davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
INDIAN JUSTICE OF OLD DAYS; BLACKFEET
BRAVES PUNISHMENT OF RUNAWAY WIFE

That the women of the Blackfeet
nation were among the most v%irtuous
of the western tribes was being
brought out in a discussion which
took place at the agency on the
Blackfeet reservation a number of
years ago when Joseph Kipp was still
among the living and at which time
he related an anecdote of the early
Indian days to bear out that conten-
ton.
"The early explorers and adven-
turers in the west" said Colonel
Kipp, found a wide diversity in the
social customs of the Indian tribes.
Among some, for instance, the purity
of women was held to be the greatest
of virtues, while to others it was of
an unknown quantity. There were
the eros Ventres, Crows and Crees,
utterly deprayed in this respect. On
the other hand no people were more
modest and virtuous than the Chey-
ennes, and none guarded their honor
more closely than the Blackfeet. But
while the Cheyenne women were Writ
uous merely from pride in their
good name, l fear the latter were
so in most cases from fear of the
fate which awaited those who strayed
the straight and narrow path, a
punishment the most severe ever de-
by man for the suppression of
infidelity. 1 saw several administra-
lions of this cruel law during my long
residence with the Blackfeet, and in
one case my sympathies we're with
The victim.
Silver Leaf, Tribal Belle
There was a young woman in the
camp named Silver Leaf, daughter of
he Turtle, a man SO INDECENT that he
was very poor. He was fond of tell
.ng everyone that he would not al
be poor. Look at that girl
lie was wont to say; there isn't as
handsome a one in the whole world;
when she grows up some one will
give me enough for her to make me
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

and even rs horses. Turtle laugh
ed and shook his head. No one in
the whole tribe felt that he could
spare more, and the girl remained
in her fathers lodge.
cat this time there was a young
man in my employ named Bearhead.
He was saving and ambitious, and in
a little while he collected a nice band
of horses, and had also a number of
robes, blankets and guns, besides
other things which constituted the
wealth of the red men.
"'Why do you suppose / am work
ing so hard and saving all I can?' he
asked me one day.
"'Oh, I don't know l replied, 'un-
less it is just to get you a nice young
wife,
Admired Silver Leaf
That's just it, he said, I'm go
ing to marry Silver Leaf one of these
81 laughed and told him the sooner
he gave up that idea the better it
would be for his peace of mind; that
it was well known Turtle had refus-
ed rs head of horses for her.
"No one in this tribe can pay
more for her. he replied, so l have
of time in which to make a
offer. About a year from
l will have at least a hundred
horses. Turtle will not refuse a herd
Of that size
"Bearhead had never spoken to
Silver Leaf up to this time, and now
wanted to let her know his plans.
de schemed around a long time
Watching for his chance, but the old
mother neve left her alone. At last
lie prevailed upon me to employ them
o do the women's work about my
'ost and one day, when the old wo-
nan went to the river for water, he
the girl and talked rapid
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
DEER LODGE GIRL
TELLS OF CILICIA
MISS ELDRED RETURNS FROM
NEAR EAST STATION IN
ADANA
1t as the City of Daily Mas
sacres; Disorder Is Constant;
French Lack of Diplomacy Said 20
be Causing Much Trouble; Arme-
mans Faith in America.

"a City of Daily Massacres," such
is the description Miss Irene Eldred
of Deer Lodge drew of the city of
Adana, Cilicia, recently reported eva
cuated by the French after a siege by
Turkish Nationalist that has lasted
since June %.
Miss Eldred has just returned to
the United States after IS months
service in Cilicia and Constantinople
with the Near East Relief. Loath to
abandon work among the native
Christians, she was compelled tt re-
turn home because of a severe at
tack of malaria and relapsing fever
contracted in the Cilician city.
Boiling Pot of Unrest
'Cilicia is a boiling pot of unrest
which had just commenced to seethe
when / left" she said. There was
constant disorder in Adana. Almost
every day there would be some shoot
ing affair that started the rumor of
al impending massacre. The con-
fusion was frightful. The Armenians
would slam closed the iron shutters
of their shops and run screaming to
the roofs or to the American COM
pOuhu. lnSy ndu GREAT ldiln III LU6
Americans and constantly consulted
the relief workers. This confidence
was largely shared by the Turks, who
were always on the alert to gain u
friendship"
Upon French lack OF diplomacy in
their relations with the Turks Miss
Eldred blamed much of the RESPONSE
bility for conditions in Cilicia.
Whenever they came into a town
they would infuriate the Moslems by
Immediately hauling down the Turk
flag and running up the %tri-color.
Furthermore, they impressed the Ar
menians into their army, thus bring
down upon the latter the wrath
of the Turks. 1t seemed as if their
army had come merely to get what
ever they could for France and not
any protection to the Arme-
mans or other native Christians"
Thousands of Lives Saved
Activities of the Near East Relief,
according to Miss Eldred, have been
responsible for the saving of thous-
of lives in Adana and the neigh
districts. These activities, she
must be continued until the
situation clarifies.
Miss Eldred served during the war
IS a reconstruction aid at Camp
0evins, Mass. She was previously
in welfare work in New
York City.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
ties they paid taxes on 100000 cat

