davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17
The Terns, However, Only Restn
to Poland What Russia Stole
More Than a Century Ago

upon the French to force them
to consent to the recognition of the
Red government, or at least to COM
mercial intercourse with the Reds
The Battle Of the Vistula interrupt
ed the negotiations going forward in
London at that moment between
Lloyd George and the Bolshevist rep
resentatives.
May Change British Course
But it remains to be seen whether
the British course has been changed
or Lloyd Georges purpose only tenn
porarily interrupted. Peace between
Poland and Russia will, in Britain
and Italy, continue to increase
rather than diminish the demand for
restoration Of full peace between
Russia and her former allies. In
deed, the Russian agreement tc
peace with Poland and with the Bal
tic states will be cited as removing
the last obstacle to such a restora-
ton Of peace conditions.
At the same time the terms Of
this settlement, If the armistice shall
prove a correct foreshadowing Of the
final treaty, will be used by Social
ist and Labor leaders alike to frame
new indictment of Polish impe-
rialism" and of that French "chau-
vinism" which is always discovered
lurking behind Polish policy by all
the so-called liberals" of the world.
Poland can afford now to bear this
criticism with more equanimity than
when her capital was in danger and
her existence threatened. AS for
the French, they can similarly rest
upon the solid basis of the accom-
plished fact, but for the Reds of
Russia this criticism will be Of in
finite value, while the reopening of
commercial relations would serve to
give them basis for alleging at
home that they have been recognized
abroad as the real rulers of Russia.
A Nearly Fatal Error
But for the world, which is con-
cerned with the fact Of Bolshevism,
it Is essential to recognize that the
armistice Of Riga, even if it be
presently transformed into a defni-
tive treaty of peace, represents to
the Red mind only a truce. Boil
shevism remains, as | have often
said here, state Of war with the
political and economic institutions
of the West. The Reds have bowed
to military defeat and have sacri-
feed their country's old provinces to
obtain breathing spell at home.
They will use this breathing spell to
organize new attack upon the
West.
Poland a year ago made the fatal
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17
An Enduring Quarrel

1t is plain, however, that, no mat
ter what the outcome of the Upper
Silesian plebscite, the quarrel be-
tween the Poles and the Germans on
all the eastern frontier Of Germany
will survive the present and all
later arrangements. For almost un-
numbered centuries the Poles and
the Germans have been rivals in all
the Baltic lands from Berlin to Riga,
and the alternate successes Of Ger
man and Of Pole have never ended
in any definite solution.
Hereditary enemies the Poles and
Germans have been, are, and in the
nature Of things must remain. No
settlement satisfactory to one con-
testant can be accepted by the other; :;
no solution based on any ethnic
principle is possible, for the races
are inextricably tangled
But it is rather to the Russian
than to the German phase Of the
Polish question that the world will
look now, with the armistice of Riga
before them. Does the Russian sur
render portend collapse of the
Reds? We have been too often de-
ceived in this regard to accept any
statement now based on other evil
dence than that supplied by the COM
plete elimination Of Trotzky, Lenine
and the rest Of the abhorrent crew.
Manifestly the Reds now, as in the
Brest-Litovsk time, have purchased
a breathing spell at home by the
sacrifice of national aspirations and
territories recently Russian on the
marches of Russia.
But in the Brest- Litovsk time the
German attack upon the Western
nations, the great offensive of 1918,
forbade any immediate Allied inter
vention, while the arrival Of peace,
following the German surrender and
the world WEAKNESS incident to the
sacrifices Of the long struggle, pre-
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17

