davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23

robbed the Jews, who were masters
Of the Sahara and whose empire eX-
tended south TO the Niger. Tamentit,
Malfante wrote. sheltered both Jews
and Mohammedans, who lived in har-
mony.
The native negroes valued copper
highly, Malfante stated, and used IL
for money.
Pushing on to Timbuktu, Malfaute's
host was the brother Of n captain OF
desert industry, n man Of great wealth
and possessed of trade information
concerning all Of North Africa. From
him Malfante learned of such -four
iShing places as TeghaZZa, famous for
it's salt mines and unique for It's
architecture. The houses were made
Of rock salt. Malfante noted that it
never rained there or the houses would
have melted away.
"To the south OF the Mohammedan
kingdom were many states Inhabited
solely by savuges. One OF these tribes
worshiped n mirror, believing that in
the reflection of their faces they saw
n deity.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
Jews of the 18th Century Alone
Had Trading Posts in North
west Africa.
INTERESTING DISCOVERY MADE
Africa Loomed Larger in the Middle
Ages Than Modern Historians
Have Realized-Jews Forced
Out Of Spain.

Observation-Disclosures preserved the
secrets OF Roman civilization in Pom
peii tombs protected the records Of
ancient Egypt's culture; and now
there is prospect that some long
neglected letters may reveal one of
the most fascinating chapters In the
historic trail Of the Jewish people, and
incidentally show that Africa doomed
larger in the middle ages than modern
historians have realized"
With this introduction the National
Geographic society in a bulletin makes
the first announcement in this country
of a remarkable documentary diScov-
cry made by Charles de In Ronclere,
librarian of the National library in
France.
Hitherto" says the librarian, Africa
has figured not at all in medieval his
tory. 1t still was u dark continent
when Stanley and Livingstone pene-
trated it less han q century ago. Yet
II would seem the Jews of the fifteenth
century had trading posts in north.
west Africa and carried on a vast
commerce with the natives from the
Sahara TO the Atlantic and from AL.
geria to the Niger.
Medieval Natives Of Africa.
"These native peoples, who finally
resisted the inroads Of Christian, Jew
and Mohammedan, possessed sources
Of wealth in grain and gold. Some
tribes lived in rock salt houses. Actual
history in n case parallels the legend
airy account of the defense OF Troy.
Primitive religions and strange GUS
toms flourished in common with q civ
iliZation advanced enough TO take ac-
curate census Of cities.
"Antonia Malfante, a Genoese citi-
zen, traversed this region and wrote
his descriptive letters In 1447, from
Timbuktu and TOuat. Timbuktu was
the Chicago Of the West African
plains, and Touat the center of the
camel ava traffic that exchanged
the wheat and barley Of Egypt for
the powdered gold Of Timbuktu and
the percious salt from T~eghazza.
"All the places visited by Malfante
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
Rann-dOm Reels
BY HOWARD l.. RAM

husband who knows what wOman'S
sphere is and wants her TO stay where
she is put.
If more young people realized that
married life under present conditions
is something which should be tackled
only after meditation and prayer, there
would be fewer contracting parties
ambling up to the ferns and smilaX in
pOngee silk and the conventional black.
The young man who takes Il contract
10 support and provide with real food
a husky and vOraciOuS bride. on So
per week, should step out and take 4
look at the price of process -four and
beef liver before launching his bark on
the matrimonial sea. There has been
more SeaSickneSS among contracting
parties who forgot to figure the gro
Gerry bill as n liability of the business,
during the last few months. than ever
before in the history of the world.
On the other hand, no young man
and woman should refuse to become
contracting parties if they have health,
horse and are not afraid that
they will be wOrn by work. There is
nothing nicer than married life. when
both parties live up TO the contract
without trying to slip in a joker now
and then. (Copyright.)
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
Height Governs
Speed In the Air

