davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1920-05-30
FUNDS FROM AMERICA FEED
100000 POLISH CHILDREN

served. the Polish republics minister
states. Not only have the million and
a quarter children been fed, but over
half million have been clothed.
He says: Through this wonderful
work our friends in America, with
their great humanitarian project. are
not only giving life and health to
hundreds and thousands of Polish
children. but they are also fulfilling
great role in giving to our children
the strength to meet those difficult
problems of reconstruction and eco
nomical development. which We must
face for many years to come after
this disastrous war"
To-day 100000 children from in
fancy to fifteen years of age, as well
as nursing mothers, receive their
daily meal in American foodstuffs.
The cost of the foodstuffs which en-
ter this very nourishing meal is ap-
proximately cents. The Polish COM
mittee raises all of it's expenses for
kitchens and administration by spe-
cial means within the country. SO
that the American donors gift goes to
the children untouched in the form
of foodstuffs and clothing
THE children's relief work, which
has been in operation here for over
six months, extends to the foremost
cities and villages of Poland, from
Kalisz to Pinsk. and from Minsk to
Lwow. The countrywide administra-
tion Is carried out through two hun
dred regional committees. under each
of which work number of town and
village committees.
The story of the American raising
of these funds for the children of
Poland is an interesting one. One
hundred thousand appeals of differ
ent kinds-there were eleven in all
sent into every state. into nearly
every county, Of the Union, brought
the money from many hundreds of
pocketbooks. The sums that came in
the hands Of the American relief ad-
ministration, European children's
fund. through which they were trans
mitted into Poland, ranged from q
thousand dollars to few cents.
Each child aided received flour.
condensed milk. rice. peas. fats. sugar
and cocoa, making one substantial
meal daily at a cost of cents. or
$3.50 per month. for each child.
Clothing. an equally grave problem.
was solved in this way: At a cost of
IS a child each received one pair OF
shoes, two pairs of stockings, one
and three-fourths yards of muslin
for undergarments and one and three
fourths yards of heavy material for
ENTERTAINMENTS. In each town 1t was
found possible to organize sewing
circles of women to make up the
garments.
This work Of relief must be con-
are necessary. The
urgently asks every Amer
lean to send his or her contributions
to James A. Blair. jr.. treasurer,
West 45th street. New York city.
Only one in five underfed children,
it is calculated, has been thus far
reached. the total number of little
Polish s.Terers being six and half
million.
Evening star., 1920-05-30
BUSINESS PRESENTS PLEA
TO POLITICAL PARTIES
Continued from First Page.)

supervision Of tho distribution Of i'm
migrants also IL suggested.
An adequate privately owned and
operated American merchant marine.
built in American yards. OF Ameri-
can material, by American labor;
manned, of1cered and owned by
Americans. and sailing without handi-
cap under the national flag." repre-
sents the view Of the association on
a merchant marine. Tariff legislation
framed in recognition of the new po-
sition Of America as a creditor ma.
ton is urged. along with q liberal
attitude toward our late allies with
respect to their indebtedness to US.
Provisions for Ex-Service Men.
Broad educational opportunities for
ex-service men. and liberal provi-
sions for them to acquire homes on
government land is recommended in
the last plank of the platform. but
the general distribution of a cash
bonus held not justifiable on the
ground that 1t would be a harm to
many individuals and would over.
strain the nations economic struc.
tuIo.
Evening star., 1920-05-30
.$15. 900. 600. 600

Proposed Disposal OF Money.
Now the first purpose to which this
money Is to be put by the European
nations is obviously to the discharge
Of their foreign debts. In a word. the
primary necessity Of France. Belgium
and Italy. and only in a less degree
by Great Britain, is to restore the
condition Of exchange by reducing the
external debt. Moreover. since the
largest single creditor Is the United
States, it was but natural that at
Hythe the main discussion was over
the possibility of the transfer Of these
German bonds to the United States.
Granted that the United States would
consent to such a transaction. this Is
about what would take place: France
owes Great Britain and the United
States together. IS. .290. .000. 900: she is in
turn owed $625,000.000 by Belgium and
Italy. The net external debt Of France
is. therefore, $4,665, 100000. Thus, when
France had turned over this amount in
German bonds. she would have left 3d.
585, 100000. which would represent the
sum available for her reconstruction Of
the devastated areas
British Situation Different.
The British situation is somewhat diff
ferent France and Belgium owe the
British 5000. .000.0 900. which they would
repay by German bonds. while of the
total Italy owes Great Britain she
Evening star., 1920-05-30

