davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-02-01

20. Would you say that a person OF the
ago of twelve could hold the jobs that this
man has. roam the country alone and take
care Of himself? A. Thousands of them
are doing it.
%. How can you explain his work on
Tho border when he was in the army? a.
II takes but little ability to be a private
III the army.
%. Do you take the ground that an in
sane man could run al elevator? A. Oh,
yes. ! knew a lawyer who practised in
chicago who was insane. | also knew
three men running elevators, one in
Seattle, all OF whom were insane ana
later committed murders.
%. DO YOU think a man of this type,
such as you have described, could gain
ana mold the affections Of a young woman
twenty years OF age, holding a good posi-.
tion as an assistant stenographer?
"A. | do not know her grade Of intelli.
gence. II 1t WIS very high, ] think it
would be strange ii such a condition ex-
isted.'
i. w. McCumber. a fellow prisoner OF
New, was questioned to show the latter's
childishness. He told Of a poker game, in
winch New put up an ante. three times
IN Inc same Jackpot, when he should have
done so only once. New also claimed TO
hold five kings He nearly always lost.
ono OF a series OF tests OF twelve-year-
ola intelligence set by Professor Terman,
"a 'Hc 'HlNtiSty OF Cal1fOrnla, such as
New failed to answer, is to require the
subject TO interpret the following fable in
tellircntly:
~ crow. having stolen q bit OF meat,
perched on Il tree and held It in her beak.
A fox, seeing her, wished TO secure the
meat and spoke to the crow thus: How
handsome you are! And ! have heard that
the beauty OF your voice is equal to that
or your form and feathers The crow was
so pleased that she opened her mouth to
sing and dropped the meat, which the fox
Immediately ate
a correct Interpretation is: Teaches
rs not to listen to nattcry." An eighteen.
%ear-old defective answered.: Guess that's
Whole The fox got his name-old foxy
which betrayed the mental age of ten.
In the Columbia University entrance
tests the young men were asked to mark
the best answer TO the following problem
TO show reasoning power and judgment:
IF your clothes are stolen while you are
bathing in a river. what should you do?
&C. 1920. International Feature Service. Inc.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-02-01

show average adult intelligence is 70 ask
the subject to draw n line showing thcI
course of a cannon ball from the %cannon'sf
mouth 10 the ground when fired nortzon-f
tally. Only 10 per cent OF average aGult3l
answer correctly.
midst of asking a recruit a simple Qucs-l
tion about age and residence would eayl
sharply:
"Have you any ancestors"
X the recruit were OF low Intelligence
and thought ancestors" were something |
to be ashamed OF, like coolies. he would
betray his grade by hastily answering
no"
A test for Intelligence OF ordinary re-.
cruits required them to arrange mi1ed-up
sentences quickly in the rational order,
and write whether they were true or
false" after them. Here is an example:
Arctic monkeys in live regions"
AS some experts said New vas near the
mental age OF ten. it is interesting to
know that a scientific test OF enjoying this
mental age is to detect what is wrong In
four ont OF five statements like the fol.
lowing:
"a man said. y know a road from my
house TO the city which Is downhill all the
way to the city and downhill all the way
back home"
A test for rourteen-year mental age IS.
There are three main differences between
a President and a King. What are they?"
The answer must show n knowledge
that the President is elected. while the
King inherits his throne; that the Presi-
dents tenure is for a term. while that OF
the King is for life. and that Kings are
supposed to have more power than Pres.
idents.
Unsatisfactory showing less
than n fourtecn.year mind. are: A King
sits on a throne" THE President lets the
lawyers make the laws" etc.
Won Its 1ncun1, tho TnI0nuinp In a
minute TO show fourteen-year-old mental
age:
III a mans salary is $50 a week and he
spends s14 a week. how long Will it take
him to save $4,000 -.
Here is another test for the same age I
lima CINE you see the hands OF the clock
at $40. Now suppose the two hands were
to change places. what time would it be-"
The answer should be given in two min.
utes. The subject does not have to an.
swer every test in a series to be normal.
To define the difference between char.
acter and reputation" is a test set 10 show
maturity. A good answer is, "Character
is what you are; reputation is what PEG.
pie say OF you"
To be a superior adult" you should be
able to repeat eight digits reversed, as
N2-5-3-4-S-9-6 after hearing them
once.
Here is an interesting test OF fourteen.
year-old intelligence:
An lndian VINO mad come 10 town Tor
the first time in his life saw a white man
riding along the street. AS the white
man rode by the Indian said, The white
man is lazy; he walks sitting down What
was the white man riding on that caused
the Indian to say, HE walks sitting
DOWN."
The answer, Of course. is, "a bicycle"
In devising tests for candidates for
army officers even African proverbs were
drawn upon to show the applicants IL.
sourcefulness. For instance, a piece OF
African wisdom runs, "If the stomach is
not strong do not eat cockroaches." The
candidate had to pick the English PROV
erb that most nearly means the same
thing
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-02-01