not know that there is nothing to be
seen?
IF the density Of the atmosphere
remained constant It could all be COM
pressed into a layer about five miles
thick. In that case the highest noun
tain peaks would stand in space,
piercing the so called homogeneous
atmosphere. But the density decreases
with elevation, and when the aviator
reaches an elevation of 10000 meters
he is in "a medium which is only about
one-third as dense as at the ground.
There are no clouds above this level.
1.-THE greatest discovery yet made
IN exploring the air IS that the at
mosphere consists of two great layers
the lower extending from sen level
up TO 10000 meters, i'm which there
IS a steady fall of temperature with
elevation. This * called the tropo-
sphere. Above this there is no fall
and up TO 10000 meters n slight rise.
The upper layer is known as the
stratosphere.
Matter Of Height and Speed.
1T is actually possible today for an
airplane 10 rise from the ground To
h bottom of the s~tratosphere. say
about six miles, in one hour. If we
want to explore somewhat higher, say
twenty miles, we install light instru-
ments on Il sounding balloon.
"The intrepid aviator who tries to
force his way at high speed against
an adverse wind meets only with in.
%creasing resistance. But when the
wine favors, then the winged airman
spurns the slow fellow creeping or
wheels below. With accelerated speed
lie passes over moor, mountain or sea
and, If need be, vaults ove the clouds.
If the captain of the winged shin
is not content with his speed he has
only 10 climb to upper levels. where
the flow Of the air increases to thirty
and even forty meters per second, and
In this stream he would move along
with a speed relative to the earth OF
200 miles an hour.
THESE are no extreme values. In
a stiff Northwestern which the writer
experienced some years back the wind
blew seventy-two consecutive hours
$4,000 meters, which is nearly thirty
meters per second. This Is equivalent
to going 400 miles in three days. or
twice the distance from Labrador to
Ireland. The highest speed of the wind
for any single hour was 100000
meters, 1O2 miles. For a period OF
about fifteen minutes the rate was
laO miles an hour"
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
TOLD
IN OLD LETTERS

were so we'll known to the Jews Of his
time that they were listed in a Catalan
atlas prepared three-quarters of a cen
fury earlier by Charles Y, according
10 Nj. Ronciere. But shortly after Nal
fante'S visit the Jews were driven out
of Spain, and since the Jews were the
only ones In Europe who knew of the
Nigeria country, and apparently per-
mitted no Christians to enter there eX-
cept Malfante, the Jewish knowledge
was lost to Europe. Not until DR..
Gerhard Rohlfs began his explorations
in Algeria and Morocco In 1860 did the
rest Of the world form a contact with
the extensive regions Of Malfante's
travels.
Landing at a point west Of Alglers,
Touat, which Rohlfs believed himself
to have been the first European 10
visit. Yet Malfante dated his first let
ter from there four centuries earlier.
An African Commercial Center.
"Touat was an oasis, containing
from 100 to 200 villages, which togeth-
or formed n vast commercial center.
Each had q chief. Travellers became
the guests Of these chiefs, and Nal
fante reported their protection SUI
pcrior to that in states like Tiemcen
and Tunis. One Of these towns was
Tamentit. now n decayed village,
whose people still recall the Jewish
epoch. Arabian invaders earlier had
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
Bents
BY GEORGE MATTHEW ADAMS

" OUR Bents are your Advisers.
l. BentS are just Tendencies. Every
one has them. They are born with
you. Wise people are those who listen
to their AdviSerS-who consider their
Bents. Each one of your Bents should
be carefully considered in silent Con
ference. And that Conference should
be Personal and Serious. For
Every Man, sooner or later, may
BECOME what his BentS ARE.
Neglect not Il single Bent that is
within you, but as Master over it, cul-
tivate and educate it 10 do your bid
ding. Become what you are FITTED
to become. Exert every faculty and
use every ounce of energy TO this end.
1t is good sense TO believe that you
know your OWL BentS better han any
n else. And you have the asSur-
ance ever with you that
Every man. sooner or later, may
BECOME what his Bents ARE.
Franklin followed his own BentS
and became Il World figure. instead Of
following the Bents that his Father
seemed to see in him in desiring him
to become Il Clergyman. You will need
no advisors if you will but stop long
enough TO search out and look your
Bents squarely In the face. And If
you follow YOUR BentS COurageOuSly
and without encouragement, you will
then be able to feel to the full, the
truth of how blessedly Happy Is the
man who has FOUND his work.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23

