davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27

Not only is DR.. Ladd a big figure
in the industrial and political life of
North Dakota, but his work has at
tracted the attention Of the entire ma
tion and also Of other countries. The
farmers of the United States give
DR.. Ladd credit for securing the
$2.25 wheat price established by the
federal government during the war. 1t
was generally known that Herbert
Hoover, food regulator, wanted the
wheat price placed at $1.65, while the
president of the United States wanted
it at $1.85. 1t was DR.. Ladd's data
showing the cost of raising wheat and
his incontrovertible arguments why
the price should not be lower than
that, which finally convinced congress
and saved the farmers of the nations
millions that would otherwise have
been lost by them.
Dr.. Ladd was one of the first state
food commissioners in the nation to
take up the fight against impure and
adulterated foodstuffs being put on
the market by unscrupulous manu-
facturers. He started the fight in
North Dakota shortly after his ap-
pointment as state chemist in 1902
and has kept it up relentlessly ever
since. AS result he has been the
center of attack by big business in
terests of the entire nation for years
and, as he himself expressed it some
time ago, "it is rare day when /
am not served with papers in libel
and damage suit" Most of these
cases never came to trial, however,
and one has been won against Dr.
Ladd to date AS state chemist and
food commissioner, his actions have
invariably been upheld by the state
and federal courts.
known internationally
Dr. Ladd was born in Starks, Me-,
Dec. 13, 1859. He graduated from
the University Of Maine in 1884 and
held positions of assistant chemist and
then chief chemist at the New York
state experiment station from 1884
ito 1890. In 1890 he became dean of
the school of chemistry and pharmacy
at the North Dakota Agricultural col
lege. He also held the position of
chief chemist for the testing of food
products offered for sale in this state
and occupied this position ever since
. DR.. Ladd is member Of the stand
ards committee on food products for
the United States and member of
the leading chemistry and scientific
associations of this country and abroad
AS chemist and authority on food
Legislation he has won international
fame.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
"THE BIG IDEA"

T.. The Senior class of the high school
as the class play "The Big
Idea Y A. E. Thomas and Clayton
Hamilton, on Wednesday night.
The plot Of the play is as interest
ing as it is unusual. Dick Howard's s
father, president Of large bank, has
endorsed notes for an old friend. The
friend has proved Crook" Mr.. How
ard is suddenly called upon to make
the notes good, under pressure takes
trust funds from the bank, and hav-
ing realized on everything that he
owns is still $4,000 short, and the
bank examiner is due in four days.
Dick having canvassed all other pos
sibilities Of raising $4,000 decides to
save the reputation Of his father, and
the position Of his mother and sister,
and make available 5000 of life in
surance, which he carries, by commit
ting suicide.
"The girl" Elaine Foster, college
chum Of Dicks sister, Elsie puts the
idea into Dicks head to write the sit
uation into play and sell the play.
Together they write the play. The
plot lacks heart interest, so in order
to save time they decide to act out
the love scene, but they lose track
of what is play and what is real. To-
gether they sell the play and they
write the scene with the theatrical
manager who buys it.
Dick is played by Ralph Ferguson,
Elaine by Mable Mennie, the part of
Dicks father is taken by Victor Eek
berg, the mother by Bergliot Haugen,
the sister by Ethel Brainard, the in
surance agent who wrote the $685.
600 policy by Lyle Rogers, Bryne,
teller in Howard's bank, by Thomas
Carlson, Gilmore, the manager who
pays $4,000 for play by Leo Scully,
his assistant by Chester Condit and
office boy by Thomas White.
You will want to see this unusual
play. Remember the date and place.
Grand Theatre, Wednesday June 2,
$50 P. NJ.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
STATE ELEVATOR TO
RECEIVE 1920 CROP
DRAKE MILL PAYS MORE THAN
PRIVATE MILLS FOR WHEAT.
SELLS FLOUR FOR LESS

