davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
AuthoT Of Foster on Auction, Aaet%en
Made Eosy. Fosters Conn
plete Hoyte. etc
By r. F. Foster

MADE E0dy. FostoTe Cons~
plsts HoyLe. etc
II N LEADING against no-trump-
81 ers, neither the leader nor his
u. purtner having made bid Of
any kind, it is usual to modify
the opening from high-card comblna-
tions which were given In the last
article for two reasons.
In the first place, there is no dan
ger Of the high cards being trumped
unless they are led out at the first
opportunity, which Is always the
risk when playing against trump
contracts. In the second place, 1t
is highly important, when playing
against no-trumpers, to make the
small cards. Of your long suits, which
IS almost an impossibility against a
trump call.
To accomplish this 1t is essential,
wherever possible, to leave each
partner with one or more of the
suit. 50 that no matter which gets
into the lead the suit may be CON
tinued. If the leader, who is long
In the suit, starts out with his high
cards, even If he wins the first two
rounds, he may exhaust his partner s
power to return the suit later and
everything will then depend on his
getting in himself.
We therefore get the general rule
that high cards are not led against
notrumrers when there are only
two touching honors at the head Of
the suit, unless there are seven or
more cards in it. Against a trump
we make our high cards for fear Of
losing the first trick to small card
and then getting our high ones
trumped.
With three honors at the top Of
the suit q high card Is the correct
lead against no-trumper, but
with only two such cards, even if
they are ace and king, the rule Is to
begin with small card, either the
fourth best or the smallest Of the
suit.
The difference this distinction
may make In the result Is often very
marked, and untaught players who
lead the same way against trumps
or no trumps frequently lose tricks
by it, although they may be uncon.
scious of the cause. or even Of the
loss. The opening often has the fur.
thur defect of misleading good
par'ner and Weakening his conf.
dence. Here is an example, show
Ing how different opening made a
marked difference in the score. 1t
was played in duplicate game:
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31

The solution Of the problem given
last week. No. 25, in which hearts
were trumps and Z to lead, Y and z
to make four tricks, is as follows:
2 leads the diamond Jack. on
which Y discards a small club. Z
then leads the losing trump, Y dis
carding another club If A leads
the club Y plays the queen and leads
Ihe jack spade, z making both queen
and nine. If A leads The spade his
PARTNER, B, must discard. If B lets
go club all Y's are good; if dia-
mond, Z overtakes the spade lack
with the queen and makes q trick
with the deuce Of diamonds.
The trump opening Will not solve.
because A can then lead diamond
and B must make a diamond trick al
the end. If a leads a spade after
winning the trump trick he gives y
and 4 the four tricks they want; but
that is weak defence.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
Russian Territory

AS to the Russian territory, aside
from Poland, Paris was equally un-
able to make a division, and after
war the separate Baltic races have
arrived at a settlement with the
Russians which undoes the work Of
Peter the Great and his successors
so far as the Baltic shore is con-
cerned. Finland emerges free: Es-
thonia, Livland and Lithuania have
been similarly successful In escap-
ing Russian control, although be-
tween Lithuania and Poland there
survives quarrel which may have
grave consequences in the future.
In sum, however, Russia retircs
behind frontiers which recall those
Of the seventeenth century, so far
as the Baltic foreshore Is concerned,
and in the case Of Poland and Fin
land the conditions of the eight
eenth and nineteenth centuries. On
the whole thousand miles of boun-
Diary extending from the Gulf Of
Finland to the Black Sea only the
stretch Of the Dniester remains un-
fixed by agreement, and here the
Rumanians have made good the
frontiers Of Turkey in 1912 by an
nexing Bessarabia, which passed to
Russia in 1912 and was definitively
recognized to be Russian at Vienna
three years later.
In the case Of Russia, as Of Ger
many, however, while there has been
a collapse, there was not actual dis
integration. The collapse of Ger
many had permitted the escape of
the Poles. The fall Of Russia had
not merely enabled the Russian
Poles and the Baltic tribes to es-
cape, but also had enabled the Ru-
manians Of the Dniester to turn to
their brethren across the Pruth; but
so far as Turkey and Austria were
concerned the events Of the World
War amounted to an integral de-
struction.
Thus on the territory which was
Austro- Hungarian we see arising
number of new states: mutilated
Austria, containing the German
fraction; Czecho- -Slovakia, holding
the Czechs, Slovaks, and fraction Of
the Ruthenian people; Jugo- Slavia,
gathering in not alone all the
Southern Slavs, Of the Hapsburgs,
but also the Serbs Of Serbia and
Montenegro, who were until recent
ly in large numbers under Turkish
rule. Like the Austrian Poles, the
Austrian and Hungarian Ruma-
mans escape to the sovereignty of
their own nationality across the Car
pathians.
Greeks May Rule Constantinople
Finally, so far as Turkey in Eu-
rope is concerned Greece completes
TIE absorption of all the Thracian
districts and approaches the walls of
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31

