davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
YACHTING INCREASED
As NEVER BEFORE
New Social Register Shows More Owners
Than In pre-War DAYS.

That yachting has been taken up this
summer with even more enthusiasm than
marked the sport III the best year just
before tho war is one of numerous in
trresting facts deduced from the summer
number Of the Social Register, which has
just come from the press There are 60l
yachts m commission, each being deslg-
mated by m illustration after the name of
the owner. In addition there ~ an index
IN which the names Of the yachts and the
owners are arranged IN alphabetical order.
la the various classes of private craft in
commission are 352 steam yachts, l7S
sloops and II schooner yachts. One hun
dred and thirty-six families are passing
the summer cruising on board their yachts
and can only be reached through the
yacht club whose pennant the craft flies
IL did not need the new issue of the
Social Register TO establish the fact that
there has been b tremendous rush OF
Americans toward Europe this season, but
the Registers statistics bring out the fact
that 337 families OF prominence III society
in the p leading cities represented IN the
book have gone abroad for the summer, as
compared with only lSq last summer.
More families are passing the summer
at inland resorts than have gone TO the
seaside, yet there IS an increasing fashion,
able drift toward the sea coast. At inland
resorts are 6,204 registered families, while
4,41i will be found at the seaside resorts,
but the seashore shows a gain OF 10 per
cent in fashionable population and the
inland resorts only per cent.
The "Hamptons, including Southamp-
ton, may at least boast that, as a united
colony, they exceed in fashionable popu-
lation Newport, and that allied Rhode
Island resort, Narragansett Pier. The
Hamptons have 3ll families as summer
residents, whilc Newport and Narragan-
sett Pier have 303 Eighty-eight families
have gone to the Pacific coast for the
summer and DIT are in Canada.
There has been marked increase in the
number Of marriages since April 1-959,
as compared TO 554 last year. This is
greater than the 956 marriages during the
similar period two years ago, at the high
tide of that year, memorable for hasty
marriages. Every veteran of the great war
is so designated by star after his name.
New York Herald.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
SUMMER.
By David Morton.

From what lost centuries that We're
sweet before,
Comes this long wave of summer
bursting white
In shivered apple-blossoms on the shore
That is our homeland for day and
night
A wide, hushed spirit floats above the
foam,
A sweetness that was ancient flower end
face, :,
When wine-red poppies stained the walls
of Rome,
And daisies starred those summer
fields of Thrace.
Something survives and haunts the leafy
shade,
Some fragrance that was petals once,
and hips,
And whispered, brief avowals that they
mode-
Borne hither, now, in vague, invisible
ships,
Whose weightless cargoes, poured upon
the air,
Are flowers forgot, and faces that were
fair.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
Y. w. c. A. CALENDAR.

MONDAY.
10 n. m-Board of Directors, S04 Mar
ket street.
8pm.-W Whose Club, S0i Market street.
Market street
TUESDAY.
$50 a. m.-Swimming Class for Girls
Y. NJ. C. A. pool.
10.15a. m.-Swimming Glass for Women
Y M G. A. pool.
p. m.-Ayita Club Picnic, Mont
chanin.
FRIDAY.
$50 a. m.-Swimming Glass for Girls,
Y. M G. A. pool.
I0.15 a. swimming Glass for
Women, y Nj. G. A. pool.
SATURDAY.
Weekend Party at Holiday House.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
Y. W. e. A. ~ HpAZU.
Second Branch Opens in south Anerirs
with Eight Hundrei Members

The second south American branch n
the y w q A opened n Pio ~ iareirr
the latter pert ~ July with 4 charter
membership n eOO according ~ 4 cable
received ~ headquarterp. Nnw fors
City. A campaign Tor 5OO mauherr had
been carried On IN The city f1r three wrsk
directed by a committee n ten W9rnnf
most of them from the United s'a'ss
including two = " q srerrfarirs
from tho only other brnneh in Sou'h
America AZ Bueuos Aires The Arnrrica
Y. W G. A SECRETARIES fr~, wrut y
Btenos Aires IN 1906
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
WORKING GIRLS CREED ADOPTED
Belief in Employers Included.

An Everyday Creed for the Woman
Who Works" was drawn up and adopted
recently at conference at Oxford, Ohio,
where delegates representing nine thou
sand industrial girls Of Ohio and West
Virginia We're meeting. The creed, adopted
by girls who work in factories, stores and
offices, includes the belief that work
should be performed carefully and
promptly, refusal for the sake of other
workers to accept low standards of pay
or poor working conditions, belief in the
employer as a human being just as
am. He likes toNhave things go smoothly
and he deserves to have them, so | shall
do all in my power to help him."
Delegates at the conference recon-
mended to all Federation members the
study of conditions among working
women and the laws of the United States
affecting women and children.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
BLUE ROCK COMMUNITY CLUB.

