davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
Eighteen Contestants
in.Declamatory Contest

The annual o. H. Taralseth Declam-
atory Contest will be held at the High
School Auditorium on Tuesday and
Wednesday evenings, Jan. 20 and Dist.
Eighteen students will participate i'll
the contest this year and the keen
rivalry for the honors will undoubtedly
bring forth excellent declamatory tai
ent. Owing to the large number of con-
testants it has been necessary to divide
the program, giving half of the numbers
each evening. The winners will be an
nounced at the close of the Wednesday
evening program.
J., No admission will be charged and
everybody is invited to attend. Pro
grams start at 80 o'clock sharp.
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
First National Holds
Annual Meeting

The stockholders of the First Nation
al Bank of Warren held their annual
meeting yesterday and as a result the
old officers were reelected for the en-
suing year, they being as follows n. L.
Wood, President; c.. A. Tullar, Vice
President; R. E.. Thomas, Cashier; and
9. f. Pihlstrom, Assistant Cashier.
The following gentlemen constitute the
Board Of Directors: W. F. Powell, C. A.
Tullar, G. L. Spaulding, a. M. Swanson,
A. N. Eckstrom, Fl. L. Wood and r. E.
Thomas.
. : The past year has ben one Of the
biggest years in the history Of the in
stitution.
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
School Officers to
Meet Here Jan. 80

An official call has been sent out by
David johnson, County Superintendent
Of Schools Of Marshall County, to III
school officers, requesting them to meet
at the Warren High School Auditorium
on Friday, January 30th, for the pur-
pose of comforting with the County
Superintendent and the State Depart
ment of Education on matters pertain
ing to the schools of the county and the
duties of the members of the School
Boards of the various school districts.
The program follows: -
10 100 a. Organization, roll call,
announcements. -. - ..#....~..
1915 a. M -'aThe Business Side OF
Education, c.. C. Swain, State Inspec-
tor Of Rural Schools. :
IL 100 a. m.-General discussion and
conference with the County Superin-
tendent of Schools.
1 80 p. m.-Rolf call.
Las p. Physical Training and
Hygiene" DR.. 81. w. Hill, Minnesota
Public Health Association.
2: 80 p. m.-General discussion.
8 90 p. m-""The Supply of Teachers
and the Salary. Question G. G. Swain.
3 AS p. Discussion and confer,
ence led by Mr.. Swain. ~
: This is essentially business meeting
and is so planned that it is necessary
for school officers to attend during the
entire session. They are requested tc
be at the High School building prompt.
~ on time to answer to roll call at ten
O'Clock.
To defray expenses, school officers are
entitled to three dollars with five cents
per mile in going to and returning from
the meeting. The expenses to be paid
by the home districts Of the school Off
GERS. Certificates of attendance will be
issued by the superintendent.
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
High School Boys
Win But Girls Lose
Boys Win From East Grand Forks By
the Overwhelming Score of
48 to 6.

The local high school basket ball sea-
son was opened last Saturday when
both the girls and boys hoop tossers
met the quints representing East Grand
Forks.
The girls game was called first and
proved to be very interesting from the
start. The first half ended 8 to in
favor Of East Grand Forks. The final
ending was East Grand Forks 13, War
rem 10. The Warren girls were as fol-
lows: Clara Halvorson, rf; Inez John
son, If; Ethel Johnson, c; Esther
Hilleboe, rg; Hilma Skoog, lg; and Mae
Nelson and Miss Olson substitutes.
The boys game proved to be just the
opposite Of that played by the girls.
From the sounding of the whistle at
the beginning of the game to the end,
Warren had everything its own way.
Otto Edwardh made the first count and
he continued to place the ball through
the iron hoops just about as often as
he wanted to. Swandby was a very
active running mate to Otto and be-
tween the two and the rest of the quint.
some very good team work was given
the spectators. Quistgard, who is the
captain of the local five, and Billy
Dixon, showed some of the old spirit
at guards. By the close guarding of
these men East Grand Forks was kept
from making a field basket in the
entire game. -.. -y.,z-,, $50. ). = -.
The first half ended, Warren p, East
Grand Forks 3, and the game resulted.
Warren 4S. East Grand Forks g.
The line up is as follows Quistgard
and Dixon, guards: Edwardh and
Swandby, forwards, and Oscar Knut-
son, center. Halvorson and A. Melgartl
were substituted in the last half
! The schedule for the remaining
games as far as is known, is as follows
Jan. 17-Crookston Aggies at Crooks.
ton. 90. g.
Jan. 233-Argyle at Argyle. - .. 80
[ Jan. 30-Stephen at Warren -.
Feb. 6-Thief River Falls at Thief
River Falls: !: -. r. zIs,xssgrr i. .
~ Feb. 13-Argyle at Warren.
Feb. 21-Stephen at Stephen.
| Feb. 2S-HallOck. -~.:s,t- ..-.
! March 6-Thief River Falls at War
ren. ~..-:
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
PROF. SJOSTRAND GIVEN
/. PLEASANT SURPRISE.