z dealt and bid spade, which A
passed. Being very weak in spades
Y called two hearts, which passed,
and Z went two no-trumps.
At one table A, who was not fa-
millar with the distinction between
leading against trumps and no
trumps, started with the king and
ace Of diamonds, upon which dunn
my played two small cards, the de-
Why aos gysan8'up The queen on the
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
School for Card PLAYERS

that the 100 points penalty was worth
more than the two tricks, the adver-
saries having lost their right to any
penalty for an unfulfilled contract
through their revoke.-M E. P.
Answer-No matter what errors the
adversaries commit, the declarer must
fulfill her contract to get five odd. If
these cannot be got in pla9, they must
be made up by the revoke penalty, or
the declarer cannot score below the
line
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
Ground of Next War

1t was this rivalry, this race, which
really precipitated the World War.
although it was complicated by An
glo-German and Franco German cir
cumstances. And looking forward to
the future, on the basis Of the new
adjustments it must be perceived
that there is every chance that in
the next hundred years the effort of
Fussla to regain her position on the
Baltic and to achieve her conquest
OF Constantinople, to gain the prize
which was in her hands by Anglo
french consent during the World
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
Can French Protection Endure!

Thus Immediately the problem fo,
the future is stated: Can Franez
nomentarily the strongest militar
nation IN the world, permanently
protect the small states liberated BY
the World War, or, at the least,
cover them until they have acquired
strength to stand alone? Can she
build out Of these minor states, With
l'oland the chief detail, an alliance
sufficient to chez Russia on the Be-
resina, Germany along the lower Vis-
tula, Italy along the Adriatic, thus
.osuring the existence of Poland and
Jugo-Slavia, or will she be forced to-
abandon the task, perhaps havinf
10 pay for her effort in loss Of n
r'tory?
Beyond all question, Germany viii
again seek to exclude the Poles from
the Baltic and regain Posen and
West Prussia. Russia win strike
for the Baltic. Italy will continue
to endeavor to establish her control
of the Adriatic. All three Of these
problems are born of the new Euro
pean settlement. Only France Is
vitally concerned in preserving the
erifice of 1o19-'20-France and the
little peoples then liberated; and, u
an ironic turn of affairs, France
alone champiorIng the rights OF
small states and seeking to perpetu'l
ate those circumstances which make
the last war truly q war Of liber9j
ton, finds herself accused on af
sides Of ''impcr alism."
(Copyright. 1920. Mcclure Ns~-
paper Svndicate)
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
POKER

Question-In a jackpot all but two
players are driven out after the draw
When A calls B, and B shows three
deuces. says they are good, and
throws up his hand When another
player starts to pick up AS hand to
look ct 1t, snatches it and says that if
any one wants to see it he must
pay as much as did Is this correct,
and If so, why should A get the chips {?
&C. Mel
Answer-Every player at the table
has right to see AS cards as thew
were called. 1t does not matter which
player actually made the call, both
hands are equal, called upon to show
down.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31

representation under the supervision
OF Irish returning officers, the assem-
oily to be empowered to frame a
regular Irish constitution. provide
Tor the protection Of n1inoritjes and
determine the external relations of
ireland. 1t is expected that Sim
rem would agree to this procedure
as 1t is admitted that the Dali is not
1ully representative for such pur-
poses. 1t is extremely questionable.
however, whethe' the British gov
ernment would accept the authority
OF such an assembly.
Siscount Crey's Plan
Two other schemes have been put
forward recently for an Irish SET
tlement. The first, proposed by Vis-
count Grey Of Fallodon, met with in
slant approval from a large BODY of
English, as we'll as Irish, opinion.
Ihe main points In L0zh Crews
suggestion we're:
ireland to have the same freedom
as the other dominions to settle her
own government. But
One foreign policy. one army and
navy for Great Britain and ireland.
Britain to withdraw after two
years and leave Irishmen to govern
themselves.
Close on the heels of this generous
suggestion, came another even more
generous from the Liberal leader,
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
Auction Bridge

