davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1920-12-26
Fish Plays, a Large Part in Many Menus
From Abroad, Italians Especially,
ReIishing 1t

licious dressing known moustarde de Gre
mona.
1T is a mustard and not a mustard" says
Signor Moretti. restaurateur; 'yes, it
tingles a little like a mustard, but 1t does not
bite like a mustard"
This mustard is compounded of fruits,
mustard and other spices, and from descrip-
ton appears to be an extremely palatable
food sauce.
Afterwayd follows fowl. then a tortania
and return to the Burgundy But now the
Burgundy has walnuts floating IN 1t. Sacks of
walnuts are emptied on the hearth, cracked,
and the walnuts placed I'm the Burgundy 1t
is said that the walnuts help the feasters
drink the wine and the wine helps them
digest the walnuts.
The entire menu of the typical central
Italian Christmas dinner may be obtained
at practically any Italian restaurant In the
city. the Italian restaurant business In this
city being almost entirely in the hands Of
men who come from Bologna and the vicn-
ity.
To Latin nations. however Christmas has
not the significance which nations made up
the peoples of German stock attach to 1t. In
South America, France, Spain and Portugal
the festivities do not compare in heartiness
and cheer with the English or Scandinavian
Christmas.
In France for example. notnir- distinctly
Characteristic has been evolved to mark the
holiday Little hangers and the figures
symbolic OF the Nativity are hewn out of
wood or shaped out of clay and sold at the
markets dark brown. gingerbread known
as pain d'epice is sold In great quantities.
The French restaurants will serve a hearty
Christmas dinner on the lines of Thanks
giving feast, but that is all
In Spain and Portugal the celebrations arc
more elaborate. but diners at the Spanish
restaurants on Sixty-fourth street and other
sections of the city will find themselves
served with no dish which could not be OBJ
tained on any other day Of the year. In
The New York herald., 1920-12-26
Return of Greek King Means
Bankruptcy of Allied Policy

Allied policy is. then, bankrupt so far as
Russia is concerned and already, following
Wrangels collapse there has begun a stam-
pede Of nations through the medium of their
nationals to obtain commercial advantages
in the Bolshevist state. And under the
double pressure OF radical elements SYM
pathizing with the Reds and commercial In
terests seeking markets. many Governments
are already preparing to take those initial
steps which can only lead to an ultimate
recognition of that Red Russia which has
never, concealed its purpose to overthrow the
so-called "capitalistic" regime in all western
The New York herald., 1920-12-26

South America this same dearth of Christ
mas customs also exists.
Washington Irving has written some Of
his best pages on English Christmas cele-
brations, and all the little customs of the
British celebrations have been imported into
the United States. The well Drowned turkey
duckling, goose or sucking pig is available
in the United States on Christmas Day. The
cranberry sauce and plum duff are also eaten
here. Only the nut brown ale" and the
heavy demijohn of fiery Scotch are lacking
In Sweden, however. nothing lacks. There
many liquors grace the Christmas board.
Aqua vitm, known the world over. is drunk
and will be drunk this year at Swedish
boards.
From dusk on December "a to dusk on
January 13 the Christmas spirit will reign I'm
the holiday spirit still runs high in Holland
and Germany.
The Swedish feasters will enter their
homes-poor or rich--and first partake Law
shy OF smorgasbord or hors doc 4vres. A
buffet of these will be set md the diners will
help themselves. This custom is still pre-
served at Henri's. the Swedish restaurant in
this city, and more or less faithfully by the
numerous Swedish restaurants on Hamilton
avenue, Brooklyn, and in other parts OF the
city.
The big dish of the evening is lutfisk or
dried cod, and no scandinavian Christmas
is complete without its lutfisk. The hors
d'oeuvre are many. There are salads and
many varieties Of fish. Herrngs and an
chovies and other highly spiced appetizers
are on the buffet Christmas eve.
Julotta Is served in addition to aqua vitn.
but the drink that is most characteristically
of the spirit of Christmas is the delicious
punch called julglogg. II is in the main a
mixture of brandy and port wine into which
eight or nine different spices are dropped Tor
fiavoring. Almonds or raisins are added
from deep bowls which are on the table
Great quantities OF these liquors are con
The New York herald., 1920-12-26