A pleasant surprise was rendered
Prof. and Mrs. c. Fl Sjostrand at the
Swedish Lutheran church parlors by
members of the church and friends,
last Friday evening" Prof Sjostrand
has for number of years been super
intendent Of the Sunday school and it
was to show an appreciation Of this
work that this gathering had been ar
ranged. The pastor, Rev. S. w. Sven.
son, had charge Of. the program and
after the devotional and song by the
choir, he presented the guest Of honor
with a sum of money. Prof. Sjostrand
although agreeably surprised respond
ed, thanking them all for the gift
After a song by the congregation a so.
cial hour was spent =
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
State Bank Of Warren
Reflects Old Officers

The annual meeting 1T the State
Bank Of Warren was held at the bank
ing rooms Tuesday when the same
Board Of Directors and Officers were
reelected, they l'ein: as follows: Board
Of Directors-O. H. Taralseth. r. 3.
Taralseth, A. Grindeland, G. A. Nelson
and H. L. Melgaard Officers O. n.
Taralseth, President: II. L. Melgaar:l,
Vice President; c. A. Nelson, Cashier :
and G. q. Knutson, Assistant Cashier.
They report very substantial in
crease in business during the past year.
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
SHEAF EDITOR WRITES FROM TEXAS

Oklahoma as well as in Texas the oil
industry is very important The crude
petroleum is pumped up or gushes to
the surface from hundreds of wells in
the oil districts.
AT Houston, Texas, where we ar
rived on the morning Of Dec 81, we
left our train temporarily and boarded
electric cars for delightful side trip
to Galveston, Texas, 40 miles from
Houston. No touch of winter ever
reaches Galveston, it seems, as here, on
the last day Of the year, oleanders and
other flowers were blooming outdoors
In great profusion and lawns were
green as in summer with us. Many Of
our party took bath in the salt sea
water Of the gulf the last day in
December did not complain of it
being cold. A boat ride on Galveston
bay was provided for our enjoyment by
the w. E. Stewart Land Company On
this trip the Importance Of Galveston
as port Of entry was apparent. It
has IL miles of improved dock front
age and many foreign ships were seen
in the harbor. Later we had big
dinner at Hotel Galvez, a million dol
lar structure, facing the great sea wall
that has been erected to protect the
city against destruction by the angry
waves of the gulf. After dinner, Mr.
Cornwall, sales manager of the COM
pany, gave an address in which we
were told about some Of the glories of
the Rio Grande Valley, the Land Of
Promise, toward which we were travel
ling and would reach the following day,
Jan. /, 1920. The electric cars We're
boarded again for the return trip to
Houston, where we arrived at sun down
and resumed the journey in our special
train to the Rio Grande Valley, still 800
miles farther away Will tell in an
other letter about some of the things
seen in this wonderland, which by
means Of irrigation is being transform
ed from a dreary desert to a veritable
Garden of Eden.
NT
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14

One Of the most important events in
the annals OF the Warren Lodge No. III,
Knights Of Pythias, will be held at their
lodge rooms In this city on Wednesday
evening, Jan. 2S, when class Of 35
candidates will receive the lessons Of
the order. The class will be one Of the
Rathbone Bible Glasses, the original
bible Of the founder of the order, Justus
Henry Rathbone, being used in the cere-
mony. This bible has been used in a
large number Of classes in all portions
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
Mercedes, Texas. Jan. 2, 10.

