davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
LITERATURE DEPT.
HAS FINE PROGRAM
Woman Club Branch An.
nounccs Work For Season
lQ2O-l02l.

Tt. department - literature Of
g.. e. I9harah So r--. 600 viii
hold lt- meetings on alternate Mon
day throu-holt tEis season. at
5.l1 D. m. beginning oct. g.
The following quotation by Or.
fuueI Johnson sounds lle keynote
az tho years p-,.ram 81 Illustrated
travel TALKS. The use OF travelling
g. Go regulate IMAGINATION by realty
End. instead II thinking how things
may be. see them as rhCy are
The department program is as
folIovs
oct 4-United States Ohe East,
Mrs. Fred p 6eeney. Warsaw. New
York: patriotic songs. direction Miss
JEANNE Il. Terry
OCT. 1s-I-nited states. Cthe
Vest Mrs Edmund p. Byrkit,
western songs Miss Kathryn Weir.
Nov. Hawaiian Islands. Miss
Ruth B0oacr. ukclele music. Clay
tina Ainlay.
Nov. I5-China. Mrs Martin y.
BeigCr. oriental music vocal solo.
Dirs. Elizabeth Kraus Bickel. Tea
served
Nov. e9.-Japan Mrs Vcrnice r.
Ludwig. songs. Mrs Harry +. sud-
ers. Japanese dance DO costume. Miss
Maxine Eaton.
Dee. IA Journey 20 Jerusalem,
Prof. Ernest Marshall Linton. vocal
solos. Mrs Ralph n. Jernegan.
Jan. Dutch East Indies, Mrs.
Robert r. HOelaeker, violin solo,
Mrs. Ncrnice Grisauer.
Jan. l7.-Throush sunny italy,
Mrs Louis Lang songs of ITALY,
frs MI q
Miss MaNins Eaton.
Jan 11.-Ir4uce Mrs Karl ".
KnOrr- solo. Ia Mafsciuaisc. Mss
Rachel "illemyus French costume
dance Miss Julia ROY. Miss Gather
inc Stearns.
Feb. 14.-Holand. Miss June Ed
dinefeld: songs OF Holland Miss
Bertha \olke. Dutch costume dance
Feb. 2S.-The British Isles Mrs.
William II. Youn- scotch songs.
Andrew Watson. old English
ballads Mrs Clarence =. TYLER.
March 14.-S0uth Americe four
sister repuolCI Mrs. Charles a.
Semler. Spanish songs Mrs. Ralph
n. Jernegan-
March 26. - Cosmopolitan tea.
Zach country visited will be repre-
scented at the tea. The program FOR
this occasion will be in the nature
OF n review OF the years entertain
ment.
The fact that these talks will he
given By The people VINO have trav-
eled or lived in the countries OF
which they viii speak will insure
the club Of highly entertaining
and instructive season
The program committee consisting
Of Mrs. Frank H. Huber. AIrs. ChaS.
A Scmlcr. and AIRS Nernico Lud-
wiz. has also provided attractive
musical uumbgrs and costume dane
fnE illustrative OF the various COuu-
tries Whenever possible it is plan
ned 20 use the lantern to show
ws uf the most beautiful and iu-
rerest.nr scenes described
LAST TIME FOR GOOD PICTURE
That splendid picture Riders OF
the Dawn gill be shown at the
Temple theatre today for the last
times. Yesterdays presentation
pleased good audiences Violet
Schruu appears as "a ~cmi-vamp.
bur in a part different from amy
other u which her eyes have ever
wrought destruction for she is d
French Eirl. who as par, of The in-
triEue AGAINST the wheat rauCher
Kurt Dorm prCtends go Dee his wife
claiming that be married her ir
France during tho war.
Stated meeting NIishawaka chap.
ter 267 o. 2. =. Tuesday evening
Work -Adyt. 2Itt
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
WISH TO THANK PUBLIC

The Sisters OF st. JOseph'S hospital
and the Ladies' Aid society of the
hospital. wish to thank the general
public, the banks, the press and
those who donated their automobiles
for use on the tag day for The benefit
Of the hospital, which was held Sat
urday.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
TO TURN
CLOCKS BACK SUNDAY

Mishawaka will set its clocks back
to standard time next Sunday, Oct
3, at midnight after which all Of
the factories and business places
will operate on standard time. The
daylight savings time has been in
vogue in this city for the past few
months
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
BIRTHDAY SURPRISE

AIRS. Connell Yazel, 519 +. Marion
St was pleasantly surprised Satur-
day night by o5 OF her friends who
called 10 honor her on the occasion
OF her birthday anniversary. A
wiener roast was enjoyed Mrs
Yazel was the recipient of many
pretty gifts
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
To ATTEND FUNERAL.

