davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-05-21
BY III. e. Murdoch, Agricultural En-
gineer, State College, Bohemian.

: gineer, State College, Bozeman.
During the past irrigation >seasol
many parts of the state have been in
vestigated as to local irrigation needs
and some of the most conspicuous
ones which came to my attention viii
be briefly discussed.
On account of the extremely dry
season following two previously dry
years, interest in irrigation was fore
ed upon the farmers and many were
the schemes proposed for getting
water on the land. Some of the pro.
posed schemes are impractical while
many others are feasible, and likely
| to be constructed. / have had re-
quests for information on proposed
new schemes of irrigation ranging
in size from a fraction of an acre to
many thousand acres, and ranging
| in. estimated cost from a few dollars
to several million dollars. The lar
| ger projects proposed consist of Sc
curing the water for irrigation from
flowing streams, by storage or by
pumping, while the smaller projects
consist of schemes for pumping water
or for storing small supplies of flood
water.
The three prominent needs of the
farmers of the state along irrigation
lines are Cd adequate legislation,
CD utilization of the natural water
and land resources, and CD instruc-
ton in methods of applying water
and in irrigation farming in general.
A need of the state is the settlement
of lands that are now ready for irri-
cation but without the farmers.
In the matter of legislation it is
generally recognized that Montana's
statutes are rather inadequate and
need revision and to put this state
on firm basis equal to those of other
irrigation states. One of the out
growths of the Investigations carried
on during the season was the calling
together of the irrigation interests
of the state to consider the irrigation
problems. This call was made dur
ing the early fall and meeting was
held during January at which the |
Montana Irrigation and Drainage In
stitute was formed. The first prob |
lem to be undertaken by the insti-
tute is to help in making suggestions
as to the necessary revisions in the
irrigation laws of the state.
The irrigated regions of Montana
nave generally had an adequate wa
Ter supply for the irrigation needs
n those regions so that there has
been no large movement to deter
nine the total water resources or the
way in which they may be utilized to
he best interests of the state. We
heed stream measurements, adjudi-
,ation of water rights, and an organi-
,ation built up to protect those
lights. The basis for adjudicating j
he streams of the state and deter {
mining rights and to apportion the /
waters of the various streams of the {
tate. When this is done and stream I
Measurements have been established t
the state the available L
rater supply can be determined and C
sasible irrigation projects can be t
tanned. 1t is believed that vast il
reas of land can be irrigated in the s
ate by the water that now runs
way and an effort is being made to b
rovide means of utilizing that water. t,
owever, with our present knowledge o
e must proceed with caution as it s.
i'll take years to secure the data s.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-05-21

100000 pounds of citrate of lime and
$4,000 pounds of lemon oil.
1.-THE department introduced the
navel orange from Brazil. Last yea1
100000 boxes of California navel
oranges were distributed among the
people of this country.
eve introduced, in spite of great
difficulties, the Smyrna fig from Tur-
key. The industry is established and
the United States will soon be pro-
ducing enough high grade figs to
meet its own demands.
1--WE have introduced the date
from Egypt, established it, improved
it and the United States is today pro-
ducing the finest dates grown any
where in the world.
1.-THE Panama canal could not be
completed until yellow fever was
overcome-and nobody knew what
caused yellow fever. Then a scien-
fist in the bureau of animal industry
discovered that splenetic fever of
cattle is caused by tick. That open
ed up the field of insect causation
of disease, revealed the mosquito as
the carrier of yellow fever, and the
control of this disease made possible
the completion of the Panama canal.
When that discovery was made
the cattle fever tick infested an area
of more than $4,000 square miles
and caused loss of from 100000
900 to $60,00O,000 year. The de-
partment of agriculture has eradicat-
ed the tick in $4,000 square miles of
this territory and, according to pres
ent plans, will have the remaining
100000 square miles free of ticks
by the end of 1923.
Boil Weevu
"The cotton boil weevil has been
one of the most stubborn enemies of
that the department has
ever had to deal with, but our ex-
perts have at last found how to con-
troll the pest by busting the field with
calcium arsenate. Here is what It'll
did on an abandoned field-a field
where the weevils had become so nu-
nervous that the farmer had given up
al hope of getting crop from it.
The department men went in and Gull |
.ivated it. They busted a strip down |
he middle and left the two strips on |
he sides imprisoned. One of the I'M
poisoned strips made 48 pounds of |
cotton to the acre and the other so /
pounds. The poisoned strip produced |
$50 pounds of cotton to the acre. /
That meant $168 an acre more for
hat cotton than If the plants had
lot been busted.
II could point out scores of eimi-
ar things, but these are sufficient to
how you that my estimate of 1000
er cent profit is not too high"
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-05-21

