The Concordia sentinel. (Vidalia, Concordia Parish, La.) 1882-current, 1920-01-10

Il
RUNNING TO FIXTURES
a pump cannot be placed so that the limiting
suction lift will not be exceeded it is Necessary
to lower the pump cylinder into the well, raising
the water from the cylinder to the spout by the
direct lift of the piston. Water can be pushed
more easily than it can be pulled, hence, rather
than resort to extreme suction lifts it is prefer
able to lower the cylinder to within Is feet or
less of the supply, still better to submerge it.
Where water is discharged against pressure a
force pump is necessary. practical nstalla-
ton for the kitchen sink is combined suction
and force pump which will be found great "a
bOr~ Saver for the housewife.
Deep-Weff Pumps.
Deep-well pumps are heavier and stronger than
those described above They may be of the lift or
force type and the standard working head is
always directly over the well. The cylinder
should be near (withn - feeE) else below
water level which pumping and drought may Gre
ate. Submergence is the preferable arrange
ment. In all installations the size of the pump
ing cylinder must be determined from the size
depth, and yielding power of the well, the quon-
tity of water required. and the available power.
Deep wells and hand or WINDMILL outfits take
small cylinders.
Pumping by means of compressed air is very
old, but the systems used prior to 1909 required
the air supply to be turned on or shut off accord
Ing to whether or not the water was needed.
Based on a patent granted in that year. two
cylinder air displacement pump submerged in the
wafer supply and controlled by the opening and
closing of the faucet was devised The essen
( a! parts of installation, besides such a pump.
are an mir compressor storage tank engine mo-
tor-with air and water pipes. and minor attach
ments. The pump operates only when water is
used starting whenever q faucet is opened and
continuing until all faucets closed
The chief advantage of air-dsplacement pumps
is that water may be taken from ordinary depth
or lateral distance, from several sources. with
one power outfit and delivered direct from the
well TO the faucet The power plant may he
located wherever convenient and as many pumps
may be used as there are sources of water Bot
hard and soft water may be delivered by using
two pumps and the necessary piping systems.
Acknowledgement pumps are not adapted at pres
emf to lifts much over 125 feef or to wells Joss
than three inches in diameter, nor can they be
Used where more water is required than the
well can supply within specified period. Air
pipes and air-dsplacement' pumps must be tight
and remain tight in service, and working parts
must be kept in good order.
Horsepower Needed.
Water may be raised by hand, windmill ny
draulic rams, steam. hot air. gas, internalcom
bustion engines, or electric motors. Hand power
Is unsuted to large supplies or high lifts. Wind
mills are probably the most familiar type of me-
chanicaI power used. and often are arranged 70
start and stop automatically Gasoline and oil
engines are we'll adapted to farm pumping. anu
may he equipped TO stop of any desired pressure
in n supply tank The use of electricity fol
pumping is increasing The method is ciean
quiet, and convenient and starting or stopping q
distant pump by throwing a switch may be pea"
teal wherever transmission lines are sufficiently
near.
The theoretical horepnower needed TO raise
water is found by multiplying the gallons pumped
in one minute by the total lift in feet, includ rs
friction in both suction and discharge nipes an6
then dividing the product by 1900 The h'rse
power rs computed, should be multiplied by iron
two TO four TO overcome losses in pumping anc
still allow for reserve of power. Ordinarily
one to two horsepower engines are sufficient fOl
farm pumps but il is always safest to determine
this point by computation.
An advantage to be derived from the Weil1n
stalled farm water system often overlooked Is th'
benefit it affords in the way Of fire prevention
With relatively small expenditure, fixtures can b'
added to pipe system, which give ready acces
to the water supply for fighting flames. In al
most every case a fire can be easily put out
discovered at its early stage, providing there
fire-fghting apparatus near by, ana an h'hfiS
even the children. are taught and drilled TO Us
such apparatus coOlly and slliilfuliy