davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1920-03-28
Panama Canal Again Open.

PANAMA. March 26.-Obstructions
In the Culebra cut district Of the
Panama canal were removed today and
the great waterway 10 again OPEN for
tranie for q six-day Interruption.
Evening star., 1920-03-28
Danes Will Lock Out Labor.

COPENHAGEN. March 27.-Decision
to proclaim a general lockout on May
. has been reached by the organiza-
ton of Danish employers. owing to
steadily increasing wages and de-
mandS of workers.
Evening star., 1920-03-28

Japanese Grass Rugs.
stenciled designs. 9x12
size. in various Gil *
patterns ... ~
Woven Japanese Mat:
ting Rugs. in several
colors: 9x12 CO 7S
Japanese Woven Mat
ting Rugs. various colors
and designs; So <1 IN
inch size ........ ~A0o
Evening star., 1920-03-28

Go Sit in Front
of This Cabinet
Contrast its big, uncluttered
work space with that of any
other cabinet you have ever
seen.
Notice how the smoothly rolling
doors slide out of the way at
touch.
Yet see how easy it is to keep them
clean. In fact, we want you to
notice how get-at-able is every
corner of the Hoosier Beauty
how simple it is to keep sweet
and clean and sanitary.
Then, too, let US show you why
Hoosier's scientific arrangement
has made this cabinet the choice
of nearly two million American
housewives.
1t won't cost you a cent to call at
our store for demonstration of
Hoosier's superiority. 1t may
cause your needless drudgery to
stay away.
Evening star., 1920-03-28
Put Away Your
Good Wool Rugs

Good rugs are too high and too scarce to
leave your good wool rugs down to be
ruined by the dust and dirt of summer. 1t
will be very profitable to take up your
good rugs as soon as possible and replace
them with cool, clean, sanitary grass rugs.
You'll soon save their cost by the heightened
life of your good rugs and carpets.
Our New Spring Grass Rugs are on display
and some are offered at Uery moderate prices.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-02-23

agreed to make 100 reapers. Alto
gether, n .he, two years after he left
Virginia, McCormick sold $50 reapers,
He then decided 1t was time to build
his own factory att Chicago. y
The problem of marketing his new
invention did not prevent him from
attempting to improve II. Between
1881 and 1876, when Mr.. Mccormick
located in Chicago, he was diligently
at work testing and ~perfecting his
and part of his time during
these years wasgspent in the iron and
smelling business. IN 1915 he secur-
ed a second patent which embodied
mechanism. In 1S47 he patented the
third step IN the development of this
machine. the addition of a seat for
carrying the raker which had been
added about two years before. This
type Of reaper is the one taken by
Cyrus H. Mccormick to the first
worlds fair in London, England, in
1851, where it was awarded the coun-
Gil Medal for the most valuable ar
ticle contributed to the exposition.
The London Times which had first
~ridiculed. his reaper as "a cross be-
tween an Ashley chariot, a wheelbar-
a flynn machine. was oblig-
ed to admit several days later that
the Mccormick reaper is worth the
WnOle COST OIL 1he cXpoSlt1On." rms
same machine received the grand
prize at Paris in 1855.
When Mr.. Mccormick reached
Chicago in 1877 he found a ten-year-
old. city built in a swamp, without a
railway ORA canal, with a river that
in the wrong direction: but it was
busy. It was the link between the
Mississippi and the Great Lakes-a
central market where wheat was
traded for lumber and furs for iron.
1t was the one place in the grea.
United States of America that was
ready to become a reaper factory.
William B. Ogden. the first may of
of Chicago. listened to Mr.. McCor-
mick's story and Immediately formed
a partnership with him. The reaper
business, as Chicago knows it today,
was thus started on its way. AS soon
as possible Mr.. Mccormick bought
out Ogden and thenceforth establish
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-02-23