pers Ferry in command of a battalion
of marines. to assist In suppressfng
the John Brown raid.
Two years later, on April %, 1861,
Lee, with his wife and family left Ar
lfnRton and went to Richmond. where.
in-chief Of the Virginia forces OF the
Confederate Army. The Lees never
returned to Arlington, nor was any
attempt made to claim the estate,
while Gen. and Mrs. Lee lived.
A few days after the Lees left Ar,
lington Union troops were located 2
there. They established two forts and
a hospital on the grounds.
On January II. 1864. the estate was
sold for taxes. The United States gov.
ernment being the highest bidder @ at
the public auction, bought it for $2S'-
600. In 1877, twelve years after the
close Of the war, George washington
lee brought suit against the gov
ernment FOR the value of the estate.
After many years of litigation he was
awarded the sum of $150.o00, maklns
a total of $176.00o that the govern
ment paid for the estate
In the spring of 1854 1t became
necessary to locate another cemetery
to receive the great number OF SOL.
diers dying from WOUNDS anu oieeaSe
in tho vicinity or WaenlnS Con
Nav Is. 1854. President Lincoln ano
Cen. M. C. Meigs. who was then guar
termaater general Of the United states
Army. visited several hospitals. Late
in the afternoon they reached Arlns
tom. where they found twelve oooIse
waiting to be buried. The only mill
tary cemetery in the District OF Co
iumbia was at the Soldiers Home.
a nd that space being filled. all perm
far hurial there were refused. Gen
Neirs gave an order to inter all OF the
hodies at once on the grounds. he
desirnated a spot. near the mansion
on a terrace, bordering the gardens
where they should be buried. That
eveninR at sunset the twelve comns
were lowered into twelve graves ana
Arlington was established as ma.
tionai cemetery, though 1t was not
oficially declared 80 until 1855. when
200 acres were set aside for that pur-
In the records 1t is stated that the
nrst body to be buried was that OF
soldier who died in Ar
lineton Hospital. l.. Reinhardt. OF the
23d North Carolina. On inquiry 1t
was found that Reinhardt's body was
later removed by relatives. The next
body was that of a New York SOL
dier. There are now about twenty
thousand soldiers buried in Arling-
k0Q0
Evening star., 1920-05-30
BY FRANK II. sIMoNDs.

TIME recent Anglo French con-
ference at Hythe has served
to recall the er-disturbing
fact that the. main circum-
stances in the world settlement. that
of making Germany pay for the de-
struction she has wrought in her
neighbor's lands. remains about where
it was when the armistice ended the
fighting in November, 1918. The mere
fact that the chief purpose Of the con-
ference was to fix upon a sum which
should represent Germany's obligation
is the best evidence of the absence
of any arrangement up to the present
moment.
Now at Hythe figure was agreed
upon to represent the German indebt-
edness. but it was agreed upon ten
tatively. subject to further discussion
and subject to amendment. after
Germany had been heard at later
which, so it now seems. will be post
poned until after the German cleo
tions. Moreover, If these elections re-
suit In a victory for the reactfonary
elements in Germany there may be
Nd conference.
Expressed in Annual Payments.
The sum agreed upon at Hythe was
expressed in annual payments-that
is, 1t was decided that Germany
should pay annually for twenty-eight
and a quarter years sum equal to
$1,000. 100000 in gold. These figures
are a bit puzsling to the laymen. but
they represent an annual payment
which would be equal to the cost of a
bond issue of $4,000. .0o0. 900. In other
words, a bond issue of .00O.o00.000
could be liquidated, principal and in
terest reckoned at per cent. in TWEEN
ty-eight years and a half by annual
payments of $1,000. 100000.
In other words, the total Of German
reparations was fixed at a sum of
81 S. 900, 900 900. but. recognising that
Germany could not meet this obhga-
tion Immediately by payment In cash.
securities or materials. 1T was further
decided that Germany should be COM
PEELED to meet this debt by annual
payments. Thus Germany can issue
to her allied creditors bonds for $15,-
0oo. 100000 and discharge this obliga-
annual payment of $1,000, 100000. This
is the first step.
Second Step in Proceedings.
The second step is the division Of
this total reparation or indemnity be-
tween the respective creditors-that
is, between France, Great Britain.
Belgium and Italy. Serbia, Poland
and other states have claims. but it
may be doubted il any OF these claims
will be permitted to lie. and the cal
culations here submitted are made
upon that basis. OF the total France
is to have 55 per cent Great Britain,
rs per cent. The remaining 20 per
cent will be divided between Belgium
and Italy. Actually the division would
come to about what is shown in the
following table:
Evening star., 1920-05-30
WHEN THE ARLINGTON ESTATE
WAS FAMOUS PLEASURE GROUND
George Washington Parke Custis as Host
The Celebrated Spring = Interesting
Incidents in the Estate History.

