davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

4
DR.. Billiard. osteopath. 70 w. Main
DR.. Graham. osteopath. Masonic
Temple
Beef boil Is cents per pound
Workshops Banner Market.
Miss Lucille Whittle. Of Waterloo
spent the week end In the city with
Miss Gladys Cronk.
Mutual Life Insurance Company
OF Now York. Fl. w. Shove g. Son
district managers. Masonic Temple.
Round. sirloin or Porter house
steak 40 cents per pound at Nord-
skog's Banner Market.-Advertise
ment.
Just received a large shipment o.
Violet Ray lenses. Can tit most an.
size cur at this time. Oldsmobile
Motor Company. 1920 South Second
avenue.
Lead and oil Is the best house
paint made. Let us figure on you,
painting, we use It. Everist Wall
Paper House, opposite Methods,
church.
Ralph Van Horn left Saturday
night for Emerson, N. D.. where he
will remain several days to look
after farming interests Of Mrs. Van
Horns aunt, Miss Lou Hole.
-
e. Hepner, who has been receiving
treatment at the Deaconess hospital
for the last five weeks returned to
his home. 211 East South street, sun
day. His condition is much improved.
We have full limo Of plumbi,s,
fixtures. bath, Avatory, sinks, water
closets, extra heavy range boiler.
Everything in the plumbing line. A.
G. Burgess. 8 East State street,
phone 1894.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Zierath ana
daughter Agnes, of Rochester. Mimi.
arrived Saturday at tho home OF Mrs.
Zierath's sister, Mrs. C. Z. Pearson.
where they will NAVE tyo weeks
visit. They will also visit with Chris
Showalter at Gilman.
Mrs. Lou McElroy Patterson. OF
London. England, is visiting at the
homo Of her mother, Mrs. Lou Nc
Elroy. Mrs. Patterson left England
for this city as soon as she could
get passage after receiving word Of
the dangerous sickness Of her father,
T. D. McTlroy.
have u party who has the right to
buy some moro stock Of the Western
Grocer Company and would like to
borrow one to five thousand dollars
for either short or long time. giving
securities twice tho value Of the loan.
Do you want to make a loan? Cali
mo at Let's Fletcher building. w. T.
Smith.
Mr.. and Mrs. e. =. Cunningham,
and daughters. Jeanette and Marga-
ret, Of Rock Island. ILL.,. who have
been visiting at tho home Of MT.
Cunningham's brother Ralph Cum
bingham. OF Baxter. were in the city
this morning on their way TO Mason
City for weeks visit with rela-
tives.
James 8. swingley and W. r..
Flower, Jr- the latter now Of Des
Moines, will leave Tuesday for White
Sulphur Springs, w. Va. to attend
the annual agency club conference Of
the Equitable Life Of New York.
The conference opens Thursday and
Is to continue for several days. A
number Of side trips have been
11or,>od ana tho local aronfa eYpact
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Mr.. and Mrs. Carl West. S05 East
Church street, are the parents of a
girl born at the Deaconess hospital
this morning.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Beef boil Is cents per pound
Nordskog's Banner Market,
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Miss Harriet Owens. who is attend
Ing business school in the city. spent
Saturday and Sunday at her home In
Trear.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Mr.. and Mrs. Georges Albertson,
Of st. Paul, who have been visiting
Mrs. Albsrtson's uncle Elmer Burns,
OF rear st. Anthony. were in the city
this morning on their way home.
They were accompanied homo by
Miss Elisabeth Burns.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Just received large shipment Of
Violet Ray lenses. Can tit most any
size cur at this time. Oldsmobile
Motor Company. 1920 South Second
avenue.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

John Amblad, son Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Charles Amblad. 205 South Fifth
street. who was taken sick with scar
let fever Thursday. Is seriously ILL.,.
He was thought not to be as we'll to-
day as Sunday.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Dom Bateson. who travels for the
Des Moines Paige motor car agency
with northeast lows as his territory.
has made this city his headquarters
and will move his family here Us
soorl AZ he can ret q house.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Mrs. A. L. Leonard. Of Delhi. Mimi,
is making ten days visit with her
parents. Mr.. and Mrs. John Hobbs,
and with friends in Albion.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

