davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

screw couplings on pipe that en-
ters watering pot invented by a
Philadelphia woman enable 1t TO be
filtered with hose without any wa
ter being spilled.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

A patent has been issued for
drill equipped with clamps to hold II
in position when II is used to bore
holes in pipes, shafts and other OBJ
jects.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

When you banker for borrowing trouble by
the wholesale just Join crusade to improve
your brothers morals by law
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

Not many people learn to be contented. but
some do the next hest thing-they learn TO
quit making a fuss.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

That crashing sound made when the p
dropped was probably caused by the fall Of u
Hoover boom.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

Funny how the dope writer's seem TO thinl
mat because there IL no boss there can be NJ
leader
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

As n general thing says the Dallas News.
bride can hold her husband under her thumb a
long he holds her on his knees
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

The dark horse nt Chicago seems to be IIar-
mony by y. =. out Of America.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

As We understand II. the oklahoma delegation
was seated near one ~ tho exits.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

We are rather fearful that the result OF tn
North Carolina preferential vote VIII not b
known until II Is too late 10 do any good.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

Those pithy paragraphs you read In the edi
tOrial columns OF the oklahoma weekly pres
arc all about county offices to which candidate
aspire.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

The Wichita Beacon announced that the win
ncr OF the rebus contest would be announced
Saturday. and some one called up to, iuquir,
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

our idea Of an American citizen is one who
can go as n delegate to a national convention
and maintain his pep and boisterous enthusiasm
until the ballotng begins.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

Jerry Rand still nsisis that tho meteor pick ed
out a landing place near Okmulgcc. but 80 far
he has not been able TO identify the particular
spot
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1920-06-11

Senator Harding is the only presidential can
didate who has shown any degree Of foresight
lie has filed as candidate for recollection Ia
the senate.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
JUST NINE OF THEM

Army & Navy Hall was engaged
for Republican meeting, or for a
confusion" meeting, or something of
the kind yesterday evening; and there
was a report that the meeting would
nominate ticket. Those who passed
saw lights in the hall, but they heard
no oratory, nor any wild bursts of
applause. For a political demonstra-
ton the proceedings were very quiet.
When the meeting adjourned there
were just nine of them who came
down the stairway and six of them
piled into waiting automobile and
rode away, while the other three
walked.
Just nine of them. Same number
as the world famed tailors who adopt
ed the famous illumination: eve, the
People of London"
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

and because he has performed Won
derful service for them in their wa
ter affairs; the business men, pro-
fessional men, bankers and so-called
conservatives are for him because he
has himself demonstrated business
ability, and because he is level-headed
able, familiar with the needs of the
state and absolutely honest, while the
people generally are for him because
he is one of them and for them, and
is fair on every proposition that
comes before him. All of these !ele-
ments unite in the claim that he is
one of the most available champions
that democracy has, but will also rep
resent the state, as governor, with
the greatest credit--not spectacular
ly, perhaps unostentatiously, modest
ly, and more effectively than any
other man who can be suggested.
eve propose to leave nothing legi-
innate undone to present to the peo-
pie of Arizona the manly convincing
reasons why Senator Winsor should
be governor. Perhaps he may not
need any help. He has the ability
and energy to take pretty good care
of his own campaign. But We W@n:
the men and women of Arizoni 20
know. without fail, all about j r.,
from the viewpoint of his neight IS.
SO we propose to tell them, through
the advertising columns Of the news
papers, and perhaps we will have q
corps Of local speakers go through
the state and hold meetings. There
are lot. of things they can say, and
want to say, that Senator Winsor is
too modest to say."-The Messenger.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
GENERAL RIOS DEPARTS