Blue Rock Community Club has
decided on account of the absence of
members during August, to postpone the
lawn fete, scheduled for August II until
after September /, the date to be decided
later.
MrsW Craig, chairman Of iuvenilework,
requests mothers in the club to send her
the names and ages of their children. She
hopes to organize juvenile branch with
the possibility of starting kindergarten
in the autumn. The next meeting will be
held Monday, September 6, at 2.3O.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS.

The General Federation of Women s
Clubs, has issued the first number of the
Federation Bulletin. The printing is done
at Fayetteville, Arkansas, and the
bulletin is a complete presentation of the
work of the Federation. Several pages are
devoted to the Golden Prairie Convention
which was held at Des Moines, Iowa, and
many tributes are paid to the Iowa club
women who displayed splendid hospitality
to the visitors.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
WAWASET PARK WOMEN'S CLUB.

The monthly meeting of the Wawaset
Park Womens Club will be held next
Tuesday afternoon at the home of Mrs
Charles Warner, 2311 West Eleventh
street, Wawaset Park The Forthcoming
levin fete to be given by the club on Sep
tember II will be discussed The fete is for
the benefit of the Child Health Center
work in which these club women are
interested Mrs. b. f. Houston is the
member in charge of the plans proposed.
In, connection with the meeting bake
will be held
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
SrrsRER
~ Edith NJ Thom--

I will laugh with any one.
Laugh awhile, then onward nm.
I will crv with fhuzr who ,rv
But I viii not iingpr by
Certes. rnirth pr grief l phare
But my own 7 cOuld no' brar
Long Rgo both left my door
! will iet them ~ m np0rn
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
RUTAN- GRANT,

Edwin p Rutan, South Clayton street
this city, and Miss Georgeanna Grant, of
Sharon Hill, Pa, will be married at the
home of the brides parents today. The
ceremony will be performed by Rev.
Francis NJ. Taitt of St. Paul'sP +. Church.
Chester. After trip to Lake George,
Mr. and Mrs. Rutan will be at home at
Sharon Hill
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
THIRD PARTY HEAD Goes
To AID Of SUffRAGISTS
Christensen Off for Tennessee, and
Asks Cox and Harding
TO Follow.

New York, Aug. Farley p. Christen-
sen, Presidential candidate Of the Far
mer-Labor party, left New York Thursday
night for Nashville, Tenn, where he will
take personal hand in the fight for rati-
fcation of the suffrage amendment
Before he departed he sent telegram to
Senator Warren &. Harding, Republican
Presidential nominee, and Gov. James NJ
Cox, Democratic choice, part NJ which
follows.
"The Legislature of Tennessee meets
on Monday next to net upon the woman
suffrage amendment to the Federal Con-
stitution. IL its action ls favorable the
amendment is carried, II unfhvorable The
women Of the country will be denied the
right TO participate in the November M
tional elections. The Tennessee Iegisf-
lature is composed ~ Democrats and
Republicans Aa the chosen leaders Of
one Of thoge parties you cannot avoid
responsibility for what happens to the
suffrage amendment in that State. There
is one way in which you can demonstrate
y0,ir sincerity in the matter. That is by
proceeding AZ once r. Nashville and ez-
erting your powerful influence upon your
party adherents there IN behalf of ratif-
cation. ! beseech you to 20 immediately
20 Tennessee
Washington, Aug 7.-rnformation sent
from Marion 70 the headquarters Of the
National Woman's party Thurs day in
dicated that Senator Harding had altered
his tactics and had decided 10 take q more
active part in the fight for suffrage ratifi-
cation in Tennessee
Yesterday the National Wornans party
| exhibited a telegram from Senator Hard
ing in which he said he could not con
sistently urge Tennessee legislators ~
/ vote for ratification without knowing
I their reaaons for such commitment as
/ they have made" To-day, however. the
/ National Wornsn's party announced that
/ following ar interview in Marion, with
/ Mrs Abby Scott Baker. political chairman
/ Of the wornans party the senator began
! to take an active part in the suffrage fight
/ in Tennessee
/ In addition 10 a telegram ~ State
| Senator Houk n Tennessee, Senator
| Harding told Mrs Baker, 30 the suffra-
| gists say, that he would wire Congress
man Sells and Congressman Taylor, ask-
1 ing them 10 do everything possible 70 aid
! ratification in their districts He also stat
/ ed that he would wire his personal repre-
! sentative IN Tennessee and secure poll Of
/ the Republican members Of the legisa-
ture He further agreed TO wire the Re-
/ publican candidate for governor, jesse
4 Littleton, urging him TO help IN securing q
/ solid Republican vote.
State Senator Patton. a Republican,
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
MOOSEHEART FESTIVAL.

