davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
COURT JURORS DRAWN

They Will Serve at the November
Term, District Tribunal In Mankato.
+, Clerk of Court Krost, Sheriff Osten
and Justice of the Peace Ben Wiberg
Of Lake Crystal yesterday morning
drew the grand and petit jury list for
the November term OF the district
court. The members of the petit jury
are called for November Is, at ten
o'clock, and the members OF the grand
jury for November 10, at ten o'clock.
The list Of Jurors drawn are as fol-
lows:
Grand jurors. November 10. at IL A.
NJ:
I. N. Southwicl. Medic; H. r. Crook,
Shelby; Ed Schmitt, Lime; Walter Mac.
beth. LeRay: Charles II. Johnson. De-
William Schmidt. Mcpherson; @, C..
Cornish. Vernon Center, Village; Johp
II. Holman. third ward. Mankato;
Charles H. Mohr. fourth ward, Mankato:
fourth ward. Mankato: William REEVE,
Pleasant Mound: Judd Cornell. Mapleton
Village; Charles o. Hoeh. sixth ward,
Mankato: William Bruss. Good Thunder.
William Lyons. Madison Lake: Charles
9. Davis, Lake Crystal: Edward Miller,
A NJ. Klages. second ward, -Mankato,
Joe Thro. third ward Mankato; Lewis
Wenner, Mankato township.
Petit Jurors, November Is, at 10 A. M:
Charlesc Reedstrom. Rapidan; Hugh
A. Jones, Judson; G.. F. .Schwieder, Shell
by; Frank Pestke. McPherson; Charles
Loeffler. LeRay: Fred Nitzkows<i, ST..
second ward. Mankato; George Morse
LeRay; Vincent Sieberg. LeRays A. J.
Nelson, fifth ward, Mankato: Evan v.
Jones, Judson; II. Eckerholm. first ward.
Mankato; NJ. L. Neary, Medo; Arthur D.
Whitman. fourth ward, Mankato. Frank
Schwan. Vernon Center Village; Jas. M.
ksrmany. fifth ward. Mankato; Geo.
John. Garden City; John Goethe Decoria;
William w Wigley. fifth ward, Mankato;
William Briceland. Vernon Center Town
chip; William Boyer. Danville; Herman
Frank. LeRay; Leo Heidwinkel. first
ward, Mankato: Ed Krahnke, first ward.
Mankato; A. L. Miller. fifth ward. Man
kato; John d. Taylor. Rapidan: Joe NJ.
Huettl. second ward. Mankato; b. f
Webster third ward. Mankato: Edward
Thorstad. Butternut Valley: John Cords
St. Clair: Herman Proechel Mcpherson;
Roy Peterson. Lincoln; Chester Hanson,
fourth ward Menkato: Charles e. Whit
ney. Mapleton Township: Joseph Kern:
Mankato Township: William Mountain
Lyra.
Alvin Grieger. Lillian Gabriel and
Agnes Radke of Mankato spent Sun.
day at the home of Mrs. Henry Radke
at Mapleton and William Urban at
Minnesota Lake.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
HISTORY OF BIG EAGLE
INDIAN PLAYED PART IN
EARLY MINNESOTA
Sioux Chief Released After Deny
ing Part In Massacre
Of Sioux
ASSOCIATED Press Dispatch

St. Paul, Mimi, October lS.--The
war department order releasing
Jerome Big Eagle" an Indian who
fought in the battles at the time or
the New Ulm massacre, with other
interesting papers has beNh receiv-
ed as gilt by the Minnesota His
torical Society, st. Paul Mimi, and
Daniel Big Eagle, nephew OF Big
Eagle or Wamditonka.
Wamditonka was chief or one
of the bands of Sioux at the time of
the Indian uprising in 1852. He was
the son Of the Chief Grey Iron and
grandson Of Black Dog, chief of
the four mile village, Black Dog
village, near the mouth of the st.
Peter or Minnesota river. This viii
what Is now Mendoza, and flourish
ed in the early days of Fort Smell
ing.
Big Eagle or ,Wamditonka took
some part in the Sioux outbreak in
1862 but claimed to have taken no
hand In the massacres Of the white.
However, he was sentenced to serve
a term in the Davenport, iowa prt-
son, for several years, but after two
years was released upon order of
president, through the department
Of war.
Denied Murder Charges
Wamditonka never was recogniz-
ed as a chief by the government.
but was classed as such among his
own followers. having q band Of In
dams under his own command. In
bis own story Of the New Ulm tight,
had killed and wounded many peo-
pie during battle. but that he new
er took part In the massacre and
that he never murdered a white.
He took his imprisonment seriously,
and said that he would not have
surrendered to the whites. II he had
not been given assurance that he
would have been given q very light
sentence. He served two years In
the Davenport prison.
Among the papers received by the
society Is statement given by
Mayor Laurence Taliaferro to "Wah
ma de tunk," Chief of the River st.
Peters, on the twenty fourth day of
June, 1888, just as he and his band
were starting on a hunt on the Des
Moines. The statement bears tes-
timony to the personal intent of
these Indians and their determine
ton to no longer fight with the Sabs
and Foxes. Major Taliaferro was
Indian agent Fort Leavenworth.
who brought the first troops to the
fort. He was veteran Of theg war
Of 1912. -
: Several Of the other papers re-
ceived are statements Of a similar
notice issued to "MahEah heb tab"
or Grey Iron by Major Taliaferro
and Henry "A. Sibley.
The papers and documents which
have been in the hands OF Indians
for these many years, are in perfect
condition and show no sign OF age.
They were remarkably we'll kept,
considering that many of the In
dams. who highly prize these pap
ers as mementos. carry them on
their persons on all their travels. :
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
SPOKE FOR GOOD ROADS
George M. Palmer and John n. HON.
mann Addressed Meeting