1t was rumored around the streets
yesterday that General Juan ]. Rios
and his staff will leave today for
Ciudad Juarez. These gentlemen,
about tn rty in number, have been
held up in Nogales since the break
between Sonora and the central Mex
lean government came on April I'd.
They saw fit to remain loyal to the
central government, and were given
every consideration by the Sonora
leaders, General Cakes even furnish
ing his private car for General Rios
use in coming to Nogales.
Application was then made by them
to the State Department of the
United States to cross American ter
RORY in their way to Juarez, but this
was held up by the governor of Texas
refusing them permission as federal
soldiers to cross the territory of his
state Governor Campbell of Arizona
and Governor Larrozola of New Mex
leo, however, gave their consent for
the passage inasmuch as the Sonora
authorities had aided them in coming
as far as Nogales. y
1t is anticipated that they will,
therefore, go as far as possible in
New Mexico, and then d:sembark on
the west side of the Rio Grande and
march down this side of. the river,
crossing the line into Mexican ter
r.tory near Juarez,
The rumor that they We're going
to San Diego, California, and from
there by boat to Mazatlan is not
generally credited, as the fate of
Mazatlan is likely to be- settled in
favor of the Constituencies before
they could reach the city.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
HAMBLEN-KARNS

Yesterday evening the home of
former Senator and Mrs. Harry J..
Karns was the scene of quiet home
wedding, Reverand A. Leffingwell,
rector of st. Andrews church of
ficiating, the high contracting parties
being Miss Helen Hamblen, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. H. w. Hamblen, and
Mr.. w. f. Karns, of the firm of Karns
Brothers.
TIE bride, who is one of the young
er set in Nogales society, is among
the professional and business women
of the line city, being a stenographer
in the office of Duffy & Purdum,
preceding which employment she fill
Ell & like post in the office of the
Arizona Gas & Electric Company, of
which enterprise her father has been
consulting engineer a number of
years. The groom has been in bust
ness in the line city some ten years;
and ne was OF the contingent sent to
the great war from Santa Cruz Coun-
tT going overseas as lieutenant in
the aviation corps.
The ceremony was according to the
ritual of the Protestant Ep. scopal
Church; the brides father gave away
the bride, who was attended by her
sister, Miss Catherine Hamblen. and
Miss Elena Harms, bridesmaids, while
Mr.. Leroy Weyrick was the best
man.
After the ceremony the newlyweds
took an automobile for Tucson, thence
to California by lail, to pass the
honeymoon season.
In their new relation Mr.. and Mrs.
Harms have the best wishes Of a host
of friends.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
ST. ANDREWS CHURCH

May End, fourth Sunday after Eas-
ter. Sunday School and Morning
Prayer, 9:45 A. NJ Holy Communion
and sermon, HOO. Text-"Make to
yourselves friends by means of the
mammon of unrighteousness; that,
when it shall fail, they may receive
you into the eternal tabernacles;" st.
Luke 16: 8.
May 3rd., Monday. st. Andrews
Woman's Guild, at Mrs. Harry j.
Harms residence, Grand Avenue,
800 P. M.
May 5th., Wednesday. Choir re-
hearsal, 1880 P. M.
May 7th, Friday. Boys Club, with
Mr.. Freeman, church basement, 7:45
P. M.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
LAWN TENNIS TOURNAMENT

The players are in tip-top condi-
ton, the courts are in good hape and
all is in readiness for the tennis match
today when the Douglas High meets
the Nogales High on the courts Of
the local players.
The boys team has had several
workouts this week on the Nogales
Terpi; Clubs court and the way the
high school boys have been sending
the balls across the net to MIR. pur-
luln and Mr.. Wriles, indicates that
urlas had ,2etter bring Over q
mems team to compete with the No
gales High. Legarra and Flores have
their service iVvn to fine point ard
they have beta cove":.... a;l y. ions
of their Goa t in emi-profeSS;onal
style. If Nogales takes the singles
matches, viii. Il they confidently eX-
pect to, the local players will have Il
walk-away, for they experienced nj
trouble in defeating the Douglas
players in the doubles three week
ago
Mary Wise and Martha Phillips
have been on the courts this week and
are returning the balls with the po-
wer that belongs to winners. Martha
Phillips has a serve that is a point
winner at all times. Mary Wise is
covering the court in fine style and
her speedy return Of difficult shots
is expected to mean much in the
matches today.
The Douglas players arrived in
Nogales Friday afternoon and are ex-
pected to be out on the high school
courts for some fast sets this morn
ing.
The first sets start at 900 A. N.
md are played in the following order
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
THE MAN OF THE HOUR

