Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1920-01-09

pump cuHHot ne placeu so tndt the ImitiIis
suction lift will not be exceeded 1t is Necessary
to lower the pump cylinder into the well, raising
the water from the cylinder to the spout by the
direct lift of the piston Water can be pushed
more easly than 1t can be pulled, hence. rutf,er
than resort to extreme suction lifts 1t is prefer
able to lower the cylinder to within Is feet or
less Of the supply or still better to submerge II
Where water Is discharged against pressure
force pump Is necessary. practical installn.
ton for the kitchen sink Is a combined suction
and force pump which will be found a great "a
Dor saver for the housewife.
Deep.WeII Pumps
Deep-well pumps are heavier and stronger thnn
those described above. They may be Of the lift or
force type and the standard or working head Is
always directly over the well. The cylinder
should be near (withn IS feet) or else below
water level which pumping and drought may ere
ate. Submergence Is the preferable arrange
nent. In all installations the size Of the pump.
Ing cylinder must be determined from the size
depth, and yielding power Of the WELL the guam
tity Of water required and the available power
Deep wells and hand or WINDMILL outfits take
small cylinders.
Pumping by means Of compressed air Is very
old, but the systems used prior to 1909 required
the ulr supply to be turned on or shut Off accord
ing to whether or not the water was needed
Based on patent granted In that year, a two.
cylinder airdisplacement pump submerged in the
water supply and controlled by the opening and
closing Of the faucet, was devised. The essen.
ia. parts Of installation. besides such a PUMP
are an air compressor, storage tank, engine or mo.
ior-with air and water pipes and minor attach.
ments The pump operates only when water is
used. starting whenever faucet is opened and
continuing until all faucets are closed
The chief advantage Of air-displacement pumps
Is that water may be taken from ordinary delth
or lateral distance. or from several sources with
one power outfit and delivered direct from the
well to the faucet. The power plant may he
located wherever convenient and as many pumps
may he used as there are sources of water. Beth
hard and soft wnter may be delivered by using
two pumps and the necessary piping systems.
Air-displacement pumps are not adapted Mt pres
emf to lifts much over 1875 feet or to wells 'css
than three inches in diameter. nor can they be
used where more water Is required than the
well can supply within a specified period Air
pipes and air-dsplaccment pumps must he tight
and remain tight In service, and working pats
must be kept in good order.
Horsepower Needed.
Water may be raised by hand. windmill. h.
draulic rams steam hot mir. gas, internal-com
DuStlOn engines, or electric motors. Hama power
Is unsuited to large supplies or high lifts. Wind
mills are probably the most familiar type of me-
chanica power used and often are arranged tn
start and stop automatically. Gasoline and oil
engines are well adapted to farm pumping. anil
may be equipped to stop at any desired pressure
In supply tank The use Of electricity for
pumping is Increasing. The method Is cleSn
quiet and convenient. and starting or stopping
distant pump by throwing switch may he prnc-
teal wherever transmission lines are sufficiently
near.
The theoretical horsepower needed to raise
water Is found by multiplying the gallons pumped
In one minute by the total lift, in feet, ncluGng
friction in both suction and discharge pipes. and
then dividing the product by 1000 The horse
power rs computed, should be multiplied by from
two to four to overcome losses in pumping and
still allow for reserve of power. Ordinarily
one to two horsepower engines are suficien. for
farm pumps, but 1t is always safest to determine
this point by computation.
An advantage to be derived from the woll-in-
stalled farm water system often overlooked is III"
benefit II affords In the way Of fire prevention.
with relatively small expenditure, fixtures can be
added to pipe system, which give ready access
to the water supply for fighting flames. In al
most every case a fire can be easily put OUT II
discovered at its early stage providing there Is
fre-fghting apparatus near by. and all han IS.
even the children, are taught and drilled to Use
such apparatus cooy and skilfully