davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-09-08
BORN MAY 10, 1861

, II . 3 j. 2. b . e ..
visit the past week from her friend,
Miss Florence Dean, !, trained nurse
of the Jennie Edmundson hospital IN
Council Bluffs. Mrs. Wore held a posi-
tiop as muse at the same place prior
to her marriage.
Mrs. August Mesenbrink and three
little daughters We're over from Cnhr-
ter Oak and spent one night the lirst
of, the week al the home of her parents
Mr.. and Mrs. ]. r. Griffin.
Charlie Sprang, wife ana chiluleh
have returned from q pleasant week $
visit at the home OF her father. George
Malone, in Nebraska.
Miss Adelaide Potter came down from
DenisOn Saturday for Il short WISH Will
friends and to attend the carnival.
Mott MciIenry and daughter, Mrs.
Verne Wilkinson. were pleasant DOW
City callers Friday from, Denson. ;.
The Homecoming and haseDai Scsl,ill:
val began last Thursday in Dow city
os per schedule, continuing three days,
,rhe attendance was good considering
the rainy and threatening weather tHat
prevailed each day during the entertain
me1lt. The 6vent.3WaS, not The success
Ias fiadG Been anticipated, which was
very largely due to the unfaNorapie
weather. Music was furnished each
day by the 0th' Infantry band OF Ioft
Onltt IA, Tree IliTlclioltn sbSlis, w. ~
by the Booth a. Lynn comedy aclObats.
Saturday afternoon IN tacfobatlc per.
formance was presented by the t1hotH
Brothers, 4of Charter Oak, which was
greatly enjoyed Daredevil Nielsen, OF
Council Bluffs. was present with ms
aercplanc and performed q number OF
Interesting aerial stunts, among winch
was his thrilling parachute drop. w
Il. F'ishel. republican cailidate for rep
rcsentative. enjoyed n trip with Aviator
Nielsen Thursday. making = canvass
of the. county iby distributing his cam
paign literature. etc, from the CLOUDS
A ball game was held ut the ball PARK
each day Thursday afternoon the TO-
| Gals played the 10th infantry team Q!
| TT Omaha and won the game by 4
score of to 5. Friday afternoon the
home team defeated Denison BY q
score of to o. and on Saturday after
noon the locals lost to Carroll by q
score of | to O.. Friday afternoon !:
musical program was given in the big
canvass tent in the city park by The
band, followed by Il political address
! by Rev" r.. Edward kirbye, OF Des
Moines. Saturday afternoon another
musical program was put on, consisting
| OF a male quartet composed OF DIR. r.
NJ. A[ahin, Frank G!assburner. ReV
IWalter C.sPlank and danes Scott: also
fa vocal solo by Ms. A.. w. Wilson and
! Il ladies' quartet composed OF Miss ruby
Rolls. Mrs. \, w. Wilson. Mrs. Walter
li.sa'ltnk and Mrs. r. II. Lusk. Follow
| ing this program. Senator kimball, OF
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-09-08

dard, OF Dow City; second primary, Miss
Clara Weiss. of Denison second grade.
Mrs. Anna Williams, Dow City: third
grade, Miss Mildred Virgins. Dow City;
fourth grade. Miss Isabel Scott, Dow
City; fifth grade, Miss Ellen Goddard,
Dow City: sixth grade. Miss Hilda Turn
lund,, Dow City; seventh grade, Miss
Eva Walker, Upton eighth grade, Miss
Lillian Donaldson. Woodbine. High
school: History and mathematics, Miss
Bernice Hunsicker. Indianola; English
and latin. Miss Margaret Ryan. Cres-
ton: domestic science. Miss Ella Flynn,
Soldier: music and drawing. Miss vera
Hart, Osceola: superintendent, P. A.
Long. We understand that Mr.. Long
will also take over the department of
agriculture and manual training. AS
yet the general science department has
not been supplied with a teacher, but
the board hopes to have the vacancy
filled shortly. Let us all pull together
to maintain and improve the splendid
school facilities Dow City already has.
A good school will not alone be of great
value to the patrons in town but will
aid considerably in an ad for the town.
Will Hammond has returned to Dow
City from a business trip to his former
home at I.inten. N. d. He is now pack
ing his household goods preparatory to
shipping them to Eaton Rapids, Mich,
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-09-08
DIED SEPTEMBER $, 1920