able investments supported by the
federal government. He contends
that it is earning returns of several
thousand per cent each year on the
money appropriated by congress. By
way of demonstrating his contention,
in recent speech before the United
States chamber of commerce he said !:
"The department of agriculture,
through the work of its bureaus,
makes for its stockholders-the peo-
pie of the United States-a profit of
several times 1000 per cent per year
on all the money invested in it. As
evidence that it is paying big returns
will give but a few typical items
out of large number that could be
cited. We spent s250,000 establish
ing durum wheat in this country.
The durum wheat now produced is
worth $50, 100000 year. We spent
less than 100000 introducing a rice
and establishing the industry in Cali
fornia. The rice crop in that state
is now worth s21, 100000 a year. We
spent $4,000 introducing Egyptian
cotton, breeding it up and establish
ing the industry in the arid regions
of the southwest. The American
Egyptian cotton crop is now worth
$40, 100000 a year and is increasing
every year. We discovered a serum
that prevents hog cholera and its use,
as demonstrated by the department,
has reduced the losses from that dis
ease by $40,00O,000 a year.
Experimenting
1--WE searched the world for grain
crops that could be grown in the |
southwest, where corn does not sue
coed. We spent a few thousand dol
lars introducing the grain and forage
sorghums. Last year 125, 900, 0O0I
bushels of kaffir and other grain sor-
ghums were produced there.
"The department found Gull lem
Ons and oranges in California selling
for SIS ton. It established citrus
fruit laboratory to discover uses for
these fruits. AS result growers are
now receiving from $25 to $50 ton
Tor culls, and the citrus by-products
plants, established since the depart
ment demonstrated the uses for Gull
Iruit, produced last year 6,OOO,OOO
sounds Of orange marmalade and Ii
ely, 100000 pounds Of citric acid, |,
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-05-21
MONTANA PLANTS
MILLION AND HALF
ACRES in WHEAT

There will be close to million
and half acres in wheat in Montana
this season, according to F. w. Beier,
Jr., Montana field agent for the bu-
reau of crop estimates. He says the
reports from various sections of the
state where wheat is grown indicate
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-05-21
COUNTY AGENTS
TALK OF FARMS
SUMMER PICNICS, GRASSHOP
PIERS, GOPHERS AND FARM
LABOR DISCUSSED
A. Il. Strand, State Entomologist,
Says Grasshoppers May Work
Havoc Unless Steps Are Taken to
Kill Millions of Eggs Laid Last
Year.

Summer picnics, gophers, grass
hoppers and farm labor were thu
principal subjects discussed by thu
county and home demonstration
agents of central Montana at the re
cent Great Falls meeting.
The discussions were led by j. C
Taylor, state leader of county agents
E. H. Lott and Miss Bess M. Rowe
state leader for home demonstration
agents, all of Bozeman.
One day of the meeting was devot-
ed to the discussion of summer pic
MICS. Several of these picnics were
held last summer in Cascade county
under the supervision of County
Alberta Borthwick, home demonstra-
ton agent. One of the most success
full of these was the one held at
Vaughn when a stone was erected to
Vaughn on the spot where he plowed
the first furrow in Cascade county.
GrasshOppers Are Menace
A. L. Strand, assistant state ento-
mologist of Bozeman, spoke on grass
hoppers and the serious trouble ex-
pected from these pests this year I'M
less some measure to eradicate them
is adopted very soon. Billions of eggs
were laid by the warrior grasshopper
last year, he said, and these will
hatch during May and June Poison
ed bran mash is the best method of
killing them, he said.
Gopher determination throughout
the state has met cooperation in all
of the counties represented at the
conference, according to reports
made Friday. George A. Roosevelt
of the biological survey, in charge of
the gopher work in the state, in DIS
cussing the situation, said that the
law is being enforced in all the coun-
ties where there are county agents
and that the farm bureau organiza-
lions are closely cooperating with |
the county commissioners in this |
work.
Discuss Seed Grain
Following a discussion of seed |
registration by A. J. Ogaard of Fort /
Benton, in which the best varieties |
of seed for Montana according to
and production were
taken up, the farm labor situation
was generally discussed. Farm labor
in all counties of the state has been
scarce this spring. In some places
the farmers have interchanged work
but this does not prove altogether
satisfactory. County agents and farm :
bureau members are now consider
ing measures that might relieve this
condition. |
Those in attendance at the confer I
ence were: Miss Bess Rowe, Boze-
man; Miss Alberta Borthwick, Great '
Falls; Miss Nora M. Holt, Lewis :
own; Miss Inez Swan, Helena; Miss
Gladys Kyle, Kalispe11; F. E. Mac
Spadden, Great Falls; F. H. Spring,
Hamilton; A. d. Anderson, Harlow
on; r. H. Mckee, Kalispel1; F. M.
Iillman, Thompson Falls; W. E.
'ollinger, Virginia City; William
iordon, Townsend; J. E. Bodley,
'ozeman; David Jones, Fort Benton;
[. Clarkson, Choteau; Carl Peterson,
ames Manning, Helena; J. G. Tay- is
n and E. H. Lott, assistant county hi
,ader, of Bozeman. st
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-05-21

