davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10
Low WAG!ES.HELD>
To- Be CAUSE OF
:: DEATH OF. BABES
Secretary Wilson Reports Thai
1000 Die Every Year as. >,
:. Result Of Poverty.

I. WASHINGTON, Jan. SIN his
annual report Secretary Of Labor
Wilson includes the oft-repeated
statement by the children's bureau,
an affiliate of his department, that
low wages are responsible for the
deaths of babies.
1t is stated that over 100000 ba-
bies less than 1 year old die an
nually and that these infant deaths
are controllable almost without ex-
ception.
Poverty is a constant condition
Of the highest infant mortality rates
and the rates steadily improve as in
come Increases to a. good living STAN
dard," say vs. the report.
More than 10000 mothers die
yearly from causes incident to child
bearing, and i'll health is suffered
by a. vast number Of others from
the same cause. These deaths and
dtsa bilities are known to be. need
less; among women who can COM
mand adequate care their proportions
are greatly reduced.
In the interest of humanity and
Of sound national economy adequate
care for maternity and infancy
should be universally available. The
lessening rates of infant mortality
in.:the United States for the last few
years are encouraging. They indi-
cate the effect. of many scattered
public and volunteer activities for
infant welfare. but the reduction is
far too slow. New Zealand still
shows q much lower rate than our
best states, and the United States is
eighth from the head of the list of
countries judged by the favora Bile
character Of their infant mortality
rates.
''The best available world figures
for maternal mortality show that
the United States is fourteenth
down the list; that is, the life Of
the mother is safer in 13 other couu-
tries than in the United States.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10
SUGAR COSTS lESS|N :. :.
q. =
MEXICO Than Ihsu. 5,

s- ss. WASHINGTON, Jan. S.-The de-
spartment of commerce announces
that Mexican producers Of sugar are
paid an average Of 6 cents a pound
Tor their product. Granulated- sugar
sof good grade was quoted in Mexico
City at about 13 cents. a pound early
in December. =
recently sugar was quoted 1t 12 Y
acents In. New York and on this basis,
sllsNeW I York prices were to determine
the Mexican price, the sugar would
pc worth IN Mexico City about %
cents' american money, after freight,
& rs. custom duties, commission
and other charges were paid.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10
ANT|-STRIKE SECTION TO Be
\ TAKEN0UT OF RAILROAD BILL
Believed Advocates Measure Placed There for Trading Pr
poses Labor - Gouageou Slight Against Return Of Rail-
roads, But Wan e. @tssav too Strong at Washington.
Bv PAUL. WAlk

80 WASHINGTON reopens labor on the defensive
the halls Of 1.-The genuine characterization Of indus
try advocated by President Wilson has
platter reward for his eafat during
war On the contrary the worker finds himself engaged des<
pera struggle to defend those rights and privileges which
his before the
January 1920 therefore, brings direct challenge
Washington in the form Of two legislative proposals. One
bill restore private operation of the railroads. The other
is the antie clause of that bill which would establish pre-
ceden for application far beyond the sphere rail
Until these two issues have been fought out labor will feel
concentrate other legislative matters either defensive
Or constructive 1t must be recognized that the first Of hem
operation Of the steam lines will shortly be disposed Of the
basis of corporation victory The creased
second experiment in private operation :
%. Get Roads Back On Their Own Valuation.
The Cummns enate and Esch (house) bills have both
approved by their respective branches of provide
for private operation and both stpuae that the railroad
shall be permitted charge sufficient
their estimate Of the roads value and pay operating
expenses which shall also be controlled entirely by the private
managers.
pretty we'll understood that the antistrke was
serted in the Cmmins bill trading pont-as something that
would be taken out organized workers should
drop their fasdvelopng fight for the Plan for railroad
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10