Council Bluffss was announced as the
speaker of the hour. His address was
also along political lines and was much
enjoyed by his hearers. Hon c.. l.. Her
ring had been expected here on Friday
and Hon. N. F.. Kendall for Saturday,
but. both were unable to fill their ap-
pointments, which necesstated the Sc:
curing, of other speakers. Thursday
and Friday evenings war pictures.
FLASHES From Action" the Fourth di-
vision on the battlefront. We're shown
in the park. A merry goround was on
the grounds for the enjoyment of the
young people The local post, OF the
American Legion put on dance, in the
opera house Thursday night. 4 dance
also being given ON the following night.
Due to the rain which came, up in the
early evening Saturday the afternoon
program concluded with the festivities
Mrs. Mary Mitchell and daughter,
Nancy. returned 70 Omaha Monday:
the Henry. Bell family. e;s
Miss Ednp Ransom came Saturday
from Ida Grove to- ethke ZIP her duties
as teaclIeriin the center School building.
IboSinnhlg this week. ~ fstt1
M. A. Rigsby returned to Missouri
Valley Monday after. AN. over Sunday
Nl,ll ilcic= VIII 90
ployed as janitor Of a school building
there this year.
Misses bessie Baher. Lena EWolver-
| ton and Sarah Rood and Mrs. Vera
Scpher were passengers to Dunlap on
Monday, where they attended the labor
day celebration given under the auspic.
| es of the American Legion.
+, j. f. Rudd and wife. Mrs. Henry Roy
and Mrs. jim Baher and son. Johnny,
were among the penison visitors Mon.
| day.
Mrs. Henry Kailson went down to
! the Bluffs Sunday for visit with her
parents, Mr. and Mrs. M. Saltzman.
|. Frank lanyard and wife returned the
latter part ofsthe week from Patterson,
where they had been assisting in a
three weeks revival campaign. Mrs.
lanyard is spending a few days here
at the parental. Brinten Sharp. home
while her husband is in Omaha attend,
| ing to some business matters. They
| will then return to sIndianola. where he
resumes his studies at Simpson col
| lese.r ~. I
Mr.. and Mrs. Asa Jones. of Charter
| Oak, spent several days of the past
week in Dow City, guests of the Q. O.
! Collins family.
Mr. and Mrs. A. p. SaltZman land
children have been here. during the past
| week visiting his sister, Mrs. Henry
! karlson. Mr.. SaltZman also attended
| to some business nntters in connection
! With his interest IN the Peoples store
| THEN homo is in Sioux City.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-09-08

where the family will be located here
after. --p ~ satsE
Quite a number of our l.. d. S. beo-
pie were in Dunlap Sunday, where they
attended camp meeting, which is now
being held there by the Gallands Grove
district. .,,.s-.-. s#
Homer Wiley has returned from a
visit at the home of his sister, Mrs. Les
lie Helm. near Dunlap.
Elmer Sopher was in Omaha the lat
ter part of. the week to enlist in the
army, but was rejected on account Of
4 crippled hand. at. a@
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1920-09-08

Some motorists will run under clos.
ed gate at a railroad crossing and yet
their relatives expect the obituary ed
itor to write them up as prominent citi-
zens of high intelligence.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06
How Expression Originated.