ed a one-nsan business, In 1851 no
was making 1000 reapers " Year. UP
to 1851 he had sold ~, 600 reApets IN
1859 here were $4,000 OF these ma
chimes in9theS United States doing Tho
work OF $4,000 men, saving $4so0S,s
0G0 in wages, and examining the
barns with 50.oo0,o00s bushels oi
grain.
In 1883 Mr.. Mccormick made some
further Improvements In his naachanae,
substituted an automatic rake . q
others entered the Reid, d N. os.
borne and w. A, Kirby laid>She Tom
dation of the present osborne line,
and the Whiteleys obtained patents
for their reaper. Patents We're grant,
cd to others from time to time 0na!
1870. by, which time the features OF
all reapers had been invented ana
substantially perfected.
The reaper is still used extensively,
especially In foreign countries, n IN
places where a self-binder cannot be
used. The interest in this machine,
however, centers not a its develop
ment as we find 1t used today, but IN
the fact that it led to the invention
and Perfection of the s~elf-bindcr.
Beginnings OF tho Self BINDER.
inc, reaper, mucn as IL olu W
American agriculture, was still in
adequate. The grain. after it was cut
and delivered to the ground. had to
be bound in bundles or gavels by
hand. Inventors were racking their
brain to provide some method of
speedier binding. The Marsh brothers
OF Dekalb, Illinois, had an idea that
two men might bind the grain cut
by a fve-foot sickle in ordinary mo-
ton, such as was used on a reaper,
provided the grain could be delivered
to the men all ready for them to bind
rather than on the ground as q cut
swath. The Marsh brothers realized
that a man must. have a free swing
and an open chance at the grain in
order to handle it as fast a cut, sc
they built a machine with a knife
and o cutting platform similar to the
reaper, but they provided elevators
which delivered the grain 10 a table
beside which was a platform where
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-02-23
HART co.
u. DOING GREAT
BUSINESS HERE
3-Plow Tractor
Proving Unusually
Popular

Manager A. T.. Mills Of the Hart
Co., 201 North Eighth street. is
enthusiastic regarding the success of
..the company's business in North Da-
5kota and the rapidly increasing inter-
on he part of farmers and deal
sSers in the Hart-Parr thirty.
The only limit to the success of h
business of the Hart-Parr Co, in
North Dakota this year will be the
{. factory. production. declares Mr..
II Mills. The company which distribute
es to all dealers in North Dakota has
3 three-plow tractors and fifty-two
l more will be received and placed his
tmonth
In commenting on this, Mr.. Mills
pointed out that the farmers Of the
state are fast awakening to the value
Of the tractor for spring work and
the demand for the Hart-Parr thirty
( which was formerly almost entirely
in the fall is now shifting somewhat
to spring as well.
The Hart-Parr thirty. the three
pillow tractor is the only size being
manufactured by the company
due to its extreme popularity. The
tractor is on its fourth Year but pro-
duction was limited during the war
and at that time experts were work
ing constantly perfecting the tractor.
Mr.. Mills who has BEEN with the
4 company for ten years, declared that
the Hart-Parr thirty in his estima-
ton is the best tractor ever put out,
being of the best design and size in
tho world, and possessing a remark
able power. The tractor weighs
3 something owe 5000 pounds and al
I. though only rated at 80 horse power
can develop forty-iive horse power
on the level. The demand for the
model1is crowding other sizes OF trac-
tors ont to Il certain extent.
The Hart-Farr Co. WAS the founder
#of the tractor business, according to
Mr.. Mills and }the pioneer tractor
manufactured by this concern nine
1ccn years ago is still in actual use.
The. Hart-Parr No. | was turned out
N 1901 and has been in more or less
constant use ever since and is still
being used for farm work near
Grundy Center. Ia.
The staying quality of that first
4 tractor is indicative of the unusually
~serviceable workmanship and mater
ials used by the Hart-Parr company,
according TO Mr.. Mills, and the nine
teen years since the first tractor was
put into' use have been used by the
most expert machinists and pioneer
motor men to develop the machine.
The Hart-Parr interests nave the
largest plant in the world. devoted
to exclusive manufacture Of tractors
and the 1920 schedule of production
calls for the second largest produc-
\ ton Of three-plow. tractors of any
plant in the world.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-02-23