Jana Cnen try to m1Slead the people
into believing that all Of the miners
earn such wages.
2OO,O Miners EMPLOYED.
THE Central Competitive Field is
composed of western Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and it
produces more soft coal than any
other field in the world. It's annual
output is approximately 200,000.0001:
tons, and it employs; nearly, II not
quite, 100000 mine workers. Stand
ard wages are paid in this field and
it is here that the average earnings
Of the mine workers. for the six
year period referred- to above were.
only $873.85 per year. Any man with
a family to support will understand
how impossible it. is for a miner to
support, his family on g. decent
American standard of living on an
income Of less than $75 month, in
these days Of outrageous prices.
That's why the miners feel that they
are entitled to relief in the form
of a substantial increase in wages.'s
High Cost Of Living.
When butter was selling in Chi
cago at 80 cents a pound it was
selling in some Of the illinois coal
mining towns at 80 cents q pound.
1t is said at the headquarters Of the
United Mine Workers of America,
that the cost of living in mining
communities is higher than anywhere
else in the country. This statement
Is based on figures and reports re-
ceived at the headquarters from
many mining towns. Coal miners
say that they are at the mercy Of
retail dealers who charge what they
please for the necessaries Of life
which the miners must buy, because
there is no other market in which
they can obtain the goods. 5.
Reason for Measure.
This is pointed to by the miners
as one Of the strong reasons why
they are entitled to substantial in
crease In wages at the hands of the
commission appointed by President
Wilson to investigate the bituminous
coal industry, fix wages and working
conditions and the selling price Of
coal. -
:. The miners are planning to pre-
sent to the commission full infor-
nation in regard to the increase In
the cost Of living as it affects the
miners and all their families. They
will base their showing wholly ON
the prices that are charged in mining
camps and by mining companies, and
they declare that the figures will be
a revelation to the public. ~ IS
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10
FRENCH WORKERS:
WILLN0TSTAND:
FOR B0LSHEv|SM
Miners Empower Their Chief
Officers to Use Energetic ::
Methods Against I.

o., PARIS, Jan. 8-The French Min
ers have just held; their annual con-
ference. The chief subject under
consideration was the demand for
higher governmental old age pen
sions. II 4 pension of 1900 francs
Is not granted by. February IL the
Miners will declare general strike.
Like all leading French labor
unions, the Miners are militant in,
practice and advanced in; theory.
But the leadership of every one Of
the big unions and especially the
Miners Is; in practical, hands. Bar
tuel. their president, Bidegaray,; Of
the railroad men, Chanyin, Of the
building trades, and Jouhaux,' Sec
retary Of the Federation Of Labor.
are standing like stone wall
against Bolshevism..
All the bis unions, except the
Teachers, have recently reelected
their anti-Bolshevik leaders by large
majorities. However, great difficulty
is caused at the meetings Of the
Federation Executive in Paris by; the
intervention Of local 'Bolshevilk
unions-many Of the Paris locals
being Bolshevik. Also pro-Bolshe-
visit and Socialist politicians posing
as labor leaders have caused con-
stand trouble. :. =.
Bartuel proposed at the Miners
conference that he be especially. en-.
powered and instructed to Introduce.
at the coming conference Of the
Federation, the most positive ,mea-
sures. for repudiating and prevent
ing this kind OF. political and Boil
shevist interference with legitimate
labor union organizations. =,
'The only dictatorship will
stand .for.".. said Rartusl, "is the
dictatorship Of the masses. I am not
willing to accept the dictatorship ,of
self-appointed labor Leaders," J.
The Miners voted unanimously to
give Bartuel the authority demanded.
The chairman called for objections
but not a single voice was raised
in opposition to aBartueps motion.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10

and sometimes from the same head
quarters. Not one Of the old familiar
and notorious names ts missing The
deportations to Germany and Russia
will simply have the effect of making
the American-born predominant.
The new pro-Soviet. movement Is
best seen, not in the relatively in
significant and largely foreign Social
list and Communist Parties Of the I.
w. W.-so much discussed in the press
but in scores Of new organizations
with interloclking directorates operat-
ing under the cover Of subtle pseudo
,-''liberaw .aliases-and supposedly
directed to every imaginable reform
and humanitarian purpose. It's en-
issaries moreover swarm into every
genuine plan-some posing a. mod
crates. other as Incorporating
''idealists." j. =:
This pro-Bolshevik propaganda un-
der the cloak of liberalism" 10 among
our ~ writer's and teachers. in our
weeklies and magazines, our schools
and colleges. The war set every
tongue and pen at work on POLITICS.
.Loyalist and democratic propagandas
were organized during the war, but
were not ready for peace. The pro-
Soviet 'liberals"-ready from the
first day Of the armist:ce, and having
the whole field to themselves, swept
. large part Of the fluent but politi-
.cally unframed and uniformed "in-
tellectuals'' off their feetuntil their
combined period dlcals now havesa hum
dred Thousand readers Hhils inds-
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10

