davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
SAKE MEMORIAL UNWILLING.
Will Be Held at SAKE Homestead in
Highgate June 2.

Highgate, May rs. Announcement
is made that the un,ciling and dedi-
ca ion Of the John g. SAKE monument
will take place al the SAKE homestead
here at l:3O o'clock. standard time,
Wednesday afternoon, june ,, the
birthday anniversary OF the poet SAKE.
Il is expected that Percival w. Glenn
ent. governor of the STATE Of Vermont.
Lieut.. Gov Mason 5. Stone and Speak
er Charles :. Dana viii be present ard
assist in the exercises. al which time
John 6. SAKE. a prominent lawyer Of
the bar II New York City and a grand.
son Of the poet, viii deliver an address
on the SAKE family.
Invitations have been sent "a all
members 81 the Senate and House Of
Representatives Gf the session Of 1919,
with all officers of each body, IN the
hopc that = reunion Of the legislature
that passed the enabling soi for he
erection of the monument may be held
at that time
Arrangements have been made f,r
special trains "a accommodate people
from various sections Of the sta-e. g..
e.. Austin. ID. ". Steele and d !.
Chsmherlin comprise the state commis-
sion which has charge of The arrange
ments.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
ZIMMERMAN WOMAN
TELLS OF SHOOTING
Finished Her Story on Stand in Trial
on the Charge Of Numbering
Her Cousin.

Springfield. Mass. May Is. = Miss
Jennie Zimmerman, on trial in superior
court for the murder Of her cousin, Dr.
Henry Zimmerman, last August, ended
her long direct testimony this noon
with an account of the shooting. Speak
ing in a voice scarcely above 4 whisper,
she told Of threats DR.. Zimmerman had
r1ade TO kill her il she told his mother
or sister Of his relations with her.
She reached the climax when she
told Of the brief conversation with him
in Ferry street, when she said he had
reached for his pocket after she had
told him she would tell Evelyn and
Sadie Feldman. his companions. what
sort Of a man he was, and told her:
Don't you- dare tell them, or | will
blow your brains out"
II had feeling that ! wanted TO
protect myself she said sobbingly. a.
She felt herself 10 he in mortal danger,
ard on the heels Of this feeling Of fear
came the repeated threat of the doctor
10 kill her unless she kept silent.
.The next thing knew ! was IN the
police station" she said.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
BOY is RECOVERING.
Was Run Down by an Automobile in
Winooski Street.

Winooski. May IS Andrew Civin
the seven-year-old son Of Mr.. and Mrs
Thomas Civin of West Center street
was the victim of an automobile acci.
dent Sunday evening abont 6:3o
O'Clock The boy, with about four com
psnions. were playing in front of the
Simard block at the corner of Main and
Canal street They had been playing
some wild West games and were shoot
ing with paper caps and toy pistols
at the cars and automobiles as they
passed.
As ear owned and driven BY r. F.
Como OF Burlington was coming down
the street, the boy, with the intention
of holding up the car with his toy
pistol. went to the edge of the curbing,
and in doing so he was in some manner
pushed into the street and under the
wheels OF the car before il could be
stopped. Tho car was coming down at
low speed and, from all reports of the
various witnesses. the driver was in no
way responsible for the accident. RS he
stopped his car as soon a. possible, but
not quickly enough to avoid running
over the boy. The forward wheels of
tho car knocked the boy over and the
rear wheels pinned him to the ground.
When he was taken from underneath
the ear it was thought he was seriously
injured. as he lay motionless for some
time afterwards He was removed 10
the Office Of DR. Hill on East Allen
street and after thorough eXsmina
tion il was found that no bones were
broken and he was later taken 10 his
home Yesterday he WAS reported a.
resting comfortably and " was said
that no serious results will follow.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
SICK MEN FALL INTO
CHILDISH ST4TE
Some Men When Sick Retire into a
SPECIFICS and Mournful
Rage

