davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
iAyEN f!zsEL4Hp E hGsshk0al
1ECIubrlla
Ci.uRs FOR SATURDAY


Audubon Society
The Seattle Audubon society viii
hold a special meeting Saturday eve.
ming at s o'clock in the Transports.
ton club rooms. hallway Exchange
building. 20 meet MIR. W. A. Eliot az
the Portland Audubon society. Mr..
Eliot has recently returned from war
camp community service In France.
where he gave illustrated lectures
on birds 20 the men IN service dur
ing the war MIR Eliot win tank on
the birds In France and the Port
land Audubon society.
Seattle Juvenile >ciEhbors az Wood
craft
Seattle Juvenile % NelEhborr Of
woodcrAft win give May party
next Saturday at the Swedish club
han az $50 o'clock.
MINNESOTA Club 90 Mcct
Tho members and friends ~ the
Minnesota club win meet AT tho Col
Tins Field Playhouse on Saturday
evening for social evening and
dance. A speech win be made by
Prof. Clark pruscott HinEett. and
songs win be given by Mira r. N
Holland OF Tacoma
Phi Mn Aiumnae to Meet
The seatti, Aiurnnas association
OF Phi Mn win hold ita regular meet
ing at tho chapter house. 1850 Uni
ycrsity blvd. saturday. May 1. az :
.. m. All visiting Phi Mus are o.
tended cordial invitation.
Delta Gamma So~u~ify
Tho alumnse OF Delta Gamma
meet Saturday at : .. m. with Mra
Cyril Stuffed. sots East Newton
street Phone East sTss.
Classic Culture Club
The annual business meeting and
election OF tho Classic Culture club
viii be held az the Federated club
house Saturday. May 1. at $50 y. m.
All members arc requested 10 be
present
v" shf""
INC aiurina OF Atpha Phi WIN Gfv~
uaer regular luncheon Saturday al
me "oinenH University club
West scaftio Art Cub
west Ss~ute Art club. in~,-ai OF
'nesuiF on wednesday. win meet on
a',i'uay' May !. at .. IN. at the
"a = hrnry art gallery.
r'pi oashc rub
Tue oAkhc club meets at rbe home
sii-Ainp' Sos Ninth avenue north
"sS@ Al w
a.,
apnA "snnia Delta Mrrting
Al"ninar OF Alpha Gamma
-, meet AT The chapter house.
"ra I'M Omega Me-tinE
IotA OF Alpha Chi Omega VIII
s.'. saturday al Les .. IN. AZ 4sts
'""Ae'"hh avenue northeast
"sisi"n i, n %. w.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
the So
4 ciety Editor of The
Star--Offie, Main 600;
Home, Main 2761.
Birthday Dinner Dance
for Mr.. Grant

In honor Of the birthday Of MFR.
Joseph H. Grant, Mrs. Grant viii en-
tcrtain at dinner Of sixteen covers
Et their home on saturday evening.
May ).
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
ST. JAMES

ST. JAMES cathedral drive for
siso.oo melted ssT .0oe in the city.
after four days Of canvasNing- Il was
reported Friday morning.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29

FUNERAL SERVICES for Ralph
Rathbun Stewart. prominent lumber.
man. who dl~d wednesday. were held
Thursday afternoon
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
Children to Sing
Song of Victory"

The feature q Die May festfvn
OF music 10 be given by Seattle
school children at the Arena nsxf
week win be the rendition. for tho
first time IN Seattle. OF the cantata.
"a Song Of Victory by a combined
high school chorus.
other numbers WIN Include
Greek interpretat;ye dance and .
Liberty Maypois dance.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29

The hand Of folly IL responsible for
quite a number OF black eycN.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
MAKE IT YOURSELF IN a

MIME IT fUtFtsr !" UT
slogan OF the Y. NJ c. A girls who
are hitting tho high cost Of feminine
apparel by this simple method
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
WOMAN SECRETARY

