davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1920-09-15

School Green by the Good VIII fire
company's carnival committee. last
evening and the location OF the dif-
feret booths selected Many persons
have made donations Of cake, home
made candy bric-a-brac and numor-
Gus other articles toward the carnival.
which begins next Monday Any one
having contributions will be called
upon on notice 30 Major Jesse A. Nc
nay, chairman OF the committee.
Miss Margaret Shaw lost gold
wrist watch one day last week.
James McCue, OF Fourth street Is
suffering with an Infected finger
Members Of the junior and senior
classes OF the New Castle High School
viii give a playlet and dance In Sep
lemDer -, IN Odd Fellows Hall al Bear
Those attending this affair will hT
carried 70 and from Bear In auto
trucks which will leave town hall at
Z o'clock. These dances and other
social affairs given. lthe coming win
ler, VIII De TO assist the classes IN
aelraAlnB their expenses 10 Washing
Ton, ID. 4. These trips are made every
two years. The following committees
nave been appointed: George Il.
/ robin: third, music: John Davidson.
: Jr., Miss Edna Deomer. Miss Mabel
kskrIdge and =. Earl Weggenmann.
| program: the Misses Gertrude Raj
ledge and Zelma Matthews. refresh
mems.
DR.. Archibald B. Goudlss. Of Phlla-
delphia, who recently returned from
he war stricken district OF Poland.
e s Nisltlng his brother. Alexander
AZ the meeting OF the Junior Order
or United American Mechanics lgtl
evening H.. j. Cable was awarded a
soh on coal and II. J. Macklin was
awarded a barrel OF flour
Several residents OF this city rels-
rvs, rvs OF Mrs. William Burge. of
& ~ isstnu gave her a surprise visit
t,st MONDAY evening and celebrated
ner elgnty-third birthday anniversqr,,
Mrs. Burge is the mother OF len chji-
dren and several grsndchiidrsn
city. '''''''' ol "'ss
DR.. and Mrs. p. NJ. Allen left this
morning for Atlantic Citv. where mr.
Allen will attend the national CON
Nentlon OF the America Medical So
clety. Ihey Will return at the close
or me session tomorrow evening.
MISS Helen Dugan, OF MiddletOwn
is Visiting her uncle and aunt. Mr.
and Mrs. John F. 2. Clayton. Of Fourth
street.
Miss Edna Rhoades. of Bellefonie
formerly a resident here. Is spcndinc
some time al the home n Mr. anC
Mrs John ? T. Clayton. her uncle
Mrs. Lewis Booker and children anf
Mrs. p B. Lightner. OF this city. spenl
Yesterday in Philadelphia. The Chill.
dren visited the Zoo.
Mrs. William s. Potter or Baltimore
who has been spending the summei
! with her S ssler. Mrs. John n Rodney
OF Delaware street, returned 20 hel
home yesterday,
Mrs. George w Davis, Of Thlrt
street, Is spending a week with hei
daughier, Miss Bessie Davis, 81 Cam
den n. ]
Mr.. and Mrs James Toner, OF New
York city, who has been spending
the summer with her sister. Mrs
Harry Husheheck. OF this city, re
turned 90 their home yesterday.
Mr., and Mrs. John Staus, Mrs
Evening journal., 1920-09-15

Good business investments VIII be
made in the Want Ads during me
coming month.
Evening journal., 1920-09-15
Friends School
Fourth and West SITS.
WILMINGTON, DEL
Delawarc's Leading Preparatory
School

A faculty Of "a trained teachers.
Excellent equipment. Thorough In
siruclion. 4 school That takes boys
and girls at six years Of age and IN a
congcnial atmosphere under the
charge OF specially trained men and
women without loss Of time through
change OF schools MS them for col
lcge or business. Primary, lntcrmcd-
iate and High School departments.
Auto bus provided FOR the younger
children. CaialOg on request ONCE
open ON and after Sept. Z. FAN ses-
sion begins Sept. 20.
HERSCHEL A. NORRIS, A. NJ,
PRINCIPAL.
Evening journal., 1920-09-15