Mr.. and Mrs. John Crothers. 402
s. Beiger St, have gone 10 Bremen.
where they will attend the funeral
services Of the twO-yeaT-old daugh-
ter Of Mr. and Mrs. Lem Crothers,
which will be held Tuesday.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
CLUE LADIES TO ENTERTAIN

i.adv members of the Miami
Country club VIII entertain at lunch
con TO be followed by cards next
Wednesday afternoon 20 which
members Will be allowed to bring
guests. Mrs. Burt Webster and Mrs.
Karl Warner have already received
"a large number of reservations
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
THREE RIXERS NISITOR-

Miss Thyrsa Arnold of Three
Rivers. Mich, visited Mr.. and Mrs.
A. Fl. Mathien, 953 Lincoln way E.
over Sunday
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28

1ccept California" Syrup Of Figs
only-lOok for the name California
on the package, then YOU are sure
your child Is having the best and
most harmless physic for the little
stomach. liver and bowels. Children
love its fruity taste. Full directions
on each bottle. You must say
California"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
DFAVE FOR CALIFORNIA

Mr.. and Mrs. Bion Markham and
their grandchildren. Howard and
Miss Helen Raines, $50 z. Seventh
St. will leave today on a motor trip
70 Redland. Cal. where they expect
10 spend the winter.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
BIRTH RECORD.

i pound girl was born Satur-
day 10 Mr.. and Mrs. Edwin Pol
voorde, 1149 East Fourth ST.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
GUEST OF SISTER

Mrs. z. Brandon of Auburn is the
guest of her sister. Mrs. Charles
Shelton, 81 Webster ST.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
Pyramid
Gives Relief
II Piles Itch, Are Painful and Won
Need Quick Relief, Get q Box
OF Pyramid Pile Sup
pOsitOries Today.

In the privacy Of your own home
quick relief from itching. bleeding
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28
"MishaWaka CZassJied'

Seeds. Plants. Fertilizers So
GENUINE JAPANESE BARBARY-0--
der BarOary now for fall planting
Hardest hedge plant grown. Lakewood
BaroaTy farm, miles east on Jeffer-
son road. OsceOla 1923.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28

Rermen regular meeting Wednes-
day evening Adv.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28

The answer Of most fat people IS that
exercise and dieting Is too hard. too
troublesome and too dangerous e
method 20 force the weight down. How
ever. IN Marnola Prescription Tablets,
al these difficulties are overcome. They
are absolutely harmless, entail no dieting
or violent exercise, and have the added
advantage Of oheapness. One little tablet
after each meal and az bcdtine-zs pleas
ant 20 eat Is candy will reduce your
weight two. three or four pounds week.
and leave TO bad results such as wrinkles
OF fabby skin. A good sic box is sold
By druggists atthe reasonable pTice Of one
dollar, OF If preferable thcy nay be OBJ
tanned BY sending the G-cuIt 10 the
Marnola Co. g Cared Building.
Detroit, Mich. They vii reach you b.
mail, prepaid. il plain. sealed cover.
Now that you know this you have no ex-
cuse for being too fat. ou. can reduce two.
three OF four pounds week without fer
Of bad afrer-efects.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-09-28

MOULD YoU GO FARTHER TO GET
A BETTER job IF -oU ARE IN
TLRESTED ~ A POSITION WHERE
YoUh WORN WILL BE LIGHT AND
CLEAN AND lOU HAVE An opToR-
TUNIIY To BARS GOOD WAGES,
CONE OFT AND SCI THE KIND or
yoBs We HAVE OPEN IN OUR
FACTORIES on WEST SAMPLE
STREET.
WILSON BROS.
zoos w sample So
"A Good Place to WorA."
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09
.DR JOHN BRASHEAR
CLAIMED BY DEATH
One Of the Finest Charac,
tes in the Nation Passes
to His Reward.