A bake and festival will be given on
Wednesday afternoon and evening by the
ladies of the Mooseheart Association,
Chapter $50, affiliated with the Loyal
Order of the Moose, on the playground
at Twenty-fourth and Tatnell streets
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
WEDDINGS.
HAINEs-LoFI.AND.

Announcement has been made of the
marriage, on July 10, of Miss Lucy
Beatrice Lofand, daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. T. II. Lofand, formerly of this city,
but now of Detroit. and Ralph Edgar
Haines Of Chicago.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07

Lost something2 Try classified ad-
vertisenent in Every Evening.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07

Lost something? Try classified adver'
aisement in Every Evening
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-08-07
Photo by William Shewell Ellis
MISS FLORENCE HUBBARD.

art in
al
n
IN IN dypmg
irpctt
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
divides SHOW
STRENGTH TODAY

Leading Divides continued strong
ar in today's market Tonopah Di-
vide opened at I.22lg sales and con-
tinued to advance steadily to high
sales at l32@, closing l27'5 bid,
a total of 21,6OO shares changing
hands. Gold Zone sold al 25, Di-
vide Extension up three points TO
30 cents and Brougher at IA. Victory
and Florence were stronger on
sales at 5, and Kernlck Was higher
at 10.
Tonopahs aud Golddelds we're
quiet Rescue was IN demand on
bids and sales at 90 Cash Boy and
North Star sold at 6 Cracker Jack
and spearhead sold at (.
The Comstocks had a tendency to
show reaction from their recent de-
cline Consolidated Virginia sold at
. % and Ophir at 2s.
simon Lead sold at 65, Holly al
l50. and Croesus at A. Broken
HHls sold steadily at H.
The Industrial market was weak.
or. with call money at 2 per cent
Total sales for the day. 22o So.
shares
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
TWO COUNTRIES
TO AID WILSON
IN NEAR EAST
Spain and Brazil Are Willing to
Participate in Support
of His Action

GENEVA, Switzerland, Dee q
The council of the league of ma
tions telegraphed President Wilson
today thanking him for agreeing 20
act as mediator between the Ar
menians and the Turkish national
lists through a representative ap-
pointed by him. The council inform
ed him the Spanish government is
ready to participate in any action Of
moral and diplomatic character to
support Armenia. and Brazil is ready
also take take part alone or with
other powers in putting an end to
the situation in Armenia. These
governments have been requested to
communicate directly with President
Wilson
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
FULLY HALF Of
CITIZENS SAID
TO HAVE DIED
HOstilities Between Armenia
and Turk NatiOnalists
Are Now Suspended

The Armenian forces have been
driven eastward by the Turkish ma
tionaIists to the region outside the
traditional boundaries of Armenia,
which was reduced to a little eau
casus republic. HostiHties have
been suspended through interyeu-
ton by the bolsheyiki at Moscow
and there are hopes that further
bloodshed may be ayerted. One
hundred thousand Armenian refugees
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
MEXICAN SHOOTS
GERLACH OFFICER

Scott Butler, deputy constable lLd
constable elect at Gerlach was 3hct
in the right thigh Saturday oven
ing at Juneo by Manuel Hernandez.
whom he had just arrested on sus-
piston of having burglarize' sec
tiou house at Gcrlach, say5 tho
humboldt Star
Hernandez was haudcutEal a. he
time and shot Butler as the latter
was stopping over examining the
Mexican's grip Hernandez was
oyerpowered and disarmed and
brought to Winnemucca and placed
in jail, and Butler was taken to
hospital where the bullet was
removed by Dr. GirouX.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
DRY Law BLAMED
FOR crime WAVE

SALT LAKE CITY, Dec. 2.--The
crime wave now prevalent through
out the country will show an in
crease of 200 per cent, declared
William A. Pinkerton, head OF a
detective agency, who arrived here
nom Denver recently
Plnkerton characterized the en-
toreement of the prohibition law as
farcieal in many instances. He said
tue number of drug addicts had In
creased 200 per .cent since prohibi-
ton went into effect and that the
drug tiend was much more liable
TO develop into a criminal than a
drunkard.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
BIG sum LOST
BY AMERICAS
AID TO ALLIES
Pittman Act to Brace Up Eng
Iish Colonial Exchange
Causes Vast Loss

