davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mena weekly star. (Mena, Ark.) 1904-1977, 1920-10-14
PEASANTS REBEL
AGAINST SOVIETS
New Resoi, against Reds Breaks Out
in Russ;a-Insurgent Movement
Aiming at New Regime Mem
aces Moscow.

Warsaw, Oct. "a new insurrec-
ticn against the Russian soviet gov
eTasnt has broken out in the dis
triat Of Niznih-Novorod 205 miles
northeast Of Moscow, according to in
formation reaching the Russian colony
in this city. The Instruction, which
was inaugrated by the Social Revo-
lutionary party embraces great mass
es of peasants and IS reported TO be
spreading IN all directions.
The insurgents, the advices say,
have proclaimed a new government,
the members Of which are MARROW,
Petrowski, Aczernow and Mile. Maria
Spiridonovo, the latter noted woman
revolutionary leader, for years active
IN the movement against the imperial
regime.
The Instruction is said to be en-
dangering the transportation Of food
Russia. The Insurgents are declared
to be acting independently Of any
other counter revolutionary move
ment. They are planning TO set up
their capital at Nizhnih- Novogorod.
Poles Still Gaining.
Tonight's statement from the Polish
war Office announces a further adj
vance by the Polish forces in the
north. Ii makes no mention of an ar
mistice with the boIsheviki. The
statement reports the capture by the
Poles Of Oshminay and the railway
station Of Soly, cutting communicat
tion between wilma and Molodrehno
northwest Of Minsk.
With reference to the Lithuniar
front the communication says thu
Lithuanians, despite the armistice
have resumed hostilities and hav'
been attacking Polish positions alonl
river Merchanlxa.
Wrangel Routs Reds.
Washington, Oct. 9.-Advices toda
to the State Department say Genera
Wrangel, commander of the anti-bol
shevik forces, has dispersed the Re
army north and east up to direct
nortk Of the sea Of Azov on tn
Dneiper river, to Maripol, on tn
northeast shore Of the gulf of Tagar
fog. Captures made by Gener;
Wrangel included 27,S00 prisoners, G
GUNS AetSfal uunuIeu HdfHtHc gun
10 armored trains, 40 locomotive
many railway cars and other militar
supplies.
Mai. Gen. Charles v. F. Townshen,
who commanded British forces while
surrendered TO the Turks at Kut-E
Amara in 1915. is going to Join Ger
eraI Wrangel on the Crimean from
says the London Daily Sketch.
Heavy Fighting in North.
Riga, Oct. 9.-The Lithuanians an
Poles engaged in a heavy battle LAS
ing all yesterday and last night, !
versta 40 fmiles) south Of Wilma, tn
Lithuanian capitol, with heavy losst
to both sides, says Lithuanin ofiicii
statement dated at Win tody.
The fight will be to fnish,v tn
statement adds.
The Mena weekly star. (Mena, Ark.) 1904-1977, 1920-10-14
MANY PEOPLE HAVE BEEN
CURED OF THE TOBACCO HABi'

The Sale Of the compound for treat
ment Of the tobacco habit that Mr.
Taylor put on the market q short
time ago has proven quite a success.
He is now located In Fort Smith and
win be glad to furnish the treatment
to anyone who wishes to discontinue
the use OF tobacco. The price OF the
complete treatment is 800 postage
prepaid. and 1t has an absolute guar
antee Testimonials or information In
regard to the treatment win be fur
nished on request.
Address W. H. Taylor. BOZ $40.
ADV. 94-tf
The Mena weekly star. (Mena, Ark.) 1904-1977, 1920-10-14

All you who have torpid liver, weak
digestion or constipated bowels look
out for chills. The season is here and
the air is full of the disease germs
The best thing to do is to get your
liver in good condition and purify the
stomach and bowels. HERBINE is
the right remedy, it answers the pur-
pose completely. Price Coo. Sold by
Jackson Drug Co.
The Mena weekly star. (Mena, Ark.) 1904-1977, 1920-10-14