Score one for junior project work:
A farmer got up in farm meeting
recently and said, I'm II years old
and have fed hogs all my life; but
l learned more last year watching
my girl feed her pig, than I've learn
ed the seventy years I've lived"
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-05-21

Dipping is the only practical way
to rid sheep of ticks and lice, say ex-
perienced sheep men, who further
point out that lice cause sheep to
pull their wool and thus injure the
fleece.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-05-21
AGRICULTURAL Department
is PAYING LARGE RETURNS

Secretary of Agriculture Meredith
is undertaking to demonstrate that
his department, from a financial
standpoint, is one of the most profit
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1920-05-21

The T. c. Power Company, Helena,
will be In the market, after your crop
is harvested, for grain and grass
seed. Write US.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-03
KILLING FROST IS REPORTED IN FEW
 COTTON REPORTS
Failed to Inspire Any Fresh Buying of Consequence. Increased Offerings
 After Rallies
Hx Assnciated rrssa


 New York, Oo.o1er @.--1ue first kfIIing frost reports of the season were circu- lated in the cotton market this morning but they came from only couple of points in the eastern belt and failed to inspire any fresh buying of consequence. Slight rallies were followed by increased of. fering in consequence and the selling became more active late in the morn ing on reports that 200,o0o British coal miners had struck, notwithstanding th' agreement of their leaders to postpone action. December broke from 21 91c tn G1.25c closing at that level with the general market closing weak at net decline of 13 to S5 points on all months except November which was 15 points lower.
 The market opened steady at unchanged prices to decline of 15 points. but after showing net losses of about s to 25 points rallied on the cold weather news lower condition figures than expecte' from New Orleans authority and early reports of better British labor prospects October worked back to about the pre- vious close while January sold up tc ?1.s3c or ten points net higher, hut the failure of buying to broaden was a dis appointment to recent buyers for re- action. and the market weakened during the middle of the morning under liquiia- -ton and continued southern hedge selling. Near months were relatively weak, Oc tober selling off to 22, ,25c on rumors that cotton was coming here from GeoY gia for delivery, while January broke to 0.99c. The close was at the low point If the day on most deliveries. The New Orleans report made the condition of the crop 58,9 and the indicated yield T ,951D0 bales, whIh was below the average of other private reports Re- views of the domestic goods trade req I no more favorably with western distrib- utors reporting smaller business tha,. last year. while secondhand offerings were reported at reduced prices yester- day.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-03
LS|STIL[ LEAD IN TRADING AMONG
 THE BIG FELLOWS
Many Reached Highest Quota tions for Many Months, If
 Not for the Year
By Associated Prem

New York, October 2--The week in me stock market ended very much as it began, with a further substantial ad- vance in rails, many of which were at highest levels for many months, if not for the year.
 There was a better tone to the indus trial and special issues, short covering in steels, equipments, oils, feathers and chemicals, effecting gains of 1 to points over yesterdays final prices.
 Heavy transfers of money incidensai to october settlements were reflected in the ciearing house statement which showed a decrease of about s3i, ,50o, 900 in actual cash reserve causing a deficit of slightly more than sl1, ,000,0O0 under legal requirements.
 Actual loans and discounts continued Co expand. the further increase of almost B, ,00o,000 in that item bringing the grand new high record for the year.
 Weekend advices dealing with general financial and commercial conditions were in keeping with recent conservative com ment. The most pessimistic observation was that commercial failures are increas- ing. but not alarmingly.
 Mercantile agencies and distributors of merchandise were in agreement respect ing the hesitant note sounded in the gei- iections. it was declared, compare fav- orably with this period of last year.
 Primer tendencies ruled in the bond market, especially convertible rails anu several of the seasoned industrialS. Lib erty Bonds were steady and internation- als recorded non1naI put mixed change> Total sales, par value, aggregated s. 65G GOO. Old United States bonds were un changed on call during the week.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-03
MARINE NEWS
nx Associatsd Pre.s

