davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
The Wonders Of America
MAMMOTH CAVE, KENTUCKY.
By 7. 7. MAxEY

MAMMOTH CAVE. the largest Of q
M number Of caves In Edmondson
county. Kentucky. Is said to be the
largest cave known. II extends for
almost mile below the surface OF the
earth and contains about 100 miles of
passage ways. Here are displayed
perhaps the greatest and grandest ex-
amples In the world Of the wonderful
work Of water In underground sculptur-
ing.
Its discovery was another case OF
the hunter and the bear-date about
into the cave and escaped. The hunt
er followed and discovered the cave.
A visit to this cave is certainly q
unique and wonderful experience. No
where else can IL be duplicated. The
Interior Is a maze Of domes. pits. halls,
chambers. pillars, temples. cascades,
caverns. crevasses, stAlactites and
stalagmites. carved stone and other
characteristic and peculiar phenomena
and fairylike forms fashionable in
cave architecture. There are lakes and
rivers In it-one can boatride on the
Echo river for half a mile. The lofty
limestone roof. 90 feet high In places,
and the battlemented shores reflect
and magnify every sound.
The Giants Coffin is the largest rock
in the cave. II Is IS feet thick. AZ feet
long and weighs 2.00O tons. Mammoth
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05

Hints From the Department Of
Justice

encourage purchasing the cheape
lamb cuts instead OF merely feS
chops at n time. A shoulder Of lamt
being smaller than the average bee
joint and less expensive, should az
peal especially TO small families.
The marketing expeditions shoul'
be an education in economy.
II usually pays to shop before 20,
buy.
II usually pays 10 do your marketing
personally rather than telephone you
order.
Lamb steaks and lamb chops TAX,
but few moments 20 cook, but they
are the most expensive cuts. As Q
lamb is not all chops and steaks, other
and less expensive parts Of the animal
must be used and can be made int
tasty dishes. Breast Of lamb con
tains more meat than bone. yet Il often
sells for half the price of pork spare.
ribs, and some retailers on account of
n limited demand for the forequarter
cuts find II necessary 20 convert the-,
cheaper cuts into sausage IN order to
sell them Mt all.
Lamb Is somewhat seasonable
meat. by far the greater part OF live
lambs reaching the market during the
latter half Of the year. In the spring
around Easter time. lamb may be as
high or higher than other meats. In
the fall and early winter IL Is nearly
always much cheaper.
The following average prices com.
piled by the National Wool Growers
association from representative re.
tailers throughout the country show
levels OF the different
meats In the fall season MS they oc.
,urred in the middle OF October. 1919.
These figures are not applicable now.
Except that they emphasize n typical
Lamb-Leg. 81 cents loin. a cents
ihoulder, q cents; rib chops. 4Gh
,ents.
Sheep-Leg, 20 cents loln. 2s cents
16h cents; chops, 30 cents.
Pork-Loin. 43 cents; fresh ham, 20
'ents.
Beef-Slrloin. As cents; porter.
'ouse, 4S cents; tenderloln. 80 cents
ound steak. 80 cents.
These prices were for the best-qual-
~ meats In all cases.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
MORE SUGAR FOR YOU

People who have soft-pedaled tho
sugar bowl for six years may be in
terested in the statement that crop
conditions on July 1 promise an in
crease in next falls sugar production
in the United States; an increase
amounting TO. approximately, $4,000
tons. or enough TO load a train of
freight care 20 or as miles long, al
lowing 40 tons per car. This pros
pective crop is equal to more than
% pounds Of sugar for every man,
woman and child within the United
States, and the increase over last
year equals more than six pounds
per person. The beet-sugar crop
this year covers almost n million
acres as against the 5-year average
Of about two-thirds Of n million; and
the growing condition on July was
above the ten-ycar average. There
Is more than half n million acres Of
sugar cane this year. about half Of
WHICH u ulNthutu lot ouEdr anu the
other half for strip. after deducting
considerable amounts for planting
the next crop. There is n substan-
tial increase I'm acreage over last
year. especially In Louisiana, where
nearly all the cane sugar Of the
United States Is made. The growing
condition Of the cane In Louisiana
is much better than last year, but
considerably under the average for
the past nine years. The Department
Of Agriculture. which has carried on
a number Of projects looking to-
ward making this country self
sustaining from sugar stand
point. Is cooperating with other agen-
eies in protecting the crops from in
sects and disease and otherwise pro-
noting the production and utiliza.
ton Of n bumper sugar crop. II
should be borne In mind. however,
that the forecast for 1920 Is based
upon conditions on July !, and the
actual outturn would be above or
below this forecast according as con-
ditions between July I and harvest
are better or worse than average.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
HOUSEWIVES BUY LAMB AND
MUTTON uNWIsEIY.

