davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1920-11-21
The Red Mans Culture Was Tor
Dressing to the Soil in Which New
Civilization Took Root-Elevating
the Turkey and the Pumpkin Pie
Wild Fruits as Substitutes.

been discovered by the Indians
through the superior flavor of the
wild ducks that fed upon it. and it
earliest cook books. Curiously. though
the grain which came to be known
finally as ''buckwheat" is mentioned
In early voyages of discovery. the
COOK books were silent on the sub
1ect until very recent times. Yet the
very close to its original. aathin bat
ter ladled out on hot soapstone, as
forttllas are made still in the south
west.
One wonders, sometimes, consider
ing the scarcity of cattle in the COL
onies and the necessity of using all
the milk for the CHILDREN. what the
housewife did tor butter. We know.
at least, that the Indians made a nut
butter. which must have been similar
to the nut buffers on the market
today. of hickory-nut kernels pound
ed In mortar. Perhaps they taught
its use to colonial housewives, who
could hardly have remained ignorant
OF the food value Of what was known
kind Of emulsion of the white part
OF hickory nuts separated by pound
ing and washing from the skins and
shells. Made with thin corn Cruel. 1t
furnished a nutritious pap" for chill
dren or the aged.
And the housewise today who
wishes her Thanksgiving menu to
have the true native touch should
add a spoonful Of this "hickory-nur
milk" to her clam or oyster broth in
place Of dairy milk or cream.
There are other American dishes
which. though they have lost their
Indian characteristics. are plainly
mary art and colonial exigencies. One
Of these il slump" kind of fruit
pudding which may be made in an
iron pot over an open fire. The Indian
woman made it of corn meal and dried
berries or wild apples. The modern
New England housewife, for it Is only
in New England and along the Attain
found in perfection, uses fresh fruit
and light delicate crust. which is
tucked over the top of the fruit. keep
ing in all the steam and the rich
juice. The pot 10 kept tightly covered
until the crust is done. when it Is
"slumped" bottom side up on a dish
and served with sweetened cream.
the thousand-year culture Of the
American aboriginal was absorbed
into the Puritan colonies. Perhaps
because such cultural absorption Is
largely the work of women 1t passes
without comment. 1t is the fashion
now to talk Of the spiritual and artis-
tic starvation of the Puritan. But one
Of his use and development Of the
new country Is not largely due to his
being, for q pioneer, particularly well
fed. % q
Evening star., 1920-11-21

no material objection to this. during
that month there were thirteen cabi-
net meetings held to discuss ADAMS
annual report. Several other meetings.
were held without the President being
| present. 80.
: At one time, in February, 1928. the
ca binet. after waiting all afternoon
for President Adams. LETT the Wnnte
House in very stormy mooa. Inc
day. February IS Then Adams was
RENT nded that a wedding was sched-
uled for that date in the home OF Gen.
Barbour. his Secretary OF war. SO tne
cabinet meeting was deferred until
that a demonstration by deaf and
! dumb pupils from Gallaudet College
was to be given in the House OF Yep,
resentatives, President Adams walked
to the Capitol. leaving word l;..a.,aa ina. ~
should come at to ask them to wait
a. short time for my return from the
Capitol"
with Vice Pesident Calhoun and
Speaker Stevenson. President Aoams
dumb show and stayed all afternoon.
In his Memoirs" Adams records that
IT asked Mr.. Gallaudet II he could
make the pupils understand the dlI-
ference between irrefragable ana IN.
controvertible He said he could not
between them himself" When the
President finally reached home he
found his advisers gone, but round
consolation in the fact that Wlft
came afterward, and I had very
long conversation with him about the
Cherokee constitution and the Indian
titles to land
THOUGH dilatory himself, as was
L thus shown, Adams was not
tolerant with remissness on the part
Of his advisers. He insisted on ex-
cuses and apologies when they abb
sented themselves from the council.
On one recorded occasion, March 6.
1927. he declined to allow Writ to
escape from a meeting. Toward the
close of his administration he dis
covered friction in the cabinet, and.
as he said, ito terminate the admins
tration In harmony. with itself, he
yielded to his advisers in naming
Gen. Peter Buel Porter, hero of the
war Of 1872, once appointed COM
chief Of the Army by
Madison, as his Secretary Of War to
succeed Barbour.
And yet, on occasion, Adams would
stand firm regardless Of the opposi-
tion Of his secretariat. For nearly
two months the cabinet discussed
who should be. named successor as
90 NINA chief af the, Array to
N6t. Gen. Brown. TheHe were four
candidates-scott; esatnes. -Malcomb
ssnss ss Fa;ss astt ss "a 'shsfd p kdate ne
secrstafy Of the. Treasury, was the
only ono who supported Malconb,
and Adams gave him the appoint
ment. This happened on April IA,
1898. and 30 pleased Rust that nearly
twenty years later. on January s1S,
1S47, when Polk was considering q
similar problem, told him the story
Evening star., 1920-11-21

