davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1920-10-28
BOYS AND GIRLS CLUB
An Achievement Story from Sew.
ing Club Girl.

Kathyrn Syfford, sixteen years old,
lives in. Hanford. Her sewing club
record shows that she made seven ar
ticles since April 18th, valued at $50.
estimated profit $500. The educa-
tional value is partly revealed in the
following story: "My Achievement
Story:-Our country club leader
came to our school one day last spring
and told us about the club work. She
told us how useful it was and how in
dependent it taught us to be. At first
/ thought that would have too much
work to do this summer to take up
the club work. l have never regret
ted now, that have finished the
sewing, that took the club leaders
advice and joined the club.
We had local leader, chosen by
the parent-teachers' association. The
first problem in our sewing course
was to make sewing bag by hand.
For the first time found how hard
it is to cut silk, for / made my bag
of colored silk. The instructions were
to cut the material thirty inches by
twelve inches. This was rather diff
cult to do, as silk trays so easily. The
second problem to make was an apron.
We had our choice between a sewing
apron and a canning aprin. As had
a sewing apron, made a canning APP
ron. I have since found this a very
useful article. Next was a cap. +
made the All band cap. This is a
very simple one-piece pattern. 1t is
a great advantage to have a cap that !
is so easily Numbered. For the fourth
problem / made a chenise yoke at
1t is made with crocheted yoke at |
the top and hemstitched hem at the
bottom. As a household article, |
made laundry bag of cretonne. 1t
is made with hoop at the top, which
has cord attached at each side of it.
My outside garment is smock, made
Of ,sugarsock cloth, trimmed with blue
and white checked gingham.'
was chosen to represent the Han
ford sewing club at the Benton Coun-
~ exhibit and contests, which were
neld in Kennewick. The contestants
from the different towns were re-
Iuired to make an apron for them
selves, from one square yard of ma
,erial. won first prize in this con-
est, which was free trip to the
state fair, which was held
n Yakima. was required to bring
me homemade garment for exhibit
md material, one square yard, to
make an apron.
Our county club leader, three girls
from White Bluffs and l went to
overland. From there we
vent to Yakima on the train. When
We arrived, we went out to the fair
grounds, where we found our sleep
ng tent and dining room, just for
Tub members. The district sewing
contest, which included Benton, Yak
ma, Klickiat, Kittitas counties, was
leld Wednesday. I was successful in
getting the first prize in this con-
est. 1 then entered the State Sew
ng Club contest, in which / won the
second prize. / can assure everyone
hat / enjoyed every minute Of the
week which spent in Yakima.
I hope more boys and girls will
DIN the different clubs next year and
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1920-10-28

TX TX * TX TX TX TX TX * TX y! * TX * * *
TX LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE TX
The Jasper news., 1920-09-16
CORN BLOWS DOWN.
Much Damage on Farms From Mon
day's Wind and Rain.

Corn in fields was badly blown
Monday morning in the wind
storm according to reports coming
in to the farm bureau. George
Campbell, who lives in the north
east part Of the county, says the
ground is so soft from recent hard
rains that corn has blown down
easily for some time past. Very
many corn fields in that section
are down. A. Fenimore, living
south of town brings the same re-
port. Others from different parts
Of the county report much corn
down.
THE ears that are under the
blown-over corn. will rot in the
mud" Mr.. Fenimore says. "Top
ears>will come through all right,
but will be hard to gather. Jasper
county corn has suffered severely
from recent storms, and Monday
mornings storm has been the worst
of all. At the present stage of corn
growth the down corn will not
rise again"
Threshing h a again been
stopped until the stacks dry out.
Wheat in stacks is reported to be
keeping well, although a few stacks
are reported to be sprouting. -
Carthage Press.
The Jasper news., 1920-09-16
SHERIDAN
Mrs. Joy Kerney

Ruth Gurley spent Tuesday
night and Wednesday with Mrs.
Basil McClintock.
Mrs. Ann Kline spent Friday
and Saturday with her sister, Mrs.
Amos Harvey.
Basil McClintock and family
and Charley McClintock and wife
spent Sunday at VIM. McClin-
tock's
Homer Wampler and family
visited Mr.. Gather in Carthage
Sunday.
Oscar Fasken and family visited
Sunday with Floyd McClintock
and family.
Dan Wampler had his barn
struck by lightning Saturday
morning, tearing one end up badly
John Gresham and family spent
Sunday with Joy Kerney's.
The Jasper news., 1920-09-16
APPoLNTMENr IS CONFIRMED.
E. T. TalIey, School Attendance Off
Ger, Begins Work This Week.

