The Elbert County tribune., 1920-01-09

dergrnlnd wnter is without merit, although
"forked-stck" artists from experience often
better able TO judge the probabilities of ground
water than the average person.
Various Kinds of Wells
Wells are spoken of as shallow or deep. dug.
bored driven. drilled. and In the case of tubu-
lar wells. nonfowing. flowing. artesian.
Persons interested In the various types of wells
and their construction. advantages disadvantages.
etc. will find the subject treated in Farmers Dull
letin No. OIL
Wherever possible, the farmhouse should be
fitted with some sort of runnng-water system.
simple or elaborate, according to the investment
the owner is able to make. For such systems
water may be raised by natural flow. hydraulic
rams, pumps. ulr lifts. air-dispacement pumps
Hydraulic rams are the most economical water
lifting devices Since rams of various sizes and
makes perform differently. 1t usually is necessary
to accept the mechanical details determined by
the manufacturer. The minimum. never more
than the average, flow of the spring should de-
termine the size of the Otherwise, the
selected may be too large for the dry-weather
flow. Small flows may be determined by noting
the time required to fill vessel of known
pacity. Larger flows may be determined by weir
measurements.
When the water supply is far from the
Site 1t is usual to pipe the flow to an open tank
reservoir located the desired
length and fall of drive pipe. Sometimes the
flow of spring is too small to actunte ram that
is sufficient for domestic requirements In such
instances and where nearby brook can be
damned to obtain the necessary power head, the
recoi of the ram may be employed to admit the
spring water which is pumped by fall of ahe
brook the pipe drive
Motion of water produces friction. which In
with the length and roughness of the
pipe and the rapidty of the waters movement
Hence wherever much water is TO he delivered
through long pipe the power or head necessary
to overcome friction should be determined. The
bulletin mentioned before Farmers Bulletin No.
94l) contains a table which shows the friction
haad thut ia he mbpr Of feet q he
the vertical height for ench 100 feet of iron pipe
(not new) to overcome friction when discharg-
ing given quantities OF water.
Selection of Pump.
In the selection of pump should deter
mine the kind of well to be used, Its inside d.
ameter depth to the bottom, the depth cnsed
depth to the water level. both when the pump is
at rest and in operation, and the maximum
yield. The maximum quantity of water required
per day should be calculated also. One should
also detertn e the distance from the well to the
proposed location of the pump and the vertical
height between these points, likewise the dis
lance from the pump to the reservoir or tank and
the vertical height between these points. The
kind of power to be employed should be settled
upon aso--hand power. windmill. gusoline or oil
engines, or electric motors-and the method of
transmitting the power
Farm pumps usually of the suction, hft,
. force deep-we type combination of
these. Suction and lift pumps do not raise
ter above the pump nor discharge 1t under press
Suction pumps sequlre the cylinder 20 De
above the water level of the supply. If per-
feet vacuum could be created within the cylinder
water could be raised vertically by suction $50
feet at sea level. However. the actual suction
lift is usually not more than two-thirds of the
theoretical lift. Methods of making tight joints
are described In the bulletin referred to.
Horizontal suction pipes may extend long dis
tnnces. providing the friction loss plus the
tica height from the wstter level 10 pump valve
does not exceed the limiting suction lift. Where