George M. Palmer and John II. HON.
mann Addressed Meeting
George M. Farmer and Jonn H.
Hohmann were the speakers last
night at a very enthusiastic meeting
held in school house No. 1913 in Lime
townships fok the purpose Of setting
forth the merits of the Babcock plan
of good roads. Mr.. Palmer spoke at
some length on the benefits to be de-
rived from tn construction of good
roads and Mrs. Holman on the pro
visions of amendment No. 1. Mr.. Hob
mann explained that there are a great
many peopue who think that amend
ment No. l calls for the pavement Of
all roads of the proposed 1000 mile
system. This is not the case. The
amendment says nothing whatever
about the method Of work to be
adopted but merely provides for the
maintenance and grading Of the pro.
posed system. Mr.. Hohmann read
part OF communication from Mr..
Babcock himself in which he said
1t was not the intention Of the bill to
tie the state down to any type OF
road. As a matter Of fact soil and
other conditions are factors which
VIII nave 10 De considered. Inc pur :
pose Of the amendment Is to complete
the 1000 miles of the system. Three
thousand miles Of the system Is al
ready graded and drained, and 1000
of that 5000 miles Is already graveled.
The main purpose is to complete the
system as well graded and graveled
road, and wherever traffic Is heavy
and demands 1t, is higher type Of sur
facing will be used. When the above
was explained to those present at last
nights meeting many Of them were
converted to the plan. Previously they
had gotten the impression that the
Rabcock plan called for paved roads
throughout.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
PICKED UP AT KASOTA
MARREAGEO N. WARRANT
IN KANSAS
Well-known Former Resident
WEEDS; Personal Gossip; News
Stories Collected

Kasota, October l4.---Kasota
friends of c. N. Warrant. q former
resident of this place, were surprised
to learn Of his marriage to RS. Jennie
Benjamin of South Haven, Kansas.
The happy event took place at Owa-
tonna October 2. Mrs. BENJAMIN Is a
sister to the late Mrs. c. N. Warrant
and is we'll known TO Kasota peope.
Mr.. and Mrs. Warrant will make their
home in Autsin, MINI, where Mr..
Warrant is enployed. Their many
friends extend congratulations and
best wishes.
J E. Davies was a business visitor
in the twin cities couple of days
the forepart of the week.
Miss Leona Moulton of st. James
spent the week end at her home here.
Mrs. Forrest Butterworth Of Man
week with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
w. H. Moulton.
L. Finger of Minneapolis visited
over Sunday with Kasota friends.
Miss Naera Stebbins of Welcome
spent the week end with her mother,
Mrs. Mary Stebbins.
Mrs. w. G. Moses has been q
guest Of relatives at Wells several
days the past week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Stricken of Mankato
were visitors Sunday at the J. r.
Ream home.
Mrs. G. r. Hamnstedt and daugh.
ter, Mrs. Kneeland OF st. Peter were
visitors Tuesday at the home OF MIRA.
Berquist and daughter. ..r-
The following ladies have enter
tanned at silver teas during the past
week Mrs. Theodore Anderson, Mrs.
Sam Weygandt and Mrs. Wilcox
Mrs. Marie Peterson visited rela-
tives in Waseca from Saturday until
Monday.
Frank Clapp of st. Paul spent Sun
day at the home Of Rev. Bailey where
his wife is guest. He lett Monday on
a business trip to Albert Lea,
Mr.. and Mrs. Leonard Grant were
guests guest Sunday Of David Hugunin and
L. E. Davis and family called on
friends in town last Thursday en-.
route to their home in Revere from
Minneapolis.
Mrs. Mary Stebbins and daughter
Naera were shoppers in Mankato last
Saturday ,.....
Mrs. J. E. Davies, Mrs. Charles An
derson and Mrs. Paul Zimmerman
were entertained Saturday afternoon
at the home of Mrs. M. r. Davis In
st. Peter.
Mrs. M. T. Thew and Mrs. Martin
Timlin of Mankato called on friends
In town last Thursday
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
FARMER FACING DANGER
Slump In the Prices Is Seen As
Menace To Further
Production
ASSOCIATED Press Dispatch, ]

