davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-29

lid you ever wonder why bread raises?
~ What is the chemical change which takes
place when you add yeast to flour and water?
What expands the dough into loaves?
To answer these questions it is first necessary
to understand the composition Of -four. Flour
is composed of two important food elements,
gluten or protein and starch or sugar.
When yeast is added to flour and water, the
yeast cells Immediately startfeeding on the sugar
This causes the formation Of tiny bubbles of gas.
Gluten, being tough and coherent, resists the
expansion of this gas, and tiny round cells are
formed which retain the gas until the heat of
the oven in baking releases it and dries and
hardens the tiny cells. This is why bread is
porous in structure.
Gluten keeps it from falling
If q -four is weak in gluten, the walls do not
withhold the gas, and the dough falls. Too
much gluten, ontheother hand, will form tough,
leathery walls, and the bread will take on the
EE1HEA.sr
The Rock Island Argus and daily union. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1920-1923, 1920-10-29

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Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
MURDER At W|FE'S
BID MEANS DEATH
CHAIR To HUSBAND
Woman Also to Be Tried, as She
Killed Man According to Con-
fessiOn of Pair.

Rochester, n. T.. April 23-A
supreme court jury Friday night brought
in verdict of murder in the first degree
against James D. ODell. indicted with
his wife. Pearl O'Dell, for the murder
Of Edward J. Kneip. on the night Of
January Z. O'Dell was sentenced to die
in the week Of June Is.
The crime of which ODell and his
bride Of a month were accused and to
which police and county officials suy
they confessed, was described by county
officials as most brutal.
Young kneip. whom Mrs. O'Dell ac-
cused Of causing her downfall, was
taken in a taxicab from the factory
where he worked, by O'Dell, posing as
q police officer, and after they had been
joined by Mrs. O'Dell, the three were
driven to a lonely spot south Of the city.
There, in the bed Of the old Genesee
valley canal, Kneip, according to ODeIrs
confession and story told on the stand,
was handcuffed to tree. Mrs. ODeIl,
according to the confession. then bent
him upon the head with a heavy iron
file until he collapsed. His body was
dragged to culvert nearby, stripped OF
and left.
Later the O'Delrs returned to the
spot, according to their story, and found
Kneip recovering. With the aid Of his
wife, according to O'Delrs story, Knsip
was beaten of and felled with club.
while the wife ripped his stomach with
a pocket knife.
Irs. o'Deil vim b tried May a.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
WAR
CRAFT Barred;
palmer SUES
Payments of $4,420, 900
Withheld as Start of
Recovering More.

Washington, April q. - Attorney
General Palmer announced that inves-
tigation by. the department of justice
Of alleged fraudulent war contracts had
uncovered illegal transactions involy-
ing millions of dollars" and that through
civil and criminal prosecutions now
completed or under way, large sums
would be saved for the government.
Questionable vouchers unearthed in
one clam of contracts alone have re-
suited in the withholding Of payments
BY the government amounting to ap-
proximately S4,42O,OOO.' the depart
ment declared in statement. These
contracts have been under investigation
for months and they affect a very re-
stricted area. Reports to the depart
ment indicate that as result of indict-
ments already returned against fifteen
defendants in the northern Pacific di-
vision at Seattle about $15OOOO will
be recovered from shipbuilders and for
mcr representatives of the United
States shipping board emergency fleet
corporation in that section. Similar
cases in the same district involving ap-
$265 600 will be presented
to grand juries within the next few
days.
The bureau Of investigation of the
department of justice has before it fif-
teen large cases in which special in
vestigations have been ordered All Of
these involve large sums. One Of them,
which is now being prepared for pres
entation to the grand jury in Ohio, in
wolves 1925, 600"
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24

mine crews will 60 to work Saturday.
None of the Is men shot in Wednes-
day nights clash is dead, and all but
four of the wounded men are progress
sing toward recovery. The condition of
Peter Marovich. James Sullivan. Roke
Lavous and Thomas Manning is serious,
with little chances for recovery.
$50 Soldiers In City.
The soldiers VINO arrived last night,
are quartered in the Florence hotel, a
big miners boarding house on the east
side They include detachments Of four
companies from Fort Wright and three
from Camp Lewis-at least $50 men,
Colonel Herman Hall, in command
Of the troops, made round of the city
and the mines and conferred with local
officials. He had a long conference with
County Attorney N. A. Rotering, Sheriff
J. X. O'Rourke and Mayor W. Il.
Stodden, but nothing was given out as
to what passed in the meeting
Deny Strike Is Oft.
Hand bills were again circulated an
nouncing that the strike had not been
called off. These were issued by Metal
Mine Workers Union No. 500. I. w. W.,
which called the strike last Sunday No
attempt was made during the day to
picket the mines.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
BODIES Of RUSSIAN
ROYAL VICTIMS ARE
BURIED At PEK|NG
Seven Slain of Imperial Family
Brought to Russian Cemetery
at China's Capital.