DR.. Billiard. osteopath. 70 w. Main
->---->N>.--
DR.. Graham, osteopath, Masonic
Temple.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Central Bakery Lunch Room serves
home cooking and home baking.
Fresh bread and pastry every day.
Come in and convince yourself, 234
East Main street. 0. Haakenson,
proprietor.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Mrs. Clyde Anderson. OF Albion,
| was In the city Saturday.
Registered thoroughbred Airednle
pups for sale. Phone 1801.--Adver-
tisement.
Miss Harriet Owens, who is attend
Ing business school in the city. spent
Saturday and Sunday at her home In
Trear.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl West, 305 East
| Church street, are the parents of a
girl born at the Deaconess hospital
this morning.
Mrs. A. l.. Leonard. Of Delhi. Mimi,
is making a ten days visit with her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. John Hobbs,
and with friends in Albion.
Central Bakery Lunch Room serves
home cooking and home baking.
Fresh bread and pastry every day.
Come in and convince yourself, 234
East Main street. o. Haakenson.
proprietor.
John Amblad, son of Mr.. and Mrs
Charles Amblad. 205 South Fifth
street. who was taken siok with scar
let fever Thursday Is seriously ILL.,
He was thought not to be as we'll to-
day as Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edgar Pence, OF
Rochester. N. Y. were in the city
this morning on their way to Laurel,
where they will visit at the home OF
Mrs. Fences parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Theodore Becker.
Musical and literary concert at
Presbyterian church Monday. July
10, s o'clock, by Misses Betty Car
penter, Catherine Lands and Carol
lHoughton. Auspices Christian En-
deavor Society. Admission 25 and
IS cents. A treat hard to beat. Com
mittee.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. E. Lippitt left
Saturday night for Sterling, Colo,
where they will visit for month
with his father, Theodore Lippitt.
While Mr.. Lippitt remains with his
father, Mrs. Lippitt will go on to
Billings, Mont, to spend a month
with her relatives,
Mr.. and Mrs. Jerome S. Hull. and
daughter, formerly OF this city. who
have been living In Onawa for twelve
years. are in the city for short visit
with relatives. Mr.. Hull who was
employed by the American Express
Company while living here, now Is
agent for the American Railway Elk.
press Company at Onawa.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Mrs. Clyde Anderson. OF Albion,
was In the city Saturday.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Mr.. and Mrs. Edgar Pence, OF
Rochester. N. Y. were In the city
this morning on their way to Laurel,
where they will visit at the home OF
Mrs. Fences parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Theodore Becker.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Registered thoroughbred Airedale
pups for sale. Phone 1801.--Adver-
tisement.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Des NIoines. were In the city Sunday
visiting friends.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Lead and oil is the best house
paint made. Let us figure on your
painting, we use It. Everist Wall
Paper House, opposite Methodist
church
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Mr.. and Mrs. N. S. Carpenter, Mrs.
limo Barber and sons, Harold and
John, Of Eldora, spent Sunday in the
city.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Miss Christine Wrage spent Sun
day ct her home in Liberty town
ship.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Miss Gladys Houghton, Of Oslsaloo-
sa, visited in the city over Sunday
with Miss Vera Schmidt,
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Andrews ana
family, Of Spring Valley Mimi. ar
rivel In the city Saturday for few
days visit with their parents Mr.. and
Mrs. n. w. Lounsberry and Mr.. and
Mrs. James Andrews.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

For Sale - Modern seven room
house In Second ward, fine location,
good terms. Price $4,7o0, Clemens
& Har.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

For moro and better bread use
Betsy Ross flour.-Advertisem
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Ralph Van Horn left Saturday
night for Emerson, N. D., where he
will remain several days to look
after farming interests Of Mrs. Van
Horns aunt, Miss Lou Hole.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1920-07-19

Mrs. william r. Barr, and Mrs
Frank Zielske. OF New Sharon, visit.
cd relatives ut the Deaconess hos.
pital Saturday.
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
WENT TO HEAVEN IN AUTO
Novelty in Burning of Effigy of Ma chine at the Grave of Wealthy
 Chinaman.

