davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10
Conduct of National Political Campaign
Business Undertaking of First Magnitude

for the democratic party and can
didates into the hands of the party
workers.
The speakers bureaus of both
democratic and republican organi-
cations are quite appropriately
under the command Of United
States senators. Senator Pat Har-
rison of Mississippi is chairman of
the democratic speakers bureau
and Senator Harry New of Indiana
is chairman of the republican bu-
reau. Senator Harrison does his
directing from New York and SEN
on his list some 1000 or 5000
speakers. OF course, many Of these
are local, in that they do not
travel from state to state. Per-
haps 500 Of the speakers are sent
on interstate trips. Their expenses
are paid, and It is said that the re-
publicans pay some of their speak
ers salaries The democrats deny
that they pay a cent to their
speakers other than their expenses.
X + k*
Gov. James NJ. Cox, democratic
running mate. Franklin D. Roose-
Welt. have been burning up the
rails since their nominations in
for such trips are tremendously
expensive. The republicans have
saved money in this regard, for
Senator Harding has spent most
of his time on his front porch in
Marion, Ohio. But he is getting
into the travelling game these last
few weeks. Each presidential can
didate when he travels has three
or four special cars for his party.
which includes official stenographers,
newspaper reporters. photographers.
etc.
The bill for postage in the case
Of both committees is enormous.
For instance. the finance bureau Of
the democratic committee has sent
thousands upon thousands of cir
culars and letters out requesting
contributions. Every contributor
receives an individual receipt,
even though he has sent to the
committee only a fifty-cent piece.
The republican headquarters
maintains a research bureau-un-
der it's publicity department. All
kinds of information. records of
are gathered by this bureau.
Queries come from all parts of the
country. Just one sample. While
I was at the republican headquar-
ters a letter from the editor of a
newspaper came in asking il the
committee could kindly inform him
If the democratic administration
had purchased two million pairs
of handouts for the use of the
Army during the war. All of these
queries are answered.
X i.
In the pas 1t has been the prac-
tice to scrap" these great cam
paign organizations when the ma
tional campaign was over. and to
rebuild them once every four
years There is no doubt but
what this practice has resulted in
much waste. in that it costs money
to train new employees and valu-
able data have been lost or de-
stroyed. There is some talk in the
republican camp, at least, of
maintaining considerable or
ganization even if the republicans
are successful at the polls. Such
an organization will be useful in
combating the assaults which are
bound to be made upon the next
administration by the defeated
party.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10
BY MARGARET B. DOWNING

Y HEN the secretary of state
M of Chile. Senior Luis Aldu-
" " nate, issued general invi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10

Senator Hiram Johnson of California and
Senator Borah of Idaho will lead the pro-
gressives. The Non Partisan League will
have senator in the next Senate, DIR. Laid
of North Dakota. He will vote with the re-
publicans to keep the democrats from Or
ganizing the Senate, if there is close
division, but after that he will not follow
the dictates of republican CAUCUS 1mme-
diately after election the progressives of
California will rally to the support of Sena-
tor Johnson and the republicans of that state
will be led by him
Senator La Toilette of Wisconsin will be
in the Senate and will not align himself with
the old guard. His candidate for the sena-
torial nomination, Thompson, has filed as an
independent candidate at the polls, running
against the regular nominee, Senator Len
root, with the support of the Non-Partisan
League in Wisconsin. The republicans count
upon the expected Harding landslide to carry
Senator Lenroot back to the Senate, but in
that event, the old tenement in the party
ator Lenroot is progressive himself and
not to be tied up irrevocably with the old
guard, after organization of the Senate is
perfected.
There is great restlessness among the
farmers of the west, the prevailing spirit be-
ing recognized by old-time politicians as
something akin to the granger and populist
movements of the past. Neither of the old
parties can claim the farmer vote as its own
from now on. The farmers were the back
bone of the old republican party for years,
but they are backsliding, powerfully. The
farmer and labor party, now forming may
not appeal to them in this election, but the
germ of the new association is alive. When
prices of farm products begin to fall while
labor costs keep up and all that the farmer
uses scales high, more unrest is expected.
Labor in the west is showing decided
inclination to flock by itself, away from the
old parties. Everywhere are heard grum-
blings from labor that it cannot expect either
of the old parties to play its game to the
extent demanded. Samuel Gompers' admoni-
tion to organized labor to favor the demo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10
Tenants on Farms of Nation
a Growing American Menace