There have been many explana-
tons made as to the origin of the ex.
preston, I'm From Missouri, You've
Got to Show Me-" 'One of the latest
was made by Kansas City man,
which according to the Kansas City
Star, was as follows:
The marriage laws In Missouri in
the early days were so loose that any
one could get married without answer
ing many questions. In 1881 law
was passed making 1t misdemennor
FOR minister or a justice to marry
persons not having state license. II
also set the age of manageable wom-
en- at eighteen years. If the applicant
for. license did not know the age Of
the bride-elect he had to produce her
to the license clerk and let him judge
her age. When the applicant went
after the girl she naturally asked why
she had 10 go along to get the license.
When told that the law required her
exhibition she remarked: ooh, you've
got to show me, have YOU" This oc.
Cured many times during the first
year or so Of the laws enforcement
and became bywOrd.
Thus Missouri became known as the
s'shOw me" state.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06
DETROIT
BUSINESS UNIVERSITY

81 SO West Grand River Ave.
DETROiT
Established 1850 Accredited
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06


you know, and we thought we'd have
them for change. We are tired of
our old games"
Mr.. Milford was silent for a mo-
ment; then said crisply, miss Eaton
I'll send down some primary history
readers. The children will like them,
l think, and they are more improving
tban-than riddles, I'm sure.V Where
upon he went out and closed the door.
But not before he had seen the deep
rose in Miss Eaton's cheeks deepen to
a painful crimson as she caught the
implied rebuke.
Outside he hesitated an instant |;
Athen suddenly squaring his shoulders
he strobe over to his desk in the Office,
where he savagely grabbed up his pen
and proceeded to finish the applica-
tion blanks for the following term.
Why. was it that Rebecca Eaton In
sisted so on inviting reprimand?
Why was ii she was always doing
something entirely without precedent,
establishing system of her own, so
to speak-tearing down school ethics
daily, abolishing that military precis-
ion that had been the very foundation
of system.
"Of course" he reflected, ''her dis
cipline Is perfect, and" (he pulled
Il record Of No. out Of pigeonhOle)
'her years average is the highest in
the school. But riddles In school |!
Ridiculous!"
"What goes down the chimney up
and up the chimney down but won't
go down the chimney-What was it
that youngster was saying?" Then
suddenly strengthening he ran finger
down the neglected page. "Where
was I? Miss Eliza Smart? Oh, yes
Age, SO, address-Street, town, state.
hereby do wish to be considered"
Again Mr.. Milford's gray eyes wan
dered ont of the window to the line
of naples waving gay salutes at the
fluffy white clouds above them. And
Just beyond, full-grown, regular
Santa Claus chimney lifted Its capa-
BILE shoulders. "what goes up the
chimney up and down the chimney
down? Where do you suppose that
Kid ever heard itf"
Mr. Milford got up and paced his
Office ra;tling the keys in his pock-
ct. "Now what can go up the chimney
up. do you suppose?' He stopped
thoughtfully In front Of bookcase.
"rll Just take those history readers
over to No. 5 myself and see n they're
stiil Guessing"
But when Mr.. Milford appeared
again IN Miss Eaton's room his north
ern latitude completely eclipsed by
pile OF ,s-backed History Readers"
No. 8 lad It's nose buried deep In null
tIpl:cafiOD tables
Miss Eaton helped him unload and
turned hack to her marking. A Ger.
tain amused defiance had replaced the
distress In her blue eyes which Mr..
NllfcrI noted with uneasiness. He
neither enjoyed nor understood her
sense Of humor. Once. he remem-
bsssS, she had told him II was because
Nv had been horn without any him.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06
People Who "po Thinos."

The world owes most to men Of
initiative. They are the people who do
things without having to be told. 1t
was this spirit that made James J..
Hill the developer of our great west
ern empire. 1t gave John Wanama&er
visions Of princely commercial enter
prise. 1t made Edison wrest from ma
ture her secrets and harness her laws
for the good of man. And to the list
names might be added indefinitely.
Among them would be those of moth
ers who have dared schemes to make
ends meet on meager incomes. There
would be men with the odds against
them striving with might and main
to turn calamity into success. And the
surprising thing about II is they often
succeeded. The everlasting Flooding In
the right direction gets the results.
Any man can begin fitting himself for
high station by seeing what needs to
be done and doing II before he Is told
to get busy.-Grit.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06
How al ost Workers. Are Traced.