PITTSBURGH. Pa, April s-Knowit
70 the foremost scientists of the world
as their peer; known 10 educators,
phllautnropists aud scholars as among
the fnust iliustrioug Of them, but
known to Pittsbntghefs, great aud
small, rich ard poor, famous and OBJ
zcure alike, simply as uncle John"
the lover OF all humanity, John Alfred
Brashear quietly passed away in his
homo in Perrysviiie avenue, North
side, few minutes after z o'clock
last night after having been confined
TO his bed for the last two weeks, due
to physical breakdown, superin-
duced by aleaking valve OF the heart
ane liver trouble, complaints OF long
standing.
"'Uncle John was born in Browns
vile, Pa, in 1910. Here he received a
common school education, upon COM
pleting which he apprenticed himself
to manufacturer OF steamboat en-
gines as wheelwright In 1850 he
moved 10 Louisville, KY, but owing
to his pronounced Union sentiments.
was forced 10 leave that city which
was hotbed OF the Gonfederacy.
At the age OF % he married Phoebe
Stewart, rented a house on the South-
side and was employed as a. wheel.
wright in the mills OF zug & Painter.
It. was at this time that he first be-
came interested in astronomy. With
ihe assistance of his young wife, he
built shed in the back of the home
IN Holt street and there began the ex.
periments which were destined to
place him among those in the front
rank of that science.
With hut little money and no equip,
ment. he set about to build telescope
Of bis own, making the tubes and
grinding the lenses with homemade
machinery which he set up in his lit
tie shop in the rear Of the home that
he had built with his own hands, as.
sisted, as he always was, by his wife,
and at times, by his fellow workers in
the mills. Isl
His spare time for three years was
occupied with the grinding of his first
lens When 1t was completed he was
dissatisfied with it and spent two more
years on another, only to have it
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09
MILLIONAIRE OIL .MAGNATE is
OUTWITTED BY LOCAL man
c. Arnolds Obtain for TrfEng Sum Asset for Which
Millionaire Offered Million

j. G. Arnold. printer and linotype
operator, formerly employed in this
city. has as he says, the distinction OF
putting one over on the country's
greatest oil magnate In an interview
Mr.. Arnold tells the full details in a
most interesting manner.
About year and half ago. says
Mr.. Arnold, 81 began having attacks
of stomach trouble, which continued
getting worse until my liver and kid.
neys were so affected that I was
forced to quit work. had been work
ing night shift on an Akron paper and
shifted to day work, thinking change
of hours would help me, but without
avail. was taking medicine contin.
ually, first one doctor and then anoth.
or but kept getting worse. Every time
a friend suggested remedy tried un
til at last some one recommended the
Reese Formula Ri. BY this time |
had given up hone but began taking
the Reese formula ALL because l
knew it was guaranteed and Ii IT
didn't do any good could get my mon
ey. back. had no confidence in 1t or
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09

broken IN tho silverIng process. The
third attempt was, more successful,
however, and the first telescope ever
made II Pittsburgh was thrust through
the roof Of the little shop back Of the
Brashear home This was the founda-
ton laid for one Of the most modern
and efficient factories FOR the produc.
ton Of technical instruments, whose
fame is known wherever such instru-
ments are used.
It was 1875 when he had completed
his first instrument but he continued
with the mills for five years more,
being Interested in the management
OF gone Of them. Ins1ss0 he gave up
the mill work and began the manufac.
ture Of astronomical instruments,
which have made him famous the
world over. He had made instrn.
ments for nearly every observatory II,
the world. Nearly all the largest and
most important spectroscopes and
spectrographs used in the large obser.
vatories and the largest and most i'm.
proved range finders, gun sights ana
meridian instruments were made by
him.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09

If you want good Piano or Play
er and do not want to pay all cash for it
we will arrange whatever terms are
suitable. You can pay us a modest first
payment and the balance in convenient
monthly amounts. There's no reason
for you to be without music in your
home simply because you do not want
to pay the full cost Of an instrument at
one time.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09
BAD BREATH
DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets Get
at the Cause and RemoveIt

DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets, the
substitute for calomel, act gently on the
bowels and positively do the work.
People afflicted with bad breath find
quick relief through taking them.
DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets are a
vegetable compound mixed with olive
oil. They act gently but firmly On the
bowels and liver. stimulating them to
natural action, clearing the blood, and
purifying the entire system. They do
that which calomel does, without any Of
the bad after effects. Take one or two
every night for week and note the
pleasing effect. 10c and.25c box.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09

anything else. Imagine NV surprise
when after taking about half the first
bottle my condition began to improve.
I continued taking It and before finish.
ing the third bottle l was completely
restored. am again working and feel
better than / have for many years.
The Reese Formula R.11," contin.
ued Mr.. Arnold, cost ma dollar and
quarter bottle, and considering the
fered a millionaire oil magnate Of.
fered million dollars for relief from
stomach trouble think am some fl.
nancier.
But then, people don't think they
can get relief unless 1t is expensive
All l can say is that it only cost one
dollar and twenty-five cents, the price
of the Reese formula R-11, to relieve
stomach trouble. for my case has prov.
en- it." =.
The Reese Formula Ri is sold by
all druggists in Fairmont and. sur.
rounding cities and is being demon.
strated at Cranes drug store. Drop
in and talk it over with the Reese For.
mula man.-Adv,
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09