"The devil WAS sick. the devil saint
would be, should be applied to q Wom.
an devil only, Tor no man when he Is IN
is saintlike in any way
Men. when they fall ~. fail into a
sort Of childish state that i most un-
reasonable aud trying for the well
members Of the family. Illness affects
them differently. but IL always takes
some greuchy form.
One man will retire into speechless
rage. wrap himself up IN al the ted
ding and refuse 10 speak or answer
questions for hours az a time His 81
lence = only accented by deep and
mournful gruaus
Another man will demand more = nv
ice in - minute than he best hoicl
could furnish in = fortnight he uiH
want water. aud icc and broth. and 4
bot water Bottle and more covers. and
. clean pillow Slip and interesting Ia
ersturc- an in breath.
man who uaus rs uife a. Dis
.-arti5u wiu turn into ? honey ~r
Ga1ahad the minute a ira ned nurse ap-
9ears 20 relieve her.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
BRY4N'.S BROTHER
TREATENS TO REVOLT
If Nebraska State Convention Seats
Any Other Delegation from Ian
caster County Than the
Men Elected May IL.

Omaha, Neb., May ls.--William Jen-
nings Bryan was absent from the Dem
ocratic state convention to-day, and
his brother, Charles W., served notice
that unless the delegation from Ian
caster county. chosen May u at Lin
coin, was seated he would leave the
convention Another delegation was
chosen yesterday by the regular dol
egstes at what was termed a post
poned county convention.
Party leaders said that Indications
pointed toward control by the regular
Democratic organization and endorse
ment of President Wilson's admins
tra6ion and Senator Hitchcock's efforts
for the peace treaty and the league Of
nations.
Charles w Bryan said any endorse
ment Of Senator Hitchcock would be
an affront to the Democratic voters
who cast their ballots in the recent PM
mary.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
James J. Bosdan, Charged
With Stealing Papers
from Govt. Files
BOSTON MAN ALLEGES
PAPERS GIVEN TO HIM
Bosdan Was Held for the
Federal Grand Jury
on $4,000 Bail

Boston. May lS-7James j. Bosdan
editor OF the international News bu
reau. Inc, was held for the fedora
grand jury today on charges of'larceny
of papers from the files of the de
partment OF justice. He furnished So,
600 bonds.
Bordan was arrested week ago dur
ing a raid on his home at Newton, in
which certain papers were seized. In a
statement which he issued after the
court proceedings to-day, he said; The
so-called government records seized at
my home have been in my possession
since November, 1919, with the knowl-
edge and approval of George f. kelle.
her, superintendent of the bureau OF
invest igation of the department Of JUS
tice."
Bosdan said these records all related
to the case al DIR. William X. Dead.
who was killed at his farm at East
Jaffrey, n H.. in August, 1918. after
reporting 10 the department Of justice
certain lights and activities which he
ascribed with German espionage oper-
ations. The data was given irim by an
agent of Superintendent kelleher. Bos
dan said. Finding it unavailable for
use, Bo>dsn's statement said, II wrote
several letters TO Superintendent Kel-
leher and also TO his agent. who gave
me this data, telling them that if they
did not come and get it | would burn
it."
subsequently Superintendent keI-
leher issued a statement saying "an alb
solute denial is made Of any knowl-
edge and approval on my part that
any government records had been in
the possession of Bosdan prior to the
present investiga tion. An absolute de-
nial is made that any letters were re-
ceived by me personally or by any 9TH
er representative of the bureau of in
vestigation containing any offer for
return of the papers
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
MONTPELIER
Ira Gross of Montpelier and Gertrude
Ladue of st. Albans Married.