sumed and it is by no means disparaging to
the Swedish people to say that Christmas
eve is spent by great many in slumber at
the very table from which they have dined.
At or 4 o'clock Christmas morning the
sleigh bells jangle and everybody drives or
to church. When they return steaming
hot breakfast awaits them. Christmas Day
is spent at home. but the day after Christ
mas which is also a holiday, the communi-
ties gather.
There is sleighing, skiing, skating and
dancing And on this day the Scandinavians
take pride in announcing their betrothas.
Just as June in this country is the most
popular wedding month, December 26 or
thereabouts is the most popular time FOR
announcing engagements in Sweden
ON January s the day OF the three holy
kings is celebrated and January IL is set
aside as "Knut." or the day on which Christ
mas is driven out. Little plays conveying
the idea OF the exodus OF Jultomte are staged
and everybody takes part.
Russians, too, have an elaborate christ
mas celebration and many foods characteris-
tic of the day. Before the advent of the
Soviets II was customary to weight bunet
with numerous zakuskas or hors dguvres
Beside the hors d'muvres would stand masks
of vodka The company would eat heavily OF
the zalSuskas drink copously of the vodka
and when about three sheets to the wind
wculd sit down 10 n ten COURSE uinuel'
The zakuskas, for the most part con-
sisted of herrings, pickled and dried fish OF
various sorts, such as sturgeon, cod and
salmon Well to do bones would array no
less than thirty of these as a starter for the
Christmas dinner.
Perhaps the most popular Russian dish on
Christmas eve Is roast sucking pig Tradi-
ton requires that It be stuffed with mush-
rooms and buckwheat grain, known as kasha,
and served with horse radish.
ColumplSi is very popular dish for Christ
mas Day In Poland Chopped meat, rolled I'm
cabbage stewtd in the oven and then served
with vegetables in sour cream makes up this
very tasty dish.
On the night before Christmas the Poles
cat plenty of pickerel and cod. For their
cakes and desserts poppy seeds are ground
until they arc perfectly white. then mixed
with honey. This paste is used to stuff
cakes and doughnuts. This is to be found
in only one place in New York, the Russian
Inn.
The New York herald., 1920-12-26
Bv FRANK II. SIMoNDs.

OOKING back over the last twelve
months what must be said of the
L. second year since the termination
Of the World War or. If one prefer. since
the closing of that phase of the continuing
world disturbance which the Germans call
the Five Years War?
Confused and confusing as are the cur
rents which mark this period. there are GER
tain general tendencies which are unmistaI
able. We are in fact, still living in world
dominated by the consequences of the great
est ,ipneavai in all human history. The
struggle of the various peoples to restore
old conference, the efforts of still other races
TO begin life as nations, have as yet fallen
far short of complete and satisfactory sue
cess. If, viewing the world situation gen
orally we seem a little further removed from
the shadow of universal anarchy. of general
revolution, it Is still patent to thoughtful
men and women that our escape has been
narrow and our deliverance still falls short
of finality.
Yet in looking backward over year there
is good reason to feel that we have made a
substantial gain in the direction of world
order or, to put it negatively we are in in
Boshevism. by Russian anarchy, than we
were year ago and, by and large, Bolshe-
Vism and its allied doctrines of chaos have
lost ground in many countries and gained
none in any. At best it has no more than
held it's own in Russia, but that it has done
this continues an pminous fact.
The New York herald., 1920-12-26
Salvaging Paper