: Washington, October 13.-"General
bankruptcy and ruin are inevitablye, !"
unless some important remedy is
found to relieve the present price sit
uation as it affects the farmer, says a
report submitted to the agricultural
conference here today. by general
committee appointed to study the sit
uation. The report was adopted by
the conference without a dissenting
vote.
The committee blames the federal
reserve system for present prices,
charging that st has arbitraly with
held from assisting the basic indus
try OF this country 60 main ,dni Il lei
OF prices that at least meets the cost
Of production"
Declaring that the condition of the
mind OF the farm population is "omi-
nous" the committee says in this
state Of mind can only be changed by
a frank and fair attitude on the part
Of those In fauthority-the test of
which can be only their acts.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
BEAUTIES OF MINNEOPA-
They Made Great Impression On
Writer In Fairmont independent.

Writer In Fairmont independent.
Yesterday the writer was among
those who visited Mankato by auto
and ate a picnic dinner in Minneopa
Park, most delightful spot for such
outing. Although the tenth of
October, the sun shone brightly, the
air was warm and flowers about the
park were still in bloom, says The
Fairmont Independent.
Although che park is beautiful
place, 1t Is not the most beautiful
thing to be seen on such trip. Along
the Minnesota river at this season
nature sets for the the most delightful
panorama of scenery that can be
found in the northwest. The high
wooded hills and deep valleys, decor.
ated In the bright hued autumn foil
age, the rocky cliffs and lodges with
the winding Minnesota flowing in and
out to the vision at intervals in the
panorama of natural beauty, sets forth
scenery that has few equals on the
American CONTINENT
The Falls Of Minneopa remain in
place all the time, possessing both
beauty and grandure, but at this time
one important element of a waterfall
Is lacking. There is no water A little
is trickling over the rocks but only
enough to count as the drippings from
the altar of Natures beauty setting.
The State did wise thing in set
ting aside many acres at Minneopa
as a state park, and the great state
OF Minnesota ought to devise some
method Of providing a constant stream
OF water for is falls. In the Sioux
language Minneopa means where wa
tiers twice fall. There are two beauti-
nl waterfalls. at Minneopa when the
water is forthcoming, but the stream
thSt'supplies the water is only prair,
lie drainage creek that often fails and
At other times pours great torrent
over the rocky lodges. A twelve inch
pipe would supply water enough in
dry. periods to make Minneopa a thing
OF beauty and a JOY during all the
warm months Of the year. There
must be engineering talent enough in
the state to provide reservoiref wa
ter to be used as desired, of byNa lit
tie engineering effort make Minneopa
creek the outlet of some big lake SO
as to provide the needed water.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15

a plastic, smooth working cement,
unequaled ror brick mortar. The
lime In Carney's cement is an in
gredient In the stone from which it
Is made. No lime is added to 1t in
the process Of manufacture, nor is
10 necessary to add any lime to it
In the mortar box to improve its own
smooth working quality.
A wall laid up In Carney's cement
mortar IL Of uniform strength and
durability the bond becoming as
hard as paving brick
Carney's cement has filled the de-
mand OF architects for cement
that could be successfully used for
brick mortar without the necessity
of mixing any lime with it to i'm
prove its working properties under
the trowele
Freezing in the wall does not af-
feet the strength and durability of
Carney's cement mortar. In thou
sands Of cases the brick work has
been done In zero weather
Carney's cement as shown in this
book, has been used In connection
with the largest and most important
brick construction In the United
States. 1t has been adopted con-
tinuously for many years by lead
ang architects, engineers and CON
tractors.
Among some Of the larger build
ngs into which Carney's cement has
been worked In construction are:
The Pennsylvania railroad terminal
and freight station at Chicago, the
largest freight house In the world,
eight hundred feet long and $50
feet wide. There we've eleven mil
lion brick used in fho CONSERVATION
OF this building, and 1900 barrels
OF Carney's cement Twenty thou
sand barrels of Carney's cement
went into the construction of the
$4,000, 000 Armour plant at South
ST. Paul, and in the field museum
OF natural history, Chicago, seventy
nve car loads OF that cement. In
addition to these large buildings
Carney's cement is in demand ali
over the United States and is Civ
Ing satisfaction everywhere.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
CAN'T HOLD THE STATE

