The St. Mary banner., 1920-08-28


derided and Kissed by the men in her |
audiences as ''freak of nature IN |
dismayed. she carried the campaign |
to congress and to the states. During |
the Civil war she demanded that Wom- |
en- be given equal rights with the new
" enfranchised negroes. The answer !
she got was: This is the negro'S |
hour" For several years after the
Civil war Miss Anthony endeavored to
secure an Interpretation of the four
teenth and fifteenth amendments
which would allow women to vote
Finally, in 1872 st Rochester, n. y,
she tried to force an Interpretation by
voting at the polls. She was arrested
and fined. She refused to pay the
fine, but was not sent to jail.
In 1878 Miss Anthony drafted the
amendment to the Constitution which
has now been ratified. In 1878 the
amendment was introduced i'll the SEN
ate by Senator Sargent Of California.
1t was defeated in 1887 and thereafter
was not even debated in congress un-
til 1914.
During the years the constitutional
amendment campaign was making no
progress the women won many vic
tories in the states. They secured full
suffrage in Wyoming f1S63, Colorado,
Utah and Idaho 0S3D, Washington
191O), California G91D, Kansas, Ari-
zona and Oregon U9i2), Montana ana
Nevada Q914). New York QGiO, OK
lahoma, South Dakota a1d Michigan
Q91S). They won presidential sur
frage in Illinois (1910, Nebraska
Rhode Island and North Dakota
G91O. Iowa, Wisconsin. Indiana,
Maine, Minnesota, Missouri and Ten
nessee O919) and Kentucky Q@2o).
Partial suffrage prevails IN many Of
the states. In Illinois, for example,
women vote for candidates for ali Of
fees not mentioned by the state CON
stitution.
The National American Woman
Suffrage association in 1912 opened
headouarters in Washington and be-
gan an active campaign for the
massage of the amendment. In 1916
if established branch headquarters
there which were devoted entirely to
the amendment campaign.
The National Woman's party, or
ganized in 1910 by Alice Paul, estap-
lished Washington headquarters III
1919 and introduced the militant into
the campaign.
Alice Paul-the third Quakeress TO
immortalize herself-is the spectacu-
| lar figure of the struggle. Shc Is Il
practical politician and developed the
deadliest card index on members OF
congress that practical politics Eas
ever seen. Pretty soon she was SerV-
ing notice through the White House
pickets that the president was l'e
imam higher up." The arrest OF near
lv 200 of these pickets and the imposi-
tion of iail sentences had no effect.
Incidentally Miss Paul herself served
seven terms in jail.
The amendment was beaten three
times in the senate and once Ill the
house before it was finally passed by
tho Sixty-sixth congress June 4, 1913
bv the necessary two-thirds majority
The resumption of woman suffrage
work after the Civil war was marked
by the organization in 1869 OF two ma
tional organizations: Natlonal WON
an Suffrage association, with MIS-
stanton and Miss Anthony leaders anc
haadouarters in New York; American
Woman Suffrage association, VIII
Mary A. Livermore, Julia Ward Howe
and Lucy Stone leaders and headquar
, ters in Boston. The line OF dlVlsloi
was this: The former wished Il
concentrate on the passage OF con
stitutjonal amendment; the latte
was in favor of obtaining the sur
fraee through amendments to stat
, constitutions. In 1880 the two organ
izations were united under the nam
of National American Woman SUI
faye Association, and work wa
= nushed along both lines Of endeavol
, Mrs. Stanton was president unit
1902 Miss Anthony served unit
, 1900, rcsigning at the age OF eight!
Mrs. Carrie Chapman Gait was 1t
a head 19OO-l9O4. DR.. Anna Howar
|, Shaw, recently deceased and possibi
y hest loved of all the leaders-a won
an of transcendent gifts and elt
\ ouence-was president until 1917
h Mrs. Gait was then again choser
] Mrs Frank Leslie left large legac
\ to Mrs. Gait to be used In the worl
Il The National association made a.
! rangements at the st. Louis convel
q ton of 1919 to dissolve its organize
a tion and become the League of Won
| -, uo+o,e Those ARRANGEMENTS bt