That "a prophet is not without
honor save in his own country" does
not seem to hold good of Senator
milford Winsor, candidate for the
democratic gubernatorial nom nation,
for from all accounts the people of
his home county-Yuma-with prae-
teal unanimity regard him as the
man of the hour and have josed
hands to nom nate and elect him.
They have organized a "Winsor
Hcme-County Governor Club the
roll Of which reads q good deal like
the great register, and in the Ian
guage of letter received by Phoe-
nix democrat this week from MEM
Der of the club. they propose to
leave nothing legitimate undone to
present to the people of Arizona the
man. convincing reasons why Senator
Winsor should be governor"
From the letter referred to the Il
lowing excerpts are taken:
Everyone down here is D
Enthusiastically for Winsor. The f:os
ing is not confined to any elemen, 81
any class, and factions have heen alb
solutely eliminated. The workers are
for him, because his entire public life
has been devoted to an intelligent and
effective championship of the rights
of the masses, the farmers are for
him, because he is farmer himself
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
This fieGIicI159 Recommended by a Doctor

~ bA Il doctor uses a medicine him
solE besides prescribing it TO his patients,
lie Ii St know that it has merit.
This is what DR.. j. II. Wagner, prom
iDe45 physician Of Skate, Kentucky, has
to say about Dr. Hartmans well-known
remedy, PE-RU-NA: 81 have used Pc
EU~NA myself for catarrh and have
given it TO others for catarrh, bloating
after eating and other ailments. II has
proved a success in all cases with old
and young men and women. All speak
we'll of PE-RUNA. 1t is the best Of all
t0nics."
DR.. Wagner, out of the fullness of his
own personal experience, fer the good Of
all sick and suffering, recommends
medicine which he knows to be good
You may be sure doctor would not en-
danger his professional reputation by
endorsing PE-RUNA unless. satisfied be-
yOnd a doubt of it's value.
Whether your trouble be a cough or
cold, or a more subtle catarrhal effection
Of the stomach, bowels or other organs.
give PE-RU-NA a trial. The immediate
Improvement which you will see will sat-
oE-RU-NA iswhat you need
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
UNITED STATES CIVIL SERVICE
EXAMINATIONS

The United States Civil Service
Commission announces that a Laun-
dry Workers, UNCONVENTIONAL examin-
alton will be held on May IA, 1920 for
the purpose of filling a vacancy in
the position of Laundry Worker in the
Supply service@at Nogales, Arizona.
Application blanks and further in
formation may be obtained from the
Local Secretary, Board of Civil Ser
vice Examiners, at the immigration
Office, at Nogales, Arizona
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
ECONOMISTS DISCUSS HIGH
PRICES
Omitted Press Service)

NEW YORK, April 3O.-Inflation
and high prices were to be kicked and
cuffed, "cussed" and discussed at the
sem;-annual meeting of the Academy
of Political Economy here today and
tonight. President Nicholas Murray
Butler of Columbia University pre-
sided at the afternoon session.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
REPORTED DEAD IN A FIT

Yesterday evening, at late hour
an unknown man fell in fit on Nor
ley Avenue, and was taken to the Of
flee of Doctor Cheoweth for treat
ment, where it is reported he died.
When communicated to this office
every effort was made to get the
story, but without avail.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

leaders of the Constituencies move
ment
The charge against Mr.. Hinojosa
seems to be that of attempting to
dispose of Mexican federal postage
stamps, of which the state of Sonora
had large supply at the time it
severed relations with the federal
government.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
PECULIAR ARREST

Cosme Hinojosag head of the postal
department for the state of Sonora,
who was arrested Thursday in Laredo
on complaint of the Mexican Consul
Mclquiades of that place has been re-
leased on $1,000 bond according to
word received here last night by
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
INSUBORDINATE REGIMENT
Especial To "The Oasis")

Especial TO THE OASIS
EEL PASO, April 30.-Rumors that
the infantry garrison at Villa Album
ada, station on the Mexican Central
about 1919 miles south of here were
on the verge of revolt yesterday
caused a regiment of cavalry to be
sent down there from Juarez to in
vestigate. The cLti,e regiment #
Infantry was brought Lack here this
afternoon as priso.:rrE
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