Two mon could stand and ride. These
two men. received the grhins as Iasts as :
cut, bound IL by hand with gram, ana aals
threw 1t to tho ground. -.
, 1,his machine was patented
AT a time when OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
and self.rakcrs-ahd droppefs were
About tho only known arvestlhs
machines. Our interest IN TINS IN ~
chine centers In the fact that the
scIfsNindtng harvester WINS born on,
It's shoulders, The Marsh harvester
Is really The halfway mark In mar
ypsting machine development ~ is q
child OF the reaper and "a parent OF
tho self-binder. Its Development cons
sisted in p~srfecting u device Wnlcn
automatically hound sthe. grain mo
bundles, and ,roplaced the Two men
M.'e, rode on q'e platform ana oou'u
MIR, Mccormick realized the neces-
sity for machines of the Marsh type.
SO no, began building them in 1875;
Other companies were also licensed
to manufactures the Marsh harvester,
among them being Easter and Gam
mon, into which William Deerlng
bought an interest III 1870. BY ,lS79
over 100000, Marsh harvesters q
been built.
ClllCu 10 uS VIZ SVistALiAtbSASL hESt 49,.
binding device attached to q Marsh
harvester, efforts were made even be-
fore the. perfection of the Marsh Qla-
chine to bind grain by mechanical
means. AS early as 1850 self-binding
harvesters were invented, but these
machines were very complicated and
never anything more than expert
In 1852 ]. r. Gordon and ]. II.
Gordon OF ARpchestef, N. Y, began
their work, and in 1873 completed
and patented their attachment with
packers. which was added to the
Marsh harvester. This type of binder
! was built by several Of the leading
implement manufacturers at that
time. Mccormick bought manufac-
| turing. rights but gave these up later
to manufacture the Wilmington ma
chine, in which Mccormick had
bought a half interest from G. B.
Wilmington of GAINESVILLE in 1874.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-02-23
THE HARVESTING MACHINE
Its An Interesting story To Follow From The Sickle or Father Abraham
Down Through The Centuries Until We Arrive At The sEIp Of The
Perfected Binder. S#MS@$ 3@#&i#M5

A s,fa- back as history takes us,
which is back far enough,$there was
wheat. 1t is found insthe mummy
cases Of Egypt, where it has lain for
ages, and it is discovered in the ruins
of the Swiss lake jewellers. where it
had been entombed before Egypt had
a history. The people of the stone age
grew and fed on wheat. During the
bronze age, the iron age, and the
civilization that followed, wheat has
kept it's place as the main source OF
the worlds bread supply. Whether
prepared for f9od. such as "cakes on
the HEARTH in the time of Abraham,
or in the white bread Of today, this
same history tells us that to cut.;the
wheatsa reapingrhook or agsickleiwas
used. This primitive sickle was first.
made of flint, of bone, then of
bronze. The latter vas curved and
had Il shank for a handle, quite, like
the sickle our fathers used but small
er. Pictures Of these + found upon
the tombs at Thebes in Egypt, drawn
fifteen centuries B. G.. This crude
manned an accepted method OF, har-
Ivesting up to about seventy-five years
ago.
The sickle developed into a scythe.
by means of which both hands could
be used instead of one The scythe is
still a familiar tool on our farms, but
it serves other purposes than as the
sale means Of harvesting grain.
Gradually the blade of The scythe
was made lighter, the handle was
heightened, and then fingers were adj
ded to collect the grain n carry 1t
to the end of tho stroke so that the
cut sWath was neatly laid to the VI
for drying. This improved DOL was
given a new name-tha cradle-scythe
or the cradle. 1t is a distinctly Amer
lean development evolved by the Col
%onists, who probably brought with
them various European types which
they afterwards improved. Prof.
Brewer of Yale lixes the introduction
of the cradle at about 177G. With, a
cradle in heavy grain an experienced
man can cut about two acres a day
and another man can rake Inc bind
it into sheaves. The cradle enables
WI men to do the work of six or
seven with sickles.
Before long the cradle spread to all
other countries. 1T remained the most
efficient harvesting tool until it was
displaced by Mcrormick's reaper.
We still FIND it used in this country
and abroad where conditions make
roaming machines Impractical.
While the reaping hook. the scythe
and the cradle were the accepted har-
vcsting tools. we should not assume
that machines We're unthought Of. AS
early as the first century we find. ac-
cording to Pliny, that the Gauls used
what might be termed a stripping
header device with lance-shaped
knives or teeth with s%harpened sides
projecting from a bar, like guard
teeth, but set close torether to form
a sort of comb. AS it was pushed for
ward the stalks came between these
sharp teeth so that the heads could
be knocked off or stripped off and
dropped into the box attached be-
hind. AS soon as the box became filed
they emptied it
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-02-23