Mercedes, Texas, Jan. 2, 1920.
Ye editor, together with 173 other
people who were guests Of the w. E..
Stewart Land Company, left Mime
apOlls in four Pullman sleeping cars on
Sunday evening, Dec. %, bound for the
lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas for
the purpose Of inspecting the large
tract of irrigated lands owned by the
company In said valley. At Kansas
City, Mo-, five more Pullman cars filed
with excursionists joined our party, at
Dallas, Texas, another car, and still one
more at Houston, so that the entire
party finally numbered 325 people, ga
thered mostly from the northern.
middle and western states.
The entire trip Of over 1000 miles
was very interesting and a revelation to
most of US, who had never before visit
ed the South in the winter time. The
change in climate, vegetation and agri-
cultural products as the train proceed
ed southwark was very noticeable. Yet
mantle of snow covered the ground
nearly as far south as Kansas City,
Missouri In Iowa and Missouri as
we'll as the southeastern corner Of Kan
sas which we passed thru, corn seemed
to be the principal crop and large num-
bers of cattle and mules were tramping
in the snow and feeding on the corn
stalks left standing in the fields. There
were also pigs galore in the farm yards.
As we entered Oklahoma cotton fields
became numerous and increased as we
got farther and further south in Texas.
Whole families Of negroes were busy in
many fields picking the cotton and at
the stations farmers were seen hauling
cotton to the gin and marketing the
same, just like the Red River Valley
farmer hauls wheat to the elevator.
While the northern farmer is busy
raising products with which to feed the
world, many southern farmers are just
as busy raising an agricultural product
that furnishes most Of the clothing for
the human race. But the industries of
most states are greatly varied. In
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
Peterson johnson Nuptials.

Miss Alma Olga Peterson, daughter
OF Mrs. Inga Peterson near Angus, and
Anton T. Johnson, son Of M. o. John
son Of Alvarado, were united in mar
riage Sunday morning, Jan. II, at nine
O'Clock, at Our Saviour's Lutheran par
sOnage by Rev. A. T. Tollevs.
The bride was attended by Miss
Martha Johnson, while Robert Hanson
acted as groomsman.
The bride is an esteemed young lady
who has grown up to womanhood in
this community and is highly respected
by large circle of friends. The groom
is an energetic and reputable young
man, being carpenter by trade, and is
well liked and respected.
The happy couple left on a wedding
trip to Winnipeg, Canada. They will
go to housekeeping on farm near Wat
son, Sask.
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
Ten Potato Growers
Can Send Delegate

Credential forms for representation
at the organization meeting of the pro-
posed Potato Growers Exchange, to be
held at Little Falls, January 26 and q,
can be obtained upon application to
County Agents. Two forms are provid-
ed. The first is for the use Of estab-
lished shipping associations; the sec
ond for groups or communities OF po-
tato growers which have no organiza-
tions. Ten potato growers may sign
credential statement for delegate,
who thus will be empowered to appear
before the credentials committee at the
Little Falls meeting. Delegates will not
be required to pledge their organiza-
tions or communities to any action
taken at Little Falls
Y~
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
Roosevelt Memorial
Fund Contributions

The following are the contributions
made by the townships, cities and vii
lagos Of Marshall county to the Roose-
velt Memorial Fund, according to a re-
port made by H. L. Melgaard, Of Argyle.
County Chairman Of the Roosevelt
Memorial Fund: T Z
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14

Of the United States in the Knights of
Pythias order and is one OF its most
precious relics.
Many. Of the prominent officials OF
the order will be present at this event,
including F. e. Wheaton, supreme keep
er Of records and seals. OF the organiza
ton, and others. After the ceremony an
elaborate banquet will be held.
Warren Lodge No. III was organized
on May q, 1903, and at the present
time has membership-of SO members.
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
Marsh Grove Pioneer Dead.

