davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1920-11-11
TACNA AND AFRICA: STA.
MESE TWINS OF
GEOGRAPHY

Tacna and africa The words are
fast becoming as inseparable as the
Gold Dust Twins. the Dolly Sisters. or
Mutt and Jeff.
The regions form a territorial bone
Of contention among Chile, Peru and
Bolivia. The province of Tacna, COM
posed OF the department OF Tacna and
africa, is shown on maps made In Chile
as the northernmost province of that
country. and on maps made in Peru
as the southernmost province OF Peru,
bordered on the month by the Rio
Sania and Oh the east by Bolivia.
Its broad uplands are rich In nitrate,
and on the Bay OF AFRICA, at the ter
minus of one railroad leading to La
Paz and the interior of Bolivia, and
of another running 10 ports TO the
south. the delightful city. of africa Is
situated, giving the possessor Of the
territory great advantage In South
American affairs from both political
and commercial standpoints. Here Is
ample reason why these two South
American republics want il, and why
Bolivia hopes that, in the adjustment
she will have an outlet 10 the sea ac-
corded her
The trouble over this region arose
originally from the fact that, in the
day. of the early Spanish settlers, the
country was so vast that a few hun
dred square miles more or less made
no difference In the affairs OF the col
ony, and when the colonies organized
themselves into republics they still
were too busy with their internal prob
lens 10 bother about where their
boundaries began and where they end
ed. This condition was true not only
Of Peru. Chile and Bolivia, but OF most
Of the other South American republics,
as Indicated by the numerous bound
AIRY questions which have been in dis
pute during the last decade
So matters drifted until the middle
of the nineteenth century, when guano
and nitrate were discovered in this
formerly ignored region. The guano
alone was then hastily estimated as
worth $90.OOOoOO. not 70 mention the
nitrate What friends could be ex-
pected to remain friendly with such
a mountain Of dollars between ihemf
Since that time the Peru Chile Bolivia
story has been one Of controversies,
treaties. counter-charges and plebi-
settles never taken.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1920-11-11
Lester A. Sharp
WIN. L I'LL

surviving executors of the last will Of
Ammi W Wright. deceased
William ~. Bahkc. Attorney. ss-l9-e
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1920-11-11
THE MAIL MAN: COURIER
OF CIVILIZATION

Did IL ever occur To YOU that your
city letter carrier. your village post
master or your rural route carrier has
. paStf
He Is the agent by which the long
arm Of Uncle sam taps your shoulder
one. two, maybe three times day. yet
he is SO unobtruSive that you probably
d. not know him half So we'll as most
o,her> agents OF your government. the
school teacher or the policeman, for
example.
But he not only is an essential. hut
= historic figure The history of the
postal service and It's employees eN-
tends 10 the days OF the Romans when
the earliest known means of tran smit-
ting a message was by cvirier. These
admirable organizers. the Romans,
marked by post" the place In the
road where the relay of one runner by
another was effected thus they named
orr system long before 1t was born.
The first letter post seems to have
existed I'm the Hanse towns I'm the
thirteenth century in order 10 facili-
tate relations between the merchants
OF the various members of the Han
seattle League
The British post office had its be-
ginning in the sixteenth century. and
our own colonial methods Of handling
mil were Inherited from our British
fcrefathers. Long before the people
he'd any means of exchanging either
personal or official letters. the king had
established system OF conveying his
personal messages aud official docu-
II entS by royal messengers. In the
reign Of King John that petulant mon
arch paid out large sum for a postal
service and charged it to the house
hold and wardrobe accounts Messen-
gers who were thus entrusted with
matters Of state had 10 be above Sus
picion They went the whole dis
tsnce and were paid according to the
length and danger Of their Journeys.
In 1895 New England proposed To
tie British sovereign that postofiice
system be established in the colonies.
as II was $50 useful and absolutely
necessary" His majesty paid no at
tention TO the plea. but Richard Fair
banks. in the same year. set up an
Office in Boston to receive letters from
ships. He undertook TO deliver the
letters received and charged penny
for each letter. lie also received mail
for outgoing ships. but no one was
forced to send mail through his office.
A thrilling story of the devotion Of
mail men to their duties is that Of the
pony express. the first rapid transit
mail line across the 1866 miles of
prairie. desert snow-capped mountsip
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1920-11-11
nest and foraging for food and be