Asiaa from this machine OF the.
,Gauls. mechanical methods of har-5
vesting received practically no atten-
ton until about the year 1900. About
was granted.eIn 1903 we have record
Of the first American inventions in
this line, but we may say broadly that
up to 1881 no practical reaper had
been developed.
Tic First Successful Reaper.
| In, 1881 M~cCorgnick's reaper, the
first practical machine Of it's kind
taken into the field. Although Nc
Cormick's reaper was not patented.
until 1884, one year after a patent
was granted. to Obed Hussey for his
MACHINE, Young Mccormick. gave a
public exhibition in Virginia. in 1881.
three years, prior to that time. 1t was
in theFsfaH of that year that young
Cyrus Mccormick hitched four horses
to his machine, which had been built
in the old blacksmith's shop on the
farm, and: drove into field of late
oats belonging to John Steel, adjoin-
ing his fathers farm at Steele's Tav-
ern. McCormick's machine, to- the
surprise of everyone, actually cut the
grain, n in less h half a day
had reaped. six acres of oats, as much
as six men would have done by the
old-fashioned method. Although the
mora NAV fftv va,rs tbis Vas tho
,irst grain tbat had eWe, haen ont Nv
= machin in tbis conn., ~
This. was nof Tho first ,+temn NJ OF
a McCorn,ick 10 solv. TIC nrohinn, Of
harvostinr ,ra;n Nv n,schinerv FOR
Robert Mccormick, father of Cyrus.
had worked on a machine Of this kind
II arain In 1Ss1 h,t II
and in tho same wear fhe son Cvrns'
took mn Inc VOL: and ~conniated the
n,achinn which started tho world To-
ward cheanor hread
h reansr +aken ;n+o tho 1o1d nv
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-02-23

