davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-01-07

The funeral of william 4. Ed
wards took place today from De-
names mcrtuary chapel. Services
we're conducted by Rev. DR.. S. "A.
Wallis. of the Episcopal Theological
Seminary, and the body was shipped
o Richmond for burial
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-01-07

A false alarm of fire at l1:20
o'clock last night brought out the
fire department. The apparatus
went as far as King and West
streets
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-01-07

Through a misunderstanding.
Inc Gazette yesterday stated that
Captain Herman Pohl, U S. A,
las returned from 13 months service
overseas, when it should have been
. months.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-01-07

James ". Boitwood, seven months
Id, son CT Mr.. and Mrs. James
3o!twcod, died this morning at h!s
parents residence. GOT Princess
,frect. The body was shipped t.
lay to Charlottesville. Va. for bur
ial.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-01-07

John Thomas Evans, eleven days
Did, son Of Mn. and Mrs. j. 7.
Evans, died last night at his parents
,esidence. 327 South Lee street, and
The funeral took place this after
noon.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-01-07

Jacob W Hott, G3 years old, died
his morning at his residence, GIG
rank ia street. Til" deceased was
| florist. His wife and severa:
.hildrcn are living. The body will
&c sent to Dayton, Va. tonorDw
or burial.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-01-07

aIessls. N. w. Gaines, c. ".
Fletcher, W. G. Drury and X. ".
Ogden are staying at the McAlpin
Hotel. New York. while attending
he automobile show.
The Arizona copper camp., 1920-09-18
IS CONFIDENT THAT
i. S. IS panic PROOF

Confidence that the currency an0
banking system of the United States
has made the country "panic- proof"
under wise financial leadership is ex-
pressed by the National Bank of Com
merce in New York in an article bear
ing the title "The Normal Business
Cycle" in recent number of it's
magazine, Commerce Monthly. The
federal reserve system, the bank says
has been devised to make panics i'm
possible in the future, and there is
abundant reason to expect that we
shall not see again in this country
such decentralization and chaos in the
1907 Witnessed
mo currency and banking system
can avoid the recurrence of crises in
the sense of liquidation periods, or
periods of readjustment, but we have
strong grounds for confidence that,
under wise financial leadership, our
currency and banking system has
made us panic proof" the bank states.
Periods of reaction and liquidation,
unless too violent and prolonged, are
wholesome rather than harmful, the
bank says. 1t explains that such
crises are merely phases of the gen.
eral rhythmic movement in business
1t differentiates, however, between
crises and panics, defining crisis as
IAN affair Of industry generally and
a panic as "an affair Of the money
market" 1t declares that sound bank
policy can and does prevent crises
from degenerating into panics.
'As our understanding of crises has
increased" the hank states, "we have
come to substitute for the notion of
crisis the notion of business cycle
and to recognize that the crisis is
merely a phase of the general rhyth-
mic movement in business-cr fol
lowed by depression, depression by
prosperity, prosperity by crisis again,
and so on, There is good reason for
believing, too, that with better under
standing of the business cycle we are
gaining better control of it, that the
period of prosperity can be length
ened, that the crisis can be made less
severe and that the period of depres-
sion can he shortened. If we can min
imize the extravaganza and mistakes
of the prosperity period, we can make
the reaction from it less severe. This
relates to the normal crisis.
Great disasters, such as a world
war, will bring arrangement under
any system imaginable Natural dis
asters - earthquakes, fires, tidal
waves, crop failures and the like
striking at great and rich centers of
population, may bring unexpected bus
mess and financial shocks. But the
normal crisis which brings every pros
perity period to close can ultimately
The Arizona copper camp., 1920-09-18

