davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-06-23
Ladies Free at East
 Lake Each Wednesday

Beginning Wednesday, Ladies Day will, be be observed at East Lake Park every week.
 Beginning today. ladies will be admitted free every Wednesday to the bathing beach. Those who are not equipped with bathing suits will be charged 30 cents.
 Several large church picnics are on the programme at the lake this week. Today the Pike Avenue Baptist Church of Ems ley and the Pratt City Baptist Church will hold their annual picnics at the park. On Thursday, June 24, the Thomas Pres- byterian Church and the Pratt City Pres oyterian Church will hold their picnics at East Lake.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-06-23
LOCKE TO RULE ON
 MILK INJUNCTION

Judge Hugh A. Locke of the chan cery division of the circuit court will render his decision in the injunction proceedings attacking the city's pas teurization ordinance this morning at 9:30 o'clock. This case was heard last week before Judge Locke, the argu- ments taking up the entire week and was submitted to him Saturday after noon. He stated he would render decision yesterday. but on account of other work the case was postponed until this morning.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-06-23
CIVIC ASSOCIATION TO HELP ENTERTAIN VETERAN CONVENTION

For the purpose of conducting among
 the membership of the Civic Associa-
 ton and the people of Birmingham
 campaign to secure homes for the dele
 gates to the Rainbow convention ana
 reunion to be held here July l2-l5, a
 strong committee has been appointed by E. B. Irwin. president of the Civic
 Association.
 The committee is composed of Frank Es Butler. N. l.. Bagley, H. E. Strong, F. ". Brandon, Charles A Calhoun' Robert M. Brown. Frank B. Clark, J. l.. Conner. Seth M. Wood. P w. Gay,
 S. R. Hartley, Ben w. Lacy, Clarence H. Mullins, w. H. McGowan, R. r. Me David. Jr.; G. B. Mcvay, Jr; w. H. | Saddler, Jr.; R. l.. Sparkman, Il. " Trammell. R. B. Willis. l The association plans to care for a number of delegates among it's mem- bers and is making all efforts to that end.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-06-23
Service Badges for
 Red Cross Workers

Members of the Red Cross who saw as much as six months active service in Jefferson county are entitled to service badge. it is stated by Miss Irene Shields. executive secretary of the Jefferson county chapter
 The service badge is for volunteer work in the city and county during any period after the declaration of war It must include more than six months, or a total of 500 hours.
 Application for these badges should te made at once, Miss Shields said. They will be delivered about August l. and those who apply after that date will not secure one.
 Going with the badge is a certificate O fSerVice.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-06-23
EALaban1a Contention Special
 Reaches SaLt Lake City Today
Yesterday Morning Spent Sightseeing Trip Out of Colo rado Springs-Deegates Find Much McAdoo
 Sentiment Along Entire Route

special sightseeing excursion to Pike's Peak at 4:39 a. m. At noon today the trip was resumed, and the next stop scheduled is Salt Lake City Wednesday at noon.
 The party reached Pueblo at 2;3O Mon day afternon, and spent two hours sight seeing. The Alabama special was delayed on account of several other convention specials. As the Alabama special speed-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-06-23

Colorado Springs, Colo, June 22.-(Spe- cial)-The Alabama delegation to the san Francisco convention completed the third day of the journey at o'clock last night, when the convention special arrived at Colorado Springs, where the first break was made in the long trip to the Pacihc coast.
 After a nights rest the party took a
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30
NO FOR
OVERLAND TOURISTS
IN Raj RATE BOOST

