davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-08

slowly, but at prices to protect the trade" that is. to enable d few import CTS to profiteer by putting still higher the price of nitrate during the past three months.
 If either CT both war and agricuItural departments have great stock of nitrate. why is it not being sold to fertilizer mak- CTS and users? And at pre-war prices, same as other war Surpusage?
 If American stocks of nitrate are light instead of heavy why has this condition been allowed to occur? Why were past 10 months imports only S25, 900 tons of ni- trate of soda compared to four times as much in pre-war period? Has there been deliberate rigging of the market % to force fertilizer manufacturers and farmers into paying famine prices for ni- trate this spring?
 Worse yet was the folly of shutting down the governments vast plant at Mus Gle Shoals for extracting nitrogen from the air. Had it run 2+ hours daily since the armisttce. an enormous supply of air nitrate would be on hand now
 The least that can be done to rectify this colossal mistake is for Congress to enact forthwith the Wadsworth- Kahn bill to start up the governments air nj trate works under efficient and non-bu- reaucratfc management, fer the public welfare
 II prdclIce eoillfnlS theory, the Muscle Shoals outfit can yield annually the equiv alent of a99000 tons of nitrate of soda nearly twice the pre-war import of ni- trate-when the Wilson dam there is com pleted and furnishing 45o0o0 horse power in hydro-eiectricity. That plant also has l50o00 steam power. It's total ex- ceeds all the power generated on both sides of Niagara Falls.
 For the government to hoard it's nitrate of soda beyond it's war needs, and also to delay making air nitrate, is all wrong. It is inexcusable, It plucks domestic pro- oucers and consumers of fertilizer for the benefit of a few importers
 It forces us to pay millions to Chile for nitrate that the government can make at Muscle Shoals. The latter would also keep at home the vast sums we now pay Chile.
 The farmer who uses imported nitrate naysIhe tax of $11 IS. which Chile imposes upon each ton of her nitrate exported. That tax already has cost the American people nearly 900
 This means that, allowing one- third of our nitrate imports for use in the arts. the American farmer has paid out no less than the gigantic total of s1o9.ooo00o in direct taxes to Chile.
 Farmers no longer will submit to be- ing taxed sl1.ls on every ton of nitrate for the benefit of Chic, Already the ArooS-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-08

tween the knees. with the covered portion of tue top nearest the milker. If held in this position the covered portion will prevent hairs and dirt from falling into the milk.
 Milk quietly but rapidly The milker
 makes use of the mother instinct in the COW. Harshness is against that instinct and the COW does not secrete as much milk as she would if she were mixed and handled quietly.
 It must be remembered that not all the milk is in the udder when the milking process is begun The cow secretes milk more rapidly during the milking process and the milking to be successful. must be done in such way as to promote that secretion. If it is done so as to give ! pain to the COW or to alarm or disquiet
 her. she will not give so much milk. 1 Keep milking as long as it is possible to get any milk The last milk is the
 richest The first milk drawn is always 1 comparatively low in butterfat. It is
 the '.strippings." or last milk given, that l contain the highest per cent of butter
 fat
 We'll that is about all there is to, the milking process. A great many things
 are related to it The department of agri- culture recommends that that milk should be weighed daily There are several l reasons for this. One is that the ra- | 1 of milk. A safe rule. the experts say, is 1 i pound of grain to every 31s or pounds 1 of milk Another. and perhaps more ac-
 eurate, rule is to feed as many pounds
 of grain d.; day as. ths~cow gives pounds i of butterfat in a week: but. this latter 1 rule is not so conveniently applied in | the case of the family COW, because of ] the necessity of making a Babcock test l for butterfat.
 I The weight of milk produced. in pro- portion to the grain ration, is of particu- lar importance during the first 20 days i after the COW freshens. She is at that time most easily able to establish her 1 working basis. She has just had her I vacation Her milk-secreting glands are
 sensitive her digestive apparatus active. l A few days after she becomes fresh. in-
 crease her grain one-half or three-quar- ters of a pound day, and see how much
 milk she gives the following day. Keep ! up the increase from day to day as lone as she responds with enough increase in ! milk to pay for the increased grain
 When the point is reached where the Emlk flow fails to increase with increased I feeding, reduce the grain ration pound or two and keep along this line until the point is found at which the COW pro- duces the greatest and most economical flow of milk. Then fix this as her regular
 grain ration as long ts she produces that
 amount of milk
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-08