c ALVAGING waste paper has become O.
part of well planned system OF edp-
cation for thrift in the public schools
OF st. Louis, where the children are taught
thet great many things that people throw
away are OF real value because they can be
made use OF again. Secretary of Commerce
alexander in Commerce Reports for June
1920, published the results of this campaign
during the school year l919-1920. The work
IS being Kept up during the current year
The proceeds go to the Teachers Benevolent
Annuity Association. formed to aid teachers
VINO retire after long service and to relieve
members temporarily in need
The report says:
Pupils in the 81. Louis public schools
collected and brought TO school 4e41St
rounds Of waste paper during the first quar-
ter. This amount represents an average
contribution Of 494 pounds for each of tn,
100000 children now attending the public
schools If the rate established during the
first quarter is maintained for the balance
Of the year, approximately 1000. 900 pounds
of paper will have been salvaged.
During the week of October 1872 more
than thirty-hve tons Of old newspapers and
magazines were collected by 100000 pupils
IN lS5 public schools according to Stephen
NJ wagner. chairman of the public school
thrift committee This amount is the largest
collected during any one week since the
waste paper saving movement started in
the schools several years ago. and repre-
sents a value Of s1,2114O at present prices
paid for waste paper Receipts for the year
are expected TO exceed greatly those of last
year when a net profit OF st7 30s was real
lied from the sale Of 35S tons"
The New York herald., 1920-12-26


ii dress the crealSing Christmas board
u l. is story well worth telling. par
tcularly now that the Yuetide is actually
here 1t is tale which is peculiarly perth
nent to New York, where so many nationali-
ties are gathered
Where else but in New York do thou
sands of live ees disport themselves in un-
derground tanks. fattening like the Thanks
giving sobblers in preparation for the feast
of Christmas eve?
In the basement Of an Italian fish dealer
on Mott street no less than 1000 eels-four
miles of them-are wriggling and twisting
their eesh way about Ees when fried
constitute capitoni. and to "a Neapolitan
Christmas had better not come if it fail to
bring him his capiton
The eels are caught i'm Long Island. caught
with traps and brought to New York for
storage many weeks i'm advance, for the Ital-
ian housewife buys live eels only. From the
Maine coast and Nova Scotia the fishermen
also bring down to New York sduid or Gala
mai. Add to calamai and capitoni the dried
cod and a southern Italians Christmas feast
is almost complete.
Christmas eve is always time for eating
fish. so decreed by custom. As garnishing
for the fish there are vegetables and spices
galore At most Christmas eve festivities
in italy there is always to be found huge
melons not unlike the Casaba melon.
In central Italy In the vicinity of Bologna
the feast is more elaborate. Out OF the wine
cellars of poor and rich are drawn at this
time Of the year the choicest wines. stored
especially for this occasion. The wine Is
sparkling. effervescent wine resembling Bur
gundy
The Burgundy starts the feast as rule
The first course will probably be clear
chicken broth. Then this will be followed
by capitelli. No good native of Bologna eats
his Christmas without capitelli.
Capiteli is the white meat Of chicken pork
eggs and Spices chopped and mixed, all en-
cased In an inch high Ounce cap made OF
noodles. A whole plate of these little caps
and sauce is served TO the feasting people.
And with the capitelli comes the most de-
The New York herald., 1920-12-26
Lacked Power to Intervene
Either Morally or Actively

The truth bitter but unmistakable, was
that in the presence of the first great threat
of war following the connagration of 1914
the league. which had been created to pre-
vent wars. abdicated. stood aside, turned its
face the other way, continued to occupy it
self with such questions the disposition
of the Aland Islands, while the fires of war
spread from the Baltic to the banks of the
Upper Dniester. Lacking power to intervene
by arms, it lacked power to intervene NOR
ally. proved itself impotent as that other
machinery which had existed in July, 1914.
In searching for an explanation of this
phenomenon one encounters Immediately the
striking circumstances that the league was
paralyzed by the conflicting policies of Brit
The New York herald., 1920-12-26
Lack of Coordination
Postpones Settlement of New Europe