BAR PIGS FROM LEIPERNILLE.
CHESTER. Pa, Sept. i5-rhe health
authorities OF Ridley township have
decreed there shall be no more pigs
within the limits OF LelperNlllc. They
have decided that pigs made too much
nose when awakened ami there are
other complaints about them.
Evening journal., 1920-09-15
FAIL TO SOLVE SUIT

CHESTER. Pa. Sept. i5.-The local
authorities have made little progress
in a solution Of The mystery connect
ed with the dead baby sent to this CITY
In a suitcase from Broad street sia-
iion. Philadelphia, on a passenger
ticket The body still Is at the
cOroner's
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-01
NEW DIRECTOR OF PAN-AMERICAN UNION
HAS HAD WIDE DIPLOMATIC EXPERIENCE

fnanciers and trade experts ever
held in Washington, and though it
was under the direction of the
inter-American commission the in
fiuence of the union was manifest
throughout.
X X X
The latest work of the union has
been the establishment of a sum-
mer school of pan-American and
and foreign commerce, of which
DR.. Clarence J. Owen is executive
director. This is to instruct young
business men in the needs and
practices of foreign trade, par
ticularly among the Americas, and
promises to be distinct success.
Since the cessation of hostilities
between the allies and Germany,
the Pan-American Union has found
much to do in re-establishing trade
conditions interrupted by the war.
The question Of routing steamships
so as to best serve inter-American
trade with the small number of
bottoms available has been an i'm
portant one. International credits,
better means of communication,
proper methods of shipping fragile
or perishable goods, all have come
in for a large share of attention.
One result has been that the United
States has been able to take over a
large share of the South American
trade formerly held by Germany. to
the advantage Of both this nation
and its new customer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-01
CHANGES m DIPLOMATIC SERVICE
A SURE RESULT OF ELECTION

Anxious inquiries are reaching
Washington from a number OF dls-
tinsuished gentlemen serving their
country abroad as- to the state OF
American politics and the prospective
outcome of the elections. Some OF
the inuuirers are anticipating or ap-
nrehending, as the case may be.
return to these shores shortly aiter
March 4 next, whatever the outcome
or the presidential campaign
II is in the arhbassadorial and dipio-
matte corps that solicitude is thus
entertained. In event of republican
victory in November there Will De
changes in, all the ambassaoorlai
nosts. If the democrats win' announcer
President will be in office. ano' ac-
cording to custom. designations VIII
he rendered. subject to his acceptance,
80 as to leave him free hand In the
selection of the personnel OF MS rep
resentatives abroad
International usage and custom &C
cord an unusual distinction 10 an am
hassador. A President, upon taxing
office, appoints his cabinet omcers
mainly by reason of his need Tor
their assistance in conducting the ex-
ecutiye branch of the government.
Ambassadors, however, he usually Sc
lects either as reward 1or services
rendered the party or in recognition
of the distinguished public or profess
sionaI character of the appointee.
Next in rank to the ambassadors
come the ENJOYS extraordinary and
ministers plenipotentiary, in most in
stances appointed because of loyal
narty affiliations These posts are
highly coveted by the patronage
hunters and constitute a valuable as
set of political leaders. They are dis
tinct, however, from ambassadorships
in the tenure of Office. and their hold
ers feel their official heads resting
Just a little more safely on their
shoulders about election time.
1t has been the dream of many
American statesmen to make the dip
lomatic service of this country a pre-
ferred service. membership in which
would be permanent through good be-
havior, and promotion attained
through long and meritorious service.
In European countries, of course, the
diplomatic service conforms to that
character. Men are trained to 1t
from early youth, just as to the Army
and Navy. This reputed desirability
is often quoted on the floors of Con-
gress when an effort is being made to
stabilize the diplomatic service of
this country,
But it is hard. uphill task in Con-
Kress. Every session the subject is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-01