Along with the decadence of Ameri-
can agriculture comes a twin evil
.the tenant farmer" who is fastening
The decay of rural life in the United
states. according to DR.. Bernhard
Ostrolenk, widely known agriculturist
and director of the National Farm
School. near Philadelphia.
Tn $780," he said. only rs per cent
of our farmers were tenants. In 1910
AZ per cent were tenants. and within
thirty years half of the farmers in
the United States will be tenants I'M
less we find some means of back
firing this menace to the solidity of
our farming communities
"In the state of Illinois alone. where
farms have the highest value per acre
If any in the country, Al per cent are
tenants. 1t is significant that in all
states where farm land is gaining in
v.lue tenancy is on the increase. The
tenant does not keep live stock-he
..oes almost exclusively into grain.
which exhausts the soil He cares
nothing for the farm, for he does not
own II, and his mission is to flch all
Of the goodness out of the soil. So
ne mines the farm. and when he
thinks he has squeezed everything
worth while out of it he abandons it
and rents another farm and resumes
the same destructive process. What
cares he if he is depicting the soil for
posterity?
The tenant farmer scorns scientific
methods, for he is building for his
own pocketbook, and not for the fu-
ture Yearly these thoughtless, self
ish tenant farmers are casting into
the discard hundreds of derelict farms
lands which are almost beyond re-
demption from the standpoint of food
production, They are squirting the
exodus of Disguised and heart-sck
a griculturists from the farms to the
cities. and if this situation continues
we must witness a disintegration OF
our national life. Only by UNFOLDING
our supremacy as a self sustaining
country can we hope to hold our own
in the contest of nations.
We have only to pursue tho history
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10
BY N. o. MESSENGER.

n addition to the two recognized GER
tainties of this world-death and taxes
politicians are disposed to propose
third, to wit, assurance of a far
reaching reorganization of political parties
and party lines after the presidential cam
paign of this year.
All political observers who have been in
contact with the voters in the past four
months have been made aware OF this COM
ing change Unrest dissatisfaction with
things as they be, lukewarmness toward can
didates, Impotence with old political tenets,
are observable on all sides. The terms re
publican" as construed in the days of Nc
Kinley, Harrison and Lincoln, and demo
crat" as in the times of Cleveland or Jack
son have lost their potency to hold men in
party line. The words do not mean the same
these days, and promise to mean less after
this campaign is ended.
Between the Allegheny mountains and
the Pacific coast there is profound dsloca-
ton of party alignments. 1t is to be OBJ
served with labor, with the farmers, with
the people of fixed salaries. For the pur-
pose of this election, the voters are COM
PEELED to choose between the two old parties
except labor, which, as sure the sun
rises, is going to roll up mighty vote I'M
der the banners of the farmer and labor
party, the socialist party and other indie
pendent movements.
The Non-Partisan League, which, in
furtherance of its project, has affiliated with
the democratic party in some states and the
republicans in others, will disband the part
nership Immediately after election and be-
gin to take over the concern in its own
name.
The progressives within the republican
party, are as alert and as militant as when
their leader, Col. Roosevelt laid down his
life. They will measure strength with the
old guard upon the very first occasion. They
are with the regulars now because it is the
only way to throw off democratic control in
the nation. They will assuredly be up in
arms at the first move of the reactionaries
in Congress, and they fully expect to be
called upon to assert themselves.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10