Secretary of the Treasury, was thirty
three; Jefferson, Secretary of State.
was forty-six. Washington leaned
most for support on Hamilton. JEFF
ferson wrote of Hamilton: Hot
headed. all imagination. no Judgment.
passionate, diSrespectful, and even
indecent, toward the President in his
written as we'll as verbal commune
cations. talking of appeals from him
to Congress, from them to the people,
urging the most unreasonable and
ground1ess propositions and in the
most dictatorial style"
The average age of Washingtons
cabinet was forty years. The first
cabinet meeting was in Jefferson's
home, and the members had dinner
"before settling down to serious
work
:, In. recent years it seems to have
Evening star., 1920-11-21

very little from Indian practice these
800 years. 1t is stin possible to @ ma
in back country districts the ele. ..
-yated "crib," which was the Indian
device for wintering his stores s.is1 aHI
nut q ash in the hill to fertilize II, as
indians taught their froebears to 90
Rut the red man did not stop with
corn. He evolved a perfect garueI
combination of corn and beans ana
corn stalks without other aid and
the squash to shade the ground Pc
tween the hills and keep down the
weeds. all to be cultivated with one
hoeinE. Tell that to your farm
efficiency experts. along with the list
Of dishes resulting in samp. hominy'
scrapple. succotash. pone,. ASH cake.
buttered popcorn (buttered with back
tat or hickory nut oil. and finally that
most delectable Vainty. pumpkin pie.
The evolution of pumpkin pie is
lost in the quiet anQals OF the Puri-
tan housewife. but 1t is known that
the Indians had dish Of stewed
pumpkin, sweetened and combined
with dried berries and nuts. Sub
stituting cornmeal for pumpkin. they
nroduced the favorite dessert known
as Indian pudding.
PERHAPS maple sugar was the next
best gift after corn, though one must
not neglect the lazy root. the
potato.
/ Contrary to a popular impression,
there was no honey in the United
states until bees were brought from
Europe. and as sugar was not pro-
duoed in England. 1t was an exceed
ingly rare and precious article OF
food in the colonies. 1t is interesting
to speculate how long we might have
left to our untutored instincts
Cranberries and celery, too. and
oysters! Though their food values
were known. tho presence of oysters
does not instantly declare itself to
the explorer. Imagination halts be-
fore the first contact of the Euro
pean with the 'quahaug," or hard
shell clam though he was quick
enough to adopt clambake and
chowder when the Indian made them
known.
Our elevation Of the turkey to the
place Of honor on the THANKSGIVING
dinner table is not entirely owing to
It's traditional Importance to the first
American Thanksgiving day; 1t is a
tribute to the home -makinR instinct
OF the Puritan women who made the
turkey brood a part OF that assocfa-
tion of men and their wild brethren
which is inseparable from the human
idea of home.
The Indians domesticated the tur-
key chiefly for his feathers, which
they priced. But I have no doubt
that the English housewife, arriving
chickenless. got her first feeling Of
being at home from the brooding
cluck Of the turkey hen about her
door.
Evening star., 1920-11-21
BY MARY AUSTIN.