military mistake Of ex.esd;,.
lines Of communication too far |
is, by planning the cansa,r-
kiev, which it actually pu, i
operation this spring. It pa;5
that mistake by a disaster ".
narrowly escaped extinguisbi,g -. :.
independence Of the countrv -.
making It mere Red bril-
the West, over which ANARCHY ~.
to pass to Berlin Par's. Lon5o, -
for that matter, 70 Wasb,,y~.
Thanks 10 Polish valor in ,bs RI
ditch and French military 20,
revealing itself in tie cond;t;o,,
a new Marine, Poland and the ".
have escaped, bu, the escape !. 49,
yet complete and cauao. be comp.
while the Reds retain con.ro
Russia.
To-day the Poles have ear.
their lesson. They have chosen
arrest their advance upon the j..
which German military command.
recognized TO be the best fenc;s,. =,
all available. they have. in turn. ~.
Grated their legitimate h.s.ore
claims and rest their case upon =.
frontiers of 1898 instead Of ,bo,s
1772. AS they now stand they ara
possession of the railways necew,.,
to defend their eastern front tb,-
hold the old German defense Inc
covering these railways, ard ,hs,
have severed the lines Of commvn
cation both between the hassisr
and the Lithuanians and between t
Russians and the Germans.
Gordon Sanitaire Restored
Thus the old Polish barrier, n
Gordon sanitaire Of the Paris Con
ference drawn against Bolshevisr
is restored. Rumauia. Poland an
the Baltic states Of Latvla and :.
thonia exclude the Russians fro,
all tangency with the outside worl
from which might be drawn nun
tions and into which BolsheNs
propaganda might BE launched. II.
is a long step toward a real setlt
ment, but it is not a real settlemer;
that must still await the fnal "a
Of the Reds. Mean-mc. the worl
will salute the new Poland .isr
from ancient servitude and recei
atfiiction and resuming her pre-.
position within her own froat.e.
still sadly restricted. bat ye, ame
enough to give her the right
claim recognition hcncetorth as
great power, ranking Only after c.
many, France and Italy, upon Il
European Continent. and ,o-ai
stronger than Germany on the mi
tary side.
Copyright. 1920, 5y The McChr
Newspaper Synd.catc)
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17
German Disaster Ahead

If the popular vote shall result in
the acquisition by Poland Of Upper
Silesia, with its 100000 inhab-
ltants and it's vast industrial estab-
lshments and mineral wealth, Po-
land will become one of the great in
dustrial countries Of Europe, with
vast coal, iron and oil resources. By
contrast, the loss Of this region will
be something approximating death
sentence to Germany, already de-
prived Of the Alsace-Lorraine iron
mines and the Saar coal regions.
Naturally, the Germans are max
ing a desperate fight to hold on to
Upper Silesia and the newspapers
are filled with dispatches narrating
the struggles between the two ele-
ments. Fortunately for the Poles,
the French are representing the
League Of Nations in this region and
upon them the Poles can rely for
fair treatment. There is little or no
question that if the election should
be fair Poland would win. And the
Germans themselves are already be-
ginning to fear disaster.
But even with Upper Silesia dis
posed of, the Poles have still to OBJ
tain their rights in the matter of
Danzig. The solution, reached at
Paris and designed to meet Paris
theories and not to face the facts
on the Baltic, has proved totally
unsatisfactory in the recent Russo
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17
Historically Established

The armistice line is thus histori-
cally established, but it is not mere
ly upon historical grounds that the
Polish case rests. Thus, the new line
also follows almost exactly that line
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17
BY Frank II. Simonds
E ME armistice of Riga repre-
IS sents the surrender of the
4 Bolshevists on terms as hu-

vi T. armlStlce Of Riga repre-
81 sents the surrender of th'
0 Bolshevists on terms as hu
initiating and unconditional
as those which were accepted By
them nearly three years ago at the
time of the signing of the peace OF
Brest-Litovsk. It completes the loss
to the Russian nation of all of the
western lands acquired by Peter
the Great and his successors, save
only small district containing
Petrograd itself. Taken in conjunc-
ton with the several treaties with
the Firms, the Esthonians, the Let's,
the Lithuanians and the Rumanians,
i. throws Russia back to her west
ern boundaries of the seventeenth
century.
specifically, as the armistice lines
affect Poland, it restores substan-
TALLY the boundaries which separ-
ated the Poles from the Russians on
the east following the second par
tition Of Poland in 1893, which final
ly liquidated the Napoleonic estate.
Restores the Old Poland
1t Is essential, then, to recognize
at the outset of the discussion that
this armistice Of Riga, which, so
far as the territorial provisions
are concerned, in all probability will
be translated into defnitive treaty
of peace with but brief delay, does
no moro than restore to Poland q
portion of what was hers for CEN
turies and was stolen from her by
the Russians just a century and a
quarter ago. Moreover, it repre-
sents reduction by half of the
claims Poland set out to establish in
her campaign Of the spring, which
ended so disastrously. Her purpose
then was to restore her frontiers
of l772, which extended to the
Dnieper and followed the Dvina
from Vitebsk to the outskirts of
Riga, that is, almost to the sea.
Poland, then, by the armistice re-
signs more than half Of the terri
tory in dispute between herself and
Russia, falling back upon the from
tier Of 1772. The armistce line
adopted runs fairly straight from
the Dvina east of Dyinsk to the
Dneister just north of Czcrnowitz;
it leaves Minsk to Russia, but con-
cedes Rowne, Sarny, Louninctz and
Baranovitchi to Poland, together
with a corridor extending from the
Niemen to the Dvina between Lth-
uanian and Russian territory
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17

