davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
JOINT INSTALLATION OF ODD
FELLOWS AND REBEKAHS.

Last Saturday night the Rebekahs
Installed officers for 1920. The in
,talling officers were, Grand Warden,
Linn Irwin, of Logan, and Deputy
President Florence Davey, of Dun
lap, assisted by Grand Marshal Fred
Heath, and Lillian Morgan.
The Grand Officers were:
Grand Warden, Julia Oviatt.
Grand Secretary, Irene Owens.
Grand Treasurer, Name Faith.
Grand Chaplain, Lillian Burke.
Grand Inside Guard, Ada Burbank.
The officers installed were:
Jennie Hyde, Past Grand.
Mrs. Tony Watkins, Noble Grand
Mrs. Dray, Vice Grand.
Edna Nordeen, Rec. Sec.
Jenny Bower, Fin. Sec
Margaret Meyers, Treas.
Helen Heath, r. S
Marabelle Starlin, L. S.
Mrs. Bertleson, Conductor.
Mrs. Wisecup, Warden.
Mrs. Hargen, r. S.
Mrs. Webber, l.. S.
Mrs. Mcintosh, Chaplain.
Grace Owens, Organist.
Mrs. John A. Mead, Inside Guard.
Mr.. John A. Mead, Outside Guard
For the Odd Fellows, Grand Officers
Cliff Burbank, Grand Warden.
H. Powell Cox, Grand Secretary.
M. H. Filkins, Grand Treasurer.
j. F. Clinkenbeard, Inside Guard.
Installed the following:
j. w. Young, N. G.
Harold G. Goodrich, v. C.
G. w. Burbank, Sec.
G. M. Everett, Treas.
w. ]. Bridgeman, Warden.
| M. H. Thompson, Con.
/, M. H. Filkins, R. S. N. G.
Axel Nordeen, L. S. N. G.
c. E. Blackburn, R. S. v. G.
John Weber, L. S. v. G.
Ben Gordon, R. S. S.
Ned Cox, L. S. S.
Frank Weber, Inside Guard.
Chas. Bertleson, Outside Guard
Hugo Nordeen, Chaplain.
] w. M. Burbank, Organist.
At the conclusion of the ceremcr
les an elaborate lunch was served
the outgoing officers.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
HOMESTEADERS.

Homcsteaders will meet in regular
session Friday, Jan. 8, at 8 p. m.
Refreshments will be served.
Lady of Entertainment
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08

The Public Library will be open to
the public, Tuesday, Jan. G, 1920,
from 2 to and Z to 0 p. m.
J10 Bessie Fcnsler, Librarian.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
pREsBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The Women's Missionary Society
will meet Friday afternoon of this
week ut the home of Mrs. Jorgen
Hansen, at 2:3O o'clock. Leader. Mrs.
r. w. Harvey All ladies are invit
ed.
Preparatory service to the Com
munion will be held at the church on
Thursday evening, at 1880. All men,
bers are urged to attend.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08

Red Karo Syrup, 1O-lb. can 90c.
Blue Karo Syrup, 10-lb. can s5c.
Blue Karo Syrup, liz lib. can he.
Gilmore's Sanitary Grocery. J1O.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
WHAT IS?


The popular question in shoe shop
today.
Naturally person who has pair
of fine shoes will want to know if
they can be soled with sewed soles.
In most Shops the answer is "No."
Because they do not care about your
shoes and another thing, all shops are
not equipped with modern machinery.
But if you have welt sewed or hand
turned pair Of shoes, we will sew the
soles on them.
WHY?
Because we are equipped with the
most modern finisher and stitcher to
be had.
Our motto is, Service Without De-
lay.
Bring in pair of shoes today and
let us show you our work.
Wards Shoe Repair Department,
Missouri Valley Iowa.
Wanted-Man to sell Automobiles
Trucks and Tractors. L. G. Vincent
Missouri Valley, La. J31.
Try a Times Want Ad
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
THE DANISH CHURCH.