The state elevator which is being
constructed at Grand Forks will be
completed in time to store the fall
crop according to the contractors. The
state mill will be completed several
months later Carpenters, an excavat-
ing crew of thirty teams and other
workers are already on the job. The
excavating machinery which was
shipped some weeks ago was held up
by congested railroad conditions.
When it arrives two shifts will be ar
ranged and the 10000 yards of dirt
will be moved in short order.
Great economies are being effected
by the purchase of materials thru the
industrial commission instead of by
the contractors. On the cement alone
$12,OOO.OO was saved according to J.
"A. McGovern, manager of the State
Mill and Elevator association. The
contractors are making arrangements
to house the employees comfortably
and to this end are erecting tempor-
ary frame buildings where 400 or 500
men can be accommodated.
IA cents per Bushel Higher
The state mill at Drake is running
"a hours a day, according to Mr.. Nc
Govern. 1t is receiving more wheat
than it can handle and it's orders for
flour have been so heavy that at pres
ent it is II carloads behind the de-
mand For the farmers wheat the
mill is paying from 1926 to $3.40 a
bushel. This contrasts quite favorably
with the price quoted in Grand Forks
which is from $246 to $296 per BUSH
el. The state mill at Drake is thus
paying about 44 cents bushel more
than the local price prevailing at
Grand Forks.
Mr.. McGovem also gave some inter-
esting figures on flour prices.
State Flour Cheaper
II saw this morning a card from
the Russell-Miller Milling company of
this city quoting the prices on flour"
Mr.. McGovern said. "According to the
card this concern asks $1G95 per bar
rel for flour in 90 pound sacks, and
$17.15 in 40 pound sacks. The Baldwin
mills are selling the former for $1,000
and the latter of $16.80 At the Drake
mill flour in SO pound sacks is sold
for $16.40 per barrel and in 40 pound
sack lots or $1,000 per barrel There
is not any question that we can do
better yet with the big mill at Grand
Forks"
State Mill Makes RrOfit
The Drake mill continues to make
good profit and according to Mr.. Nc
Govern, could not be replaced at the
present for less than $4,000.
"The state bought the mill for $780,
900. 1t has been appraised by our ap-,
praisers for $32,000.00 and at the
present valuations, | defy anyone to
replace the mill for less than 100000,
90" Mr.. McGovern said.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
LAST CHANCE TO ORGANIZE
WOOL GROWERS ASSOCIATION

We, the undersigned Wool Growers
of Bottineau County, appointed to dis
cuss plans for the organization OF a
Bottineau County Wool Growers AS
sociation, assembled in the office OF
the County Agent, Tuesday May 25th
hereby present the following resolu-
tions to the Wool Growers Of Bot
tineau County.
Whereas, sheep raising is growing
industry in Bottineau County,
Whereas, this industry should be
promoted as far as possible.
Whereas, the marketing Of wool
has been very unsatisfactory IN the
past.
Whereas, a County Wool Growers
Association would be Of benefit to
the wool growers of Bottineau Coun-
ty, not only in the marketing OF the
wool but in all matters pertaining to
the sheep industry of this county.
Therefore be it Resolved:
That a meeting to be held at Bot
ttneau, Saturday afternoon, June 9th,
1920 at 200 o'clock P. M. for the pur.
pose Of organizinz q County wool
Growers Association. =
Signed,
Joseph Andrieux,
Mennick Fossum,
Richard Steinhaus,
j, Joe Vassau,
G.. B. Aamodt.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
LOSES TO TOWNER
IN OPENING GAME

The Bottineau base ball team lost
the first game of the season at the
fair grounds Sunday afternoon to the
Towner boys, with score Of Z to 6
The game was very interesting
throughout the lead changing with
nearly every inning. Brown and Fer
guson did the battery work for Bot
tineau. The Tow1er boys seemed to
have their luck with them as several
balls hit by Bottineau men, that
would ordinarily have gone for hits
were outs. The locals next play at
Dunseith on Sunday where they will
meet the fast Wolford team.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
FINAL NOTICE TO
SERVICE MEN