"f you are lost In n forest, what Is the
thing to do? Go straight ahead to a big
tree. Hurry TO the nearest house you
know Of. Sit down and cry. Use the sun
or a compass for q guide.
why is New York larger than Boston?
Because it Is on an island. Because it has
more millionaires. Because it was founded
by the Dutch. Because it is better
located"
II Il youth said New York was larger
than Boston because 1t was better located
and that he would use q compass to get
out Of Il forest he qualified as intelligent.
il he advocated chewing food on account
OF the danger of choking it was decided
that he had better be watched. II he said
that New York was larger than Boston
because 1t was founded by the Dutch he
was not up to adult mcntal age. Many
were sent home.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-02-01

TN the early morning hours of Saturday.
July 3, OF last year. an automobile drove
- up to a police station in Los Angeles.
A full sized. able bodied young man got
out. ran up the steps and astonished the
police officer at the desk by announcing
that he had murdered a young girl and
that her lifeless body was outside in the
tonneau OF his car.
Harry S. New. ne gave his name, ana
said that he was the unrecognIzed son or
United States Senator New, OF Indiana.
He had quarreled with and had Shot to
death his sweetheart, Miss Freda j. Lesser.
he admitted, early In the evening OF the
previous day. Wrapping the bleeding
corpse in a carriage robe and comfortably
sitting 1t up on the rear seat OF the auto
mobile the murderer had been driving
back and forth around the country and
through the streets OF Los Angeles during
the rest OF the night until he ran out OF
gasoline and brought his journeyings to
an end in front of the police station.
Harry S. New has been on trial recently
in the Los Angeles criminal courts, and
the jury listened to the interesting testi.
mony OF many psychologists and medical
specialists who explained how they had
tested the murderer's brains and found he
had the mind of u child OF twelve years old.
In spite Of this the Jury decided that
New was responsible and guilty OF murder
70 the second degree.
There was nothing to indicate to any
body that Harry S. New was not as able
bodied. mentally and physically. as any
body else in the court room. There was
nothing 10 lead poor Freda Lesser TO sus-
pect that her sweetheart was not as COM
petent and responsible as any other young
man OF her acquaintance
Harry 8. New had been able to support
himself at various employments and had
been a member OF the United States Army.
He had served in army uniform In the In
fantry. performing without difficulty or
complaint from the authorities whatever
service ne was assigned to by the officers
Of his company.
Nobody passing him In the street, seeing
him at his meals, watching him at his
~ork, listening 10 his conversation. or OBJ.
serving him az the wheel Of his automobile
would know that his mind was inferior.
How then did the scientists who ap-
peared one after another and gave their
testimony at the trial arrive at the posi-.
tive conclusion that Harry S. New, ex.
soldier. aged thirty-two. had the brains OF
q child OF less than twelve years old?
Judge Rusn. one OF the counsel for the
murderer, Ii his plea 10 the Jury. said
Ever doctor on tho stand has agreed
that Harry New never has had a MIND
more developed than that OF a twelye.year
old boy. The prosecution admits It. He
has a mans body and a child's mind YOU
must not hang q human being for a crime
committed by the mind OF a child-for II
was with his mind he m ed tbie
crime" '"'
1t is only OF recent years that scienc,
has undertaken 70 measure mental age anC
fix with eAactness what degree OF menta
capacity Is 10 be expected o. The norma
child at every year Of its life until 4
reaches maturity.
Nobody expects a tweive-yearold boy q
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-02-01