ties they paid taxes on 100000 cat
tie.
I remember that they shipped
$4,000 beeves in 81, by far the big
gest shipment ever made by one
outfit in Montana. 1t was mostly a
steer outfit, and as steers will scat
ter out a lot they had to have a lot
of "Reps' out.
While Kid White worked for
other outfits a short time, for years
he was with the Mn and the fact
that he was sent out to 'rep" is
enough to prove he was a good
cowpuncher and was trusted by his
wagon boss. Charlie lie Noir told
me one day that you could sure tie
to Kid White and that is the great
est compliment you could pay to
a nan on the range. A rep" had
to be a good fellow, a good mixer
and he had to be good on brands,
and above all loyal to his outfit,
and they all were; they had to be,
or leave the range. Believe me, it
was no picnic repping for those
big outfits, as they were always
putting in cattle and ran all kinds
of brands, and some of the men
had to rep for a whole range, but
they hardly ever overlooked a bet.
Always we'll mounted, no "rep"
would start out with a poor string.
They would pack their bed and war
bag on a gentle horse and string
out. Some were gone all summer
and would go hundreds of miles
from the home ranch. Their word
was law in regard to all the cattle
they represented, calves branded
and the beef shipped. REPS"
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
Valier's Big Crops

Irrigated lands in the Waller coun-
try have averaged big yields this
year according to threshermen's re-
ports, who have completed operations
in this section in all grains except
flax. Rains fell at opportune times.
w. M. Waymen's wheat threshed
out 81 bushels to the acre; Henry
Sill's wheat averaged 40 bushels and
his oats 88 bushels. w. A. Parker's
wheat ran 80 bushels and NJ. ]. An
derson's alfalfa yielded three tons to
the acre. George Ebner's flax yield
ed 10 bushels to the acre.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
By Teddy Blue

| have written a lot about wagon
bosses, so now | will try and tell
you about Reps cowpunchers
who worked on the outside, repres-
enting the outfit they rode for. The
subject of this sketch, ]. D. O'Mal-
ley, better known as Kid White,
was born on the Choncho in Texas
and came UP to Fort Keogh in
1876. His father was a soldier and
he was raised around Fort Keogh
and Miles City. In 1884, Major
Logan, the commander Of Fort
Keogh, started a small COW outfit
on the Little Dry, called the An
Choir HI. | remember seeing the
outfit when they crossed the Vel
lowstone just above the fort, and
Kid White was with it. Then the
MN bought it out and ran the big
gest outfit in Montana. That out
fit sure played the game big. 1t
was reported on the range that in
Custer, Dawson and Valley coun-
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

saved their outfits thousands of
cattle. They were honest as day,
would fight for their outfit any
time. In fact, any cowpuncher
would. After Mcnamara & Mar
low bought the MN and moved
and shipped the cattle, Kid White
saw, as hundreds of others did,
that the game was about played
out, and he went to Deer Lodge
and was a guard there for Frank
Conley for two years. firing of
that, he drifted east and there
pretty girl got her rope on him and
broke him plumb gentle, and he
never fought the rope either. He
lives at Eau Claire, Wisconsin, and
was on the police force for several
years, but has quit that now.
letter he writes me tells of
craving for Montana. He has
one child, a little girl, and I'll bet
my hat against a cigarette paper
that she runs the outfit. Ny adj
vice to his wife is to pack their
bag and go straight to Miles
then take him out to the
of Sunday creek and just
turn him loose one day and let
him Craze awhile on his old range
and the next election he will run
,or office. You see, I sure know
hose old cowpunchers.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