On July 1st the special provision
for reinstatement government insur-
ance expires. Before that time you can
re-instate by paying two months
premium and signing a satisfactory
health statement.
The benefits of government insur-
anee may be summarized as follows:
Government insurance may be paid
in a lump sum or in installments OF
36 or more months.
It provides total permanent disa-
bility payments.
It includes participation in divi-
dends.
It has cash, loan and paid up val
ues and extended insurance privileges
at the end of the first year instead
Of the third year as is the case in
most insurance.
It is incontestable from date of is
sue and contains no restrictions as to
travel, residence occupation, military
or naval service.
It is non taxable, non attachable
for debts of the insured or the bene-
ficiary.
It is cheaper than ordinary insur-
ance because the expenses Of admins
tration are borne by the government.
Write for blanks upon which to
make reinstatement to II. w. Bervig,
Chairman Home Service, Souris, N.
ID. fgt
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
STATE TAX 3 S.. r 5.,.,. :.
ONE MILL LESS IN 1870
STATE LEVY WILL BE ONLY Z
OF ONE MILL, SOLDIER BON
US rs OF ONE MILL

Tax Commissioner George E. WAL
lace announces that the state tax levy
for 1920 will be only seven tenths of
one. mill, if the board of equalization
carries out his recommendation. With
the levy for the soldier bonus at three
quarters of mill for 1920 the total
levy for all purposes will probably
not exceed 1.45 mills, according to
Mr.. Wallace. The levy for state pur-
poses for 1919 was 241 mills.
This wholesale slicing of the state
levy is due, said Mr.. Wallace in an
address before the convention of the
North Dakota Auditors association,
to the success of the state in tax lit
igation which has withheld hundreds
of thousands of dollars Of tax money
from the state treasury. With the
collection of these taxes still mat
ter Of doubt when the board of equal
ization met last year, it was neces-
sary to include in the 1919 levy suf-
fcient provision to meet the deficit
created. This money in litigation
will now accrue to the state with the
result that it will be credited against
this years tax bill. Practically all
litigation on tax measures is settled
the one exception being the action
brought by the railroad companies to
set aside portion of the 1917 taxes.
"Our way is now clear said Mr..
Wallace, with reference to the in
come tax, tax on capital stock of
corporations, bank taxes, inheritance
and oil tax"
No More Hard Tines
"In addition it is my opinion that
the state will not have to go through
it's hard time period as has been the
custom in the past" Mr.. Wallace ex-
planned that between July l, the date
appropriations become available, and
January /, the date on which payment
to cover these appropriations begin
former state auditors had to exercise
considerable financial judgemnlt to
pull through without serious incon-
venience. State Auditor Kositzky,
however, was determined there should
be trouble last year and he purpose
ly made extravagant out of season
expenditures to embarass the state
government during the usual hard
time period when money is scarce.
The precaution taken by the board
of equalization to prevent a lack Of
money is to raise 25 per cent more
than the required levy so that the
Estate will at all times have it's full
share of tax money on hand to meet
expenses. Customarily only rs per cent
of the taxes are paid each year, 20
per cent hang over for another year
and S per cent are never collected.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES
FORESTRY NORMAL SCHOOL
Commencement Sunday Exercises at
Forestry Normal Assembly Room
May 30, 1920, $3.50 P. NJ.