Peder Kristian Green, an old pioneer
OF Marsh Grove, passed away to his
reward at his home in Newfolden Fri
day, Jan. End.
Mr.. Green will long be remembered
as a kind neighbor and a good citizen,
who faithfully led righteous life
Those who remain to mourn the loss
Of a loving father are three sons, name ne
", Carl, Olaf and Olger, and TWO
daughters, Mrs. Ralph Tandberg, OF
Marsh Grove, and Agnes, Of NeWfolden.
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14

P. F. Benson, Of Stephen, passed
through Warren this morning on his
way home from Newfolden where he
attended the annual meeting Of the
Marshall County Skandinaviske Mutual
Fire Insurance Co. Mr.. Benson reports
that the resolution to permit people Of
all nati0nalities to become members Of
the company, which was voted on at
the meeting, failed to pass as a large
number were opposed to its adoption
and voted against the proposition:
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14

Read the official proceedings OF the
annual meeting Of the County Board
published on page two Of this issue OF
the Sheaf.
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14

DR.. and Mrs. G. A. Gunnarson ar
rived last week from Minneapolis,
where they were married on Dec. 3Oth.
They will make their home in this city
and will reside in the fine residence on
Mckinley Avenue near the Washington
school, purchased by DR.. Gunnarson
last fall.
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14

Mr.. and Mrs. 81. i. Wood leave this
evening for trip to Longmont, Colo,
and other points in the west.
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14
Gone to Her Reward.

Miss Inga Heddan, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Andrew ~Heddan, of Bis
Woods, died Sunday evening, Jan. 4th
after painful illness of seven day:
from brain fever.
Deceased was q years, 10 month.
and 10 days of age. She is mourned BY
her parents, five brothers and three
sisters.
The funeral was conducted Wednes
day afternoon and the remains wer'
laid to rest in the Big Woods cemetery
On another page of this issue Of tn
Sheaf will be found a very mterestin:
report Of the work undertaken by tn
Marshall County Farm Bureau.
Warren sheaf., 1920-01-14

Subscribe for the warren sheaf.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1920-10-09
PROGRAM READY
FOR CONVENTION
Of n. NJ. BAP T|STS
Three Day Session to Open
At Roswell Tuesdays;
Many Matters Demand
ing Action.

Large attendance is expected at
the state convention OF New Mex
leo Baptists which opens at Ros-
well Tuesday. October II. and con-
tinues until Thursday night. The
program, as prepared by COM
mittee recently appointed by the
president of the state association
indicates that many important
matters are to be considered dur
ing the three days of the COnVen-
ton. Entertainment features are
not included in the program, these
being in charge Of the citizens and
the Chamber of Commerce of ROS-
well.
Following is the program:
Tuesday Morning,
1000. Convention called To or
der by president, DR.. Buren, Sparks,
and devotional services led by one
appointed.
1915, Enrolment Of mcssen-
gers and organization.
1890. Introduction Of visitors
and greetings from fraternal mes
sengers.
1O:4O. Welcome address and
response.
HOO. Annual sermon by Rev.
G.. E. Kennedy.
Tuesday Afternoon.
Women will hold separate meet
ing Tuesday afternoon.
200. Devotional service.
2:l0. Liquor traffic,
2:20. old ministers relief and
annuity.
ESQ. Laymcns work.
$50. Hospitals,
Tuesday Nl-ht.
1900. Dt.ptiOual service.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1920-10-09
FELT TAGGED,
NO ACCOUNT
Result of Indigestion, Head
ache and Other Troubles:
This Tennessee Lady Took
Black Draught and Found
Relief.