It Is the custom of the Chinese to burn various kinds of effigies at the funeral ceremonies of the rich, and the more wealthy the departed the more elaborate the figures burned over his grave. These effigies represent every manner of thing, such as human figures, horses. sedan chairs tables loaded with money, etc.
 At the funeral of a Mr Ii, who 6ted short time ago in Tientsin, and who was very wealthy man, the bereaved family outdid themselves. and made an imitation of the deceased gentieman's automobile. to he burned at his grave, The efligy WAS made entirely of strong Chinese paper stretched on bamboo frames The ear was complete in every detail the ped als accurately placed, and afl made of paper and bamboo
 The interior of the car WAS also accurate in detail, heinz carefully up- holstered ln paper The ear #as car ried about three miles thEaua crowded streets t6 the era8e>ide where a match was applied, ana II was com sumed in q few minutes
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
HOGS N MIXED LOTS HANDLED
 WITHOUT LOSS

r. '. Reid. agent 0f Livestock Shipping. Agricultural Extension Di- vision, says that the impression is erroneous that inferior grades of hogs shipped with better grades causes the value of better grades to be reduced. Nr Reid has supervised the shipping, comparatively of 335 carloads of cat tic and hogs from Arkansas during f9f9 therefore speaks from experi- eaee. He says
 "On arrival at the terminal mark et car of hogs Is graded into as many grades as are necessary based on the quality and weight of the in diVidual animals and not according to the quality of the lot as a whole Each grade is then sold a. the mark et price for the day It is true that q car of uniform animals of the same s5ze and quality may bring } to 10 cents per hundred weight premium, but t is very seldom that such a car is sold.
 The man who has good hogs need have no fear that the value of his hogs will be reduced when hey are placed In q cooperative car and ship ped To market with other animals that are inferior to his in qua ty
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
GET INTO THE SHEEP INDUSTRY

If there is any particular branch of livestock raising that deserves pro motion 1t is sheep raising. 1t has ever been held as profitable industry since farmers have given it fair test in this state Many parts of the state are especially adapted to sheep raising and fl need not fail in any part of Arkansas. H. l.. Dvorachek. professor of Animal Husbandry in the University of Arkansas, makes the following statement regarding sheep in Arkasas:
 According to recent figures given aat there were on January 1, 1920, Arkansas. 201 ,000 sheep. This number Is still less than one half of one per cent of the total number of sheep in this country. So we still have lots af room for increase. One fact should be noted however, and that is that altogether there was a decrease of about eight per cent in sheep in this country as a whole in the last ten years, Arkansas increased her number of sheep by about thirty three per cent This shows that Ark ausas farmers are going in rather than cut of the sheep business.'
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
GUARDING AGAINST THE
 PINK BOLLWORM

c. c. Becker, chief inspector of the Stale Plant Beard, urges farmers to help keep the pink bollwo,m out of Arkansas, which they can pest do by notifying him of all sh.pments of cotton lint, cotton seed OF other cot ton products coming into Arkansas from Cameron, Calcasieu or Jefferson Davis parishes of Louisiana. Tn case farmers find anything they thzak might be the pink bollworm. they
 bould Immediately notify Mr. Becker at Little Rock.
 At the meeting called by Governor Brough drastic quarantine was in augurated against the pink bollworm
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
Ancient MeeopotanLa Ia.

Survey research work in M1saro.a- mia has revealed the fact that 'n for mer times the country Was covered with I network of canals showing that q very celebrated system of irrf4auan must then have BeeH iH vogue. some of these canals were 2o feet deep with steep embankments This interesting information Was stated hy Lieut. Col C. A. BeazeleE roHm engineers. in lecture given by him at the British Royal Geographical sae.efy recently. He also brought to lieI4 the fact Chat Fhe city of Samarrah. which is now a comparatively uHiMportant town. If period before the Christian era must have been one of the most populous trading ceHters of the East. The an eient city WAS 2o miles in length and 21a in width, and it is estimated that it contained about 40o0oao inhahit- ants. There were mites of walls and warehouses, and it formed a eonyerg- ing point for caravans from vast area Another city in Mesopotamia, the lecturer said. showed traces of having been laid out on the Hines of q modern American city.
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
g Y Y < 4f ' r U &f q 8 ' PAROQUET ITEMS y ' U &H V ' a ' Y v ; '

