davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1920-01-06
10000 REDS
ORGANIZED To
OVERTHROW US.
Evidence Revealed at In
quiry by New York
Legislators

WASHINGTON. Jan. e. Congress
was asked today by the labor depart.
mcnt for a special fund Of 81 1909. 900
for the enforcement OF laws against
radicals and SibO.OOO for their de-
I0rtation.
NEW YORK, Jan. 6.--Morc than
10000 allen enemies In the com
munist party OF New York state alone
are openly organized Tor violent over
throw of the government under the
direction Of BolsheVik leaders In Rus
ria. Senator clayton Il. Lusk, chair
man Of the legislative committee in
Nestigating seditious activities declGr-
c1 today. In addition there are the
communist labor party and other
revolutionary organizations working
actively to accomplish the same ends
- well us many other bodies which
encourage their activities without par
ticipnting openly In them. the senator
s.id
"Thc arrests already made In the
state ON the charge Of criminal an
nrchy and for deportation hardly
scratch the surface Of the situation" b"
said the senator
These organizations have been
Permitted to reach such proportions
that the only way they can be de-
s.roycd is for loyal citizens in each
community 90 organize and cooper
ate with the federal and local au-
thoritics In uncoycring and prosocut-
ilE these traitors"
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1920-01-06

r,r hour. o: prevailing direction.
w,.t. character of the day cloudy
state weather.
\rU McNiro. Fair boz south,
,r.Iably snow in north portion to-
r.rr and wednesday; warmer iu-
ulrIH boo southeast portion; colder
Wednesday.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1920-01-06
Weather
AT THE UNIVERSITY or NEw
MEXICO. ALBUQUERQUE
For "a Hours Ending a. m

Highest tenn
pCruturC q a.
low ost temp
CruturC q, 81
daily range ul
temperature lt'
mean daily ten
pcruturc 60 aN
relative humid
10y q p M 81
Ia tiN e. hu'
mIdity g g. M
Sc: proCipiti
tiuu. uouci uHN
iuuu NcloCiti
..
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1920-01-06
METAL MARKETS.

NEW YORK. Jan. 6.--Bar silver
si.ath.
Copper steady. clCCtrolyiic spot
and first quarter. i9h Gt9Ac; sec
ond quarter. i9A @2Oc.
Iron steady and unchanged.
Anthony, 1857 y.
Lead nominai.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1920-01-06
STEER PRICES

Chicago. cholco. sIs.5sa so .oo;
nlsdlun. sii.0ousis.ls. Receipts.
10000.
Kansas city. tis.es0siasO. re
ceipta 1900.
Denver. ,arass) siO.soasiaoO.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18
GAMBLER PLUNGES
TEN FLOORS TO HIS DEA TIL
Retired Banker Falls From Office Window on Lower
Broadway While Photographng City Hall.

good picture of the tower OF the CITY
Hall when it was lighted at night.
They also said he had been subject 70
attacks of vertigo. and 1t is presumed
that he had such an attack last night
while preparing his camera for the
picture.
Gambler was we'll known in banking
circles. Before being connected with
the Atlantic National Bank he was
cashier of the old Merchants Exchange
National Bank. He retired from active
business about two years ago and
since then he cared for his business in =
terests from his offices in the HON.
Life Building. and pursued his hobby
of photography. He was about 90
years old.
In 1910 Mr.. Gambler married Miss
Edith Russell Of Atlanta. but they had
been separated several years. In 1911
Gambler brought suit for annulment.
His wife responded with a suit for
separation. claiming that ne had kissed
her only a few times since their mar
riage.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18
ENRIGHT ORGANIZES MOTOR SQUAD;
FIFTH A We. ARAlLNG AGAINST GUNlNEN
Police Try to Link Lieut.. Horizons Slayer
With Murder of Fifth Avenue Jeweller

THE Police last night
Thursday afternoon of Joseph Loresch the
mobile bandit who killed Police Lieutenant Floyd Horton and
himself the policeman, the
been of the three who held killed Edwin
and stole jewely worth 100000 from the offices Winston
Andrews a Fifth and Forty-ffth street
According to the police Loresch descrip-
ton of Of the Fifth bandits by
them unusual coincidence
the face of Loresch shown photographs the
detectives covered with pmpes exactly the
the bandits who killed Andrews and bakacked three
before they escaped with the jewely In build color
hair and other details Loresch fits the description
three bandits.
could night police
ceedd finding where Loreh Thursday
that his brother Nicholas who said by the police
made of the Horton
toned along these lines and that other Investigations
made.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18
US. MAY RECALL
RHINELAND FORCE
Expense on Germany Of Pres
ent Occupation Force Be-
fore Reparations Body.
BERLIN PLEADS ECONOMY
Suggests Payment Of Indem-
nifty in Delivery of Goods
and in Services.
BERLIN PLEADS ECONOMY
BIZ the Associated Press