E. T. TalIey, School Attendance Off
Ger, Begins Work This Week.
The appointment by Walter
Colley, county school superintend-
emit, Of Edward F. TaIley as rural
school attendance officer, was APP
proved by the county court last
Thursday. Mr.. Talley will begin
his duties next week.
Not until the rural teachers have
made out a list Of absentees, made
up from the enrolment of children
of school age, compared with the
enrolment in the schools, will the
attendance officer have a list to
visit.
( The Office was created by the
legislature and it was not optional
but obligatory to appoint one.
His salary will be 81 a.day for ev-
cry day he is on duty. 1t will be
his business to visit every family
where children of school age are
reported as not attending school.
His is not an office so much to look
after truancy cases, although that
will be a part of his assignment,
but the primary object is for him
to find children who are kept at
home by their parents.
1t is obligatory for every child
of school age to attend some pub
lie or private school until the
eighth grade is passed. Where the
absence of a child is caused by
parents keeping it from school,
after the attendance officer has
called on the parents and notified
them Of the law, the parents may
be fined in a Justices court, and
then compelled tosend the child to
school.
The state appropriation for
schools is based largely on. school
attendance. Mr.. Colley believes
the added amount appropriated
for Jasper county schools as a re-
suit Of the appointment of an at
tendance officer, will far more than
pay the new officers salary and
expenses.
The Jasper news., 1920-09-16
The Editors Easy JOB.

There are people who think any
one can be an editor, says the
Gotebo (Oklahoma) Gazette in
its issue of the first, adding -"All
an editor has to dois to sit at his
desk six days in the week, four
weeks in the month, and twelve
months in the year and edit
such stuff as this:
Mrs. Jones of Lost Creek let
a can opener slip last week and
cut herself in the pantry.
A mischevious lad of Matherton
threw a stone and struck a COM
panion in the alley last Tuesday.
John Doe climbed on the roof of
his house last week looking for a
leak and fell, striking himself on
the back porch.
While Harold Green was escort
ing Miss Violet Wise home from
church Saturday night a savage
dog attacked them and bit Mr..
Green on the public square.
The Jasper news., 1920-09-16
Aren't People ouesr1

Exchange-"Mr. John Roberts has
gone south following his recent III
ness" Foolish TO follow Il; he should
be glad to get rid Of 1t.
The Jasper news., 1920-09-16

Reduced to Minimum.
English paper: II found Mr.. Cart
wright considerably aged. His one
black hnlr is very gray"
The Jasper news., 1920-09-16
THE JASPER NEWS.

ARTHUR +. DRAKE. Publisher.
JASPER, MISSOURI.
Entered ut the Postofiice ~ Jasper,
Mo, Is second class matter, Septem-
Rer n, 1898.
The Jasper news., 1920-09-16
CANCELLED ORDERS

from many different customers, and if for
some reason or other any part of such an
order is cancelled before delivery is made, then
these shoes are left in the hands of the maker
to be disposed of at a reduced price. We are
placing great many Of such shoes as these
price.
America. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1905-current, 1920-01-24

Tn an a trecut 81 aceasta pro-
blema M a putut ii rezolvat;l
81 ccle doua puteri care an IL
trat in posesiunea malurilor A.
driaticc Sc afla la. cutie. Italia
sc pare cd ocupa punctul zee!
mai bun strategic, pentru ca pre-
mierii, al Frantei 81 Angler au
instiintat guvernul jllgoslav ca
in patru zile trebue sa primeasca
Dlanul inaintat de Italia ori De
,ynde nu. pactul de la Londra va
| fl pus in vigoare.
Toate tind Sc arate ca pima
Simbata seara guvernul de Ia
Belgrad Sc va supune.
America. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1905-current, 1920-01-24

vo! Frumos! Bine lie sade. Doam
ne! Clnd Ae vel scapa neamul de
lichele 81 secaturig Mai trimite
Influenza sa dea lama prin eli,
nu numai prin oNneni de ispra-
va. 81 mai sunt 81 alte boli: Ciu-
ma, hofera, varsatul negru, lsau
daea svrci sal mai til Pc ps-
mint, inseahna-i, ca lumea sa1
America. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1905-current, 1920-01-24
cunoasca 81 sa Sc fereasca de Il
ca de eel citSmati.