be reduced to relatively painlessI
process of readjustment.
"Crises come when active businessI
men find that their creditors, whetherI
banks or investors or other businessI
men, begin to insist upon a contrac-
ton of credit and liquidation of debts
A crisis means the end of a boom
period, the Inauguration of a period
Of slow business and depression, ac-
companied by settling up of debts
and readjustment of prices"
Periods of reaction and liquida-
tion," according to Commerce Month
ly, relieve maladjustment and strain.
They prevent unsound policies from
being carried too far. They give time
for the maturing of new plans and for
the careful introduction of new proc
esses. They check wastes and restore
efficiency. They allay financial few
ers. They need mitigation and CON
trol-but progressively we are learn
ing to mitigate and to control them"
when the banking and currency
system is sound and elastic it is al
most always possible to prevent a
crisis from degenerating into panic"
the bank continues. cit is no part OF
the duty of the banks in crisis period
to force, by artificial methods, con
tinuance of waning prosperity. Banks
will rather seek to persuade their
strongest customers to curtail borrow
ings in the interests of the general
situation, and may even seek to per-
suade their strongest customers to
make loans to help relieve the situa-
tion. But banks will lend freely to-
enable solvent firms to meet their
quick liabilities. 1t is their business
to protect solvent firms, but not toI
protect insolvent firms. 1t is their
business to assist solvent firms toI
mobilize slow assets, but it is not
their business to validate bad assets
of insolvent firms"
Ing A0C0uC PAOpOodI lOI SIdUlliZIuS
the dollar by withdrawing gold coins
from circulation and substituting for
them gold certificates redeemable in
a varying amount OF gold has many
defects, the article says. 1t points out
that had such a method been in Oper
alton in 1893 and in 1907, it would
have lead to foreign drains on our
gold.
''The most important proposal that
has yet been made for the mitigationE
of the extremes of the business cycle, II
the bank says, "is that the variousI
The Arizona copper camp., 1920-09-18
woodworking has heen electrified

woodworking has been electrified.
On the campus, as shown in the
accompanying illustration, force Of
men has. been at work all summer in
building q complete series Of cement
sidewalks and building approaches
and in establishing a new series of
driveways about the campus at a cost
OF $4,000, all of which will be done by
the opening Of the fall semester.
OF course, the costlier part Of the
outlay on the development Of the Nor
nal is that comprised in the new
buildings which either have been
completed during the past year and a
half or which are now under con-
struction. One of these is the audi
torium, attached as a new wing to the
administration building, erection of
which started as far back as 1915 but
on which little progress was made
until the present management began
to push it. 1t is three-story fire.
proof structure, housing the manual
arts, the biological laboratory and the
commercial department.
Campbell is the name of the new
dormitory, completed in 1919, and
named in honor of the Hon. Hugh E..
CampEall, state senator from Coconino
county. 1t is thoroughly equipped
with all modern conyeniences and un-
der the care of a competent matron.
The training school building which
is now in process of erection and
which it is hoped to finish late in the
fall, perhaps by November 20, will
cost $4,000 equipped, the three new
buildings representing close to $780,
600 investment.
In policy, through the determina-
tion of the recent head, the Normal
has gone into close 'affiliation with the
state university in the matter of sum-
mer courses, sixteen of the instructors
in the recent summer school being
from the U. of A. and giving courses
that are recognized by the university.
The entire institution is run on the
electric clock system as far as classes
and gatherings are concerned, the
equipment having been placed this
year.
There is a special athletic depart
ment conducted by the Normal which
maintains it's basketball, football and
baseball teams and has a group Of
three cement tennis courts.
The building program has added
fully 35 per cent to the capacity of
the school, giving much greater free
dom to the faculty and pupils in their
work in the past 18 months
The affiliation with the university
has increased both the efficiency and
the ranking of the Normal until to-
day it has become what was hoped
in vain for it for SO many years, an
educational institution which is fully
equipped and which uses to the ut
most it's plant, it's courses, it's loca-
tion for the turning out of thoroughly
seasoned, capable and enthusiastic
teachers for the children of Arizona
The Arizona copper camp., 1920-09-18
BADGER fight IS
VERY TAME EVENT