BRUSSELS, Dec 1T.-Definite progress
cial conference toward solution of
the reparations problem, and out of
the discussion grew the suggestion
that the American troops might pos
sibly be recalled from the Rhineland.
The possibility of American with
drawal from the occupied area de-
veloped out of the German request
that a military commission be ap-
pointed to try to reduce expenses Of
the occupation armies. American with
drawal was not specifically mentioned.
but all the delegations had in mind
the fact that the American troops re-
quired several times the maintenance
of the soldiers OF other nations patrol
ling the Rhine.
Concrete proposals Tor reparations
payments made by the Germans thus
far were examined by the allied experts
In the absence OF the German repre-
sentatives. Some OF these propositions
were agreed upon as likely TO be ac-
ceptable to the allied governments
The exact nature OF these plans was
kept secret. but in general they concern
reparations by deliveries OF goods and
the rendering OF services. The Germans
have said frankly they are ready to
make heavy deliveries IL details are
agreed upon. explaining II would be i'm
possible to pay a cash indemnity with
out heavy foreign credits and a great
Improvement of Germany's financial
situation Is beyond the hopes of her
delegates.
Slgmund Bergman. one OF the Ger
man delegates, distinguished between
cash payments and deliveries of goods
and explained the difficulties in the
way OF making large payments un-
less. as he put It. Germany was aided
by credit operations on n large scale"
In explaining his assertion that Ger
many was already doing more than
the public and even the allied gov
ernments realized, he said the allied
armies of occupation had already been
paid $500. 10000 marks, and that the
amount probably would reach 1900
600 900 marks by tho end OF next June.
this figure representing only part OF
the cost Of the forces Of occupation.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18
FRANCE PREPARED
TO ACCEPT GOODS
Premier Says Government
Asks Only Payment.

PARIS, Dec. 17.-Premier Leysues
replying to-day to an Interpolation In
the Chamber OF Deputies concerning
disarmament and reparations. said:
THE French representatives at Brus-
sells have been given clear and concise
instructions. France is not desirous
OF compelling Germany to pay her repa-
rations In gold marks. France asks only
tho execution of the peace treaty within
reasonable limits. Whether Germany's 8
debt Is paid in gold or goods matters
not, so long as the debt Is paid.
I'VE do not wish France TO appear be.
fore the world as a nation which abuses
its strength. Propaganda is'going on,
especially in the United states. 10 pic
ture France as a militarist and im-
perialist Power. Against such propa-
ganda France must reply by opposing q
clear and conciliating attitude"
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18
VICTIM OF HOLDUP
DEAD; ONETDYING
Motor Salesman MOrtally Shot
Early in Evening, Although
He Had Only 50.
ROBBED IN TAXI IN PARK
Doctors Wife Lured to Wait
ing Thugs-COurt Safe
Is Blown.

A murder and holdup in which the
his victim, a safe cracking in the
Seventh District Municipal Court in
125th street and the robbery of mes
senger in Long Island City were added
yesterday to New York's long list Of
crimes.
Last night, as climax to q day in
which civilians walked the streets in
veritable terror, Mrs. Thomas Edgar of
766 West End avenue. wife OF physi-
clan. became the victim of a daring
highway robbery in Central Park
While riding in a taxicab she was
suddenly whisked UP a byroad from
the West Drive and stripped Of be-
tween $500 and $4,000 worth OF
jewels
The man an Italian, who was killed
during the day could not be identified
He was found lying on the sidewalk in
front of 300 East 107th street with five
bullet wounds in his body. A. Carl
veteran OF the aviation service. was at
tackled on Fort George Hill, near ls5th
street. He Will die.
Tiederman, whose home is at 23j0
Davidson avenue, The Bronx. was walk
ing from his sisters home to the Dyck-
man street subway station at o'clock
last night when a man stepped out OF
the shadow OF the subway structure and
grabbed him.
"and I'll have to search you for a
gun"
Tiederman started to protest. swung
at the mans face and was shot before
he could land the blow
When Tiederman fell unconscious with
two wounds in his groin his assailant
fed and escaped.
To Detective Tiernan OF the West Six
ty-eighth street station, Mrs. Edgar said
she was on her way 20 a dinner dance
at the Hotel Commodore. and was riding
in cab her husband hired at Broad
way and Ninety-seventh street. The
chauffeur drove through Ninety-sixth
street TO the park. and then south along
the west drive to about Eightieth street.
There he abruptly turned TO the left.
Then, as II In receipt OF signal, two
men, both armed. leaped from a clump
of bushes and covered her with pistols.
Everything you got. lady" said one
From hcr fingers they tore an engage
ment ring and dinner ring. They took
a pair Of diamond earrings worth s2.so0
from her ears and tourquoise ring
from her hand bag They left her we'd
ding ring after she begged them for &
Their search for valuables included an
inspection OF her stockings and hcr
waist
Mrs Edgar wandered dazed around
the park after the bandits ieaped into a
taxlcab and threw her out Pasersby
who found her took her 90 the Majestic
Hotel
The Municipal safe robbery amounted
10 only 5000. though Il was thought at
arst many thousands OF dollars In rent
moneys deposited with court clerks In
rent cases had been lost Most OF tho
losa was In Liberty bonds and jewels
belonging 10 John Burns. Chief Clerk
A pass key was used by the burglars, It
IT, believed.
Samuel VALE o. $50 Tenth avenue.
messenger for the Bayer-Gardner-Hl -HlneD
Company OF So Sunswick street, Long
Island city. vas robbed OF an $500 pay
roll near the company's plant.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18

