The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-10-31

the members of the party will go on mule or
pony back. 1t will require two months Of
steady travelling by caravan to reach even
the borders of the Forbidden Land. OF
course pack trains will be sent ahead with
supplies and base will be established, for
it will be at least a year before the return
to Pekin.
1.-THE estimated cost of the expedition is
1000, distributed over a period of five
years. An annual cund of 900 will be
sufficient TO carry on the work in the broad
way which has been outlined One
half of the estimated amount, or $4,000 a
year for five years, has already been guar
arteed by the sponsors for the expedition
and by the generous contributions of Mrs.
Willard Straight, J. p. Morgan. w. Averell
Hartman. Chlds Frick, George F. Baker
and Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Bernhemer.
Further contributions to complete the fund
being received"
No subject has excited more curiosity
among the public than the question of the
antiquity Of the human race. For the last
century bones of man the works of his
hands have been discovered in cave-breccios
and stalactites associated with the remains
of the extinct hyena. bear. elephant or
rhinoceros and forced the inference that the
date of man must be carried further back
than we had imagined
When Man Learned to Walk Erect.
II is now generally admitted that man at
one time lived i'm the trees and crawled
most of the time on all tours. At some
period of the earths history he was forced
to the ground in his search for food. His
brain had been developed by the adventure
OF his arboreal existence. His TAIL of which
rddlment still remains. disappeared and his
body has undergone such changes that II
now stands erect. Nevertheless, the baby
craws about during the early months Of
its life and finally learns TO stand erect and
walk just as man coming out of the trees
learned TO walk erect and use his hands
Reservations of prehistoric man have been
made at various times from the fossils that
have been discovered. Noteworthy among
these attempts to show us what the ape
man or his primitive descendants looked like
are the reconstructions by Prof j. II. Nc
Gregor of Columbia University, exhibited
in the Hall of the Age of Man at the Mu-
scum of Natural History. Thus we can
see there the reconstructed Piltown man
discovered in England that of Neanderthal.
of German origin and the Cro-Magnon, who
is practically the modern man. the homo
sapiens. though he must have lived at least
$4,000 years ago.
Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn Of the Amer
lean Museum of Natural History who is "A
world recognized expert. is OF the opinion
that the Cro-Magnon man drove out the
Neanderthalers. that he fashioned weapons
and slew the great mammoths by driving
them into pits under the goadng OF pointed
stone javelins: that he lived on the flesh OF
the reindeer and the bison and drove the
bears from their homes and possessed him
self of their caves How long ago that was
science has not established
1T is we'll known" says Prof Osborn.
that the great Neanderthal race was widely
spread over Europe in Mousterian times and
the presence OF undoubted human artifacts
of the early Chellean and pre-Chellean
types makes II not impossible that the
race may have existed even in these early
times. Two flint making stations of the
Chellean time have been found in Spain,
nine or ten stations are known in France
and three or more along the Thames in
England"
Now research has established that the
most ancient of the Palaedithc cultural
stages. the Chellean, dates back about 1907
900 years, at which time we find men fash
ioning fints and axes to be used in the
chase as well as in battle.
1T is also well known" adds Prof. Os-
born, that Neanderthal man dominated
western Europe for an immense period of
but that finally between $4,000 and 10000
years ago there appeared a different race
known as the -Magnons, with higher
mentality, with rudments of religious ideas,
with evidences Of ethical development. This
new race riumphed and practically AL