took farmers federation in Maine and other farm organizations are up in arms in favor of largest use of the govern ments own air nitrate plant. This courr- try has paid Chile nearly $500 eco GOO for the 1S,4 900 tons of nitrate we had inn ported to June 30, 1919. including $l47.- DISCO paid in export taxes direct to Chile's treasury The tax alone we hs>e paid Chile would have built works suf- ficient to producel all our nitrate, pos sibly also all our potash. and cheapened our phosphorus, for quite likely elec- tricity may vet be employed to make
 available now inert potash and phosphorc Iacid.
 Bad enough in any season. the govern
 ment's present policy of hoarding its imported nitrate, also of not producing air nitrate at its own works, in which it has invested $70 00o.00o results in still fur ther putting up the price of food. The area now under winter wheat and rye is seriously reduced, in part because fertii-
 izer is dear. Even more grave is the ex- tent to which farmers are being forced to
 curtai planting this spring because of
 scarcity and high price of fertilizer and labor.
 Uncle Sam let the farmers have ali
 you can possibly spare of your nitrate
 stores, also all the air nitrate you can produce working 24 hours day s65 days IN the ycdT Let tnSl1i nave u iio"* e.iie at pre-war prices. Don't be stoo all-fired
 particular about conserving importers
 welfare They have profited enough dur
 ing the war. Give domestic fertilizer
 producers and consumers at least fair
 show. They ask no favors-simply a
 square deal This is the quickest, easiest
 and surest way to increase food produc-
 ton and decrease food prices. Palmer s
 scheme to force farmers to sell for less
 atready has cut in two the farm price
 of hogs. with only slightest benent to
 consumers, but it together with dear fer :
 tilizer and high labor> is forcing farm
 CTS to curtail their 1920 crops to an ex-
 tent that is most alarming. American
 Agriculturist.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-08
. By MRS. JOHN c. MOSES

By MRS. JOHN C. MOSES
 The old saw, as scarce as hen's teeth"
 would be quite as true if turkey or any
 been substituted for hen The entire
 crnthological division of the animal
 kingdom is toothless. No painful filing
 of bicuspids in their young lives nor
 crowning molars in their later days! In
 the bird family there is but particle of
 need of screwing courage up to the point
 where an appointment with the dentist is
 made, no enduring of anguish in the
 chair for them, and none to be faced
 later when the bill comes in. When a hen's teeth" become inefficient she sim ply discards them and picks up some new ones. Truly there are many compensa- ticns in having been born bird
 Armed with beak, the hen is able to rick up food of fairly good size but she IS provided with no way of breaking it
 into small particles he her mouth, for she has neither teeth nor lips Instead the food is swallowed whole and is stored in her crop until needed by the stomach
 Then it's walls contract and down it goes into the stomach.
 This stomach has two parts, one where ! the food is soaked with a secretion of acid and ferment pepsin, and the other where the grinding takes place The lat i ter is commonly known as the gizzard. Because of this organs work in pulver- izing food to small particles, the hen and every other member of the bird fam l lily is able to dispense with teeth The 1 teeth of q bird are really the grit which it consumes with it's food Sharp sand, small stones, broken she'll and sim liar substances, in the gizzard assist in nulverzng the other articles in it's diet In fact, this fritty material accomplishes the same purpose that molar teeth do In other animals mouths Until it bS- comes useless as adigestive aid it is stored in the gizzard
 tThe hard, callous pads of the gizzard are contracted and expanded during di- sestion by powerful muscles. This mo- ton, together with the grit, reduces the food to fine particles The grit is re- taned in the stomach until it is smooth and then is discarded naturally and an- other supplyNis eaten to take it's place.
 For this reason fowls kept in confine- .ment need grit at their disposal quite as much as other kinds of feeds The grit already in their gizzards, at the time 2 flock is penned. might be all that the fowls will require for three or four weeks, but if more is not supplied digestive trouble will soon set in. It is safer to supply it from the beginning Sand wil | No iNt thV Pti 1CSCf pul tllltNtliS Stenl | to prefer "a coarser grit, one of size between wheat and corn. Oyster shells lare commonly supplied to the flock be- cause of the lime they contain. which l is necessary for shell formation, but they also serve to some extent as~ grit in ,ne | diet. The pieces become smooth more quickly than a harder grit and a fresh | supply must be eaten more often.
 1 Specialists state that hen needs and
 will consume about one pound of grit in | a l2-month period.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-08
WHY FERTILIZER IS HIGH