The Eat More Lamb campaign whic
Is being conducted throughout III
country at the present time before col
leges, domestic science schools. won
ems clubs, various institutions. publi
schools, meat markets. etc, ha
brought before the general public IN,
value Of lamb as food product. bu
especially has 1t demonstrated the
value and economy Of the cheaper cut,
OF lamb which have been neglected. Il
has been n contention OF the retailer
for years that a great part OF th,
fore quarter-the neck, shoulder
shank and breast-must be sold nj a
loss or eventually reach the scrap OF
bone box.
Some retail butchers bone out these
cheap fore-quarter cuts. nut them
through the meat grinder, season them
and mold them up into lamb patties,
putting a strip of bacon around each
one. leave them in the cooler over
night and sell all OF them next day at
good prices. Many butchers could sell
more than they can supply. The butch
er has thus turned into an asset or
profitmaker that portion which has
heretofore been considered loss.
Steaks and roasts can be had from
the shoulder. lamb rolls from the neck,
breast and shoulder, and neck slices
are obtained by cutting the neck In
sections crosswise. so that the meat has
the appearance of chops and is n very
inviting dish when used as a stew or
ported lamb en- casserole. The cheap
er cuts Of lamb are made from the
breast, shoulder. shank and neck
which combined are about Is per cent
of the lamb.
Lamb is q healthful food for all PEG
pie. II is very nutritious. wholesome
and palatable and in caloric value IL Is
equal or superior to any other meat.
The boned and rolled shoulder men,
toned above is used for roasting pur-
poses; 1t can also be cut to any de
sired weight or can be sliced into
Saratoga chops.
United States government statistics
tell us that each year the average
housewife buys for every person in |
her household only about pounds OF |
lamb as compared with about II |
pounds of pork and 81 pounds of beef |
II all American families used lamb |
one day a week II would mean more |
than 20 pounds of lamb annually per
capita, or four times the present con-
sumption.
More than that, the head Of the fam
lily. who pays the bills. would no doubt
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CAMPAIGN ROCKCAsTLE
September ~, 2s. 20, 30
COUNTY. SCHOOL AND AGRICUL-
TURAL FAIRS
september 30, October j, z

This campaign will be made by
mon from the State College OF Agri-
culture and others chosen from the
county. 8
The purpose of this campaign is
IN arouse community interest in all
lines of community life and work
emphasizing the Importance Of com
munity cooperation. The school as
trict is TO constitute the community,
and the schoolhouse the center Oh all
activities. :,
This campaign will be conducted
by county school superintendent
county board of education and county
agricultural agent, assisted by teach
or and trustee of each school district
There will be five squads OF two
men each-starting on Monday morn
ing. September 81, visiting from two
to four schools day, winding up the
campaign at Mt. Vernon, October q
with results of every school having
been visited and ten to twelve thous-
and people touched by this work.
Thursday, September 80 will be de-
voted to community school and agri-
cultural fairs, one in each school dis
trict in the county.
Friday, October 1. all exhibits win
ming first, second and third prizes in
community fairs are to be taken to
Mt. Vernon.
Saturday, October 2 will be county
school and agricultural fair at Mt.
Vernon. All live stock to be brought
in at this time.
The above plan has been approved
by the superintendent and voted and
passed upon by the County Board of
Education.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
HOME CANNING NECESSARY
THIS YEAR