Commonwealth Not Responsible For
Actions OF Indssorest Partridges.
Ct. Paul, October Eff a partridge
or other game bird flies into win
dow Of your home or office. do not try
to collect damages from the state on
the theory that it is liable because
It protects the birds.
That 10 what Roliin L. Smith. as
sistant attorney general of the staff
of Attorney General Erton, yester-
day told Dr. r. NJ Bright Of Walker.
MINI, who requested a ruling. DR..
Bright said that q partridge few
through a rlate glass window at his
office and wished to know IL he had
q case against the state.
1.-THE tndiscretfon Of this partridge
In flying through our window Is to
be regretted, but without doing vio-
lsnce to the law / cannot advise you
that you have q claim against the
state or any OF It's subdivisions" Mr..
Smith wrote
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
FORD CAR WAS STOLEN

Brand New Auto Taken From the
etreets Of Albert Lea.
Albert Lea, October 12.-Even fine
roads have their drawbacks. They
have made the auto thieves more
daring. Saturday night O.. G. Hay
ward 6o6 Park avenue had his new
1920 Frd car stlen. Mr.. Hayward
had parked his car just south Of the
street about 1880 o'clock. When he
came to get the car at nine o'clock
it was gone. The engine number is
3.S60.961 and the license number
54658.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
ROAD LAW ENDORSED
Amendment No. I Given o. X. q
County Commissioner Body.

Amendment No. Given o. X. BY
County commlssIoners' Body.
st. Paul, October 12.-Good Roads
Amendment No. / received the una
nimous Endorsement of Minnesota
commissioners at a meeting Of the
State association Of Commissioners
held in Minneapolis. The amend
ment was proclaimed the logical So
luton of Minnesota's highway prob
lem by Commissioner Ed Paulson of
Beltrarni county, who introduced the
resolution which carried without q
dissenting vote.
Herman Polkow, Brown county,
was elected president for 1920 and
FL. III. G. Wright, Clay county, was
named vice president and Cyrus b
King, Itasca county, secretary and
treasurer.
The legislative program will be dis
cussed at meeting in st. Paul. jan
uary 25.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
FARM BUREAU MEETING
Second Annual Convention viii Be
Held In ST. Paul Nov. 1920.

Second Annual Convention viii Be
Held In ST. Paul Nov. 1920.
The Minnesota Farm Bureau feder-
atioa will hold its second annual con-
vention in st. Paul November 10 and
20. The junior beef chow will be held
In South st. Paul November II. Is
and 1s. The annual sale OF prize baby
beeves will be held November 10.
T. A, Erickson, who fs in charge OF
boys and girls club throughout Min
nesota, reports that q large number OF
youngsters will have animals at the
sale this year. ....-..
{ The Farm Bureaeu federation is ex-
pected to have delegates from every
county The federation Is organized on
the county plan, each county unit
having membership in the state fed
GRAFTON. The state federation has a
like organization. with a national ass
ociation directing It's work. The
county agriculture agents of Mime
sofa also plan TO hold a convention In
st. Pau about the same time.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
PULLED INTO COURT
Chatfieid Men Were Arrested charoed
With Selling Moonshine.

with selling Moonehine.
Peter Keefe, real estate man of
Chatteld, and his nephew. Clifford
McGrand. were arrested on a farm
near Chatf1eld by Sheriff Mitchell of
Rochester on a charge of manufac-
turing and selling muonshine LIQUOR.
The sheriff, acting on a tip furnished
by Sheriff Christanson of Fillmore
county, raided the farm, and in a
cornfield near, the house found ind-
cations of still. the Rochester re-
port said.
The two offenders were taken To
Rochester where bail was furnished
pending their hearing which viii
be held In the Municipal court there
October 81.
The tip came to Sheriff mitchell
as the result of q confession secured
by Sheriff Christianson from two al :
legged DRINKS that he arrested last
week.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
PRIZES FOR GOOD SEED
Display VIII Be Made In St. Paul {

Display VIII Be Made In st. Paul BY
Crop Association.
4 Nearly $4,000 I'm prize money will be
awarded to exhibitors of grain and
seed at the 1921 annual meeting OF the
Minnesota Crop Improvement asso-
the Ryan hotel, st. Paul e,bruary
%, 20. and 25. Several speakers from
outside the state have BEEN engaged.
A. G. Cooper of ST. Cloud is president
OF the association and T.. e. Of Uni
versity farm is secretary
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
SPUD MEN TO MEET
Potato Growers Of Minnesota Wi
Gather In Dui,,fh onn.

