davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1920-01-15
Sanitation Lackino in Army,

TOkiO.-That a chief cause for the
recent reverses of the Siberian army
was to be found in its unsanitary con-
dtiOns was the opinion expressed re-
Gently by Col. r. Il. Teusler, American
Red Cross commissioner to Siberia.
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1920-01-15

non, a generals place is the battle front
whether or not the style of fighting has changed
since the Civil and the Spansh-American war.
and Sherwood moved to tell something about
the style of fighting he in the Civil war.
Now Sherwood of Ohio saw whole lot of fight
ing in the Civil He enlisted as private in
the Fourteenth Ohio infantry April 10. 1861, and
was mustered out brigadier general October
s, 1865. He was in 43 battles and was 123 DAYS
under fire. He six times complimented in
special orders by commanding generals for gallant
conduct in battle So. few living men nave seen
what he has seen.
emitting the controversial parts. and ernphasfz-
ing the historical parts of real value General Sher
woods address was in part follows:
Mr. Sherwood.-Now. as to the question Of our
style Of fighting in the Civil war There stands
To-Day as 1t stood over half century ago in from
OF the town of Franklin Tenn, on the highest
point OF the ridge, large linden tree 1t was half
past three in the afternoon of November 20 1894
when General Hood commanding 10000 veteran
soldiers rode unattended to that tree threw the
stump Of the leg that was shot off at Cbicka
manga over the pommel of the saddle drew o,+ his
field glass, and looking across the valley "a the
position of the Union army. 1t was the silence
mat always precedes great battle. Presently tho
silence was broken by the soft strains of music
which hoated up from the town below II was tho
Federal band playing Just before the battle
mother The men in gray the hill and tho
men in blue in the valley below listened There
were tears in many eyes, as the pathetic words
were well remembered:
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1920-01-15

tahli~hed "a front skirmi~h
line in easy view OF the
Confederate breustworks-
General sherman came 10
my outpost and. standing
in front Of n tree. took ont
his field glass 70 survey
the Confederate lines.
Just then "a sharpshooter
concealed in the folin-c
Of a tree made q line shot
az General sherman. The
bullet piercing the tree
about two feet above his
head. But he never took
down his field glass. LAP
plause.l only few min
utes later the roar 81 mr.
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1920-01-15
sensationaI Tale Denied by Pct

Washington. Charges "l"'
n house war investigating co""7
that lives of American S''"''''
wasted in needless ATTACKS o."
tice day are denied in q ''''r
General Ter hing made p'"''
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1920-01-15

Washington. president Wl'H".
an extended walk IN the VIM =
grounds sunday. accompanied wy
Wilson. This was an 'c''y r.,
day" In Washington. and the pre-
took advantage Of the mia W."
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1920-03-20

Copyright 1870 By International Feature Service Inc
Britain Rights Reserved Registered Q. Patent Ohics
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
Hundreds OF Baseball .
Fans Pay Respect. To
Unfortunate Player

i Boston, Aug. s1S.--The explanation
((1by Carl Mays OF the. New York Amer
leans that the killing Of Ray Chap
man. sstar shortstop Of the Cleveland
due to "a rough spot on the
ball Mays pitched which caused it to
take ian unexpected twist. was the
subject Of a statement today by Um-
pres William Evans and William
Dineen Of the American league.
NO pitcher in the. American. league
resorted to trickery more than Carl
Mays in attempting to rough a ball in
order to get q break on It which
the statement said. Until the new
pitching rules came into force which
put a severe penalty OF a pitcher
roughing the ball, Mays #constantly
used to drag the bal r the pitch
ing rubber in order to roughen the
surface. Hundreds Of balls were
thrown out everygyearahecause Of this
The umpires took notice ofSsa4re-
mark attributed to Mays that Umpire
Thomas Connolly. who! was behind
the plate. was Responsible, for the ac-
tcident because he, permitted a rough
ball to stay in the game. The UNI
pires characterized this alleged state
}ment as an "alibi'' that came With
poor grace from the pitcher.
"a short time 6 they added,
dent johnson that too many. balls
were being thrown -out. President
Johnson sent u bulletin teiling the
urnpires 70 keep the sbailsss IN the
games as much as possible. except
those which were dangeroue.vs & Viii
The players o fthe Boston andsD De-
itrott clubs who were at the point yes
NHov. ~ -0{MSN{MS 81 Ak1k&AAtA f>~x.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
10 HAVE GOOD E a

