davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1920-03-05

Last Saturday The regular meet
Ing OF the executive commitiee Of
the Luna County Farm Bnrecu aud
Livestock Bureau was held Al the
farm bureau Office. The following
seven 81 the ten members we're
present: Hugh Ramsey, l.. &. Pax
ton. J. G. Ingram. q. ID Hatfield. H.
y. Barto. Dr. y. Bowen and L. l..
Gaskill. Those who are members OF
the committee but we're not present
are y Nordhaus. p. ). Case and j..
b. Anderson.
Zach Of The members OF the COM
mitlee are leaders Of one or more
Of the county projects TO promots
agriculture within the county. Each
was called on by President Ramsey
10 report the progress Of his work.
Mr.. Barto, chairman Of The cotton
and Irish potato projects reported
that enough cotton seed Of the Me-
bane and Durango varieties was
ordered TO plant about 100 = 10
this crop. Relative 10 Irish pota
toes Il was learned that because of
The very high price Of seed many
who wanted 10 grow this crop may
now decline. Prices on only two
varieties, tho Bliss Triumph and the
Irish Cobbler could be obtained.
Those who wanted % plant tho.
Mcclure's Red and The Early Ohio
may be- disappointed. The Farm
ers' Association has sent out quo
tations ON the two former varieties
and an those who wish this seed are
urged 10 make financial arrange
menls for the same before the or
der Is placed.
~. C. Ingram reported on sweet
potato growing. Ne said that the
outlook for the marketing Of the
crop Is good and that he would do
do all he could 10 help growers TO
work out their curing and storing
problems. He also reported that no
meeting has as yet been held OF the
truck growers 10 plan the acreage
OF different varieties Of truck crops
hut that such . meeting would b.
called soon.
Or. u. Bowen. chairman OF tho
pest control projects. reported that
little had been done 20 his Inns.
However, The control Of the stalk
horer came up for serious discus
sion, and Il was the opinion Of Tho
committee that every effort posse
BILE should be made 70 pillow out and
burn all Of the corn stuhble N
which the pest Is now alternating,
Unless this 10 done al once, u was
thought that this crop would be
practically ruined tbs coming sea-
son.
Mr. Hatfield, chairman OF the corn
variety demonstration. reported
that nothing up 10 the present had
been done IN his hue and he asked
20 be released from heading this
project rs he was not much inter-
esled ia corn production. Mt. l. 2
Paxton was appointed In his place
Mr.. l.. L. Gaskill chairman 81 lhf
marketing OF feld crops and buy
ing farm supplies projects. report
I'd on the ordering Of the potato
seed and cotton seed and The status
Of tho Farmers Association tahlnl
" the agency Of the Iniernstiona
Harvester Company. On account
OF soyiiille machinery being wanted
This coming season u appears tina
n would not be hest for The asso'
citation 10 take over this agency
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1920-03-05
GOOD NEWS FROM OWN
THE SUNSHINE STATE

New mill AZ Solan0 - started
Roswell Fins TO build N0.oO0
home.
Ration gets home builders usso-
citation.
nio Arriha county oil field Erow-
ing active.
pecos Valley well full Of oil wall /
ing for construction Of concrete
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1920-03-05
WOMEN IN NEW MExlc0 WILL
SIR As @. o =. DELEGATES

Santa he, n. NJ. March b-When
The republican state convention on
March 26 meets 10 name DELEGATES
lo me national convention, u wiii
he lhn nrsl time N history Of me
uarfV N This STATE that women are
admlled as delegates !.
l.una county Will be represented
~ four ladies Every one y anxious
10 know their names.
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1920-03-05