Mobile, october 2---Arrived: Schoon- CTS Rena A Murphy. Havana; Mar ~aret G.. Havana.
 Sailed: Munsila, Havana Laurel Rio Santos. Bshaia Blanca: Eggesford Gibraltar: Lake Guni. wlndward rs- 'ands: Tug Gernicola. Tuxpam. Mex .co
 New Orleans. October z.--cleared: British Mator tBr,sish,. Isodon: Co., huiIa fM-xican,, Tampico and Vera ~ruz: F'mirante New Ycrk,, Fl vaiie. New York: Back lake. Fontan~t. ' eith. Scotland via Norfolk. Lake, Gi't Td~e. Demarar> via C~esa'cupe, Bar ha does ana Trinidad. Oscar p Raprett rsrrriro fr-i'ian,. Avnnmonsh and Liv- .rrooi. via vo-eo'k' Te@rr'~s'-a fyvon- Suran). Ca'ha: Te~as CFranch,. Bor- ..a"x and Hav~.. vs-n.ehe- fs-it'-h,. .hsw. Hor'hr~~. westland. Hull, Eng. land. via Norfolk.
 Port Fads. October s-Arrived: G. Iebas Mayu Iapar,. Havana. Cnai- mette Havana: Copsn fHonduran,. Ccrtex: Ipcerrs fBrifish> United wiwgdom: Parismina Rocas del Toro re~ueiEAlpa fHonduran,, ceiha: Ire sr'ian fBritish). oebraitaS: Yuma. FYontePa.
 Sailed: AbansurOA BocaS NeI Toro. via Havana. Kingston and Christibai: HurRondier fBrittxh,, Aptwerp; Ambva. tNorwegian>. Sabine: GippeBams. Port Barrios. via. Beiise; Camilla Glbe rt tNorweriar). via Genoa Norfolk Du- nuesme. Philadelphia: Holden Evans, Tampico: John M. Connolly. St. Thorn ss. virsin Islands Marta. Porto Rico Norma Teia. via Truyiiia; Sara Macca. Port Barrios. via Fe'i-e and Tela: Tam~ Tampico: Williamson. Tampico
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-03
WEEKLY COTTON REVIEW
By Asaaciatssi Pxes.


 New York. October 2,-Unsettled con- ditions in raw cotton markets, coupleu with the light demand from the convert ing and jobbing trades, have brought about renewal of liquidation in cotton goods and cotton yarn prices. Curtail- ment of production in manufacturing centers has been increasing and in most cases It has been brought about by the expiration of contracts and inability to secure additional business.
 Other merchandising conditions of this sort delay a readjustment, and the trade Is now inclined to look for little m- provement until after the national elec- tions. At q meeting of finishers ami converters this week it was agreed that the reduced finishing costs could not be made in the immediate future. ani this hampers converters in their buying of cloths for future treatment. Tn pr.- mary cotton goods circles 1t is con- tended that establishments are now be- ing held up by the maintenance of prices in retail channels. where the liquidation of high-cost goods is making slow prog ress. Stocks of goods in converting and iobbing channels are very light and lily assorted as a rule.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-03
GRAIN PRICES GO T0LOWEST OF TIE
 PRESENT SEASON
Wheat Sentiment Was Bearish With a Leaning Toward a Pre-War Adjustment
 of Prices
By AssocIated Prrss

Chicago October 2.-The lowest prices Of the season were reached today in all grain, there being a complete reversal of form in the markets. Cash corn start ed about To lower, and when this news reached the pit there was general rush on the part of early buyers to liqudate.
 At the finish wheat was off 3Ac to 4xc with December s2.o7 to s2. .o7,s, and March $2.OS to $2.0SA. Corn showed a net loss of Zc to 6c, while oats were down 1Mc to Ike. Provisions ranged from 2oc lower to 10c higher
 sentiment in wheat was generally bear ish, and readjustment of prices to a postwar basis seemed much in evidence. small lot of wheat was sold to ex- porters late yesterday. but it was almost impossible to sell wheat to exporters to- day, and offers at yesterdays prices failed to bring any replies, although there was, some early buying of the cereal Tor seaboard account.
 Oats were in sympathy with other grains and finished at the low point of the day.
 Provisions were unable to retain their best prices due to the weakness in grains
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-03
FLOUR SITUATION