dem ocracy. It was fully cOmprehended
that organized labor would be a dead
or ''harmless'' thing without the
right to strike, and that to retain that
right, the workers would probably
abandon the fight for additional ad-
vantages.
" What Labor Wanted.
The Plumb Plan advocates had not
expected that their principle would
Immediately be adopted by congress-
And their first reaction to the anti
strike maneuver was the petition,
signed by the brotherhoods, certain
farmer groups and Samuel Gompers
government operation, pending the
aperfeetio4 Of a. a.rational plan for per-
shaanenr adoption.
s. Nominally. labor is still calling Tor
the two-years' extension, but its lead
ers here are prepared to see the Cum
Minis and Esch bills merged and
: adopted With no vital alterations ex-
cept the abolition Of the anti-strike
Feature Of the former measure.
I'VE Told You So."
5 Beyond their right to exclaim 1--WE
told you SOL" when the higher freight
rates of private operation send the
cost OF living up few months hence,
afhe railroad brotherhoods and their
allies must set down as a total loss
their courageous advocacy Of the only
constructive plan to lessen the cost
of living that has been advanced since
the war ended.
The Kenyon Henderson bills to d.
vorce the big packing plants from the
control of stockyards and refrigerat tor
cars will probably receive the concen-
trated support of organized labor men
here as soon as the railroad and anti
strike legislation is disposed of. They
would be more effectively supported
II some of the older labor leaders did
not adhere to belief that wages and
shop conditions are the only matters
with which the worker should con-
cern himself. The movement to have
organized labor identify itself as a
consumer, thus forming close work.
Ing alliance with the public" has
been hampered'to the point Of threat
sened failure by the older theory and
: practice.
Labor's Next Move
s Within official circles of the Ameri-
can Federation Of Labor plans have
been discussed for a union with the
farmer and cooperative societies for
Joint action to elect member of con-
#gress pledged to defend the rights Of
the worker and to curb prices. The
odd party politicians appear confident
that nothing dangerous to their own
control will ever come Of such an
effort. They agree. however, that the
cost Of living, apparently beyond con-
Strol of all conventional measures. and
the solid determination of the wage
Farmers to satisfy some Of their ex-
banding economic aspirations will
both play powerfully into the hands
s,ofe any set Of men who aim in the
right may to capitalize them in the
next campaign. . .
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10
DUIUTH AND sBpERIdk JANUARY 10, 1920. 7. &:
ANT|.Bofc0H| u)!|!|lguE 4
ADOPTS ''HIcY''' q NAME:

- wAsHINGToN, Jan. s.-rhe boy
colt has become les offensive to
anti-trade unioAists ssince the pro-
posed league eot i1afions s,would use
this method .againl disturbing ma
tions, so the American Anti Boycott
association has changed its name
to league for indutuial rights.
/ It is believed til Ssnew name has
an up-to-date, ring!sf.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10
BANK EMPLOYEES UNITE.

TORONTO, Ontario, Jan. Sat 4
mass meeting of over 500 bank ac-
tellers, ledger keepers,
clerks, stenographers and messengers
it was voted to organize and affiliate
with the American Federation of La
bor. The meeting was held in the
labor: temple and was addressed by
local trade unionists. -
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10
COssACKs NOT PRoBED.

DENVER, Jan: s.-The special ses-
sion Of the legislature has adjourned
and the demand Of organized labor
that the state cossacks be probed was
ignored. The unionists insist that
financial transactions in connection
with the cossacks should be ex-
planned.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10
GAINS BY HATTERS.

CHICAGO, Jan. Organized hat
tiers are meeting with success III nero-
Stating their new agreement which
calls for wage increases and Improved
working conditions. .SS2
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10

PRINTERS REJECT OFFER.
HAMILTON, Ont, Jan. S.-A wage
increase Of $1.15 a week has been re-
jected by commercial shop printers,
who insist that living costs call for a
substantial advance. =.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10

EAR. MERCHANT-lIas It occurred to i
you that this paper goes into the
Ehomes of the best paid werkingmen 4
ID Duluth and surrounding territory
Il Il carefully perused by every adult
member OF the household. There is
no better advertising medium any
whore. : =
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1920-01-10

Mr.. WoRKINGMAN-This is your |
!. paper. It publishes matter per-
taining to your life and welfare. IT
wants and, needs your support. II
cannot exist without it Your cause
would be weak indeed without a labor
paper TO champion It. Become = reader
! and suhscriber.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1920-02-27
MANY VILLAGES NOW IN DUST
NOT Even Walls Remain to Mark
Towns That Existed Before Ar.
rival Of Spiked Helmet Men,