nest and foraging for food and be
come converted into flagons by dis
tending the crop TO such enormous dl-
mansions that the abdomen looks like
transparent bead. In this condition
they hang by their claws from the roof
or the nest chamber and thenceforth
spend all their lives receiving liquid
food from the tongues Of the foraging
ants. storing IL In their crops and re-
gurgitating II to hungry individuals
when the liquid food supply outside
the nest becomes inadequate.
This is. of course. apt 10 he the
case periodically in dry regions. so
that we find the true honey ants only
In deserts like those of the southwest
ern states. northern Mexico. South Az
RIGA and central Australia"
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1920-11-11
WARSAW: THE PARIS OF
POLAND

No other people, In all the worlds
history, has borne oppression so brave
~ and gloriOuSly as the POLES. except
the Jews; and Warsaw, where the
Russians had To keep a garrison OF
100000 troops to overawe city of
100000 people" is 70 Poland what
Paris is to France
Indeed the vivacity. the gayety and
the quick Wit of. Warsaw's people are
constant reminder of Paris; as well
as those deeper likenesses which
spring from Warsaws ascendancy. In
the letters the arts and the social
graces.
All this, too. In a city where the
most gruesome tragedies have stalked.
AS recently as the years of our own
Civil war the Russian army moved
down thousands OF men and women
as they knelt In the snow, singing their
national anthem. Deportations are an
old story in Warsaw, every effort at
naturalization was followed by
slaughter. and hundreds marched the
long trail 10 Siberian exile
But Poand's spirit meanwhile. be-
came a synonym for the indomitable
The success Of the classification of Pc
land has been described as the process
of keeping 1900 900 Poles pinned TO
Russia by bayonets. Politically non
existent. for even .Poland's name was
expunged from all official Russian rec
ords. the pre-war Warsaw WED with
world capitals in science, particularly
medicine, in manufa cturing. In trade
and In literature.
Though Warsaw betrayed none OF
the grimneSS characteristic Of Russian
cities. reminders of her by-gone glories
and tragedies were TO be found even
before the World war restored her au-
tocrscy.
In the Lazienh gardens Is a monu-
ment to John Sobieski. who stemmed
the advance of the Turks i'm Europe a
figure as picturesque as Paderewski
who now sees his land a barrier 10 Dol
shevism's westward spread. II was in
1862 that a Turkish force had thrown
itself in crescent formation around VI
fiihds III WIS NV Use
threatening because IL resembled cir
Gus rather than a siege, with its herds
of camels. and luxurious tents with
baths and parrots within and foun-
tains without.
Mighty events often hinge on slen-
der circumstances. Sobieski hestated
because Leopold. Austria's emperor
first declined 10 address him as
"Your Majesty" But Sobieskis hesi-
tation is said 10 have vanished when
he learned that the French ambassa-
dor had written to Louis XIV, who
rather hoped for the worst for Aus
tria. Don't trouble yourself, SObieski
is too fat 10 Sit on horse and fight
The "'fat man" rode his charger into
the thick of the sght. helping heW his
way TO where the Turkish grand viz
Ter stood, and after the battle handed
one Of that dignitary's stTups TO an
aide. with the command. Take it 10
the queen and tell her that ne to whom
II belonged is defeated and slain"
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1920-11-11
HOW ANTS CAN HINDER
AIRPLANES