minced nuts. Il little powdered sugar
mix all together, add a few drops of
any fiavoring extract and spread over
the cake. Sour cream cooked with
equal parts of brown sugar until thick,
to which is added a few nuts, makes
n most delicious cake filing and frost
ing. Sour cream may be used In any
salad dressing which calls for sweet
cream, making a dressing equally good.
Most boiled dressings, as we'll as may
%onnaise, are improved by the addition
OF cream; sour cream whips as well
as sweet and takes the place of sweet
cream.
Brown Betty.
Place alternate layers Of chopped
juicy apples, with bread crumbs, in q
buttered baking dish. having the
crumbs al the bottom. Add cinnamon
or nutmeg with a little brown sugar
and bits Of butter Over each layer. Fin
ish with crumbs ami bake for an hour,
covering the dish at first. Serve with
a hard
Copyright, 1920. Western Newspaper Union
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
Just Folks
By EDGAR A. GUEST
REWARD D.

Don't want medals on my breast,
Don't al all the glory,
I'm not worrying greatly lest
The world won't hear my story.
y chance To dream beside Il stream !.
Where fish are biting free;
A day or two. meath skies Of blue
Is JOY enough for nae.
/ Go not ask IL hoard Of gold,
Nor treasures rich and rare;
| don't want all the joys 10 hold,
| only want Il share.
Just now and then, away from men
And all their haunts of pride.
II | can steal, with rod and reel,
| will be satisfied.
III gladly work my way through life
/ would not always play;
l only ask to quit the strife
For an occasional day.
If l can sneak from toll n week
To chum with stream and tree
I'll fish away and smiling say
That lifc'S been good 10 me.
Copyright by Edgar a. Gue&t.Y
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
What TO Do With Leftovers.

One of the ways Of dispoS,ng Of left
overs is not to have any but even in
the b~est-managed households there Is
bound 10 he some foods left over. We
do not wish to be niggardly, nor yet
so p~rofuse in u providing that there
rs any great amount Of food left over.
A small dish Of corn which has been
served as Il vegetable may appear
again in lii, form of IL few fritterS as
q garnish for a dish Of chicken which
was just enough to 60 around. The
corn is saved and the chicken is thus
sufficient.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
"Some wives object to maintaining 4
rest resort for a %caI!oused, slab
sided husband"

ton for some time. 1t is very easy for
Il husband to live up TO the marriage
contract SO long rs his wife is willing
TO provide for both and allow him to
rest up. One reaso why so many mar
riage contracts are shot full Of holes
within nine months after the officiating
clergyman has been paid off is because
some wives object to maintaining -
rest resort for a callOused, Slab-sided
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
PARTIES

TINE contracting parties is Il title
i given 10 young people who take
each other for better or worse and are
obliged by the law to sign IN agree
ment that they will stand hitched.
The marriage contract is not writ
ten out in full like a farm lease or n
life insurance policy, hence the con
tracing parties do not become fully ac-
Auainted with its provisions and the
hne print until il has been i'm opera
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
Fish Balls Baked.

Take one cupful of cooked rice and
one cupful Of faxed cooked fish, n
egg we'll beaten, Il tablespoonful of
strong cheese, a ~teaspoonful Of lemon
juice, and salt and pepper TO taste.
Form into balls, place in Il buttered
pan and bake a delicate brown. Serve
with slices of buttered toast.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
To Dumb Foraetfulness a Prey.

Greenfield, Ind. Caleb Moncrief.
farmer. has always denied that he iS
absent-mindcd, but he has n taxi bill
as proof to the contrary. After com
plotting his business here, Moncrief
drove home, forgetting he had taken
his wife to town with him. She fol-
lowed i'm a taxi.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
Last Dreams
What They Mean
DID you DREAM OF SATAN?