send out some seventeen DOCKS
Autographs, campaign buttons ana
advertisements. Scott G. Bone
former Washington and Seattle
editor, is the head of the repubh-
can publicity bureau.
The director of the demoGratlc
publicity bureau is W. j. Cochran,
formerly Warrington newspaper
correspondent. The democrats
have some 10000 publications on
their list-2,00O daily newspapers
and 10000 weeklies-to which they
send their bulletins. Printing and
postage, not to mention the writ
ing Of these bulletins. Will run the
cost way up in G. Both national
committees have a score or more
of trained newspaper men in their
employ. The directors Of the bu-
reaus are in effect managing editors
of newspapers with big circulation
Campaign buttons are a costly
item in the publicity campaign.
81 thousand, and millions OF them
are sent broadcast through the
land. The democratic publicity bu-
reau also makes all the contracts
for advertising placed in the news
papers and weekly publications.
Paid advertising has become big
feature of the campaign.
The political campaign is con-
Quoted much as a battle. For this
reason the national committees do
not spare expense when they be-
lieve that quick action is needed.
They use the telephone or the tele-
graph, instead of the mails, very
frequently. Both committees have
leased wires between the New York
and Chicago headquarters. and
have many trunk lines for tele-
phone running into their respective
offices.
with some 100000 women in
the country Of voting age. and the
majority of them to have their first
opportunity to vote for presiden-
tial electors this fall neither party
is overlooking any bets in their
efforts to line up the women. The
democrats were the first to estab-
lish a woman's bureau in connec-
ton with their organization. Way
back in 1912. when President Will
son was a candidate for the first
time on the democratic ticket, Mrs.
j. Borden Hartman of New York
was at the head of a woman's bu-
reau for the democrats. In 1912
the republicans took leaf out Of
the democrats book and opened up
a woman's bureau, too. but with
man at its head. This year the
womans bureau Of the republican
national committee is headed by
Mrs Harriet Taylor Upton. whose
headquarters are in Chicago. and
the democrats woman's bureau is
headed by Mrs. George Bass. Incl
dentally 1t may be mentioned that
the republicans are getting out an
eight-page paper twice a week for
the women, called the Woman Re-
publican.
The republican publicity bureau
gives two mat services to 800 or
1000 newspapers and weekly pub
locations. including cartoons.
X X X X
The organization bureau of the
democratic national committee
plays a very important part in the
campaign. 1t is in effect the me-
dunn of contact between the ma
tional committee and 100. 900 state.
county and precinct committeeman.
The bureau sends letters. litera-
ture and buttons to all the COM
mitteemen: it puts the Arguments
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10
BY G. GOULD LINCOLN.


TIME business of running a
national political campaign
in the United States today
is taxing the best brains Of
the country. Efficiency and the
greatest return for the money ex-
pended are demanded, just as they
are in other big business" VEN
lures. The republican organiza-
ton, to use a business term, is at
tempting to SELL the country re-
publican ideas and principles and
a republican administration for
the next four years. The demo-
cratic organization, on the other
hand, is trying out the same methods
for its own party.
In the campaign of 1920 the ef-
forts Of both parties are more CEN
traliZed than ever before. The
national committees Of both the
republicans and the democrats are
the agencies through which they
are operating. The chairmen Of
these committees are the field
marshals, conducting the political
war-it is nothing less. 1t is
vastly different proposition-this
running national political cam
paign-from what it was score
of years ago. In those days the
national committees were looked
upon as collecting agencies-the
angels" for the state and county
organizations. Much more was left
to the initiative and conduct of the
various local organizations.
* ~
The war taught the politicians
number of new wrinkles. They
know more about propa ganda and
its value in an offensive; they know
more about concerted drives" to
raise money. The value of pub
licity is not new to the political
leaders, but the manner in which
1t is handled today is new.
When the ordinarily intelligent cit
lzen reads that the republicans are
to spend s3.079,037 through the ma
tional committee in the campaign,
and the democrats are to spend 81
000.000-if they can get tit is not
unnatural that the thought should
arise. how can it be done without
corruption of one kind or another?
But the men who are conducting
these big operations will tell you
that, with the organization plan now
followed. it would be possible SO as
to expand the business as to spend
$100,000,00 and yet not pay for a
single vote The expenditure of such
an unreasonable sum. however.
might easily result in unfair influ-
ence upon the public mind. One of
the things puzzling leaders in both
parties today is how to frame a law
which will put a crimp in excessive
campaign expenditures.
The organizations in the republican
and democratic camps are not dis
similar. The republican national COM
mittee, for instance, is maintaining
headquarters in New York. Chicago,
Washington. San Francisco and Den
yer. The democratic national COM
mittee has headquarters in New
York, Chicago, Washington and San
Francisco. They both have we'll or
ganized bureaus, or departments, op-
Grating along similar lines. The re-
publicans have their finance depart
ment-ways and means committee
they call it-under Col. William
Boyce THOMPSON Of New York. Thu
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10