The badger fight was not such a
success as it might have been. The
dog was too large Evidently the
badger had not Keen properly nour-
ished for when he was pulled out he
seemed too listless. Possibly he had
been too long without a good work
out. Evidently the man who pulled
him out Wednesday night was afraid
of breaking his neck or something
else, for he did not show much more
speed than the badger. However, he
got as far as the curb and then lost
his interest.
The Arizona copper camp., 1920-09-18

PHOENIX, Sept 18.-If to be sur
rounded t:y the beautiful, as phil
osopher said, is to be half way to a
liberal education, the young men and
women of Arizona are three-fourths
along that highway when they attend
the Northern Normal at Flagstaff. 1t
was positive stroke Of legislative
genius which placed this important
school in the shadow of the San Fran
cisco Peaks, in the very core of q
group of the worlds greatest scenic
wonders and with climate that in
vites open sessions of the institution
throughout the entire year.
The plant has always been an i'm
posing one, built of native red sand
stone and comprising group of build
ings adequate to house the students
and the implements for their studies.
1t has been advertised in way more
than its companion of Tempe, but for
some reason or another no sincere
citizen of the state has felt until with
in the last year and a half that the
school was meeting it's expectations
A revolution has been wrought in
conditions, however, since January
1919, under the efficient leadership of
DR.. Creager, who is now going to the
state university.
The revolution has been chiefly
that in method of study and manage
ment, but with it there has been, for
tunately, such an expansion of the
physical side of the Normal as has
made for better work.
In the latter the improvements rep
resent the expenditure of large sum
in the past 18 months. Taken not
at all in order, there is the adapta-
ton of the home of the assistant to
the superintendent, Prof. G. E. Walk
er, as a vocational practice studio, the
installation in the manual training de-
partment of $4,000 worth of new ma
chinery which quadruples the capa-
city of that course, the expansion of
the bookkeeping and typewriting
equipment, the complete remodeling
of the kitchen, and the extension of
the courses in domestic science, the
cutting off Of two new kindergarten
rooms and their furnishing through
out, the creation Of magnificent new
assembly room in the administration
building which will seat several hun
dred, this being equipped with a fine
piano, 700 opera chairs, a motion pic
ture machine which cost $1,000, and
adjustable fixtures, SO that it can be
used for social entertainments; the
construction of a new private office
for the use of the president, so, that
aside from the completion of the Ash
urst wing, more than $4,000 in this
eighteen-month period has been spent
in rebuilding practically the main
building and for the additional fea-
lures.
All the machinery of the plant, as
we'll as that used in the class rooms,
including the new $4,000 planer for
The Arizona copper camp., 1920-09-18

grades of government, federal, state
and municipal, together with large cor
porations like the railroads, should
adopt a buying policy designed to
throw as many OF their, purchases as
possible into the period of depression
and to withdraw from the market in
considerable measure at the height of
the period of prosperity"
The Arizona copper camp., 1920-09-18

Rev. Conquest of the colored church
of Ray entertained Rt. Rev. l.. w.
Kyles of st. Louis and Presiding Elder
Clark of Phoenix this week.
The Washington herald., 1920-07-20
CANADIAN RAILWAYS
ASK RATE ADVANCE

Railroads Of the United States are
not the only ones which find an in
crease in freight rates necessary in
order to meet higher operating
costs. The Canadian Railway As
sociation, representing all of the
lines in the Dominion, has applied
to the Railway Commission for per-
mission to increase freight rates
generally 80 per cent. The appli-
cation is based entirely on present
costs of operation, including labor
and materials, which, 1t IL claimed,
greatly exceed the increased reve-
nue. obtained from the rate advance
granted about two years ago. At
that time employees were given
wage advances based on similar in
creases in the United States under
the McAdoo award, with the result,
according to the Railway Associa-
tion, that the new rates added only
&t3.000.000 approximately to gross
revenue. whereas additional wage
costs were about $50. 1000, 900, leaving
a discrepancy Of some $4,000, 900
for the first year, and this loss is
steadily increasing. Since the be-
ginning of the war. prices of coal,
rails, cars. locomotives and prac-
tically all materials have more than
doubled. railway officials assert
The proposed increase in rates Is
declared to be q national quite as
much as a railroad necessity, and
Is intended merely to compensate
the carriers for "the alarming
shrinkage in the purchasing power
OF the railway dollar"
The Washington herald., 1920-07-20
COTTON RECEIPTS.