One Of the many miIlion-doiiar on
concerns In Texas has u woman SEC
Rotary. Miss Florence NJ Sterling.
who handles her position In most
efficient manner.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29

Mira Thomas FranRion and daugh-
ter. Josephine, win depart on Mon.
day Tor an Eastern trip to be gono
until July /.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
Concert by
Philip Hillstrom

on Saturday evening. May /. Philip
HlIlsuom. ono OF the foremost bari
tones OF the Northwest. win appear
In recital at Swedish Baptist church.
Mr. Hnistrom has studied abroad as
well as In this country and is consid-
er-sd n vocalist Of unusual promise
lie VIII be assisted by Carrie Recp.
soprano. and Paul Mccoole. pianist
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
SUNSET CLUB TO
HAVE PROGRAM
OF MERIT FOR MAY

SOCIETY Editor q The Stur

No11TfV
pRfrNnf,IGAsr address members or
M the subject Of The English
r.cxuarc a, America "A Wen Remembered Voice by
Donahoe and Mrs Ger
aid ,,.,-,.- - =, w. r.. no.,
assemble
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29

Col. william Hawiing Brooks. Of
San Francisco. IA tho house guest Of
Col. and Mrs. X. II. Wilson AZ ie2s
Fifteenth avenue North.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
DOWNTOWN SECTION was can.

vassed by 200 business men Friday
IN tho interests Of the interchurch
world movement
>->~~~-~,-~-,~-~-~-~-~~---
Fifcnfnnx s..ss....@-...--- .l-vrprr
Hyfnpl unique Variations. .Bos'iifnann
Mocuhfo r0asatrOso
tudaniinO
Allegro
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29

Mr.. and Mrs. Charles !. Moses. To
gether with Mira Moses mother. Mira
n. J. Harvey. VIII leave merit week
for Caahmor~. TO spend few days
al thair ranch.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
Month End Clearance Sale
YOUTHS SUIT SALE
Special $500

Youths Long-pants Suits at special price. These
come in neat mixtures, light and dark shades. They
nicely made up and will prove excellent wearing
suits Don't let this opportunity go by. They're Won
derul values at this low price. Ages II to Is years.
We have also very snappy line of Young Mems
Suits cut in the very latest models, belted and with
slash pockets They're just the kind that every young
man wants and marked at very low prices-$25O 90
to $3.50.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
Seattle Juvenile >clKhbors Of Wood


Tho members and friends ~ the
Minnesota club win meet AZ tho Col.
Inns Field Playhouse on Saturday
evening FOR social evening and
dance. A speech win hs made by
Prof. Clark pr~scott Hirrett. and
songs win be given by Mira II II
Holland OF Tacoma.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29

Miss Elizabeth Crane. who has
made her home IN Eau Claire. Wis
oonSln. for the past nino years has
returned 10 Seattle 70 reside perrna,
ncnuy.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
Phi Mn AIumnan 4, Met

The seattl. AiunnAS association
OF Phi Mu win hold i,a regular meet.
ins at tho chapter house. 1850 Uni.
vcraty blvd. saturday. May 1. az s
p. m. All visiting Phi Mus are o.
tended cordial invitation.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29

Fortson Auxiliary No. win give
a benefit card party for the depart
mont fund at Tho home Of Mra. liar.
veg j. Moss. 90. East Forty-scventh
on May !. at s O'Clock. Take Wall
ingford car.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1920-04-29
COMMITTEES Is
Runruagr Sale