Paroquet. April I've are still having plenty of rain through this section and cold nights Health is good
 A. N Trent of Bates1iIle and Mr Holt were business visitors here Thursday.
 Mrs r. w. su6bIefiela and Mrs. B. R. Clark spent Thursday evening at Newark shopping
 T. W. Subblefield made q business trip to Batesvi1Ic Friday.
 W. E. Self of Newark spcnt Thurs day here
 Mr. and Mts Seth LeWallea#spent Saturday and Suada.s lH Oil Trough visiting relatives.
 Jack Miller made business trip to Newark Saturday.
 Henry Woodruff made a business trip to Newport Monday
 r. ". StubhLefield and =Nrs- Logan Handcoch are spending q few days at Moorefield visiting relatives.
 School is progressing nicely and 8 large program is announced for the last night of school
 j. " Waymaa made | business trip to Newark Saturday.
 Mrs. John Barber visited her dau- ybtar Mrs Edna NcGnre at Newark Saturday
 John Parks made a business trip to Newark Monday.
 J. X. Jones spent Saturday even ing ait Newport.
 Bob Smith and Alfred Jones spent Saturday, evening at Newport.
 Dr. A \. Evans of Newark made q professional call here Thursday.
 Mrs. J. 0. Phillips of Little Rock is spending d few days here visitine her sister. Mrs. c. W. YaaeF.
 Rev Storey Of Newport filled his regular appointment here Saturday night and Sunday.
 Mrs. Mamie Fields all children of Newark spent Saturday night and Sunday here visiting Mr. and Mrs. B. R. Clark.
 W. W. Edmondsoa is spending q few days at Calico Rock visiting friends and relatives.
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
GoYernment Newsnaner.

II is not generally known that in ease the recent railwaymen's dispute Ia Great Britain had developed into a general strike. and the pnhlic had been unable to obtain It's customary news papers. arrangements had been made for the production of a government daily.
 It was to contain no editorial views whatever, but simply q record of what was happening al home and abroad
 Five million copies would have been circulated by q squadron of 150 aero planes. The governments idea was that the dangerS of d general strike would be enormously enhanced if the general public did not know what was going on.
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
Our Friends and Customers
 of North Arkansas

It is with pleasure we thank our many GUS toners for the liberal patronage of their Spring 1920 orders. This has been q most remarkable season. Having so many warm friends who have placed their confidence in Us it has inspired us to spend unlimited time and money in searching the markets to furnish you with the very best mer- chandise at the very lowest prices this country could produce We feel well paid for our efforts in knowing that you are prepared to meet compe- tition from any quarter.
 Those of you who need fiIling-in goods for Summer, OF have not bought your Spring and Summer bill, should go into the House now. With and cioseouts in staple notions and furnishing goods, makes this an especially good time for House buying Merchandise vii. be no cheaper this year. and we advise to keep your stock we'll
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
DOES WELL WITH ONE ARM
Englishman Apparently Little Incon- venienced by the Loss of His
 Right "Wing."

Apropos our recent photograph on feats performed by armIess men, q con trlbutor who lost his right arm when he was a youth. sends an interesting account of the ingenious manner in which he carries on in spite of his handicap.
 T get up at seven o'clock" he says .'wash. shave. scrub my fnger-nails by holding small naiI=hrush between my teeth, and dress myself without any help. To fill pipe and strike match is an easy matter while years ago l learned to write with my left hand
 T often play whist. and can place my cards together as quickly as any one. But I find my chief delight and enjoyment in playing the piano or CT gan. I love both. do not play With my left hand only, but play the lower notes with a stick in my mouth.
 T can open boiled egg and eat it as quickly as anyone with their TWO hands, while Tn regard to wrapping up q parcel and securing the same with string. I challenge any grocer to do the job more neatly.
 Feeling ali apple is quite simple. ] can open penknffe in m instant
 No one need despair who has lost one of their arms It is awkard at first, but after q few weeks it is sur prising what one can do for them selves. So 10 all who have lost m arm I say: 'cheerio. It might have been worse er'-London Tlt-Bits.
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
Air Travel de Luxe

The airship "R B" has been making a tour of the French batuedelds, says the London Sphere, and fl carried a chef and gave its passengers French cooking. and real beds with sheets. "On September 15.a says the same pa per. during flight from Amsterdam to England. this lunch was served on a passenger airplane: Salmon mayon- naise. cold chicken fruit salad and sine From the Outlook.
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
Community Sinalnn-

.I see community singing is becon- ing q fad in many touns"
 What k it?7
 Frhe merry villagers idea boosted notch. I take it."
 How :"
 Instead of dancing on inc green, we assemble ln community eenters and mingle our voices in jazz madri- gals and syncopated glees' Louis vile Courer-Journal.
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
BEAUTIFY YOUR HOME