Picking. April 17.-(By the Associ-
ated Press.)-Seven bodies, four of
them said to be those of members of
the Russian imperial family, arrived in
Peking from Harbin Friday and were
buried in the Russian cemetery outside
the city walls. The whole proceeding
was surrounded with the greatest Sc
crecy, even the Russian legation recciv-
ing scant information.
The bodies we're declared to be those
Of Grand Duke Serge Michaelcvitch,
Prince Ivan. husband Of Princess Helene,
daughter Of King Peter Of Serbia:
Prince Igor. brother of Prince Ivan;
Grand Duchess Elisabeth. a sister Of the
late empress, and three servants who
shared the fate Of three members Of
the royal family when. it is alleged,
they were killed and their bodies thrown
down into coal mine near Perm.
The discovery Of their whereabouts
was said to have been made by COM
mission appointed by Admiral Kolchak
last summer.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
BUTTE so tanned.
SOLDIERS LOAF:
MINERS LAGGARD
Few Men Back as Pits Reopen, as Certainty of Pro-
lection Was Not Generally known;1 WV.
Bills Say Strike Still Is On.

Butte. April 24.-An additional com.
pany Of regular soldiers from Camp
Lewis, under command Of Captain
Shackleford, arrived In Butte at I O'Clock
this morning to assist In preserving
order.
Butte was so tame Friday that the
soldier patrols put out to assure re-
turning miners Of protection on the
roads to the mines were called in before
noon and the revolution" became a
loaf
1t was a loaf for the miners as well
as for the soldiers and strikers. Few
men responded to the announcement Of
reopening of the pits and resumption Of
operations. This was ascribed to the
fact that it was not generally known
that the soldiers who arrived Thursday
night would guard the highways to the
mines and assure the men willing to
work Of protection from violence by any
l. w. w. pickets.
Four Men Still In Danger.
Picketing, however. was not attempt
ed In fact. since IA of the I. w. w.
pickets stopping bullets In the clash
Wednesday afternoon. picketing has lost
all its zest for the strikers.
1t is expected that nearly normal
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24

the hospital, according to his partisans
constitutes the service of the full term
OF imprisonment imposed by the senate
Kept from Senate.
The decision not to bring Caillaux
before the senate provoked rumors that
he would be released during the night.
NJ. Moutet, of counsel for Caillaux,
said the prisoner was willing to appear
before the senate to hear the verdict of
condemnation. At the morning session,
Caillaux had listened to the court pro-
nounce the verdict guilty of violating
Article, IS of the military code, and de-
clared in reply to the usual question
that he had nothing to say.
Stormy Session Averted.
After the morning session, the court
went into secret session, to frame the
sentence to he imposed on Caillaux. 1t
reconvened at 9 o'clock at night. 1t had
been expected that a stormy session
would cnsue, but violent protest by
Senator Brivet, who was quickly calmed,
proved to be the only incident. The
ne;Ehborhod of the senate was extreme
" quiet during the night
When the sentence had been read by
NJ. Bourgeois. the 80 senator's rose and
left the chamber.
Maitre Demange, of Caillaux's coun-
CONTINUED ON Page Two.)
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
NEW RAILWAY UNION
IS BEING FORMED BY
STRIKING YARDM|E|V
Efforts Will Be Made to Enroll
All r. II, Crafts in u. s.
and Canada.

Washington. April 23.-Formation Of
q new national organization OF railroad
men has been undertaken BY representa-
tives here of striking switchmen in Chi
cago, New York, Cleveland, st. Louis
and other cities. r. J. Mitchell. Of Chi
cago. said efforts would be made to en-.
roll workers in all railroad crafts, both
in the United States and Canada. He
estimated the membership would be TO-
OOO ut the start.
J. P. Foley. Of the Cleveland yard1
mems association, said the committees
now in Washington reported 1000
members In the non-recoznized associa-
tions and that elections for grand
lodge would be hsh IN November.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24

