East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1920-10-27

themselves under the strenuous cOndl-
tlons of the modern world, there
should be applied the principle that
the well-being and development OF
such peoples form u sacred trust Of
civilization and that securities for the
performance of this should be embod-
led in this covenant,
The best method OF giving practical
effect to this principle Is that the tute-
lage Of such peoples should he intrust-
ed to advanced nations who by reason
of their resources, their experience or
their geographical position can best
undertake this responsibility, and who
are willing to accept 1t and that this
tutelage should be exercised by them
AS Mandatories on behalf of the Lea
que.
The character Of the mandate must
differ according to the stage of tho
development Of the people, the geo.
graphical situation Of the territory, its
economic conditions and other similar
circumstances.
Certain communities formerly be-
/ longing to the Turkish Empire have
reached a stage of development where
their existence as independent nations
can be Professionally recognized sub
/ jeet to the rendering Of administrative
advlces and assistance by n Mandatory
until such time as they are able TO
stand alone. The wishes of these COM
munlties must be u principal consid-
Grafton In the selection of the Manda-
tory.
Other peoples, especially those OF
Central Africa, are at such stage
that the Mandatory must be respon-
sible for the administration of the ter
ritory under conditions which will
guarantee freedom of conscience and
religion, subject to the maintenance OF
public order and morals, the prohibit
ftion Of abuses such as the slave trade,
1.-THE arms traffic and the liquor traffic,
and the prevention of the establish
ment of Notifications or military and
naval bases and OF military training
OF the natives for other than police
purposes and the defense of territory
and will also secure equal opportuni-
ties for the trade and commerce OF
other Members of the League.
There are territories. such as South
west Africa and certain of the South
Pacific Islands, which. owing to the
sparseness of their population, or theil
small size, or their remoteness from
the centers of civilization, or their geo.
graphical contiguity to the territory
Of the Mandatory, and other circum'
stances, can be best administered un.
der the laws OF the Mandatory as in.
tegral portions of it's territory. subject
| TO the safeguards above mentioned il
the interests Of the indigenous popu
lation.
In every case of mandate, The Man
datory shall render to the Council ar
annual report in reference to the ter
ritory committed to its charge.
The degree of authority. control, ol
administration to be exercised by the
Mandatory shall, If not previousl!
agreed upon by the Members of thu
League, be explicitly defined in eacl
,case by the Council. 4
A permanent Commission shall b'
constituted to receive and examine tho
annual reports of the Mandatories and
to advise the Council on all matters
relating to the observance of the man
dates.
Article 90
Subject to and In accordance with
the provisions Of International conven-
tions existing or hereafter to be agreed
upo, the Members Of the League:
fuA !
maintain fair and humane condi-
tions Of labor for men, women, and
children, both in their own couutres
and in all countries TO which their
own commercial and industrial rela-
tions extend, and for that purpose
will establish and maintain the
necessary international organiza-
tions;
(b) undertake to secure just treat
ment of the native inhabitants OF
territories under their control;
(c) will intrus4 the League with the
general supervision over the execu-
ton of agreements with regard to
the traffic in women and children,
and the traffic in opium and other
dangerous drugs;
| I'D will intrust the League with the
| general supervision of the trade in
arms and ammunition with the
countries in which the control of this
traffic is necessary in the COMMON
interest;
| (e) will make provision to secure and
maintain freedom. Of communica-
tions and of transit and equitable
treatment for the commerce of all
Members Of the League. In this
connection, the special necessities
of the region devastated during the
war Of 1914-191S shall be borne in
mind;
(f) will endeavor to take steps in
matters Of international concern for
the prevention and control of dis
ease.
Article "a
There shall be placed under the dI-
rection of the League all international
bureaus already established by gen.
eral treaties If the parties to such trea-
ties consent. All such international
bureaus and all commissions for the
regulation of matters of international
interest hereafter constituted shall be
placed under the direction of the Leu
que.
In all matters of international inter-
est which are regulated by general
conventions but which are not plac-
ed under the control of international |
bureaus or commissions, the Secre-
tariat Of the League shall, subject to
the consent Of the Council and IL de, +
sired by the parties, collect and distri- /
butte all revelant information and shall
render any other assistance which may