THE mystics are not entirely agreed
Il as to the significance Of a dream
Of the devil. Some declare that sim
ply to see the devil in a dream signi-
ties that you will be very fortunate in
life; others that 1t is a warning OF
temptation. Still others declare it to
signify that evil influences are at work
against you and that you have false
friends. These two latter omens may
be accepted without d~iscrediting the
first one; for Il man may be very sue
cessful in life in spite Of temptations
and secret enemies.
Those mystics who put the very
worst construction upon a dream Of the
devil admit that If yon dream that you
are fighting him successfully good for
tune awaits you. If you dream that he
overcOmes you, look out for dangers
sign that you will shortly 60 away from
home for an extended period. To the
maiden it means that her departure
from home will be because Of a happy
marriage in all probability. But IL it
Is not a happy marriage which takes
her from home it will be some other
pleasant or profitable occasion. But
In any event remember In your dream
the Scriptural saying: Resist the
devil and he WIFI fee from you"
A dream Of the devil often cited by
the scientists is that Of the famous
Eighteenth century composer, Tartini.
When he was only twenty-One years
old Tartini dreamed that the devil sud-
denly stood before him. The idea Oc-
Cured to him to hand satan his fiddle
and see what he would do with It. To
his surprise the devil took the fiddle
and began to play a piece of mex
pressible loneliness. Tartini was elat-
ed. transported, upsifted and awoke
with the music still ringing in his ears.
Selling his violin he attempted tn re-
produce what he had heard. The re
suit was ''The Devils Sonata which
has delighted so many generations. at
was the best thing I ever wrote" said
Tartini In after years. "but, oh! how
feeble. inadequate and inferior com
pared to the sonata / heard the devil
play" (copyright)
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
,s Postmaster at 13.

La Center, Ky.-Zelna Peale, aged
10, acting postmaster here, is believed
TO be the youngest person To hold down
the Job in the United States. He is
serving, pending the arrival Of his
brothers commission.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
NOTICES. s6Gk COOK B, Nuu M~4~s@

speech,
Is that fine sense which men call Court
esy!
Wholesome as air and genial as the light,
Welcome in every cline as breath of flow
erS-
1t transmutes aliens into trusting friends,
And gives its owner passport round the
globe. james T. Fields.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
Extreme Care.

ject Of prevention. What do you think
he did the other day when he reproved
that young fellow with q bulldog look
ing face and the latter made a biting
retOrt?"
"What did he do?"
TOOK the PaStour treatment
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
Geography of the Atmosphere
Outlined by a Practical
Aer0naut.
CONSISTS OF TWO LAYERS
Greatest Discovery Vet Made in Elk
pIoring the Air--Attain Speed Of
200 Miles an Hour at Higher
Levels.

Washington.-In his spectacular
flight establishing a new aviation alti-
tude record Maj. Rudolph w. Schroe-
der found trade winds of 200 miles
an hour velocity far above the clouds,
press dispatches state. The Dayton
(O.) test pilot merely reported one Of
the new phenomena resulting from
a study of the geography Of the air,
stimulated by aerial travel, according
TO q bulletin of the National Geo
graphic society.
while the chemistry and physics
of the atmosphere are understood, the
geography Of the air is still practical
ly unknown" says Alexander McAdie
in a communication to he society.
Great Rivers OF Air.
1--WE are aware that there are well
marked areas, zones and levels in
this inverted bowl and, though we
may not see them, there are mighty
rivers, far exceeding any Of the
rivers Of earth in volume and speed,
rushing on for miles and miles, flow
ing vertically as well as horizontally.
There are vast calm areas and stag
nant pools; also choppy seas and
regions OF great turbulence.
I'VE are learning today that there
are various layers in the air, which
must be explored and studied before
airships can travel in safety. In fly
ing, men will use only the lower strata,
the cloud levels. Above all clouds are
far-stretching heights, which, too, must
be explored, not by plane and dirigible,
but by the sounding balloon Of the
aerographer.
Zone might say offhand that there
could be no geography Of the air; for
there are 10 continents, oceans or
visible geographical features In this
inverted bowl which we will call the
sky. Do we not look clean through
the atmosphere up into the heavens
and, except for passing clouds. do we
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
Salmon Salad.

Any bits of left over salmon, If mixed
with %cOconut, adding n few string
beans or chopped pickle and any good
dressing, make an appetiZing salad.
Use lettuce as a border or garnish to
the platter of salad.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23

When Il man is as stubborn as a
mule il is just as well not 10 talk be-
hind his back.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1920-04-23
Sour Cream Filling.