Eugene, Ore. Aug. 1s.-Three as
sistant coaches under Shy Hunting
ton. head coach, and Trainer "Bill'
Hayward, will mold a football team
from the squad ordered out to prac-
tice at the University Of Oregon here.
All the coaches are veterans OF Ore.
gon varsity teams.
OregOn's eleven last year claimed
the championship Of the Pacific coast
conferences. At. Pasadena, Cal, New
Years day. the team held Harvard tc
a rs score.
William K. Bartlett has been named
coach OF the freshman team with Basfl
Williams AZ his assistant. Bart Spell.
MI will serve as line coach again.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
L! ATHLETES
4 C|A |
OLY'lMP|lCHON0RS
Boiling Sun Causes Commit
tie 10 Make Changes in
Rulings.

olympic Stadium, Antwerp, Aug. Is.
This mornings events in the Olym-
pic Games were u under a boiling
N. Announcement was made that.
although the Olympic rules prohibited
~. the marathon committee had decid-
eventson Sunday to receive refresh
rent enrouts. Stations will be
established each five miles, where run
ners may arrange to have their favo-
rite refreshments awaiting them.
Four Qualify.
Americans qualified for the
finals in the 5000 meter s~teeplechase
Michael Devanney. Melrose A.. c.;
Patrick Flynn, Paulist A. c.; r. B..
Watson, Kansas State Agricultural
College, and Al Hulsenbosch, Paulist
A g.
Honors for Canada.
Earl Thompson, Dartmouth College
star, who is representing Canada in
the Olympic Games. today won the
final heat OF the 10 meter hurdles,
hanging up a new worlds record Of
IA 1-5 secvonda H E. Barron Of
the Meadowbrook club, Philadelphia.
was second, INC Fred S.. Murray Of
the New York A. c., third: Wilson Of
New Zealand was fourth, Walker
Smith of the Chicago A. A., fifth: and
Carl Christensen of Sweden. sixth.
The old record for the event, both.
Olympic and worlds was Is seconds
a9' !. Finland Wins. r.
The final of the shot put was won
by Porkola of Finland who put the
16 pound shot 1881 meters. Mix
lander of Finland, was second, with
14-16 1-2 meters: H. B. Liversedge, u.
s N, third, with 14.15 meters; p. J..
Mcdonald, New York A. c.. fourth,
with 14.08, meters; Nilsson of Sweden,
fifth with 1897 meters, and TANNER
Of Esthonia. sixth, with 1850 meters.
GEO First Place.
Americans captured the first two plac-
e in the qualifying round of the 16
pound hammer throw today while an
other American took fifth place. Pat
rick j. Ryan of the Loughlfn Lyceum,
New York, threw the hammer $3.50
meters, 1911 meters short of the Olym-
PIC record made by NJ. J.. McGrath
OF the New York A. c.. at Stockholm
in 1912. B. Bennett of the Chicago
"A. a.. was second, with 1928 meters.
McGrath. the other American to quail
fy. took fifth place with 46 81 meters.
Nc Grath has a bad knee which he
strained in practice this morning and
It is feared he may be forced to re-
main out of the Sc pound weight
event,
Two Men Eentered.
America was represented by only
W of three qualified entrants in the
final heat of The 10000 meter walk in
the fourth days contest of the seventh
4 OlynpiaG. The event was captured
bw Frigerio OF Italy. who won by
three quarters Of a lap from J.. b.
Pearman. Of the New York A. c., in
As minutes Sis seconds.
Williap Plant of the Morningside
a.. C., New York. reported a groin
srain this morning, which, it is be-
lieved, will put him out Of further
competition in theNpresent games.
Pearman finished second in good
form, beating c. E. j. Gum. of Eng
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
DUIUTH
u 49,
sit
GRAIN.

.5a sEs tkiF GRAIN
Duluth, MIMI. Aug. i8.-Elevator
receipts Of; domestic Grain: Wheat. ST.
345 buslsels.
shipnnents Of domestic grain: wheat
5s,2S1;fdax 6ssS33 bushels.
Elevator receipts 81 bonded grain:
whsats6S8., 4 s4@s4
shtpments Of bonded grain: FLAX
tss7. N s
Duluth car ;tnspecton: wheat. MOI
ana : dark northern, and Nos anda2
northern, D. dark northern, ahdGs NO.
J northern; /; other SPRING Z; Nos. ]
ana 1amber durum. andaHyos. 1 and 2
durum. 1; No. 3 amber sdurum. and
No. 3 sdurum, 8 other sdurum, !; Nos.
a and 3 dark hard winter and Nos. i
1and&2 hard winter 8 mixed 2s; total
wheat440;; hAx III mixed grain &; oats
frye 80; barley 3:gStotal5 Of all grains
1855 on track 10.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18