THE DANISH CHURCH.
Cottage prayer meetings will be
held this week in the following homes
at 1880 p. M:
Thursday Norberg's, Ais North
Seventh street.
Friday-A. j. Anderson, 527 North
Eighth street.
j. Sanaker, Pastor.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
BELDEN w. R. c.

Friday, Jan. 8, will be regular meet
ng, called at 2:15. 1t is very neces-
saiy for all outgoing and incoming
officers to be present.
Lizzie Casey, Pres.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08

Save your old comfortable shoes by
having them repaired with new mill
tary heels and half soles. Wards
Shoe Store. J8.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
LOYAL WOMEN

The Loyal Women's Class of the
Christian church will meet with Mrs.
Dorman at the Harry Petersen resi-
dence, 9th and Michigan, Tuesday A.
ternoon, Jan. 18th.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
WANTED
WHEAT AND DAT STRAW.

We want to buy ten car loads of
wheat and oat straw. We will pay
$40 per ton for good dry straw, load
ed at Mo. Valley, Iowa. Phone or
write C. A. Olmsted Hay Co., Coun-
ell Bluffs, la. 30.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

The Women's Home Missionary
Society Of the NJ. E. church will meet
with Mrs. Van Dyke at the, parson-
age, on Friday afternoon, ate three
O'Clock.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08

Field mouse, pearl gray, or taupe
gray shoes, $500 value, $685.. Wards
Shore. J1O.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08

Black lace or button shoes for boys
and girls, 1926. Wards Shoe Store.
J1o.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
IMPROVEMENT LEAGUE.

The Improvement League will meet
in the library auditorium Thursday
afternoon, Jan. Is, at 2:3O. A fine
program will be given, and all mem
bers should be present.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
X. L. OF s.

Tuesday, Jan. 18th, will be regular
meeting of the X. L. of S. Every
member is requested to be present, as
there will be a new financier to be
elected. Lizzie Casey, Pres.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
NOTICE.

10. o. F. Red Cloud Encampment
No. 81 will meet in regular session,
Friday evening, Jan. 9. Business of
Importance. All members urged to
be present.
Sam R. Paulson, C. P.
Jan. 9. L. VI. Walker, Scribe.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08

Groceries bought right can be sold
right. You will get such groceries at
Gilmore's Sanitary Grocery. J1o.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
Women's fine shoes, bro

Women's fine shoes, broken in
sizes, for $5.45. Gray, brown or black,
Louis or military heels. Wards Shoe
Store. J1o.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08

Auto livery, call %, stout's Garage,
across from depot. clio.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
HOME MISSIONARY.

The Home Missionary Society Of
the M. E. church will meet at the M.
E. parsonage Friday afternoon at 8
o'clock. All invited.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08
Dean & Daub's Grocery
X. OF P. ELECTION.

Regular meeting Monday, Jan. u.
Election of officers and full attend
ance is desired.
N. M. Carlisle, c. C,
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1920-01-08

Gilmore's Sanitary Groccry-one
price to all, and that price right.
J10.
The Washington times., 1920-04-24
GOVERNOR OF GEORGIA
WELCOMES DE VALERA
Atlanta Citizens Turn Out to Greet
President of Irish
Republic.

ATLANTA. Ga, April 24.-Eamon
De Valera, president Of the Irish Re-
public, is the guest of this city today.
After an official welcome by the gov
ernor of the state and the mayor of
the city and an enthusiastic greeting
by thousands of Irish sympathizers,
he will leave for Macon. where plans
have been made for another great re-
ception.
The presidents party, comprising
DR.. j. A. Irwin, Protestant minister
and educator of Belfast, Ireland, and
several secretaries, was met at the
station yesterday by an official re-
ception committee of one hundred At
lanta business men, headed by Col
]. Fred Paxton, a prominent Baptist
layman.
Last evening the Irish leader was
the guest of honor at a banquet at
the Capital City Club. Eugene r
Black, president of the chamber OF
commerce, was toastmaster. The au-
ditorium was jammed to capacity at
a mass meeting later in the evening.
where the president was introduced
by James Nevin, editor of the Atlanta
Georgian.
The Washington times., 1920-04-24
D. A. R. |NDORSES
ARMY PAY RAISE
Delegates Approve Boost for All
Service Men at Farewell
Morning Session.