ca de eel citbmati.
Telegramele spun ca Roma a.
ste in culmea mirarii ca .Jugo-
Slavii nu Sc supun compromisu-
lui in afacercas Fiumc. HIM. Cite
nu ar putea deduce, ttlmaci 81
|restalmaci din aceasta afacere 81
din cele in legatura Gu ca? Sa
1ncercam, dar numai asa De
scurt:
Consiliul Suprem hotareste ca
Fiume 81 Torontalul sd fic Ju-
oo-Slavilor. Italia nu sc supune
81 professional Gu prlvire la Flu
me. Balamuc. Demisiuni de dele
gati, guvern. camera etc. ID A.
Tnunzio - vorba sd fie - ocup;j
Fiume. dar, Italia, nu Sc indig-
ncaa 81 iScaleste ultimatnl trl-
mis- Rominici. 81 face sd isca-
leasca, Silita de iyAprejurari Vi
trege tratatul prin care trebne
sd renunte la Torontal, hotar!-
re luata de Consiliul Suprem.
Cind Jugo-Slavii Sc tin de cele
hotarite de Consiliul Suprem cu
privire la Torontal. ltIia Sc ia
ce CD nu vede .dar end Sc TIN
de cele hotarite de acelaSi conSi-
liu Gu privire la Fiume. Sc indlg-
neaza 81 in culmea miraril. I'M
del logica? Natural Cd la Jugo-
Slavi. daca vorba ca sa Sc res
pccte adliteram ce a hotarlt
Consiliul Suprem. 81 daca nu,
Vivat. Hura de trei orr. Sa sc
respecte. asa cum zice Italia, ira
tatele inchciatc inainte de raZ-
boiu. dar. 81 dar 81 lar dar. toa-
te. da. toate tratatele. caci ait
fel nu-i bine, 81 dupa scum ne
dam moi seama. delegatii Anne
ricani. char de acea au plecGt
81 America zice: Facet Vol cum
va pricepcti 81 credeti ca e mai
bine.
Haga Sc opune la eXtradarea
Kaistrului. Ma rog. e un oa>pe
ales. Gu sllita mare, cu avere,
81 de. nu-l poate da asa Gu una
Gu doua afara din tara. Sc fie IN
terchca- -berchea. GU pantaloni clr
pitt 81 Gu punga goala. atuncl
da. alta soceteala. ca az II o
sarcina asupra statului. = Oar.
deocamdata numai att. sd We
! dem cum Sc va deScurca 81 IN
,curcatura asia.
America. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1905-current, 1920-01-24
DIN fuA e)NDfKRlk.

Afiam din isvoare demne lie
toata inerederea ca scotia Fl.
nanciasa" a Maritulli Comitet
Nasi M Romin lin Siberia d fa
cut oare carl matrapazlicnri sars
s'au i ,r::si. I ,,c~;minalc 9 Bra
America. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1905-current, 1920-01-24
INFORNATIUN|