lnlrndtnt r. H. Myers r~cnarth|1
llle dleconilnuancf ~ trains l00 md
~ ~ ihe Anfhr Mnpns| hrtneh
on sunday The fohlfnis "a No Nv
ers letter was submitted ~ Iilt
Mayor 81 he town Of CIInnftun. N.
NJ. and nfhfr riI|tmn ~ that COM
munliy on Nov "a and lhn fnmmit-
sion aIto wired Nr. HaI4 Holt1n.
regional director on the Same dar
relative 10 This matter ~ dlsran-
tinulne the luo iraint on Sunday
on the Rocky Mountain branch. e.
fcctivo November ~. wherein va
advised NJ. Holdcn that the noenle
Of Cimnrron and other points along
that line should not be- deprived 81
Tho Sunday train services unIess n
was absolutely necessary - an
emergency measure 20 conserve
coal After considerable correspond
cncn between the commission. The
citizens II Cimnrrun through their
Mayor. Mr.. Webster. and General
superintendent G. n. Bristol, and
Hale Holden, also n conference In
the Office % the commission on
Nov. ~. The commission efanted
authority 10 discontinue irslns 10
and 10 on che Rocky Mountain
branch. effective December I fol- a
period " sixty days. pending fur
lher Investigation ~ the commits
sion ~ 10 The ncccsally therefor.
IA partc No. 2 Was issued and
sirncd by the full commission. aud
after The coal shortage and famine
were over va anain icpk the mall
ter up with Mr.. Holden and Mr..
Bristol on Drr. 10. rslline their
attention 10 the order issued By The
commission nnd asked them 20 re-
store. AZ once. The Sunday train ser-
vcir. On Dec. ~ the commission
received n petition and resolution
unanimously passed by The plllsre
council ~ Cimarr0n askiua The
commission 10 do everything poesi-
hle "a see that the sunday service
yss restored. This wa submitted
10 The proper officials 81 he rail-
road compuny and after cons der
able correspondence and confer
sncee' y uhe''o ~
'ne sunnn'sslp" ".s ~. -
Sonoiu-l"h sn" "n W
'an.sty. ~. ''susu
's'an''sn,ns wv usn
\" ~ ~ "n. S-
:. n@,- -,
nsuDn a"n .asa 49,.
Nano san a. No.
sS,u n.a.aS ~ Il
W. u'a, a., AZ.
sp"s'" .heeu.. ~
M an.a ~ 10
y e''s ~.,nansna e.nn, ~
.e.'e s-,, -s.~--r ~
~ p". VA eears. 4, ne
ars"n W, NV ~ ss ~. "a
"sn'I' s"a ", ,tsine
w.. upn so.
ins, IVY W.
WIN w ,aA. ~ III
NUN - .h AZ.
~ "vN 49, ~ ~.
Iotn a"n W. ,s.o
cause "'s e''
osose. No 80
This complaint was brought ~
The attention Of the commission un
November I by n :. Couroy, county
agricultural agent. Valencia county,
complaining Of the delay ~ the o..
nNels rrh,s
non .,s,,aS ~ an. 49,
80 A. sa,a~e.n aen-
prli",sua.na M p~-o
.sasn. ,hc
$50 -" snA au.r .,r,e
- ,ne corr,
49, ..s. e-n.,nsno
W ers ~ ...re s.ayieci
! ;o,o ~ le,,er frsm
u.a rers,ss,den ~ AZ
,nr E~nr.ss rom-
- 49, ~ ron-.v MA
I NUNINH NNMNAMM NMMN W. N"FN' -
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1920-03-05

Prospects point 10 q lhoroueh lnaf
IN cotton growing IN Luna County
this year. 30 far ihiriy-livc farmers
haso ordered seed Amounting 20 ap-
proxlmaic|y 1900 POUNDS. II The
seed y planted a the rate Of ~
pounds 70 ne acre. u mean that
approximately 80 ncres will be
planted. We be|IoVe. however. that
there viii be some alumping on
this acreage before tho planting Il
DOM.
The Farmers Association 80 far
has been ahIo 10 get prices only
on The Mobanc and Durango vario-
ties. Eight thousand pounds Of Me-
bane and 1000 pounds Of Durango
encd have been ordered from Eddy
county. The Aebano will coet %
per pound aud the Durango o. per
pound I. o. b. points ID Eddy couu-
~. The sacking will be extra.
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1920-03-05
Ao0 ACRES PlANIED
TO COTTON IN LUNA
COUNTY THIS YEAR
1900 POUNDS Of SEED HERE

Farm nucrpu Executive cqsnm'iscc
Has bio Aiccitna I1nfh Ramsey
T. q paAion. 4. g. lnnFama a. y.
Hatfield, Il. u. hnrto. Ur h. nuscn
nld 4. 4. cnsAiIl Were Speakers
H. g. Paxton 1slserrds q. y. Hat
ilcid Who Isn't Interested m Corn.
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1920-03-05


