davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1920-02-27
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

In days of yore, when men had felt
military shock
They carved peace proclamations with
a chisel on a rock.
Said they, "Our understanding must
for aye be read Alright"
But in a year or so they always had
another fight.
They then procured some clay and
wrote agreements more prolix.
They piled them up with care when
they had baked them into bricks.
But just the same they met again, by
fierce ambition ared,
And used the bricks for missiles, if
emergency required.
they wrote upon papyrus. and on
sheepskin with much care
In mere detail, their peaeeable inten
tions to declare.
But in the same old way they met and
played the same old game.
And brought the formal documents as
fuel to the fame.
And then the paper mills began to
make with rags and wood
Vast pages where men might express
just what they understood.
And paper let US hope will bring the
peace that was unknown
When agreements were recorded on
papyfus, brick or stone.
Jud Tunkins has noticed that as the
contents of package grows smaller,
the Dragging on the label gets bigger.
The Old Days.
"You have served your country long
and faithfully"
al have tried to do so," replied Sen
ator Sorghum. "You see, l got started
in politics long ago when public office
could satisfy the highest ambition in
stead of being a recommendation for
more lucrative employment in private
life"
An Old-Time Election.
We have a lot of problems, very
lengthy and involved.
Great men are working night and day
in hope to get them solved.
We have a lot Of questions that we'd
like to clear away
And let the good old tariff be the is
sue of the day.
An Impression.
"What's your idea of eternal retribu-
tions"
"a profteer worrying over his in
come tax"
Not Sure.
"Your boy Josh puts in great deal
of time reading books on agriculture"
."Yes," replied Farmer Corntossel.
aB1t can't be sure If it's 4 Sign he's
goin' to be farmer OF literary man"
Evening star., 1920-02-27

Jud Tunkins has noticed that as the
contents of a package grows smaller,
the Dragging on the label gets bigger
Evening star., 1920-02-27
Shoe Bargains for
the Family

\. Ladies' "Delta" High Shoes-Blaek,
Brown. Gray, Field Mouse, Patent and
al: and i E:ss s.; models: Values Values $7.95
Mems Delta" High Shoes-Btucher
and Straight lace models; in many of the
leading shapes Of this 6s7 nE
popular s15 shoe. Values up 9/.%
- Misses Button and Lace Shoes-Brown
:, and Tan Russia Calf; Black Velour and
Gun Metal, Patent Leather. Broad-toe
and English lasts. Sizes Do nH
~ to 2. B to E widths. 0O.SO
Values up to $6.
Little Boys shoes--Bfoad, Nature last;
Oak leather soles. Good 30 AZ
year ,s;% sswed; 3D., Broken sizes, sQO.AO
Evening star., 1920-02-27

"Your boy Josh puts in great deal
of time reading books on agriculture"
."Yes," replied Farmer Corntossel.
aB1t l can't be sure If its 4 sign he's
goin' to be farmer or literary man"
Evening star., 1920-02-27
An Old.Time Election.

"What's your idea of eternal retribu-
tions"
"a profiteer worrying over his in
come tax
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-29

now fallen far below other coun-
tries with half her population. She
had moro than 100000 tons Of
shipping in 1914 and now has only
.419,000 registered tons. all the rest
having been captured. requisiton-
ed, sunk or allocated to the allies
in accordance with the peace
treaty. Germany now has not and
cannot for some time get the ma
terials with which to build ships
on a large scale. Notwithstand-
ing these circumstances. she has
made satisfactory agreement
with the United States and Great
Britain, by which her immense
docks at Hamburg and Bremen
may be put to use that will, In
measure, restore Germany to a
largo place in the shipping world
There are now in the world 5,0S2
sailing vessels of 100000 tons
and 26,513 steamers of 53,905,O00
tons, making a total of 1855 ves-
sells of 57.314,000 tons plying the
seven seas. Apart from Germany
and Austria, Great Britain and
Greece are the only countries
which show a considerable reduc-
ton in the steam tonnage now
owned as compared with 1914.
Denmark and Sweden show small
losses and Norway a small gain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-29
u. S. Now Is Falling Behind Great Britain
AS Leading Builder of Merchant Ships