be as tall or as strong
or to have the physi.
cal endurance Of a
man OF twenty-five.
Nobody expects the
twelve-year-old boy to
have a brain as we'll
developed as the man
OF twenty-five. but just
how much OF a brain
the average twelve.
year-old boy should
aave has only recently
been established by
carefully. scientifcally
devised tests OF thou
sands OF twelve-year-
old children. In the
same way endless
tests OF children from
the age OF three years
up to maturity have
established exactly
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-02-01
One of the Tests of II. S. New's Brain
DepeIopmenf.

Th. Te.. Above Take. tho Average Adult 12s Seconds.
Fifty Per Cent of Average Educated Adults Come Some
where Between 100 Seconds and $50 Seconds. To Take
Les. Than 100 Seconds Is to Be in tho Superior Is Per Cent.
To Take More Than $50 Seconds Is to Be in the Poorest
rs Per Cent. If People Are Divided Into Excellent, Fair
and Poor, Excellent Win Be Anything Less Than 100
Seconds; 100 to IFS Will Be Good; l25 to $50 Will Be
Fair. While Over $50 Will Be Poor.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-02-01
Get some money TO buy a suit;
Swim down the river to a big

"Get some money TO buy q suit;
Swim down the river to a big
city;
"Wait till night and go to a
farmhouse TO got clothing;
Get some fish TO eat While you have to
stay there"
What would you think of the intelli.
gence OF the students who gave Swim
ming TO n big city" as tho best answer?
Another problem for Columbia entrants
was to underline the correct answer TO the
following questions and W
Gas engines are fabricated by gasoline.
air, water. oil.
THE Pittsburgh team are called Giants,
Cubs, Pirates, Tigers"
Here are some more Columbia posers:
Check the best answers to the follow.
ing questions:
"Why should food be chewed before
swallowing? Because 1t is better for the
health. Because it is bad manners to
swallow without chewing. Because you
may choke if you don't chew. Because
liquids are not so nourishing.
Great Britain Rights Reserved.
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1920-08-20
FRIDAY, AUGUST 20, 1920.


sees is truth, but that due to his men
tai astigmatism he sees it imperfectly,
and that they can interprete it for
him to their mutual advantage. Not
realizing that the master lives intirely
at his expense, and that therefore
mutual benefit is unthinkable, he falls
for the lie, and is bound in his chains
once more. So it was at the time of
this story. The Masters and the
Marionetts of labor, saw that this
industrial agitation aimed directly at
the source of power, and so they
stampeded the herd into the cane
breaks Of political socialism, and from
there into the dispersion.
The Master Glass is annoyed, but
not terrified by the purely political
activities of the workers. AS long as
the workers think they can satisfy
their present hunger at next years
election, they may be troublesome, but
can safely be called harmless. But if
ON the other hand, they organize to
control the industry from which they
make their living, they will take more
value for their product with the re.
suit, that there will be less profit for
the Master Masters love all reforms
that will increase, and despise all
action that tends to decrease, what
they call their share of the product of
labor. This is perfectly natural at.
titude with which it is useless to
quarrel. For this reason they say, "If
we must choose one Of these two evils
afflicting the slaves, we prefer the
political instead Of the Industrial, for,
over the political activities we have
control thru the courts, but a solidly
organized industry, in which the men
are systematically instructed as to
their needs and powers, is not so easily
handled.
Political action by the workers, un.
less it has for its base a class con.
scious prolitaire, bent on using the
offices of state for the furtherance Of
working class interests, serves for little
more then a safety valve for the
emotional pressure of the masses. For
as it some times happens the slaves
do elect ''black sheep" the masters
will refuse to seat him, or if they do
seat him, he no sooner shows his color
then he will be removed by the courts.
The exceptions are those who do not
show their color. But If the working
class elects member not of a craft,
but of well organized industry, and
backs that officer with their economic
power then he too becomes a factor
in the state and slavery will be on the
way to oblivion.
This view however was not taken by
the industrialists of that day; the,
held that Industrial action was in itself
all sufficient. On the other hand, ther,
were many workers, who in spite Of tn,
preditory characteritics Of the own
ing class maintained that politica
action was all that was needed.
Jack had told Collins before h,
started on his way To, the convention
Al
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1920-08-20
THE ToILEB
PAGE IL