WASHINGTON, D. C., Nov. 2. -
The United States government has
lost vast sum, estimated between
one and two hundred million dollars
in an endeavor to hold up the de-
preciated currency Of Great Britain
and other countries with which she
was allied in the war, treasury Of
tiCials have revealed For this loss
she has neither been reimbursed nor
even officially thanked
The extent to which the United
States supported European and far
eastern currency is shown by the
fact that when the armistice was
signed and this support was largely
withdrawn the bottom fell out OF
the EXCHANGE market, as one treas
ury official expressed it.
How vast have been the losses of
the United States is revealed by the
following incident.
On April u, 1918, severe panic
occurred in India, owing to the dis
appearance of silver which is the
basis o. her currency, and a flood
of paper rupees issued by the Brit
ish government Within 10 days the
run on silver supporting the paper
money reduced the reserve by $4O,-
100000.
In this extremity the British gov
ernment appealed to the United
States for relief, representing that
the situation which started in a H.
nancial panic threatened to develop
into a revolt that would sweep away
every vestige of British authority
in India.
Thereupon President Wilson, much
against the advice Of many congress
sional leaders, rushed through con-
gress a bill, now known as the Pitt
man act. 1t provided for the melt
ing down of $35O,OOOOOO of American
silver dollars and the sale of the
bullion abroad at the fixed price o.
81 an ounce.
OF this amount 2O7OO0,OO0 ounces
were sold to the British government
for use in India, The remainder
went to France and other European
countries. The price OF silver wa
at that time we'll above the fxe'
price of 81. and ultimately reached
around $135 per ounce.
The Pittman act provided that tn
$3.50, 10000 in silver should be re
! placed by purchases from America
producers at the same price Of )
4 an ounce. In the meantime tn
Y price OF silver has fallen lower an
Z lower until recently 1t was quote
a in the open market at 65 cents a
ounce Nevertheless the govern
ment is required by law to pay
per ounce until the purchase
$50 900, 900 ounces is completed.
@ In practically all oriental cour
CONTINUED on Page Eourl
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02

MRS. L. M. HUNT is
CRITICALLY ILL

Mrs. L. NJ. Hunt, mother of Mrs
Newton Crumley and Mrs W. A
Lawson. is reported as critically Ill
with pneumonia at the home of her
daughter, Mrs. CrumIey Mrs Hunt
first became i'll three days ago and
her condition became worse so rap
idly that a trained nurse is In at
tendance upon her
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
Values in Ore Shoot on 800 Level
of TOnOpah Divide Continue High

aloug the haugtng wall Of the ledge
has been run about 80 feet and is
IN ara giving assay returns OF $3.50
a tan According to Superintendent.
Walters tha drlt an taa lava. s
not yeg 10 Gar enough TO pick up the
continuation of che rich ora shoot
ON the 500 leyel This shoot should
hn n.akad up auB tha next 90
ar SO feet OF lr.bug
The weekly rcparl Of che mine
shows shat development work has
been d1ua az follows tet-fru.
arn IS tsg. s0l drlfi. Sc feet zoe.
lrin 81 testi tot raise - feet
making total % ttt seeg dufinl
tha weak
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
CHINAMAN TO BE
HUNG TOMORROW

CBy Associated Pressl
SAN FRANCISCO, Cal, Dec. e
Ong Mon Foo, a San Francisco
Chinese, is to hang tomorrow at
San Quentin for the alleged murder
OF another Chinese, although Dis
trict Attorney Matthew Brady said
today that many who were concern
ed in his conviction now seriously
doubt his guilt.
Brady said he made a trip to
Sacramento to ask Governor Steph-
ems to commute the sentence or
postpone execution so that the case
might be reviewed. The governor
refused
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
CONTINUED on Page Four

Values IN the nes ore shoot on
the 500 level Of The Touopah Divide.
which was first cut on THANKSGIVING
day. continue high. aagHs from
500 to $3.50 per ton. according 90
the statement % Superintendent
Walters
The strike vas made ia the iriii
oa the bjs ledge IS feet southeast Of
che main grossgut and s a new
sheet. whJsh does noe appear In 'hs
upper levels The thickness q ne
lodge al thh po.ul 10 'hs nine haa
oct asea Determined - the com
paay started 10 drtn aloss ths hans
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
STERNS GAINS ON
RECOUNT OF VOTES