aGikAIN

Chicago Aags receipts
had limited eelIing4pn16gure Afsasthe
ttart today cadsedsWhe1t to sopenE1-2
10. ste higher, With Decenbers#s$2..39
and March u. 41. Prices thovered
around here for the FIRST. HON, Afstsr
and, became ssss aS aSls &S ss
Corr started in sympathy with
Yheat, opening quotakions beingk u
chankedSto s7.1c higher, with Sentern-
her $1.4t 3-4 @1.49 and XXI December
a$1.36@ lsz6 IL. EXPERIMENTATION
and it took but little buying ~ com
mission, houses to make the market
Nehraskaan ma KansSsSlsed i goma
strensth. Th h,ss =. s- ] .nrht a trade 4
oats which started unchanged to 1-2c
higher. with September Es69 l-4@s9
s398g and December 969 s1-8N@6 SO I'D.
Continuation ofsSthe pressure which
was. y noticeable yesterday caused
the, market TO break but II . raj
lied and advanced. Z eg II Scsis
Kansas and 8 giving out OF the buying
power later led to q sharp reaction II
corn, with the support lacking on the
way down.3At the hnishs prices show
ed q net loss.of II Ia to- 3 1-4c with
September $1.46 to $l.45ft 1-S and De.
Scembef 1.22 rs to liza
Provisions Were quiet and easy,
there being nothing doing early Ia
pork while September. lard was down
sc and October4up &c with ribs aver
aging &c to 10c higher. i3 NE 81. I
Trade continued light IN wheat, Al.
though there was q good shipping
business under way In cssh grain, and
the market eased on with nnal quota.
lfI0na 1.4cH 70 S1.zc1nhnvA veetAr8avsa
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18

Buen06 Aires, Aug. 5Ag l7.%1-Jullog
Acosta, q membersof the chanhber sc
deputies, presented 1t today,s session
cksthat bodya resolution endorsing.
the stand Of the United States and
France relative to Poland. He Was
BY. the deputies g ne
spoke In support of HIS motion.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
N El,'IIl' NEWS


N2sfsE sritp TssSES |S-
Il Nsw York. Arr sfNss:s--s { uiun 4 !
steHk market this nsorning extended
tS1bath6r md metal issues sReet 5suSar
FELL 3 s1-3 ssspoints,SsA mencanSssliGar !,
Ia. National ieads2 3s4ssalndsH Hide and
leather and 81 dicptt,sJ one
point each.ssI This ffSetshyssupport.
ing orders IN. the priced #petsols7
Sums, independent asteelA,S teqlipment4
and motors Sandss theft ac~cSssofies,,
among NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. over ylster-
d s,y fln ,: prices ..T.AEsa ffen eng e
market becams ,irEesuiar aKains bsfors
noon when. renewed weaknesss}d svel-
'oped among. the cheaper SoitA Call
money opened ata7 per cent, bnty high
..er. rates later insthe sessionswe pre-
.dicted. .E IN a 5a Ss%st 4%s
The stock market; presented no Tea,
lures of interest atatheSopeningSo1 t
days session: Changes among lead.
ers In the industrial division ware
mainly, upward ssteels, oils md mo-
ering. This also applied to shtppings
and some Of the more popular food
issues. Rails were almost g.entirely
neglected; and related equipments
were irregular. Prices suiferedSa gem
erals setback within the .ftst half
hour, however, when sugar shares
gave way under selling pressure.
The market improved temporarily
during the acknowledgements with
EReplogles Steel and Pittsburgh Coal.
as the Outstanding features Another
setback occurred later, Showever,w when.
the active equipments Z Lost ground,
Baldwin and American locomotives
and American Car declining a to. 2
points. s4.@
Higher rates for call money and re
current weakness among promineQt
industrials caused further unsettlesS
ment for a time in the final:hour, but
there was a sharp rally later on short
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
not scheduled.
ASSOCIATION.

Games Yesterday.
Indianapolis 4, ST. Paul s.
Louisville z. Minneapolis II.
Toledo Q. Milwaukee 8.
Columbus 6. Kansas City 8.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
AMERICAN LEAGUE

Games Yesterday.
St. Louis TO, Washington $40.
Detroit 3-3, Boston Al.
Clevelahd-New York postponed
death.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
LIBERTY BONDS,

New York. Aug 1s:-Cotton futures
closed steady: October 4z3.75 s; Decexn.
Der $500: January 27.32; March IL
90; May 26.71. ~ s ~
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
GRAIN AND Mnm.