later the Blood chief arrived with a
few of his kin, and another council
was held, composed of all the leading
men iii the tribe. 1t gave the Blood
full power to disfigure his wife as
he chose, according to the ancient
law.
Punishment of Unfaithful Wife
about moo we heard the camp
crier shouting:
Listen, listen to the words of the
chief; you are all to assemble at his
lodge; there to witness the punish
ment of an unfaithful wife. All wo-
men. especially, are required to be
present.
81 did not wish to see the cruel
spectacle but went with Bearhead to
prevent him doing anything rash.
There was a great crowd around the
lodge and presently Many-White-
Horses came forth, then the Turtle,
then the chief and some warriors,
two of the latter leading Silver Leaf
between them. She apparently was
as calm as could be and looked about
coldly at the crowd, until she saw
Bearhead at my side; then for an
instant q bliSAb oulAAC III up heI
face.
Listen said the Blackfeet chief
This woman, as you all know, has
committed a great crime; mark well
the punishment, you wives especially,
and see that it does not fall to your
lot some day to receive the same
1.-THE men on either side of Silver
Leaf now grasped her more firmly
by the arms and another seized her
head and held it firmly. Then Many
White Horses took a long, keen knife
in one hand, took hold of her nose
with the other, and with one clean,
deliberate stroke, sliced it off from
the bridge to the lip. The men loos-
ened their hold and she sank to the
ground.
There said the Blood to the
take back your daughter and
give me my horses
emo, no. Turtle shouted. 1T was a
fair bargain. I will not give back
the horses; I will not take my daugh-
err !
"'Hush,' said the chief, the horses
are no longer yours; return them at
1nce.'
Let him take them, them he
,ried, shaking his fist at her, you
lave ruined me. I will not own
you.'
at will, them said Bearhead,
stepping forward and gently raising
Ter from the ground. You have
her face, but you could not
spoil her heart; that was always
nine
''That was the way the Blackfeet
administered their law"
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
Clusters Last Trooper Passes

Frank Fleck, believed to have
been Americas last survivor of Gus
ter's band Of Indian fighters, was
killed by an automobile on a subur-
ban road near Chicago a few days
ago. He was 70 years old. Fleck,
a ship carpenter, had made his resi-
dence here for many years. When
Clusters troops were mustered to
pursue Indian renegades he was at
to Reno's division. He suf-
fered four bullet wounds and escaped
Reno's troops which had be-
come separated from Custer.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

ated by congress as the next national
monument, according to assurances
Just received from Washington.
The significance of Stephen T. Ma
theirs recent visit to Helena has be-
come apparent since public announce
ment was made by the Helena Com
mercial club that the "Gate of the
Mountains" is being most favorably
considered by the National Park Ser
vice for designation. In this event,
Montana will have two national parks
and two national monuments-Yel-
lowstone and Glacier national parks;
the Lewis and Clark avern near
and 1.-THE Gate of the
Mountains" national monuments.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

plorers, in the early 180Os. 1t is a
22-mile canyon cut by the Missouri
river through the Big Belt mountains.
1t resembles the Yosemite in the ma
ture of its cliffs and the height of
it's rock formations. In the Yosemite,
however, one rides up the canyon
floor by motor car. At Helena, the
trip must be made by boat because
the river, half a mile wide, is bound
in solidly by sheer rock walls tower
ing to heights of $500 feet above the
water. The rock is white limestone,
which would be dazzling to the eyes
were it not for the pine and fir trees
which have gained %precarious foot
hold in the stone and relieve with
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

the wealthiest man in the whole
tribe
"Silver Leaf developed into as tall,
slender and graceful a young woman
as anyone would wish to see, barring
her complexion, which was dark, of
course, and she was as modest and
we'll behaved as she was handsome.
The young men gazed upon her hope
lessly; the older ones counted their
herds and figured how many head
they could possibly give in order to
secure her hand. One after another
they made their offers of 20, 40, SO
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

cursion of its kind in the world.
There is nothing like it in any of the
parks. Lovers of the Yosemite will
love The Gate of the Mountains, and
lovers of the rugged Rockies and ma
lures beauties everywhere will re-
joice in The perpetuation of this mag
nificent piece of scenery as it exists
today and as it existed in the day of
Lewis and Clark"
Max Goodsill, secretary of the
Helena Commercial club, predicted
that the adding of another national
monument to Montana's already
notable scenic triumphs would serve
greatly to increase the number of
visitors and tourists.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