Ira Gross of Montpelier and Miss
Gertrude Ladue. daughter Of Mr. and
Mrs. Frank Ladue of ~, Albans. were
married at O'Clock yesterday after
noon al st. Mary's rectory. St Albans
Rev. T. J Boyle officiating Miss lIor
tense I.adue was maid of honor and
Walter Wry WAS best man The bride
was gowned in white net and carried a
bridal bouquet of white roses. while
the maid of honor wore pink French
wolfe and carried carnations. A recep-
tion followed the wedding at the home
Of the bride. Mrs. Joseph s. Hoyt Of
Detroit. Mich. served, assisted by Miss
Leila Gross of Richford, Miss Mabel
Kennedy and Miss Marion Brooks Of
st Albans. The bride is a graduate Of
the ST. Albans high school and has
been employed in the Perron Boivin
store in St Adams. The groom is
graduate from Montpelier high school
and has been very prominent in athlet
les and in the American Legion basket
ball team last winter. He Is employed
by the National Life Insurance com
pany Mr. and Mrs Gross will live
in Montpelier.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
DEADLOCK ONUS. ARMY
REORGANZZAT7ON BILL
REACHED IN CONGRESS
EXPECT COOPERATION
FROM UNITED STATES
In Order to Assure the Success of the
Scheme of Liquidation of War
Debts And Reparations.

Paris. MAY lS-Cooperation by the
United States is largely counted upon
in allied circles, particularly by the
French, for success of the scheme of
liquidation of war debts and repara
tions, the principles of which were laid
down by Premiers Lloyd George and
Millerand at the recent conference in
Hythe
The viewpoint of French official cir
cles is that the German bond issue on
which the whole plan rests must large
ly be accepted by the United States in
payment of French debts or the sys-
tenn will fail Great Britain's accept
ance of these bonds in payment of the
debts OF France also depends upon their
acceptance by the United States.
The principles of the plan as sketehed
by the French and British premiers will
be referred to Washington as well as
to the allies for approval and it is
probable that each government con
suited will be asked to suggest any i'm
provements on the plan in order to
make il acceptable all around.
1t was said to-day in official circles.
that there was plenty of room left for
suggestions, since the Hythe confer
ence left all the details to be worked
out by experts. Even the total amount
of reparations will be open to modifica
tion, l20,000,000,00 marks being the
maximum.
The French appear TO accept freely
the idea OF linking the question of Ger
economic revival with the ques-
tion of reparation payments, so long as
such a course does not interfere with
the working of plan for the settle
ment of the inter allied debts in way
that will make possible American CO
operation. 1t is held that the bond is
sue proposed at Hythc is the only prac-
ticabe way yet offered and the success
Of the plan is considered certain if ii
is approved by Washington.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
ISEN. PENROSE
| BACK OF SIMS
Daniels Says the Pennsyl-
vania Senator Originat-
ed the Charges
AND WAS IMPOSED ON
I'm RECKLESS MANNER
Sims Used Almost the Iden-
tical Words That Penrose
Used a Year Later

Washington, d. c., May lS.--Sena-
Tor Penrose and not Rear Admiral
Sims originated the basic charges
against the navy department contained
in the admiral's letter of Jan. 7, Sec
retary Daniels asserted to-day before
the Senate committee invest igating the
navy's conduct of the war. He re-
called that the senator in a speech in
the Senate Aug "a, 1918. declared that
procrastination on the part OF the see
retary delayed the termination of the
war at least three months and cost
$4,000, 100000 and many lives.
The words used by Senator Penrose
were almost identical with those used
by Admiral Sims more than year
later the secretary said.
Either Admiral Sims is a pagiarist
and appropriated his views and charges
from Senator Penrose or by the new
science of mental telepathy the views
of the senator were communicated 10
Admiral Sims" declared Mr.. Daniels
"Penrose comes from Pennsylvania ard
Sims was appointed to the naval acad.
envy from that state. Did they col
laborate or exchange mental tele-
grams 3"
The committee might have saved
A h..fta Al ,f s,f a,.I
dreds of thousands of words" by inyes-
tigating Penrose's charges. the witness
said.
senator penrosc was Imposed upon
by some informant almos as reckless
in his figures AZ Admiral SIMS was IN
his accusations" Mr. Daniels contin.
ued. 1T is also worthy of note, he
said. that at the very time Penrose
was making this speech, Sims was
writing to Captain Pratt threatening
an investigation of the conduct Of the
war"
Mr. Daniel. said he would not en-
swer the Penrose charges at length.
even though he had just learned OF
them. because his answer 70 Admiral
Sims covered the matter fully. He de-
voted the rest of the day TO resume
of the navy departments war con
struction activities comprising approx
imately one thousand vessels. nearly
three times as many as there were in
the entire navy when the war started
He paid high tribute to Rear Admiral
David w. Taylor. Chief constructor,
who. he said, had no superior in the
world
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
BOLSHETTKI CLAIM
VICTORIES OVER POLES
Report That the Poles Were Forced
Back Over the Beresina River
at One Point.