Ants have assumed new role In
Africa-rhat Of enemies Of aviation.
Reports from surveyors of the pro
posed air route from Rhodesia 10 Cape
town SAY that ant hills have inter
fered seriously with the placing OF
aerOdromes.
To understand this phenomenon one
must understand how ubiquitous is the
ant in South Africa. writes William
Morton Wheeler to the National Geo
graphic society. He continues
ANTS are To be found everywhere
from the arctic regions 10 the tropics
froms timber line ON the loftieSt noun
tans 10 the shifting sands or the
dunes and seashores, and from the
dampest forests TO the drieSt deserts
Not only do they outnumber in indi-
viduale all other terrestrial animals
but their colonies even in very circum-
scribed localities often defy enumcra-
ton
"One Suhiamily of the ants. the
Dorylinae. embracing the wonderful
driver ants OF Africa and the DICTIONARY
ants OF the American tropics are high
~ caruivorous. but nevertheless sue
coed in forming immense colonies. oft
en- OF hundreds Of thousands Of iudi-
vidualS This they accomplish by re-
linquishng the sedeniary habits 80
characteristic of the great majority Of
ants They keep moving in long files
through the iunres capturing err kill
Ing all The insects they encounter. and
even overrunning dwellings. and IN
their search for cockroaches and 9th
or ver1nin driving out the human in
hahitantS.
Prom time 10 time these strange
ants bvouac for the night or for a
few days in some hole i'm be ground.
or under q tree. hut soon continue
their predatory march. Evidently
they are able 10 remain carnivorous.
and AZ The same time 10 develop large
colonies. only because they are nomsd-
IT, and can thus draw their food sup
PLY from large arca
"Ceriain individuals. The 'rc'nletes OF
thu colony refrain from leaving the
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1920-11-11
MORTGAGE SALE

WHEREAS, default has been made in the
payment Of the money secured by mort
gage dated the second day OF March; IN ths
wear 1911 executed by Joshua l.. Miller and
Frances Miller, his wife. of the city of Al
ma, county of Gratot, State Of Michigan.
10 Ammi w. Wright of the same place,
which said mortgage recorded In the
office of the Register Of Deeds of the coun-
ty of Gratiot in liber l24 of mortgages
page AL, on the 14th day of April in the
year 1911 at eleven o. CLOCK A. NJ. And
whereas, the amount claimed to be due upon
said mortgage ut the date Of this notice is
the sum of fifty three hundred forty-two and
ninety hundredths dollars (s5342. e0) of
principal and interest and the further cost
of this foreclosure. and which is the whole
amount claimed 10 be unpaid said mort
gage. and suit proceeding having been
instituted at law TO the debt now
remaining secured by said mortgage or any
part thereof. whereby the power OF sale con-
tanned in the said mortgage has become
operative.
NOW. THEREFORE. notice is hereby
given. that by virtue of the said power OF
sale and in pursuance of the statute in such
case made and provided. the said mortgage
will be foreclosed by sale of the premises
therein described. at public auction 70 the
highest bidder at the front door OF the court
house at Ithaca. Michigan. in said county of
Gratiot. on the third day of January. 1921
next. at ten clock in the forenoon OF that
day which sad premises are described in
said mortgage as follows. to-wit. The north
west quarter of section sixteen (l6) and the
south fifty 900 acres of the east half of
the northeast quarter Of section seventeen
q. 90 A. OF Ei2 OF NEh, ~ and beginn-
ing at point sixty-seven and one-third rods
south and eighty rods west Of the northeast
corner of the northeast quarter of section
seventeen ll7) thence north on the half.
quarter line seven and one-third rods TO the
southwest corner of the north thirty acres
OF the east half Of the northeast quarter Of
said section seventeen thence west about ten
ana nine-tenths rods (l0.9R) 10 the center
OF Pine River. thence southerly nm the
channel OF said river 20 a point directly VEST
OF the place of beginning. thence east about
ten and nine-tepths rods 1O.gR) 20 place
OF beginning. being strip of land contain
ing one-half acre lying between Pine River
on the west and the north a south half
quarter line on the east all of above lands
being IN township eleven Gl north. range
three go west. and subject 20 the Right ~
flowage 10y the waters Of said Pine River
owned or controlled by the owners of tho
Alma Roller Mills in the city of Alma.
Michigan '"
Dated Alma. Michigan. 2nd day of octo-
her. 1920
Lester A. Sharp
Willis r. Knowlton
surviving executors of the last will Of
Ammi W. Wright. deceased
William ~. Bahlkc. ATTORNEY ss-I9c
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1920-11-11
LEGAL NOTICES

STATE OF MICmGAN-The Probate Court
for the County Of Gratiot
Estate Of Lydia Kehn, Deceased.
John d. Sppney. administrator of said
estaA has filedhn this Court his Final Ac-
count. and tho same will be heard at the
Probate Offica1n the 18th day Of November.
1920. at ten o'clock in the forenoon,
All persons interested are requested TO be
present on that day and show cause. II any,
Shv the same should not be allowed.
Dated. October 18th. 1920.
j. LEE POTTS.
A true copy. Attest Judge Of Probate
ELLEN NJ PRESLEY.
Register of Probate. fO-aw
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1920-11-11
STEEL AFFECTED BY FIRE
Figures Gathered by the United States
Bureau Of Standards Reveal Sta
bility Of Structure.