suffering. on account OF scarcity OF
fuel. was very great among the poor
of Washington. "The master of Ar
lington gave to all the freedom of
his forest, to cut what wood they
needed for fuel during the winter. No
charge was asked. The Potomac was
frozen solid and the wood was taken
across the river on the ice"
One incident which Osbourn relates
concerning Mr.. Custis' charitable
methods gives one a vivifying under
standing of the man: Among the
(adopted) father. George Washington.
which Mr.. Custis brought to Arling-
ton from Mount Vernon the most
treasured was the sleeping tent OF
Washington, which is now In the Ma
tional Museum. 1t had been used
throughout the revolutionary war and
Cornwallis had been received within
pleasant days Mr.. Custis had 1t pitched
upon the lawn near the mansion and
the visitors, by paying a liberal fee.
were allowed to sit under 1t. all such
revenue being turned over to charity.
1t is said that three churches were
built from the proceeds thus obtained;
When a particularly distinguished
guest or intimate friend of the fam
ily was to be entertained the tent was
always spread on the lawn. Lafay-
cite. with his son, George washington
IIafayette. on his second visit to
washington in 1925, spent several
days at Arlington. and the George
Washington tent was at his service
every day during his visit.
It wassat Arlington that tho custom
of giving premiums for excellence in
AGRICULTURAL products and fine stock
was inauRurated Mr.. Custis was es-
necially Interested in fine sheep, and
he instituted a sort Of convention on
the estate to be attended by all of
those interested in sheep husbandry
It took place annually. on April 30. Mr..
Custis' birthday.
Arlington estate has had but few
owners 1t originally formed part Of
a grant of 5000 acres Of land made
October 21, 1869. to Robert Howson by
Sir William Berkeley. governor Of
Virginia at that time, aB a reward for
Howson's services in bringing a num-
ber Of settlers into the colony. Rob-
ert Howson named the estate Arling-
ton, after the Earl Of Arlington. who,
with Ctilpeper; had been given a pat
ent to the colony Of Virginia. How
son, however. seemed to hold the gift
of little value, rs in the same year he
conveyed the entir tract to John Alex
ander. for whom Alexandria, first
called "Beall Haven" was afterward
named. for sixty-four hogsheads Of
tobacco.
on Dscsmbss Is. 177s. John Park
Evening star., 1920-05-30
OR more than half a century
~ Arlington has been SO closely
associated with belligerent

