politically, O. transcendant importance
 Mrs. Mary l. Wood of Portsmouth. previously state chairman of the wo mans committee. Council of National Defense and state home economies di rector. in whose mind the idea first became tangible, presided over these sessions. Sketching the growth of the plan. Mrs. Wood says:
 Co operation of College
 'The idea sprung into existence one Friday evening when Miss Martha k. kimball, president of the New Hamp- shire Equal Suffrage association, Miss Edna Wright, organizer of that asso citation, and myself were discussing citizenship courses for the various To- cal suffrage leagues The suggestion seemed so good we determined to con- suit President Hetzel of New Hamp- shire college about the feasibility of such d school and the possibility of holding it at Durham"
 President Hetzel at once saw the value of the plan and co-operated with its sponsors to. crystalize it into a def mite program. with the result that the first citizenship school was held at New Hampshire college from July 70 F, 1919-the first time according to suffrage leaders, in the history of the world that state college co-operated with the women of state in such an undertaking.
 Purpose of School
 The purpose of the school says Mrs. Wood. twas to show the relation of politics to the home and family"
 Mrs. Nancy Schoonmaker. executive