The Holy Trinity Lutheran church
Is holding n rummaK. sale Tits week
In the basement o. the Pine street
market
The Washington times., 1920-06-06
Beside Ii Is


have vet to find what carnivorous enemy
got the best OF camarasaurus, if any.
Such instances. even If known to any
specialist will only prove that the combats
took place after the camarasaur became
bewildered by upheaval Of swamps and
wandered on dry land in a weakened and
lying condition.
Scientists have traditional hypothesis
that dinosaurs were not ancestral TO any
later type Of animals, because they are
alleged to have specialized away from
modern types instead of towards them.
When we find resemblances to dinosaurs
in later animals, we are told that these
are parallels of evolution. This hypothe.
sis will bear much revision. II camara-
saurus was the dominant animal. or rep
tile, of so long ago rs fifteen million years.
he must have been ancestral to later types
at least in part
Mammals and men have twenty-eight OF
his bones, however modified by time for
environmental conditions. Maybe some
other animal of his time passed them on
TO us and maybe not. There was moropus
later horse-like mammal, with similar
fore feot ard huge claws for digging.
There is the giraffe with similar long neck
and small head, but with the number of
neck bones reduced to seven There are
hie huHdns Win iOng netkS and small
heads, with the same reduction OF neck
bones as the giraffe.
Some OF US and many otnef mammals in.
hertt fiat feet from some reptile that got
fat hind teet by reaching high for its TODD
Why not inherited" from camarasaurus,
The fact Is. camarasaurus lived In an age
so far distant that he couldn't specialize
away from the coming generations He
had to specialize with all his might toward
us. II was the later dinosaurs that got OF
the trolley and went wandering far ahela
Tnis chap seems 10 have built solid toun.
dation for many types that came after
him, clear down to the present,
II required fourteen million years To
modify reptile skeleton and bones 20 pro
duce man The whole tail of cama
rasaurus had 10 go by the board. All those
cavities along his spine had to unloose
their brain material so II could be brought
mp into vastly modified skull. The big
ru chamber in his bones bad to be closed
Whiln lda t-e logs and feet had 60 be I'm.
ilcne ]" mo ifnd ~ produce on" 1rms and
nands Int fcw notifications had 20 be
made i"r lhe four legs of our domestic
animals and quadrupeds generally.
The Washington times., 1920-06-06
y, ~ A6
Brain to Work Its
Tail and Mammoth
% 4: Hind Legs, a =.
Smaller S,p One for .Its:
F orelees, a Very: ~
Little One In Its T.
Skull, and Was,
Despite Its Unusual
Gifts, the Original
Complete Bonehead
E: E. I: of Our Earth

In natural attitudes- but with its body
stretched upwaF on the hind feet, the
skull would rear twice that, height The
name was girkn him because laf the large
air chambers;in hts bones; and hence he Is
called the 9chambefed saurian' ALSO he
has been named the "dredger diposaur,.' !.
because he had scoop-shaped teeth
And in this monsters enormous bnlk and
weight lie the reason, for mis- sAuee<bfains
The small head brain WASN'T shig enough t.
control all the tons OF muscle and bone
1t was less trouble for nature, to enlarge
the spinal cord at the two points indicated
was easier than to enlarge the bones Of
the head to accommodate a larger organ
there. Nature, taking always the easiest
way, made the sacrum brain big enough to
take care of the mighty tan and hind quar-.
ters OF the dinosaur; the rsiddle brain
looked after the body from the beginning
OF the neck to. the foreausrfers. The
brains IN the head were concerned solely
with such functions as the senses on sight
nearing. smelling and PERHAPS conscious
feeling ,f,ta,.
The real governing. co-ordinating faculty
seems to have existed In the entire spinal
cord. Perhaps. accurately speaking, the
brain of this weird creature could be said
to be thick cord brain 81 feet long with
three bulbs on IL. which seems even more
remarkable even Than the three1hnain way
OF putting the matter
The deduction is therefore that the
brain was co-ordinated along the entire
backbone. with the functions as we know
them to-day from the workings within
our own craniums distributed at points in
larger cavities for the controlof the move
ments Of the animal Camarasaurus, then,
rs has been said, gives us glimpse Of
the very first attempts Of nature in brain
evolution. He was also one OF the first
animals to have backbone made of bone.
bis predecessors considerably further
back. having cords OF cartilage as the
beginnings OF spines &c..
The restoration OF the skeleton and
appearances as in life OF camarasaurus are
the results OF eight years more or less
continuous studies OF four savants. mem.
hers OF the leading scientific societies OF
America and Europe These men com.
prise Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn. Presi.
dent OF the Museum; DIR. W. ID. Matthew,
The Washington times., 1920-06-06