The heavy increase IN both railroad
r~-sscnger rates and Pullman fares
holds no tcrrors for many long. dis
tauce tourists. who are seeing Amer
Ia First in the new Overland
economy car.
Neither is the increase n the cost
OF hotel accommodations bothering these
modern wanderers upon tbs face Of
tae earth. Twice within the last few
weeks the Wlllys-Overland company
q Toledo has received first hand in
formation Of how Overland tourists
are beating both the railroad rate and
note, rate boosts.
Recently George r. Klein OF Okla
bona city. Okla. who IS seeing Amer
ga ia an Overland touring car, pulled
IMP 10 the administration building Of
the Wtlys-Overland at Toledo. ohio.
end asked permission to pitch his .
e,. the lawn about the building. The
remission was %granted.
The Kleins left Oklahoma City on
Fob. . IN their Overland highway
Pullman" h car is so arranged
taat 1t can he converted into an in
1.tingly comfortable bed by lowering
the back Of the front seat and
stretching a light mattress over the
scat cushions.
on the running boards are metal
boxes containing provisions, cooking
ut snsiIs, clothing. a small gas stove.
ir fact everything that IS required
,ar an extended camping expedition.
The trip OF rhe Kleins has taken
TEN through Arkansas, Tennessee.
N.ssissippi, Alabama. Georgia Florida
N1rth n South Carolina, Virginia
delaware. Maryland. Pennsylvania.
Ne wYork, Connecticut. Massachusetts,
sew Hampshire. Vermont and part Of
canada They re-entered the United
States at Port Huron. Mich. Travelled
TO Detroit and Toledo and before re
tlrning 70 Oklahoma VIII travel
through Illinois, Wisconsin. minnesota.
Iowa and Missouri They have travelled
q. 600 miles IN their new Overland and
have averaged more than 20 miles TO
the gallon of gasoline.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30
TUMULTY DOES NOT
CONFLICT NTH RAYSON
Br JACK RoYL.E

STAFF CORRESPONDENT !, N. SERVICE
WASHINGTON. Oct. Is no
conflict between lr. ffte
dents physician, and Secretary Tunulty
as to the presidents condition. it was
stated at the White House today.
Secretary Tumulty's speech last night
which showed that the president is still
q sick man. does not conflict with the
repeated statements OF Or. Grayson. 1t
was said.
Dr.. Grayson stated that the presidents
recovery is a SLOW process the president
is gaining slowly. and his condition
now is better than it has been since his
Illness.
Il was pointed out that Or. Grayson
has never attempted to show that the
president has fully recovered. but has
always stated that his recover will be
a long process. Ii was also pointed
out that Secretary Tumulty had dis
closed the fact that the president in
tends TO devote his time 70 writing a
book after he leaves the White House,
and indicated that the presidents con-
dition vas such that he is already
making plans for his future after March
4th.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30

mcrly associated with at their home IN
Park Manor, with sixteen guests, l2
from this city and four from the Mark
Addition being present and enjoying
cards throughout the evening with
awards gong TO Mr.. and Mrs. Roy
Clark. Mrs. Garrett Fagen, Mrs. Omar
Glass and the Messrs J. P. Bedford,
Robert Pujolas and \. LaBouf.
The Home Economic department OF
the East Chicago Woman's club will
suspend their meeting scheduled for
Monday evening and announce the
meeting for the week following when
members ard their husbands viii 20 10
the Ward Bakeries OF Chicago and view
the process used III the commercial
making Of the Ward supplies. The
meeting OF Monday evening, November
LIST was cancelled owing to the close
proximity OF election day ard the meet
ing occurring the night before that date.
Mrs. Robert Pujolas OF Parrish ave.
entertained Il large assemblage Of her
guests to honor her birthday %anniveT-
sary and cards was the feature of the
affair with honors going to Mrs. 81.
Walsh. Mrs. Roy Clark and Mr.. Cor
don Pujolas. husband OF the hostess.
a delightful luncheon was served at
the conclusion Of the games.
4 truck load Of young people from
East Chicago. Whiting. South Chicago
and Hammond journey to the farm of
John Gustsfson near Griffith. and chap
eroned b. Mr.. and Mrs. John Kleinr1an.
The party was held complimentary to
the daughter OF the household. Miss
Constant. A course dinner was served
and = very merry time entered into
with all sorts OF games forming the
diversion.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward BiBhl or Hem
lock 81. will spend tomorrow in Chi
cago dining with friends and accom-
panied by Nj. and Mrs. \ Larson from
here.
4 party OF youthful folks comprising
Miss Genevieve Ansley. Jean Campbell,
Bernice Mckimpson ard Ina McQuiIken
entertained at the Campbell home last
evening at a Halloween event. Fourteen
were present.
Mrs. willis Amicls. a bride OF a
month ago. viii be entertained At the
hoIae OF her mother. Mrs. Fletcher IN
Drummond St. on Monday evening.
Mrs Amick was Miss Sarah Fletcher
formerly. The event i to be A mis-
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30
UGLY MOOD
IN IRELAND
At ENGLISH
ur DANIEL o'coNNELL