Kaiserul ma vrut sa sc sinuci-
da. - Berlin. Fostul minis
.tru al finantelor George Gothein,
care sa retras din cabinetul ger
man, mai bine de cit Sc semneze
pacea. dat la lumina faptul
ca prin 1918, cind cauza Germa-
niei fost perduta. pan-germanii
81 elementele conservative all in
sistat ca Kaiserul Sc mearga in
fata trupelor sa Sc sinucida. Prin
acest sacrificiu, ei credeau ca Sc
tina la putere familia Hohenzol-
lernilor.
Ell spus: ,,Eu cred ca extra
darea 81 iudecarea lui Kaiser es-
tie lovitura data republicanis-
mului german. Fostul imparat e.
personal, neplacut pan-germani-
lor care il nlmesc Wilhelm eel
Timid" peptru ca nu a fost dcs-
tul de cnrogios ca sa le faca gu
stul pc timpul razboiului. Vechii
conservative nu Sc lmpacau cll
vorbirile lui pompoase. 81 fluctu-
area politicei lui. La fel eli desa-
prObau relatiile inferno dintre
Keiser 81 magnatii Industrial E.
vrei, artistilor 81 oamenilor de
stiinta, mosaici.
..Acestia doreau ca Kaisernl
sa-si sacrifice viata, ca acestia
sa poata face din el un martir."
A impuscat pc fatal ei. = An
napolis, Md. D-soara Ruth
Jefferson a facut lumina in mi
sterul care incunjura impuscarea
tatalui eli, Charles jefferson. un
lucrator la academia navala..
cind a marturisit ca ca a impus-
cat pc fatal ii ca Sc scape pc
mama-sa, pc care acesta ama-
nintat-o ca omoara. Jefferson
Sc afla in spitalul din acest oras.
in conditii foarte grave.
New Jersey va lupta contra
prohtatlei. Jersey City, N. J.
- Incercari de declara ca pro
hibitia federala este invazie a
drepturilor statelor, vor Fl inca-
pute imediat in tribunalul SUI
prem al Statelor Unite. Aceasta
-s'aA fScut cunoscut dupa convor-
birea 'dintrc guvernorul Ed
wards si avocatul statulni dom
nul McCran.
Acest caz va Fl copsolidat cu
Gel al statului Rhode Island. asa
America. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1905-current, 1920-01-24

ca ambele cazuri sd fie argU-
mentate in acelasi timp.
Sc va deschide banca coopera
tiva a muncitorilor. - Cleve.
land. - Warren S. Stone. Seful
organizatiei inginerilor a pref,
ca in anul 1920 Clevelandul Va Il.
yea 0 no&l banca: Banca Coo
perativa a Muneitorilor.
Domnul Stone a spus ca nun.
citorii au la 40,OO0,OOO dolari in
Bancile din Cleveland, care al
putea lucra tot asa de bine s.
pentru muncitori, in 0 ibanca or
ganizata 81 controlata de munci-
tori.
Domnul Stone este easier IA
organizatia ,.All-American Far
mer-Labor Cooperative Commi
ssion', care sa infiintat acun
de curind in Washington.
America. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1905-current, 1920-01-24
Sl-a omorit nevasta.