Higher pay for soldiers, sailors and
marines for service in the ir respec-
tive branches was advocated before
the closing morning session OF the
twenty ninth continental congress of
the Daughters of the American Revo-
luton this morning, and a resolution
making such provision referred to
the resolution committee.
The odds and ends of business were
disopsed of this morning. The So
ciety went on record as favoring
higher pay for teachers. A resolu-
tion was adopted calling on the Gov
ernment for aid to the new republic
of Poland.
The Democratic party was praised
for its plan of maintaining a standing
army during peace time and edu-
eating the soldiers for industrial
work in a resolution to that effect.
A condensed constitution made com
prehensible for children to be placed
in the schools was Endorsed.
The closing morning session OF the
twenty-ninth congress ended with a
rising vote to send greetings to
President Wilson. After. the installa-
ton of the newly elected officers this
afternoon the congress will adjourn
after a weeks session in the Capital
The Washington times., 1920-04-24
SURVEY ENGINEERS
DUE FOR new PAY
Bin Raising Them to Navy Basis
Expected to Pass House
and Senate.

A permanent navy pay basis for en-
gineers in the Coast and Geodetic
Survey is provided in the army and
navy pay bill. over which a bitter
fight is now being waged in con-
ference between the House and
Senate.
Discrepancies between pay and
rank of the Coast and Geodetic Sur
vey engineers are equali1ed in the
measure. which is expected to be
formally approved by House and
Senate as soon as the conferees COM
pose their difference.
At the present time these engi-
neers have the rank of captains,
lieutenants, and ensigns in the navy,
but do not have the pay to which
under the navy scale they are en-
titled.
Glass A engineers in the survey
have a rank equal to that Of ensigns
in the navy. but they draw only
81, 100 per annum, whereas an ensign
draws from $1,000 to $1,s00 per
annum.
The junior grades, photographic
and geodetic engineers, have a rank
equal to that of naval lieutenants,
and are paid 81. 700 per year, whereas
the naval lieutenants draw from
81, 500 to $4,000.
The senior grade photographic and
geodetic engineer has a rank equiva-
lent to that of captain in the navy,
but has a yearly salary of only $4,000,
whereas a navy captain ranges from
81, 400 to $4,000.
1t is the purpose OF the army and
navy pay bill to do away with these
inequalities and to place the engineers
of the survey on permanent pay
basis equivalent to their navy rank.
The Senate pay bill contains the pro-
visions, and Senator Wadsworth has
announced that the Senate conferees
will not recede from the stand they
have taken on behalf of the officers
of the army and navy. the Coast and
Geodetic Survey, the Coast Guard, and
the Public Health Service.
The Washington times., 1920-04-24
HOUSE WILL PROBE
MORSE CONTRACTS
Sweeping Investigation of Ship
ping Board Dealings With
Virginia Yard Coming. =