how the functions of all animal life un-
dergo changes to get food As last as their
teeth developed for the purpose the huger
sauropods grew in proportions. N would
not be surprising II further excavations a
the Colorado formations, say by miners.
should unearth slNeaetons much larger.
even twice as iarce Since so far, the sur.
face has only been scratched
aid in digging up roots IN the lake mud
In SO doing he deTeloped tong heavy clsSs
on them, and hence the necessity for brain
control NJ the top Of his forelegs His
hind feet had 10 hold hin down while he
was digging. The result was thst the hind
feet became semiflat without much IN
the clav line When the hind feet flat
tcnea out sufficiently. later camarasaurus
could stand On them without sinking much
IN the mud The flat HAD feet also en-
abled them when on shore. TO stand on
them, with the aid OF the hinge tan. tripod
fashion. and reach much further up into
the succu1ent foliage of the trees When
some carnivcrous enemy. hoping 90 catch
the herbivorons creature ashore. attempted
10 seize him the, camarasaurus swiftly
swung on the pivot OF his tan and sprang
back INTO the svampy lake and Its shelter
Of water and mud
The skeleton OF oamnrasaurus seems 10
divide itself into three nearly equal parts.
say 10 feet each OF mech ana head. back
and body, and tail. II seems 20 be charac-
teristic OF animals. even to-day. that
long neck prcdicates small head. You
The Washington times., 1920-06-06

Curator Of Paleontology; DR. w. X Greg
ory, evolutionist; Or. c, C. Nook anatom-
ist. aided by Erwin Ohristnan, animal
sculptor The bulsing. tremendous
muscles were weried by Gregory vino
with Christman and Osborn. executed the
portraiture as I'm Life. Professor Osborn
states: Il belieye the heads separately
and the appearance as in life of the rep
rile ss q whole. TO be the most scientific
portraits OF great dinossur and the most
probable likenesses that have yet been
executed
Professor Osborn says that "camarasu.
rus lived 15.0e0.0oo years ago. Hereto
fore. under the walcott tables. dinosaurs
originated 100000 years ago, and were
the dominant animals on earth up to
3,OO0OD0 years ago. Very recently. Dr.
Thomas Crowder Chamberlain. geologist
of the Chicago University. and one OF the
sreatest scientists i'm his line, demonstrated
that all geological time tables must have
radical revision. ms he had positive evi
denoe that the hrsf saaciai period was
Seoo.p0e years aga. prior TO the Cam
brian Age. Under this revfsion- II CANA
rasaurus was the dominant reptile 49,
teeeee years ago, the feotpriEds Of the
hrst known dinosaurs found IN che Con
uecttcut Valley would have 10 be set back
from 100000 years ago 60 $4,000 900
years ago In other words the new tables
make everything twice rs old as formerly.
We are dealing here. then. vita an
utterly new conception Of earth Me The
gigantic camarsssur NJ seems, was the
dominant animal for q period estimated
a. S,eee0e0 years, at time when hereto
lore We were led TO believe that there
were only smphibians, precursors Of rep
Tiles, on earth, snd none OF these OF very
large dimensions And what Is more, the
four savants say:
Our general conclusion Is that this
dinosaur was very broad. massive, slow
moving sauropod (lizard-footed)- fact,
the most massive reptile IN proportions
tnat ever has been found"
The double row OF teeth are entirely
dltterent from what one would expect In
any reptile or other animal They are
spoon-shaped the spoons bending In
When the mouth opened and shut these
teeth worked precisely like the scoop OF
. modern dredge Undoubtedly, the first OF
nis Kind 10 be evilved, he had amphibisn-
, tCI 1890 International Feature scrvice Inc.
The Washington times., 1920-06-06