Home canning-of utmost import
ance during the war-will be just
as important this year, according q
present indications as they are viewed
by the United States Department Of
Agriculture. The shortage Of labor
on the farms makes II necessary for
the canneries to pay high prices for
the commodities that will be canned
later in the season. Labor in the
canning factories Is expensive and
difficult to obtain. Everything, from
cans TO carriage costs. has increased
in price, and transportation is slow
and more expensive than II was in
war times. All this increase must
be paid by the ultimate consumer;
and there is not even assurance that
there will be enough canned pro-
ducts to go around. The solution
is home canning.
That sugar is higher in price than
IL has been hitherto is advanced by
some as a reason for canning either
less fruit or nothing but vegetables;
but unless one intends TO give up
sweets altogether. there seems no
good reason for not using canned
fruit on account Of high-priced
sugar. There are few desserts that
do not take from one-half 20 one
cup Of sugar, and no dessert is more
healthful than fruit. II is not neces-
sary TO use such thick strip as was
used in the days Of plenty. A 10
per cent strip made Of part sugar
and Q parts water will make pala-
table any Of the acid fruits. Such
fruits as apples, pineapples and the
like can be canned without sugar.
In fact, ordinary glucose or corn
strip may be substituted for sugar
in making the strip. A palatable
strip is made by mixing u cup
sugar, cup glucose, and cups Of
water.
II requires about 7 ounces Of SUI
gar for a pint jar. One cup Of sugar
will make 10 cups Of strip. A pound
of sugar will make 20 cups. This
last amount will be sufficient for 90
pints of canned fruit Where the 10
per cent strip is used. the cost Of
sugar to can a pint jar is "a cents
with sugar at 30 cents n pound. II
is not so expensive after all.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
The "Seven Seas

The seven seas were spoken Of ss
long ago as the beginning Of the Chris
tian era, and the phrase may have been
introduced centuries before that. The
number seven has long been regarded
As symbOlical of perfection or com
pleteness, and from time immemorial
II has been n favorite among the He
brews and other people OF eastern
lands. The phrase Is frequently used
by modern poets. prose writers, etc. re-
ferring somewhat figuratively 10 the to-
tai water area Of the globe. Accord
ing b the Biographies. there are only
five oceans-the Atlantic, the Pacific.
the Arctic. the Antarctic and the In
dian. The ''seven seas" means these
five. with the Atlantic divided into
North and South Atlantic and the Pa
cihc divided into North and South Pa
cihc.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
HIGHWAYS IN SOUTH DAKOTA
State Has 5000 Miles Of Improved
Roads-onIy Ten Other States
Exceed In Mileage.

South Dakota has 5000 miles OF
main highways, out of a total Of 203.-
523 In the United States. Definite
road systems have been established
In A states, either through legisla-
tive action or through state and local
officials. North Dakota has 1900
miles and Minnesota 1900. Only ten
states exceed South Dakota In mile
age, while several OF them have less
than 1000 miles OF main highway.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
CUlvERT IS EASILY CLEANED
Much Trouble obviated by Invention
OF Crate or Iron Bars, Resting
In Notches.

Often culverts under roads and
paths become clogged with debris and
frequently give trouble because they
cannot be readily cleaned. The de-
vice illustrated obviates all this diff
Guilty. Ii consists Of a CRATE of iron
bars supported by crosspieces which
rest in notches or upon the surface
Of stonework or concrete, says Ameri-
can Agriculturist. The bars and the
crosspleces should be Of heavy enough
material to support any load that will
be driven across the grating.
The one from which this drawing
was made is In a footpath, so the bars
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05

or combinations OF cards that are
played I'm some games that are not
conducted strictly according to Hoyle.
A little dog" Is n deuce 20 seven.
without n pair. and big dog II n
nine TO an ace. without a pair; n "lIt-
tie cat" is trey Ia an eight. without
pair. and n big cat II an eight To a
king, without a pair. A little dog"
beats straight, and -big dog" beats
n little dog" aud ''fittle cat" beats
either kind Of dog" and big cat
beats "little eat Accordingly.
dog and "cat" Pushes beat straight
Pushes. and In a game where they are
played the highest hand that can be
held is n "big cat" flush. consisting OF
a king. queen, jack. ten and eight
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
|2FAllARoUND'
@4IlOUSE:

Never put meat on the ice. but
near II.
Dry all brushes with the bristles
downward.
A short. full dress is ideal TO wear
while doing housevork. Also II should
be free ut neck and wrists.
Put the food for a convalescent
child into the oldest and prettiest con-
tanners you can find.
Try kerosene oil for washing win
dows. Dampen a cloth with II. clean
the glass, then polish with dry cloth
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
USE LESS SUGAR IN JELLTES
AND JAMS