mccormick built $4,000 8 thaa..
machines between 1877 and 1885. Il"
o simpleamechanisrnS which con.
sisted mainly or S two steel inpar.
that noved3backA land forth and twis,s
ed aiwire band aroundSehch sheaf Of
grain.
that the wire would mix in With the
straw and kill their horses and ca.s
tie. fM @Y WIG
%e Tho Irvine Binder.
Back In 1869 J +. Appleby took
out his first patent for an attach
Iment which would bind grain, but
like thte other attachments Of THAI
day, nc was wire binder, presum.
ably becausa such q thing as binding
With Irvine had not vet been thought
of. When the wire proved unpopuiafs-
5Appleby turned his attention to ~
binder which would>us a cord for
tying. He began work on this ma
chine in 1874. and operated one in
the harvest ofss1S75-76 and several in
1877. In 1873 he may be said to have
perfected his DEVICE, for it was at
time that William Deering saw ii for
the first time. ~ When he saw tho
strong arms flash a cord around a
bundle Of grain. tie a knot, cut tho
cord and fling off a tsheaf, he knew {
that he had what the world needed.
He Immediately began it's man,ifac-
ture. In 881a&McCormick began
building Irvine binders, like all other
successful harvesters, were a 5conbi-
nation Of the Appleby attachment
and q harvester OF the Marsh type.
With the perfection of the Irvine
binder the harvesting machine indus
try moved rapidly. The machines
proved successful and extremely pop
ular. The next step, Of course, was to
provide a reliable binder Irvine fArI
tying the bundles, and this was very
soon Forthcoming. From that time on
all. manufacturers have been building
practically the. same harvesting ma
knife and%t the Appleby binding at
tachment on the Marsh type of har-
vester. The %self-binder of today is
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-02-23

ko0 ~
4 t.S{s X
|anages
FandSF
bother
|ryices5
quail.
% be 4
hjnerN
Mr.
Rllyw
|onthS
es his
Hiss
| Back
L.
h1,e
hid at
|llis-Ct
hd aps
fese n
|ealing
ehind5
rand
| The
ee w
be-,
to-, fol
fea &C
| The :
+ the
|d col,
bn1plel
bst.
| In di
|andles
llis-Ci
hat tn
lest bp
ktreu1t
b,,r,4o
|hserve
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-01-25
Alexandria Society.
Miss Mary Thomson entertained the
Afternoon Bridge Club on Wednesday,

Miss Mary Thomson entertained the
Afternoon Bridge Club on Wednesday
afternoon. and those playing were
Mrs. John Thornton Ashton, Mrs.
Isaac Gregg, Mrs. Armistead Egg
born, Mrs. Anderson Sommers. Mrs
Richard E. Acton. Mrs. Rozier Bayly,
Mrs. Morris J.. Horner. Mrs. Percy
Waller. Mrs. Thomas Sebrell and Miss
Nellie Uhler.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert Oliver of
Richmond spent the week end with
| the latter's parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
! Lycurgus f. Uhler, on South Wash
| ington street.
Miss Katharine H Stuart is the
guest of her cousin. DR.. r. w. Stuart,
at Stratford Hall, Westmoreland
county.
Mrs. Cary Adams is the guest of
her parents. Mr.. and Mrs. John Wade.
at North Garden, Va.
Capt. and Mrs. George r. White of
Washington were the week end guests
| of Mr.. and Mrs. Charles NJ. Shopper
son, at the Wagar.
! Mrs. NJ. c. c.. Peyton entertained at
| luncheon at her home at the Wagar
| Wednesday in honor of friends from
| Washington.
! Miss Mary Smyth went to Annapolis
| this week to visit her nephew, Mid
shipman Frank Pryor of California.
| LIZ. anu MIS-. STUART Mcclure nave
] returned to their home in Richmond.
after a visit to DR.. and Mrs. Hugh
Mcguire, on South Washington street.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Wallace Monroe
| have returned from a trip to New
York city.
Miss Madge Constance Whalen,
| daughter of Mr.. William Whalen. and
! Mr.. James E. Deeton were married
Tuesday at ST. Mary's Roman Cath
| Ollie Church by Rev. Father L. F.
Kelly.
| The first dance given by the Ameri-
can Legion of Alexandria took place
| at Elks' Home Thursday evening.
The committee in charge was: Mrs.
Carroll Pierce. Mrs. Charles NJ. shep-
| person, Mrs. Percy Evans. Messrs.
| James S. Douglas. jr.: Gilbert J. Cox.
| jr., and Kenneth Aitcheson. The
young ladies assisting were Miss Nell
lie Uhler. Miss Eliza Douglas Miss
| per and Miss Collins Jones.
Mr.. Richard II. Atkinson. jr., of
! Portland. Ore, spent the week end
| with his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. r. H.
| Atkinson. on Cameron street.
Mr.. and Mrs. William B. Smoot are
| spending several weeks at Atlantic
| City.
Miss Sallie Travers has gone to
Panama to spend several months with
her sister. Mrs. Agnes Muldoon.
| Mrs. Lucy NJ. Lunt has returned
from visit to relatives at Philo-
mont, Va.
MI and Mrs. W. D. Burkett have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-01-25