MINNEAPOLIS. Aus. 1S.-E1onrs,un-.
chansed to 10 cents higher; IN car
lots fazr1ay patents quoted At
$11.4bO 1870 a barrel stnsssASs pound
cotton sacks shipments $3.50 bar-
rels. 65E5 III. ~ "A "a
Bran 1890. s /.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
WEST MAKES SHOWING,

San Francisco, Aug. 1s.-Ten Of the
twenty-nine athletes sent by the
United States army to the Antwerp
Olympic games and from western
states according to information re-
ceived by the army recruiting news
service here.
Six westerners are on the wrestling
team. They are Lieut.. Tom r. Denny,
Butte. Mont; Corporal J.. A.. Bond
Ogden, Utah; Corporal IS. Granroae
Lyons. Colo; Corporal Brian Martin
Spokane, Wash; Private Paul zano.
line, Starkville, Colo. and Private L
A. Kelsey, Oakland Cal.
Major Robert Sears Of Washington
state will compete in the modern
pentathlon, Lieut.. Don M. Scott. Clay.
ton, N. NJ, is entered in theS5O0 meter
run: Sergeant Theodore Schneider
Abercrombie. N. D.. is in the II;
pound boxing entries and Private FREQ
W Colberg, Camas. Wash, is in the
147 pound class.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
The PENNANT RACE
NATIONAL

Games Yesterday.
Cincinnati g., Chicago 2.
New York So, Philadelphia rs.
Pittsburgh 10. st. Louis s..
Others not scheduled.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
IS " s.

land, Nv 40 yards. r. All Maroney of
s. Anselm's A. G.. New York. finished
sixth, thus scoring n point for his
The Italian, Pavesi. was disqualified
in the thirteenth lap for running,
when he " = close fourth.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
REulPTs

Minneapolis, Aug. 1s.-Wheat :
cedpts 20s cars compared with 354
cars ayear ago. II s%
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
Two Home Run1neor saints.

st. Paul, Minn., Aug. 1s.-Har-
graves home run put st. Paul IN the
lead and the champions won from
Indianapolis yesterday. 8 to 4. Haas,
homer n. the eighth added two to tho
Saints total. 4.
Indianapolis oe2 90 ooo-z i
st Paul !. IS. 100 o31 sox-ss s
Petty and HI a.lrnt,e AerrittfaIn "a
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18

William Spengler, Q member cf
the New York city police force, will
represent America in the Olympic
boxing championships in. Antwerp
this summer. Spengler sis5a shsayy-
weight. 80. n, Do; q
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
ATTIC LEAGUE
Phillies Pick On In Ninth,

Philadelphia; Aug. 1s.-Philadel-
phta's ninth inning rally marked both
games Of yesterdays double header,
the locals winning the second, 8 to q.
after New York had taken the first
game in ten innings. s TO z. Young's
double, Frisch's single and Kelly's
sacrifice scored the, winning run in
the first game. Manager Cravath
started his teams victorious drive / IN
n second contest with a two-bagger,
Miller then won the game.
First game n
New York. 900 o7o 900 Is IL i
Philadelphia OILS 01O 1O1 % IA /
,Toney, Dauglas, Barnes and sny-
der; Rixey, Meadows, Belts. G. Smith
and Wheat.
Second game
New York b. 900 oo2 200 8 /
Philadelphia 900 90. o02-3 10 /
Nehf and Snyder: Hubbell and Ira
gresser.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
Millers Rally in seyenth.

Minneapolis, Mimi. Aug. 1s.-Min-
neapolis rallied in the seventh and
eighth Yesterday and defeated Louis
vile, II to Z. Eleven two base hits
were made. even Of them by the To-
Gals. Walter Carlysle. 2outfielder, re-
Gently released by Kansas City. Joined
the Miilers today.
r. Fl. E..
Louisville =. 100 251 ooo-T 8 3
Minneapolis . 1o1 100 44x--l Is 8
Graham. Wright and Meyers;
James. Robertson, schauer and May
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
Doubles win for Cincinnati.

Doubles Win for Cincinnati.
Chicago, Aug. 18.-In a tight game
Cincinnati defeated Chicago yesterday,
3 to 2. doubles by Sticking and Allen.
after W were out in the ninth, Civ
ing the winning run to- Cincinnati.
Robertson's home run with one on
base in the eighth permitted Chicago
to tie the count. Eller struck out
nine men. Vaughn held the cham
pions to seven hits. but four were
doubles.
r. H. E..
Cincinnati ~. 100 900 OILS Z i
Chicago $3.50. 900 900 o2o-2 6 /
Eller and Allen; Vaughn and Daily.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
schupp Hard Hit.