tricts, but the protection Of the fe-
males, and the enforcement Of ot1or
wise laws have led to q remarkable
improvement, and these animals
have now spread over the entire
province
An Extensive Preserve
zone Of the largest and best
stocked wilderness sanctuaries for
game in America in which moose
are found is the Superior State
Game Refuge, in Minnesota, and ad-
joining it, on the Canadian side of
the boundary, the Quetico Provincial
Reserve, In Ontario. The Superior
Game Refuge is state institution.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17
he Riga Armistice Another Brest-Ltovsk for the Re

Polish campaign, and Poland will
now seek to establish her right to
control the city as is provided in
the Treaty Of Versailles. More than
this, there is small question that in
brief time Poland will endeavor to
make her authority absolute and
thus extinguish the dangerous stu
alton which must continue as long
as the existing conditions are pre-
served.
A similar unsettled dispute sur
wives with respect to the Mazurian
Lake district, in which the popula-
tion is indisputably Polish. A pleb
iscite was held to determine the
final allegiance Of this population,
but it was conducted in manner
which made the whole procedure a
sham, and the Poles arc very far
from accepting the decision as final.
On the other hand, the dispute be-
tween the Poles and the Czechs
over the Teschen district has been
settled by the representatives Of the
great powers, and the decision has
been accepted by both contestants,
thus abolishing one Of the all too
numerous boundary problems of the
Poles.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17
Not Disappearing

The discouraging tales of the
vanishing moose arc vigorously
disputed by the author of the book.
He even insists that moose are in
creasing greatly in numbers in many
portions Of their range. In this
connection he quotes ex-Congress-
man George Shiras Sd, who has for
many years been making extended
trips into widely scattered sections
of the northern wilderness, and in
dorses the opinion Of Mr.. Shiras
that the moose "is now more abun-
dant and more widely distributed on
this continent than at any previous
period with which q comparison can
be made"
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17
O AMERICAN game animal
seems to be SO little un-
derstood by the public at

large as the greatest and
most important of them all, the
moose. This animal is constantly
being represented as rapidly follow
ing the buffalo on the road to prac~
tcal extinction. 1t has remained
for Boston newspaper man, who is
an experienced moose hunter, to
disprove this assertion.
This writer, Samuel Merrill, of
The Boston Globe, has gathered
from official sources all available
data regarding the numbers Of
moose now to be found in the for
ests of the United States and Can
ada, and regarding the measures
which have been taken to safeguard
the future of the species. This he
has done in the second edition Of
The Moose Book, just published by
L. p. Dutton G. Co., Of New York.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17

not political, necessity. The cor
ridor thus belongs exactly in the
category of the military zone on the
Rhine, which the victorious Allies
occupied against a possible return
Of German aggression and as n
guaranty of performance by Ger
many Of her obligations under the
Treaty Of Versailles.
The ultimate frontier between
Lithuania and Poland will doubtless
extend from the East Prussian from
tier near Suwalki to the Niemcn
north of Grodno and follow this
river eastward to the point where it
leaves Russian territory BY such q
settlement Poland would acquire
definitively upward of 10000 square
miles Of territory and not less
than 100000 people, made up Of
Poles, Lithuanians, White Russians
and Ukrainians. but in all this
region Polish culture and the Polish
language have been predominant for
centuries.
East Of the Curzcn Line
BY contrast with the ethnic from
tier, the so-called "Curzon line
tentatively fixed by the Paris Con-
ference, the Poles now push their
boundaries eastward for approx
mately a hundred miles, but by con-
trast with their frontiers of 1772
they consent to retire westward for
more than hundred and fifty miles.
1t IS worth recalling again, more
over, that the Curzon line did not
represent a final adjustment of
Polish claims. but only line which
established the irreducible minimum
of Polish rights without prejudice to
their claims to the eastward. The
Riga line represents, then, q COM
promise and very reasonable COM
promise, and not, as has been again
and again asserted, an excess of inn
perialism.
Defeated Poland would have had
no right and little opportunity to
demand the present frontier. But
Poland is not defeated, but victori-
Gus, and it is plain that Russian
military force has completely col
lapsed. Recalling that at the mo-
nlent the Reds were at the gates of
Warsaw Lloyd George recognized
their right to speak as victors, it is
plain that the turn Of the tide has
bestowed upon the Poles a similar
right, and it is no plain that
so far they have o..srcised it with
due moderation.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17