TINES BuREA At STATE CAriTALI
CORK. Oct. 5o.-Long before tho
first rays OF the rising sun added their
gold TO the colors Of the flag Of the
republic or Ireland" auttering at half
mast atop the city hall Of his ancient
Celtic town, a huge throng Of mourn
ers had gathered outside. Within.
-uarded by an honor squad Of Irish
Volunteers. lies the body OF Terence
NacSwiney. who as lord mayor OF this
cry. walked scores of times each DAY
orross the very spot where his Rover
celked coffin now rests. The body
vIl TO in state there until the solemn
funeral services tomorrow morning.
Only a few PAGES from where the cas-
set stands A~IacSwlney was arrested on
Aue lc. the day he began the hunger
strike that ended his life last Monday
ia Brixton prison. London
Angry muttering ran through the
ranks 81 the crowd outside the city
barD 1t was restrained expression OF
he spirit of intense Indignation that
sweeping across the length and
breadth Of Iceland today as a result Of
thc British governments eleventh hour
move yesterday in diverting Mac
suiney's body from Dublin. It's original
destination where a huge ~demonstTa-
ton was planned. direct TO Cork.
From Holyhead and Dublin came re-
prrts eraiy today of an ugly n1oou
Shown by The thousands Il both towns
VINO had counted on being allowed 20
pay q last tribute to the dead lord
mayor whose name is already a house
ho'i word throughout Erin as that Of
q ventieth century martyr.
livery possible ~precaution was being
-aAcn by the British government early
today not only here IN Cork. where
Demonstrations are locke for with
certainty bat in every city. town and
hamlet in ireland.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30
WANDERER
HAS ESCAPED
THE GALLONS
Former Army Officer Guilty
of Brutal Murders Only
Gets Is Years
usrrsnArIoNA, news SERVICE,

CHICAGO. Oct 30.-Carl Wanderer,
former army lieutenant. faces a TWEEN
ty-hve year term IN the penitentiary
today for the murder of his wife. but
nevertheless he IS Just about the hap
piest prisoner IN the county jail. For
Wanderer has escaped the rope; has
beaten every effort Of the state to send
him 10 the g%aIlows.
The verde o fthe jury late yester-
day finding Wanderer guilt yos murder
and sentencing him 10 25 years in the
~penI.entiary was a distinct surprise.
/. was reached by the jurors after "a
hours OF elaboration.
Wandercr, who was accused OF hir-
ing q d~erelict from the streets to tage
q fake hold-up. confessed IA one time
70 shooting his wife and her unborn
child and the poor boob he vas said
TO have hired. The contention Of the
defense was that his confession had
been obtained by the police through
third degree" methods Wanderer
repudiated h confession on the wit
ness stand.
Determined efforts we're made ~
Assistant States Atty. James c.
Ropes" O'Brien. 10 send Wanderer 20
thc gailows. O'Brien IS considering
pians today for trying wanderer a sec
oud time for the staying Of the rag
ged stranger" whose body stiu lice II
the morgue, and has today been partly
Identified as tina OF John Barrett. a
former soldier in the Canadian army.
waudercr was found guilty of the
murder Of his wife only.
With the customary time allowances
for good behavior. il would be posi-
Bile for Wanderer 70 attain his freedom
after he has served fourteen years OF
his % year sentence.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30
TO SPEAK BEFORE cLUB