arose.
Hugh Carter Real Leader.
Just now it is impossible to say how
many of the johnson delegates were
elected, but in view Of the heavy vote
polled by johnson, it is probable that
At least majority Of them win be vic
torious. The official head Of the john
son campaign in Montana was Hugh Car
ter. Of Helena, son Of former Senator
Thomas II. Carter. who for many years
represented Montana in the upper house
Of congress.
Wilson Democratic Choice.
The Democrats had filed in candidate
for president and where the voters wrote
them in the general reports indicate
that Wilson leads. with Attorney Gen
eral Palmer or Governor Edwards, Of
New Jersey, second. The returns on the
delegates to the national convention are
purely local and it probably viii be sew
eral days before the winners Of either
party are known definitively.
Governor aad walsh Hoaered.
Governor Sam v Stewart, who was
unopposed for the vice presidential nomi-
nation, received handsome compliment
try vote, and word from state head
qquarters in Helena indicate that Sen
ator Thomas ]. Walsh has been chosen
Oels0ate Leaders.
OF the local candidates, the meazre
returns received from northern Mon
tana indicate that DR.. W. Fl. Barth and
Mayor Louis Newman are running well
up and both have q chance for election.
On the Republican list Senator J. NJ.
Burlingame and T. o. Larson seem to
have polled the heaviest vote through
northern Montana.
Butte Labor Backs Johnson.
It was only in few communities that
have thus far reported that johnson
was beaten. In Teton county, Lowden
led and in Roosevelt county he was also
ahead Of johnson. Wood showed signs
of strength in Fallon, Toole and Ra-
vali.
The feature Of the returns was the
heavy vote given johnson in Butte,
which would Indicate that he has been
given the support Of the labor men from
the start. That also is indicated In the
vote given him in Great Falls, Billings,
Livingston and Miles City.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
DIGGER E|VT0MbED
IN 4 WELL: RESCUER
ROUTED BY CAVE-||I
Friend Had Uncovered Victims
Head When Fresh Crumble
Drove Him Out.

Seattle, April 23.-Caught in the bot
tom Of an S5-foot well which he was
digging when its walls caved in, Robert
Schneider, %, Of Richmond Beach, was
buried alive and e. II. Markely, COM
panion. narrowly escaped the same fate,
when q second cave-in occurred.
was digsing frantically and had sue
cerded in uncoverins Schneider's head
when the walls began to crumble again,
ond he barely managed 20 escape.
Schueider's bo.ly was buried under As
feet Of earth. Tne accident II believed
to hare been caused by Schneider strik-
ing Qpicksand while digging.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24

IN SENATE IS
UNDFRWOOD'S
Hitchcock Quits Race to
Campaign; Will Lead
Any Treaty Fight.

Washington. April Ex-senator Hitch
cock. of Nebraska. withdrew tonight
from the race for Democratic leader of
selection of Senator Underwood, Of Ala
bama, at the Democratic conference
called for Tuesday night.
Senator Hitchcoek's announcement
was made in q letter to senate Demo-
Gratis and it breaks the deadlock which
developed at the party conference on
January ID. when the first effort was
made to select successor to the late
Senator Martin. of Virginia.
II now desire to terminate this 1ead-
lock- Senator Hitchcock wrote. "and
hereby withdraw my name from the con-
test. This will conduce to Democratic
harmony and will accord with my indi-
vidual plans. which will not permit me,
during the remainder of the year, to I'M
dertake such continuous service in the
senate as have had during the last
II months
II desire particularly to thank those
who have supported me in this contest
and to say to all that / shall be glad. in
resuminx my position as vice chairman.
to cooperate as heretofore vita the
chosen leader"
Senator Hitchcock's friends explained
the presidential campaign would take
the senator away from Washington at
frequent intervals. and that aside from
this he would make frequent visits to
his summer home in Massachusetts, and,
consequently. would not desire the re-
sponsibility of minority leadership.
Senator Hitchcock has been the Dem
ocratic leader throughout the long
peace treaty fight. and it was explicitly
stated at the white house and by Sena-
=
outcome Of the election for leadership
he would continue as the administration
spokesman should the treaty fight be re-
neWed
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
FERGUS COUNTY.