The first essen''n
and heating stove : \,
tributiOn Of heat q
next is ecouonI
BUCKS STOVES w
can guarantee y.
when We ~ = !,
win use sas.is'''' !
other stove "
The same apple ~
famous alright .s ~
AND WOOD s sns's'
them. CONE hRo'''
THEM OVER. +
The Mena weekly star. (Mena, Ark.) 1904-1977, 1920-10-14

When the chest feels on fire and the
throat burns, You have Indigestion,
and You need HERBINE to get rid of
the disagreeable feeling. 1t drives
out badly digested food, strengthens
the stomach and purifies the bowels
Price 6oc. Sold by Jackson Drug Co.
The Mena weekly star. (Mena, Ark.) 1904-1977, 1920-10-14

We want you to see these SHIFTS
The fabrics used in their making
are Atwood; included are serge ;n
blue and black, also a brown y,
worsted.. o"h
New 1920 Fall Models Just arrived
Sizes for stouts, shorts and longs
The Mena weekly star. (Mena, Ark.) 1904-1977, 1920-10-14
FOxCRAFT WIDE sHEETIN(

For few days we offer FOXRAFT
wide sheetings at greatly reduced
prices. This reduction is made on
account q being overstocked on this
cloth. NJte the SPECIAL PRICES.
1914 Bleached, Special, yard 0OC
Cd Bleached, Special, yard 85C
The Mena weekly star. (Mena, Ark.) 1904-1977, 1920-10-14
5 7 A PL E S

1000 yards heavy colored Shifting,
smooth Madras effect; regular
40c grade. Economy Sale ---3S
Outing, the best grade money can
buy. Our regular 40c grade.
Reduced for Economy Sale Is c
Canvas, Standard c.; while it lasts
viii be able to make you special
price. Regular 121ac grade.
Economy sale ----------- TIC
Cotton F'lannel-A full bleached
heavy Cotton Flannel; regular
35s grade. This Sale ------3OC
The Mena weekly star. (Mena, Ark.) 1904-1977, 1920-10-14

Beginning of Our Great Purchase
Sale of Mems Suits.
This week marks the beginning Of
our Great Purchase Sale of Mems
New Fall Suits. You cannot af-
ford to miss this phenomenal sale
II you cannot get here the first of
the week be sure and come Satur-
day by all means. We want yau
to bear in mind that these are high
class Suits. We are only able ia
offer them to you at this SENSATION
al price because of a lucky purchase
made by us from the manufacture
ers. The factory had to dispose of
It's stock; we bought it and mass
the bargain on to you. Mena never
saw such a bargain in Mems Suits
as this. u''0
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
DUEL OVER GIRL
Unknown Survivor CT Daylight Re-
vclvcr Battle Believed Hiding
in Philadt !phia

Chester. Pa. March ll.-JCScp,l
'irgilio. a young Italian. was killed
aerc in 4 pisto! duel yesterday with
IN unidentified man. The shcotin-
'ollowcd a quarrel between the two
'ver d Girl. according tc several wit
lcsscs OF the affair. The asErdercr
,scapah after firing four shots into
he body OF his vi".m.
Tie shooting occurred in frCnt OF
! pool room CT West Thi3d street.
lcar Howell. where the men starter!
heir quarrel during the noon hour.
|irgilio. who was employed i'll 3
ocal shipyardy was identified by J.
'egistration card issued by the draft
,oard, of Elizabeth, New Jersey.
Following the shooting the mur-
icrcr. it is said. waved his revolver
ihe air. shouting that he would
Kill the first man who tried to fol-
,ow him. He then ran square an"
boarded a trolley car going. the po-
ice think. to Philadelphia to hide.
number Of men who saw the
shooting were taken into custody.
put all denied knowing. the name Of
he fugitive. though all said tn"
light started over a girl.
Oscar Hawkins. driver of Il lit-
icy car. found Eirgilio lying in the
.trcet in a pool of blood. and placing
him in his automobile drove to the
Chester Hospital. where ne was pro-
rounccd dead.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
GERMANS ATTACK FRENCH
One Member of Commission Dies
From Injuries. Another
Escapes