Flintville, Tenn.-Mrs. Addie
Sanders, of this place, says: Il
suffered from constipation a long
time. This, of course, brought on
sour stomach, Indigestion and
headaches. | felt tagged and no
account.
II started in taking Black
Draught. l found it was helping
me. continue to use it, and have
for years. / don't know how to
start to praise Thedford's Black
Draught.
To-day | am regular, no more
constipation. headaches or indi-
gcstion. In fact. all | eat tastes
sweet and good to me since
my liver is cleansed by the use of
ck-Draught.
Il am well and proud to make
this statement of what Black
Draught has done for me-
Constipation often leads to seri-
GUS disorders among those who do
not understand its dangers. or who
neglect 10 treat it without delay.
Thedford's Black Draught is a
medicine that every person should
keep in the house, and use at the
least sign of constipation. or torpid
liver
Thedford's Black-Draught liver
medicine is right.
Ask your druggist. He has 1t.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1920-10-09
4 ARE INDICTED
UNDER MANN ACT
BY GRAND JURY


Santa Fe, oct. S.-After intensive
sessions lasting four days. the fed
eral grand jury turned in true bills
in thirty-nine cases and five no true
bills. In the entire list of true bills
there are only two for violations Of
the prohibition laws. this being ac-
counted for by the number of pleas
of guilty accepted in the past week
by Judge Colin j. Neblett for in
fractions of these laws.
There were four indictments for
the interstate transportation of
women for immoral purposes three
two for perjury four indictments
arising from the change of a note
from 81 to 500, nine for thefts Of
various kinds. one for sending an oh
scene letter one for impersonating
an official of the war department.,
one for importing aliens without
immigration inspection, and one
against a former deputy internal
revenue officer for accepting a
compromise payment,
Mann Act Charges.
Charles II. John is charged with
having transported Teresa Nyland
from Hammond, Ind, to Carlsbad;
Juan r. G del Vale with having
transported Conception Romero
from MilanO, Texas, to Clovis;
David del Vale with transporting
Teresa Romero between the same
towns, and Rufugio Hernandez
with transportation of Romero
BritO de Gallegos from lsleta to
Winslow.
Jose Dolores Olguin and Regime
Gonzales were indicted for the al
legged changing of note from So
to $40, and Nieves Duran and OIL
gum for the alleged attempt to pass
the raised note. J. S. Jabine, form
cr deputy revenue collector is al
legged to have taken 1925 which was
given as a compromise settlement.
James O'Malley, Frank Beckam
and Edward Richer were indicted
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1920-10-09
HELD WARRANT FOR
FRANCISCO VILLA:
HE STILL HAS 1T

With warrant for Francisco
Villa on the charge of murder,
Ray Grayson, deputy sheriff Of
Grant county. arrived here yes
terdaY, returning from an Of
fetal trip to California. The
warrant is old and worn, haV-
ing been issued April %, 1915,
following the raid of the now
retired Mexican bandit on Co
lumbus Villa was invited TO
attend the fair at FL Paso, Mr..
Graysun said, but declined with
thanks, The warrant is still
good.
Mr. Grayson carries the gun
with which Villa is said to have
killed an American miner, Ben
ton, several years ago. TIL"
gun is an old 45 Colts revolver
with pearl handle and is gold
plated. The name "FranCiscO
Villa" is cut ON the butt Of the
revolver 1t was presented to
villa in 1912 by FL paso bust
ness men, was later borrow
ed" by one of \llia's trienuS,
and eventually reached Mr..
Grayson
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1920-10-09


Department of the Interior, U. s. Land
Office at Santa Fe. New Mexico, Sept
80, 1920.
Notice is hereby given that Juan De
Dios Serna, OF Albuquerque, New Mexico,
who, on November 2, 1916. and April l,
1918, made homestead entries, Nos
O2S457 and oS5544. for VIZ Ell sen
VIZ, Wa SEX sWA SWA NEA SwA
VIZ sWh and Ma NEk sWA. sen
MEX SWA, Els EN- SEA SWh
Section 81. Township, 8. North
Range East n. NJ. P. Meridian
has filed notice Of Intention to make
three homestead proof. to establish
claim to the land above described, before
United States Commissioner at Albuquer.
que, Bernalillo county. New Mexico. on
November 9, 1920
Claimant names as witnesses: Antonio
Garcia. Of Tijeras, New Mexico; Luis
Garcia Y. Garcia, OF Tijeras, New Mex.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1920-10-09
ARIZONA LOOKS
GOOD SAYS WELLS