S1-a omorit nevasta. - Cadiz.
- Edward johnson. din judetul
Harrison. acuzat Cd STA ucis me-
vhSta. fost aflat vinovat de o.
mucidere de catra jurati. Jurii
All dellberat acest caz II ore.
Doamna Johson "a fost omorita
| in luna Maiu 1918. Crima fost
descoperita la s Nocmbrie 1919
END niste copii au aflat schele-
f: :tul in apropiere de casa lui John
son.
Lucratorii de la calea feratS
Ger marirea salarului. Wa
Shington. = Lucr;ltorii de la cai-
le ferate au intrebat cerind s;i
li-Se raspunda pima Matt daca
salarul Tor va fl crescutvconform
cerlntelor Inalntate.
William G.. Lee. presedintele
organizatiei acestor muncitori, IA
cerut sd alba 0 intinire Gu direc-
1 torul Hines pc Marti dimineata,
in acelas timp convocat comite
tut executiv ca sd Sc intruneascil
| in Washington in aceiasi ri. rs
Fura ca sa fie trimisa in tenn
nita. = New York. = Ora Ka-
te Thomas. care fost arestata
find prinsa asupra furtului spn
ne cd ca a luat lucruri dmtr' %
Ipravalie in valoare de sapte do
lari numai ca sd alba oportuni-
tatea de fl trimisa la temnita
ca sa poata studia conditiile din
inchisoarea femeilor.
,,Eu am fost lucratoare pen
tru binele p6blic toata viata
mea." spus d-soara Thomas,
Am auzit multi despre felul
cum sunt tartate femeile i'm tenn
nita orasului, deci am volt ca Sc
vad Gu ochii." A fost achitata.A
Suprimarea ziarelor radicale.
= Berlin. = Pc linga arestarea
comunistilor 81 a socialistilor, in
dependent. guvernul inceput
Sc suprime toafe ziarele fadicale
din tara. Circisprezece ziare an
fost deja puse sub jurisdictiunea
tribunalelor pc timp nedefinit.
Rascoale de rosii in Bulgaria.
= Viena. Communicable TELEGRAPH
ca directa f0st stabilita mtre
bolsevistii bulgari 81 cei din Ru-
! sia. il mai multe comuntati din
Bulgaria bolsevistii sau decla-
rat indepedenti de guvernul ac
tual.
Rascoalele. sunt un ceva care
Sc petrece zilnic. dupa cum spu-
ne depesa primita din Sofia, 81
mare teama ca fanilia regala
!, 81 regele Boris vor Fl atacati. S'a
cerut generalului Franchet d 'Es
percy ca sa-si tina trupele gata
ca Sc suprimeze disordinele din
Bulgaria.
Riga va fl lar atacata. - Ri
Ga. Armata Letilor continue
Sc inainteze 81 .avant-garda ia
sapte mile departares de capita!a
provinciei Letgalen, unde Sc p
fla jonctiune importanta lie
cai ferate care due la Petroerad
81 Dvinsk 81 la Omoskov 81 Riga.
Aceasta Sc afla pc la jumatatea
aripa de pc frontul activ.
Caz de lepra in Boston. - Bo-
ston. - I'm caz de lepra fost
dcscoperit in Boston, ieri. Dupa
dopa zile de examinare, doctorii
s'au pronuntat cd Frank Lena,
nn 1ucrator la fabrica de cioco-
lata, sufera de aceia hpala groaz
Mica. FL fost sub obserNarea
doctorilor de prin August, lplin-
gindu-se ca sufera de boala de
|niele. Ell va Fl TRIMS la colonia
leprosilor pc insula Penikege.
Chestia Adria&icei devine tot
mai serioas4. - Paris. Gu de-
sbapdarea finala consiliului
suprem 81 Gu plecarea premierl-
lor spre capifa1ele respective,
chestia adriaticei ramas in
tr'o situate foarte primejdioa
81 delicata.
America. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1905-current, 1920-01-24
Suprimarea ziarelor radicale.

= Berlin. = Pc linga arestarea
comunistilor 81 a socialistilor, in
dependent. guvernul a inceput
Sc suprime toafe ziarele fadicale
din tara. Cincisprezece ziare an
fost deja puse sub jurisdictiunea
tribunalelor pc timp nedefinit.
America. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1905-current, 1920-01-24

ca ambele cazuri sd fie argu-
mentate in acela5i timp.
The Evening Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1917-1920, 1920-06-17
SOCIETY NOTES

Mrs. w. R. Lowry. of COS South
Fifth street, was the dinner guest Of
Miss Mildred Orr at Read Hall last
night. Mrs. Lowry is here with her
husband. who is attending the Univer-
sity. They formerly lived at Braymer
Mo-. where Mr.. Lowry is superintend-
ent Of schools.
Mrs, 8. C. Robinson, chaperon at the
Kappa Alpha house, was the dinner
guest of Miss Vera Goessling at Read
Hall last night.
Columbia Shriners and their fami-
lies will hold picnic at 6 o'clock this
evening at DR.. w. R. Shaefer's farm
ON the Fulton gravel road. There are
about thirty Shriners in Columbia and
several living near here.
4 4 4
Mrs. w. HI Willis, 1914 Broadway
will entertain the members of the
Presbyterian Women's Auxiliary at
$3.50 o'clock tomorrow afternoon.
Mrs. Halle Winsborough of st. Louis,
secretary Of all women Of the south
ern Presbyterian church, will lead
the program for the afternoon. Her
theme will be Auxiliary Work of
the Women of the Presbyterian
Church" Mrs. Samuel Braden will
lead the devotional. Refreshments
will be served during the social hour
after the program.
Miss Dorothy Mumford and Miss
Frances Ross will leave Saturday for
where they will spend several
days before going to Camp Kechuwa,
on Lake Michigan to spend the sum-
mer.
Mrs. s. C. Hunt and daughters,
Misses Frances and Virginia, will |,
leave next Monday for California,
where Mrs. Hunt will be a delegate
TO the San Francisco Convention.
4 n
Theta Sigma Phi, honorary jour-
nalism sorority, gave luncheon at
Harris today. Miss Mildred Koegh
will be initiated into the sorority to-
night.
Bride and groom tally cards were
used yesterday morning when Mrs.
Henry Price entertained with an an
party for her daughter. II
Miss Emily, whose marriage to Airing
on Galway Thomson Of wildwood,
will take place June 30.
The wedding will be at S02 Virginia
The Evening Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1917-1920, 1920-06-17