Berlin, March 1l.-Eight men
said to be members of French mill
tary aviation commission, who drove
into Wernitz, near Potsdam. in Il
motor car from Berlin yesterday,
were attacked by the inhabitants.
who accused the men OF poaching
and summoned them TO surrender.
Four of the men obeyed. but the
others tried to escape, one of them
being wounded and later dying
while being taken to a doctor.
Two of the others later surren-
dcred and the fourth man escaped :.
A report on the incident has been
transmitted to the French charge
d'affaires here by an Allied officer
The Imperial Government has is
sued proclamation signed by
Premier Bauer condemning attacks
on members of Entente missions. l;
declares that the Minister Of De
i fense will act with the greatest Sc.
! verify in punishing excesses.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
TO SEIZE TURK WAR OFFICE
Peace Conference Devotes Day to De-
tails of Military and Naval
Action

London, March 11.-Thc peace con-
ference spert yesterday in trying tc
work out the details of military an1
naval plans in connection with Tar
hey, giving particular attention tc
Armenia. Admiral Beatty, Winston
Spencer Churchill, Secretary for War.
and others were called in TO give their
opinions. Premier Venizclos. of Greece
,lso was present. and again insisted
.hat,the Allies should take the stern
est measures against the Sultan.
The general plan of action was not
changed, however, as result of the
difference. It became known TODAY
hat the military demonstration at
;Constantincple is likely TO take the
'cr11, Of Allied military control Of Ger.
tain Turkish governmental activities
,mcng them probably the war depart
nent.
! The conferces were careful to MAX
t!eaY' that this does not mean the tax
nc over cf the Turkish government
1t the outset. and would not in the
future if Turkey shows an inclination
20 abide. by the terms of the arm!s-
ice and cease massacres.
Paris, March 1.-THE "Temps" says
It appears certain that the Allies pro.
ocse to take certain measures against
Turkey because of the recent massa'
.res of .ArmerianS. These, the news
naper believes. will consist of an eff
'ective occupation O. Constant!noplt
and certain important strategic pos.
ions and the exercise of Allied con-
-rol over all telegraphic communica
lions.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
PRESENTED WITH MEDALS
Honor Paid Twenty -Four Members OF
Andrew Jackson J. 0. Q. \. NJ.
Who Served COlors

Twenty-four members of Andrew
Jackson Council No. So, Junior Order
of United American Mechanics. who
served the colors during the world
war were presented with medals at
meeting of the council last Monday
night, they being given by the state
council of that organization.
During the evening program Of
songs, recitations and addresses was
riven after which j buffet luncheon
vas served. The hall was appropriate
" decorated for the occasion.
The members who received medals
are as follows: A. B. Elsca, E. c.
Loveless, !. F. Pettey, jr., F. Rice.
T. Grimsley, L. E. Moore. Pat Hamii-
eon, w. K. Baumeardner, J. 3. Al
we'll, Edward Arlington, y. Grimsley.
Charles Lloyd. l.. D. Mason. A. l..
Travers. NJ. N. Fcncs. 4. Buttles, f..
Harrison, y. Penn. Fl. Hcflin. w H.
r,ovelcss. ]. S. Stevens, Daniel Pfiel.
4. Petit. William Dove. Jr. -.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
RAID LIQUOR WAREHOUSE
l2 Masked Men Haul Away 30 Bar
rrlS From Baltimore
Distillery

Baltimore. March ia govern
mert officer and two watchmen were
surprised. held up and bound at thc
Mount Vernon Distilling Company 5
n!ant on Sixteenth street. Hl%n!"na-
Gown, at Lao a. m.. yesterday. NJ
~ masked men. who entered the
plant with drawn rcvoiverS aAH
hauled away 80 barrels OF WHISKY.
The whisky at the lowest govern
ment valuation is worth s2o'ooo.
At the prevailing bootleg prices u
would bring $4,000.
The three guards are not sure
now mary automobile trucks were
used by>thc thieves. but they arc
confident that they heard at least
fnur
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
SHIP HELPLESS
Boilers Disabled-We Are. Starving,
Reads, Radio