London. Nav H. Successes against
the Poles are reported by the Russian
soviet government in an official mes
sage from Moscow dated yesterday.
The Poles we're forced back over the
Beresina At one point. il Is claimed.
The statement says
In the Kirv region. on the left bank
Of the Dnieper. fighting j. proceed
ing "a miles northeast and sOui heas.
% kiev
In the Shiobin and Monr directions
our troops having started q counter
advance IN the vicinity u The railway.
iuug back the enemy 20 the right hank
of the Beresins-
In the region oi Cherkassy our sd-
xauciug trlops cauiurcd a number q
village en- The right hank OF tho Dnie
per. from - 10 = miles northuest e
Cherkassy.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
HAD SHORT TROUT.
Lincoln Man Paid $500 Fine And Costs
Of siss.

Middlcburv. Nav ls-The first shor;
trout case II the season vas heard YES
terday when George y. Arnold q LIN
coin was before the Municipal Judge A.
w Dickens IN = charge Of having IN his
possession short trout when he was ar
rested in Lincoln Sunday hy County
came and Fish Commissioner George
" ChsfTes Of Middiebury. assisted hv
Deputies A D. Austen Of Weybridge
and Charles Chapman of East Middle
bury There were several Others fishing
with Arnold. but their trout al seemed
ic ~ a the prescribed length Arsold
had 50 trout iu his haskef ard of these
- uere less than the legal ieuEfh for
ratclinE and sore 81 then were mere
6nrerifnrs
Tie respondent PLEADED cuilty 10 TIE
bold az 81 fhese trout in h-s possession
and aas fned $50 and costs of sl5.ss.
hh Be- paid aad uhith mad the -
trout q pragfr 1ructh wh5eh - had a
80 ,zsAfi cost lin over SIC apicer-
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
Chairman WadswOrth Of
Senate Managers S a d
They Offered to Strike
Out the Provisions for
the Voluntary Military
Training of Youths Be-
tween Is and II Years
of Age.

Washington, d. c., May ls.--A dead
lock on the army reorganization bill
was reached to-day by the Senate and
House confcrees. Senate provisions TO
reorganize the force caused the breach,
and the question will be btought before
The House for a vote.
The disagreement, Chairman Wads-
worth of the Senate managers said,
came despite an offer from the Senate
side to strike out the Senate provi-
sions for voluntary military training
of youths between Is and p years
of age.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
RECORD FLIGHT TO VERMONT.
Airplsnes Went From Boston to Bur
lington in One Scur, 20 Minutes.

Burlington. Nav lS-Two airplsHe-
arrived At Fort Ethan Allen yesterday
afternoon in record breaking time from
Boston. One plano was piloted by Col.
Greuuan. chief - the air service of the
New England division. and the other by
Colonel T.. G. Branf Of New York City.
Both planes left Boston a. $3.50 yes
terdav Afternoon. Colonel Grenuan,
who arrived five minutes ahead of Col
onel Braut. made The trip in one hour
and a. minutes. which Is believed 10 he
a record for this fight His average
sneed was lI0 miles an hour.
Colonel Brant made q detOur on tbe
way te ~ oter the town Of Crotch.
where he is acquainted. The nsch.nes
used e-ere DcFsvi. and planes equip
ped w5th Liberty motors The tEIp is
ane 81 several which The offccrs are
making .n Nfw EnEiand fsr the pur
F.ase 81 prsmosin- airFlanr isu.rg
felds far fhs eamirr seasen. BurI5re-
ton has heen eausi5trei 81 gery i'm
roftart la.stien far lsndinc ff'8 and
tarian- lo+atian- hrrr viii b. lspe "a
tllre TIE ofiegrs r.sr
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
WANTS SEVERE PENALTY.
For Attempts to Cripple the Nations
Industriss-Stephen c. Mason Speaker.