" OR more than half a century
IL Arlington has been SO closely
associated with belligerent
4 days that it is difficult for the
present generation to separate 1t from
war. It is a far step from a cemetery
to a pleasure ground. yet such Is the
story Of the beautiful estate which
once belonged to a man who possessed
hospitality as far-reaching as the acres
he owned.
George Washington Parke Custis
grandson Of Martha Washington and
adopted son Of George Washington,
not only welcomed visitors to his
spacious grounds. but had several
buildings constructed for their pleas
ure and comfort dining hall sixty
feet long, q dance hall OF the same
dim mensions, a storeroom and kitch-
the g. W. p. Custis. landed. It carried
visitors to Arlington from Alexandra
and Washington.
Every day throughout the summer
months large parties OF from one to
two hundred persons visited the
grounds and spring. which was IA
nous all through the surrounding
neighborhood for its purity and cool
ness Some persons went 80 far as
to say that the water possessed
medical properties. Osbourn states In
his History OF Arlington" that dur
ing the summer Of 1852 at least 10000
persons visited the spring. 1t supplies
water as abundantly today as 1t did a
century ago. Some Of the ground ad-
Joining tho spring has been set aside
by the government as an experimental
farm and the spring has been walled
in and piped. A pumphouse close by
distributes the water over the the en-
tire farm, both for drinking and irri-
CATION purposes.
Sunday schools and other organiza-
tfons were always welcome to hold
their annual picnirs at the Arlington
spring, Often on such occasions Mr..
Gusts entertained the guests by play
ing the violin. At all times hired mu-
sicians played for the dancers. Every
thing was free to the public, the only
requirement being that no one should
visit the grounds on Sunday and that
no alcoholic liquors should be sold on
the premises.
Mackall. in his EARLY Days Of
Washington" and Osbourn. in his
History of Arlington" both write at
great length on the benevolence and
generosity of Mr.. Custis. Mackan re-
lates that during the winter follow
ing the invasion of the British the
weather was unusually severe and the
Evening star., 1920-05-30
Special Care Of Soldier Dead.

special O0fe OF SOAVAcH Ocous
BY special direction of the secre-
tary Of War, all Army dead returned
from Europe for burial in the Arling-
ton national cemetery will have rev
erential care in their transportation
and fnterment and at all times Will
be accompanied by a commissioned Of
ficer and an armed guard. The quar-
termaster general is charged with
the supervision Of all details and the
furnishing Of all personnel and trans
portation for the transfer of the
bodies from the cars to the vaults
or other temporary resting place at
Arlington and from the vaults to the
graves. The transfers will be made
under the Immediate supervision of
a commissioned officer of his corps
throuRhout "in order to insure the
handling and transfer OF the re-
mains in an orderly and respectful
manner" The commanding ofhcer at
Fort Myer Is charged with the super
vision Of the ceremonies at the grave
and with the furnishing of all per-
sonnel and details required therefor.
A commissioned oficer from Fort Myer
will be in immediate charge on every
occasion to see that all the remains
ARE inferred in q proper and be-
fitting manner" In addition. the
commanding officer at Fort Myer viii
send an armed guard. consisting OF
one ofiicer and eight enlisted men, to
be present during the transfer OF
caskets from the train to the trucks
and such further guard as may be
necessary at the cemetery while the
remains rest temporarily in vaults.
Evening star., 1920-05-30

Custis. son of Martha Washington by
her first husband, bought from Cen.
Alexander 1.100 acres Of the tract for
LOO pounds, Virginia currency. John
Park Custts retained the name Of Ar
fngton for his estate. At his death it
became the property Of his son, George
Washington Park Custis, whom George
washington had adopted as his own son.
After the death Of Martha Washing
ton, George Washington Park Custis
went TO arlington to live. occupying
a small house, which had been built
a great many years before. It must
have been very well constructed, for
there are people still living around
arlington who remember when 1t was
torn down to make place for the ex-
about one mile east of the present
mansion. almost on the river shore
A few yards away is the old tunnel
as solid and substantial as when it
was constructed by George Washing
ton over a hundred years ago. to pro-
ran parallel with the river. The canal
is filled In and a railroad track built
over its course. A short distance, to-
ward the north, on a wooded knoll, is
the old burying ground of the slaves
Of the Custis family. A causeway, built
by Mr.. Custis-still in a fair state of
preservation-leads toward the river
and at one time terminated at the
wharf.
The present manor house was begun
by George Washington Park Custis in
1902. and was ready for occupancy in
1903. but was not entirely completed
until after the war of 1912. The brick
Of the buildings was made on the
premises. being burned under the per-
sonal supervision of Mr. .Custfs. No
changes have been made in the man.
sion since its completion, over CEN
tury ago. It's magnificent Greek por-
tico is modelled after the front OF the
Pantheon at Athens. Within the man.
sion's spacious walls nearly all Of
the notable people who came to
tanned. AS the National Metropolis, it
is one Of the famous places Of the
world, attracting visitors from every
corner Of the earth.
George Washington Custis' daugh-
ter, Mary Ann Randolph Custis. was
the next heir to Arlington. She was
born at Arlington House in 1906. On
June 80, 1881, she married Robert e.
Lee. a cadet of West Point. The we'd
ding took place in the large drawing
room, the room where visitors now
sign their names in the register. Os-
borne, in his history, relates an in
cident in connection with the we'd
ding.
"The Rev. William Mead. afterward
Bishop Of Virginia, was the officiating
minister On his way to Arlington
he was detained by a severe rainstorm
and the wedding party was kept
waiting. But eventually the minister
arrived, drenched through and
through. He borrowed a dry suit of
clothes from Mrs. Custis to replace
his wet ones and the dignity of the
occasion was very much disturbed.
when he walked into the drawing
room to perform the ceremony, he
being a tall spare man. while Mr..
Custis' clothes had been made to At
a short stout figure"
It was in this same room. in 1859,
while r. e. Lee. who was then lieu
tenant colonel in the United States
Army, was at Arlington on leave that
he reoetxsd ordars to proceed to Har-l
Evening star., 1920-05-30