Some interesting figures relating 10
the behavior Of structural steel al the
high temperature IF ordinary fires
have been given by the United States
bureau Of standards Naturally, the
strength Of steel al high temperatures
has very important bearing upon
the stability Of structure which may
he subjected 10 fire without any pro
tective covering. steel columns fail
after only 10 or - minutes OF expos
ure 10 temperatures such as are
reached in ordinary fires. Resistance
can be greatly increased by the use of
coverings Of brick concrete. plaster
tile, etc. TO such an extent that col
umns so protected are unaffected after
several hours exposure To intense
heat. says the New York Evening
Post
Tests have been made 10 determine
the compression strength OF specimens
Of structural steel when heated in an
electric furnace TO temperatures cor
responding 20 dun red heat q 100 de
grees FahrenheiO and loaded MP to
10000 pounds per square inch. II was
found that structural steel loaded To
10000 pounds per square inch fails al
about 1.0s5 degrees Fahrenheit, and
under o load of 10000 pounds per
square inch failure occurs at 925 de.
grees Fahrenheit. For practical con
sidera lions, however. the limit of ufil-
ity may he regarded rs reached at
temperatures Of about 100 degrees
Fahrenheit below those given above.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1920-11-11
For a Disordered Stomach.

When the stomach fails TO per-
form its functions the bowels become
deranged, the liver and Kidneys con-
gested. The important thing is TO
restore the stomach and liver to a
healthy condition and for this pur-
pose Chamberlain's Tablets are ex-
cellent. Give them trial. They
only cost "A quarter-72-4w.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1920-11-11

"The Fall of Babylon" -- Coming
adv.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1920-10-26
GIRL HERMIT { {
BACK IN SKIRTS
Lived Four Months In Lonely
Cabin in Mountains to
Forget Love
Affair.
THEN BROKE HER ARM
Prepares to Return to Eastern Home
After Returning to Civilization
Because Of Acct
dent.
THEN BROKE HER ARM

limited Press Leased Wire Service j
VENICE, Calf, Oct. 26.-After
living the life of hermit for four
months because of disappointment
in love, Miss Mary Speer, 81, of Cam
den. N. j., said she was today pre-
pairing to return to her eastern home.
A broken arm brought the pretty
girl back to civilization, according to
the story she told DR.. G. w. Craik,
who dressed the injury at the emer-
gency hospital here.
She had lived since June Is in a
rudely constructed hut in the Santa
Monica mountains, all alone, trying
to forget the Establishments Of the
past, she said.
IT have not heard from home since
/ left, but l am going to write long
letter to daddy tonight" Miss Speer
told DR.. Craik
Eyes, it got lonesome sometimes,
but found that l worried lot less
when l was all by myself" she said.
Skirts certainly seem strange after
four months in trousers"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1920-10-26
Prince Paul Is Called.

LONDON, Oct 26.-Prince Paul
has been called to the Greek throns
to succeed his brother, Alexander,
the Greek legation announced today.
Because OF Paups absence from
the country, a regency will be estab-
lished, council OF cabinet minister's
ruling the country until this is ac-
complished, 1t Was said.
The legation made public mcs-
sage from the council Of ministers I,
tho public. It read
'sIn accordance with constitutions.
order, Prince Paul has been called TO
the throne, but owing to his absence
from Greece and existing relations
between the government and ex-Kin:,
Constantfhe's family. the government
has conyoked the chamber, which
will elect a provisional regent Mean
time. the constitutional power OF roy-
atty win be exercised by the council
of ministers"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1920-10-26
Monarch Dies of Blood Poisoning Which Fol-
lowed Bite of Animal Few
Days Ago.
WHO WILL BE NEXT RULER??I.
Younger Brother Paul May Not be Available
and Cry for Republic May be Raised
Again.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.1
ATHENS, Oct. 26.-King Alexan-
der Of Greece died yesterday after
noon at 4:10. Death resulted from
apparently trivial injuries sustained
when the king was bitten by pet
monkey. Blood poisoning developed
from the bites.
The death of. the king raised the
question of succession. Who will
name the next ruler and who it shass
be were causes Of speculation. King
Alexander was the second son OF the
deposed King Constantine and the
presumptive is Alexander's younger
brother, Paul, will succeed to the
throne. However. the question OF
Paul's availability has been raised
and. the suggestion made that q
foreign prince be given the throne.
In 1917 an attempt was made to
declare a republic with Premier
!Venizelos as the first president. 1t
was regarded as possible that the
cry would be raised again.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1920-10-26
New Plan Proposed.

