The Concordia sentinel. (Vidalia, Concordia Parish, La.) 1882-current, 1920-01-10


'forked-stick" artists from experience often are
better able TO judge the probabilities Of ground
water than the average person
Various Kinds Of Wells.
Wells are spoken of as shallow or deep dug,
bored, driven or drilled, and in the case of tubu-
lar wells, as nonfOwing, flowing, artesian.
Persons interested in the various types of wells
and their construction advantages disadvantages,
etc, will find the subject treated in Farmers Bul-
etn No. 941.
Wherever possible, the farmhouse should be
fitted with some sort of running-water system,
simple or elaborate, according to the investment
the owner is able to make For such systems
water may be raised by natural flow, hydraulic
rams, pumps, air lifts, air-uispacement pumps.
Hydraulic rams are the most economical wafer
lifting devices. Since rams OF various sizes and
makes perform differently it usually is necessary
to accept the mechanical details determined by
the manufacturer. The minimum, more
than the average flow of the spring should de-
termine the size of the RAM Otherwise, the one
selected may be too large for the dry-weather
flow Small flows may be determined by noting
the time required to fill vessel of known ca
pacity Larger flows may be determined by weir
measurements.
When the water supply is far from the ram
site it is usual to pipe the flow to an open tank
or reservoir located so as to secure the desired
length and fall of drive pipe. Sometimes the
flow of a spring is too small to actuate ram chat
is sufficient for domestic requirements. In sucn
instances and where nearby brook can be
damned to obtain the necessary power head, the
recoil of the ram may be employed to admit the
spring water, which is pumped by fail of me
brook water to the pipe drive
Motion of water produces friction which in
creases with the length and roughness of the
pine and the rapidity of the waters movement
Hence wherever much water is to be delivered
through long pipe the power or head. Necessary
to overcome friction should be determined. lne
bulletin mentioned before Farmers Bulletin NO
941) contains table which shows the friction
head; that is, the number of feet to he addec 7"
the vertical height for each 100 feet of iron pipe
fnot new to overcome friction when discharg-
ing given quantities of water.
Selection of Pump.
In the selection of pump one should dee'r-
mine the Kind Of well to be used. its inside III
ameter, depth to the bottom, the depth caS"'
depth to the water level, both when the pump IS
at rest and in operation. and the maximum
Weld. The maximum quantity of water required
per day should be calculated Also One shoelh
also determine the distance from the we'll to the
proposed location of the pump and the vertical
height between these points; likewise >the cis-
lance from the pump TO the reservoir or tank anu
.Se vertical height between these points. The
kind of power to be employed should De seii'eu
uton also-hand power. windmill, gasoline OF "'I
engines, or electric motors-and the method Ut
transmitting the power
Farm pumps usually are of the suction ift,
force deep-well type some combination OF
these. Suction and lift pumps do not raise wa
Ter above the pump nor discharge it under press
ura Suction pumps require the cylinder 20 pe
above the water lev, of the supply. If per
feet vacuum could be created within the cylinder
w,ter could be raised vertically by suction SS9
fest at sea level However. the actual suction
iift is usually not more than two-thirds OF the
theoretical lift Methods of making tight JOINTS
are described in the bulletin referred to.
Horizontal suction pipes may extend long as
tances. providing the friction loss plus the yer
teal height from the water level to pump wave
does not exceed the limiting suction lift. Where