Atlantic City, March 11.-Wir!ess
stations here last night intercepted
messages from the steamship Tyee, :
mallory line vessel. which is in trou-
BILE ninety miles south of Atlantic
City, somewhere below Cape May.
The messages declared the ship IS.
helpless because Of boiler trouble and
those on board have been without food
for twenty-four hours. 4 message
later intercepted from the steamship
Northern Pacific said she was going
to the assistance of the Tyec and
would reach her BY midnight.
Boston, March. 1.-THE coast guard
cutter Seneca was dispatched from
New York 20 the steamship Tyee las;
night just as wireless message va.
:-,.c,~epted saying she was short o
foad al needed assistance. tn,
'Tres 70: Fayal for New York Feb
rusry
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
BERGIN" WILL. MEET =.
STEELE At SMOKE

Three good boxing bouts. thrct
s2ocdy wrestling matches d eatt!,
loyal a::A several musi@;i! acts wi,
feature the program Of the Dread
nau@ht Athletic Clubs smoker
which vii: bn rcii MONDAY night j,
she Opera EcnSe.
TIE Nic%:nianS look t. one rf the
best seasons u tie history cf ths
clah. - soE.c Of the strongest sand.
lot teams III this vicinity ar" m
thcir 1920 schedule.
.Tonnny Bersin and Hubert Steel.
are nokcl fnr the feature boxing
bout. This match should prove !;
rattIir. good one. AS both boys ar,
rated as Al"xan,;ria's best an1ateil.
mittmen. =:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
FOR MERCHANT FLEET
Good Jobs Await EX-Soldler and
Sailors


Thousands of men are needed tt
! man Americas new. merchant fleet
The United States Shipping Board has
sent request for apprentices tc
Lieut. Col. Mathew C. Smith, in charge
of getting employment for ex-soldiers
and ex-sa:!ors, and head of the Office
of the Assistant to the Secretary OF
War. Previous experience is not re-
quired Applicants may choose either
the deck or stewards department, or
engine room service. All must be
citizens OF the United States, between
The ages Of l8 and 35 and physiahs
sound. and agree 70 stay one year.
The United St:.tes Shipping Board
maintains stations in Boston, New
York. Philadelphia. Baltimore. Chic
ago, St. Louis. Atlanta and Los An
reles.
Persons not living near these cities
may make application to the secre-
tary of the lccal Chamber of Com
mercc. New men are sent to ore of
the three training schools maintained
ut Camp Stuart, Va, San Francisco.
Cal, or Seattle. Wash, where they
receive $50 month. besides quarters
and subsistence while in training.
After short course of one or two
months the apprentice takes his
place in actual work at sea. and is
naid $50 q month and allowances.
Men with special qualifications can
earn in short time as high as $3.50 a
month. If man has high school
or equivalent. he can qualify
TO be an officer in one years time.
Two years is required for others.
There are plenty of vacancies and
promotion is rapid.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
POPULATION 18,060
CENSUS FIGURES
~ s-----------,--
increase of 2,731 or IT'S Per
Cent in Past Ten
Years
FIGURES DISAPPOINT
In 1890 Alexandria Had 2,7lS Its
Largest Growth was in 1900 When
it Increased S09 Per Cent.