The sea-going tonnage of the
United States has increased by
nearly 100000 tons, an advance
Of more than 500 per cent over
it's pre-war tonnage. Increases in
tonnage have also been made in
other countries. as follows: Japan.
1,2SS,000 tons; France. 1,041,0o0
tons, and Italy, 63S,00O tons. The
figures for France and Italy. as
in the case of Great Britain, in
clude a considerable amount of
ex-enemy tonnage Professionally
allocated to those countries.
Place of ownership of the steam
tonnage of the world has ma
terially changed since the out
break of the war. In 1914 Great
Britain owned AIS per cent of the
steam tonnage of the world. Now
she owns but 1876 per cent. Nor
way, which occupied fourth place,
is now seventh. while Japan,
which was sixth, is now third,
next to the United States.
The lead of the United States
in world sailing tonnage is in
some respects a detriment. The
Shipping Board owns about 800
vessels Of wood, built during the
war. Now the board appears to
be unable to find purchasers for
these vessels and they lie at
various points along the Atlantic
and Pacific coasts, constituting a
distinct liability to the United
States. 1t has been estimated
that upkeep Of these vessels av-
erages more than $4,000 per day.
There has been a reduction in
the world sailing tonnage since
1914 of $4,000 tons. OF the sail
ing tonnage the United States
owns 43 per cent. The proportion
of sailing vessels in the worlds
tonnage is now under per cent.
as compared with per cent in
1914 and % per cent in 1902.
+ X X X
More than 100000 tons of
shipping has become owned in the
United States in the past year.
At the close of June, 1919, there
was 100000 tons of shipping
owned in the United States.
while now there is 16,049,000 tons
owned in this country. OF this
tonnage 13,113.000 tons are steel
vessels and $4,000 are iron YES
sells, while 1,234.000 tons are in
wooden steamers, the total tom
mage of steamers registered in the
United States being 14.574.oo0
tons. Nearly 100000 tons of
sailing vessels are owned in this
country, exclusive Of pleasure
yachts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-29
PLAN TO RECLAIM
4 MILLION ACRES
FOR FARM LANDS

Plans for putting 100000 acres
of land on the agricultural map of
the United States by a program of
reclamation calling for the expendi-
ture of about s250.0o0,00o over a ten
year period are going to re consid-
cred seriously by Congress when it
reassembles. Members of the House
appropriations committee and a group
of western colleagues, who have been
making an inspection tour of the
governments reclamation projects
and of the national parks in COM
pany with officials Of the Department
of the Interior after travelling 10000
miles by train and 1000 by auto,
viewing the irrigation achievements
since 1902, have come back earnest
converts to big reclamation pro-
gram.
While the reclamation service is
restricted in its estimates to S.
100000 or 100000, equivalent to
the amount received by sale of pub
lie lands, sale Of water and returns
on irrigation developme nts, Secretary
Payne has already declared his in
tention Of asking Congress for $12,-
600, 900 to open up 10000 acres of
reclaimed land in small farms. with
special consideration of the Shoshone
project. In the meantime his experts
in the reclamation service are pre-
pairing to give Congress detailed and
reliable information on which to base
estimates for big general program
of reclamation.
Leaders in Congress are eager to
support such a constructive program.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-29
N4I7ON;SGJZARD,
AGAIN BOOMING,
HAS IO7 UNITS

Rehabilitation of the troops that
participated in the war against Ger
many left the National Guard organi-
cations in very shattered condition,
and after a year and half of work
this arm of the military is now get
ting back to normal condition. with
a greatly added value, due to the
lessons American troops learned on
battlefields in France.
Last month there were LOT organi-
cations enrolled in the National
Guard of the several states. and the
figures for the present month bid fair
to eclipse that record, but, even so,
the total will be far below that which
is authorized under the law. Ma
tional Guard camps and schools are
in operation this year for the first
time since the war, and every arm
of the service is represented. in
GLIDING several which were never
thought Of until the great war.
There were enrolled last month
sixty-five companies of infantry.
eighteen troops of cavalry. nine bat
teries of field artillery, six companies
of coast artillery. two companies of
engineers. two Tank Corps COM
panies, two train companies, two
sanitary detachments and one signal
company. On August 1 the total
strength of the National Guard was
but 57,114, compared with an au-
thorized strength of 17s.o00, but the
officers of both the guard and the
regular establishment are much
pleased with enlistments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-29

gross tons Of ships more than the
United States, British holdings OF
steamers are still $4,000 tons be-
low the total at the outbreak of
the war.
The world total for all types Of
vessels, according to Lloyds, is
now 57.314,000 gross tons, an in
crease of S,225.O00 tons over tho
pre-war figure. Most of. this in
crkase has been the result OF
American efforts, as is indicated
by figures showing that Great
Britain's lead in tonnage, which
before the war was about 14,000.-
900 tons. now is about 100000
tons over the United States.
British shipbuilding, however, is
progressively increasing, and be-
fore two years are out, shipping
men say, Great Britain will be
building 100000 gross tons
a year. Great Britain at present
leads in steel steamers with
margin of 4,6S6,O00 tons. Ameri-
can holdings of wooden steamers
are larger than the British. This
country also leads in sailing ton
mage by a wide margin.
X X X X
The plight of Germany is sad
one in the shipping world. For
merely second only to Great Britain
in sea-going tonnage Germany has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-29
ASTR ONOMICAL COLLISION
RESPONSIBLE FOR NEW STAR