One reason why fertilizer is high and hard to get is this It is difficult for manufacturers or farmers to obtain ni- trate Of soda, even at advancing prices.
 Yet the governments warehouses are bursting with nitrate. While imports the first 10 months of 1919 were less even than the pre-war normal, huge stock of nitrate of soda must have been in the war departments possession year ago. and has not been used since. Con- gress also appropriated millions to en- able the department of agriculture to furnish nitrate to farmers, Some sales from the latter stock have been made
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-08
Farm Notes

Fresh bread is so moist that it makes 4 rood growing place for mold. Ther"- fore scald the bread box at least once q week and do not shut it up airtight in hot weather or when filled with fresh bread.
 By far the largest crop of oceans infth& country is the crop of 1919, which reached the high production of s9 per cent of a full crop. a degree of productivity rarely attaincd. In addition to the record pro duction in 1913, the. quantity of the nuts is high.
 The lettuce and celery crops of Florida contribute annually about sl,5oo,WO 10 the incomes of the truck growers m tnas state. About 4aoe acres now are devoted to the culture of these crops and this area is being increased constantly.
 During the last ten years the lowest average weight of barley pc measured bushel was in 1919 and 1916, when It was 45.2 pounds. The standard weight is-ds pounds.
 Wheat has an average weight of ss.3 pounds per measured bushel for tho crop of 1919. This is the lowest weight since 1904, when it was 55.5 pounds The standard weight is 60 pounds
 NCorn has the high quality of ss.1 > }r the crop of 1919, in comparison wit h100 as representing high medium grade In the last 6 years this de- gree os quality has been exceeded in only two years, 1905 and 1906.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-08
Peak of Acreage Effort


 The farmers of the United States in 1919, had 1772,000 acres more under cul- t;vation than they had in 1918, and the 1918 acreage was 1S.16f,0o0 acres above that of 1916, the year before the United States entered the war The 1919 acre. age, therefore was 20, ,53e 090 acres above the acreage of the last pre-waY~ wear. The whole saln of l9l9 however, is to le credited to winter wheat. sown most- ly before the signing Of the armistice. 'Tbis crop alone gained f. PA 0aa acres oyer laiS. The 1eie acreage in crops other than winter wheat. therefore. WIS about l0,50o.oe0 acres less than in 1gfS. accord ing to statistics gathered by the crop reporting specialists of the department of agriculture
 The peak of acreage effort. therefore, was reached in 191S the last year of the war. when farmers cultivated 1S,764o o01 acres more of principal crops than they cid the year before the United States entered the war. In the meantime army, navy and wal industry took a large fra.- ton of the former farm labor, so that there could have been no annual increase of acreage under former conditions The loss of labor, unless new methods had been adopted would have reduced the cultivated area greatly Notwithstanding this great handieap, farmers in the two war years increased tneir area uhier principal crops seven and a half times the average yearly increase of the pre- -eeding five years, and the increase in acreage was greater in the second year than in the first.
 According to the figures of the bureau of crop estimates. the cultivated asea was 3l4, ,s24 0o0 in 1911 and S2i 195.s3o in 1916. an average gain of 253f,4i acres a year. The total went up to SS56iS .0e0 in 19l7. a gain of S47s,09e; 10 3f5 .e59,QG) in 1918. a gain of 10 291 .00) acres over 19i7, and Is. .764,c0o acres over 1916; to 3i1,7Sl, ,aoa acres in lal9Aa gain of l,7lk,e9o over 1918.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-08

When eggs are marketed by parcel post it should be a comparatively easy matter for a producer and consumer to agree upon stipulated market quota ton as the basis for determining the price to be paid The necessary rela- tons in this matter can be maintained only by scrupulous honesty and we'll founded mutual trust
 The nature of the agreement between
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-08

The Empress Josephine, if is sail, was the first to use pocket handker- chief in public. Her teeth were bad and she gracefully concealed this de- feet by holding a costly handkerchief before her lips.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-08

considerable number of British coastins vessels taken from the China coast for war services. particularly n the Mesopotamian campaign. are pe- ing put back on their normal run. and coast rates are falling in nseenseauencs.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-08

For quickly clearing street gutters of snow an Englishman has inveted horse drawn blow featured by rollers to guide it along curbs
The Ontario Argus. (Ontario, Or.) 1???-1947, 1920-02-12
LEADER IN
COMPLETED CLUB WORK
Youngsters Win 30 ui i22 ruU.i,
rntc. Issued 90 Oregon ",
National Leader