J. y. Zion. the Farmer-Labor can
d date for governor of Indiana. VIII
be the speaker next Monday night. the
T. sht before election at the meeting
Of the Congregational Mems CLUB Of
East Chicaso. The club has devoted
the two previous meetings to = dis
cussion OF politics with the first ono
a defense or the league Of nations by
a democratic speaker and the second
one an attack upon the league by a
republican speaker. The meeting next
Monday night will give the people an
opportunity 10 hear tho Farmcr-La-
Dor side OF the question. Everyone.
men and women arc invited 10 attend
the meeting. which will open az &
O'Clock.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30
TORNADOES AM MA
Rooms PLAY SUNDAY

The newly organized scatena Tor
ADDE'S and the South Side Maroons
viii open their football season Sunday
when both cams meet at Wentworth
park, West Hammond. Both-teams arc
in good shape and the game should be
a corkev.
Manager Jones said last night that
his team Will be in frst class shape
when the team lines up Sunday. The
Maroons have been practicing every
night under the direction Of q veteran
college man and he sure has put
plenty Of pep into the boys. 4 iarg
crowd is expected at this game as
both team have e great following
The Maroon lineup will be as follows.
F. Wircu. G.; Bereseh. r. 4, Miller. /. T.,
Mozsk. T. C.. Kamiski. l. -: Skully. r.
z; Zimmerman. !. <; Chayken. a.. Nc
Anec. l., H.; Kowalski. +. b: Fhgers, r. n.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30
SAYS E IS
NO HOPE YET
ny MILDRED NORRIS

fFTkFF CORRESPONDENT I. y. SERVICE
WASHINGTON. Oct. Gs.-There Is
no hope Of a radical or permanent re-
duction in the cost # living accord
us 10 w. Jett LAues. consulting
economist and recognized authority
OH prlces-
As wholesale prices now stand he
stated. they are approximately 134 per
cent higher than they were before tbs
war.
Thus far the reduction II who'll
sale prices have mad very small effce.
upon the necessary outlay OF The ave.
aee family. Lauck said The ulti-
mate consumer. up % this time, has
found relief only in a slight reduction
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30
An HONEST WOMAN

East Chicago has at least one honest
person. She is Mrs. Lillian smith of
south Boring avenue.
After finding $50 in the vacant lot
At the corner or Chicago and Barring
on Wednesday evening she
vas among the first to get q copy 81
Thursdays Tirnes and glance through
the Lost and Found column. she
found the owners ad and returned the
money.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30
AUTO COLLISION

John Braz. 2l0e 18TH street and A.
:. Polk. 37S2 Alder street. both OF In
diana Harbor. last evening collided at
the corner OF 13sth and Cedar streets
ard although the machines were badly
damaged no one Vas hurt. Polk was
driving south Of Cedar street and Brsz
was going east on lSsth az the time
o. the accident.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30
LIVE NEWS
FROM THE
TWIN CITIES
TWO DOZEN roo MANY

There is one OF East Chicaso.s oak-
ers who objects 10 too much personal
police protection.
The baker in question a well known
youth side man. complains that the
POLICEMAN on the beat stops every
night at his bakery shop ana while
passing the time Of night east dough-
nuts. sometimes as many es two dozen
. night. And he bad phase OF Il all
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30