second round, 80 that dummy should
win the third round with the jack.
After winning the Nvo diamond
tricks, not knowing what better to
do, A shifted to the hearts, in which
z had apparently denied any
strength. Dummy put the ace right
on and led the spade, finessing the
jack, which held. 1t was then "a sim
pie matter TO put dummy in again
with the jack Of diamonds and to get
a second successful tinesse with the
spade queen. Then the ace dropped
the king and the two small spades
made. These, with the two club
tricks, won the game.
At another table the contract be.
ing two no-trumps A opened the
hand correctly with one Of his small
est diamonds. Now. although it
would win the game, it would be
very bad play for dummy TO put on
the jack second hand; because if B
held either ace or king he would kill
the Jack and return the suit through
the queen, making it easy for A to
catch that card and run down the
whole suit. z, therefore, let the
trick come up to the queen, which
won.
The fincsse in spades being essen
tial, Z was forced TO play the hearts
and tried the fnesse of the queen,
so as MOTTO lose control of that suit,
with his spades still not established
and all the diamonds against him
B won the heart trick with the
king; but instead Of returning his
partners suit Immediately he went
back with the jack Of hearts, so as
to establish the ten. 2 won this
with the ace and led the spade,
finessing the jack. Being unable to
get dummy in again he had to try
to drop the king by leading the ace,
but failed. Then, thinking B had no
more diamonds, he led third spade
and was set for two tricks, as B
made spade, q heart and gave A
Il diamond.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
CRlBBAGE

Questionable crib shows three SKIES
and trey, with a trey turned Please
count this hand for us.-L NJ. G..
Answer-Lay the three sizes in
triangle, each side pair, holes. A
trey with each pair makes a fifteen, 6
more. The other trey the same, more,
and pair of treys 2 more, a twenty
hand.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31

ex-Prcmier Henry Asquith. who pro-
posed for Ireland:
Status Of autonomous dominion y
the fullest and widest sense.
Equal terms with the dominioHs
with regard to external relations sna'
making and revising treaties.
Separate army and navy.
Fiscal indeue nderce
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
Disposition of Poland

AS to Poland, the Paris Confer
ence, after long debate and much
bitterness, resolved to restore sub
stantially those frontiers which were
overturned when Frederick the
Great undertook his infamous par
titions. Posen, West Prussia, in
larger part, and a fragment Of East
Prussia were restored to Polish SOW
eighty. Danzig was created an amor
phous political molecule, depending
upon the League Of Nations, but in
come vague measure reproducing an
ancient status. In doing this. the Paris
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31

War, will be renewed. Thus va :.
nave at one time a new eastern ous.
ton and new Baltic question.
IN the nineteenth century. s,..|
Prussia and then the German e
pre- and Russia were long fried
ana even allies. The separation /
tween the two, due to the Gern,.
support of Austrian pretens;or. =
the Near East, was fatal to ~
dynasties and to both empires. :
day nothing seems at once mora
mentous and more probable thu
new association Of the German -
the Slav, which Will inevitable ~
lenge almost ever detail in n.
tlement of lsl9'2o, certainly ev.-
circumstance save in the west
Continental Policy
Inc World War reestablished tstI
fact, proved so completely in y
wars of Louis XIV, that Great r n
sln will never consent, save al.
complete defeat, to the Establishes
Ct a strong military power IN !.
rev countries, IN Belg or in > |
land. German failure realize 4.
TACT led to the loss of Alsaca.t~
ralne. A new German effort to j.
turb the frontiers drawn in the w. +
would almost inevitably involve 4
trltish again. Therefore, 50 far !
the Aisace-Lorraine question it.ssI
's concerned, the settlement Of vs,,I
saliles might seem destined to 81
cure.
But France has necessarily en-
barked upon a Continental policy i.
supporting Poland she encount.,
Germany and, perhaps, Russia; II
giving aid to the Jugo-Slavs. lhl
the Poles essential clements in b..I
anti German edifice, she has come =,
most to blows with Italy. In generL
ser support of the small states, en-
afed at Versailles and Riga, brinu
her at once into collision with c.. /
man and Italian, while before War.
faw her generals were responsiy.
for Russian disaster. MoreOyr,
with this department of French I'd.
icy Britain has neither concern ur ]
sympathy.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31