New York. May ls-AioPtion Of
federal legislation severely penslizing
sttempis to cripple the nations iudus-
rries was urged to-day BY President
stephen {. Mason u the National A.
sociation q Manufacturer at the sil-
ser Jubilee convention of the organiEa-
ton.
-0n three different occasions within
fhr past wear BE- aid, the country
a. been treated to the spectacle % a
eampa paratiFe minority. wEh body su-
vounced self-h ard nm American in-
sarests. disrerariing entirely The para
snounf pubiir interest. attempting 70
throttle the prosperity of the country
4 i the vital issues En- theae cansDs-
races acsinsf the puhiie welfare that
~ fundamental and demand ne our
serio1s anS immsdiate attention.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
CENSUS RETURNS
Several Neu England Cities and Tos. rs
Show Gains.

Washington y. G.. Nav Is Census
returns Tor 1890 announced todsv in-
cluded
Noruich. Town Conn 2o.6ss. IN
creas - 466. az - per cert.
Nurwifh. fC5tv tanu- 2ZSNA ri
erease a37. 81 a5 pr eeus.
Framinrharn. Ma lG.5s5. increase
, SO - sH.6 per cent
FEphHfn Mass l6.fe5. increase CT
l2ss - - r n
Nsuburvpori. Ma-- lse0a. increase
6f.0. ~ ~ per eeut
Seranton. p lg75 iurc1-e q
1.alG. q 81 pr cent
Galsua ui- l.sss. d-e-sa-s es. - -
rer cfnt.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
MONTPELIER JUMPERS ACCEPT.
Voted Unanimously Last Night for the
New Quarrymen's Schedule.

Following the action Of the Bsrro
Jumpers, boxers and derriekmen last
saturday in accepting the new schedule
Of quarrymen's wages agreed on At rho
conference in Montpelier last week, the
Montpelier branch. No p, voted unan-
imously last night to accept the sclsd-
ulc, the voting being 20 10 Q.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
FUNERAL OF G. MCLEAN
Was Held This Afternoon, With Inter-
ment at Hope Cemetery.

Funeral services for George Mclean,
who died Saturday night at Hayden
vile, Mass, were held this afternoon
in the undertaking rooms OF Perry &
Noonan. Rev. VIM. Men. Kittredge,
pastor of the Presbyterian church, Off
ciated The pail bearers selected from
the various organizations to which the
deceased belonged were John and Tim
othy DOYLE of Montpelier. brothers in
law; Henry Alexander from the 6. G..
!. A.. James Freeland from the Glen
ugie club, w r. Walker from the BAR
tenders union, W. A. Daniels from the
Red Men.
The remains were buried in Hopo
cemetery.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
CORNELL GRANDSrAND BURNED.
Loss on he Baseball Field Last Night
Was $4,000.

Ithaca, y. y, Nav lS-The main
grandstand and several adjacent bleach.
ers IN Percy field. Corneli'. baseball
seld. we're DESTROYED by fire last night.
causing q los 81 $1,000 Four FIRE
men were injured Temporary bleach
ers were in the course Of eonstrac-ion
to -dav
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
KILLED WHILE FLEEING.
Son Of General Won Buelow Of Gsr-
many was Prisoner IN Germany.