The Young Married People cub of
the First " +. church OF East Chicago
viii hold a Halloween party honoring
Mr.. and Mrs. \. II. Watts who arc dc
parting soon for Lansing, Mich. this
evening. in the parlors OF the church
Mr.. and Mrs. J. T. Geraldine. former
Indiana fiarbor residents, entertained
the club from this city they we're for
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30

is that the policeman neglects to pay
for the sinkers.
During the last tNo weeks the baker
has kept a record and says that the
police othcer has doened q total or
$50 choice doughnuts.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30

in food and clothing. As applied TO
this total outlay for himself and his
family this has IA TO only ap-
proNimately FIVE per cent. The cost II
fuel light. housing and sundrles con-
tinucs 20 advance.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30

c%ellaneous shower to which many Of her
friends are invited.
The Boy Scout Troop No. I vas led IN
a feed fest al the Riley school by II.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30
CHICAGO LIVESTOCK

HOGs-Receipts. 5000; market IO7
15c higher. bulk. 12.so613. top, s1s.15.
heay,- weight. l2.50@ 1910; medium
weight. 12.so6I3.15: light weight.
Je.500I3.1O. light light I2.5oG 1855;
heavy packing sows, smooth, 12l5@
1c.4o; packing sowS- rough, li.S5 q
1915; pigs. l2.2o6 1880.
C.ATTLE-Receipts. 1000.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30

BUTTER - Receipts. 5.30s tubs;
creamery. extra. soc. drsts. $50 5sc;
packing stock. 25QS2c.
EGGS-Recetpcs .s,745 cases current
receipts. 40 ste. ordinary drsts, 511
5Sc; hrsts. $50 5sc: extra. 6.q e3c;
checks, 500 &c. dirties, So 45c.
CHEESE-Tvins, new. 22izc; daisies.
22E q 23c; young Americas. 3osc,
longhorns. % y q CSC. brick. 2o021c.
LIVE POULTRY-Turkeys. S5ci
chickens. e2427c: springs. 2sc, zoos
ters. 22c; geese. 25c; ducks, 28e.
PoTATOES-Eeceipts, 10i cars: Min
nesota and Dakota, ohios. $3.50 Q 40.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30

CHICAGO VEAL-se TO SO lbs. Is
15c. 10 70 so lbs. 1611sc. 50 to 100 lbs.
l9d21c fancy. 22c; overweight kidneys.
14o 20 175 lbs. 13Q16c.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30

". Dickus. instead Of meeting a. the
regular session this week.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1920-10-30

Try a Times Want Ad'
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-11-17

ence. They can't be had because the
incumbents can't be removed except on
charges. That is another detail also
for most OF the thousands OF clerks,
having come from northern states, are
Republicans anyway and therefore
doubly sure of their Jobs.
o.. But the chief clerkships. the bureau
heads, the assistant bureau chiefs, the
assistant secretaries of thi- and that, the
commissioners and assistant commits
sioners, the fourth assistant postmaster
generals and the fifth assistant attorney
generals and all the other chiefs and
sub chiefs OF all the executive depart
ments---numbering hundreds. at least
are political appointees and subject to
replacement by deserving Republicans
at the first opportunity.
Outside of Washington are all the
United States marshals, collectors OF
internal revenue, customs appraisers,
thousands Of deputies and clerks-none
under civil service, and all forming part
of the spoils Of politics. Literally, there
are millions of dollars worth Of Jobs
in the country at large to be distributed
to many more millions OF lob hunters.
Diplomatic Plums Sought
In the diplomatic service some dozen
ambassadors and thirty odd minis
ters mot necessarily graduates Of any
theological seminary are to be ap-
pointed by the incoming administration
There Is something about an ambassa.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-11-17
s,om u stag Correspondent