Every home in Arkansas should be beautified with flowers, a lawn and shade trees. It is true 1t requires some work, a little expense and care; but little time off from the usual routine of work will be well expend- cd, for such improvements reflect and make the home more pleasant and attractive
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15

which is prevalent in Louisiana and Texas. It is now unl.w1ul for cotton
 seed. cotton seed hulls, cotton lint, linters, waste, sweepmgs, samples' cotton ginning and milling machinery, cotton bagging or anything used III handling cotton products to be ship ped into Arkansas from the states of Louisiana and Texas. Shipments from
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15

other states also are required to se- cnre permits, showing affidavits that such cotton products were not orlgl- mated in Louisiana or Texas.
 As the pink bollworm once estao- Eshed would be disastrous to the cotton industry of Arkansas, farmers should be especially interested ln keep ing out the pest.
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
THRIFT GARDENS ARE URGED

One way of reducing the cost of living is to plant Thrift Garden. Let every man, woman and child who can get the use of an idle plot of ground, plant a garden. Everyone who can should grow their garden truck.
The Newark journal., 1920-04-15
SPRAYING CALENDAR IS READY

Fruit growers may obtain a valu- able spraying calendar prepared by the plant pathologists and entomolog ists ef the University of Arkansas, College of Agriculture, Fayetteville Ark. It instruets as to apples, plums, cherries and grapes
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-05-09
Monday

Monday
vrs l. Arthur Hull will give after
~ Tea in the Country club.
'VWrs l.. Kertzman will give In
si bridge party for Miss Jane
|Handlon. ,, u.u,
...Ttain informally on Monday for
Mss Jane smith,
Srown ~ Seal Chautauqua in the
lbrsry. r,
ruesdav Book club annual lunch
80 An the Country club.
w "p,ano recital by Miss Leone Solow
ser home. 1913 South Norfolk.
Wrs ~. p, Weichel will give after
IN toa for Miss Jane Handlon.
Mrs E Rogers Kemp will be al
,.me to introduce Madame Paul
S@ich of the Serbian relief 3
Tlyy% TRlyeyc%eptlon by Aaba Court Ladies'
ssrine in Y. w. G. a. $3.50 O'Clock.
luncheon in home of Mrs. Earl
-iflnv by Aaba Court Patrol for
sjting women and officers.
Wednesday.
Weekly bridge tea in the Country
a. n Bridge club will meet with
Mrs J. c. Reddin.
G c. club will meet with Mrs.
Frank Barnes.
Dance in Convention hall for
ladies' Shrine convention visitors
Golf tournament on Country clun
course
History and Literature club with
urs l. g. Wilcox.
Columbia Chautauqua circle Will
meet in library.
Thursday.
Mesdames Charles n. +. O'Hern,
.Iohn J. Larkin and Il. l. ConnelS
viii give a luncheon in the Country
dub.
Luncheon by Aaba Court Ladies
Shrine for visitors.
Reception in home OF Mrs. J. Il.
Bartlett for Ladies' Shrine visitors.
Friday.
Picnic at the country home OF Mr.
ard Mrs. Walter T.. Nichols when
Tulsa Rotarians and their ladies will
he guests.
Aaba Court ceremonial and ban
elet
Jane Adams Chautauqua circle
viii meet in library.
Saturday.
Picnic at Sand Springs by Aaba
court Shrine for convention visitors
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-05-09
TULSA DAILY WORLD, SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1920

ccuuvc ccmmittecs of the Y. W.
10 "a. m.
Luncheon Of young women or
Ohio cities Gas company l2 O'Clock.
Doctor Eva Blake speaks at Right
WAY laundry, l2 o'clock.
Meeting OF recreation committee.
Mrs. G. G. simmons chairman,
y. IN.
Thursday.
Iuncheon OF yong women OF tho
Gypsy oil company. l2 o'clock.
DR.. Eva Blake speaks at Bell
Telephone company IL o'clock.
Meeting OF Cosdcn refinery cub
at refinery. Mrs j. n. McCahe. as
sociation secretary special speaker,
~ 80 y. m.
Miss Mabel Sones girls work sec
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-05-09

charge OF health week, May Ills.
10 "a. m.
Organization luncheon OF young
women CT the Tidal oil company,
~ o'clock
Doctor Blake speaks at the Model
laundry II o'clock.
Meeting Of the membership com
y. m.
Meeting OF committee for young
employed girls Mrs, J. Benjamin
Brown chairman. 2:3O y. m.
Health talk by Dr Eva Blake In
Y. W. gymnasium 730 D. m.
Wednesday.
Doctor Eva Blake speaks at high
school assembly, 0 80 a. m.
Joint meeting ut finance and ex.