Author Of q nunbeF of books ana
phys dealing with the InAian.
"HIs year when you, arrange
your Thanksgiving decora-
tions tie in a string Of beads,
q feathered arrow. a turkey
tail fan, anxkhing which will save you
from the snobbishness. too long In
dulged. of ignoring the help our civjk
;xation has had from the absorbed
culture Of the Indian. And while you
are about 1t revise your idea OF the
early Puritan home as place COM
|pletely furnished with handsome old
mahogany and blue willow ware. A
few heavy pieces came over with
every shipload of settlers. but for the
most part colonial furniture was made
Of native woods whose qualities were
learned from the Indians. with skins
tanned after Indian methods, with
corn-husk mats. conr-husk mat
itresses, pillows Of wild duck feathers,
brushes of turkey feathers. with
birch bark boxes and i1,si baskets. ..asss Gass-
and cunningiy. sewed receptacles
lacked % ~ and seated with the piiabie
inner bark Of hickory. whose use they
learned from the Indians: soapstohe
and twines Of native hber. for which
they might have hunted long In vain
had not the Indian housewives fore
Think Of one thing alone--the Inn
|portance Of string to new colony.
away across an unfrequented ocean:
Think Of the endless generations OF
Experimentation that went on before
the use and handling Of these things
had been made ready for the Puritan's
hand! And then the dyes and pig
sources Of the new world, which lay
in the very painted faces the Puritan
feared even while he accepted the
|hint-copper. galena. gypsum. colored
earth for paint.
y y ~
Indian culture was the top dressing
Of the American soil, by aid q which
dreds-perhaps thousands-of years
went to that initial mastery OF the
environment, and hundreds Of years
were saved 70 us by our thankless
ahssrption sd-1s OF \ N.vsr wa. . cerea,
better adapted. to pioneer conditions.
Already the Indian had developed four
or ave distinct varieties Of 1t. suited
to varied conditions Of soil and cli-
mate. It could be planted in unplow-
ed ground. which could mot be done
with any Of the grains theePuritans
brought with them. It could be cult
waited in the hill. It could be eaten
before it was ripe. it could be har.
vested and cared for easily compared
with wheat or oats. or left standing in
the field at q. pinch: finally, 1t could be
cooked without milling.
Any one who has seen the women
in New Mexico winnowing. washing
and picking over wheat by hand can
understand how much the Puritan
housewife gained by the use Of the
new "Indian meay' broken IN NOR.
tar or soaked In wood-ash lye.. and
boiled whole. In the beginning the
greatest advantage of all was that
the new grain could be bought from
the Indians. The million bushels Of
corn said to have been taken from the
Iroquois by Dennonville in 1857 10
probably an exaggeration. but there
is no question Of the advantage to the
pioneers Of q marketable foodttu4
20 close at hand. /
Our culture Of corn has ehaassd
Evening star., 1920-11-21

once on returning to his ONCE at 3
pm, after attending debates in the
Capitol. he found Q note from the
President requesting him to call the
cabinet together on that same day at
1880 o'clock. He says that aA many
meetings Conversation burned out"
There were $50 meetings Of the cab
was during this Administration that
Tuesdays and Fridays came TO be
cabinet dAys.". and with . few eQq4s
1shAi vxt4at5pns tits custom hs1 blfs
severed to the present. The notices
We we're, fof, j. r.. seerstariat to NEE. @ sat
though occasionally sessions ( were
held IN the Offices Of the Secretary sof
the Navy, Of .thep. Secretary, Of the
Treasury, or In the Vice President'e
room in the Capitol. The usual cab-
met hour was IL to I o'clock. and
Evening star., 1920-11-21
that cabinet meeting and his part