Ire only news 30 m, out O. Chi
alGhua now is via the Me> ichn
Northwestern railroad lines around
by Casas Grandes, and these COM
munications have been badly cut up.
One short message to reach here this
afternoon contained the information
that Governor Salinas had been cap
tured by the Obergonistas.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
1e!nR15 rGlERE5IGaS 2nllIlr1ns5islTG2ll9nE
PERSONAL ITEMS

E6s69g6
John Glasson, is in town for a few
days from Rloxton
Sam L. Heslet and C. o. Hilder-
brand came up from Carlo last night
J, H. O'Brien is representing The
Old Pueblo in the city today.
7. H. Brown of Hayden is bust
ness visitor in the city.
G. c. Chase is up from the San
Rafael ranch for a few days.
John Hoy is in from Patagonia for
in overnight visit
H. H. Miller of Tucson came in last
night by auto and was a guest last
night at the Evans Hotel.
Friday evening Mrs. NJ. A. Wuer-
schmidt returned from Ell Paso, where
she had been a couple of weeks.
The choir of St. Adrew's church
will hold a postponed rehearsal, this
Saturday evening, May LIST, at 1880
o'clock. .
Mike Shea of Patagonia is an over
night visitor in the Key City. Mr..
Shea and associates have some very
promising copper-silver claims East
of Patagonia, and Mickey says that
active development work on them will
commence in a short time.
There will be ball game on the
Morley Avenue grounds Sunday after
noon between the crack team of tn
25th Infantry and an all star team
from Tucson. A fast game is ex-
pected, and all fans are urged to turl
out and give the game their supper
at the opening of the season.
The next session of the Mac
Dowell Music Club will be held Tues
day evening, May 4th., at 500 o'clocl
in the residence of Mr.. George
Sonoita Avenue; with /;
fine program to be rendered throug,,
the courtesy of Mr.. Buchanan ant
Mr.. Sansiper.
Thursday party of Nogales PEG
pie were at Tucson in attendance al
a banquet and dance given in honor
of district officials of B'Nai Birth.
a noted Jewish fraternity. They
were Nathan Leeker, S. Goldmer, U
Garfinkle, S, Stone and Mrs. Rath
mer. The Tucson Star of yesterday
made mention of their visit.
The Tucson Star has discovered in
the Catalina Mountains "The larges
cactus forest in the world" There is
an error on that point. The largest
cactus forest in the world is on the
West Coast of Mexico, and it EN-
braces parts of the deltas of the
Mayo and Yaqui rivers, with many
of square miles of the mesa
lying between the two deltas. A
dozen years ago Columbia college
professor who had visited the Yaqui
and Mayo river region, published in
the Popular Science Monthly an ex-
tended description Of that cactus
forest.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

Girls singles, boys singles, girls
doubles and boys doubles. Admission
is twenty-five cents.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

FOR SALE-Good bargains in second
hand dressers. VIII sell at a sacri-
flee. LA BONANZA FURNITURE
co. 333 Morley Ave. Phone 921.
AL mo
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

WILL GIVE SPANISH LES
SONS-In Exchange for lessons
in English Address P. O. Box
No. 794. Nogales, Arizona
S:SO-tf,
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

O O o o O Q Q g e . {. o 9 @ Q q
o FOR SALE ~ :
o o o o 9 @ o o @ o . @ e Q q e
FOR SALE Hemstiching machine
and motor. 22O Grand Avenue.
4:25-3t
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

FOR SALE BARGAIN - Hudson
Super-Six like new. Call at Border
Garage. If oh.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

FOR SALE-OAK and Mesquite
Wood T. M. F)rd, Phone Ill.
1:25-tf-cg,
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
ROSES REAL BARGAINS