lance from star to star must be about
nine millions of millions of miles.
Thus it seems the universe of space
instead of Abeing crowded is almost
inconceivably empty, with plenty of
room for two stars to pass each other,
thus avoiding any possibility of col
lision. Yet astronomers say there Is
a possibility of such phenomena
The late Prof. Dung. writing in the
North American Review GSS3) on the
subject of Astronomical Collision"
said: '1t is obvious. therefore,,that en-
counters between heavenly bodies of
considerable magnitude must be ex-
tremely rare. There is not in all as
Economical record a single certain in
stance of such an occurrence. And
yet it may confidently be asserted
that some time or other in the past
such events must have happened and
some time in the future will happen
again"
1t has been computed that comet
would strike the earth on the average
about once in fifteen million years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-29
NOTWITHSTANDING the i'm
mense progress made in
the development Of Amer

~ I OIW IIdSlANDllNI the lii
mi mense progress made in
the development of Amer
lean shipping since 1916.
amounting to more than 500 per
cent in actual tonnage over the
pre-war figures, the United States
is steadily falling behind Great
Britain as q builder of ships, ac-
cording to shipping men in New
York and Washington.
While this country has made
great strides in upbuilding its
merchant tonnage since 1916 and
allied countries were losing ton
mage at the rate of more than
100000 tons day throughout the
war by submarine activities, the
shipbuild.ng program of the United
States government is now nearly
at an end. while that of Great Brit
ain is just getting on 'fts feet"
* X
The United States has made a
remarkable gain in the three-year
period since 1917, however, jump
ing from a comparatively incon-
sequential place in the registry of
the worlds shipping to second
place, next to England, which
leads in world tonnage with hold
ings of 1S,330,000 tons. The United
States now holds 16,049,000 gross
tons of ocean-going vessels, of
which 6,23S.948 gross tons or about
9,35S,421 lightweight tons is the
property of the United States Ship
ping Board Emergency Fleet Cor
poration. The fleet was composed
of 1904 ships on June 80. 1920, of
which number 2,116 were owned by
the board, the rest being either
allocated by the Shipping Board to
private operators on deferred
payment basis or actually the prop
erty of private concerns.
The merchant marine building
program Of the United States IS
now virtually completed. with
every effort being made to speed
up ship production SO that the
bulk of the 2,315 ships contracted
for by the Shipping Board will have
been completed before winter sets in.
X X X X
notwithstanding the intensive
efforts put forth by every ship
builder in every allied country to
meet losses by submarine war
fare, world steam tonnage now Is
three and a half million gross tons
less than it would have been if the
war had not interfered with the
normal rate of expansion. accord
ing to the Washington office of
Lloyds of London. Although Great
Britain is now building 100000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-29

Continued on Third Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-29

The new star in the constellation
Cygnus and the nature of it's birth,
from the collision of large comet
and dim sun, as announced by Prof.
F.. ]. Lee of the Naval Observatory
at Mare Island. and Prof. Charles c..
Conway of Los Angeles. recalls the
question of astronomical collisions.
which has been a subject of intense
interest among the astronomers of all
the ages.
1t is conceded that of countless hosts
Of worlds, not one is at rest, but all
are rushing through space with We
locities far exceeding anything in
the range of terrestrial experience.
Between any star or planet and its
nearest neighbor lie usually desolate
distances of millions, or even mil
lions of millions. of miles. The re-
gion commanded by our largest tele-
scopes is SO vast that light takes a
thousand years in coming to us from
it's outer confines-and as the num-
Der of it's stars Is a thousand millions:
then it is found that average dis
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-29
RevivulofDemand tforEection OF
President and Vice President
BY Direct Vote.

election would then be thrown into
the House of Representatives for
decision, where each state, no
matter what it's size. has one vote.
Only twice in history has the
election been thrown into the
House, the first time in 1900,
when Thomas Jefferson was elect
ed over Aaron Burr. and the sec
ond time in 1924, when Andrew
Jackson had SO electoral votes
against 1872 of his three competi-
tors. John Quincy Adams, w. H.
Crawford and Henry Clay. Adams
was elected by the House.
4 = * \
The argument that is most fire.
quently urged against the indirect
method-the electoral college-is
that a President of the United
States may be chosen who has not
received the majority or even the
plurality of the popular vote cast
for President. In fact, a number
Of Presidents have been elected
by minority of the popular vote,
although they have received a ma
jority of the electoral votes of the
states. This happened in 1876 when
Hayes received 4,033,70s popular
votes against 4.2S5.9s2 for his op-
ponent, Tilden: it happened in
1860 when Lincoln received con-
siderably less than a majority of
the popular vote-he had three
democratic rivals in the field
but received 1870 electoral votes
against 1928 for his opponents.
Cleveland polled a larger popular
vote in 1888 than did Harrison, but
the latter had a majority of the
electoral votes and so got the Of
flee. When President Wilson was
elected in 1912, his popular vote
was less than the combined votes
cast for Roosevelt and Taft.
X + X X
The election under the present
system amounts to an election by
the states. The entire slate of
electors generally is chosen for
this or that ticket. although occa-
sionally the electors vote of a
state is divided. This means that
so far as any effect on the result
is concerned. the thousands, per-
hans hundreds of thousands of
votes cast for the defeated list
of electors and the ticket they rep
resent might just as well not have
been cast at all. The contest in
presidential election, really CEN
tiers in the doubtful states, where
the great parties are pretty evenly
divided, and is not active in a state
where there is a distinct majority
for either party. In the latter
states it really makes little diff
ference whether the majority be
large or small.
The demand that the popular
vote for President shall prevail is
growing stronger. it is said. Rep
resentative Schall, the blind rep
resentative from Minnesota, has in
mind the introduction Of a resolu-
ton providing for constitutional
amendment for national direct
primary for the nomination Of can
didates for President and Vice
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-29