" ROM Poland. written by the
~ minister of public health, has
come a letter to the American
people thanking them for
their help in saving the childen of
the Polish republic from starvation
the past year. The lives of a million
and a quarter of children. as we'll as
mothers. have been pre-
Evening star., 1920-05-30

OF his regular monthly pay.
Testing Army Armored Triplane.
During the past week the new ar
mored triplane designed and built by
the engineering division of the Army
air service was tested at McCook
Field. Dayton. Ohio. Ohicers say that
the tests were entirely successful and
that the performance Of tho machine
was greatly admired. The armored
craft is the LIE Pere triplane. equipped
with two Liberty engines. Both en-
gines and fuselage are completely
armored. It carries eight machine
guns and 37-millimeter cannon, and fs
reported to perform and handle very
well In the air. The machine is we'll
equipped and protected for battle in
for ground 'straffing" troops close to
the earth.
Use Of Military Titles Prohibited.
1t has been brought to the atten-
ton of the Secretary Of War that
several officers of the Army have
authorized or permitted the use Of
their ofiicial titles in advertising or
promoting private commercial enter
nrises. They have been notified by
Secretary Baker that such practice
Will not be permitted in the future
Though record for long and honor
able service in the Army" says he.
carries with It a security for fair
dealing 1t does not necessarily aug
ment the possessor's Judgment as to
the value or reliability of commercial
propositions. Military titles are con-
ferred upon individuals for military
purposes and their use as a CONNER
cial asset may subject both the in
dividual officer concerned and the
service Itself to unfavorable criti-
| cfsm. which. even II unmerited. 4.
unnecessary and inadvisable. Such
use or military titles lis disapproved
OF by the War Department"
All service Men Informed OF Game,
Detalis of the base ball game be-
tween the Army and Navy teams at
Annapolis yesterday were flashed to
all parts OF the world by the Navv's
communication service. radio tele-
phone was installed on the field and
running story of the game trans
mltted directly to the Navy Depart
meht mere; The story was placed on
the score board and read by q crowd
OF Army and Navy officers and their
| families AT the same time II was
transmitted by radio to sailors afIoat
In Mexican waters. with the Asiatic
meet. maSines at posts in foreign
,, countries. the army of occupation In
Germany and to all Army and Nayv
stations That was done through
| leased wires in this country and by
wireless messages to distant noint.
outside. Use was made of the high
power stations at Sayville. N. Y: An
napolis. Great Lakes. ILL.,; Charleston.
, Key West. Guantanamo. San Diego.
Calf: Cayey. p. r.. and at other
points.
Evening star., 1920-05-30
Bodies Of Welfare Workers to Re Re-
turned.

Inquiry having been made as to the
attitude of the War Department con-
cerning the return from Europe Of
bodies of members of affiliated welfare
organizations. Secretary Baker has in
formed Red Cross officials that the
Graves Registration Service will return
to the United States. under the same
conditions as In the case of soldier dead,
the bodies Of persons who were AFFILIATED
with the welfare organizations who died
while in servicA with units Of ths AmeSi-