The recount in the tght for sher
in In ormsby county between Harry
James and Joe Stern resulted in a
gain OF four ballots for Stern al
the session Of the court up to ?
O'Clock Tuesday afternoon As but
20 ballots out of rs objected to had
been ruled on by Judge Langan. the
final outcome is yet in doubt
With those credited TO stern he
was FIVE ahead OF James A number
OF ballots have been set aside IN
the doubtful column. which VIII
have a later ruling BY the Judge -
Carson Appeal
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02

ing wall after cross-cutting about
l5O feet into The vein without reach
ing the f5otaall e was In this
drt on the hanging wall that the
ore shoot Was cut
The arst values in the shoot
ranged from ggi 60 tilt but after a
tev days thog decreased % SEQ The
past fov days have seen another
advance 10 fba value % the ore be-
.uE extracted. sbggh noN ruuz from
500 10 gssa psf toa. The face Of
the drin Is completely IN ore. and a
sample taken yesterday across the
entire hea gave returns q liaa
per ton
ou he Iaoa Tao, lsvei the ar'S
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
EXTENSION Of
CREDITS, HIGH
TARIFF URGED
Revival War.Finance COrpOr-
alton and Export Firms
to Be Considered

WASHINGTON. d. G., Dec .
The agricultural committees of the
senate and house will meet in joint
session today to consider relief
measures for the agricultural situa-
ton A revival of the war finance
corporation, further extension OF
credits to formers, the placing of a
tariff on wheat imports, the utlliza,
tion OF funds in the hands Of the
allen property custodian as a basis
Of credits to Germany, and sub
scriptioR by congress- to 81 per cent
Of the stock of companies formed
t0T the carrying on of export bust
ness under the Edge law will be dis
cussed An amendment to the fed.
eraI farm loan act so as to permit
short time loans on cattle and agri-
cultural products may be considered.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
Johnson URGES
STRICTER LAWS
ON IMMIGRATION

(By Associated PressD
WASHINGTON, D. C, Dec. g
immigration would practically be
suspended for two years under a
bill submitted to the house immi-
grafton committee today by its
chairman, Representative Johnson,
of Washington.
The measure would permit the ad-
mission only Of blood relatives OF
citizens or Of aliens for six months
and OF travellers and otherwise ad-
missabIe aliens from Canada. New
ioundland Cuba and Mexico The
bill will be discussed by the com.
mittee.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
governors URGE
FINANCE BOARD
ny Associated PressD

HARRISBURG, Pa, Dec. THE
conference adopted to-
day a committee report urging the
federal government to create a fl
nance corporation which through
loans to foreign countries would
permit the export OF American
foodsmffs and other products to re-
lieye the critical situation OF the
nations farmers The report also
urged the federal reserve board to
advise banks to adopt a liberal pol
lev of renewal of farmers indebted
ness
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02

WASHINGTON. D. C., Dec. a.
A representative to be chosen by
President Wilson to mediate be-
tween the Armenians and Turkish
nationalists will act for the presi-
dent and not for Wilson personally,
according to a statement by the
state department.
The mediator, who has not yet
been chosen, will have the prestige
OF the United States behind him,
but it has been made clear by the
president that moral influence is
the only kind the United States can
use.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
WILL FISH FOR BOOZE
IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY


SAN FRANCISCO, Cal, Dec ..
Thomas Kennedy deputy prohibition
enforcement officer. has been assign
ed to row about san Francisco bay
to pick up nptsfu of Scotch whis-
key alleged to have been lowered
from ships arriving from the far
east.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
TWO VAoRANTs FLoATgD

Theodore L. Mossler and George
Horsley we're tried before Justice
OF the Peace Harry r Grler today
on vagrancy charges and received
sentences Of so days on sthe rock
pile at hard labor Sentence was
suspended for "a hours to give them
40 opportunity 70 leave the city.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
SIX SINJN FEINERS
HELD IN SCOTLAND

GLASGOW, Scotland. Dec 2--Tbe
police arrested six persons 9f Irish
nationality three Of whom were
women. today, on charges Of treas
enable conspiracy Ii vas stated
that explosives. reyolvers and Sim
Fein literature were found In their
houses.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1920-12-02
COAST SHIPPERS
MEETING CALLED

SAN FRANCISCO, Cal Dec q
A conference Of Pacific coast ship
pers. particularly cooperative grow
ers' organizations, was called today
by C. r. Daniels, state market di-
rector, for December 20, to consider
the alleged virtual embargo on
western products through sharp in-
ereases in transportation rates.