evening at o'clock at 2007 Columbia
road as the guests of Mrs. Anna
Hendley and Mrs. Nanette B. Paul.
Mrs. Howard L. Hodgkins, president
of the organization, announces that
among other business to be trans
acted will be the election of four
delegates and alternates to the BIZ
annual convention to be held at pes
Moines. Iowa. in the spring. Many
costumes of the Nine. Mountford COL
lection. robes and articles of every
day life brought from the Holy Land,
titled. "a New View of the Bible"
Mrs. Cabot Stevens will spsek on be-
half of the near east. The meetings
of the federation are open to all
women of the District. Out-of-town
visitors belonging to various state
at the home of Mrs. j. ID. Carmody,
1911 Vermont avenue, Monday even
ing, the regent, Mrs. J. Med. Stew
art. presiding. Miss Lillian Cheno-
weth was elected delegate for the
coming congress. Alternates elected
as D. Whyte. Mrs. Coleman. Mrs. Ina
Hills, Miss Lillian Stewart and Mrs.
Lillian Mcmillan.
Dixie Chapter, L. ID. C., met Wednes
day evening at Confederate Memorial
Home, with the president, Mrs. Paul
L. Joachim, in the chair. In COM
memoration of the anniversary of
Gen. Robert E. Lee. whose birthday
was celebrated Monday. Miss Mar
garet Daniel read a paper entitled,
Lee. the Man and Soldier" The
chapter voted 500 to be applied on
the debt on Confederate Memorial
Home.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-01-25
VETERANS OF THE GREAT WAR
A Column Devoted to the Interests of the Men Who
Defended the Nation on Land and at Sea-.

present year are: Edna Warner, senior
vice commander; Kate A Claggett,
junior vice commander; Adelaide r.
Harbers. adjutant tacting9; Mary r.
Allen. chaplain; Mary E. Kolhos,
finance officer; Amy f. Hammond, his
torian; Estelle r. Purdy and Viola r.
| Reus, color bearers.
Cecil J. Dowd, Alfred L. Stern and
| Joseph v. Dowd. who have served as
temporary officers of Hiram F. Gasch
Post of the American Legion, have
been chosen as post commander, ad-
jutant and finance officers, respective
| ly, to serve for the present calendar
year. William c. Hammett is senior
vice commander; 2. Byron Gallagher.
junior vice commander; Nathaniel p
Davis. assistant adjutant; Marc G..
Phillips, historian; Heath NJ. Berry
Quartermaster; Edward E. Farren
i sergeant alarms; Edwin ]. Dowd
master-at-arms: Samuel w. Stinemetz
and John J. Mulligan, color bearers.
The executive committee and all
standing committees of George Wash
| ington Post of the American Legion
| met last Friday evening at the office
of Col. Roy Winton to draft pro-
gram for the new year. The result
will be announced at the next meet
! ing of the post
Vincent B. Costello Post of the
American Legion has contributed $25
| to the widow Of Policeman McKim-
mic. killed while on duty, and has
adopted a resolution urging Congress
| to make adequate provision for the
! families of policemen who meet death
| while serving the public.
Erection of a national memorial in
Washington in memory of the dead of
the Army. Navy. Marine Corps, is the
object of a organization. known
as the National Memorial Association.
All branches of the service and prac-
tically all of the large welfare or
| the work. which is being done under
the direction of Maj. Gen. William G.
Ham, assistant chief of staff of the
| Army.