Patterned after Investigations made
10 America by Joseph ii. Willis Of
Philadelphia. England Is now making
Inquiry into the subject of '1ost work
ers"-men and women who disappear.
Captain Greenwood, for the govern
ment. has finished an investigation In
16 munitiOn factories employing more
than 10000 woman workers. Two
thousand left because of III health and
5000 gave no reason when they quit,
being divided in these classifications:
To get married, moving from the
district, required at home, wages in
sufficient, and other employment.
"There is no panacea for disease.
but there is one promising remedy,
namely, organized welfare work. In
the factories where there are organ.
lied welfare departments the vast
age unaccOunted for is below the av-
erage."
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06
How Fish Aided Solomon.

According to the Koran Of Mahomet
King Solomon recovered his throne by
a fish restoring him the talisman ring
by virtue Of which he held dominion
over all the devils.
still more ancient Is the recovery OF
Sakuntala's ring by Ash, which thus
enabled King Dasyanta to marry the
lady OF his love.
: From the fancy Of the Aryan poet
has descended an immense progeny OF
treasure-retrieving fishes, and the ring
Of Sskuntala, like the magic clrclet OF
the Persian story, has begOtten innu-
snierabIe rings exactly like itself.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06
HOW CAN You TELL YOUA
Fkv0RlTE TOBACCO?
As Plain as the, Nose On Your
Fsee-justs Smell Il

Smokers do not have to put tobacco
in their pipes to find out II they like it.
They can just rub the tobacco between
the palms Of their hands ana smell it.
The nose is an infallible glide to sfnok-
ing enjoyment. rl ~ ~
All smoking tobaecos employ some
fiavoring, ito improve the favour and
burning qualities Of the leaves. to
quote the Encyclopedias, Britannica.
Naturally, there is Considerable differ
ence in the kind Of flavofihgs used, and
the nose quickly detects this diiYefehee.
TUXEDO Tobacco, uses the purest,
most wholesome, and delicious Of all
fiavorines chocolate. And the almost
universal liking for chocolate in Q great
measure explains the widespread popu-
larity Of TUXEDO Tobacco.
Carefully aged, old Bufley tobacco,
plus dash Of pure chocolate, tives
TUXEDO Tobacco b pure fragrance
your nose can quickly disting1aish from
any other tobacco. Try It and see.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06

All important coun, news IL The
TIMES 81 per vear.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06
cIock Give. sldereai and Sun Tim.

Clock Gives sidereai and Sun Time.
A clock with four dials. yet small
enough to be carried In the pocket.
and reading simultaneously In both
mean solar aud sidereal time, has been
designed by Danish astronomer and
engineer. Two Of the dials are for the
two kinds Of hours. The dial for min
utes has two hands, one making $3.50
revolutions while the other makes 385.
The seconds dial is for mean time
only. Either set of hands may be adj
justcd TO local time or that OF any
meridian desired. Sesmen, sstrons-
mers, and geodetic surveyors Will nnd
the new tlmeplece. particularly useful.
Popular Mechanics Magazine.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06
How Whitman Get NIeknsme.

It originated during the Civil war.
At that time Whitman was Holding a
government cierkshlp In Washington
and wss devoted In his service to sick
and wounded soldiers In the hospitals.
He was man Of large frame and his
heavy gray hair and long beard gave
him distinguished appearance. In
1886 w. q. O'Connor, also a govern.
nent employee and a magazine writer
u the period, wrote an Intensely en-.
lesIstIc pamphlet about whitman, en-
titled. "The Good Grey Poet" 1t took
hold OF the popular Imagination anu
stuck.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06
HOW LIGHT is CUT OFF
IN CITY'S STREETS