Looking forward to the year which now
opens it will be seen that the great problem
remains the same to-day as twelve months
ago. Actual settlement will be impossible
until French and British policies can be CO.
ordinated alike as to Germany. Russia and
the Near East. Rehabilitation will be de-
layed as long as there is no settled policy
toward both Germany and Russia and until
both of these countries reenter the number
of States which make up a congruous Eu-
rope.
Not impossby we shall in the new
year n restoration of the Anglo French -Ital-
ian alliance. British and French hope that
America will resume her Paris role of part
ner must have been extinguished by the
recent election The experience at Geneva
has demonstrated that only by close coopera-
ton can the great Powers resist the attack
of the small within the league, while the
league itself has patiently lost prestige not
only as a result of the negative facts of the
period preceding the Geneva conference. but
the positive evidence supplied at that gather
ing
In the larger sense the decline of the
authority Of the victorious nations since the
Paris conference has led to international
anarchy. This anarchy has been promoted
by the differences between the great Powers
as well as by the withdrawal of the United
States. What remains would seem to be the
prospect of the prolongation of this anarchy
pending return to some form of the old
Concert of Europe.
Copyright. 1920, On The Mcclure Newspaper
Syndicate.
The New York herald., 1920-12-26
United States as Mediator
Until After the Peace Treaty

AT Paris the United States acted as the
moderator between France and Britain. In
the end we most frequently championed the
British position, but France, seeking and
needing our aid, accepted Anglo-Saxon de-
clsions and the semblance of united front
was preserved. But when the United States
withdrew, when it became more and more
clear that we We're not to return anything
like the old basis, France regained her free
dom. no longer accepted British leadership.
acted for herself. and her statesmen were
driven by national sentiment which threat
ened them with political ruin if they COM
policies. To-day we have only nominal asso-
citation between Britain and France and by
contrast visible divergence on almost every
large question remaining to be settled.
This break between France and Britain
has encouraged Germany to remain insub
ordinate in the face of her accepted obliga-
tions of the Treaty of Versailles. A dominaJ-
ing hatred of France characterizes all Ger
many. She looks to Britain to save her from
France, and, expecting salvation, she ressts
the application of the Treaty of Versailles
In the nature of things it is impossible for
France to impose her views upon Britain.
nor is it more possible for the British 10
persuade or coerce the French. So we have
something approaching a deadlock
Looking at German matters directly. it
may be said that the failure of the Kapp
Putsch in the spring was the most hopeful
single incident. The elections which followed
The New York herald., 1920-12-26


gam in China. some American en-
- gineers were favored by a most ex-
traordinary sight
Near q beautiful temple they came upon
a great company of men. carrying what
seemed to the Americans the most unheard
of cargo-each man two eagles, AL men
snd eagles alike. were seated upon the
ground when the strangers first caught
sight of them, and the men said they werc
taking the birds into Mongolia to recover
their plumage. and that they were kept l.,
Pekin for the purpose of making eagle
feather fans; but other people told the Amer
leans afterward that the birds were being
taken to catch harcs and other game for
:hcir masters, and possibly also to catch
more eagles. Probably both stories were cor
rect.
Presently the men got up and went Oft
carrying their burdens about forty very
large eagles and forty smaller ones. The
smaller birds sat each upon basket dar-
gbne from the mans shoulder pole. Each
basket was apparently full of something or
oljier, the Americans could not see what,
bur the larger eagles sat on the poles at the
other end, and IL was amusing TO see them
turning round and balancing themselves ami
generally settling themselves comfortably
before setting off.
The men seemed not to have the least anx-
oty lest these fierce creatures, with their
powerful beaks. should each take nip out
cf the check nearest them as they went
along
The New York herald., 1920-12-26
in But United
Russian
the in Fighting and Without