A sweeping investigation OF the
contract OF the Emergency Fleet Cor
poration of the United States Ship
ping Board with the Virginia Ship
Building Corporation in Alexandria,
Va, one of the companies controlled
by Charles w. Morse. of New York,
will be conducted by the special
House committee that is probing ex-
penditures for ship construction dur
ing tho war.
Developments brought out at hear
ings before the committee, showing
that the Government had advanced
100000 to the Groton Iron Works
one of tho Morse companies involved
in receiverships. determined the com.
mittee to go thoroughly into con-
tracts with all other Morse compan-
les, including the Alexandria ship
building concern.
Admiral Cats, who was asked
about the contracts which he had q
hand in negotiating with Morse com
panies, told the committee that he
thought the contract with the Vir-
glnia Ship Building Corporation was
better than most contracts because
the Government did not provide any
financial assistance In the building
OF the yard.
Did you know at the time OF let
ting the contract that Charles w.
Morse was the same one who had been
convicted and served a term in tho
pcnitentlary and was later pardoned
by President Taft?" asked Congress-
man Walsh.
II don't know that did" replied
Admiral Cats. II don't know that
IL would have had any bearing. The
rule controlling cases OF that kind is
the contract Itself"
Because of the damaging testimony
that has been brought out with re.
gard to the recelvership Of the Groton
Iron Works and other Morse concerns
the committee decided that IL would
60 thoroughly into every phase OF the
contract with tho Virginia ship Build.
ing Corporation.
The Washington times., 1920-04-24
"CUT HIGH COST OR
QUIT" "SAYSCAPPER
Justice Departments Policy
Against Profiteers Attacl fd
BY Kansas Senator.

Calling upon "the law-enforcing
officials OF the Government to resign"
IL they cannot ~curb the profteer and
enforce the law" Senator Capper. Re-
publican, of Kansas, today addressed
the Senate on the question Of the
high cost of living.
STRIKES and Industrial disorder has
come as a result Of rampant, long
continued, and unrestricted profiteer-
ing" Capper said, III the law-enforc-
ing officers of the Government can.
not enforce the laws, they should re-
sign"
Capper scored the Department OF
Justice for its methods in endeavor-
ing to reduce the cost Of living. 'No
country can adjust itself to constantly
increased prices" Capper declared.
mo country can be enriched by the
gouge process. Our delusion of pros.
perity continues. but our business is
declining as might be expected
prices for American products have
increased to such an extent that both
the home and foreign market is fail.
ing us. The extent to which the peo-
pie have been bled by war and extor-
tion Is almost unbelievable" Capper
continued.
The Kansas Senator said recent
Government reports shows that 79,624
American corporations, many OF
whom have stockholders who are
lodging the income tax through stock
dividends" averaged gross profits of
more than $500. 600. 900 each in a sim
gle year.
1T Is Illuminating to note that in
just one year during the war the
gross income of American corpora
tions rose from thirty-five and one.
third billions to eighty-four and a
half billions" Capper continued.
do you suppose that people who
pinch, skimp, and who are being
forced to do without many things
they need in order that we may double
the number OF pre-war millionaires.
thrill with patriotic fervor when they
read a lesson on thrift and 100 per
cent Americanism from one Of these
1000 per cent tax lodging grand
ISLANDERS
Reports of profits made and adyer-
tised by various corporations were
referred to by Capper.
The Washington times., 1920-04-24
DENIES j. S. PAID
FOR IDLE VESSELS
n. H. Raymond, Head Of NAL
Iory and Clyde Lines, Calls
Charges Absurd.

NEW YORK, April 24.-Unqualified
denial of the widely-printed reports
yesterday that large rentals were
paid to the Clyde and the Mallory
steamship companies by the United
States Shipping Board for vessels
which never were used by the Gov
ernment, is made in a statement by
H. H. Raymond, who is president OF
both companies and general manager
of the Clyde company.
Calls 1t Ridiculous.
In denying the assertions regard
ing the rentals. which were made by
counsel for the Merchants and Min
ers' Transportation Company, OF Bal
timore, at a hearing before the board
of referees of the Interstate Com
merce Commission in Washington last
Wednesday. Raymond declares:
There Is absolutely no truth in it.
and had same not been made by coun-
sci of reputable competitor we
would not dignity 1t with a denial
as 1t is so absurd and ridiculous"
Answering the charge in detail, In
cluding the statement that officials
of the Clyde and Mallory lines sat
on the Shipping Board which allowed
the rentals, Mr.. Raymond says:
Answer to Charges.
"First-On- October 10, 1917, the
ships of the Clyde and Mallory com
panies in excess of $500 tons dead
weight, in common with similar ships
Of other companies, were requisitfon.
ed by the United States Shipping
Board.
"Second-Our companies have not
received any compensation for prop.
erty which has not been in the active
service of the Government, either by
charter or requisition.
"Third-There was no idle property
(Continued on Page 2. Column 2.)
The Washington times., 1920-04-24
CONGRESSMAN IS
BRINGING SON BACK
Louis PheIan With Reynolds
Condor at Quebec, La,
After Trip.