,07 Virginia avenue, will leave Satur-
iay for a trip to Canada. They will
pend eight weeks on the st. Lawrence
River.
Miss Helen Johnson will spend the
weekend at her home in Chillicothe.
Mrs. Fannie Hemphill will leave
uly 1 for Los Angeles, Cal. where she
will spend the summer.
Mrs. Louise Truckenmiller will
cave Friday for Springfield, Mo.
Mrs. Charley Branch Of Springfield.
H., is visiting her brother, DR.. C. w.
0igges.
Mrs. Robert Rogers is visiting Mr..
md Mrs. R. E. Christian and daugh-
ers at Fulton.
Among the University students to
cave at the end Of the spring term,
s Martin Walt, junior in the College
If Arts and Science, who will leave
friday afternoon for Ann Arbor, Mich,
where he will enter the University of
Michigan. Before coming to the Uni
yersity of Missouri he attended Trim
ty College, Durham, N. C.
Miss Estelle Hickok, secretary to
President A. Ross Hill, leaves tomor-
'ow for New York City where she will
spend a two weeks vacation.
l.. B. Wilkes, former instructor In
manual arts in the University, visited
Columbia yesterday. He is spending
he summer vacation with his father
N a farm near Columbia.
C. H. Williams of the Extension Di- |
'ision of the University left yesterday
or ST Louis.
The Evening Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1917-1920, 1920-06-17
There is not much glory in being an
also ran"
FOR PUBLIC HEALTH

The meeting of the state board o
health officers marks a new epocl
in the care of public health in Nilsson
ri. An organization has been formet
throughout the state with a represen
tative in each county. Its purpose Il
to promote public health. The Law
creating the board was passed by tht
Legislature last year. The meeting
in Columbia is the first meeing of the
organization.
Investigations show that the state
has done more and spent more money
along the line of combating hog chol-
era and the general diseases among
farm live stock than il has done for
the care of the health of the children
and people at large throughout the
state. Missouri ranks forty-second in
appropriations by its Legislature for
the purpose of the betterment of pub
lie health. The amount appropriated
for this service is $4,000 year.
No one will deny that an "ounce of
prevention is worth pound of cure"
Money spent on the maintenance of
publ chealth would come back to the
people of the state in general way
many times over Only vaguely can
any one estimate the disaster that may
come to a community through the
spread of an epidemic Most epidem
les could be stopped at the start or
prevented entirely if someone had it
as ms particular duty to ward them
off.
One of the greatest works which the
public health board can carry on Is
that of looking after the health Of the
children. Tests may be made through
the schools of the country and the de-
fective children may have their defects
corrected while yet young.
The physician is the one in the
community who can do more than any
one else to get appropriations for the
work. He is almost always man
looked up to by the community in
which he lives and is listened to by |
the men in authority. 1t is the ply
sicfan's duty to do all that he can to
bring pressure to bear on his repre-
sentative in the Legislature which will |
cause the latter to be in favor of max
ing appropriations for the public
health, and it is the duty of every citi-
zen in the country to support the
physician in what he asks.
The Evening Missourian. [volume] (Columbia, Mo.) 1917-1920, 1920-06-17

possible to make bonus to the work
ers for quantity production, or q re
duction in the selling price Of tht
manufactured article to the consumer
or both.
II out of the 81 selling price fol
each article, the employer received
25 cents profit, as the output increas
ed from 1000 items to 1,500 items, his
aggregate profits would increase IL
proportion.
The advantage to the health, educa
ton and general welfare of the work
ers need hardly be mentioned.