Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1920-03-26
EARLY SPRAYING
DOES MOST GOOD
George King, Assistant Entomolo
gist of Experiment Station.
Gives Some Advice.

Early spraying Is the DeSt tlHie ioi
dormant spraying according to Mr..
George King, assistant entomologist
Experiment Station, Utah Agricul-
tural College, who states that the abb
cence of foliage in February and
March permits a more thorough appli-
cation and the use of stronger insec-
ticides than would be safe on trees in
leaf.
Dormant spraying is directed a
gainst these pests which may be most
effectively controlled during their
resting stage" says Mr.. King. "Spray-
ing may be done any time after the
leaves drop in the fall, or the winter
when the weather warns up to 40
degrees, Fahrenheit, but it is prefer
able in early spring when the buds
are swelling as at that time insects
become active and the spray is more
fatal to them.
"All sprays used on dormant trees
kill insects by contact rather than by
poisoning them through the digestive
tract. For this purpose many sub
stances are used, all Of which either
interfere with the insects breathing
or corrode it's body or both. Those
commonly used for dormant spraying
are lime sulphur, kerosene, or other
miscible oils and soap sprays used
undiluted or in emulsion.
"Of these the lime-sulphur is dis
agreeable to prepare and use; it
spreads and penetrates poorly, but is
safe, efficient, and has become the
standard dormant spray because of
its wide range or usefulness in con-
trolling nearly all insects that other
dormant sprays control. 1t remains
on the trees in an active condition
extending its usefulness into the sum-
mer a a destroyer of insects, fungi,
and lichens which otherwise infest
them. Nothing is more effective in
controlling San Jose scale and many
related scale insects, the pear tree
psylla, blister-mite, spider mite, and
several other pests. "For those with
small orchards it will probably al
ways be cheaper and better to use the
commercial product, being careful to
follow accompanying directions; how
ever lime-sulphur may be prepared
satisfactorily as follows: Use five lbs
of fresh stone lime 900 per cent or
more calcium oxide;) ten lbs. sulphur
Commercial ground;) about five gal
Ions of water. Place gallon Of wa
ter in the cooking vessel and start To
heat it; the lime and sulphur is ther
/ placed in the vessel (the sulphur may
be made to paste to avoid lumpiness)
as most convenient. Stir them vigor.
ously while the lime is shaking. Ado
water as required to slack the lime
properly until theh gallons are used
Boil about so minutes, stirring fire.
quently, after which the solution
should be of dark amber color. The
total volume of the finished product
should be five gallons. After strain.
I ing out all insoluble material this
stock solution can be kept indefinite.
ly if air is excluded from it.
"For accurate work with lime-sul.
phur Baume hydrometer is a neces.
sity. The formula given should WELD
solution about 26 degrees Baume
and for spraying San Jose scale
should be used one part to five OF
water. By using the same formula
with but 5-8 as much water the finish.
ed product will be more concentrated
and should measure 3 1-8 gallons anC
have concentration Of about 33 deg
Baume. For use dilute this strength
one part to seven of water. These
strengths are for San Jose scale ant
are too strong except for dormant
trees.
Where aphids are troublesome it i.
often practicable to delay the dor,
mant spraying until just as the bud!
are breaking, and by adding forty pei
cent Nicotine Stipulated to the lime
sulphur at the rate of fourth,
pint per 100 gallons of spray, effect
combination treatment for botf
scale and aphids.
"In order TO be successful, spraying
must always be done thoroughly. Il
is always necessary to reach every
part of the tree and for many of oul
worst pests the application must b.
made at a definite and often Limited
time. The fruit grower owes it t
himself to study the pests affecting
his trees sufficiently to enable him t.
inteligently combat them"
Tell adyarfieare tbat ,yo,, eo,,, - Z,