the bolts; fourth would seize the cars for ewood and
fifth would smash the mirrors in order to shave himself by
the reflection of their Fragments and must be clear
to everyone that such division would not only not be equal
but would lead merely to insane destruction of useful OBJ
ects which might have served many purposes Similarly il
would be silly to divide up single machine in this way Sup
pose should take the driving Wheel another the pis
onrod and other persons should take the remaining parts
the machine would to be machine: it would become
scapron And it would be similar with all complicated
devices, which important than anything else in the
prosecution Of work Merely consider for moment the
telegraph instruments the instruments for chemical works.
ETC. 1t is clear that only complete fool downright enemy
OF the working class could recommend such division
But such division would not be harmful only for the
above Let that by miracle,
had succeeded in dividing up less equally everything
that had been taken away from the wealthy Even then
nothing particularly useful would result For what does such
division mean? 1t would that should have sub
stituted a number of small for few big It
would not signify the abouon of private property, but the
extension Of it, should have petty ownership instead Of
large ownership And yet the time Of petty ownership is
already past We know very we'll that capitalism and the
big capitalists out OF the dssenons OF the petty
with one another If by our division had succeeded
in increasing the class Of small owners the following result
would be Observed part Of them "a very large party would
the very next day dispose Of their gains nkshop
and their property would in this fall into the hands
of the wetodo owners among the others there would
arise conflicts for the sale of their Materials and in these
conflicts the weodo would get the best Of the poorer The
poor would become still poorer and would by this process be
converted into true proearians while the richer would be-
come still richer and would gradually be transformed into true
capitalists Thus should finally return after time
that very structure of society which have just destroyed
We should very find ourselves confronting the
selfsame trough of capalsc exploitation.
The division into private (petty property is not the ideal
Of the worker of the country 1t is ideal Of the
petty shopkeeper who oppressed by the big shopkeeper
but who wishes to become big shopkeeper himself How
to become "one Of the bunch by getting all he into his
possession that is the phsnes dream To think of others
Evening star., 1920-03-09
Society