The camarasaur had no particular need
OF skull brains He had nothing much 10
think about except getting several tons OF
food daily into his caveTnous body ana an
occasional escape from his enemies Be
cause of the smailness Of the opening Of
fis mouth and the tube down his throat.
the process OF swallowing so much food
was slow and undoubtedly kept him at
work daily much Longer than our longest
union hours This facl aided in his later
ana complete extinction As his favorite
swampy lakes were upiifted and drained all
those of his kfnd not buried outright we're
unsbIe to find foods soft enough to force
down the long. slerder throats
Ire Is another pecuiiHrity DR. Nook
t,oss,,s ,sses just a fragmear OF the skin Of
che camarasaur. II appears TO have been
smooth and Shiny. yet with honey ossicles
ON a. n you look at an alligator you will
note that his heavy hide Is marked of in
plates Not thus with the camarasaur n
Is not known Just whs; function these
honey ossicles on his sksn stand for prob
ably preventstives OF some kind OF irrita
ton by the heavy plant life. prickles or
briars possibly. certainly not as protection
against fits enemies. any carnivore ~
which would have bitten right through
him.
Camarssaurus had several other pecu.
barities all hts own His neck instead Of
sticking out from the spper part of his
body curved and broadened downward to
the trunk above the fore legs Like yiso
his tail broadened downward TO the point
The Washington times., 1920-06-06

w. J HAT was perhaps Natures most
w curious experiment in brain max.
W.. ing, millions of years before she
evolved mans organ of thought, has just
been revealed by scientists studying the
fossil remains OF a most interesting extinct
monster called the camarasaurus. ~
The camarasaurus had three brains, One
was In his head. the second was located I'm
cavity of the spinal column just between
the foreshoulders. The third was located
in the sacrum, or section of the backbone
between the massive upper joints of CANA
rasatifhs's back legs-or what in man
wobld be the hips
Bntnwhat is still more astonishing, the
brain in the head was almost inconsider
able in weight and siZe-being no larger
than a hens egg and weighing about two
ounces-while the brain above the back
legs probably weighed almost two pounds!
Even the middle brain topped the head
brain by almost a pound. The latter was.
indeed so small that it was hardly more
than bulb at the tip of the spinal cord.
While, therefore, at first glance It would
seem taat an animal endowed with three
bralps ought to have been so intelligent
ihat,lt could have ruled earth at least as
zen as man with his one brain, analysis
f the organs, their position and compare.
i've magnitude shows that they certainly
wcrent arranged just right for intellectual
victories.
AS matter Of fact, N spite OF his triple
endowment, he was the prize bonehead OF
old earth. DIR. w. D. Matthew, OF the
American Museum Of Natural History in
New York. describes him as a thing "d,.
rectedr wholly by instinct, a slow. knowing
animal automaton." Its skeleton has been
mounted In the museum. together with a
large model cast in bronze, OF the reptile
as he is believed to have looked in life.
There is little in nature to-day with
whirhcto compare this dinosaur, and there
arenfew creatures OF the past that had
manycof his characteristics The skeleton
Is ~ feet long from tip OF snout to tip Of
tailv,is II feet high at the shoulder. with
the head towering 20 feet above Che floor
The Washington times., 1920-06-06

like teeth for cutting
food. This dinosaurs
tood-in fact the only
food he could get at the
time = was VEGETATION
growing In swampy
lakes and the leaves Of
the over'hangins trees
along the shores
Cutting teeth were
not sufficient for inning
the rapidly expanding
bodies Of these rapidly
increasing saHropods.
Cutting teeth could
snip of the vegetation
in part. but were not
adapted to the suocu
lent roots down in The
mud. So we have here
one of the most per
feet illustrations pf
The Washington times., 1920-06-06

will note the same
characteristic in human
beings. more especially
n women. There is the
difference, however, in
that the giraffe, with
rong neck and short
head and the woman
with long neck ana
small head, have good
brains, while our CANA.
rasaur was not so pro-
vided. The neck of the
camarasaur had to be
extended In process
OF extension his head
constantly reduced in
size to make for longer
reaching neck.
The Washington times., 1920-06-06