Washington, Nov. II. 1--WE are
coming, Father Gamaliel, 5000 strong
4---" ,
Tfrot TO "Father Gamaliel," the song
Of the 1920 patronage army may be ad-
,,resaed to "Uncle Warren" title be-
slowed at Marion, o. But regardless
~ is dedication. the song will be the
same. 1t will relate to jobs, Jobs and
more jobs, with few positions and some
.rec;al honors and honorariums thrown
ia fer gcoi measure.
,Yeors cgone the song was: Tramp.
Tramp, Tramp, the Boys Are March =
;ns /" That still holds good Only this
YEAR there will be lighter footsteps to
heep pace with the heavy tread Of the
bows OF the cd brigade. Some fifteen or
twenty million women and girls voted
or nigh. have voted-in this recent
Election. Judging from the returns, all
bnt one or two of them voted for Warre''
Gamalici Harding. And IL they are II
nolitics for the same reason many mcr
ara In politics, several million Of th
female of the species are in what nigh;
be termed an acceptant II not expectant
frame of mind.
FIRST Applicant Registers Early
Hardy was the ink dry on the last
city editions Of the morning newspaper
of Nov, .nber 3-announcing the Hard
Inc tidal wave--when the first job
hunter ~ register officially in this haven
of Jobs appeared at the United States
Caritol. He walked nonchalantly into
the Office of the sergeant at arms of the
House of Representatives, presided over
rs It so happens. by Pennsylvania,
Joseph G. Rogers. 1t is not recorded
that Mr.. Rodgers was present. II he
lad Keen, the visitor. not being Penn
sylvana and owing no especial allie =
rinucc TO UE..eu States Senator Pen :
rose, might ha,e been invited to shut
tie door from the outside. But at any
ratc---
This locks like a pretty good place, "
The visitor ORR, d. admiring the frescoes
and the atmosphere of leisure observable e
in nil directions Are there any jobs
here?"
.'Jots!" Indignantly exclaimed the
second assistt Mt cashier. what do you
menu-jobsi'
why, amt you fellows all Demo
crats?"
mo, we're not was the reply.
But what's that 60 to do with itI''
"Why." elucidated the visitor, I'm
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1920-11-17
d. S. ARMY OF JOB HUNTERS
MOVES SWIFTLY ON CAPITAL
In Its Ranks Are Many Women Whose Lighter Steps Ar,
Expected to Mingle With the Tramp, Tramp Tramp
of the Old Brigade

a Republican. an Harding has won, an
here AMI want n job"
1t took the sergeant at arms force
a minute or two to recover from the
shock. Finally one Of them explained
quite gently, that President. elect Hard
ing was not President Harding as yet !;
that the employers in the sergeant at
arms Office are Republicans anyway,
being under the patronage of Repub-
lican House, and that 1t wasn't likely,
etc., etc., ETC., etc. but IL the visitor
would care to leave his name and ad-
dress, they would notify him If anything
turned up, etc., etc.
lie did. His name doesn't matter,
but he came from the congressional
district of Representative Frederick G..
Hicks, Of New York, which may or may
not be significant.
More Jobs Than Ever Before
There IL this about the new army.
too. 1t won't be draft army. Not
~. nou.'o &c iobs. They're all vol :
unteers, and the boys from up country
do say ss how enlistments are increas :
ing ire mendously.
This is logical, too, for, there are
more Republicans and more jobs than
there ever were before, and these two
facts in combination promise puzzle
that will keep somebody, or perhaps
several persons. Dusy slALeen nUu.s Il
day from now until long after ali til,
Jobs are filled. Several thousand, TO b,
extremely conservative, have been ere
ated by force of circumstance since
Republicans were last in power, and
these are now about to be passed arount
among the deserving and those who car
convince the appointing authority the,
are deserving.
To begin: There is the cabinet. Like
Massachusetts,. there she stands -
Ten good jobs. paying s12 900 and q
lot of criticism each year, both salaries
and criticisms guaranteed for four
years, to say nothing Of getting one'
name in who's What and Why Not, "
at 50 per throw. and in the Blue Book
Of Blue Bloods" for the price of sin =
gle volume. Any cabinet member vii
tell you it's worth the gaff. You can
stand lot Of criticism for S12 900 pei
year and place in history if you're
lucky.
Civil Service Rampant for Many
Most OF the jobs in Washington are
protected by civil service. They, how
ever, are the minor jobs-the clerkships
that nobody wanted in the era of in
fiation which preceded the return to
normally. Whether they will be more
popular hereafter makes little differ