embroidery with jet outlining the
merce and Mrs. Alexander. the latter
in gold lace.
Gen. Collardet Of the French en-
bassy. Ms- r. H. Hadow of the Brit
ish embassy. the counselor of the
the latter in black tulle. with broad
bands of gold embroidery appearing
on both the bodice and long tunic;
the third secretary of the Italian
embassy and Nine. Celesia, Capt.
Carlo Tappi, Capt. and Nine. Carlo
Huntington, also Of the Italian en-
bassy STAFF; Senior Don. J. f. Lefevre
of the Panama legation. Mr.. l.. Bus
terus Heemskerk of the Netherlands
legation. Mr.. N. H. I.ahovary. charge
d'affaires of the Rumanian legation.
and the military attache of that en-
! bssy and Nine. Teiusanu; the secre-
tary of the Serbian legation and Nine.
Iazarevitch. the secretary of the la-
cation of Uruguay and Nine. de Pena,
Mr.. Raymond Lanctot of the Czecho-
slovak legation. the counselor of the
Greek legation and Nine Tsamados,
Mr.. II. V. Tenant of the British en-
bassy Senator and Mrs. Francis Z.
Warren. Senator Gilbert NJ. Hitch
cock. Miss Ruth Hitchcock. Miss sgd
ney Burleson. Mrs. Robert Hinckley.
Miss Gladys Hinckley. Mrs J. Borden n
Hartman, Mrs. Benjamin Minor. the
third assistant secretary of state.
Mr.. Ereckinridge Long; the apostolic
delegate. Archbishop BonZano; Mrs.
f. Bennett, NJ. and Nine. Claude
I4anglais. Commander and Mrs. Frank
Rarrows Freyer, Mr.. and Mrs. Will
liam Atherton Du Puy, Mrs. James
Evening star., 1920-03-09

- HE minister of Ecuador and
Sonora de Aizalde will en-
pany at dinner tonight. hav-
ing among their guests the
ambassador of Spain and Sonora dc
Riano
Nine. Grouitch was the hostess at a
luncheon today at the Serbian lega-
.tlon given in compliment to her
house guest. Mrs. Edwin Claiming
Larned of Providence, r. l.. president
of the tin box fund for French. Bel
sian and Serbian war orphans. and
Mrs. Arthur Whiting Williams. whose
husband is the secretary of the Ser
bian aid fund in Cleveland. Ohio.
The guests included Mrs. Rufus
Day. Mrs. Henry w. Fitch. Mrs Fred
erick T. Sibley, Mrs. William Hamil-
Day, Mrs. Walter r. Tuckerman. Mrs.
Clarence -Connor Mrs. George w.
Ehle and Mrs. Gouverneur Morris.
Mrs. Edwin r. Meredith will be at
home tomorrow afternoon at her
apartment on Massachusetts avenue.
On Thursday Mrs. Meredith win go
to New York. to remain until Sunday,
when she. will rejoin Mr. Meredith.
the Secretary of Agriculture, in Wash
ington.
The Spanish ambassador and Sonora
de Riano and the Italian ambassador
and Baroness Romano Avezzana were
the honor guests at dinner given last
evening by Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene
Meyer. jr.
Evening star., 1920-03-09

Hammond. Mrs. Rudolph Kaufman,
Mrs. Victor Kaufman, Mrs. Frank G.
Carpenter. Mrs. Samuel E. winslow.
Mrs. Joseph E. Thropp, Mrs. George
Barnett. Mrs. James Hustled, Mrs.
Howard Reside, Mrs. James c. Fra
ger and Mrs. George Walcott
The date of the meeting, called in
the interest of womens education
generally and of Smith Colle-e,
Northampton, Mass, in particular,
had to be advanced because of Presi-
dent Nelson's early departure for
California. In addition to the college
president, Mrs. Josephine Dodge Das-
kan Bacon, the author. who is a
graduate of the institution, will also
be one of the speakers before the as
Evening star., 1920-03-09
Brilliant Diplomatic Reception.

The seventeen birthday anniversary
of the President cf E2echoslovalsia a.
Thomas Garrigue Masaryk, was cele-
5ratsd with greater form and cere-
mony than has ever attended the an
niversary of any head of foreign
government in Washington. his son.
Nj. Jan Mlsaryk, counselor and
charge d'affaires for. that country.
taking up the spirit of his country
men and turning the event into a ma
tional holiday. Several hundred guests
from administrative and official diplo-
matte and resident society were
guests of Mr. Masaryk in the ball
rooms of the New Willard. and Miss
Margaret Wilson, daughter of the
President, was an early guest and
personally carried fluctuations from
her father. who had previously recog-
nized the day in official form.
Never was a reception more dis
tinctive. there being a particular at
mosphere of hospitality about it. and
yet a marked degree of formality and
elegance. Nine. Emmy Destinn. a
grand opera singer of Czechoslovakia,
thrilled the audience with the Bo-
hemian Freedom Song" and gave
with great feeling a number of the
favorite songs of the president of the
Evening star., 1920-03-09