oluOou ul . III udt
ries in the deadly
embrace of carni-
vorous dinosaurs,
showing that they
were rather easy
prey. The fossil
skeletons tell us
how the carnivore
killed and ate the
herbivore. Not so
- chic Aorn uTa
The Washington times., 1920-06-06

above his hind legs. instead of sticking
out at the top of his body.
The whole animal seems TO merge irtO
one massive structure, in which every C..
tion is massive except the top of the ne. i,
the head and the lower end OF he . 7.
Even the last ramed did not end in -
whip lash Mos. dinosaurs have en .'icr
shorter fore limb J. much like our cr!us !
hands in skeletclic structure al" "d'
No SO with camarasaurus. He stood en
his fore legs and they were leg, like
mammal He certainly looks like fighter
from Fightersville He must have made an
ugly cash on an enemy with his fore legs
and big claws. He may nave swung his
massive tail with knockout blow. His
shoulders and hams look Sullivanic. We
find nearly all other types OF herbivorous
The Washington times., 1920-06-06
/, By DR.. w. II. BoIfou.

W. HAT was perhaps Natures mos
A curious experiment in brain max
NAN.-. ing millinns of wears hefnra she
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1920-01-23

county. finished stripping his tobacco
this week. The strippers say that Mr..
Cooper will have 5000 pounds of a fine
grade. He will place It on the market
at Lexington In February
Mrs. Russell Hager and son, Nat
Halstead, returned Saturday from u
visit with relatives In Bardstown. They
We're accompanied home by Mrs Ha-
gers sister Miss Martha Porter Hal
stead.
u. Mart Hager, Of Cliff, Is the guest
of relatives here this week. Mr.. Hager
has just returned from visit to his
daughter in the State of Washington
Miss EXer Robinson has accepted n
position with the Paintsville National
Bank as stenographer, Miss Robinson
has been with the Consolidation Coal
Co, at Van Lear for the past year
Asa Williams, of Charleston, w. Va,
is the guest of friends here this week.
Young Williams lived in this city with
Ills parents for few years and later
moved to Charleston.
Mrs. w l., Gamble and children, OF
jenkins, are the guests of Mr. and Mrs.
John =. Buckingham and Mrs. Martha
Jane Davis this week.
Ben Adams, 20. OF Paintsyllle, and
Mahala Webb. Is. Garrison, KY, We're
married In Catiettsburg.-Her
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1920-01-23
PRESTONSBURC
Passes AWAY.

Passes Away.
On Thursday morning, January Is,
1920, death entered the home OF Hon.
w, t. Mellon. one of the most respect
ed citizens of Prestonshurg, and took
him to the great beyond. His serious
illness was not generally known and
II was a great surprise when the news
was spread early Thursday morning
that the end had come
Mr.. MELONS, father was Patrick Mel
Ion. who came and settled in this coun-
~ below Prestonsburg, from Ireland in
the year of 1915. Mr., Mellon was born
in 1898, and was nearly 81 years of
age, EARLY in life he learned the car
penter's trade. and his handiwork is
seen in nearly every house OF note in
Prestonsburg, He retired from active
work about ten years ago He was
police judge Of the city of Prestons-
burg for good many terms of onice,
and IN all occupied this otfice FOR about
20 years, He was a Confederate vet
eran in the Civil war
Both his father and mother came
from Ireland MIR Mellon married the
daughter of James J. Hamilton, re-
spected farmer. who had lived for
many years on Middle creek, and left
a large family of children. MIR Mel
Ions widow, therefore, Is widely re-
lated In this county.
Mr.. Mellon leaves his widow Mrs
Banner; James Mellon. y. c. Mellon,
Lena Mellon; w T. Mellon, Jr, OF
Henry Mellon, J, II. Mellon and Iu-
cretia Hale. OF Louisa. and three
daughters, Mrs. Jas. Nunnery. Mrs G..
II. Dyer and Mrs. O. w Vance are
dead.