Vienna Nav IA son 81 General
Won Buelov ~ the Germany army has
brn killed while trying to escape iroH
Eumauis- where he Wa e prt-oner -
var. according 90 Budapest dispsteh.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18

Frank u. Cote and Cora Gonyo mere
married by Rev. c. u. Piper. pastor
of the Baptist church. at his home
Saturday evening. and they immediate
" took a train for Springfield, Mass
The bride was dressed in a blue suit
She has been employed at the Pavilion
hotel
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1920-05-18
WAGE INCREASE NAY 81.
AnoskesE Manufacturing Co o. Man
chester, y. r., Announces

Manchester y H. May ls-Tts
AnlnsizrsE Mauufactu company.
employing ahaut lGts9 mil, hands. tt-
tav anuonnee8 q usge increase ctlcl-
;.sc Nay % of l5 per sent
Oxford eagle. (Oxford, Lafayette Co., Miss.) 1876-current, 1920-06-24
Catsrrha. Deafness IaGact t.e Curea

by local applications, sc they cannot reacs
the diseased portion OF the ear. thore is
only one way to cure catarrhal aeai res ),
and that is by q constitutional remedy.
Catarrhal Deaf:lsss is caused by CT iu-
famed condition OF The MUCOUS lining ~
the Eus.achIas. Tuas. sgs.er tAis tube IL
ianamed you hive a runhitag sound Of iri-
perfect hearing. and when il ID entirely
eiosed, Deafness Is tho result. Unless the
inflammation cen be reduced and this tube
restored To 80 IL. su1al condition. hearing
will be dcptroyel forever Many cases OF
deafness are caused by catarrh. which is
an inflaHed condition OF the mueoEg aur-
faces Halrs Cetarrll Medicine acts thru
the blood on the mucous surfaces OF the
system
We will give Ono Hundred Dollars for
any case OF Catarrhal Deafness that cannot
be cured by Halls Catarrh Medicine. Cir
cuIars free. All DruggiSts. 75c.
j.. J. CHENEY & CO.. Toledo. O.
Oxford eagle. (Oxford, Lafayette Co., Miss.) 1876-current, 1920-06-24
Monarchs Tire Of switzerland.

Former Emperor Charles of Austria
and Empress Zita are tired of remain
ing in Switzerland, according to tel
egram from Prague, and have applied
to the Czecho-Slovak government for
permission to reside in Prague. the
request was refused for political rea-
sons.
One reason given for the request is
that owing to the low rate of exchange
in Switzerland the former royal cou-
ple are receiving only one-tenth OF
their income from Vienna. Empress
Zita is reported to have been forced
to sell more Of her jewels.
An American newspaper is under
stood to have offered the former en-
peror $4,000 for his "reminiscences,
but although financially embarrassed,
he refused.
Oxford eagle. (Oxford, Lafayette Co., Miss.) 1876-current, 1920-06-24
Child Victims Of the War.

/ In Jugo-Slavia there are 100000 IA
therless children of whom 10000 are
absolutely destitute. Among them tu-
berculosis, eye and skin diseases are
rife. Of these children, up to July,
fewer than 1000 had been provided
for, largely because of the tremendous
difficulties attending the work In an
utterly disorganized community. The
government at Belgrade and the great
American and English relief organ
izations are now working in thorough
harmony in their efforts to carry these
children safely through the winter.
They can only succeed If there Is no
Stacking of effort on the part OF the
American and British publics.
Oxford eagle. (Oxford, Lafayette Co., Miss.) 1876-current, 1920-06-24

If you cannot. eat heartily without
an attack of indigestion, your stomach
is weak. You need Priclkly Ash Bit
tiers. 1t is fine digestive tonic. Be-
sides, it rids the stomach and bowels
of the impurities which bring on
sickness. Price $1.25 per bottle. Sold
bv R. r. Chiffon & Co. Adv.
Oxford eagle. (Oxford, Lafayette Co., Miss.) 1876-current, 1920-06-24
r. r. Chiffon & Co

The misery and depression caused
by bilious and constipated condition
of the system can be quickly removed
by using Herbine. 1t purifes,
strengthens and invigorates. Price,
Coo. Sold by A. H. Kendel. Adv.
Oxford eagle. (Oxford, Lafayette Co., Miss.) 1876-current, 1920-06-24
remedy

remedy.
6. The history sheets showing the
effect of the treatment upon the pa
tient.
7. The condition of the patient after
more than two years of bolshevism.
copyright. 1920. Western Newspaper Union)