Nebraska's bumper corn crop, esti-
mated at 251,619,000 bushels, is
proving a worry to the farmers of
the state. According to F. A. Ken
needy, secretary of the state labor &c
partment, farmers in all sections of
have appealed to him for
hands to assist in the husking of the
corn.
I'VE could easily place 5000 corn
huskers in the ~state,'' Kennedy said,
adding that unemployed men in east
ern cities will find plenty OF work in
the Nebraska corn belt if they will
come, where farmers are paying from
6 to 8 cents a bushel.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
Gold Placers in Lincoln

Placer mining activities are in
creasing on Libby creek, where much
gold has been taken out. Sidney M.
Logan of Kalispell has employed
George Mckay, Duncan Mcdonald
and William Criderman to work his
placer claim near Bear creek hill on
Libby creek. Some good values have
been found in the sands near the road
on the claim. 1t is thought that
when modern machinery is installed
in the district much gold will be res
covered.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

ly to her until her mother was seen
returning. A little later he came
over to where | was sitting and said
that she had not spoken a word to
him. But them he continued, she
did not drive me away; she stopped
her work and listened, and that is
a good sign, I think
$50 it proved. The courtship be-
gan in June and by November the
girl was as much in love with Bear
head as he was with her. The season
for robe hunting began and Bearhead
was kept away. One day some Blood
Indians, a branch of the Blackfeet
tribe, came from the Saskatchewan to
visit the camp. A few evenings later
a big, fat, wheeling old brave stalked
into the trade room, followed by a
half dozen women staggering beneath
the bundles of robes they carried.
Fall back, fall back he said pom
pously. Make room for a chief when
he comes to trade The crowd
moved at once, leaving him the whole
length of the counter. These dog
white men, he continued after a lit
tie, addressing the crowd and point
ing to me, don't know how to treat
one who comes to buy their low class
goods; never a drink nor smoke is
offered
Many-White-Horses Wins
81 smiled pleasantly and, asking
him to excuse my oversight, invited
him to a seat behind the counter,
gave him a cup of whisky and filled
a big stone pipe. Presently he order
ed his wives to open their bundles,
and l agreed to give him $40 for
them. Then the trade began. He I
bought blankets, red and blue cloth,
beads, brass rings and bracelets, al
most exclusively.
"FYou must intend to get mar
ried,' l said jokingly.
"I do he replied, tomorrow the
Silver Leaf becomes my wife
when he had gone the b%ystanders
told me that he was a great chief
named Many-White-Horses; that he
owned many hundred horses, all pure
white, and that he had given Turtle
100 Of them for his daughter. On
the following day the Bloods con-
their visit and left for the
north. Silver Leaf cried and strug-
gled so, refusing to be separated from
her mother that the other wives of
chief were ordered to lash her on
horse which one of them led, to
make sure she would not escape.
"In a week Bearhead returned
nearly crazy with grief. It's too late
1ow,' l said, to do anything. OF
she is now beyond your reach.
Try to forget her and look for some
one else.'
"'There will never be anyone else
or me- he replied. we were prom
sed to each other and nothing will
US. Do not argue with me for
must do what is in my mind
Il said no more and the next morn
ng he was missing; also my two best
he had gone in pursuit of
silver Leaf. On the evening of the
ourth day after he left me, he ar
ived at the Blood camp, sent word
o Silver Leaf of his presence and
ranged a meeting with her. The
ext night the couple left the camp
nobserved, and a couple of days
ater arrived home, having travelled
ay and night in their hurry.
There was no end of excitement
the news of their escapade
pread. Turtle was wild with rage;
e called a council of the chiefs and
hey decided he had a right to seize
Is daughter and remove her to his
lodge. This was done in spite
I B~earhead's protests. A few days
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
Will Start Fox Farm

