The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-01-01
YEAR JUST ENDED Was FILLED
WITH INDUSTRIAL STRIFE AT
Home and TURMOIL In EUROPE
Failure Of United States to Rat
ify Treaty Prevented Formal
Declaration of Peace
EUROPE is HARDEST HIT
Empire Of Austria Hungary Has
Fallen to Pieces and Ger
many Is Republic.
cospyriaht, 1919, by The Mcclure
Newspaper Syndicate.)


after nearly five years of frightful
garfare, in which All Of the great
Z Ne5owers and many Of the smaller ma
tiona had been involved. the world
found II difficult to return to anything
like normfl conditions during the year
1872 While the armistice. which was
signed in the closing weeks of 1918,
brought a cessation Of hostilities be-
tween the two groups Of nations that
had been engaged in the great strug
gle lit did not bring peace to all the
peoples involved. Technically. the
world was still at war Throughout
practically all of the year just clos
cd, as the peace treaty, which was
framed in Paris after months of nego-
tiation, could not be made fully, eff
fective until ratified by the great
powers ard formally promulgated by
the peace conference Failure of the
United States senate to ratify the
treaty, becadse of opposition to the
covenant of the league of nations,
which was made part Of the peace
treaty. prevented the formal declara-
tion OF peace until more than a year
after the a.rmistice was signed.
In The meantime. internal disorders
and territ orial disputes, arising from
the establishment Of many new ma
tions KEEP a large part Of Europe in
turmoil. Such a complete remaking
Of the map Of Europe as resulted
from the great war naturally could
not be accomplished without friction.
The great empire Of Austria Hungary
had fallen to pieces with the defeat
of the cen tral powers, and out Of the
wreckage new states arose. These
new natiO.ls-Austria, Hungary, Po-
land and the Czech and Jugo- -Slav
states=cotnd not establish their new
boundaries without friction among
themselves ard with their neighbors.
1sne new government Of Germany.
Nhica had been transformed into a
republic. Was striving to maintain it
self against the attacks of radical
elements. Russia was torn by civil
strife, with half a dozen groups fight
ing for the mastery. AT times world
peace aeeraed still far off. but as the
Year passed conditions became more
settled and it seemed probable that
with The formal PRONUNCIATION of the
peace tres ty the seeming chaos into
which Europe had been thrown would
pass.
In the United States conditions were
not So uIeettIed as in the nations that
had been longer engaged in the war,
but here. as in Europe, the transit
ton from a war to peace basis was
not easy New industrial problems
had been created. The high cost of
living caused labor to make insistent
aud repeated demands for higher
WAGES and resulted in numerous
strikes am ong all classes of workers.
Radical leitders took advantage of the
unrest that existed to recruit their
forces and they became 50 active that
the constituted authorities Of the ma
ton finally found it necessary to take
determined steps to suppress disloyal
propag gandgt Attempts by the gov
fare failed and as the year drew to
Il close the attention Of the nation
was centered upon the problems
growing OFT OF the clashes between
capital an6 labor.
January 6-Colonel Theodore Roose-
welt. former president of the United
states. dies at oyster Bay, l.. !.
January 16-Tgnace Paderewski, fa-
NOUS pianist, becomes premier of Po- |
Nland.
5aauary 17-Karl Liehl1necht and
Rosa Luxealberg. Spartacists, killed
n Berlin while trying to escape.
January 1S-President Poincare of
France. formally opens allied peace
conference in Paris.
January 29-United states recog- |
nizes prov sional government of Po-
and.
January 29-FranS L. Polk. acting /
secretary of state. formally proclaiins
ratification Of prohibition amend
ment
February limited States recog-
nizes unior Of Serbian, Croatian and
Slovenian peoples.
February 14-Pre 81 q ent Wilson
reads league Of nations plan to plena- |
~ session of the allied peace confer
enee.
February 15-Supreme allied coun-
ell orders all trade restrictions re- I
moved on commerce with Turkey and |
Bulgaria. formally opening the Darda- I
nelles.
February 19--Attack on the league I
OF the natl ons proposal begins in both /
houses of congress-
February 19-Peace parIeys are
temporarily hampered by an attempt /
Ola the life OF Premier Clemenceau of |
France.
February 2o-Ameriean troops ar
rive in Bsrlin, TO protect expected
transports Of food.
February 21-Kurt Eisner. Fsavarian
premier. herr Auer, minister of the
interior, ard three other officials shot
dead in revolt of Spartacan forces
February ga soviet repuhlic =
proclaimed in Munich. A conmnnist
revolt grows intense in Budapest
February 27--Erederick II. fs;l,at.
lfxo. 1--Continuod a. g.. =,