Schupp Hard Hit.
St. Louis Aug. 1s.-Pittsburgh de-
feated St Louis 10 to 6 yesterday,
hitting Schupp hard and piling, up a
lead the locals were unable to over
come, despite a belated rally. The
alag was floated at half-mast In
memory of Ray Chapman.
r. II. e.
Pittsburgh 4. 2o1 $50 1910 Is 3
st. Louis ..:. 900 O03 300 IA 8
Cooper. Carlson and Haeffner;
schupp. Goodwin, Scott. Glenn and
Dilhoeffer.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
AMERICAN ASSN
K. c Loses to columbus.

Kansas City, Mo-. Aug. 1s.-Cdg
umbus won from Kansas City yesterr--'
day when First Baseman Henry trip,
led in the eighth with two men on.
bases and then scored on Brainerd's.
single. The score was 6 to g.. Aat%
co,nmh,,. o.o ooo o,o. =; q; = ;
Ransas City =; !. s ssS S 9 S SsS-ss 8 !
Mulrenan and Kelly: Reynolds and
Sweeney.
Won Two Extra Inning Games.
Milwaukee, Wis, Aug. 1s.-Mil-
waukee won its second extra inning
game in two days yesterday when
Brady hit Houser with a pitched ball
in the tenth with the bases full, fore
ing in Gfearin with the winning run.
The score was 8 to 2.
R. H. =.
Toledo 3. 100000 900 o. s 5
Milwaukee 100 100 600 ID 8 o
Brady and Mcneil: Northrop. and
CASTOR.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-08-18
AMERICAN LEAGUE
BOSTON and Detroat DIVIDE.

Boston. and Detroit Divide.
Boston, Aug. 1S.-Boston and De-
troit o and lost in a double head
er yesterday. Boston winning the first
game, 4 to- 3, and Detroit the second,
3 to l.. The first game was decided
double and three singles scored four
runs. Ehmke had the better Of Har-
per in the second game. The Fen
way park flag hung at half-mast IN
memory OF Ray Chapman.
Detroit 900 oo2 oo1-s IL o
Boston $500. 400 900 00x-4 10 i
Oldham and stanage; Jones and
Detroit 100 oo1 oo1-s II Il. : i
Boston $500. 900 900 100
Ehmke and stanage; Harper and
Schange.
Courtney Hammered In Ninth.
Washington. Aug. ,1s.@St. Louis
and Washington split even In a-dou-
taking the first game 9 to Q and the
locals winning 10 to 9, in the final.
a free hitting contest which went Ii
innings. The opening game. after one
score being made in the first inning.
Courtney BANKED the Browns until
the ninth, when he was hammered
for six runs.
First Game r. H.. e.
St. Louis So. 100 900 o0e-7 10 1
Solzon.' Burwell, Shocker and Bill
ings: Courtney and Charity.
Second Came, r. H, o..
St. Louis 500 121 oo2 oo-s ~ :,
Wash. ~. 100 COS $50 01-10 is 3:
Lynch, Burwell, Weilman, vangil-
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-01-16
QUAKERS TRY OUT
ROWING MACHINES
Coach Wright Pleased With
Work of Men at Indoor
Practice
BRAkE-BAND ATTACHMENT T

From the appearance of the new row.
ing machines that Coach Wright in
stalled yesterday for use in the traiing
of Penn's oarsmen, all that will be
necessary to assure the thrills of actual
outdoor rowing is the splash. The new
machines are singular in that even the
blades of the oars are there. The oars
men will no longer be able to fool the
observing Canadian tutor by not "skim
ming the water properly, as can be
readily done with the old type of ma
chine.
From mechanical point of view the
principle of the old machines of hy
draulic pressure to serve as resistance
is substituted in the new Kearns ma
chine by brake- band attachment SINH
lar to the article of like name familiar
to autoists Two leather straps perform
the function of band, and when the
oarsman pulls heftily on his oar friction
sets in which causes the leather straps
to tighten and create a resistance to the
efforts of the man.
In speaking of the relative merits
of the two machines, Coach Wright
stated: '"The Kearns machine is with
out an equal it is used considerably in
luth Boat Club. The principle advan-
tage of the new type, in addition to the
presence of the blade, is it's similarity
to shell, particularly in the relation
of the seat to the foot rests. which gives
wider range to the benefits to be ac
quired from the indoor practice. The
new man will be in better position to
familiarize himself with actual river
rowing when the outdoor training be.
gins this SPRING
The four new machines complete
Coach Wright's original plans of having
two eghts i'll the rowing room. Some
fourteen full crews work on the ma