This cause was brought 10 The a.
loniion Of the commission b. the
state Highway Engineer. 4. A. uii-
lett, on July & 1919. calling The
Commissions attention 10 The ralns
on gravel. Fort sumner 70 Clovis
aad Texico. The cuiienis ol NJ. H}l-
lelt's complaint were submllled 10
Mr.. c. c. Dana. Assistant General
Freight Agent. Amarillo. Texas. IN
July 3. asking him 20 investigate
the matter and 10 arronan ~ hete
the rates reduced % a basis nhlcn
will permit lhr shipping "a nesfd.
After some correspondence between
this commission aud Mr. lnnAe
Office, together with Nj. 0iliofi
State Highway Engineer wr urrt
advised Is letter lrom Nr Ham Oh
brromhcr 20 tlai Va eafrlfslenA
% 90 lhelr lafln NJ HlH fIH
December %. 1914 they had nuN
liahed q rate II 0 CENTS ger rNI o.
and end nlateI. eRfl1ads tsNn FpIt
sumner N Ciafi, md fssisn fhis
information was tHbM|lfl1 ff MI
GHielt end not hnflna frrl4 'a|
hun, the commlsaion has Y
for granted lhol lhn rat8
llislied II enl fflf aaiisIa 1faIf
department. ana no tan1H
Il cietcd Ffh "a 1890
New-York tribune., 1920-08-03
Friends Donate 5000 Funeral
For Cobbler's Pet Canary

The dingy little shop of Emidio Rus
somanno, a sixty-tive- year old cobbler,
at S Boydcn Street, Newark, was closed
yesterday. A piece Of Grape hung on
the door. On the inside Emidio Russo
marno, his wife, and their twelve chill
eren were clustered around tiny cof-
fin measuring II by 6 inches and lined
with red silk. In the coffin lay Jimmie,
a dead canary.
Jimmie was the cobbler's prize pet
Sunday night Russomanno heard a Gut.
tering ana rustling and sputterins in
Jimmie's cage. He rushed in and
found the bird dead. Jimmie had tried
to swallow a mouthful of seed at sim
gle gulp. SO yesterday the door of the
cobbler's shop remained closed. All
business was suspended. People in the
ighborhood, accustomed to the sight
of Russomanno up and about at dawn,
wondered why. They entered the shop
and found out.
The whole neighborhood joined yes
terday with the cobbler in mourning
the passing of Jimmie. The death of
the bird proved such blow to Russo
manno that neighbors sought practi-
cal means to express their sympathy.
They began collecting a fund-pennies,
nickels and dimes and dollars. They
soon had 5000. and this was handed to
New-York tribune., 1920-08-03
Charlie Chaplin
Sued for Diuorce
Such Is Life,' Says Com
edian, Hearing Of Suit;
Wife Charges Cruelty

LOS ANGELES, Aug. 2. - Mildred
Harris Chaplin to-day filed suit here
for divorce from Charlie Chaplin. She
alleged cruelty.
Charlie Chaplin and Mildred Harris
were married at Los Angeles October
%. 1918, and announcement OF the
event was made November 8, 1918. it
had been kept a secret at the request
of the bridegroom.
Mrs. Chaplin recently announced she
was thinking OF suing for divorce, say
ing her husband had not been home in
two months. When questioned regard
ing his wife's statement, the comedian
sold: "Well, such is life in the great
After their marriage Chaplin and his
bride settled down in a Los Angeles
bungalow and lived together for more
than a year. Then domestic difhcultles
arose. Their family affairs became the
subject of gossip for the prosperous
motion picture colony OF Los Angeles.
Last March, when it was first re-
aorted Miss Harris would institute
divorce proceedings, Chaplin is said to
have declared he would file counter
suit.
the "big three" Of motion picturedom
the others being Mary Pickford and her
husband, Douglas Fairbanks he Is
one of the greatest moley-maKers IN
the film business, and was the hrs'
screen actor to realize the dramatlc
valne of the custard pie. His films
have been shown in all parts OF the
world.
Miss Harris was star in her own
right. She was brought forth IN
number of pictures by the UNIVERSAL
New-York tribune., 1920-08-03
Cox Chooses
WilsOnite to
Debate League
Senator Hitchcock Named
by Governor to Meet
a Republican on Winona
Lake Observation-Disclosures
By Carter Field