FOR. a layer cake, take thick sour
cream-not too sour-whlp and add
chopped raising and n few coarsely
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-06-29

COX OR NJ ADO0 TO
GET NOMINATION
Palmer Will Start With
. Most Votes and Gradu-
/ ally Be Eliminated
DIVORCE SUIT
is HURTING HIM
Appearance of Being Anti-Administra-
ton Also Reduces His Chances -
Tammany Hall and Other Votes Can
Block Nomination.
By DAVID LAWRENCE.
Copyright by The Reformer.1


SAN FRANCISCO, June 29.-Gov-
ernor Cox of Ohio or William Gibbs
McAdoo will be nominated by the Dem
ocratic national convention.
Attorney General Palmer will get the
most votes on the first ballot. He will
be eliminated as the balloting pro.
crosses.
The sum total of Palmer and McAdoo
votes on the first few ballots will con-
stitute majority of the convention.
This will be an indication of the Will
son strength.
Favorite sons like Glass of Virginia,
Meredith of Iowa, Al Smith of New
York, Davis of West Virginia, Cum
mings of Connecticut, Edwards of New
Jersey and Cox of Ohio will get the
remainder of the delegates.
Tammany hall and the delegations
from New Jersey, Illinois, Maryland
and Massachusetts, which are wet will
be able to deadlock this convention
indefinitely though they may be un-
able to force the selection of candi-
date of their own That s the wav
the Democratic convention looks on the
day of its opening. But before the
balloting comes, there viii be plenty of
contest and controversy over platform
When the platform is adopted and
the liquor question has somehow been
disposed of, the effects of the contro-
versy will be seen in the balloting.
Governor Cox has been hurt good deal
by the statement that he didn t want
any mention of the prohibition ques-
ton in the platform. He had been
looked upon as a "wet" Members
of the New York delegation have called
Cox s attitude pussyfooting and the
plan now is to keep on voting for Ed
wards until the Tammany chief gets
ready to switch to one of the leading
candidates. Overtures are being at
tempted with the MeAdoo forces in the
hope that McAdoo viii run on a moist
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1920-06-29

blank of some kind For instance. it
Is being suggested that the platform
declare for o rigid enforcement of the
18th amendment but for a condemna-
zion of the Volstead act as an imper-
feet enforcement act, pointing out the
DAVIS which invade the home, especially
the provisions which make it criminal
for the housewife to make her own
wines or beverages.
Perhaps the most distasteful phase
Of the whole situation here is the pub
LEGATION in the San Francisco Chronicle
IF the story of Governor Cox's divorce
suit This yarn has been bobbing
around in Ohio politics for years but
never prevented Cox from carrying the
tate three times for governor. As a
matter of fact resentment is so deep
against that kind of tactics here that
the publication may win sympathy for
Cox. Charges and counter charges are
flying back and forth as to the head
quarters in which the story is sup
posed to have been inspired. But the
writer was assured by strong Palmer
md McAdoo men and friends of other
candidates that the facts of the case
were entirely to the credit of the Ohio
governor and if he were nominated for
the presidency it would not hurt him.
Nevertheless it is a fact that dele
gates opposed to Cox have been talking
about this phase of the Cox candidacy
| before the affair got into print here
and that has been one of the weapons
used in the corridor gossip which has SO
much to do with the ebb and flow of
| sentiment in convention time
But the most harmful thing to the
| Cox candidacy comes from an entirely
| different direction, Ed Moore, national
committeeman from Ohio, voted to seat
| Senator Reed of Missouri. Moreover
| in the fight between Senator Walsh and
| Senator Glass for the chairmanship OF
| the platform committee, Moore Is un
derstood to have lined up against Sen
ator Glass-the choice of President
| Wilson. This tends more and more te
| align the Cox forces with the anti
| administration groups and helps to so
lidify the Palmer and McAdoo leaders
For it is inconceivable that the attorney
general i'll the Presidents cabinet
would not use his influence to secure
| the selection of chairman of a plat
| form committee desired by the Pres
| ident The truth is the McAdoo force.
are split on the platform selection
| themselves. In the end there will bt
a combination of Wilson men from tn,
| McAdoo and Palmer forces to sustain
Senator Glass. 1t would have beer
shrewd politics for the Cox manager.
TO have kept out of the fight altogether
They have antagonized delegation.
from which they must get votes to wiz
and have put upon their candidate ;
faint of anti wisconsin which Will,
/ popular with a minority in this con
vention isn't going to win the nomi
nation. The best bet thus far is vii
liam Gibbs McAdoo, though Cox is b,
no means out of the reckoning. He i.
running McAdoo close race.