Bridgeport on April a to attend a
brand meeting OF the different Aid and
Missionary societies throughout the
district
The Circle Of KINGS Daughters met
at the home OF Mrs. Waiter Gaslins
Tuesday afternoon.
Mrs. Guy Lipscomb entertained the
Sewing circle at her home last even.
ing from 2 to 10 O'Clock.
Misses Fannie aud Sadie oliker, Of
Fairmont, were here last evening the
guests at supper of Mr.. and Mrs. Max
Bear.
Mrs. Emma Leeper, OF Fairmont, is
here visiting with Mrs. Howard Elem.
ing.
Rev. A. A. Dye was calling on
friends In Fairmont yesterday.
Mrs. Fred Baker is i'll at her home
here in Snider street.
Dortha Lee, the young daughter OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Cleve Shultz, who has
been quite i'll, is getting better.
Miss Elsie Lambert is Ill at her
home in Lambert street.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09
MoNONGAH

The Aid and Missionary societies
OF the NJ. p. church which met at the
home of Mrs. A. II. Yost yesterday
afternoon, had an interesting meeting.
Twenty.four OF the members were
present. Plans were laid for a ba.
zaar which is to be held on May ]. SIX
members of this society viii 90 to
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09
lLaat pav al sn,nnl

Today closes thia school year, ana
the children gave an entertainment
that was credit to both teachers and
school
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09

New York wastes as much water
every day as would supply city OF
100000 population.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09
BAXTER
New Arrival.

Mr. and Mrs. William Wade are the
parents OF new baby boy who an
rived Wednesday morning, April the
seventh.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09
Church Notes.

Church Notes.
Sunday evening. April 18th, Rev.
Curtiss will fill his appointment at
tho NJ. E. church and in all PROBABLE
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09

Mrs Mike Morris Of Detroit Mich,
is spending Few days with her sister
in-law Mrs. VIM. Levelie.
Capt. and Mrs. Pickering Of the
Salvation Army were in Baxter We'd
nesday afternoon in the interests OF
Margaret Pap, small daughter OF Joe
Pap.
J. R. Lake OF Edgemont was a bus
mess visitor Wednesday evening.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1920-04-09

ity will begin the revival meeting.
Sunday school will be held o. usual
at ten O'Clock SUNDAY morning
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05

AUTO mechanic; electricians; lady ste- nographer; millinery sales lady, $30 week. wrapper girls; wire drawers; nail mill helpers: coal miners; track helpers; coal loaders; carpenters; shop helpers; colored men to learn trade; others. 1211z N. 21st
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
SITUATIONS wANTED-MALE b4

SITUATIONS WANTFD-MALE 64 THOROUGHLY experienced mine audi tor and cost accountant who has a record of having reduced costs Of operation. etc. desires position in or near Birmingham; ey army officer, immediately available: salary. 5000 wear to start c. A. Austen. New York Army and Navy Club.
 WANTED-Wor afternoons and Satur- days by bright, f7-year-old boy. Address P-9a. care Age-Herald. x WANTED-By an experienced eommis- sarv and meat market man; a location at once: am married; can give best or references. Address N-so. care Age Herald.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
AGEHERAID CLASSIFIED COLUMNS
EMPLOYMENT


WANTBD--A good cook wants work; can give good reference. Call Main 4O75. Call after a. m.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
EMPLOYMENT
HEIP W1NfT7Ef5IIDi5--MAIE

INSURANCE WRITE HEALTH AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE ON MONTHLY PREMIUM BASIS. DUR ING SPARE TIME. FOR RELIABLE COMPANY. PAYING LIBERAL COM MISSIONS. APPLY OR WRITE GEN ERAL ACCIDENT. sio LYRIC BLDG, BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05

USED CARS-Looking for used cars? should begin fere; bargain always
 Imneria, Motor Co. 40 s. 21st st M lN
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05

ALABAMA registered pharmacist de- sires position with drug nrm's lo years experiences. good references Address W-9s. care Age Herald
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05