WASHINGTON, Aug. Ex-senator
Gilbert NJ Hitchcock, whose unwaver-
inC support of the President during
the treaty fight prevented ratification
has been selected by Governor Cox as
his champion in joint debate on the
League of Nations.
The debate will take place at Winona
Lake, Ind, on the occasion of the open
ing of new Chautauqua temple Gov
ernor Cox was asked to name the
mitted to-day tha. he had been asked
to fulfill this duty.
Senator Harding was requested by
the managers to name a Republican to
debate against the Democrat Governor
Cox should name. Senator Hitchcock
said Mr.. Harding had referred the re-
quest to the Republican National Com
mittec instead of naming the man him
self.
at will be- intercsting,' said Senator
Hitchcock, "to see who will be selected
to oppose me. wonder whether it
will be man of the Hiram Johnson or
Of tho William Howard Taft type"
"How about Senator Irvine J.. Len
root. of Wisconsin," he was asked
Mr.. Lenroot would be a strong
man." said Senator Hitchcock gravely
his amusement over the Johnson Taft
alternative disappearing.
Asked to Explain Selection
"Isn't it rather curious" Mr.. Hitch
cock was asked, chat Governor Cox
should select YOU for this debate in
stead of some other Northern or West
ern Democratic Senator, when every
Democrat from the North and West,
except yourself and Senator johnson, Of
South Dakota, voted to ratify the
treaty with the Lodge reservations ?"
There is one thing that has not
been made clear, il seems to me-" said
Senator Hitchcock, "in all this talk
about the Presidents position on the
league and that of Governor Cox. On
this question, Of all the Northern and
Western Senators, except myself and
Senator johnson, Of South Dakota. vot-
ing for ratification with the Lodge
reservations, it should be borne in
mind that most of them already had
voted against the Lodge reservations.
NY NV'eu lot IdtlliCatlOll on lne lndl
ballot as the choice of two evils. 1t
was 4 question then Of ratification with
the Lodge reservations or no ratifica-
ton at all, and they chose ratification
with the Lodge reservations"
'COX in Accord With Most of Us"
Gould this Dc interpreted. in view
of the fact that You followed the Presi-
dent absolutely on the treaty. as indi-
eating that Governor Cox is much
closer to the attitude of the President
on the treaty than the public has been
given to understand from the state
ments of other Senators who have
Continued on page 81
New-York tribune., 1920-08-03
POilzi Records
Destroyed to
Hide Secret
Financial Wonder Worker
Tells L. S. Prosecutor
He Has Hidden Other
Papers in Bank Vaults
Sncein HiSuntCh 10 Tho Trihn1c

Spccinl Dispatch to The Tribunc
BOSTON, Aug. Outstanding de-
vclopments to-day in the career of
Charles Ponzi's securities exchange
company. boasted Garner of millions in
international exchange were:
A sttcment by State Attorney
General j. Weston Allen that Ponzi
declares his correspondence with
officials in Europe has been destroyed
and that other papers relative to
the business which might determine
the truth of his statements are
secrcted in safe deposit vaults.
Vigorous denals by Ponzi of in
solvency charges made by William
II. McMasters, his former publicity,
man. through d copyrighted article
in "The Boston Post
Steady payment over the cashiers
lodge from 8 until o'clock of notes
which thousnds struggled to pre-
sent.
A two-hour conference behind
closed doors of Federal officials with
VcMasters.
A two hour conference behind
closed doors of Pcnzi, one Of his
attorneys and States Attorney Cen
cral Allen.
Boston went TO bed Tonight still
dreaming of come-easy millions. Ponzi
who promised last Tuesday to pay all
due notes, with so per cent interest,
for forty-tive days. and to refund the
principal of all obligations not yet
matured, continued to keep his word.
Published Charges Stir City
A new climax in the dizzy financial
course Of the diminutive iinancier
stirred the city this morning, when
"The Post" published copyrighted
signed article by McMasters, Ponzi's
publicity man until Saturday, declaring
that the only money the wizard" had
was money deposited by investors
Ponzi countered with barragc of
statements. oral and written. charging
all his detractors with malicious dis
tortion of the truth. He said he had
paid out nearly $3,5O0,00O since the run
started, and could pay all debts twice
over.
Meanwhile an excited crowd stood
outside the Italians Offices all day. AS
the long line filed into the cashier S
room each note was carefully examined
and paid. Complaints were so numer-
Gus that the process was SLOW. On the
other hand, Ponzi remarked that pay
ments were kept up past normal bank
ing hours.
Ponzi's affairs are being sifted thor
oughly by Federal and state officials
An official transcript was taken OF a
(Conpnued on next page)
New-York tribune., 1920-08-03
Millionaire Lloyd and Nineteen
Others Are Convicted as Reds
communists Sentenced in Chicago to Long Prison
Terms and Heavy Fines for Conspiracy
to Overthrow Government