Hamilton Lewis. Mr.. Samuel Gompers,
Col. and Mrs. Sherman Miles, Mr.. and
Mrs. Effingham Lawrence Townsend,
Gen. and Mrs. Charles B. Drake, Miss
Rarrine Drake. Col. and Mrs. Charles
w Kutz. Miss Marie Sims, Col. and
Mrs. Robert Patterson, Mr.. and Mrs.
paul Yoder. Mr.. Fred Emery, Miss
Emery. Mrs. Huron w. Lawson. Mrs.
Albert Halstead, Commander and Mrs.
Claude Mayo, Mr.. George Oakley Tot
ten and Mr.. Herbert C. Hengstler.
Evening star., 1920-03-09
Important Women to Attend.

Important Women TO Attend.
A distinguished list of patronesses
is announced for the meeting ar
ranged for o'clock next Saturday
afternoon at the residence of Mrs.
Breckinridge Long. wife of the third
assistant secretary of state, 2sZ9 ioth
street at which President William
Allan Nelson of Smith College will
be the principal speaker and guest OF
honor The list includes Mrs. Robert
Lansing. Mrs. Newton D. Baker, Mrs
Albert Sidney Burleson. Mrs. Frank
lin D. Roosevelt, Mrs: cSn BrecRlhr,ase Mss
Ernderic Delano, Mrs. Andre Brew
ster. Mrs. Edward H. Gheen. Mrs.
cary r. Grayson, Mrs. john Hays
Evening star., 1920-03-09
semblage. which promises to be 9

semblage, which promises to be q
notable one.
Representative and Mrs. Frank L.
Smith have returned to Washington
from a visit of several weeks at their
home in Illinois.
The marriage of Miss Elizabeth
Noyes Boyd. daughter Of Mrs. George
w. Boyd, 125 South 22d street. Phila-
delphia. and Mr.. Paul de Hoff Reed of
Washington. formerly of Lancaster.
Pa. will be celebrated at 4 O'Clock on
Saturday, April 10. in ST. James Epis-
copal Church, 22d and Walnut streets.
The ceremony will be performed by
Rev. DR.. John Mockridge, rector of
Evening star., 1920-03-09

the church. and will be followed by, a
reception at the home Of the brides
mother Miss Boyd will be attended
by Miss Jane p. p. Maule as maid Of
1Confinued On Pace q 7Sri,,.no y.
The Marietta journal. (Marietta, Ga.) 1918-1944, 1920-06-18
Acknowledgment

The marriage of Miss Alice An
derson and DIR Trimble johnson
will be an interesting event of
June %, taking place in Marietta
at the First Presbyterian church
at 7 80 O'Clock in the evening.
DR.. J. HI. Patton Will be the Of
Floating minister
The bridesmaids will be Miss
Sara Patton, Miss Irene Malone,
Miss Cora Brown and Miss Julia
Anderson.
Mrs. Howard McPhail of At
lanta will be her sisters matron
of honor.
The groomsmen will be DR..
Wilson Ratliffe, DR.. john Fits,
DIR, Calhoun McDougall, and DR..
Cliff Brannen.
DIR. Robert N. Holland will act
as best man.
The ushers will be Mr.. Ralph
Northcutt, Mr. Lindley Camp, Mr.
William Holland and Mr.. Guy
Northcutt.
Mrs James T. Anderson Of Ma
rietta will entertain the bridal
party at dinner preceding the re-
hearsal on Friday evening of
June 18.
Sundays Atlanta journal.
Much interest is felt here over
the approaching marriage of Miss
Anderson, one of Marietta s love-
Hest daughters.