One-fifth to quarter less sugar
can be used in making jelly and
jams, experiments made by house
hold experts in the United States
Department of Agriculture exPri-
ment kitchen indicate.
Another sugar-saving wrinkle
tested by the experiment kitchen Is
TO add one-quarter teaspoon Of salt
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE
Robert Spence Farm Demonstration and Speea
Investigator

trap. And yet trapping, IL persis
tently followed, is one Of the most
effective ways to destroy the animals
Guillotine Trap.-For general use
the improved modern traps with Q
wire fall released by a baited trigger
and driven by a coiled spring have
marked advantages over the old
forms, and many of them may be
used at the same time. These traps,
sometimes called "guillotine" traps,
are Of many designs, but the more
simply constructed are preferable.
Probably those made entirely of
metal are the best, as they are more
durable. Traps with tin or sheet
metal bases are not recommended.
Guillotine traps should be baited
with small pieces of Vienna sausage
or fried bacon. A small section Of
an ear of corn is excellent bait IL
other grain is not present. The trig-
ger wire should be bent inward to
bring the bait into proper position
for the fall to strike the rat in the
neck.
Other excellent bats for rats and
mice are oatmeal, toasted cheese,
toasted bread, fish, fish offal, fresh
liver, raw meat, apples, carrots, corn,
sunfower, squash or pumpkin seeds.
Broken fish eggs are good bait at all
seasons, and ripe tomatoes, green
and other fresh vege-
tables are very tempting to the ami
mails in winter. When seed. grain,
or meal is used with a guillotine trap,
it is put on the trigger plate, or the
trigger wire may be bent outward
and the bait placed directly under
it.
A common mistake in trapping for
rats and mice is to use only one or
two traps, when dozens are needed. |
For a large establishment, hundreds
Of traps may be used to advantage,
and a dozen is none too many for
an ordinary barn or dwelling infested
with rats. House mice are less sus-
picious than rats, and are much more
EASILY trapped.
Cage Trap.-When rats are abun-
liant, the large French wire cage trap
nay be used to advantage. They
should be made of stiff wire, we'll re-
Many of those sold in the
stores are useless, because a full
grown rat can bend the light wires
apart and escape.
Cage traps may be baited and left
open for several nights until the
'ats are accustomed to enter them
% obtain food. They should then be
,losed and freshly baited, when a
anger catch may be expected, es-
oecially of young rats. AS many as
Is and even more, partly grown rats
nave been taken at time in one of
hese traps. It is better to cover the
rap than to leave it exposed. A
hort board should be laid on the trap
md an old cloth or bag or a bunch
# hay or straw thrown carelessly
'ver the top. Often the trap may
'e placed with the entrance opposite
hole and fitting it so closely that
ats cannot pass through without
the trap. If single rat Is
aught, it may be left in the trap as
decoy to others.
Continued Next Week.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
BIG HIGHWAY APPROPRIATION
state OF Wyoming Has Let Contracts
for improvements to Cost
5000, 900 In 1920.

The total estimated cost Of highway
improvements for which the Wyom-
ing state highway department has let
contracts. and which will be eomplet-
ed during the present year, exceeds
100000. This total represents SIS
for each inhabitant Of the state.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
Moroccan Road Traffic.

Traffic on the (French) Moroccan
highways is very large. In addition TO
the transport of passengers by pri-
yate or public automobiles, the roads
permit an important movement of
merchandise by mOtortrucks.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
Mutton Stew With Barley.

Cut meat from neck or breast into
small pieces. Put In kettle with wa
ter to cover. Use about IL cupfuls wa
ter to a pound Of meat. Add onions.
carrot. salt and pepper. For each pint
liquid add 1-3 cup pearl barley. Sim
mer gently two or three hours
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
Traps

Owing to their cunning, it is not
always easy to clear rats from premi-
ses by trapping; if food is abundant,
it is impossible. A few adults refuse
to enter the most innocent-l looking
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
RATS
Destroying Rats and Mice

The Biological Survey has made
numerous laboratory and field expert
ments with various agencies for de-
stroying rats and mice. The results
form the chief basis for the following
recommendations
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05

without roads. cities could not sur
vlve. and country-folk would be with
out many Of the present necessities.
comforts, and luxuries Of life. which
'hey are now able 70 enIoy.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05

we're only ia inches wide and
quarter Of an inch thick. The cross
pieces are Of the same material, bent
at the ends and riveted TO the bars.
All that is necessary to clean such a
culvert is to lift the grating and do the
work with a spade or a hoe.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05
CINCINNATI MARKETS.
Hay and Grain.