Lewistown. April 23.-Eisht pre-
cincts. including two Lewistown wards
gave: Harding. 8; Hoover. 121; John
son. 1875: I.owden. 90: Wood. 60. Dem
ocratic: Edwards. Is: Palmer, II: Viii
son. IA: McAdoo. 8.
The johnson delegates to the Repub-
lican convention are leading by Is.
Among the Democratic candidates for
delegates. Roy Ayers and ]. F.. Lane,
Lewistown men. are leading in Fergus
BY a wide margin.
Tho precincts that have reported give
Stewart for vice president $50.
I; J. Walsh is running we'll up with
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24

to vote or hold office.
Makes No Comment.
The document was read by court Of
ficer sent to the hospital for the pur-
pose. after it had been promulgated be-
fore the senate by Leon Bourgeois, the
presiding officer. Caillaux was not
present in the senate chamber.
The prisoner made no comment after
the official made known the contents of
the document, but his face showed signs
of deep sadness.
Asked by newspapermen present
whether he desired to make a state
ment. Caillaux replied:
Il shall be at your disposal tomorrow
or the next day when am released
Date Of Freedom Puzzles.
Opinions differ regarding the termi-
nation of Caillaux's prison sentence
The evening papers hold that. with al
lowances. the three-year term has al
ready expired and the condemned man
should be released Saturday morning
when the date of his Punishment should
begin.
The question when NJ. Caillaux is to
be freed requires intricate figuring to
decide. for allowances have to be made
for the time he had been under restraint
in prison and at the hospital The pris-
oner was in Jail for - months and this
time, added to the period he has been in
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
Cleveland Men Answer
Government With Defi-
ance; Chicago Outlaws
Snubbed, Stands Pat.
Refusal of Managers to
Restore Seniority in
N.Y.Blocks Peace; New
Demands at St. Louis.

cisvslaad, April 23.-Five hund-
red strikia9 railroad switchmea 1t
Z MASS meeting Friday agreed nm
aaimovsly to 90 to jail rather than
return to work after officials Of the
department. of justice requested the
strike leaders to notify the men
that all Of the approximately 500
strikers woaid be arrested II they
did not return to work by Saturday
lporaiao. This was after John
sawksa, department Of justice
agent, who attended the meeting,
had demanded that the strikers
leaders order the men to return to
work Of themselves 20 to Jail.
u have Just been informed by
the department Of justice repre-
sentattves that every man Of Us will
% to jail unless We 40 back to
work." said E. J. 0'Roske, presi-
dent Of the YardmeR's association,
after 4 conference with Sawken.
Every man who wishes to avoid
arrest by returaiaS to his lob will
kindly rise end leave the roem."
Not Z man moved.
Every man who chooses prison
bars to starvation wages win rise"
0'Rourkt said.
The 500 men rose " I body oheer-
ing and shouting.
I'VE win al 90 to jall,' they
shoated, % their leaders tried In
vain to qutet them. The meeting
then adjourned.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
FALLS LABOR
PUT JOHNSON
over IN CITY
Leads Democratic
Returns on Delegates;
Hoover Second, Low
den Third; Many Scat
tenng Preferences,
Even Debs.

Republican voters IN the city Of Great
Falls gave Hiram w. johnson Of Cali
fornia, majority of 153 votes as their
preference for the party nominee for
president, at the primary Friday. in =
small vote.
The total vote cast for president IN
the Republican primary was 1887. The
candidate was 3S7. the number received
BY Toole for elector. That made to-
tai showing Of but 1,724 out of pos
sible 600, one Of the lightest votes at
IN election ever cast in the city.
There was not the hint of excitement
| about the election and as the Democrats
| had no contests in their primary. their
vote fell to less than third the number
cast BY the Republicans.
Hans o. Mp Also Seen.
1t was the contention Of observers
after the first returns began to como in
that there was evidence that labor and
the Non-partisan element had entered
the Republican primary and thrown
returns hints some truth to this ~ the
returns from the precincts whore the
labor vote 10 strongest also reveals
Johnson's greatest strength.
Herbert Hoover ran far ahead Of
Lowden or Wood who finished in the
order named and Hoover and Lowden
each carried one precinct in the city.
Hoover taking the second precinct and
Lowden the third
How the Democrats Raw.
In the Democratic city primary, DR..
W. 81. Barth led the ticket for delegate
to the national convention, with James
?. Bole. Of Boseman, Roy e. Ayers, Of
Lewistown, Mayor Louis Newman, Of
Great Falls, and Senator T. ]. Walsh
finishing in the order named
The Democrats voted for divers and
gundry persons to presidential candidate.
Bryan. Hoover, McAdoo, Edwards. Palm
e. Debs. Cox and numerous other. be-
were the most popular with most parties.
q Debs was also voted for In the Rspub.
Hcan primary By several voters.
The first precinct Of the city to return
its vote was Precinct 8. which was &C.
counted for in less than IN hour after
the polls closed. Then came Precinct &
closely, after which there was consider
able delay but all totals were completed
BY Tho Tribune at :46. Monarch was
the first Of county precincts to report.
A.D.c- Men Tall-sadsrs..
Te table on anoter page shows the
vote Of the city for IN canddidces BY
In the city Of Great Falls, the fol-
lowing delegates candidates In the Demo
cratic psrty are s Leaders,; I.n,sa' ba5tn' P bo,s.
81 and Erickson. q ths Republieas
primary, those ars the candiddess tor de-
laeafe Who have the lad 81 this city:
Bsrlingame. Galway, Connolly, Larson,
G. R Allen, Baker, Alexander, and Am
hross: Ths hst foar On he Republican
;sS.t.s rieSeee ~ ScHsnsor -
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
CHOICE
Of INDUSTRIAL VOTE;
FATE Of A.B.D.' IN Al
Wave Of Preference for Wilson Shown IN Demo
cratic Ranks; Local Candidates for Delegates
Among Leaders on Both Sides; Wood Second in
Republican Returns; Has Some Counties; Hoov-
er Third; Butte Strong for johnson.

