The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1920-04-30

"a complete understanding OF tho
subject which I have been asked to
discuss can not be had without an
understanding Of tho. general prlnci-
ples OF government. Chief among
these, perhaps, In the principle Of
HoverfiRnty. The supreme court OF
the United States In an early case
defined sovereignty as The right to
sovereign doubt u q better denni-
ton can De found. Every govern
nicnt prcsupposos q supreme uuthor-
ny. In an absolutely monarchy. or
course, this final nuthority-aov-
ereignty-is lodged In a single indi-
Nidual-the monarch. lie makes b
laws. interpreir the laws aud exc
cutes the laws and incidentally exec
ute the people who disobey the
Laws. or az least. under that system
r theory Of government he has the
right 10 do so. He IL the sovereign.
an others are subjects. and have no
rlHnts whatsoever except such ~ he
permits them ia exercise. The will
% the sovereign is the law of the
lana
This T. o 80 far afield from the
uiblact OF American citizenship as %
may OF first seem. FOR here. though
We have no monarch, we have SOW
creienty, and hore. also IN these
Tnifed States the will OF the sovereign
H. n law OF the land. In theory
American sovereignty IL no different
from Turkish or Japanese sovereignty
"a Tar as quality and quantity are
concerned. The difference lies only
in is Judgement and its exercise. but
h u this difference which makes
American citizenship OF Importance
aud n priceless possession. American
sovereignty aud American citizenship
are i~useparahly related, u not idenu-
caily The same. for. as was said BY
chief Justice JAY for the supreme
court, In the case Just referred to:
Al the revolution, the sovereignty
developed on the people; ana thyy are
truely the soverolgns Of The country,
but they are sovoreigns without sub
i~euta-and have none TO govern hut
themselves: tho citizens Of America
are equal as fcilow-ciuzcns and as
Joint tenants In the sovereignty
Again no supreme court Of the
United states. speaking this time
through CHIEF Justice fancy In the
famous bred scott decision said.
The words people of the United
states ana citizens are synonymous
terms, and menn the same thing ThcN
both describe the political body who
a%ccording TO our republican iusiltu-
ions. from the sovereignty. and whu
hold the power and conduct the gov
v ANNNNNN NNNNNNNAA NNNHN N'N"N
lives They are what We fHmiliurly
can the sovereign people and every
citizen b. one OF this people, aud a
constituent member of this soy
creignty.
American Sovereignty. Therefore.
~ not lodged IN the president. nor in
congress. nor in the states, but In the
people themselves. aud the various
Officers OF the government from
policeman Co president. are merely
the nnents employed Tor the exercise
Of the sovereignty Of American cit-
zenship. This. then. h the foundation
for our valued American liberties ana
for our rights as citizens.
With these principles clearly In
mind a. would seem unnecessary To-
discuss the rights Of American cit-
zenship, hecaus q right iH merely
freedom from Interference ur re-
straint In our acts and conduct and
lf We are the sovereign ana, thore-
fore. responsible to no one but ur-
selves. our rights are unlimited, uu-
loss. and except insofar as W. choose
In limit them. OF course. ! am
speaking now. not from the stand
point OF morals. but from that Of
civics and sociology. our rights are
not granted. they are inherent So.
then. 70 study Of the rights ct Amer
lean citizens becomes. really. e study
of the limitations which We have
seen ft to place upon their exercise
aud enjoyment. Perhaps I should re-
mind YOU here OF something which
YOU already recognize. that each in
di,idual citizen h not the sovereign,
but that tho sovereignty is vested IN