plan for disposal of packer interests
in stock yards under the recent dis
solution agreement made with the
government was submitted to the
District Of Columbia supreme court
today.
The department Of Justice an
nounced it is considering the plan
which provides five trustees to handle
years during which the packers would
gradually dispose of their interests
to producers and livestock men. The
trustees would be appointed by the
court
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1920-10-26
ANXIOUS
To AVOID
B|gNR|kE
Miners inA Inference With
Preni lloyd George
Il ttle Diff
''''''.
PRODUCTION INCREASE
PRODUCTION INCREASE
Two Shilling Raise in Wages Witt
More Coal Turned Out, Expect
ed to End the
Trouble.
[By Charles M. Mccain, United Press
Staff Correspondent

[By Charles M. Mccain, United Press
Staff Correspondent.
LONDON, Oct. 26.-An agreement
to end the British coal strike appeared
at hand today All miners union ex-
ecutives attended a conference with
Premier Lloyd-George at 1880 a. m,
indicating formal negotiations had re-
placed conversations"
Frank Hodges. secretary of tn,
miners federation, supported that in
depreciation when he said the confer
ence of delegates would decide wheth-
er the proposed terms should be ap-
proved and submitted to q union bal
lot.
The terms were said unofficially to
provide two shilling per day IN
crease for the miners with a stipula
tion for increased production.
Laborites were understood to regard
the plan for increased production as a
dangerous precedent, but they were
anxious to avoid a general strike.
The fear had grown that If a general
strike did develop, Lloyd-George would
seize upon it to call general cleo
tion on the issue nation versus I'M
ions" In that event they foresaw the
return of the Lloyd-Georse govern
ment by heavy majorities.
Meanwhile, the trades union con
gress went ahead with plans for an ex-
ecutive meeting Wednesday,. Origin
ally called to see what should be dono
to support the miners, the congress
now will consider the general labor
situation.
There was said to be concerted
movement to create 4 high labor COM
mand and dissolve the council OF &C
tion, formed to aid in obtaining peace
with Russia.
The miners strike has been eSpcn-
sive for nation and men alike. Two
million workers were unemployed and
10000 more were on short time.
Three hundred and fifty thousands
were obtaining strike benefits. 1t was
estimated the disturbance had cost
tax payers s15,0OO,0 900 and the miners
have lost 100000 900 in wages. In ad-
dition, 100000 tons of coal that
should have been dug last week, re-
mains in the ground.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1920-10-26
Seek Mexican Murderer.

limited Press Leased Wire Service
NOGALES, Sonora, Oct. 26-Actins
on representations of the American
state department, Governor Boruuez.
of the state of Sonora, Mexico, today
despatched troops in search of Ramon
Navarro, Mexican miner, accused OF
the murder of Moses Sedey, American
mine foreman, at Cananca, Sonora
According TO an official report to F.
J. Duel. American consul at Nogales.
Sedcy was shot and killed by Nayar-
70 after a. dispute which had followed
Navarrs's. request for transfer to an
other job.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1920-10-26
Four Men are Held.

limited Press Leased Wire Service.l
NEVADA, Iowa, Oct. 26.--Four men
are being held in Story county Jail
here today, in connection with tho
murder of Andrew Jorgenson, a far
mer, 1t was announced at the sherif's
Office here today.
Two of the suspects, Jimmy Hanit!-
ton, Des Moines, and Roy Gins. Ne
vada. authorities said. confessed to
participating in the crime. Fred Ber-
~ and Ted Clark, Nevada, are the
other two suspects held.
Jorgenson was found dead on his
farm. near here. last Friday. His
skull had been crushed and his arms
were bound behind him with heavy
rope