Edward V. Gambler of Summit, N. j.
former vice-president of the Atlantic
National Bank, fell from the window
of his office on the tenth floor of the
Home Life Building. at 256 Broadway,
last night about s o'clock and was
instantly killed.
William Ogden. a special officer Of
the building. who was on the sidewalk,
narrowly missed being struck by Mr..
Gamblers body He escaped injury
because he heard Mr.. Gambler strike
a flag pole in front OF the building and
looked UP in time to dodge to safety.
Patrolman Van Pelt of the Beach
street station, who was notified by
Ogden, and Robert King, superintend-
ent Of the building. found in Gamblers
office a chair placed on the window
ledge, with book on the chair and a
camera. with the lens exposed for a
time exposure. on the book
Gambler for many years was we'll
known amateur photographer, and his
friends said last night that for some
time he had been trying to obtain a
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18
p. LORfLLARD BARBEY'S
TUXEDO HOME BURNS
$500, 900 Loss Includes Costly
Works of Art.

Special Despatch 10 THE NEW yosK HnsArp.
TUXEDO PARK. N. Y, Dec. 1.-THE
cottage of Pierre Lorillard Barley, on
the west side OF Tuxedo Lake, burned
tonight. The loss. which includes much
costly furniture, tapestries and works of
art, is estimated at 100000.
The Barley family closed the cottage
several months ago and went to Palm
Beach.
Mr.. Barley is nephew of the late
Pierre Lorillard. founder Of the Tuxedo
Park colony. He is the son of the late
Henry l. Barley and a grandson Of
Peter Iorillard.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18
NEBRASKA SENDS FOR n
BOSTON EXECUTIONER
Death of TWo Slayers Delayed
Until His Arrival.

LINCOLN. Neb.. Dec. f7.--Alsor =.
Cole and Allan Vincent Grammer. How
ard county stayers. will die in the cleo
t-ic chair Monday unless the state
Supreme Court giants the writ OF error
filed by J. NJ. Priest. attorney for Cole
Gov. McKclvle announced to-day that an
executioner from Boston had been sent
for, and that he would not interfere
by granting the condemned men another
reprieve.
Tho men were TO have been put to
death to-day. but no executioner could
be found in the State.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18
KILLED n, ~oLDING BED.

ROCHESTER, Dee 17.--Frank Hurd. "a.
died in a hospital here to-day from in
turtles received yesterday morning when
the folding bed on which he was sleep
ing closed up.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18

Xmas Cards. distinctive, In great variety. Cal.
endars by the Worlds best painters. Corlies,
Macy q Co., 7 n. <5th Ht.-.0 John Ht.-Adp.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18
Robbery Not the Motive.

According 20 the story told BY the
prisoners 10 Inspector Coughiin. Lieut.
John Dafenghlar. In charge Of the de-
tectlves at the West 1924 street station,
and Benedict Dineen, Assistant District
Attorney, In charge Of the homicide bu-
reau of the District Attorneys Office.
at police headquarters late yesterday, Il
was not robbery that prompted the visit
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18
Dnerfcot rarm snu.ase-Nor.