= Corn-No. 2 white S1.5591.56, No.
white $1.534155, No. yellow $500
'1.53. No. mixed S1.51Q152, No. 3
mixed Sl50q1.51, white ear $1.56Q
1.59.
Sound Hay-TimOthy per ton S23Q
%, clover mixed S23Q32, clover $23
Q29.
Oats-No. white S49S5c, No.
white S3Qs4c, No. mixed S0Qs1c.
Wheat-No red $26OQ264, No.
3 red $2.57q2.61.
Butter, Eggs and Poultry.
Butter-Whole milk creamery extras
Csc, firsts 53c, seconds 52c, fancy dairy
6Oc.
Eggs-Extra firsts 45c, frsts 43c, or
binary first Ale.
Live Poultry-Broilers, 1lk lbs. and
over 45c, fowls, Az lbs and over SAC
under Az lbs 3lc; ROSTERS pc.
Live Stock.
Cattle-Steers, good 10 choice $3.50
IA, fair TO good SlOdl3, common "a
fair 5000 heifers, good 10 chOics
$11Q 1880, fair to good $Sq11, com
mon to fair S5QS, Gamers $3.5OQ45O
stock helfers S5.50QS.
Calves-Good to choice Sl7.5OQ 10
fair to good Sl2ql750, common and
large S6qll.
sheep-Good 10 choice $Sq9, fall
10 good $4QS, common S1.50Q3, lambs
good TO choice Sl650ql7, fair to good
S12.5OQ16.50.
Hogs-Selected heavy shipper;
s16.5OQl675, butchers S16.75, medium
1870, common 10 choice heavy fai
sows s9Ql4, light shippers SIG
pigs (l1O lbs and less) SlOqlS.2o.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1920-08-05

Seats" and Dogs" In Poker.
"Cais" and dogs" are extra hands
Evening star., 1920-03-09

ings. Poland alone is a state greater
in area and in population than the
Italy that was set free half q century
ago.
It may take fifty years to reach an
Approximate adjustment Of the claims
and counter claims growing out or
the liberation Of subject races. 1t may,
as in the Italian case take four wars
to fix Poland, as the world war AZ
last established italy, the same is
true Of Rumania and of Jugoslavia,
but does this suggest that 1t Wouio
have been better to leave them the
victims Of German and magyar
tyranny? Is it not rather true that IN
any case a war Of liberation woulo
A war that sets 10000, 600 people
FREQ is not q little contribution to q q
better world in the future. even II
the Immediate consequences OF tne
liberation involve domestic anarcnS
in many regions. Above all. what oli- :
ference can it make to the world. II
German economic prosperity is wreck-
ed, provided the alternative were the
perpetuation Of the enslavement o.
the Poles, the Danes and the people OF
Alsace-Lorraine?
Copyright 1890. Mcclure Newspaper sEnd'eaee.)
Evening star., 1920-03-09
scores Alleged Liberalism.

tits exactly this sort Of "liberalism"
that Americans should be MOST on
their guard against. The liberation Of
Italy in the nineteenth century was
one Of the greatest facts in that whole
hundred yars Today 1t Is unthink-
able that millions Of Italians should
have been the political slaves Of Aus
trian dictators and of petty tyrants
depending upon external support to
maintain their placeA But the treaty
of Versailles and its companion pieces
Evening star., 1920-03-09

YOU'RE AN EASY PREY. with
your Aesh reduced below . healthy
standard, for Consumption and other
Ser0fulOus and dangerous diseases.
And it's for Just this condition that
DR.. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery
In especially valuable.
II you're thinner than you ought
to be, whether from wasting diseases,
defective nutrition. or whatever
cause. the "Discoveryo will surely
bring you mp to the healthy stand
ard. BY restoring the normal action
Of the deranged organs and func-
tions, It arOuses every natural source
ana means Of nOurishment. A
streneth-festorer and hesh-builder.
1t can be had in tablet or liquid
form. Tablets 00c. All drugEists.
DIR, Pierce's Pleasant Pellets are
the original little liver pills, first put
up over 20 years ago. They regulate
and inviEoFate atOmach, liver and
bowels. Much imitated hut never
equaled. Sugar-coated and easy to
take ~ candy.
Evening star., 1920-03-09
BRANTING TO BE PREMIER.
Socialist Leader Of Sweden Asked
hv King to Form Cabinet.

STOCKHOLM. March Skiing Gus
tave has commissioned HjaImar
Branting. former minister Of finance
and socialist leader in the second
chamber Of parliament, to form cab
met to take the place Of that headed
by Premier Eden, which resigned last
week.
Evening star., 1920-03-09
FOURTEEN PERSONS DROWN.
Steamer Argo Goes Down
in the Baltic Sea.

STOCKHOLM. March S.-Fourteen
persons have been drowned az result
of the sinking of the Swedish steamer
Argo in the Baltic sea.
There are two Swedish steamers
named Argo. both of them small craft.