America Congregation.
Scripture Reading-Rev. Carlson
Vocal Solo-"But the Lord is Mindful
of His Own" from "St. Paul''-
Mendelsshon-Helen Falkenstein.
Invocation-Rev.S Start.
Vocal Duet, "When Twilight Weaves
Her Gentle SPELL" Beethoven
Laura Kornkven, Gertrude Murdoch.
Announcements Shuler.
Hymn-Congregation.
Commencement Sunday Address
"The Educational Situation Pres
ident Vernon l.. Mangun.
Recessional (Kipling)-DeKoven-De
Koven Club.
Benediction.
Commencement Exercises, Grand The
atre, June 3, 1920, S:15 P. M.
lnvocation-Rev. Carlson.
Lassie O'Mine-DeKoven Club.
Commencement Lecture-President
Thos. F. Kane, The University of
North Dakota.
Vocal Solo, "Lullaby from Jocelyn,"
ooNcII WI NIdISuH.
Awarding of Diplomas-President
Vernon L. Mangun.
'T'm Longin' Dear for you" Hath
way-Girls Chorus.
Benediction.
Class of 1920
Two-Year College Curriculum
Esther Ruth Amundson.
One-Year Normal School Curriculum
Lois Elizabeth Trent
Alice c. Boardman.
Elizabeth A. Fairweather.
Pearl Madeline Johnson
Jessie S. Cranston
Agnes D. Solberg
Hilda Anderson
Ann Ingebretson
Two Year Normal School Curriculum
Cora Catheryn Wigby
Three-Year Normal School Curriculum
Antonia M. Klebe
Louise Larson
Mabelle Larson
iona Goodman
Ellen NJ Freeman
William Lueck
Commercial Curriculum
Sandy E. Hanson
Sarah M. Lillestrand
Emde Kalbfleisch.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
HIGH SCHOOL NOTES

The calendar of events during COM
mencement week is as follows:
Sunday May 80, 500 P. M. Pres.
Start
Monday May 81. $50 P. M. Grand
Theatre, Freshman play. Booth Tar
kingdoms "Seventeen."
Tuesday, June l, $3.50 P. M. High
School Bldg. Senior Class Day Pro-
gram.
Wednesday, June 2, $50 P. M. at
Grand Theatre, Senior class play,
'The Big 1dea."
Friday June 4, $3.50 P. M. High
School building Commencement Ad-
dress. Dean Kennedy of the Univer-
sity of North Dakota.
AS has been mentioned previously
in this column, the Freshman class
members of the dramatic club were
permitted to contribute to the COM
mencement week festivities on condi-
tions that people should take part who
had not appeared in any play previos-
ly this year. A dramatization Of
Booth Tarkington's "Seventeen" will
be given. The public is assured an eve
ming of wholesome entertainment. The
cast of characters is as follows:
Mr.. Baxter-Karl Pinkerman.
Mrs. Baxter-Ruth Mckay.
VIM. Sylvanus >Baxter-Alfred Ode
gard.
Jane katherine Eastgate.
Mr.. Parcher-Guy Culver.
Mrs. Parcher-Devern Hendrikson
May Parcher- Dorothy Beevers.
Lola Pratt-EGzabeth Falkenstein
Rannie Kirkstad- Gretchen johnson.
Genesis-Oren Smedsrud.
Mr.. Genesis-John Nelson.
Joe Bullit-Victor Lonsborough.
Mr.. George Cooper-Rolla Eastgate.
Johnnie Watson-Alton Hewitt.
Miss ke-Marion TAFT.
Baseball season for the high school
is rather short, only two games hav-
ing been played SO far. Both Of these
have been played with Rugby. The
first at Bottineau on Thursday May
20, the score 16 to II in favor Of Bot
tineau, the second at Rugby Tuesday
May 25th.
Details with respects to Senior
class play appear elsewhere.
The graduating class this year has
forty members, this being the largest
class ever graduated from Bottineau
High School. The high school is just
ly proud of the class Of 1920.
The public is most cordially invited
to attend the events Of commencement
week.
Watch for Senior Glass Paper which
will be on sale at 1Oc per copy some
time during commencement week.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
ADVOCATE EDITOR FAILS TO RETRACT--
SUED FOR LIBEL BY STATES ATTORNEY
COULDN'T MAKE HIS BLUFF STICK, so HAVE
EXPLAINING AT NEXT TERN OF DISTRICT COURT CASE
THOR OUCH "A1RING"