CHICAGO, Aug. 2.-William Bross
Lloyd, millionaire Socialist, and
nineteen other members of the
Communist Labor party tonight
were found guilty of conspiracy to
overthrow the government of the
United States.
The defendants were given various
sentences, most of them getting from
one to five years in the penitentiary,
few being given fines in addition.
Several were sentenced to one year in
Jail. Lloyd, who was sergeant at
arms of the party, got the heaviest
sentence, being given one to five years
IN the penitentiary and fine of $4,000
in addition.
Those Sentenced
The sentences, besides that of Lloyd,
were:
l.. E. Ka,terfeld, Dayton. Kan.
farmer; Ludwig Lore, alleged co-au-
thor of the Communist Labor party
PLATFORM and author of alleged radical
puelications, and l.. X. England. Mo-
lne, H., member of the Communis st
LABOR party state executive COM
mlttee, one to five years:
Jack Carney. Duluth, Mimi, editor O.
Truth and member of the party's
national executive committee, and Max
be"acht, San Francisco. reporter, each
one 10 hve years and 81 900 fine.
New-York tribune., 1920-08-03

Niels Kjar, Chicago. and Edga,
Owens, Moline, Ill.,, each one to five
years.
Arthur Proctor, Chicago. one to five
years and $4,000 fine.
Niels j. Christensen. Chicago; Dr.
oscar Joseph Brown, Dekalk, ILL.,.
Edwin Firth, Indianapolis, printer;
Samuel Ash, Chicago, lawyer; Samuel
+; Hankin, Chicago; Charles Krumbein
Chicago; Joseph Meisinger, Chicago;
pr. Carl f. Sandberg, Chicago; Perry
II. Shipman, Rock Island, III; Morris
4: Stolar, Chicago, and John Vogel,
chicago. each one year in Jail.
Move for New Trial
The sentences are for the state peni-
tertiary and the Cook County Jail.
The case was given to the jury at
12:45 p. m. and the verdict was re-
turned eight hours and forty-hve min
utes later
The defendants were charged with
conspiracy to advocate the overthrow
ing of the government by force, con-
spiracy to publish or distribute printed
matter advocating overthrowing the
government by force, conspiracy to be-
long to an organization advocating it
and conspiracy to attend meetings at
which overthrowing the government by
force was advocated.
A motion for new trial was made by
the defense and the court will hear the
motion September 25.
Maclay HoynS States Attorney, in a
statement issued after the verdict
CONTINUED on paae 81
New-York tribune., 1920-08-03
Suspect arrested i5a
CoughHn Kidnapping
Federal agents Capture
Negro in .Stvan,p Near
Egg Harbor Station