and seek to extinguish Polish liber-
ties by dividing Polish lands.
Disputes Over Small States
AS between the new states,
erected as a result of recent treaties,
many disputes of dangerous char
acter have come with the liberation
of the smaller nationalities from the
overshadowing menace Of great and
tyrannizing powers. Thus the Poles
and the Lithuanians are at daggcrs
draw.n over Wilma; bitterness still
survives between Czechs and Poles
over Teschen, recently divided be-
tween the two, both Of whom claimed
the whole district Between the Ru-
manians and the Serbs there endures
the acute and very dangerous dis
pute over the Banat. Between the
iIerman-Austrian fragment, now
erected into separate republic, and
the Jugo-Slavs there is the issue
raised by the plebiscite of Hagen
furt, recently decided in favor Of
the Austrians. Between the Hun
garians and all their neighbors there
exist disputes having their origin
in the determination of the Magyars
to regain all of their ancient lands.
despite the fact that all of these
lands are inhabited by people who
prefer other rule to return to Hun
garian supremacy.
Settlement Of Vienna
Looking back to the settlement of
the Congress Of Vienna for a mo-
ment, we preceive that out of it grew
certain distinct conflicts which make
up the history Of the nineteenth GEN.
tury. The age long rivalry between
the Latin and the German on the
Rhine survived to make the war of
1870 and to contribute to the max
ing of that Of 1914. France had
created in Germany and Italy long
ng for national solidarity by her
effort to conquer and dominate. As
consequence the German and the
Italian peoples struggled upward to
race and national solidarity in the
wars of the middle of the last CEN
tury. BY refusing to undo the wrong
done TO the Poles by Frederick the
Great the Congress Of Vienna pre-
served a wound in the east of Eu-
rope which did not heal and could
not be cured.
But the main outcome Of The set
tiement of Vienna was the inevita bic
creation of the eastern question The
great Russian Empire emerging from
the Napoleonic struggle almost as
potent as the United States at the
close of the World War, resumed IT'S
glacier-like march toward the omen
waters beyond the Dardanelles and
the Bosporus. To meet this thrust.
hrst Britain and France, then Brit
ain and Austria, finally German and
Austrian. united War after war
marked the progress of the struggle.
the race between the German and
the Slav, as it finally developed, for
the road to the Near East, and the
bridge to Asia Minor, which is the
peninsula of Constantinople.
Ground of Next War
1t was this rivalry, this race. which
really precipitated the World War. /
although it was complicated by An
glo-German and Franco German cir
cumstances. And looking forward to
the future, on the basis of the new
adjustments it must be perceived
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
Greeks Nav Rule Constant;noulf
CONTINUED from pago one)
and gives Unionist Ulster mandate
over Ireland without responsibility.
British Opposition

{
Only small section Of the British
press, and that under direct inf1u-
ence of the government, supports
the Home Rule bill. Until Lloyd
George made his speech at Carnar-
Won on October it was generally
believed that the intention could not
possibly be to continue with a meas
ure SO obviously unpopular.
Five Vi@ Medic
Between what may be regarded as
the two extremes Of Irish settlement.
a republic and the present govern
ment's bill, are five vi@ media, the
result Of serious moderate opinions
consideration Of the Irish problem.
Three lesser suggestions, which
have not been so thoroughly aired
and discussed as some others. are
the following:
% A proposed means Of settle
ment by way Of secret negotiation
between the government and Sim
fein. Overtures have been made
from time to time in this direction.
one has recently been attempted by
Lord Middleton, leader Of group of
southern Unionists which has held
aloof from the Dublin peace confer
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
Agreement Entered Into at Riga Be-
tween the Poles and Russians
Among Most important