M1nneape11a. Oeto6ne 1-U7oSs. eeottnsed fts decline of the pnst week whe1 M dFoppeA = eeots . barrel st eas ~ the Iarwest snalRs here todsy. TAls na1 reAseed its prsee fer family patents iron oll.Sa to e11.so barrel tAa lswesl Qusta- tleo fer thst grede since March. ts1e other flour esaeesns 0ueted aneAangoa ir1ees leaay.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-03
Huhhard Rfos. & Co,

York Members New York Cotton Exeaange
 New Orleans Cotton Exchange New Yorl Produce Exchange Assoelated Members Lis, yrpooI Cotton Association Orders solicit for She purchase and sale of Cotton ans Cotton Seed Oil for future delivery Sl sshl attention and ESeral terms given for COD sisnment Of spct cotton for delivery Cor
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-03
Cotton Seed on

New York. October 1-Cotton saed oil was duh and fsatureless. leading months closing to 3 points net higher. Shorts were the buyers. while selling looked like putting out hedges Sales. $500 barrels. Prime crude. -$s:S0: price summer yellow. spot and October closed N3; December, s12 g: March, $1s.o1. all bid. Prime win ter yellow and summer vhits nominaL
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-03

American Tel. & Tel cv. ss =. ssL Angio-French 5s " 995s Atchison gen. 4s ............ 77Ls Atlantic Coast Line 1st 4s ..... 76&s Baltimore & Ohio cv. 4 iks ..... 71is Bethlehem Steel ref. 5s ... 7S!h Central of Georgia con. 5s, bid.. S2ht Central Leather 5s ............ 90A Chesapeake & Ohio cv. 5s ..... S7% Chicago. B. & Quincy joint As ... s57s Chicago, Mil & St P. cv. 4zs ... 14h Chicago. R. L & Pac. Ky. ref 4s Il City of Paris ss s............ s4% Colorado Southern ref 4hs ... 77 Denver & Rio Grande con. 4s... 67 . Dominion of Canada 5s (193i) .. sois Erie gen. 4s .i................. 4S% Illinois Central ref. As, bid ..... 75 $ Inter. Mer. Marine 6s .. S25s Kansas City Southern ref 5s... 75 Liggett & Myers 5s, bid SSB Louis. & Nashville un. 4s, bid... S1h Mo. Kan. & Texas 1st 4s ....... s2% Missou-' ''sc'flc zen. As .,....... 6s3 New York Central deb. 6s s2E Norfolk & Western cv. ss ...... 1o4 Northern Pacific 4s ............ 7s1s Pennsylvania gen. 5s ......-.- 90 Reading gen Is ........... soM Republic Iron & S. 5s (1s40), bid SS St. Louis & San Fran. adj. 6s 674 Seaboard Air Line adj. 6s ...... 40A
 southern Bell Telephone 6s Szk Southern Pacific cv 5s .....-.-. 102 Southern Railway 5s ........... sSh Southern Railway gen. Is -...... 62 Texas & Pacific 1st ............ S5h Union Pacific 4s .............. s2 United Kingdom of G. B. & L
 5hs G937) .........---...... 70 "a U. s. Steel 5s s................ s1% va.-Caroiina Chemical 5s ....... SIX Wabash ist ssA Wilson & Go. cv. 6s ........... s4
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-10-03
New Orlean. s,otton


 New Orleans, October 2-The closing session of the weak in cotton drought heavy selling, mainly the result of cable srams from London stating that over Doooo Welsh coal miner had s,ruok. Be- tore the news was received considerable selling was done tn the c,ea and dry weather prevailing over the cotton region. which most traders considered would greatly increase the movement of the new crop. At the lowest of the day prices ws.e 25 to 110 points under the closing of yesterday and last prices were at net losses of 70 to 100 points Toward &he end sellii pressure was lessened by reports fron Ga weston of another fire 'n the cotton district there
 For V hile in the early tradingx fair " good demand came from covering shorts but October at no time was at a net advance. Later months at their hest were >to p roints up compared with yesterdays close. Cctcher's highest price was NSOc, which was also yesterday :; last price. From this level the decline carried the spot month to 20.70c, the close being at 2o6o. October's weakness aD- peared to be due to the fear of tenders ana to response to lower prices in the spot markets of the interior. One re. suit of the days trading was greatly to narrow the difference between months New O~s~-~s Evtuves By Associated rress New Orleans, October 2-rhe cotton market closed steady at net decline of 20 to 100 points.