ain and France. In truth, the whole year
has been marked by these conflicts France
desired to establish Poland and destroy Boil
shevism, Britain was interested in opening
trade relations with Bolshevist Russia ana
bitterly hostile to all Polish aspirations. in
cludng the most legitimate. France desired
the integral application OF the Treaty OF
Versailles the sole method of obtaining
security and financial solvency. Britain
sought to reopen relations with Germany
and to obtain German conditions favorable
to British industry and was prepared to
urge the modification OF the Treaty of Ver-
sailles. When Germany violated the treaty
and sent troops into the Ruhr, France was
forced to resort to military occupation OF
Frankfort, and this step produced dead
lock between London and Paris
In the Near East Britain sought to apply
the bag and baggage" policy to the Turk,
to dispossess him of his European and Asiat.c
estates, but France, perceiving British con-
troll at Constantinople seeing the Greeks
transformed into the agents of Britain, feel
ing herself not alone outgeneralled in the
Near East but forced into hopeless strug-
gle with the Turks on her Syrian frontiers,
strove to upset the Treaty of Sevres, which
dealt with the Turk, and to restore Turkish
control over lands which had been by the
Sevres settlement alienated.
AS to Russia, as to Germany, to the
whole Near East, French and British policy
differed and French and British statesmen
quarrelled and employed all possible diplo-
matte and propaganda weapons against each
other We had, as a consequence, a multi
tude of Anglo-French conferences a daily
exchange of volleys through the respective
presses. We have to-day, as a consequence
the visible separation of the two great Pow
ers, whose combined and coordinated efforts
might alone bring peace in the Near East
assure settled policy as to Russia and bring
order out of chaos in the German question
We have had open collisions, as over the
Frankfort occupation, veiled thrusts, like the
British conversations with Bolshevist repre-
sentatives and the French recognition OF
Wrangel. And the result has been, the
whole, paralysis, chaos, such as is now dis
closed in the Near East.
The New York herald., 1920-12-26
Even a Year Ago Red Menace
Was Rife in Central Europe

Two years ago, even year ago. the peril
of Bolshevst advance was acute in Central
Europe and far from insignificant in other
portions of the civilized world The possibl-
ty chat Germany would "go Red" that the
smaller States of the middle of Europe would
collapse in anarchy, the unmistakable weak
less in the italian situation, all combined
TO give cause for anxiety. 1t was sick
world which survived the universal war and
there was patent possibility that a relapse
might succeed to that momentary rally
which followed the armistice of Rethondes
Perhaps the best thing that can be said
of the past year is that the world has
lived through it without any material rever-
sion to anarchy. In the winter of 1918-19
European statesmen at Paris said grimly
that if Europe could survive the misery Of
the cold months the greatest peril would
have been passed. The same observation
was made as to the winter of 1919-20, and
now as we approach third winter there
is no one to deny that the general situation
is better than on the edge of the previous
two cold seasons
But if Bolshevism, anarchy, the Russian
Madness has lost ground in the past twelve
months it must be conceded that there has
been marked tendency in most western
nations Of Europe toward the Left. Labor in
Great Britain, although rejecting Lenine has
stretched its hand out to control the foreign
policy of the empire. The workingmen of
Italy have dared to seize manufacturing
plants and demand participation in the di-
rection of great industries, while the Gov
ernment has stood aside powerless to in
tervene.
In Germany. almost more conspicuously
than in any other country, organized labor
has demonstrated its political power by TAX
ing by the throat that reactionary effort
which was the Kapp "Putsch" and prevent
ing the return of old masters by the mere
threat of paralyzing national life Thus
while rejecting the extreme doctrines of
Red Russia, labor and the masses in most
European countries have displayed a grow
ing determination to possess themselves of
political control by economic weapons ami
have demonstrated in many countries, nota-
bly, Britain. Italy and Germany. a strength
which cannot be mistaken.
save in the United States where the war
5id not serve to undermine the existin,
regime, alike by its length. by it's costs and
by the fashion in which II shook public con-
hdence in existing systems and leaders the
year 1920 has seen unmistakable march
OF the masses toward greater political as
well as economic power. And in Great
Britain, where leadership on the whole re-
mains most intelligent, the recognition OF
this fact is disclosed in all the quarters
which used to dominate