The population Of Alexandria ac-
.oYNing TO official figures announced
:oday by the Census Bureau is 49,
80. This is an increase of 2.731
II It's per cent increase over the
census Of 1910 which was 1929.
The figures announced today do
not include the number CT males
md females and the white and col
,red persons in this city. This will
,e announced later rs also will be
number of manufacturing interests
n the city.
The report will he disarpoint
nent to the business interests rf the
:ity inasmuch as it was believed
hat the population for 1920 would
oe greatly in excess Of the foregoing
figures ewing to the many strangers
vho have located in Alexandria dur
'ng the past two or three years ar;
ire now making their hcmes here.
Many cf these persons brought
heir families to Alexandria.
In 1910 this city had Is %29 ;nhahi-
ANTS, of whom 1924 were male and
1905 were female White males
numbered 5.545 and females 1887.
Negro males numbered 1870 ard
females 22lS. In that year there
we're 3.272 dwellings in the city and
',5777 families.
Alexandria is one of the cities which
was among the country's fifty pr:n
,ipal cities when the first census was
taken in 1880. In that year it had p
74S inhabitants. It's largest grow;f
VAS in the following decade when tn,
Increase was 500 per cent.
The increase in the decades follow.
'ng fell until it was less than onc per-
cent in the ten years from 1920 Il
1880.
There were slight increases in thH
'ollcwing two decades but in the ter
wears from 1850 to 1860 the increase
was 44.9. per cent. There was a Sligh
Increase in the following ten wears
and then in the decade from 1870 +
1880 Il fc!! to less than cnc per cent
again. There were slight increases in
The percentage Of growth in, each Of
he ten years up TO the last census
N 1910.
The record Of .Alexandria's grcwtf
follows:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
TREATY TEST IS
COMING TO-DAY
Supporters of Wilson and
Bryan to Match
Strength
ARTICLE TEN ISSUE
Fight Between Senator Hitchcock and
Commoncr Feature of Controversy.
-Rc5cl Against Wilson.

Washington, March 1l.-A test ci
strength is imminent today between
administration Senator's standing by
the President and the growing mum.
Der of Democratic Senators sharing
William Jennings Bryan's opinion that
20 make Article Y campaigns issue
would he suicidal fer the Democratic
Party.
Bryan is expected to reappear in
the Senate lobioies and ant-roomS be-
fo"e the last ditch of The treaty fight
is reached. He hopes 10 fan the hot
resentment among many Democratic
',nators at the Presidents insistencc
upon injecting rhe League OF Nations
;hc campaign.
Bryan's avowcd oppoSilions 10 the
Presidential aspirations cf Senate,
Hitchcock. the Administration treaty
manager. IS bound to make Itself fe!t
on tae treaty situation. The political
fight .hat B.yan and Hitchcock have
resumed in Nebraska with all Of il.
former bitterness is sure 20 become
rational IN interest.
Bryan wants the treaty ratified. II"
believes the Democratic side should
even accept the original Lodge reser-
walton to Article \ rather than block
ratification for the second time. He
thinks the will Of = Senate majority
should prevail.
Hitchcock apparently agrees with
:he President tha. the treaty tigh
should be carried into tho campaign
Like the President, Hitchcock thinks
he Lodge reservation cuts at the
aery heart and life Of Art:rle \. lis
obviously is ready TO s;and IN III"
way CT ratification again rather thar
accept the Lodge reservation unless
il is modified materially.
There are many Democratic Sen,
ators who do not share either tad
Presidents or Hi;@hcock's views, =
number OF them are so opposed u
the President. forcing the treaty int
the campaign, unless the Republican
side yields on Article Y. that they arc
n open rebellion against thc Presi-
,ient and Hitchcock.
But even their leaders admit tilc.'
are no: yet enough Of them to develop
= revolt that would swing suff:ci"n'
votes 10 insure ratification on thr
basis cf :he Lodge reservation pre-
gram.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
OFFICER SCHOOL CLOSED


Berlin, March 1.-THE chief train
ng school FOR cadets at Grossl;chter-
felde. Prussia, through which most OF
nc officers of the German army pass
ri, was closed Yesterday in accord
nee with the terms of the peace
treaty.
There was an imposing military
demonstration attended by a number
IF officers IN gala urifom, including
General Ludendorff. Field Marshal
:cn Hindenburg telegraphcd 20 ths
cadets that the services they had rem
Tered the ountly wculd never be fer
':o;ten.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
PREP ARE FOR STYLE SHOW
Fire Department Will Take Part in
Parade March II

