The spectator., 1920-11-02

| lZdlIOl Ol IhCh NSopVAi' VA NC struction. and by such hideous brutal ity that no past age of savagery has eUualed them, the peoples of the earth are now striving to form League Of Nations for the expressed purpose Of abolishing the causes of war and to establish lasting peace among all men.
 "So of more than passing interest Is the fact that in the Sixteenth century on the North American continent there was formed a permanent league of i've tribes of Indians for the purpose of stopping for all time the shedding of human blood by violence and of es- tablishing lasting peace among all known men by means of constitu- tional form of government based on peace, justice, righteousness and pow CT, or authority"
 These paragraphs. as quoted, appear in the annual report of the Smithson- ian institution. They were written by J. N. B. Hewitt of the bureau of American ethnology. and are the opening paragraphs of contribution to the report by Mir. Hewitt on "A Constitutional League of Peace in the Stone Age of America"
 Was to Include All Known Tribes.
 The founders of this stone age league of peace, Mir. Hewitt says, were the Mohawks, the Onandagas. the Oneidas, the Cayugas and the Senecas, five Iroquois tribes dwelling in the central and eastern regions of what is today the state of New York. The founders of this league, it Is pointed out, had never heard of Chris tianity. and yet, to quote Mir. Hewitt "they proposed for themselves and for their posterity the great task of grad ually bringing under this form of gov ernment all the known tribes of men, not as subject peoples but as confed- crates" To quote the ethnologist again:
 Ut is thus seen that the mental grasp and outlook of these prophet statesmen and stateswomen of the Irouueis looked out beyond the limits of tribal boundaries to a vast sister hood and brotherhood of all the tribes of men dwelling in harmony and hap piness. This indeed was notable vision for the stone age of America"
 This stone age league worked. It bound the IroQuoian tribes together until they were broken up by white men. At the period of the formation of the league for about seventy-five years afterward these tribes. Mir. Hew- lit says, thus united. were surrounded by number of powerful and hostile tribes nearly all of which were cog nate with them in speech.
 Mir. Hewitt says that the dominant motive for the establishment of the league for the five Iroquois nations twas the impelling necessity to stop the shedding of blood by violence through the making and ratifying of universal peace by all the known tribes of men. to safeguard human life and health and welfare"
 Mining Experiment Stations.
 With the recent establishment of n mining experiment station of the United States bureau of mines at Rollo. Mo-, with central office at St. Louis. to consider problems In the metallurgy of lead and zinc, and one at Tuscaloosa, Ala, with central office at Birmingham. to assist the mining industry of the South. espe- cially in by-product coke and iron problems, there have been completed 13 mining experiment stations author ized by congress at the last session to aid the mining industry and to CO., operate with the industry In the devel- opment of the nations mineral re- sources.
 These stations, designed to do for the mining industry what the agri- cultural experiment stations do for farming, gre specializing on co-opera- tion with the mineral industries pe- culiar to their territory. taking up the difficult problems encountered in the treatment of complex or low-grade ores, and assisting mining companies in bringing their products through the twilight zone of science into commer- cial success. Metallurgicai problems which will add to the general welfare of the industry and the public are also considered. The bureau of mines refuses cooperation only when the benefits derived will accrue to some one individual or some single concern.
 More Rare Metals Produced.
 The claim has already been made that these stations, especially in west ern metal mining, have been instiu- mental in greatly increasing the pro- duction of rare and precious metals, which of course has resulted in the employment of more men. A notable increase in the production of radium In Colorado and also in such metals as molybdenum and tungsten has teen due, some mining men claimt to the work of these stations. They. 1t is said. were factors in winning the war through the development of ore depos- ifS nf pata1s u.bipb yarS ,,oal for u.op