fought over. The arguments are ap-
pealing. the logic apparently conclu-
sive, but always there jumps up some
rough and ready talker from the coun
try districts who counters with re-
calling the exploits of the shirt
sleeve" diplomacy of ), the United
States, as pitted against the Machia-
vellianism of old world diplomatists
and Immediately gets rise" out of
his auditors.
For they like the idea of frank and
fair dealing, accredited to the expo
nents of the shirt sleeve diplomacy,
as contrasted with the deep and dark
Vaccinations of the diplomacy of
Europe and the orient. They like to
picture the rugged American. by his
straightforward thinking. confusing
the tortuous and secretive plans of
the willy foreigners.
Business interests in this country
have succeeded in putting the consul
lar service on a more business basis
and farther removed from politics
than perhaps any other. Men are
trained in that service and do have
incentive to remain in it
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-01

~ ErIREMENr of John Barrett
- as director central Of the
Pan-American Union, Sep
TENDER 1, will mark the
passing, for a time, at least. OF one
who has been a principal figure In
Central and South American diplo-
macy in Washington for almost
fourteen years.
Fully as well known to the ENJOYS
and executives of the nations repre-
scented in the union is DR.. Leo S.
Rowe, now chief of the Latin Ameri-
can division Of the State Depart
ment, who will succeed Mr.. Barrett
as director, but the change will be
noticeable for time. as the union
never has had a director other than
Mr.. Barrett. and it was largely his
interest and capacity for organiza-
ton that brought it into being.
DIR. Rowe is particularly well fitted
for the position of director. for dur
ing the war he was assistant secre-
tary of the Treasury, in charge OF
finances affecting Latin America
and little less than year ago was
transferred to the State Department
to take charge Of Latin American
diplomacy there. Prior to entering
the government service he was pro-
lessor Of political science in the Uni
versity of Pennsylvania. He has
travelled extensively through the
Americas and speaks Spanish. Portu-
guese and French more or less flu
emily. In addition to his other du-
ties, he Is secretary of the inter-
American high commission. formerly
known as the interallied high COM
mission.
Tho Pan-American Union. which
has become a very vital factor In the
commercial and diplomatic relations
Of the twenty-one republics repre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-01

The unions bulletin, which is a
fair sized magazine prepared in ap-
proved magazine style, is printed
in four languages and obtained
widest distribution. The library
contains some 10000 volumes Of
histories, descriptions and reports
affecting the Americas and di-
gest of the laws Of each republic.
The building and grounds cost
originally $1,100,000, the greater
part of which was contributed by
the late Andrew Carnegie, and the
cost of a similar structure today
would be twice that amount.
X X
The building is particularly well
suited for social and diplomatic
functions, and has been the scene
of some of the most brilliant gath
erings in Washington. One Of the
most notable since the war was the
reception rendered DR.. Pessoa. now
President of Brazil, who, with his
wife and daughter. visited this
SOuAlAy J0SI UCAOAS ne LUX OlllCc.
Whenever a statesman or dis
tinguished citizen of any of the
American republics visits Wash
ington. which is frequently. he is
the guest of honor at some affair
at the Pan-American building. and
it has been facetiously remarked
that Mr.. Barrett in the last ten
years has made more speeches than
any other man in the United States,
not excepting the most active
members of Congress.
The functions of the union are
by no means confined to the So
ciad field, however. The gather
ings OF the second Pan-American
Financial Congress in the big hall
a few months ago was the most
significant meeting of American
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-01