Of that cabinet meeting and his part
in it.
It was on the advice Of his cabinet
counselors that President John Quincy
Adams left tho White House on the
nieht OF March 8, determined to have
nothing to do with the Inauguration OF
his successor, Andrew Jackson.
A record Of 40. cabinet meetings
was made by the James x. Polk ad-
ministration. which saw busy times
consfAcFing problems OF expanaon
featuree OF the Nexican war. Polk,
Ml28-fiIue, wAD. the youngest Presi.
deiat ltb to RooSeve1t's entranoe Into
the white HOUSE Just before he was
forty. three. Polk kept q very care-
close intimacy between the executive
and leaderssin both Houses OF Con-
The outstanding triumvirate in the
Evening star., 1920-11-21

PROCLAMATION" and other state papers
we're written for him by members Of
the cabinet.
Robert J. Walker Of Mississippi, Sec
retary Of the Treasury under Polk.
wrote the famous tariff act of 1846.
Three years later he drafted the act
that created the Department OF the
Interior.
George Bancroft the historian.
wrote President Johnson's message in
1855.
Seward and Stanton framed John
sons veto message on the tenure of
ohice bill. In March. 1867. I
Hamilton Fish. when Secretary Of
State. prepared President Grants
''non-intervention"m message on Cuban
affairs in June. 1870.
80 much by way Of illustrating that
the cabinet, though merely an execu-
tive custom or habit, has proved its
right to exist, through positive
achievements that will live as long
as American history is written.
AZ might be expected. when men OF
forceful character and independence
Of thought foregather. the cabinet
meetings have not been without quar-
reis. jealousies and misunderstood
inRs. Glimpses at these sessions form
sh interesting panorama through the
years.
TN washington's cabinet were two
outstanding hgures-and rivals
Hamilton and Jefferson. Hamilton.
Evening star., 1920-11-21

TORY Shows That Outsiders Have Been Allowed Attend Meetings
Of the Harding Says He Will Have Chair Drawn
Up His Vice Other Vice Presidents Have Been Present S
sn-Mngs President Session Where the Chief Executive
Was Requested Figures President Washnetons
Group of fAdvisers-Abraham Lncons Cabinet.
Evening star., 1920-11-21

n Vow that there is general
nj disposition throughout the
country to help the Presi-
q dent-elect pick his cabinet.
Evening star., 1920-11-21

TN washington's cabinet were two
= outstanding hgures--and rivals
4lamilton and Jefferson. Hamilton.
The evening world., 1920-05-10
1900 LOCKED OUT
FOR VIOLATION OF
WAGE AGREEMENTS
Store Fixture Makers Must Be
Americans or Declare Cit
izenShip Intention.

More than haAf Of the shops Of the
New YOEH Store Fixtures Manufac-
turers Association were closed this
morning. and the rest were expected
10 be closed by tonight in acordance
with the lockout agreement OF the
employers, whose uftamatum -:
mo man win be employed in Assoc
caation shops who has not declared
his intention OF becoming an Ameri-
can citizen (unlesS he is already a
cttiEen). He must also become anil
ated with the American Brotherhood
Of Carpenters and JoinerB, and bind
himself to the Brotherhood's agree
ment with this Association"
Between 1000 and 5000 men found
themselves out OF work because OF the
lockout, and Scion Jay Rieser. Presi-
dent OF the Association. predicted
that the number would be increased
to $500.
The reason for the lockout was out
lined in a formal statement by Mr..
Ri4ser. who says that "a per cant of
the men are aliens. and that the con
controlling element Is amliated with
the so-called International Union.
socialistic, bolshevistic. vita no respect
for controcts.
we had a signed agreement in Mo-
venber which was to hold until July"
said Mr.. Riecer. Subject to a thirty
day notice. In February there was a
strike without notice. We yielded and
established a minimum wage OF IS a
day. In March there was another
strike and we compromised. Ten days
ago were were confronted with de-
mands for a forty hour week and wages
Of 1925 to S1O.25 day. and threat
Of another strike. Tho Executive
Committee Of the association Therefore
decided on the lockout and the policy
OF employing only loyal Americans
who win fulfill their contracts"
A committee of the association will
pass on all applications for employ
nent This far no disorder has been
reported In connection with the lock-
out. The police are protecting the
shops, OF which there are seventy-tVe
in the city.
The evening world., 1920-05-10
GANG FIGHT HALTED
BY POLICE SHOTS
Hoboken Chauffeur and Woman
Arrested on Charge of Having
Revolver In Their Possession.