Oregon Agricultural ru'Iaf. COR.
yalln Fob. no. Coos county girls
and boyF clubs won aa or 'U, laa
onor couincutcs issued to Cu..o.
elm members by O 49, nuoD. n0
"oud club leader no.nn .n Mnr
uomoh by two aud ralNpn aa
ror Claclaman third 90 .no race
BY A.
"rho honor certificate urn und
10 any club 20 per cont ol #Nu
uouncrshIp complete. tn0 N.., .
thoir project and mako l.ual ropou'
OF % 10 the collorc.cluh department
says " c. Seymour static club
leader
The coruric1tca boar ino .iua
uros of Mr. Benson Gu.ruur ON
colt state superintendent D. a
Churchill President " y Eorr lun
state club leader the county school
superintendent the local teacher
md the local club lo1dor
The work provided ror nlrlF under
expert college instruction include.
sowing, baking, canning and homo
making Girls frequently tahn The
outside work designed primarily for
how. such oa the raising ~ calves
plgs, goats poultry 'potHto'a corn
and garden vegetables BOYS Jlso
uE, rrndiaraft vorl, and both hu,
and girls are enrolled n homo
Identification
The 100 per cent perfect clubs rn.
cpiyur certificates are tho CutrMu
Inlet pIr club Mcltul"" ni" "l"'
Arago canning olu' Cnnsur sowing
club. Catching Inlet scv'u~ club. .vo
Couullc sewing clubs, u,uudhont
sowing club Myrtle Point colEiuo
club and Bandon canning club
The Ontario Argus. (Ontario, Or.) 1???-1947, 1920-02-12

Lronch Esther AruNo tar.. .u
whose baby eyes opened upDu Hn.
OF horror and later through them
raw much of the SUFFERING q. tuo
people of Armenia
The family are making their tour
under the auspices of the Nrur ruW
Relief the big organization which
has saved hundreds OF thousands ol
the people in that part of the world
from death by hunger and cold and
iu soon To open nation wide Cum-
pnign for funds to complete the work
of saving the survivors, more than
half million OF whom must perish
unless aid comes To them soon
America is their only hope
General Azgapctinn served gallant
Is In the Russian armies In the eau.
cnsus against the Turks Ills Wife
who accompanied him 10 the front
did noble work for the sick and
wounded, and II was while Ia this
service that her baby was born iu
hospital tent DUNG battle An
army hlnkot swung from two polos
in one corner of the tent was lhn
bahys CRIB during the rest of thlf
terrible winter campaign with cine
collapse uf the Russian arwics after
the nolsl 'yist revolution the Afrapc
tians re- urncd to Armenia for %
brief spell and did their best to ullc-
yiutc the suffering they found ou
every hard Rut with @ Turkish
price ON HTS head the father finally
made hi way with hIa family
through l,ussia to Finland and then
to this country What thcv tcu OF
conditions aud needs In Armenia Is
first hand evidence.
I'm the Caucasus, Armenia, Syria,
The Ontario Argus. (Ontario, Or.) 1???-1947, 1920-02-12
EVERYBODY washes with RAIN WATER JONES

Turkey and Persia arc moro than
100000 orphans, helpless little vice
Tins of war, massacre and doporla-
tiou, and for the great majority the
only bar between them and absolute
starvation is bowl of hot h.au
soup every day This soup is sup
piled by the Near East Relief now
making nm appeal to the American
people for sufficient funds TO iu-
crease this dole and to- provide tu.s.
suffering little ones with cIoihiuo
and TO give them am education that
viii help them 60 become self aIp-
porting u is estimated tnat NOR.
than 100000 u We tern heia wIil
die sof starvation unless American
aid is continued
The Ontario Argus. (Ontario, Or.) 1???-1947, 1920-02-12
"RINirl,y SrINp SUNDAY
InnAINE NNlAnIN ~

THO might sunshine nt sun
r,H.uriv had its effect ON rr' uriut
,rs pg ,t, Snake river Nlll'l and
m.r wru. thoW gct ont 0. rn'oy lU.
r,sn au They came 'c ontario.
tu Among the visitor Nc.r lH,
Iyo' or1 g. q Hanson ot 'Ho Wci'rr
Ar,rl icau. ana \ A Young elitG
~ the poyotto Independent
The Ontario Argus. (Ontario, Or.) 1???-1947, 1920-02-12
ARMENIAN WAR NURSE
ASKS AMERICAN AID
Soldier Husband ana Battlefield
Baby Touring Country with
Her Tor Near East Relief.