Trimble T. Wells, who is the
travelling salesman for "Heinzs 81
Varieties" has just returned to the
city after n six weeks trip to the
towns of western New Mexico and
Arizona. He found everybody
talking politics and the league Of
nations" but would not ventur
an opinion as to which party would
win in the sections he visited. Tie
found the merchants, farmers ami
ranchmen in prosperous condi-
ton; sheep and cattle fat and read
for the winter months, and the pe"-
pie anxious to see the election over
so they can hear and talk some
thing else besides politics
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1920-10-09
LEGAL NOTICES
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION

NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
Department OF the Interior, U. S. Land
Office at Santa Fe. N. NJ. October /.
1920
Notice is hereby given that Francisco
Monies, of San Pedro n. M, who made
small holding claim 5152, serial number
O3s299 for tract in section "a, township
IL N, range E., N. NJ. p. meridian, has
filed notice Of intention to make final
proof to establish claim to the land
above described. before United States
Commissioner, at Albuquerque, Berna-
lillo county N. NJ, on the 10th day Of
November. 1920.
Claimant names as witnesses:
Pillar Truiillo, LEONARDO Trujillo. Dario
Gutierrez. Luis Otero, all Of Tijeras. N.
NJ.
FRANCISCO DELGADO,, Register.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1920-10-09
NOTICE FOB PUBLICATION.

Department of the Interior, U. s. Lant
Office at Santa Fe, N. a.. Sept. as.
1920.
Notice Is hereby given that Teodosio
Chavez. Of veguits, N. NJ, who on Jar"-
ary Q, 1909. made homestead entry, NO.
0S141. for VIZ SWh; sWA NWh sec
tion Is. township On. range 3W, N. NJ. P.
meridian has filed notice OF intention to
make five year proof. to establish claim
to the land above described, before
United States commissioner. at Albuquer-
que. Bernalills county. N. NJ, on the 9Th
day Of November, 1890.
Claimant names as witnesses: Silver
tire Gabaldon. of San Rafael, N. NJ; jose
Leon Dominguez. Of San Rafael. NJ NJ.
TRANCIsCO DELGADo.
Raeistar
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1920-10-09
leo; Adolfo Griego. OF Tijeras. New Mex
leo; Romolo Gonzalez, of Tijeras. New
Mexico.
FRANCISCO DELGADo. Register
4-34Sb
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.

Department OF the Interior, u s. Land
Office, at Santa Fe, New Mexico, Sep
TENDER Is, 1920.
Notice Is hereby given that James Fl.
Lynch, Of Albuquerque. N. M, on July
II. 1917. made homestead entry. No.
O33211 for NWk NWA, NEk NWk.
.SWh NWA. Section /, Township 10
north, Range east, N. NJ. p. Meridian,
has filed notice of Intention to make
three year proof. to establish claim to
the land above described, before United
states Commissioner. at Albuquerque,
Bernalillo county. New Mexico. on No.
vember Q, 1920.
Claimant names as witnesses: Henry
Ennis, Of Barton, N. NJ; Claud King. Of
Barton. N M: Harley Moude. OF Bar
ton. N. M; Henry P. Lynch. Of Barton,
N. N.
FRANCISCO DELGADo. Register. a
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1920-10-09
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
THANK RAYNOLDS FOR
HIS GIFT TO SCHOOL.

Resolutions thanking Joshua
Raynolds for the $1,000 gift to the
home economies department of the
University of New Mexico were
adopted by the student body in as
semblv at Rodey hall Friday morn
ing, at which Mrs. Gertrude Martin,
secretary of the Association of Col
Iege Alumni of America, was the
principal speaker.