Or many smaller villages not even
the ruins remain, the walls having long
since been reduced to stone dust. OF
old magnificent forests there are onlv
occasional naked tree stems, with n
few leafiess branches. There is no Iiv.
ing tree for miles and miles. German
gas did 1t.
The old inferno of sound has given
place to more terrible silence-a ST.
lenee unbroken by living creature. No
BIRDS no moving things In the grass.
nothing but the absolute silence Of a
man-made desert,
From the agricultural point of view
tne country Is years In the future.
Every square foot must be leyeled and
restored. The undertaking is Infinitely
dimcult. Any moment the work
man may run into an unexploded shell
or hidden death trap.
Every farm will have to be eoufnned
with complete sew drainage system
The old pipes were ripped out during
the early part of the bombardment. al.
lowing the waste water to spread out
over the fiat countryside and collect in
depressions.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1920-02-27

white one with green shutters and red
roof It's just little higher than the
rest. You cannot see the canopy be-
fore the door. I'll tell you why it's
there. 49,. ...
Five years ago the troops were or
dered out to fight invaders from across
the Rhine. To that house came Mar
Gel Duval to tell his Jeanne Good
by They were to have been married
the next month and 1t was very hard
for them to part. Marcel had light
hair and blue eyes; he could talk Ger
man better than the rest, and he was
not to fight with gun and sword, but
with the cunning of his mind-to be a
spy.
Il looked down at them as they
stood before the house. The evening
wrapped them close, but l could see
Jeanne's eyes were wet-gray, like the
twilight woven through the mist. Her
dark head pressed against his coat.
The circle of her arms cleaned white
about his neck. They kissed. She
checked her sobs and smiled. He looked
just once--a long ttme-then he turned
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1920-02-27

one who passed, hoping to find the feae
lures of Marcel. A spy might not be
In Germany: he might be here amidst
the army of the conquerors In Belgi-
UNI, in Namur, and any time. But all
her hopes were vain and, as the
months dragged into years and no
news came, she ceased to look at ey-
cry passerby, for disappointment only
emphasized her fear.
"Then one night, when the lights
were out and all was still, she heard
gentle tapping at the door. Her
mother opened 1t little way, and
through the space mans voice whis-
pered: 'I'm weary; | have Travelled
far today. Once, long ago, they told
me If / visited Namur, I'd find safe
shelter In your home" Her heart beat
quickly as they let him in. Was It
Marcel? At least, perhaps some news.
But no, the stranger knew only that
once-two years ago-he and Duval
had been together on bit OF work In
Austria. Duval had said that IL he
CHANGED to reach Namur, they'd give
him lodging In that house. Duval had
sent a message, but that was long ago,
and since then-well, no one had heard
from him. The stranger hid there all
next day, and then OF night departed
and was swallowed by the dark.
give years Of hopeful tomorrows
turned to dreary yesterdays. To me,
who has lived for centuries, five years
are like a minute Of the day. To
Jeanne, each year out of the five was
like century. 1t was the imprison-
ing silence, not the Boche, that crushed
her soul. The Huns were driven back
to their own land, Namur was free
and, one by one, the soldiers who had
lived returned, to stay at home again.
And still no one could tell the fate
of lost Marcel Duval And then"
The voice broke off, for down below
the bells began to ring, the chimes
that drove the cloud from off the sun.
The opalescent sky turned turquoise
blue; the sunlight tore the rainbow
haze and sent a golden shower across
the world. And from the church door
came bridal pair. heard whisper
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1920-02-27
AS BELGIUM APPEARS TODAY
country's Condition as War-Torn and
Barren as When the Armstice
Was Signed.

Although small armies of men. most.
" German prisoners, have been work.
ing nearly year, devastated Belgium
looks today Just as barren and war
torn as when the armistice sent the
German armies hurrying back into the
distance from which they had come. So
immense is the reclamation task he.
lore them, 1t is not noticeable that the
workers have made any impression at
all. 1850" a.
hpres itself, collection of ruins
mas hardly been touched. The debris
mas been swept from the streets and 4
lean-to station put up near the site Of
the old. a few restaurants have been
reopened for tourists and relatives 81
fallen soldiers visiting the zone
a small gant1et Of postal card sell.
ers and curio vendors forms regularly
outside the station a few minutes ba.
fore train time. Several liyeryman
and garage owners do a fine business
- 1laausAe battlehelds
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1920-02-27
OFFICIALS OPPOSE
PROHIBITION LAW
MICHIGAN COUNTY IN OPEN RE.
BELLioN AGAINST ENFORCE
MENT OF PROHIBITION.
Rebellion Against Law enforcement
Led BY County Prosecutor When
Federal Enforcement Officers
Seize Raisin Wine.