Believing the raising of black foxes
to be more profitable than that of
cattle or hogs, Albert and Adolph
Praast of Ovando have purchased a
pair of black foxes from the fox farm
at Fond du Lac, Wis, which are val
ued at $4,000. They already have
a pair secured from the farm near
Missoula.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
"GATE OF THE MOUNTAINS NEAR HELENA
MAY BE DESIGNATED A NATIONAL MONUMENT

There are II national parks and "a
national monuments in the United
States.
1.-THE Gate of the Mountains" was
named by Lewis and Clark, the ex-
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

Montana may secure national rec
ognition for another of her natural
scenic wonders. "The Gate of the
Mountains" between Helena and
Great Falls, will probably be design
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

their deep green the blazing white
ness of the rocks.
The canyon is unique" said Mr..
Mather. F"It should be preserved as
it is. The 22-mile boat trip is un-
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11
KID" WHITE WAS
AN OLD TIME REP
ONE OF BEST COWPUNCHERS
WHO RODE RANGE CAME TO
FORT KEOGH AS A BOY

Was Born in Texas, and Knew the
Cow Business from Time He Was
Able to Toddle; Worked for the
Biggest Range Outfits in Montana
Until the Farmers Came.
The Wolf Point herald. (Wolf Point, Mont.) 1913-1940, 1920-11-11

j. ID. O'MaIley, known on the
range as kid White and the 'N-
N Kid" Born on the Choncho, in
Texas, he came up to Fort Keogh,
on the Yellowstone, in 1876, when
a small boy. In 1884 he started TO
work for Major Logan, command
er of Fort Keogh, who started a
small cow outfit on the Big Dry,
called the Anchor-H-L outfit. The
Nottingham Brothers of ST. Louis
bought in and made it the biggest
outfit in Montana after the hard
winter of 1869. In 1891 they
shipped $4,000 head of beef, the
the largest number ever shipped in
any one year by any one outfit.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-02-18
SOUTH SIDE

\ beautiful soyon-room bungalow hardwood floors.
built-iu features. three bedrooms good basement,
furnace heat; $500. arrange terms.
MANGAN REALTY co.
Cli MAYO ELpG CEDAR ~
MEMBER TULSA REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-02-18
BROADMOOR BUNGALOW

New, six rooms ana breakfast room, French door,
ivory finish hardwood floors, Hle bath. base tub.
buiIt-in features throughout lots Of large closets
attractive manteI good basement, brick front. ga
rage and au cast front; good terms.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-02-18
SOUTH SIDE
BUNGALOW HOME

ON corner lot in most desirable location, seven
rooms ana breakfast room, double French door cu-
trance, crnter living room with beautiful mantci la
rear of room, French doors opening into dining
room; very beautifully decorated; bcamcd ceilings.
chandelier. ceiling aud wall lights; three largo bed.
chambers, each with outside AZ well inside on
trance; two baths. one between two bedrooms and
ono connected with third bedroom; heavy oak floors
In best possible condition; enclosed back porch load
ing 10 large well and storage room. Basement under
entire house fitted for laundry part Of basement
might easily be made into den or dancing room;
combination furnace: most convenient built in fea
turos IN dining room and kitchen two-Csir garage
and extra large, modern servants quarters. Garage
light switch on back porch
This huus" was built for q home and absolutely
expense spared to make II complete 10 the
smallest detail nud as convenient ana luXuriou. ~
possible lot could not bo purchased aud same nous"
built today for $1,000 moro than is asked tor this
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-02-18
HOME AND INVESTMENT

Close FOO property. House oC n rooms ON front ~
lot ator, ON rear Lot rs j0Nli0 ana fronts on two
streets. 80 feet aud 40 feet the other Tho
largo residence in front VIII rent for so or moro
month. Tho other front used for an apartment
site VIII make n invcsimcut proposition most iu.
ytinE. closest investigation urged
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-02-18
SUNSET PARK

Fine south and cast front brick home just south Of
Maple Ridge, entrance hall living room. sun paror
diniug room breakfast room. butlers pantry.
Kitchen and aNaiory downstairs three bcdroOus
sleeping porch aud bath ON second floor. Iarg,
beautifully finished room on third floor Lot has
over 200 feet frontage on Sunset Drive.