The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1920-10-22

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Lions to the Council and Assembly
/ in disputes referred to it by them
IN compliance with the provisions
lof this Article committee of twelve
jafists of international reputation wa:
appointed at the second session OF thu
Council of the League of Nations, hell
at London, February 9, 1920 Mr. Eli
hu Root, Secretary of State in Presi
dent Roosevelt's Cabinet, was one ol
these jurists selected to draft a econ,
ganizationl for the establishment oi
this International tribunal Mr. Roof
did not represent the United States
officially, as this country is not yet q
member of the League.
a plan devised and agreed upon bs
this committee, was approved by the
Council at its sixth session at San
Sebastian. After the plan has been ap-
proved by the League Assembly. the
Court will be set up at the Hague.
Article Is Provides for the
settlement by Cancellation (by
the Council or Assembly Of
the League) of disputes which
cannot be settled by diplo-
macy and which are not formally
submitted to a court of arbitration,
If the Council fails to settle the dis
pute it snail publish a report Of it's
findings as to the facts together
with its recommendations. The
members of the League agree not
ito go to war with any party to the
dispute which complies with the
recommendations of the Council.
If the Council finds that the mat
ter in dispute is a domestic one it
viii SO report and make no recon-
nendation of settlement. If the
Council reaches a unanimous a.
greelnent on the dispute and fails
TO get the assent Of either or both
parties to the dispute, it may take
such action as it considers neces-
sary to maintain right and justice.
Provision is made for the Council
to refer disputes to the Assembly,
but the findings must have a major
.ity of the Assembly in addition to
the members who are represented
III the Council.
Article To- Provides that any
member Of the League which goes
to war without first having recourse
to the means of peaceful settlement
afforded by Articles u, 13, or Is,
shall be deemed to have committed
an act of war against all other
members Of the League, and pro-
vides for a boycott Of the offending
nations, as follows: The nations In
the League to sever all trade and
financial relations with the offend
er, to stop all intercourse between
the people Of the offending nations
and the people Of the othG League
nations and prevent all financial,
commercial or personal intercourse
between the treaty breaking ma
lions and the people Of any other
nation, whether a member Of the
League or not. The Council will
recommend what forces shall be
used and the members. agree to sup
port one another in the measures
taken to uphold the agreements Of
the League; the offending nation
to be expelled from the League.
The nation which violated the Gov
enant would be completely cut off from
every other nation in the world It
could not borr6w money, buy arms or
munitions or fuel or food or clothing;
no ship could enter ore1eave its ports;
no person could enter or leave it's
territoryi it could neither send nor
receive letters or kilograms beyond
its borders.
tt cannot be said too plainly that
although we assume certain obliga-
tions by Joining the League, the
when and the how of those obli-
cations are lunder the League just as
they are now) up to Congress to de-.
termine.
Article 17:-Provides for set
tling disputes between members of
the League and non-members; and,
when both parties are non-mem-
bers, first by inviting the non-mem-
Der Cor non-members) to join the
League. Ii a non-member state re-
fuses to join tie League (ahd ac-
eept the obligation of membership
and makes war on a member of the.
League, the Council will take ac-
tion as provided in Article Is. If
both parties refuse to accept MEM
the Council may recommend
such action rs will prevent war and
settle the dispute.