The toiler. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1919-1922, 1920-05-28
& PARTY NEWS PACE

his cities and trading centers and bought and rafced
Scandinavia to Spain Wherever he went he established
oarered and fought with his neighbors Robbery and
piracy We're predominant amongst his early OCCUPATIONS
Chatte slavery, which was form of slavery basAd
upon ownership OF the person. gradually gave way 70 the
,hSutntlon OF serfdom which a form of slavery
based upon ownership of the land Under this form of
slavery the serf sold with the land He was mart
OF feudal Estate, having the legal status of real
estate - ''''
Inc TWO classes OF society in this age were known as
he Fatlcans and Pebeians These classes were AGAIN
subdlvded Patrolans into warriors and priests and Pa
Oeans INTO freeman and slaves In each of these cassac
ere were again degrees and cases such as the ranks
ol soders the orders OF prss the various crafts Of hn
&rsans. The serf was an agricultural slave with but
little skill ''" ""'
The Life of the upper class during this age as during
all Others since the division of society into classes was
lie OF luxury, ease and arrogance Feudalism was not
the condition OF the entire age of lower civilization but
grew out OF the suppression of the Soonc Unions in the
Roman Empire which made the Feuda Estate the center
Oh INDUSTRY Feudallsm was supreme during the dark
ages for the that after the suppression of the
Solonlc Unions skill was not encouraged
During the dalk ages the power of the church
was supreme Church and state were one and nseparhe
ana made relentless all forms of Intellectual
actVlty particularly genius of an nvesgative or in
ventive turn
Out of the guild system of the lower age of civlza
on evolved the primitive factory which gave rise to the
apprentice and wages system The art of printing like
the alphabet ITSELF made necessary by the pressure
of the larger volume of commerce The same causes also
produced the compass
The duration of the age of lower civilization was
much less than upper barbarism 1t began about 1000
B. c., and ended with the discovery of steam power
in the eighteenth century.
*) beginning chronological dates
Prior to written records, exact dates impOssblity
'+) AS early 1000 B long given
up the of the clay BabyOna were
twenty two signs for TSng theiT o~n
were the first people to devise of Containing o
but alghabetc Ell sings; that is true letters
, that l. the a whole twenty two might form fixed list easily
They called the first letter alphabet OK the Phonan
ssn S95a % with ok M @ dna @ s began ss with T the first letter The
peFs sas s where so1 our parents learned Ito say "a for for
bed" etc the Phoencn merchants learned
their Letters and were called the alphabet they
bed etc. instead of ga, b. ETC. say 'N'
The word alphabet itself confirms history the Phoen
clans had the alphabet first borrowing the Poeniean
names for the letters the pabet having
to the Latns and from them to
4'O The heads were elected on account of
their master craftsmanship They called lords
executive E, ability and masters of Their ability
1t was not an inrequen for of these
themselves as substitute sacrifice where constituents
involving violation Of the Solonic Law
Here was the origin of The Christian Aonement
Christ the Lord and Master volunteering himself sacrifice the
sins OF his followers 1t is but the expression religious FORM of an
ancient practice, - ~'
~ The reader is referred the first Iow
oy osborne Ward for further ampcation Law
QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER TEN
Lower Civilization.
l. What is a phonetic aphabe
2 Explain the origin of the phonetic alphabet
3. What the Solonic Law
o. Explain the origin of the primitive labor union
Name the economic for of Law
g. What is bremcs Triremea ~
Name the predominant occupations Aryan man Of This
$3.50 w. '"'
s. What chattel slaveryf
9. What serfdom7
TO- Explain the gadatons of the society at this
time " " '' ~ '"''
H. Explain the origin of Feudalism.
IL. What Feudalism
H. What was the basis of industry Feudalm9
a. What is meant by the term ''dark ages'9
TO- What was the reason for the of Feudalism9
l6. What the guild systcmi
the dark agesG " Nrf'- Uu"s
H. What was the economic for invention of the art
of printing! " '"' 'i'
49, Why was the nveneds
90 What the of louer
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