N \ NTED-A shoe saiesamn; state ex- perience, age, whether employed, single man and salary wanted; reference required. Wood Shoe Store, Greenwood, Miss
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05
AUTOMOBILES
-6IUT0M0BIIEs FOR SALE

HUDSON ROADSTER - 3-passenger, - closed type Super-Six, late model; per feet running order; top and upholstery like new; tires new; wonderful par gain in a handsome, reliable car; terms to suit Ford or Dodge accepted as cash payment. Bunch Morrow Motor Co., 2oZ4 5th ave-, N.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05

ENROLL NC W-32d annual winter term just beginning; sessions day and night; call, write or phone for full information. Wheeler Busi ness College, 1909-l929 1st ave, Birmingham, Ala
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-05

WANTED-Man for dis
 trict work in city; a good
 position. Apply Circula- tion Manager, Age-Herald.
Indiana daily times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1914-1922, 1920-07-22
BLIND WORKERS
MEET JULY II
Many Association Officials
VIII Speak.

"Our Aim, What We Expect and What
Is Expected Of Us" will be the keynote
address by f. H. Reese, president of
the Indiana Workers for the Blind, al
the fifth biennial convention of the or
ganizatlon, July 81 to 20. at HoIlenbeck
hall.
The Indiana organization is branch
of the International association.
The Tuesday afternoon program in
cludes a report of the international con-
vention at Toronto last year by Mise
Minnette Baum, and a tribute to Mrs.
Prible by Miss Elizabeth burst.
A new constitution will be read and
passed upon by the body.
Employment OF the Blind" Will be
the theme Of the evening speech By Mrs.
T. B. Barnes.
Arthur J. Berhault Of the Metropolitan
School of Music will give a reading and
Miss Helen DeArmond viii give a violin
selection.
Committee reports will constitute the
business Of the Wednesday morning ses-
sion.
The reports are as follows: Loans
B. F. Smith; welfare, A F. Burrows :;
industrial aid, c. E. Chadwick, FIT.
Wayne branch association, Lewis Bech-
told: South Bend, H w. Slater: Indi-
annapolis, w T. Shannon, and Evansville,
Mrs. Sol Hammer.
R. B. Irwin, superintendent for the
Indiana daily times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1914-1922, 1920-07-22
WILL ROUND UP
DRAFT EVADERS
War Department to Publish
Deserter List.

WASHINGTON, July PA nation
wide round up Of more than 100000 draft
deserters will be started soon by the
war department as a final effort to bring
to Justice men who failed to answer the
call to Americas draft army during the
war, Agt. Gen. Harris said today.
The war department has been pre-
pairing a mammoth lis tof names OF men
who can be classed as actual draft de
serters.
This list, expected to be completed
soon, was estimated to contain the names
Of 100000 "slackers"
Operation of the detection agencies OF
the federal, state and municipal govern
ments are to be called on to assist IN
the roundup, It was said.
The final list Of draft deserters viii
be published as the first step in the
roundup.
Fifty dollars reward was offered for
delivery Of a deserter.
Every man Of the war departments
"slackere list will be subject to mill
tary court martial, Gen. Harris said
They will be in the same category as
Erwin r. BergdolI, brother Of the more
notorious deserter, Grover Cleveland
Bergdoll, and who surrendered himself
yesterday after being a fugitive since
1918.
The men on the list nearing compile
ton are those shown by war depart
Dent records to have disregarded draft
calls after they had registered.
The so-called draft evaders are those
who failed to register.
Indiana daily times. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1914-1922, 1920-07-22
Ey tie RGtren1 Department, IndiHnap'ht
Public Library, C. E. Rub. Librarian

blind Of the Cleveland board of educa-
ton and Miss Frances Reed executive
secretary will address the afternoon ses-
sion on THE Needs of the Blind" and
How the Ohio Commission Is Serving
the Interests of the Blind" respectively.
A round table talk will follow on Bust
ness Opportunities" under the direction
of s. p. Haisley, and Employment of
Women" led by Miss Roberta Griffith.
1.-THE Need of individuals In Education"
viii be the subject OF an address by
DR.. II. D. Kitson, professor of psychology
of Indiana university, Wednesday eve
ming.
J. H. Hooper, superintendent Of the
school for the blind at Janesville, Wis,
will speak on How Wisconsin Is Prepar-
ing Her Blind to Become Useful Citizens"
a musical selection will be given by
c. f. Hansen.
The closing session of the conference
Thursday morning win be devoted to IN
finished business and the election OF new
officers.