sUff'dt DlSDOirW 10 fht : 'V|'''
PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 2.--Govern-
ment agents to-day arrested negro
who they suspect has some connection
with the kidnapping Of Blakely Cough
lin, the Morristown baby, June ? The
capture was made by fifty Federal
agents, mostly from the Postoffice De-
partment. in Il swamp near the Egg
Harbor, n j.. railroad station From
papers in the mans possession the
agents said they dscove. ed the man
who has not been identified. h2a DE-
manded d ransom OF $4,000 The
money was to have been placed ia the
swamp. the agents said
When the express train from Phila-
delphia arrived shortly before .
o'clock q man got off and walked
toward The swamp. When he reached
the place where the money was to have
been deposited q number of govern
meNt agents oVerpoWcred and took h: m
prisoner
The man is said to have admitted his
gailt. He had written to George H.
Couehlin. the babys father, promising
TO return the child if an additional
$4,000 was placed in the rear of hot
tracks. Federal officers with blood
hounds had been or his trail for sew
era days.
The kidnapping was accomplished
while the baby slept in his crib The
abductors entered the CoughIin home
by ladder, picked up the infant, and
escaped.
After 51r. Coughlin had received a
number of letters from a man who
signed himself The Crank" he de-
posted sum of money, said to have
been $4,000. Some one obtained that
money, but the baby was never re-
turned
New-York tribune., 1920-08-03
Rail Rates
To Force QJn
Food Prices
Middlemen See Raise of
8Pct. to the Consumer:
Unwarranted, Says u. S.
Board; Market Breaks

Commission men declared yeste rday
that an advance Of to per cent in
retail food prices would not be un-
reasonable in view of the increases in
freight rates authorized by the Inter
state Commerce Commission.
Dispatches from Washington quoted
members of the commission as saying
that any appreciable advance in prices
as a result Of the rate increases would
be unwarranted. 1t was pointed out
that the rate for meat, for instance,
would be only about cent a pound
between Chicago and New York, even
after the increased rates went into
effect.
Railroad executives echoed the
opinion Of the commissioners. The
advance in freight rates could not be
reflected legitimatcly in retail prices.
they said, and consequently should
provide no excuse for further demands
on the part of labor.
Garment manufacturers also fell in
with this view. Freight charges were
SC widely distributed, hey said and
so small when considered in relation
to single units, that the increase in
rates should be absorbed by retaile rs
without difficulty.
Decision Affects Stock Market
The immediate effect of the decision
was seen in the Stock market. A jump
IN the price of railway stocks was fol
lowed by an attack on industria!s.
which sent United States Steel com
mon to new low level, depressed other
stocks and eventually even hit the rail
way stocks, though those of some Of
the stronger roads showed a net gain
at the end of the days trading,
According to the Merchants Asso-
cation the blanket INCREASE in railroad
rates may be considered merely an
emergency measure. subject TO revi
sion as necessity Develops The asso-
citation issued a statement saying that
1t would study the effect of the rates
ana at the proper time would apply
'or such revislons as seemed ncces
say.
The increase in passenger rates Will
be felt most keenly by commuters. it
is thought. Those using the Long Isl
and Railroad, it was pointed out mi ght
escape tne hlTher tariff tor the pres
ent at least. That road, being entirely Y
within the state, must charge in ac-
cordance with the decision Of the Pub
lie Service Commission Of the state.
Its application for a revision OF its
passenger rates upward has been be-
fore that body for some weeks.
Food Head Sees Price Rises
Hershel Jones. head of the local Of
flee of the State Division of Food and
Markets, agreed with the commission
men that food prices would be in
creased when the new freight rates
went into effect
MIR. Jones said that his division has
contributed many data to the
Interstate Commerce Commission to
aid it in arriving at its rate decision.
The data concerned the effects which
various grades OF rate increases would
have on food prices. Experts undo
direction of Mr.. Jones are accumulate
ing additional data by which state OF
icials will be guided in preventing in
creases in food prices disproportionatc
with the advances in rail rates
81 would not consider an increase of
between and per cent in food prices
Continued on pano IN
New-York tribune., 1920-08-03
Rumanians and CZechs
Threaten WarOn Reds
AS Poles Discuss Peace
Radical Labor Faction
Sei5es City in Sa1ony


BERLIN, Aug. 2.-Zittau, Sax
ony, city of between $4,000 and
10000 population, where labor
troubles recently occurred, has
been in the hands Of radical work
ers since yesterday, according to
a dispatch to the "Zwoelfuhr-
blatt."
The message adds that the po-
lice have withdrawn and that
committee of fifteen, composed of
Independent Socialists, Commun-
lists and Syndicalists, has assumed
authority over the city.