\ ChIeageA rebellion against pro-
llibition'' has broken out in Iron
county, Mich, and the county, led by
Its prosecuting attorney, is in "open
revolt against federal authority,
Major A. /. Dalrymple, federal pro-
hibition director for the central states,
notified Washington on Sunday.
Prohibition agents, leading a party
of Michigan state constables, were
held up February 10 by Iron county
officials and wine they had confis-
Gated was taken from them, according
10 word brought to Chicago by Leo
j. Grove Of Marquette, supervising
prohibition agent for the upper pen
Ursula.
Major Dalrymple appealed to Attor-
ney General Palmer, through Assist
ant Prohibition Director Gaylord, TO
order warrants issued for the arrest
OF the prosecutor, two deputy sheriffs,
two police officers and three residents
Of Iron River, mining village.
While Washington was Setting the
legal machinery In motion, Dalrymple
issued orders for company Of picked
prohibition agents to gather here pre-
paratory to starting on an armed ex-
pedltlon, which, he declared, will
clean UP" Iron county.
The attack on Grove and his party
occurred within two miles of the spot
where Captain Marsh of the constab-
ulary was recently shot by a boot
logger.
Grove, accompanied by Lieutenant
4. g, Strope and Troopers Master and
Kind of the state censtabulary, seized
eleven barrels of wine from Iron
River. The wine Is said to be held
BY John, Peter and Stephen Seal
tucci, wealthy Italians, who own the
packing plant and general store at
iron River. Grove loaded the liquor
INTO sleigh and started to move 1t
20 Caspian. Grove claims the county
officials took the wine from him, re-
turned 1t to the Italians, and told
hem to post an armed guard over it,
With orders to shoot If the federal
agents tried to regain possession.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1920-02-27
0MPROM|SE RAIL
BILL IS ADOPTED
THE EscH-cuMMiNs MEASURE 10
APPROVED BY THE LOWER
HOUSE OF CONGRESS.
Members are Warned by Supporters
That Defeat Of Measure Would Put
Half Of Roads In the Hands Of
Receiver Within Three Months.

Washington.Th The compromise Esch.
Cnmmlns railroad bill was approved
late Saturday night by the house
which adopted the conference report
after four hours Of debate. The house
adopted the conference report by d
vote Of $50 to boa clean margin OF
100 votes.
Adoption Of the conference report
came after the house had defeated.
223 to I'll, a motion to recommit,
Chairman Esch of the interstate com.
meree committee, In charge of the fight
on the floor, then called for the preyi-
0ns question and there was buzz In
the chamber AS the voting began.
There never was any doubt as to
the outcome, leaders said, although
the effect OF pressure from labor lead
ers against adoption Of the bill was ya.
rionsly interpreted. Representatives
Kitchen, Democrat, North Carolina, In
the closing argument against the bill,
declared that labor leaders had caused
at least dozen members who were
opposed 10 Ii to rally to its support,
During the debate, In which more
than score Of representatives took
part, Chairman Esch declared that the
roads would be handed back to their
wners on March /, regardless OF wheth
pr congress enacted legislation mean
while, but he warned the house that
defeat Of the bin ut this stage would
put half the roads Of the country In
the hands Of receivers In three months.
Representative Pou, Democrat, North
Carolina, painted ii more gloomy pie.
tnre by declaring that the country
would see the greatest financial disas-
ter in years If II gave mp the railroads
without enactment Of laws which would
give them the right to earn a fair
return.
Railroad administration estimates
place the net cost to the government |
81 federal control of the railroads at
S6S6, 100000. Chairman Esch Of the
commerce committee, told
the house IN opening debate on the con.
ference report on the compromise rail.
road bill.
This $6S6,O00,000 will have to be
off as Il war loss he said, |
zone may say 1t was expensive, but
II was worth the price. Without the
railroads, transportation would have
failed to supply our troops overseas"