BY TOWERING SKYSCRAPER.
IF. w. Fitzpatrick. the archi-
tect who has been called the
"father OF skyscrapers," gives In
the Popular Science Monthly
some statistics as to the shad-
z ows cast by very high buildings.
"The Adams Express bhildlng,
New York, which is 424 feet
high, casts a shadow 1915 feet In
length; the Equitable building.
which Is 493 feet high, one 1,O1S
feet In length; the Singer tower,
which Is $40 feet high. one l.127
feet In length, and the Wool
worth tower, which is 701 feet
high. one 1885 feet In length.
"Some skyscrapers cast shad-
ows from sixth to third Of
q mile in length on surrounding
property. Thus the Equitable
buildings shadow at noon on
December n is about one-fifth
OF a mile in length !; It complete
ly envelopes an area Of 7.59
acres. Yet the ground area Of
the Equitable building is only
LA acres.
1.-THE shadow cuts off all sun
shine from the Broadway facade
of the United States Realty
building. which Is Fl stories
high. The New York Title and
Mortgage Company building. II
stories high, and the Washing
ton Life Insurance building, 10
stories high. are both complete.
ly shaded. The south side Of
the Singer tower is shaded to
height Of 81 stories. The near
est part of the City Investing
building. 400 feet away, is in
shadow for "a. Of its 20 stories.
Even part of the New York
Telephone building north of Cort-
landt street Is Swallowed by the
Equitable building.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06

We will pay STRAIGHT salary of $35
per week for man or woman with rig 10
introduce Eureka Poultry Mixture. Six
months contract Eureka Mfg. Co.,
East st. Louis, Ill.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06

&c. 1890. by Mcclure Newspaper syndicate.)
"What goes down the chimney down
and up the chimney down, but won't
go down the chimney up nor up the
chimney up?"
Jimmy Sudd, third row, five. re-
cited the riddle glibly through a
missing front tooth. The school sat
petrified-not that 1t was riddle.
for Miss Eaton herself had suggested
the form of recreation that day,
much to their delight, but they were
petrified by the enormity Of the prop
osition Jimmy propounded.
After moment Miss Eaton sug-
: gested gently. Suppose you say It
again. Jimmy; it's such long one.
you know. Now go very slowly"
Again Jimmy, inflated with Importance
and the size Of his riddle, repeated
the amazing words.
"That certainly is hard one.
Jimmy" Miss Eaton remarked smil-
ing; then realizing that so pairs of
eyes recently concentrated on third
row, five, had shifted behind her. she
turned.
Mr.. Milford, the principal, had
entered very quietly. evidently just In
time to hear the second rendition.
Miss Eaton's cheeks took on deep
er tinge Of pink. but she rose to the
occasion beautifully.
"Oh. Mr.. Milford, won't you help us
guess riddles? It's recreation time,
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1920-02-06

SALESMAN WANTED TO solicit
orders for lubricating oils. greases and
paints. Salary or Commission. Address
the Harvey Oil Co., CLEVELAND, Ohio.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1920-02-27
GIVE EVERY MAN DUE CREDIT
Boost That Has String to II, No Mat.
ter for What Reason. u Mean
and Unr--o.thy.

"Oh, yes, he is a fine fellow, hut do
you know who his father ISL"
You have heard IL said many times.
but could anything be meaner?
When a man goes wrong his sisters
and his brothers. and his children, par.
ticularly, should not be made to bear
the brunt Of his mlsdeeds.
Each and all OF Us have a hard
enough time keeping In the straight
and narrow path without double
handicap in the shape Of our weak
relatives.
Give every man credit for the real
good he does.
Don't limit your praise with shat is
more than could be expected consider
Ing his parentage."
Be charitable and fur enough to for
get the drawbacks and give your COM
pllments without disparngement.
Every family has its black sheep, II
the truth were known, and would give
anything in this world to save tho
crring one.
AS you want to shield the sinner In
your own fold, forget the SHINING In
the flock next door.
1t Is a rule which works both ways
Give every man full praise without a
handicap.-ChicnGo Examiner.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1920-02-27
Gust Nord Barae.