Kaiser's armies, nearly a hundred
years after Europe has been. in the
main; controlled by the decisions of
the Congress of Vienna, and its his
tory is the slow escape Of certain
nations from decisions which we're
grossly unfair and the futile attempt
Of others to revise terms which were
equitable and bid fair to be per-
manent.
Map of Western Europe
Looking now to the map Of west
srn Europe. to that portion of the
continent lying west of line drawn
from Berlin to Rome. how does the
settlement Of l9l9-'20 compare
with that Of lS14-'15? Considering
that full century Of wars separates
the two arrangements, the first cir<
which must impress every
observer is the paucity of the
changes as between peoples. It is
true that the century has seen the
separation Of the territories united
under the crown of Holland in 1916
into three distinct units-Holland,
Belgium and Luxemburg. In the
same fashion, instead Of an Italy
which was memory rather than
fact In 1916, a hopeless tangle Of
petty principalities, there has
emerged a united Italy, become one
Of the great powers Of Europe. Ger
many. too, has gone through the
same process,
Yet while these internal changes
IN the conditions of the races or
nationalities have been enormous,
by contrast the mutations between
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
lr Great Treaties Since the Thirty Years. Wa

ekr& Il VkW ~ 49, \
will be seen thai Norway and Swe-
cen, Joined in 1916 to reimburse the
Swcdes for the loss of Finland, as
signed to Russia have separated,
but so far as the rest Of the world
is concerned, their frontiers remain
the same. AS to Denmark, there
has been greater change. BY the
tro-Prusslan War, in the middle
of the last century, Denmark lost
'll of Schleswlg- Holstein. At Paris.
a year ago, two plebiscite areas were
Grated in the regions Of Schleswig,
were the Danes were an important
esment. In one of these the vote
hs already been for Denmark. in
tie other for Germany. Thus an in
.nstice Of 1915 has been fairly remc-
dcd in 1919. In addition, the island
f Helgoland, British in 1915, had
lassed by private sale from Britain
o Germany in The last century, and
he new treaty does not modify this
circumstance.
We may say, then, in sum, that in
1875 the conquerors Of Napoleon
gave to western Europe frontiers
which have been but little modified
since. The annexation of Alsace-
Lorraine by Germany in 1870 has
been annulled, and looking at the ex-
listing boundaries, the statesmen Of
the Vienna gathering would detect
ut little modification ao between ma
despite the colossal trans
formations within the limits Of the
several peoples.
Southern and Eastern Europe
Looking to the east and south Of
Europe, however, we are bound to
recognize at once the revolutionary
character Of the changes which are
marked by the frontiers Of 1920 as
contrasted with those Of 1915. In
fact, three great empires have
fallen, the Russian, Austrian and
Turkish, while at the expense of the
German and Austrian kingdoms Of
Il hundred years ago Poland has
been restored. A century ago Tur-
key still held the line of the Save,
the Danube, the Transylvanian Alps
and the Pruth; by the terms Of the
Vienna settlement the Russian ad-
vance across the Dniester in 1912
was confirmed, while Austria occu-
pied all Of the region between the
Bug and the Isonzo, out of which
so many states now have been
fashioned.
BY analyzing che changes Of a
century we shall see that they cor
respond to certain very clear his
torical circumstances. We have
first to consider the Italian phase
The Congress Of Vienna denied to
Italy any shadow of unity, even that
illusory fraction residing in Ma
poleon's kingdom of Italy. But the
wars Of Che nineteenth century gave
Italy Venetia and Lombardy at the
same moment that the leadership
Of the House Of Savoy supplied a
center for Italian patriotism and
led the way to internal consolda-
ton. The conference Of 1919 ex-
tended the process by giving to the
Italian nation the boundaries of an
tiquity, the Alps from Switzerland
to the Quarnaro, while it hesitated
to resolve the dispute between the
southern Slavs and the Italians as
to the islands and q portion Of the
mainland on the eastern side Of the
Adriatic.
Disposition of Poland
AS to Poland, the Paris Confer
ence, after long debate and much
bitterness. resolved t0 RESTORE S,,h-
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31

Hearts are ,.-..... and Z leads.
Y and 2 want four tricks. How do
they get them? Solution next week
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31

the several races to which the con-
temporary map Of Europe bears tes-
timony are almost insignificant To
begin with, so far as Great Britain,
Spain, Switzerland and Portugal are
concerned there has been no change
whatever.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
The Congress Of Vienna Controlle1
Europe for the Century
Prior to 1914

Russian may not again strike hands
and seek to extinguish Polish liber-
ties by dividing Polish lands.
New-York tribune., 1920-10-31
By Frank n. Simonds

N SEVERAL recent articles l
y have discussed the armistice of
q Riga, that is, the preliminary
peace settlement between the