On Monday May 18th Mr.. Weeks
served notice of Demand for Re-
traction on the Advocate and this not
being complied with last week, he
served the final papers which brings
the Northwestern Farmers Publishing
Co., and w. R. Lee as it's editor be-
fore the next jury term of District
Court. The action is brought for
$10,000.00 damages and unless the Ad-
vocate editor can convince the jury
that the statements in the above para
graph are truthful he will stand con-
victed.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27

In the issue of the Farmers Advo-
cate of May IA the following para
graph was run regarding States At
torney Weeks:
"We believe Mr.. Weeks real deep
seated sympathy for the down-trodden
farmer occurred about three years
ago when he befriended one certain
man, Shong by name. Far be it from
us to in anywise criticize the states
attorney in this matter other than it
would appear to an outsider that he
was using the greatest efforts at his
command to allow a violator of the
law to escape. Mr.. Weeks nonparti-
sanism is of the brand that particular
ly allows the farmer being farmed." "
Farmers Advocate.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
BAPTIST CHURCH NOTICES

Sunday morning service at 1O:46.
Sermon Theme, "The Old Testament
Preview Of the Atonement." Sunday
School at IL NJ B. Y. P. u. service at
z P. NJ. Leader Mr.. Corey. Subject,
"Bible work in Mining and Lumber
Camps. Prayer meeting and Bible
Study on Wednesday evening. Owing
to the Baccalaureate services at the
Presbyterian Church next Sunday
night there will be no preaching SER
vice at this church in the evening.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
HERE'S THE TICKET

The following candidates are tn
ones endorsed by the Nonpartisa
League and for whom all Leagu
members and sympathizers shoul
vote on June 30th:
Supreme Court Justice
SETH w. RICHARDSON.
Supt. of Public Instruction
RUTH M. JOHNSON.
United States Senator
E. F. LADD.
Congressman Second District, ,'
THOMAS PENDRAY.
Governor
LYNN J. FRAZIER.
Lieutenant Governor
HOWARD R. WOOD.
Secretary of State
J. I. CAHILL.
State Auditor
D. c. POINDEXTER.
State Treasurer
R. H. Walker
Attorney General
WILLIAM LEMKE.
Commissioner Of Agriculture and
Labor
JOHN N. HAGAN.
Commissioner of Insurance
S. A. OLSNESS.
Railroad Commissioners
C. w. MCDONNELL.
C. F. DUPUIS.
FRANK MILHOLLAN.
District Judge Second District
A. G. BURR.
State Senator
A. M. HAGEN.
REPRESENTATIVES,
VIM. MARTIN.
]. C. MILLER.
FRED SIMS.
NELS MAGNUSON.
County Auditor
VIM. M. MARTIN. r-
Treasurer ..
H. c. DANA. -..
Sheriff
THos. HENNEssY.
Register Of Deeds
O. r. FINSTAD.
Clerk of District Court
T. D. ACHESON. ~. =.
Judge of County Court
JOHN E. MARTIN. .1
Supt. of Schools .s.
ANNA D. BURR. .aE..r
County Commissioner Second Distri<
]. P. PARKINSON.
County Commissioner Third Distric
=. M. KROMREY.
County Commissioner Fifth District
Ira JOHNSTON.
) Vote for all Of the above names
the Primary Election June 30th.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
NOTICE OF BIDS WHITTERON
TOWNSHIP

Sealed bids will be received by the
Board of Supervisors Of Whitteron
Township up to Friday June II, at
2 P. M. for engine power to pull II
foot blade grader, a total distance Of
40 miles. Description Of road to be
graded can be had by applying to
w. r. Dinwoodie or w. F. Trent.
Board reserves right to reject any or
all bids.
BY order Of the Board of Supervi-
sors.
w. F. Trent, Clerk.
M. 27 to June 10.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
TODAY'S PROGRAM

The following is the program Of
events for this afternoon:
2:0O-Band Concert.
3:00-Speeches by Francis Murphy,
and r. A. Nestos Of Minot.
5:00-Banquet at Home Auto Co.
6:30-Baseball game, Bottineau vs.
Willow City at Fair Grounds.
Big Dance at Wanner Hall after ball
game.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27
MANY IN ATTENDANCE
AT SILVER WEDDING