Hiram W. Johnson of California swept the Republican pres
identia preference primaries Montana Friday Returns
piled by The Tribune until o'clock Saturday morning from 2
of the 1898 precincts in the state and scattered through 20
ties give him plurality Of than 5000 his closest oppon
Wood although Lowden and Hoover close behind in the
der named ,
The Johnson victory achieved in the fact of determined
position by the Republican machine of Montana
possible by the action of O. Shelby Of Helena
eight candidates pledged for Johnson the dele
gates ticket whose begin with and D. and the
suant publicity which from the immediate opposition which
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24

N|1TI PREDICTS ANOTHER WAR.
As RESULT OF Terms TO TURK:
ABSOLUTELY NO ITALIAN HELP

Adrianople," said Signor Nitti.
''You have placed their capital
city under foreign control; you
have taken from them every port
and larger part Of their terri
tory. And the five Turkish del
egates whom you will select will
sign a. treaty which will not
have the sanction of the Turk
ish people or the Turkish parlia.
ment."
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24

San Reno, April 23.-(By The
Associated Press.)-"You will
have a war in Asia Minor, and
Italy will not send a single sol.
dier nor pay a single lire," said
Signor Nitti, Italian premier, in
an interview, following a critical
analysis by him of the Turkish
peace treaty.
'You have taken from the
Turks their sacred city of
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
Bolshevik Attempts
to Threaten China Is
Foiled in Big Battle

Toxic. April 23.-Bolshsvik at-
tempt to threaten China by advanc-
Ing from tho laooda valley, north-
west Of China, have ben entirely
frustrated BY japanese and oil. Rus
sian forces. as result ef a hattie
at Fort WerkeinskoJe, April i2, &C.
cordtn0 to report Issued from tho
war office here.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
MARS STILL SNUBS HIM.

Cedar Rapids. Neb.. April 23.-Dr.
Frederick Milliner failed again Thurs
day night. in his efforts to catch signals
from Mars at the receiving station he
has constructed. The experiments will
be continued for several days.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
DANISH CALLLAUX
5YEARS; PRISON,
LOSES RIGHTS 10
tarium Detention Many More, Term Is Believed
Served; Hears Sentence With Sign of Sadness.

Paris April 23Senence of three years imprisonment
imposed Friday Former Premier Joseph Caaux convicted
the high court Thursday Of and correspondence
with the enemy The time during which
will be deducted however leaving him but month
The expremier sentenced also pay the of
trial.
The sentence however, includes besides three years impr
onent and payment of the costs Of the trial banshmen
and loss Of civil rights for 10 years. carrying with inability
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
LEWIS AND CLARK COUNTY.

Helena, April 23.-Fifteen precincts
of 40 in this county give: Harding. is:
Hoover. Ill; johnson. 695; Lowden,
214: Wood. 100.
Four precincts Of IS in Fallon coun-
ty give Harding, O.: Hoover, 10; John
son, 2S; Lowden. 43: Wood. 65.
Great Falls daily tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1895-1921, 1920-04-24
SILVER Bow COUNTY.

Butte, April 23.-Sixty-three pre-
cincts out Of 81 In Silver Bow county.
including Butte. give: johnson, 2,SS9:
Hoover. c83: I,owden. 151; Harding, 81 {;
Wood, $40.