found In some form Of Baltic league.
1t is in this direction that both
French and Polish craftsmanship is
looking, and it is by no means i'm
possible that the present armistice
may prove the first step in the de-
velopment Of new Baltic league
which viii! have enormous impor-
tance in the future.
Fate's Quick Reversal
In any event. after having been
on the edge of ruin few short
weeks ago, Poland now emcrges a
considerable nation, with more than
30,000,OO0 people and an area
greater than that Of the British
Islands or Of Italy, even if Lithu-
ania be excluded. She has, in addi-
ton, obtained a viable frontier on
the east, and her defeat Of the Reds
seems to insure her q breathing
spell, at least so far as her eastern
neighbor is concerned. The tempta-
ton to join hands with Wrangel and
complete the ruin Of the Reds is
obvious, but no real Polish interest
would be served by such a course,
and Polish decision to make peace
with the Reds is to be commended on
all counts.
There remain the questions Of the
west, and to these Poland is now
likely to turn her attention. She
has Immediately to concern herself
with the plebiscite in Upper Silesia,
where the population is clearly Po-
lish-that is, in the proportion Of
two Poles to one German. This re-
gion was assigned to Poland in the
first draft Of the Treaty Of Ver-
sailles, and very unfairly withdrawn
in the final versions in Difference to
German protests.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17
A Strategic Railroad

But self-preservation and a proper
regard for the Polish minority dwell
ing within the Lithuanian frontiers,
however drawn, must compel the
Poles to take measures to eliminate
Russian influence and control. The
so-called corridor created between
the frontiers Of Lithuania and of
Russia, as recognized by the Lithu-
anians and the Russians in their re-
cent treaty, enables the Poles both
to separate the Reds from the Lithu-
anians and to make contact them
selve with the Let's, who are friend
". In addition, and this circum-
stance is important, it prevents di-
rect rail communication between
the Reds and the Germans by giving
the Poles control of section of the
connecting railway lines.
Once Lithuania is established, free
Of Bolshevist influence, it is probable
that Poland will, on the advice of
her friends among the grear powers.
consent to withdraw her troops
from Lithuania and surrender to
her neighbor the control Of the cor
ridor, which represents military,
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17

katchewan. "The moose IS by FAR ii.
most plentiful Of our big game AM
mails" writes the Chief Game Guarl
ian in his annual report.
Manitoba, with thirteen big gaas
refugees, reports 1857 moose killed
last year in the sections where shoo-
ing is permitted. IN New Bruas-
wick 1,43O moose were killed. ard
still, as the chief Game Warden
says in his report. moose are hold
ing their own
Nova Scotia reports a marked ia
crease in the number Of moose. "Tf
growth in the kiil of moose from 40
in 1909 to 1853 in isI7." say IT,
game commissioners in their repor
could not have been brought abou
unless the number If moose IN tie
province had consia taA.y increased
during the Intervening Gears
Yellow-tonc's Biz Herd
The STATE Game Warden q
Wyoming in his report late.y issue.
states that counts and conservative
estimates" contained in reports a.
state and Federal officials show taa'
in Yellowstone National Park there
are 1000 moose, and in tae three
counties Of Wyoming aa. e'r'as 'a'
park 2,22l more. In 1897 .he aa-'
Der Of moose IN yellow .o.e Fa'.
was only dft.. n-e
had increased To .10. acc iins
official reports. aad tte more rece
Increase shows how l..te ine..na'.a
the moose has to vanish irom 'a'
woods Of North America
Newfoundland has .ee F been
stocked with moose. 4..aa-a aia
ing is not yet permitted ~.-'-a
with four moose, brought fIan Ne'
Brunswick sixteen years a-7' VIZ.
satisfactory increase has been n'a''
tanned, and the success u the eHps'
ment is assured
Even in far-away New Zea-aa.
Canadian moose have sound q home
Four young bulls and sz yo1''
COWS were taken there. their Jour
ney covering more than 5000 nile.
across stormy tropical seas. o'I q
reached their destination IN pef's'
condition. No doubt their rroge',
win afford juicy steaks = appre'''
tive New XcalanGers for seaei.
tons 70 come.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17
Polish Terms as F1umiliiating and
Unconditional as Those
Of the Germans