Gather In Duluth Soon.
The newly organized Minnasota Pr
tato. Growers exchange Is planninr
to play a prominent part in the forth.
coming annual convention of the Min
nesota Potato Growe,S' aseociafion
at Duluth, November to 10. accord
ing to officers of the company. Mo-
ton picture representations and lee
lures on the most approved methods
OF potato growing and handling will
ing the methods in use "a Arrosfoo,r
county. Maine. probably the nati6h's
most famous potato centeS -
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
KILLED TWO DAUGHTERS7
Earl Reop Alleged To Have Made
Confession To Authorities.
[AsSociated Press Dispatch.l

[Associated Press Dispatch.
Lnsing, Mich, Q%..eer 12.-Earl
Roop, farmer living near here.
today confessed. according to Sheriff
Silsbee. that late yesteday he chlor-
oformed his two daughters, aged two
and three years, and buried their
bodies In the bed of tAe Red Cedar
river, short distance from his home.
The two girls, the sheriff said. had
been In the fields with Roop. In the
evening the farmer returned to his
home and assured his wife, who was
Ill and In bed with his six day old
son, that the girls were afe and
would be home shortly, few
hours later he started for the nseriff's
office at Mason, where he surrender
ed, and made the alleged confession.
After Roop had told his story, sher-
tifs officers went to the river, led
by Roop, and uncovered the bodies :
Dependency according to the
alleged confession, was the motive for
the crime. Roop is being held on a
charge for murder
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
vintou

Miss Blanche Vinton and DIR. R. J.
Hodapp We're quietly married by Rev.
Wells at the Wesley Methodist church
OF Minneapolis Wednesday afternoon,
October 6. Mrs. Julia Vinton, Miss
Marie Hodapp, Miss Olive Eginton
and Mr.. and Mrs C. F. Hansen wit
messed the ceremony After the cere-
mony the bridal couple and friends
dined at the Radisoon. DR.. and Mrs
Hodapp are spending few days in
Minneapolis before returning to Ma
della where they will make their
home.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15

Mr.. and Mrs. William Mabee of
Madelia. Mrs. Harry Van Lob and
family of Waseca ,and. Mrs. Hugh
Mabee and family of this city have
returned from Rush River where they
spent the week end.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
HELD AT ALBERT LEA
Gene Connors and Phil Walsh VI
Against Serious Charges.

Especial to The Free Press.1
Albert Lea, October 12.-Gene Con-
nors and Phil Welsh, both of this
city, are held here on serious charges.
Welsh with transportating liquor ana
Connors with driving the car In which
Welsh was transporting the liquor
while intoxicated. Welsh asked for a
continuance of his case until We'd
nesday, to obtain council, which was
granted. Connors case aso was con-
tinued until Wednesday.
UsBSri inhleo lghvairs atuain a
Frank voight and Fred Newberger
were arraigned before Judge Gather
wood in district court here on a
charge OF violating the federal pro-
-hibition amendment. and pleaded
guilty to the charge. They were fined
$500, 90 each or ninety days in jail. The
men were arrested In a raid on the
Voight home last week, in which a
still in operation was also taken.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
Celebrate Wedding Anniversary.

MI. and Mrs. George Harris of In
dian Lake are quietly celebrating their
forty third wedding anniversary. They
have one son, N. A. Harris at Harvey,
N. D., who was unable to be at home.
Also they have one grandson eight
years old. Mrs. Harris stated that DUR
ing the forty three years of their
married life Mr.. Harris has never said
and unkind word to Ser. This is q
record few have and that many envy.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
swimming In October.

Boys were swimming In the
STRAIGHT river at Faribault on Sunday,
October 10. Can California beat that
record?
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15

Miss Ernestine Huelscamp OF New
Ulm did shopping IN the city yester-
day.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15

Mrs. e. L. Miller left this noon for
California. whore she WIZ make her
future home
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15

Mr., and Mrs. e. w. Juiiar OF St
Clair spent yesterday in the city.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1920-10-15
Cement Widely Uaed

Carneys cement Is neither a
Portland nor natural cement, but
is in class Of its own, and Is used
exclusively for brick and tile NOR
tor. 1t Is made from stone In which
lime and cement are chemically
combined in right proportions to
produces when burned and ground