Ford Touring ........--.................. $4,000
MaxwelI-5 passenger ...........- $4,000
Dodge-5 passenger -............... 10000
Studebaker 4-5 passenger go. 10000
Studebaker a. passenger 80. $4,000
Studebaker A passenger go. $4,000
studebaker 6-7 passenger -. 10000
Studebaker Truck .........-.......... $4,000
Oldsmobile As passenger .... 10000
Oakland 6-5 passenger. ........ 10000
Jeffrey e-7passenger ............ 10000
Jones CT passenger ,...-.,... $4,000
Hudson 5A-4 passenger -. 65O.0o
ROSE AUTO AND SUPPLY
= COMPANY .
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

FOR SALE-7One Underwood Type
writer. Call 351 Morley Aevnue.
Alb If
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

Power, Gas, LIgTts and Ice. Ari.
rrna Gas & Electric Co
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

lsfy beyond that PE-RU-NA iswhat you need.
PFRI-A Ray purchased anywhere in tablet liquid
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

WOOD FOR SALE-iSend your or
ders for black and white oak wood
for cooking and heating. Phone 313J.
10~12tt
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

FOR SALE-P1ayer Piano, with
Cabinet and Music. J. c. Harris
Furniture Co., Bowman Hotel Bldg
Grand Ave 4:18-6t oh
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

. Q Q Q @ o q o e. 9 . @ o Q Q @
. FOR NENT @
. @ O g Q @ Q o o Q o @ Q g o Q
FOR RENT-Furnished rooms. Dun
bar Real Estate Office. 1919 If
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

The brightest lghts are OurA
Arizona Gas & Electric ca.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01
o o o o 5000 10000
Q WANTED Q
9 o Q O 90 o O o o @ o O 900

WANTED-Highest prices paid for
second hand furniture, tools and
household goods. LA BONANZA
FURNITURE co. 1873 Morley Ave.
Phone 321. 4:4-1m
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

Friday evening Mrs, NJ. A. Wuer-
schmidt returned from Ell Paso, where
she had been couple of weeks.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

FOR SALE--3x4 foot Field safe,
New. Also two large cash registers
Very cheap. LA BONANZA FUR
NITURE co. 333 Morley Ave.
Phone 321. 4:4-1mo
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

The choir of St. Adrew's church
will hold a postponed rehearsal, this
Saturday evening, May LIST, at 1880
o'clock.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

Mike Shea of Patagonia is an over
night visitor in the Key City. Mr..
Shea and associates have some very
promising copper-silver claims East
of Patagonia, and Mickey says that
active development work on them will
commence in a short time
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

The next session of the Mac
Dowell Music Club will be held Tues
day evening, May 4th., at 500 o'clocl
in the residence of Mr.. George
Buchanan, Sonoita Avenue; with {;
fine program to be rendered throug''
the courtesy of Mr.. Buchanan ane
Mr. Sansiper.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

There will be ball game on the
Morley Avenue grounds Sunday after
noon between the crack team of tn,
25th Infantry and an all star tear
from Tucson. A fast game is ex-
pected, and all fans are urged to turl
out and give the game their supper
at the opening of the season.
The daily morning oasis. [volume] (Nogales, Ariz.) 1917-1920, 1920-05-01

FOR SALE-By Owner. Two Groom
brick houses, Bath and Sleeping
Porches. W. W. Ford, Hudgin
Street 4:14-1 mo pd
The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1920-10-16
Published weekly by the
Toiler Publishing Association
Telephone: Harvard $3.50 40
Alleged Prosperity

Bosses who have been pocketing billions, pro-
fiteering ON the needs and misery of the working
people of the country, are issuing bulletins and
posters to be pasted up at every convenient corner
telling the working class how happy and con-
tentend tbs andlSHOULD BE- p ieql1
Why not?
Aren't the bosses happy and contented? Hav-
en't they every reason to be? Haven't they
been profiteering to their hearts content, with
the United States government looking on - and
DOING NOTHING? No, we are mistaken We're
member that government agent arrested small
retailer in Brooklyn about three months ago -.
and HAD HIM CONVICTED Glory to the Depart
ment Of Justicel ,,s. t..
But when these same BOSSES Of the America
First" Publicity Association, haye the impudence
to talk prosperity in the face Of government re-;
ports on unemployment when they have the gall,