department merely raises the money
and has nothing to do with its ex-
penditure, which comes under Fred
w. Upham of Chicago, the treasurer.
They have also a publicity bureau,
a speakers bureau, woman's bu-
reau. labor bureau, foreign-born citi-
Zens' bureau, agricultural bureau,
negro bureau. There are moving
picture and theatrical divisions con-
nected with the publicity bureau.
The democratic organization has
it's finance department. too. with w.
D. Jameson at its head, and, in addi-
ton to this, it has a committee head
ed by Judge Gerard, former United
States ambassador to Germany, in
New York, engaged in raising funds,
very similar to the republican ways
and means committee. Other bureaus
and departments of the democratic
organization are publicity. speakers,
organization, and women's bureaus.
These are the major divisions of the
democratic organization. Then, too.
there are a naturaliZed citizens bu-
reau, a farm bureau, a labor bureau,
a soldiers bureau. a progressive-m-
dependent bureau. a clubs bureau
and first voters bureau.
Then, of course, there are the
offices of the national committee
chiefs themselves. Will Hays.
chairman of the republican ma
tional committee, divides his time
between the Chicago and New
York headquarters. An effort has
been made this campaign to fix
upon Chicago as the grand head
quarters, but it base been hard to
get away from New York. George
White, the democratic national
chairman, spends most of his time
in New York, though he travels to
Chicago frequently.
In Washington 1.-The republican
national committee headquarters
are located in the Munsey build
ing. and the democratic headquar-
tiers are in the Woodward building.
though they have some additional
outlying offices. 1t is estimated
that the democrats occupy some
10000 square feet of office space
in Washington, and probably be-
tween $1,000 and 10000 feet of Of
flee space in New York. In New
York the democrats have offices in
the Grand Central Palace and in
the murray I'LL I1Otcl. AC 1Cpup-
licans' headquarters are in the
Berkeley building, on 14th street,
and it is estimated they have $4,000
feet Of floor space. The republican
headquarters in Chicago are To-
Gated in the Auditorium Hotel, and
the democratic are in the Consum-
ers' building. on South State street.
With rents at the present high
figure, it 10 easy to see that both
committees will have big expenses
merely for their quarters. Several
hundred persons are employed in
the New York headquarters of
both parties.
X
The publicity bureaus Of these
organizations will cost them more.
in the long run. than any of the
rest of their activities. Chairman
Hays Of the republican outfit esti-
mated when he appeared before
the Senate committee investigat-
ing campaign expenditures recent
ly that the republican national
committee would pay out for pub
licity not less than $1.346.500. This
will cover the news service to
republican newspapers and week.
lies. pamphlets text beoks-they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10
MEXICAN COTTON RAISERS
EXPECT BUMPER CROP
Believe Product Will Net Them
More Than 100000.

more Inan @oOO,OOO. >
The cotton manufacturing industry
is easily Mexico's leading industry.
In the years from 1900 to 1912, E. r.
Craig. a recognized authority on the
Mexican cotton industry, calculates
that native mills consumed from 800
600 to 10000 bales of cotton per
year. while production in the Laguna
district during the same period aver
age 10000 bales. This year very ia
vorable conditions have obtained
throughout the district in which most
OF the cotton is grown, and Is be-
lieved that fully 100000 bales will be
Of the cotton is grown, and it is be-
lieved that half will be used at home
and half exported. netting the grow
ers more than $50, 900. 900 in American
money.
Cotton-growing methods in Mexico
are generally quite different from
those used in the United States, but
there is no doubt in the minds Of
cotton experts who have studied the
matter that in addition to the La
guna district. whore most of the pres
emit crop is being raised. there are at
least four other districts in Mexico
where cotton cultivation on a very
large scale is feasible. With world
cotton interests seeking for additional
sources of raw cotton supplies. Mex
leo stands ready to contribute an OPP
portunity that may he found second
only to the cotton raising section Of
thu United States,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10
ny WILL p. KENNEDY.

