The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1920-04-16
EDITORIAL & PARTY NEWS PAGE

The elemental forms of language NAV be traced to
the animal world. The warning cry of the cock upon
sight OF hawk may be distinguished by anv one from
The call he uses to notify his harem of the discovery of
another fat worm. The purr of a cat is readily dis
tlnguished from its nocturnal OveSOng.
The language of anmas may be said to be vocazed
expression of mental reactions to definite facts in its
environment that may affect the individual for veal or
woe Human language differs from the language of other
animals IN this; it has evolved definite sounds for de-
finite things, while animal language has certain sounds
tor various emotions. A dog howls whines or barks
according to his mood
Human language began in the lower age of savagerv.
evolving from sign and gesture language and marks the
second great achievement Of Without language as
vehicle OF expression high order of thought is DOS
slble No high order of language is possible without
high order OF social development The vocabulary of all
savage tribes is very limited
Thought is mental reaction to experience Man can
not arcuate that which he has not experienced hence
it follows that the greater the social experience the
more ample the individual vocabulary The vocabulary
OF this early age limited for the reason that the
racial experience was limited
Man IN lower savagery had no conscious social or,
ganization. During this age the faint beginning of &
primitive marriage system developed out of promiscuy
Rudimentary forms Of religion also developed in the
form Of Sun dances and kindred nerve reactions
Primitive religions rose from the nerve-reaction
which prlnlltiv man experienced at the coming of the
dawn. 10 tree-dwelling man the night was time
OF terror Large poisonous reptiles gded noiseesslv
through tn trees and mOnstrous caivora prowed along
the ground 70 escape being crushed by the one often
meant being crnched by the other enemy It was thus
that the night time of continuous nerve tension
which was suddenly released at the coming of the LIGHT
manfestng itself by shouting and dancing for now the
enemies were visible and could be the more easily euded
Modern religions still describe evil as darkness and good
as light.
This age Of human history closes with the discover
of the utility Of fire.
y The Men of the Age" by Veny Fairfield Osborne
see a he Stone Age North America, by Moorchead
+') riddle of the Universe"
Inc reader referred TO excelen work the BOgenec
.) Huxleys "Man's Place in Nature '
80 His meat was locusts and wild honey.''-Bble.
Professor Garner in Researches African Apes'
QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER FOUR
What is meant by the savagery9
What is meant by the lower
Name the duration of lower age of savagery
a. What sciences teach Of the history of mani
What is by the archaeology geology biooov
anogeny philogcny7 ''' e''
g. Who Haeckel
T. What is the Law of
snow by illustration other than the text your concert of the
biogenetc law. ONr' " '"'
D. What mans first
TO- What the chief desires of primitive mani
H. Name the foods of primitive man.
. ~ What were the primitive styles in othes9
I3 How did primitive deas9
H. What was mans first achievements Secondf
Is. What s thoughts " ~
16. influence upon the EXPRESSION of thoroh. - /, ,
to the of tOOlso ~' w '"N''
H. u HH Have animals animals any form Of languagea
IT, Give illustrations other than of animal
I9 What causes language grows e'e'
~. Explain the social organization of savagery
Continued next