The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1920-01-02
Foreign Affairs.

While the treaty was being negoti-
ated conditions remained very I'M
settled not only In the territory which
had been included in the four defeated
nations hut throughout Europe. Rus
STA continued in a state Of turmoil
throughout the year. Although the
bolsheviSt government under the direc-
ton Of Lenin and Trotzky maintained
Its control over a large part OF the
former empire II was hemmed in on
all sides by opposing groups which
attacked 1t with varying success. The
newly constituted nation OF Poland
was beSet for Il time on all sides. but
1t. too, succeeded in weathering the
storm and had established a stable
government before many months had
passed.
Failure TO reach a settlement Of the
Fiume question continually threatened
an armed conflict between the Italians
and the new Jugo-Slav state. Serious
conditions existed In Hungary both be-
cause of internal disorders and be-
OF clashes with Roumania and
"'i' '"V hRN ~ E'NSI IiHtiit-
In Germany a split non the Ger
man socialist leaders resulted on Janu-
airy Z in serious street fighting. The
government was seriously threatened.
but or January 9 It's troops in Berlin
REINFORCED and regained control
of the situation. On January l6 DR..
Carl Liebknecht, leader Of the Spar
tncanS. or antigovernment faction. was
killed while attempting to escape after
arrest in Berlin. His companion. Rosa
Luxembourg, long known as a radical
leader both in Germany md Russia.
was killed by a mob. Disorders in
Germany were suppressed and on jan
nary 10 the people elected a national
assembly. the majority socialists led
by Chancellor Ebert retaining control.
The assembly met a Weimar on Janu-
airy 6 and on February II elected
Chancellor Ebert as first president OF
the German republic. after adopting a
provisional constitution. In Poland
opposing factions reached an agree
ment on January II whereby Ignace
Jan Paderewski became premier. with
General Pilsudski as foreign minister
and NJ. Demoski rs president.
Opposition to Japanese control had
been developing rapidly In Korea and
on March Il Korean nationaiists Is
sued a declaration Of independence.
declaring themselves ready to flight TO
the last drop Of blood" Serious disor-
lers also were reported in Egypt in
support Of the nationalist demand for
autonomy and on March 25 the Brit
ish secretary for war. Mr.. Churchill.
admitted that the whole of Egypt was
virtually In a state Of insurrectiOn.
On March 16 n new Germano-Austrian
government vas established at Vienna
with Doctor Renner as chancellor.
Count Karolyi had been made presi-
dent Of the new Hungarian republic on
January II. hut on March % he was
! forced to resign and there was consti-
tuted q new government which pro
claimed a dictatorship OF the prole-
! fariat and an alliance with the Rus
| sian soviet government.
A ministerial crisis nrose In Italy as
q result Of the governments policy In
| connection with the peace conference.
AS a result the ministry OF Premier
Orlando was Unexpectedly over
| thrown on June 10 and two days later
francesca Nittt. former minister Of
| finance. became premier Of Italy. At
| the same time the German cabinet re
signed because of the determination Of
Chancellor Scheidemann not to recog-
| nize the peace terms offered by the
| allies. Gustav Adolph Bauer. former
minister of labor. was appointed chan
| cellor by President Ebert and formed
q new cabinet. A clash between the
new German government and the allies
was threatened on June Fl when the
| German feet which had been informed
IN British waters undeo the armistice
was scuttled ny German crews. twenty
battleships and cruisers being sunk.
On August ! Bella Kun. who for four
| or five months had been dictator In
| Hungary, was compelled to retire when