Sunday May %, was the silver we'd
ding anniversary Of Mr.. and Mrs. +.
i. Lillestrand of Eidsvold township
and about 800 Of their friends gather
ed there in grand surprise on that
date. Lloyd Lillestrand was home from
Bismarck while his sister Amelia OF
Fargo and Sarah Of this city were in
attendance. Many beautiful gifts were
presented Mr.. and Mrs. Lillestrand
and very pleasant day spent.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1920-05-27

Marguerite Clarke in '.Uncle Toms
Cabin" at the Grand tonight. &
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1920-03-17
P0urIcA INTERNATIONAL
Otra vez el Monarca...?

~ caA.isaa ilupss a. b hfssana.
rian AuNaese alinfun gus - mnaa.
~ hMhlan assgumae "A HssAsassa an.
lnhn. 80 rsa.lsns uue ~ namsla ~
la.llliunno > isnia ~ Canr1ler acno-
lnlnaao -'iEpssaai' y nsanisssln IA in.
lasSrnrian 81 Ia casa Ts6hlia a. De-
tandiIlos a. b EEAn eneEtA.
No ~ eumurcnslhle ms resolmrion
smiliiar mssahrqnioA. nlsora uae Il rnai.
cAliEmp ilausm - Rnain y ~ culpa
q Doe alemanes d l.nl,elie impuluudo
, dcaaruolln3o.
Sabide - qoe "a nangur pnFte del
Estado Mayor runo e. aiumkn. ; cue
q eiencilo rano doiirndc IA sitancidal
''boichcsique" y curnta en- sus flns--
en- Asia-cdmo u6cleo principal. q chi
nos y nipones. hostfles a IA actual
fOrma De gobienO de sns respertivos
paises.
Hay un enibnollo en- todo esto. que
no Is f&ca aolarar y, sobre todo,
cuando a inferes de los gobieEnOs por
cuyOs paises pasan las noticias. Is
el de informar y que a sus intereses
convene; perO el hecho indudable es
que Ia paz no sc cOnsOlida, y hay cons
tante guerra en- paises que resultan
una verdadera amenaza para el restO
de los pueblos que, despnes de tantOs
SACRIFICES, han de estar ~arma al bra
20" en- provision de muy pOsibles y
muy eercanas contingencies. .i
otro signo de "a actual peligrosa
situaeion es el de que todOs los hOm-
bres que fOrmarOn gobierno y diri-
jieron la gran guerra estan siendo
sustituidos y deErotados por. sus pro-
piOs pueblos. 80 s..s.-'-' 's ~
Nuevos hombres, quizas con etras
tendencias, estan nuedando al frente
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1920-03-17
Frente al Mar de Aguadilia

La canci6n sosegada, casf ritmica,
de este mar v en- esta hora,y tiene no
Sc que de evocador, sedante v senti-
mental. Es la hora de la media-lub ere,
Epuscular, en- que los rumores multi
formes de la Naturaleza Sc apaci-
guam, languidecen de naanera impre-
elsa y todo parece estar precedido de
ese annbiente de paz y recogimiento
que preside los recintos espaciosos de
las grandes catedrales. Hora solem-
ne, hora de paz y evocacion. Hora
en- que todo reza la suprema oracion
de las bellas ilusiones que Sc fueron...
Hora en- quesel mar canta su cancion
I y la terra suspira levemente la nos
talgia del Sol desaparecido en- el ho-
rizonte lejano.
DE la ciudad cercana llegan hasta
mi rumores apagados, algo parecido
a un rezo distante, al vuelo unifor-
me de una bandada de colibries que
fueran presurosos a buscar la paz v
el descanso de los bosques mediate
vos.
Yo contemplo el mar con una emo
ci6n algo filosofca y en- mi nente es-
tablezco raras comparaciones entire su
poder misterioso, su grandeza que
anonada Y el poder effmero v la gram
n r. seas. - 4 = 3