Louis Phelan, son of Congressman
Phelan, of Massachusetts,. and Rey-
nolds Condor, OF 1901 Biltmore street
northwest who re reported to have
run away from l. me at an assembly
of boys in Western High School on
Thursday, are expected to return to
Washington shortly, according to
word received today.
They are now in the company OF
Congressman Phelan, at Quebec, La,
and have been touring tho South. II
is announced.
At the office OF Mr.. Phelan this
morning II was said that he was ex-
pccted in Washington the first OF the
week.
Though students at Western High,
where the boys attended school, were
asked to aid in tracing the youths
by locating n friend they were re-
ported to have been writing to in
Washington, IL has been denied by
the parents that tho boys left the
District without permission. II has
been declared that letters have been
coming directly from them regularly,
and that their whereabouts have al
ways been known
The Washington times., 1920-04-24
PER DIEM PAY INCREASE
PUT UP TO NAVY YARD
Engineer Commissioner Kutz Tells
Employees Higher Wages Are
Impossible at Present.

Increase in pay OF District per diem
employees depends entirely upon a
change in the scale OF wages paid at
the Navy Yard, Engineer Commis-
sioner Kutz told a committee OF em-
ployes yesterday
Commissioner Kutz said that the
District wages are regulated by the
Navy Yard pay. He declared that II
there was an increase at the yard he
felt the District would be willing to
bring the wage scale UP TO meet II.
The conference was not unsatisfac-
tory to the men, even though they
were practically turned down in their
request for higher wages according
to Joseph ~. Hurley president of the
City Employees Association
The Washington times., 1920-04-24

NEW YORK. April 24.-Wife-beat-
ing, habitual drunkenness and infi-
deity are among the charges made
against Frank j. Gould. multimillion-
aire. In a petition for separation and
suitable maintenance filed in the su-
preme court here by Mrs. Edith Kelly
Gould. the former English actress,
from whom Gould obtained a di-
vorce in Paris, December o.
Gould, In obtaining his decree In
Paris, charged his wife with miscon-
duct with Mario Cassaus, a Mexican.
Soon after the decree was granted II
was reported that Mrs. Gould and
Cassaus had been ined in the cor
rections court of Paris for miscon-
duct. She did not contest Gould's
suit. and did not succeed In having
the decree set aside. but did obtain
an award of about one-half of his
fortune. In her suit filed here she de-
clares his conduct caused her to leave
him In May. 1918. and since then he
has not supplied any funds for her
maintenance.
says He Invaded Bedrosn.
Just before she left him, she says,
he broke into her bedroom In the
Maison Lafitte, in Paris, while intoxi-
Gated, dragged her from bed by the
hair, and on the same night, her
story runs. he threatened to kill her
and tried to force her to drink the
contents OF . phial which she said
contained poison.
During periods Of prolonged drink
ing, the complainant continues, Mr..
The Washington times., 1920-04-24
REBELS GAIN AS j. S. WARSHIPS near MEXICO
Wife Charges Gould
With Being Untrue;
He Beat Me, She Says