a mother father and daughter
the latter born iu tattoroi Red
Cross tent ia the icy Caucasus while
guns roarod AN around and Turkish
shells, ignoring the mercy emblem,
burst near &c. are touring America Boz
behalf of their native Armenia They
are General Mozrop Newton Azgapc-
tiun. his wife. Lady Anne, and
The Ontario Argus. (Ontario, Or.) 1???-1947, 1920-02-12
You Can Back Up This PIow

Then when you getno the and along the edges
OF the field you elevate both bottoms the pow around
in ito own tracks Ike racing su back the pow into
and other places that inaccessible ordinary pow
This method OF away5 turning the urows the avoids
all dead fuuowa email advantage in places And is
pow c,oy operated the performs the work Of raising
the bottoms, making horse- plow Il has all the earmars
Of good workmanship that you expect find pow bearing
4 Peo trademark
The Ontario Argus. (Ontario, Or.) 1???-1947, 1920-02-12
Like a Racing Slllky
YOU can do a.lot Of things with P4O Two
Way Success Plow tha, you can't do with

any other KIND OF pIow.
When blowing on hillside you drive back and FORTH
first with the rgh-hand then with the lefthand plow
turning all the hrrows down the hill This also gives
the horses chance to walk in the plowed furrow and
on the unplowed ground alternately thus easing up
the horses
The Punta Gorda herald. [volume] (Punta Gorda, Fla.) 1893-1958, 1920-07-15
WAKING UP.

II Judging from comments of several
exchanges, Punta GCrda is not By any
means the only town or section that
has cause fer complaint as to the
manner in which it has been treated
by the state road department. Far
Their up the state they seem to be
waking up to the fact that Orlando
has been getting tie lions share Of
funds spent by the department in
that section, while down here Arcad-
ia seems to be favored and is getting
the lions share of benefit from state
read money.
The st. Petersburg Times says that
lit seems that other parts o. Florida
are just waking up to the fact that
Orlando and vicinity have been
getting the lions share of funds ex-
pended thus far through the state
road department. There may be
some good reason for the department
to eXpend money on fairly good roads
in that neighborhood when othnr
stretches such as that between ks
simmee and Melbourne are suffering
for lack of attention, but we don't
know what that reason is"
There may be SINE good reason
for spending many thousands of dol
lars in building that Arcadia Ber-
mont-Olga road through a wilderness
practically barren of human habita-
ton instead of spending the money
on the established road between here
and Arcadia, which would serve at
least 5000 people. but the only ap-
parent reason for its construction is
that it will help isolate Punta Gorda,
against which place a grudge is held
and it opens up vast acreage OF
land held by two or three owners.
Undoubtedly this road will be OF in
calcuahle value to these land owners,
as will be 1S-foot ditch from Ber-
mont TO the Lee cOurfy line, which,
it is said, is going to be dug
There is a growing conviction in
this section that unless tbs kind of
thing stops there must be a change
If tie state road department
The Punta Gorda herald. [volume] (Punta Gorda, Fla.) 1893-1958, 1920-07-15
EurODe'S Chaotic Peace,

The Polish ministry has issued an
alarmed appeal to the people to rally
to the defense against advancing
Bolshevik armies. Rumania is
mohilizing to support to endangered
anti-red forces in the Ukraine. The
famous Gordon sanitaire is undergo
ing a terrific strain. Everywhere are
wars and rumors of wars. Europe is
lat peace, but there is no peace. The
outlook is not roseate.
Americans cannot look upon the
situation in eastern Europe with I'M
concern. Sparks are flying far and
wide. The flame kindled six years
ago at Sarajevo made it clear that
our National roof is not fre-proofed
The deplorabl feature of the sit
uatiOn is that it might have been
ayerted. American adherence to the
treaty of Versailles and the league
covenant would have given those
documents an authority that would
nave been incontestable. Today the
allied powers are distracted from at
tending to the pressing business in
Russia and Poland by the necessity
of quarreling with Germany over
treaty terms. With America behind
the treaty there would have been no
quarrel. A united world would now
be compelling order and dealing with
Russia and Poland intelligently and
firmly.
Without America the league may
achieve success. 1t may conquer the
flames that spring up here and there.
But the strain upon the firemen is
terrific. America should help, not
alone to save our neighbors homes.
but to protect our Pittsburgh
Sun.