on which the German invasion of
Russia halted after the great vic
tories Of 1915, which forced the Rus
slams to abandon Poland and Galicia.
In addition to Poland, the enor-
mously important railway extending
from Dvina through wilma, Barano-
vitchi, Sarny and Rowne, which was
not only an important trunk line be-
fore the World War, but the vital
line of communications for the Ger
man front after 1915.
Finally, and this consideration also
counts, the line thus marked repre-
sents the shortest and strategically
the strongest possible line on the
east. 1t gives to Polish armies the
cover on the northern flank of the
Dvina, if Lithuania Is finally incor-
porated in Poland, and of the Me
men il it is not, while on the south
the Zbrusc is similarly serviceable.
In the center the great Pripet
marshes supply the one real natural
obstacle to invasion of Poland.
Two different questions will be
raised by this frontier if 1t is finally
established as definitive boundary:
the first concerns the Lithuanians,
the second the White Russians and
Ukrainians living to the west Of it.
AS to Lithuania, 1t seems inevitable
that the Poles must in the end rec
ognize the autonomy and probably
the absolute independence Of this
state. Historically it was joined to
Poland by the will of its rulers for
many centuries, and the present
quarrel between the Lithuanians and
the Poles is Of relatively recent date,
but, none the less, the cleavage is
very marked.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17
The Case of Wrangel

LSITOI.
The Case of Wrangel
Since that time the Reds have had
two years in which to deal with
their domestic enemies, and they
have taken advantage of their op-
portunities by the most merciless
and brutal repression and slaughter.
To-day there is far less material
out Of which to construct a revolu-
tion against the Reds and far fewer
leaders available to head it. At the
moment Wrangel seems the one
hope, but the Allied countries are
very far from agreement on the
question Of Wrangel.
1t is of utmost Importance, how
ever, that the French have recog-
nized Wrangel, and if it be true, as
is frequently reported, that Wey-
gand Is to be sent to South Russia
to repeat his exploits before War
saw, then the possibility of an over
throw Of the Reds by military at
tack is still far from imaginary.
Yet the one barrier still lies in
the absolute divergence of British,
French. Italian and American poll
cies. United, these four countries
could very easily overthrow the
Reds. although 1t might srequire
large armies and q considerable ex-
penditure Of money and the sacri-
flee Of precious lives.
France Stands Alone
Only France, however, advocates
such drastic policy. The United
States, while sharing the French
view that all recognition Of the Red
government Is inadvisable, holds to
the opinion that the Russians must
be left to work out their own saliva
tion without foreign interference.
Obviously, Mr.. Wilson and his asso-
ciates have in mind the history of
the French Revolution and are eager
to escape the perils which might re-
suit from q possible awakening Of
Russian patriotism, such as saved
the French Revolution in 1892.
The British and the Italians, on
the other hand, openly advocate a
recognition Of the Red government,
or, at the least, the opening of COM
mercial relations. In both cases the
governmental policy is determined
by the tremendous power recently
developed by radical elements at
home, the Socialists in Italy and the
Labor groups in Britain. Until Sec
retary Colby issued his statement
supporting the French view and the
Weygand victory before Warsaw
brought military ruin to the Reds,
both the British and the Italian gov
ernments were exerting pressure
New-York tribune., 1920-10-17

cluded any new campaign. 1t was
the general view Of the best in
formed in Paris in the closing days
of 1918 and the opening weeks of
the following year that a vigorous
and sustained Allied effort to sup
port the anti-Redu forces in Russia
would have led to THE deliverance Of
the Russians from their Bolshevist
terror.
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1920-08-13
F. G. Tarbox, Jr.
County Agent.

and it is expected that many 9th
er citizens will be present to at
tend the special lectures. Includ-
ed in the program are lectures
by DR.. w. H. Dudley, of the
University of Wisconsin, on
Mass Education Through Visual
Instruction." by Prof. Paul J.
Weaver, on Community Sings;
by Miss Henrietta Masseling, of
the Atlantic schools, on STORY
telling, Plays, and Cameo; and
by Professors E. G. Branson, and
Howard Odum, of the University.
Director Crosby of the state
bureau is in charge. A special
feature will be an exhibition of
country home comforts and con-
veniences by Professor P. H.
Daggett, of the University. and
R. X. White, of the Delco Lights
Sale School, of Dayton, Ohio.
A number of recreational events
have been planned, including
many moving pictures furnished
by the bureau itself.