N/ other presidential cleo
" " tion there is revival OF
the talk of amending
the Constitution so as to do away
with the electoral college and pro-
vide for the election of President
and Vice President by direct vote
of the people. 1t is, of course. too
late to make any change in the
present method of electing the
chief executive. which would be
effective in the coming election.
But the very fact of the election
being at hand directs attention to
the electoral college. which is very
widely regarded as back num-
ber."
1t is not unlikely that progress
sive members of Congress will
seek to initiate such movement
at the next session of Congress-.
according to politicians here. An
amendment of the Constitution
1OF Tie III GU SASSIASA VI
the President and Vice President.
it is urged, would be a companion
piece for the amendment provid-
ing for the direct election of sena-
tors and for the woman suffrage
amendment.
When people vote in November
Except in the case of Maine,
where the elections are held
September IS this year, they will
vote not for Harding and Coolidge
or for Cox and Roosevelt. or any
of the other tickets in the field,
but for different presidential cleo
tors put forward by the various
parties in each of the states.
Under the theory of the trainers
of the Constitution these presiden-
tial electors later assemble and
cast their ballots for President and
Vice President, and these ballots
still later are counted by the
president of the Senate in the
presence of both houses of Con-
gress. AS a matter of fact-and
this has been true ever since
17s6-the electors placed upon the
tickets in the various states have
been pledged to this or that can
didate, and they have kept those
pledges. The result has been that
the electors are entirely lost sight
Of in the campaigns and in the
elections, and only the candidates
are widely known. The names of
the candidates are carried at the
top Of the tickets, and the voters
know about them, presumably,
but nothing whatever about the
electors they actually vote for.
= - -
Each state, under the Constitu-
ton, has a number Of votes in the
electoral college equal to the num-
Der Of it's representatives in the
House, plus it's two senators. There
are, therefore. total of SCI cleo
toral votes and members Of the
electoral college. 1t requires a
majority, or 266. to elect. If the
total electoral vote should be di-
vided among three or more can
didates for President, SO that no
one of them had majority. the
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
ESTATE OF FRED A. ROBINSON

State Of Vermont. District Of Washington. IS.
The honorable probate court for the dis
trict aforesaid, 20 the heirs and al persons
interested in the estate Of Fred \ Rob
inson. late Of Mnrshdeld. in said d st1ct
deceased, GREETING
WHEREAS. application hath been made TO
this court in writing. BY the administrator
praying for license and authority 70 sell ell
Of real estate Of said deceased. ~ wit: Sit
trict. including the homestead right and the
interest Of the widow therein. repT,.st nting
10 said court that IL would he beneficial 20
the heirs and all persons interestd N the
estate 81 said decreased, 10 sell said real
estate and convert the same into money.
And bringing into court the consent ana
appreciation in writing, Of All the heirs 70
said estste residing in this state. and setting
forth the situation OF the real state.
WHEREuPON. the said court appointed
and assigned the 2sth day Of May, 1920.
At the probate office in Montpelier in said
district. 20 hear and decide upon said npplt-
cation and petition. and ordered public no
tice thereof 20 be given 20 all persons inter
ested therein. by Publishing said order, To-
Fcther with the time and place 81 hear1nE.
three weeks successfully in the Barre Daily
Times. a Newspaper which circulatcs IN the
neighhorhcod q those persons interested n
said estate. all q which publications shan
b. previous 10 he day assigned for hearing.
THEREFORE,. you are hereby notified 70
appear before said court. a. the time nnd
20 make your objections to The granting o.
such lioeure. IL you see cause.
Given undcr ny hand 81 Montpelier. N
said district this l0th dag % Msg, 1879
FRANK J. MARTIN. Iudre.
NaylI.Is-2s