Gould could not be induced to take
a bath more often than once q month.
Once he did not change his clothes
for six weeks, Mrs. Gould says.
She says he washed his own UNDER
clothing In cold water, without soap,
telling her II was for economy. She
continues:
"He would become practically in
sane for a week about once a month
and would gather bits Jf string and
tin lying about until he collected a
box full. Then he would throw II
away"
From 1913 to the time she left him.
she goes on, Gould was constantly
and habitually unfaithfuL" In Paris
from 1914 to 1918, he visited houses
of ill-repute almost nightly. the wife
says. and was known In every such
resort In the French capital
"sonia- Eaters Case.
In 1915, Mrs. Gould alleges her hus-
band rented and furnished an apart
ment for a woman known as sonia
and maintained here there for two
years. giving her 5000 francs q
month, an automobile and much jew
siry. On one occasion Sonia visited
Mr.. Gould at Robiilard while Mrs.
Gould was present. At another time,
when he had preceded his wife TO
Paris, Mrs. Gould says. she saw Soniu
leaving her apartment
In the spring Of 1917, the complaint
recites, installed at the Hotel Edward
VII. in Paris. Leonia Rauquis, better
known as Leone Ritz. as his mistress.
Mrs. Gould says this woman would
Continued on Page z, Column g.
The Washington times., 1920-04-24
ITALIAN ENVOY IN
RUSSIA TO OPEN
SOVIET PARLEYS

LONDON, April 24.-An Italian
cruiser, bearing an envoy to be-
gin negotiations with the soviet
government, has arrived Mt No.
vorossisk, said a wireless dis
patch from Moscow today.
According to the rndiogram
the envoy Is Captain de Martini,
who has Informed the Bolshevik
government that he was author
iycd by Premier NItti to begin
preliminary negotiations for a
renewal Of relations between
Russia and ltal,-
The Washington times., 1920-04-24
WORKERSFEAR
TEN-CENTFA FARE
Federal Employees to Work for
Merger Of Car Lines in
District.
SEE PLOT IN NEW RAISE
Committee Will Draft Plea OF
Unions for Action by
Congress.

The National Federation of Fed
eral Employees this morning, in an
nouncing its determination to exert
every influence with Congress to
bring about. a merger of the street
car lines in Washington, expressed
its suspicion that the new Scent
fare which is about to 60 into ef-
feet is but a step to Q and then
a 10-cent fare.
Sec 10-Cent Fare Soon.
-There is every indication thai
1o-cent street car fare for the Distric,
OF Columbia Is not far on. Don't bt
fooled by the pleasantly of n mere
scent fare beginning May /. This II
only the stepping-stone for higher
things" says the statement OF the fed.
GRAFTON.
Significance is attached by the fed
GRAFTON to the recent testimony of Elk.
pert Richey. of the w. r. & E.. before
the Public Utilities Commission.
docs this suggest anything tc
you?" the statement continues in re-
ferring to this testimony. Mr.
cent fare with Sh-cent tickets would
give the w. r & Z. revenue enough
to return per cent on the company's
investment.
"Of course the w. r. & Il. would
not deal roughly with the public. Bet
ter avoid shocj<A a little at n time
please. 80 that the patient won't get
out from under the anesthetic. Nc
high Jump from to 10. Easy steps
8. 8, 10.
ALSO pacify the patient by killing
OF the DOGGY man'-the zone-fart
system-and he'll think the Scent
fare a victory as Washington
newspaper recently termed IL.
Committee to Draft Plea.
"All the Federal employees unions
in Washington must make common
cause at once and put an end to stree
car fare extortion."
The four Federal employees union,
of this city this morning reported tC
the federation that they strongly ia.
vored a merger of the street car lines
Resolutions to this effect were passed
by the locals. as well as resolution.
condemning the Scent fare.
jeremiah Connolly, chairman OF the
legislative committee of local No 2
w. F. Franklin. president of local No
SO, and Richard Taylor, head of loca
No. II, will form a committee togeth'
er with President Luther c. Steward
of the National Federation of FEEDER
al Employees, to draft the plea of the
unions to Congress for a merger o.
the two lines.