scented in it's organization. dates back
thirty years. The first Pan-Amer-
lean congress was held in Washing
ton in 1890, when James G. Blaine
was Secretary Of State. and "the
international bureau Of American
republics" grew out Of that confer
ence.
The bureau functioned intermit-
tently and a second congress was
held a few years later. By 1906
the need for closer 1iaison be-
tween the American republics was
apparent and Mr.. Barrett, then
minister to Colombia. and others
were working toward that end. So
in that year a third congress was
held In Rio de Janeiro and the bu-
reau was reorganized. At the
fourth conference, held in Buenos
Aires in 1910, the name of the
permanent organization was chang
ed to the THE Pan-American
Union" and steps were taken to
establish suitable headquarters in
Washington. with Mr.. Barrett as
director general.
X
The big white stone Pan-Ameri-
can building near the Monument
grounds, one Of the "show places"
of the National Capital has be-
como a rallying place for prac-
tically all the peoples between the
great lakes in North America and
Terra del Fuego. at the tip of the ,
southern continent. Every nation
represented. regardless of size. has
equal voice in its councils. the gov
erning body being made up of the
ambassadors or ministers Of each
American republic represented in
Washington. The Secretary Of
State Of the United States 10 ex-.
officio chairman.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-01
INEQUALITIES IN TAX
ANDVOTING SYSTEMS
Next Session of Congress to Thrash Out
Flaws in Plan of Representation
and Expenditures.

the new, powerful budget committee,
which has charge of spending most
OF the money; Chairman Haughen of
the agricultural committee and Chair
man Kennedy of the rivers and har-
bors committee. both big spending
committees. and Chairman Towner of
the Indian affairs committee. which also
Authorizes big appropriations Iowa also
has Representative w. r. Green on the
ways and means committee, which i'm
poses the taxes.
Again, Michigan. which pays one
nineteenth Of the taxes, has Repre-
sentative Joseph W. Fordney as
chairman of the ways and means
Caxing) committee, while New York
pays one-fourth of the taxes and has
one majority member, Representative
Luther Mott, and one minority mem
her. John F. Carew, out of the TWEEN
ty-five members.
All of which recalls Chauncey NJ
Depew's Old story of how when the
income tax was being framed he
asked a group of southern members
why they were so eager for il, and
got the very frank reply-"so we car,
make New York pay half the taxes
and Pennsylvania, Illinois and Ohio
the other half"
The venerated, far-visioned fathers
of the country" who framed the Com
stitution, intended that taxation and
representation in the federal govern
ment should be on a balance Article
l, section 2, of the Constitution pro-
vides that Representatives and direct
taxes shall be apportioned among the
several states which may be included
within this Union. according to their
respective numbers"
Killed by Eighteenth Amendment.
This first principle of equalization
of the tax burden was destroyed by
the sixteenth amendment for impo-
sition of income tax, which was pro-
claimed ratified on February %, 1913,
and which says: The Congress shall
have power to lay and collect taxes
on incomes, from whatever source de-
rived, without apportionment among
the several states, and without regard
to any census or enumeration
1ne IOur states OIL new 1Ork, Ieuu-
sylvania, Illinois and Ohio pay ST.
ISL, 216,930 taxes, or more than one
half of the total, and have 12S repre-
sentatives in Congress. Twenty other
states, with the same number of rep
resentatives pay only $407 ,SS5,657. or
only about one-thirteenth of the total
taxes. These states are Alabama. Ar
oil
Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennes-
see, North and South Dakota, Arizona.
New Mexico, Idaho, Montana, Utah,
West Virginia, Kansas, Iowa, Ne
braska and Oklahoma. These states
did not average four million dollars
revenue per representative in Con-
gress.
Yet during the democratic control
of the House the southern states held
all the chairmanships of important
committees, and during the present
republican majority the western
states are holding them, while the
important industrial states, which pay
Uncle Sans bills, have only a MI ?
nority voice in the big committees.
Viewed with these facts in mind the
question of new apportionment under
the new census is a very important
problem.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-01
200, 600, 900 RATS
WUNITED STATES