A tip reached the police carly this
morning that there would be some
shooting near No. AS West SSth
Street There was But the police
did 1t.
Detectives went over there and
watched until they saw an automobile
drive up with three men and a woman
Two of the men got out. Just then
the detectives appeared and the men
from the car ran. They went through
to 3sth Street, hurdling fences, and the
detectives fred two shots without stop
ping. them.
Then tho detectives got back to the
automobile just as Il was starting.
They stopped It and arrested the chauf-
four and the woman. The chauffeur,
Herbert Gerhardt. No. Sl4 washington
Street Hoboken, is alleged to have had
n revolver. and the woman, Anna Hur-
ley. No. 5s4 Newark Street. Hoboken,
The evening world., 1920-05-10

Il charged with having passed a re-
volver TO one OF the men who got away.
The police say a gang fight was
planned, that the woman claimed TO
have been insulted in Hoboken BY
New York gang, and that the Hoboken
gang planned TO do'some Furnishing.
The evening world., 1920-05-10
lrALYS GERMAN POLICY.
Must supply Raw Materials, Nitd
Tells Deputles.

Tells Deputies.
ROME. May 1O.--"when Germany
wishes 10 keep her heavy artillery, her
military and aviation units we must
say mo- but when she demands raw
materials we must give" Premier Nitu
cluBion OF debate on the Governments
foreign policy.
Replying 90 a question by Deputy
Treves, Socialist as to what the San
Reno conference had done toward putt
ing Germany on her feet, Nitu said:
MY viewpoint on that question Is
well known. believe the economic
resurrection OF Germany y an European
necessity"
The evening world., 1920-05-10

nothing $ and $40 to-day and find your shoes
aeater OF you don't find until after it's
late For that the that these ARE aeaher
that their regular price of so they marked less than
many other getting for their Parteathe shoes
The evening world., 1920-05-10
Fine Stationery q Less Than Regular

months before
Hence offer prices greatly below
those which prevailing.
Geo. B. HudS "ROyaI Linen" 4wds Holland Linen
Pound With Moorish Linen Envelopes
Rnor.. 70 Match OK IN oL Sheets and 20 Envelopes Csc
F AoC
Jones" Beverly Oei"n Jones Olo MN bono
: 0oc
in &c Envlop pkg'.
regularly 2Sc
MmnR
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1920-09-23
Sl25,OOO STOLEN
FROM ERIE EXPRESS
IN NEW JERSEY
Merchandise Thrown From Car
of Moving Train En- Route
to Oklahoma.

WELLINGTON. ~ j., Sept. "a
Merchandise valued at between $780,
900 and $4,000 was stolen from a
moving west bound express train near
here early To-day. One car wos en-
tireiy cleared out supposedly by a
man working from the inside who
threw the goods from the car door. TO
bo gathered by confederates and
carted away in automobiles About
$4,000 worth OF fur coats. women's
apparel and silk were recovered by
Patrolman Charles Nelly OF the wal
iington police and Conductor Edson
Remy OF n freight train. who saw
some OF the bundles thrown from the
fast moving express.
The train was made up OF American
Railway Express cars OF tho Erie
Railroad and was on route from Jer-
sey city TO Oklahoma.
Lieut.. Graham 81 the Brie Railroad
Police said he had a good description
Of four men who we're seen boarding
the train M II left Jersey City. One
OF the robbers was believed to have
been locked In the ear and to have
broken open the door % throw the
merchandise out.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1920-09-23
REFUSED WHISKEY,
DOCKMEN SHOOT
Two Arrested After Battle in Fire
room Of Steamship
Mexico.

