Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-12-01
DEVELOPMENT OF
FRUIT GROWING
Outlined at the Annual Meeting
of the Peninsula Horticul-
tural Society.

Thoroughness is the keynote of success
in commercial apple growing, declared
John II. Barclay, Cranbury, ". J. before
the afternoon session Of the Peninrula
Horticultural Society yesterday. In start.
ing an orchard attention should be paid
TO select on annual bearer, one that
makes barrels, and one that viii com~
mand u high price,
He especially recommended spraying
the apple tIees with an application Of
Scalecide OF lime sulphur TO eliminated the
scalo. Pruning and cultivation should
only DO carried on TO n moderate degree.
Fertilization, Mr.. Barclay declared TO
be one of the most important factors in
growing suocessful orchard
G. Hale Harrison, Of tho Harrison Muir
series, Berlin Md. spoke on "Ihe Varieties
of Fruits Recommended for the Delaware
aud Chesapeake Peninsula" The Yellow
Transparent and Williams Early red
applee be recommended for early sellers
as they are peculiarly adopted to the soil
of the peninsula The man who is plan
ing commercial orchard for profit should
plant those varieties whioh have the great
est number of good points and the least
number of defects. Tho orchardsts ahould
also bear iu mind TO plant those varieties
which are best adapted to bis particular
soil conditions and those varieties which
tho carload buyer demands.
Edward J. Cetel, city statisticisn
Philadelphia, was the principal speaker
at the evening session He took es his
theme Optimism. He urged increased
development as cure for present de
preston In Americas power 10 work
and produce laws the greatest safeguard
Of our institutions. Going back a number
ii l., -
Of disadvantages the farmer had to labor
under. He praised the Federal Reserve
Bank System put into effect in the last
eight years as the best banking svstem in
the world and said il resulted in aiding
the farmers TO a degree believed impossible
n few wears ago William u. White di-
reoted the singing which opened the eve
ming session. An illustrated talk on Land
scspe Gardening WAS given by Mira
Frances ' Kite of Philadelphia. Another
illustrated lecture under tho title Of
THE Rogues' Gallery" dealing with the
insects harmful 20 fruits WAS given by
Prof E. N Cory of the University of
Maryland
HANDLING l,a00-ACEE ORCHARD.
Handling a ThouBand-Acre Orchard
in Delaware was the subject Of A. n.
Browns address In reality, Mr.. Brown
Is managing 400 acres Of orchard
100 ot which has just come in bearing,
and his company is plsntlngilo0 acres 70
200 acres year, additional The orchards
are located in Sussex county and in
Wocceter county. Maryland. Ninety
five Per cent of the paintings are apple.
Mr.. Brown states that q tree hos an
individuality which the successful grower
4 r.. Al ,Nel
proposition differs from other buginefE
errerprses because of the perishable
character of the produot-the intricaoies
Of tho weather, the many destructive in
sects and fungus diseases, the sensitive
ness Of tree and fruit to conditions and
environment. A program Of management
~ the orchard or policy not prepared 70
meet these ever-varying conditions and
the intensely exscting needs Of tree and
fruit must and will fail Happily. he
SAYS, "present-day knowledge and the
advance in agricultural science and pfac-
tice makes il possible FOR the farmer 10
minimize these adverse conditions and pt
the same time secure tho maximum of his
efforts out OF the favored conditions with
which he may be blessed"
He states theirs ~ syndicate propo-
sition. Il is stock company. Of course,
but not corporation, The investors have
put their money into the orchards as
they would invest on the stock market
Dividends il what they demand-they
will not accept an apology for failure
Their manager is clothed with almost
unlimited powers Every recourse for
success is given him. and only the inter
vention of Providence win excuse the
final results. To handle an orchard
proposition Of this character and meet the
requirements of the syndicate three things
in management arc necessary which are,
first. organization; second, efficient or
ganiKation, third, resultful organization
The organization consists OF the general
manager foreman on each orchard and
the laborers The manager formulates
the policy, employs the labor, fixes the
wage rate purchases all supplies, directs
all movements, sells all the products and
keeps directing oversight OF the property
The foreman carries out directions OF the
manager, keeps the time, makes up the
payroll and work done each day on blanks
furnished him for the purpose. He is
paid weekly wage, has house rent and
firewood free and food for so chickens, two
hogs and one cow The laborers are paid
by the hour, given house rent and fuel
free, the privilege of keeping chickens
and hogs and oil are given vegetable
garden Workmen that are capable of
running tractors and spray rigs are paid
more per hour than those not qualified
for such work Mr.. Brown states that
il is a fixed policy 10 court the most cordial
relations between manager, foreman and
laborers. Bv SO doing he secures team
work and by team work only Is efficient
and resultful organization possible. He
has % families living on the orchards,
which gives him a regular equipment OF 80
men. When needed he calls In outside
labor. The highest number employed at
a gwen time was 1877 men and women.
He looks after the families of bis work
man, seeing that their homes are com
Portable and sanitary, that the children
attend school; that they are properly
clothed and have good food; he discusses
proper foods with the wives and mothers Of
the workmen and encourages habits Of
thrift among them in order to impress
them that they are part of the syndicate
and members Of the big orchard family.
This policy has given him good labor and
there was no shortage Of labor with him
during the war period.
Mr.. Brown says he has ideals, but these
must be based on fundamentals that
to succeed he must recognize the in
dividuality of the tree and place it in an
environment conducive to its best de-
yelopment. He declares that his policy
is forceful, progressive and aggressive
that no doubtful vaeillating policy can
be entertained He says the syndicate
demands results-resllts in cash, not
in nraise or blue ribbons but cash-divi-