AS carriers of the dread bubonic
plague rats are menace, but that is
only one form Of their costly and dam
gerous depredations. says bulletin
from the Washington headquarters of
the National Geographic Society:
rats are practically omnivorous and
their depredations cover a wide range"
writes Edward w. Nelson in a COM
munication to the society. They feed
indifferently upon all kinds of vegetable
and animal matter.
''They dig up newly planted grain. de-
stroy it while growing and also when
in the shock, stack, crib. granary, mill.
elevator, warehouse, wharf and ships
hold, as well as in the bin and feed
trough. They eat fruits. vegetables and
meats in the market, destroying at the
same time by pollution far more than
is consumed.
"They destroy enormous numbers of
eggs and poultry. as well as the eggs
In addition, they invade stores and
warehouses and destroy groceries of
every description, as well as furs.
laces, silks, carpet ann leather goods.
"They cause many disastrous fires by
gnawing matches, by gnawing through
lead pipe near gas meters or by cutting
the insulation from electric wires in
order>to secure material for nests and
by gathering oil-soaked rags and other
infiammable material in their nests;
flood houses by gnawing through lead
water pipes, ruin artificial ponds and
entertainments by burrowing and damage
floors. doors and furnish
ings of dwellings.
LAS disease carriers they also cause
enormous commercial loses, especially
through the introduction of bubonic
plague and the resulting suspension Of
commerce. With the introduction of
plague they become directly responsible
for business disaster as well as for an
appalling mortality.
Much the greater part of losses
from these pests is in foodstuffs.
which, as, already indicated. are de-
stroyed at every stage from the time
the seed is planted until they are ready
for human consumption.
Taking the average yearly xet urns on
a mans labor in agriculture, as shown
by the census of 1910. it requires the
continuous work of about 10000 men.
with farms, agricultural implements,
and other equipment to supply the food
stuffs destroyed annually by rats in the
United States"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-01
BY SHELDON S. CLINE.

whatever else nation may lack, it
must have food, and the problem of
feeding super-industrial America
is engaging the serious thought
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-08-01
GREATER MILEAGE
AND HEAVIER LOADS
Two Remedies Suggested by Experts for
Meeting the Demand for Increased
Number of Freig hit Cars.

about twenty-five times a year and
as rule the shipper is allowed forty
eight hours to load the car, begin
ming at Z am. following the hour Of
actual placement. and not counting
Sundays or holidays. Tho receiver
similarly is allowed forty-eight hours.
except there Is an allowance OF nve
days on cars loaded with coal Tor
tidewater or the great lakes, ana OF
ten DAVIS II the car is loaded with ex-
port freight for tidewater ports.
Heavier Loading Urged.
While the railroad officials are ex-
erting themselves to speed up the
movement of cars, they are also IN
auguracing a campaign for the heav-
Ter loading of all cars. In that con
nectiop Daniel willard, chairman OF
a special committee Of the Associa-
ton of Railways Executives. desig-
mated to work out greater co-opeFa-
tive methods between the raliroaus
now under private control, recehty
told the Interstate Commerce CON-
mission:
railroad statistics show that Inc
average carload on all the raliroaos
in the United States is only ABOUT ~
per cent of the carrying capacity VI
the car, and in addition to that aoou'
80 per cent of the total car mliease
is made with empty equipment
great deal can be done toward getting
a more effective use of cars by IN
a
matter almost entirely within the
control of the shipper. and serious
should be given. among
other things. to the revision OF mini
mum carload regulations, to the emo
that a more effective use be made OF
all cars"
What the Commissfon Is Doing
It is admitted by all authorities IN
washington that the present car
shortage will probably continue TOT
some months. Under the new trans
portation act the Interstate Commerce
Commission is instructed to study the
ways and means of meeting the
Transportation needs OF the couh-
try" and it has been given larger
powers than ever before to regulate
car movements and take steps to re-
lieye COMPOSITIONS and otherwise direct
the railroads how best they can serve
the immediate needs. Through Sc
ries of recent car service orders 1t
has endeavored to meet such situa-
lions as the shortage of coal in the
New England and the upper lake re-
gion. Working through the car serv-
ice commission of the American Rail-
way Association. the headquarters OF
which are close by the Interstate
Commerce Commission offices, it is
sending out instructions that cars
shall be delivered from one road to
another to meet crop transportation
needs and clear up other congestions
or threatened congestions. And look
ing further into the future. it is max
ing loans from the $300.00o.000 re-
volving fund provided by the recent
law to meet the needs for special
now imperatively needed,
such as the need for more freight To-
more refrigerator cars and
increased switching facilities of many
kinds.