Watch and Jewelry repairing a spec
ialty. Quick service. Out Of town
customers may leave repair work at
the Superior Pharmacy, L'Anse.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1920-02-27

Of the horrors Of Turkish massacres
and deportations. Saved by an Ameri.
can woman. she has come to this coun
try and entered Oberlin College.
With her came fourteen other ArIne-
MAN girls In charge Of Miss Adelaide
8. Dwight, a Near East Relief worker.
who has been instrumental In helping
to save hundreds of thousands of their
people from death by starvation. Miss
Dwight, who is not given to exagger-
alton and has seen conditions at first
hand. says more than a million people
are facing death by starvation in Ar
menia and will perish unless America
aids.
Herself an eyewitness to the siaugh5
ter of hundreds Of helpless women
and children by the Turks and vic
tim Of the deportations, Miss Dake-
sian. an unusually pretty girl. says
there Is untold suffering In Armenia
and Syria. She praises the efforts OF
the Near East Relief, formerly the
American Committee for Armenian and
Syrian Relief, to save as many OF
these people as possible. At Erivan
the capital Of the Armenian republic
one hot meal is given out daily. and by
this relief alone the city's death rate
has been cut from a thousand daily to
an average Of twenty. At Alexandra
pol, where the refugees from Turkish
Armenia were driven by thousands. the
situation is appalling, Miss Dakesian
says. 1t is to avert these wholesale
deaths that Near East Relief is making
nationwide appeal for funds.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1920-02-27
WANTED.
Men wanted at Klingvillc, Mich.
Good wages, good hotel. 2-13-4

MEN WANTED TO SELL GROC-
ERIES - SELLING EXPERIENCE
NOT NECESSARY-One of worlds
largest grocers, Capital over $1,000
000.00) wants ambitious men in your
locality to sell direct to consumer ma
tionally known brands of an extensive
line of groceries paints, roofings, lu-
bricating oils, stock foods, etc. Big
line, easy sales. Values beat any COM
petition. Earn big money. No ex-
perience or capital required. Com
plete sample outfit and free selling
instructions start you. Long estab-
lished reliable house. State age and
occupationl Write today. John Sex
ton & Co., 352 w. Illinois St., Chica-
go, Ill. IL
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1920-02-27
THR
CLOvRRLAND
CLINIC
IRON MOUNTAIN. MICH.
in
Northern
Michigan

In connection with our General Hos
pital Facilities we announces . thor
'cushly equipped department FOR TIE
TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF
THE EYE, EAR, NOSE AND
THROAT.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1920-02-27
100000 STAND
IN BREAD LINE
More Than 100000 Face
Death Is Message Brought by
Miss DakeSian.

Imagine bread line Of 10000 fam
ished people waiting for twenty-four
hours a day for the dole of food that
Is the sole barrier between them and
death from starvation. That Is the
situation In Alexandropol, city In
Russian Armenia. according to Miss
Hermlne Dakesian, pretty Armenian
girl, one of the survivors OF four years
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1920-02-27
CLASSIFIED ADS

All classified ads will be charged for
at rate of &c per line for each in
sertion, with a minimum rate OF 35c.
Four publications Of ad under lines
will be made for $1.00. Figure six
words to line and send cash with or
der.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1920-02-27

MALE AND FEMALE HELP
WANTED, also young men,. young
women, and families, for work in
flooring factory, planning mill, saw
mills and lumber yards. Good wag-
es and steady work at all times and
for long period Of years. Com
Portable houses in pleasant loca-
ton and community with good school
advantages, etc.-Wisconsin Land &
Lumber Co., Hermansville, Mich.
2-27-3
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1920-02-27

Touring car in good condition will be
sold reasonable if taken at once. Can
easily be made into truck. Inquire
of Ed Menard, LAnse. 2-20-2