Cotton seed received at mills ex-
cluding reshipments. during August
I. 1919. to June 80. 1920. totaled
4.O07.357 tons as compared with A.
4339l7 tons for the similar previ-
Gus period. the Census Bureau an
nounced yesterday.
Cotton seed crushed during the
eleven months period ended June so
totaled 3,996,690 tons against 1885,
1913 tons for the similar previous
period.
Products Manufactured from Cotton
Seed.
Crude oil 1.2O7.51s,s31 pounds from
August 1. 1919. to June 80, 1920,
as compared with 1,3l0,974.062 for
the same previous eleven months.
Refined oil 10.s66.1o9.259 pounds
against 1.114.400.703 for the previ-
Gus eleven months period.
Cake and meal manufactured dur
ing eleven months ended June 80
totaled 1.s12.l5s against 2.14S.s74
for the previous eleven months.
Hulls from August l to June 80
totaled 1.13s.306 tons as compared
with 1.114,356 for the previous
similar period.
Linters for eleven months ended
June 80 totaled Sos.2ss bales against
s22.232 for previous eleven months
period.
Hull fiber from August l to June
50 totaled 14s,6SS bales against
127.6oI bales for previous similar
period.
stocks on Hand June 30.
Seed at plants totaled 1882 tons
as compared with 3S,157 tons June
so. 1919.
Crude oil totaled 45.50e.6S2 pounds
against 56,001.35s pounds June 80,
1919.
Refined oil totaled 326.069.6 62s
pounds as compared with 1sS.73S,-
513 pounds June 80, last year.
The Washington herald., 1920-07-20
New French Budget Provides Immense
Expenditure Ouer Last Pre- War Year

meet her own regular obligations;
and second. to finance expenditures
for which she should eventually be
reimburse by her late enemies in
the payment OF sum. on reparation
accounts due France under the
Treaty of Peace.
The budget Of ordinary expendi-
lures, which include the expenses
Of the civil government. the normal
military, marine and colonial ap-
propriations and interest on the
public debt, France expects to meet
by taxation. Thus, the real budget
Is balanced"
The first section Of the extraordi-
nary budget includes expenses such
as those for special missions in
Palestine. Syria, and Turkey, q sub
vention to Alsace-Lorraine and de-
mobilization bonuses. The tota, for
this section Of $500 million francs
is. 1t is stipulated, temporary ex-
penditure and will disappear next
year. The Finance Ministry plans
to meet 1t by sales Of war stocks
and loans.
ordinary budget, an item five times
the total of Frances pre-war ex-
penditure, will be spent for repair
ing the damages of war. building
railroads, highways, canals, farms
pied soldiers and to Frances war
widows and orphans.
The problem of finding resources
enough to cover this second extra :
ordinary item during the present
year Is the most serious financial
task facing the Republics financial
experts. Germany. under the terms
of the Treaty of Peace. was to pay
all the allies 10000 million marks
in gold before May OF next year:
but to date she has paid nothing
on this account. The conference
now In session at Spa may lead to
some definite arrangement, which
will bring some cash into the French
treasury from this reparations
source.
This Years Credit.
oihSc thc icSai iiinit LOT dQVanCeS
from the Bank Of France to the
French government is $4,000 million
francs and as this limit will be re-
duced by recent law to $4,000 mill
lion francs on December 81, 1920.
and as present advances are in ex-
cess of $4,000 million francs, the
new credit needed to cover frances
extraordinary expenditures this year
must be met by borrowing from
other sources. The popular loan
held In France last spring netted
15.7o0 million francs, $500 million
francs of which were new money.
During last year the sale of bonds
for the nations. defense totaled
$4,000 million francs. Since January
FIRST this year the sales have aver
aged 1900 million francs a month.
Under the present plan thes bonds
which are payable in three to six
months and are thus similar in
character to our certificates of in
debtedness or to English Treasury
bills. will be one Of :he most impor.
tant sources or income to the end
Of the present year.
The Washington herald., 1920-07-20
GRAIN MARKET.