A MEXICAN business is going to
~ ask aid from Congress In the
~ incoming session to develop
foreign markets for goods
manufactured in the United States. for
which markets must be found or this
country will be in grave danger of in
dustrial depression.
Increased appropriations for foreign
trade development will be sought for
three reasons: % because goods are
being manufactured in this country
faster than they are being sold; (2)
European nations are recovering from
the war and coming into close COM
petition with American manufacturers
and exporters: (3) great potential
reservoirs of commerce are to be
tapped, and the American business
men want this country to get fair
share of such trade-as matter OF
protection as well as profit.
Impressed by these conditions. the
orpanized business men of this coun-
try have made their demand for CO.
operation upon the Department OF
Commerce and the other government
establishments concerned with for
eign trade. These federal agencies
are willing in spirit. but have already
gone the limit with funds available;
they cannot do more unless Congress
provides the funds.
VIII Ask for S1,5OO.O00.
AS a result of conferences with the
trade and industrial leaders and guild
ed also by official reports regarding
trade and economic conditions from
their own agents, the bureau OF for
eign and domestic commerce will ask
Congress for $1,5oo.o00 during the
next fiscal year instead of $4,000
during the present fiscal year. for de-
velopment of foreign markets.
The records, both those assembled
by private enterprise and by the gov
ernment. show that foreign trade is
commencing to drop off. During the
war and during the last year, while
most of the world was recovering
from the war, the United States did
not have to bid for trade in other
countries because buyers were crowd
ing to these shores.
But now the big after-war demand
10 slackening. The American manu-
featuring plants have pretty well
caught up on the accumulated de-
mand. The American people have
Stacked OF in their domestic pur-
chases; because while there is still
demand for all sorts OF goods it is
not at the high prices at which much
of the goods have been manufactured
so the American people are abstain
ing from buying much more than
they can help. On top of this comes
the growing competition of indus
trial nations throughout the entire
world, which are making unprece-
dented efforts to take commanding
place in world trade. The American
manufacturers foresee that during
the next fiscal year they will need
foreign markets badly. and must have
all the help that Uncle Sam can give
in developing those markets.
Fund for Promoting.
A special large fund is to be asked
from Congress for promoting COM
MERGE The appropriation for the pres
emit fiscal year is s325.oo0. but for
next year 100000 will be asked. Out
of this are paid the trade commits
sioners who are making investiga-
lions in Europe and the district Office
service in this country.
By the time that appropriation
would be available it is estimated
that Russia would be opened up. Sew
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-10-10

of European countries to sense the
peril of tenant farming. 1t will sap
the manhood and the independence of
any nation. We cannot allow it to go
on. We must see to it that our agri-
cultural communities are made up en-
tirely of thousands Of Independent
farmers. who serve as a bulwark for
the liberties of any nation. And we
need scientific farmers, too-men who
will know how to get the very best
out of the soil and keep the soil re-
suffer-"
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1920-07-28

grasses in the cornfields. or in grass
like grains. If the stand is not too
thick for the worms to be reached
easily by the insecticide, it should be
sprayed with mixture of 1 pound of
powdered arsenate of lead to 80 GAL
Ions of water, or if the paste form is
used, pounds to so gallons of water.
When the worms begin feeding on
corn, they usually attack the bud of
the plant first A mixture of
pounds of powdered arsenate of lead
or to 4 pounds of the paste to so
gallons of water is required, and the
spray should be applied so as to force
the fluid deep into the bud of the corn.
If Paris green is used in place of ar
senate of lead, lime must be added to
prevent burning. The formula is,
Paris green 10 ounces, freshly slaked
lime pounds, water so gallons. APP
piled to growing crops, arsenate of
zinc also requires a mixture Of lime
to prevent burning. The formula for
the arsenica1. is, 1 pound Of chemical,