The Alexandria city fire depart
mert will turn out in force for the
big Style Show parade which is slated
to be held in this city. next WedneS-
lay evening, March II.
This is the information which was
given the Retail Merchants Bureau at
Is regular meeting last evening, by
Chairman Claude ". Fletcher, Of the
Parade and Music committee. Ar
rangrlnents are being made for the
drawing into the parade Of a num-
jer Of other civic organizations and
ercryth;rg possible is being done. to
furthcr this big event.
:, committee Of three was named
asst evening. and this committee. will!
n turn. select five disinterezted judges
from the roster Of members Of; .he
Chamber Of Commerce for the pur-
nos, Of d;gpoSing Of the prizes 10 ne
c;vpa for the best commercial dis
play and the most artistic decora-
SION in the h;g parade.
Claude ". Fletcher, of the FLETCHER.
Motor company was ,tamed chairman
# the Parade and Music committee
- succeed r. ". Blumcnfeld. who IS
unable 20 handle the affairs of the
committee owing 70 business reasons.
The Virginia Shipbuilding Corpo-
ration was invited TO take part in
The parade and TO enter floats.
Whether or not the company intends
TO do 80 has not been learned, as
yet. =
All merchants CT the city. who
..irtcnd entering floats in the parade.
are requested 20 communicate this
(; Information to Secretary James T..
Preston at the Chamber Of COM
nierce. not larer than 10 O'Clock
Tuesday morning. March 1G. in order
| that place may be assigned.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
CONFEDERATE BILLS
STILL AFLOAJ

.Agua Prieta. Sonorn, Mexico.
March 1l.-Military authorities to-
lay announced several million dol
ars dollars in Confederate states
urrensy had been seized ut Monte
una. According to the military,
~hinamen in Sonora complained this
money WAS being forced upon them
" alleged draft evaiers from the
United States. who claimed the cur
ency WAS Il n@w issue.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
TWO SENTENCED .
Guilty cf' fIcuso hreaking-Nclle
PROSE- Entered in Third Case

In the corporation court yesterday
afternoon. Judge l.. {. Barley pro
siding. Sonton j. Ash. indicted for
hcuse5rcaking IL the night time. was
given six months in jail! George
l.. CASSIDY. indicted for house
breaking in the night time. entered
plea of guilty AMI was sentenced
70 serve twelve months in jail The
ease of Charles Jones. indicted for
housebreal:ing il the night time was
no!le pressed.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
IMPORTANT NOTICE

= All merchants OF The city de:.rin:
o enter Il float or decorated vn;1!cl
u competition for the prizes j. I'll
zig Style Show Parade. Wcdnesds.,
evea:ng, March II are rcquas:cf !
communicate with Secretary Jan:rs T
Preston. Alexandria chamler G
Commerce. not later than 10 ..
Tuesday. March Ii.
BY ordar Of parade commi:.aa...
Claude ". Fletcher. Cna;,rnaf
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
l.. <. MARINES TO WEAR
EMBLEMS on COLLAE

Washington. March 1.-THE en-
bIem Of the Marine Corps will herc-
after be worn on the collar Of en-
!:sted mcn Of that organization. aci
cord;nr to adv!ces from Marine. Corps
headquarters here. Hereafter Tie sea-
soldiers have worn the globe. anchor
and eagle device only on their head
gear.
The collar emblem viii he brcnZc for
he KHAKI arl w:nterfie,d uniforms
and brass for the blue uniforms.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
NOTICE

Edwin F. Carver hereby amour
.ces that he will continue to engage
n the real estate and insurance bus
mess with the same offices located
at 1877 North Fairfax street, former
Il the place Of business of Carve!
and Callahan, and will operate said
business under the name of Edwin
E. Carver and Co. Phone 432
! 6l-lt. Edwin E. Carver
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-11
NOTICE

The partnership heretofore exist
ing between Edwin L. Carver ar;
Charles 4. Callahan trading unde'
the name Of Carver and Callahan
mas this day been dissolved by n1r-
tua, consent.
Edwin Z Carver,
f1-2t. Ch&s. 4. Callahan