Following fight on the ward line
steamer Mexico at Pier 10. East River,
to-day. Philip Clark. twenty-five, Of
No. 2i7 West 6lst street. and Clarence
Hunt, twenty three OF No. 2o7 West
10Th Street. both longshoromen. were
looked up at Police Headquarters,
charged with folunlous assault They
were arrested after Joseph Qmnto OF
No. i68 Maiden Lane and John ploos
OF No. 2oj East 2ist Street, rremen
on the Mexico, had been shot In the
leg and arm, respectively.
According to Picos, Clark and Hunt
we're loading coal on the ship when
they entered the fire room and de-
maGded whlskey. Told there was none,
Picos said Clark drew revolver and
began TO hre and Hunt exhibited d
knife.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1920-09-23
CUSTER AND BOMB
OUTRAGE COMPARED
Socialist Official Says Albany Legis-
latorS Are Worst Enemies of
Representative Government.

CHICAGO. Sept 3s.-otto BrSn-
stetter. Executive Secretary OF the So
cialst party, issued statement to-day
charactorizlng the New York legisla-
tors who rNpelled three OF the five So
cialist mombers ~ the worst enemies
Of representative government and OF or
DERBY and pcaceable processes Of adj
JUSTINE grievances through political &C
ton.
Tho parties responsible for the re-
cent wan Street explosion with ~ ter
ribie loss OF innocent liyos should be
hanged" Mr.. Branstetter said. but
n they should bo hanged for the de-
struotion OF lives and property what
punishment should be- melted out 10 these
New YORK Legislators who. by their acts.
are Attempting 20 undermine the very
foundation OF the Government and
whose course II persisted In. will make
certain "A long series Of sush outrages
as the wall street explosion and oyOht-
ualH civil war;"
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1920-09-23
MATCH PRESIDENT,
DEMOCRATIC CRY
IN SEEKING FUNDS
Chairman White Calls on 1000
to Follow Wilson'S Example
and Give $500.

George White. Chairman OF the
Democratic National Committee, an
nounced here to-day that the Com
mittee would raise a 100000 National
match the President" Campaign
Fund.
MI White saii 1000 friends Of the
League OF Nations would be asked to
follow the example Of President VIII
son and subscribe $500 each to assure
the success Of the Cox Roosevelt
ticket and the League Itself News.
papers favoring the League viii be
asked 20 aid IN formation OF The
League Thousand Club" TO be com
posed OF contributors 20 the fund.
Less than $4,000 collected by as
provided a contact before she Senate
Committee investigating campaign
fund contributions yeftorduy with
millions In the hands OF the Repub-
leans" said Mr. White. since the
fate Of the League and the peace Of
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1920-09-23
"HOLD-UP," HE SAYS
OF WIFE'S CHARGES
Restaurant Owner Says She Was
to Pay Correspondent $500 for
Divorce Testimony.

An application was made by Mrs.
Anaatasia G. Dlannis. Of No. 1880 Man
haitian Avenue. brooklyn, before
Justice Benedict In Supreme Court
Brooklyn. to-day, Tor $1,000 counsel
fees pending trial OF her suit for separa-
ton FROM George L. Djnnnls, u rest
aurant owner OF No, iOtt Sixth Avenue.
Manhattan. She alleged misconduct
with May Whalon during June and
July. 1920.
An affIdavld filed by Miss Whalen.
in which sho gave her address as a
house in West lOtth Street. stated
that she did not know the defendant
WAS married and that she severed their
relations when this fact became known,
Djunnis charged Miss Whalen's tes-
timony was procured and that she Nas
20 receive 5000 from Mrs Diannis fol
gwcarng 20 the aih!SvlL he a9psog,,,i,"d
was reserved.