Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1920-12-31
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

The World war was formally enueu
January 10 when Germany and four
teen Of the powers allied against her
In the war exchanged ratincations OF
the Treaty Of Versailles at Paris. The
United States,~~ however, was not
among the nations participating In this
ceremony, as the treaty had not been
ratified by the senate. ,r-.
The League Of Nations came into
actual being at Paris January 10 when
the executive council held its drst
meeting with representatives from Bel
GUM, Brazil, England. Italy, France,
Japan. Greece and Spain particlpat-
ing. ,.a.-Ea
The Russian government made .
step toward securing peace with its
warning neighb0rs by concluding
treaties with Ukraine and Esthonia.
The Turkish peace terms were COM
pleted on March s. and . week later
the Allies decided to use force to lrn.
pose the terms upon Turkey. sending
troops to occupy Constantinople. The
allied forces occupied the Turkish
capital without opposition! :
Polish troops began a spring oRen.
sive against the Russian BOlsheviki In
the Baltic region on March q. Warsaw
reported heavy fighting at many points
"a the 400 front. Three days lat.
OF Poland offered peace terms to Rus
sia, providing for restoration Of the
Kingdom of 1772, return Of art and
ether treasures, and an indemnity for
invasions since 1914. Polish troops ad-
] minlstered a severe defeat to the Boil
sheviki at PodOlia April Is. ~
The Poles and Ukrainians negotiat-
ed a treaty on April p. recognizing
! Ukrainian Independence from Russia.
A combined army Of Poles and Ukra!n-
ians then launched an offensive against
the Russian RED" forces, capturing
KleV on May 8 and the great port Of
Odessa on May IL. r- .., Is.
Bolshevik troops invaded Persia at
Astara May IS. forcing the withdrawal
" British troops. Bolshevik troops
on the Polish front were REINFORCED
and launched an attack on ninety
mile front, seeking to open communf-
cation with East Prussia. On June 3
they succeeded in flanking and driving
back General Pilsudski's Polish troops.
The supreme council continued its
efforts to complete the peace settle
ments. The treaty with Hungary was
sigped June at Versailles. Ambassa-
dor Wallace signing for the United
States. Turkey was granted fifteen
days additional time to present lts
views regarding the treaty with that
country. ~. '.
While these peace negotiations were
in progress, fighting continued at many
points. Over 800 Italian prisoners were
killed BY Albanians at Tirana on June
"a In retaliation for the assassination
-ef Essad Pasha in Paris On June IS.
On July Z the Bolshevik troops cap
tured Rovono, throwing the Poles into
retreat on the entire front. Poland
opened negotiations for an armistice
and these continued for q week when
Il was reported that Russia had Or
dered the postponement Of the nego-
tiations and the capture Of Warsaw.
Bolshevist troops captured Lomza and
-Litovsk. and began q drive on
Lemberg August l. During the next
two weeks they continued to advance
and on August II were within twelve
miles Of Warsaw. The Polish capital
seemed doomed, but on the 18th the
Poles launched great counter-of-
fensive and drove the Bolsheviki back
In disorder. Heartened BY the crush.
ing blow given the Russian forces,
the Poles rejected the Bolshevik peace
terms.
In the meantime. on August III, the
FOR SALE
Pop corn, shelled or on the ear, dried