Chicago, July 19.-Corn was ~
to &c higher today. Prices held
well because there was less selling
at pressure. Cool weather and talk
of railroad labor troubles were fac
tors which caused pit traders to
switch to the bull side. LIVERPOOL
spot corn and futTres were higher.
Wheat showed gains OF 81 to Sc.
closing at almost the best prices OF
the day. There was good buying.
especially in December. Offerings
of wheat to arrive wer Elm good
volume. Early the marset weaken
ed under pressure of commission
houses. but reports from Mime
apolis and other sections brought
prices back again.
Oats were X to 1Ac higher.
Premiums were shaded again at the
close. cash oats were l to 1zc low
er Trade was inactive, but prices
were governed by the action OF
corn. Cash trade was slow IL start
ing.
The Washington herald., 1920-07-20
BANKERSPLAN
FOR ASSEMBLY
Executives Called Into Ses.
sion for Discussion Of
General Plans.

The executive committee of the
American Bankers Association held !.
q meeting yesterday afternoon in
the Gridiron Room, New willard
Hotel. at the call of Col, Robert N.
Harper. chairman Of the associa- =
ton. to discuss general plans for
the convention which visits Wash.
ington October Is to 81.
In addition to routine business
transacted, the committee elected
Rolf Boiling. president Of the Com
merciaf National Bank, vice chair
man Of the committee on conven-
ton meetings. Mr.. Boiling is also
vice president OF the Phoenix Ma
tional Bank of New York City. -
The committee agreed that ALL
vice chairmen be automaticaily
made members of the executive :
committee.
The suggestion of a private tele-l
phone exchange for the convenience .
of the association met with unani-
nous approval :.
The chairman Of the hotels COM
mittce reported that 700 requests
for hotel accommodation had al /.
ready come in If this can be taken
as criterion, the largest attend
ance that ever marked a convention
can be expected.
In concluding, the committee
o. KID generally everything that
has been accomplished to date by
convention secretary. Thomas Grant.
Members in attendance were: {
Chairman Robert N. Harper, George
w. White. chairman clearing house
committee and president National
Metropolitan Bank; George o. wal
son, president Liberty National
Bank and chairman convention
meeting committee; w. ]. Waller,
cashier American National Bank
and chairman national bank section
committee; Maurice Otterback,
president Anacostia Bank and chair
man State bank section: w. w.
Spaid. manager W. B. Hibbs & Co,
chairman music committee and vice
chairman hotels committee: George
Vass, cashier Riggs National Bank
and vice chairman entertainment
committee; Harry V. Haynes, presi-
dent Farmers and Mechanics Bank
and chairman entertainment COM
mittee. and Thomas Grant. the con-
vention's secretary.
The Washington herald., 1920-07-20
MONEY.

New York. July 19.-Time money
market started the week little
changed. rate being quoted at Sl@
per cent for loans on mixed COL
lateral and 9 per cent on loans on
all Industrial collateral. Very little
money was to be had at the above
rates.
Mercantile paper rates were also
unchanged at s to sk per cent ac-
cording to the character of the bills.
Money on call opened at 9 per
cent: high. 8 per cent; low. s per
cent; close, S per cent.