Try them and you'll see the difference
Famous for flavor and quality. Have sonlc
Tor breakfast tomorrow. Pe-kages wrapped
in parchmsnt.--Adr
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18

Pinehurst, n. C.--Cioif and all other sports.
Many championship events. Thru Pullman,
Psnn, 2:os r, ~, daily.-Adr.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18

Christmas shoppsrs lose many packages.
GERALD Lost and Found" Ads. bring them
yack. Call Fitz Roy 600O.-Adu.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18

Continued on Second Page.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18

Contins ed on Second Page.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18

Contlnned on Third pace.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-12-18
sbearn Argue. for Leniency.

Continued on Seventh Page.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
BLUEBEARDS

EpCHAD HURT that his wives welded defauded deredn gently
 England
  killed hn and buried them All these killed Cheir vicms interesting than the de Rais He was born in 140 and
 The crimes for which he But also his fnces invariably appeared at his superstition Ages
 His idea devH
 The clothing poheer will to dress well If Edwards can't platform he might be satisfied to furnish a Perhaps the movie issuing
 
 The ol killer booegger excellent
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
e,ssEE PRESBYTERIAN

Sunday school at 9:45 a. m' Puonc worship at II a. m. Theme ot ser, mon, Faith and Common sense Union open air service in the Cit! Dark at 7:30. If the weather sl uh- favorable to an open air meeting' the sarvice will be held in the Methodlst o,,urcb Union Vacation Bible school opens in the Baptist church Mouoas July 18th. at 9 a. m. Pupls Silo"u he on hand early for enrolment. oniS those enrolled can be granteu 'nr snecial recreational privileges. Al, children between the ages or | ai.u IA wears are welcome. Meeting III tbe Y. M. c. A. building Monday "u'' 10th at 7:SO D. m. to arrange TOT q Sunday school convention.
 JOHN c. E. FRY, Pastor.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
REST AND QUIET

NOV inc and confusion or the city, a
 insects hum buzz r and click coak! -
 A small dog yeps yawls "wuf! wuff!"
 A big bark moon times e
 A windmill
 A rooster The frstcr
 Wlh daylight the ducks neghng gruning pigs heep While eaiyrng ~ IVY ~ The point that becomes while unusual noises disturbing The noiest a is at crowded resort
 ee are plenty or persons with ueu one such wrote He wishes to he building ~ ~
 don want the had last annex" m Kind
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH

9:45 a. m., Sunday school.
 11.Oe a. m., Morning worship oei mon "Alone with Jesus" by pastor 4:3O D. m, Junior B. Y, r. U:
 e15 n. m., Senior B. Y. r. U.
 7:3O D. m.. Union services at ci'S mark Rev. Fry will speak
 7:3O D. m., Wednesday eVehihs' Prayer service. Continuation Of the subiect. Why I believe the Bloie Is inc Word of God"
 Thursday Afternoon ., 900 D. m., Ladies Missionary Al" Society will meet. 7.3O D m., Thursday evening" choir practice. Monday Beginning at 9:OO a. m. MonGay M at. morning at this church the Dai'! '" cation Bible school will open Tor d four weeks session. All children between the ages of and n arc urred to enroll early.
 CECIL T. BARNETT Pastor
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE)
 By the shippers and the railroads acting through local cars service coz. mittees, MT Willard expected it would not be necessary to prevent all move ment of building material and that material should be moved for high way repairs. maintenance and con struction of essential connecting road links. Such transportation, he antic- ipated. could be had on the return movement of the open top equipment to the mines.
 The other witnesses in their tes- timony pointed to the necessity of rushing coal to northern states. while lake transportation was available. Mir. Willard described the coal move ment to that territory as the most disturbing problem" at present, as serting that 25,0OO.000 tons must be moved by way of the Great Lakes be- fore the close of navigation.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11

mShu TOT tomorrow
 BREAKFAST Blackberries cooked cereal, baking powder bis, cult. coffee.
 LUNCHEON Tomato sand wiches. fancy rice pudding, tea DINNER Lamb stew and dump lings, boiled summer squash, lettuce salad, cherry pie. coffee. My Own Recipes When the dumplings are served with meat, it is not necessary to have two vegetables with a salad. Summer squash is better to boil than to bake. The skin should be very thin and tender, and the squash is ! self should be young.
 TOMATO SANDWICHES
 White bread Cream cheese
 Anchoyy paste Tomatoes Mayonnaise Cut bread one-fourth inch thick. l Spread very sparingly with anchovy paste. Auu Inln layer OI cneeSe. slice of tomato the size of the bread. Spread with mayonnaise and top with a buttered piece of bread. | As these sandwiches are rather thick, they are nicer to eat if serv- ed OH a plate with Q fork.
 FANCY RICE PUDDING | 8 tablespoons rice
 3 cups milk | 2 eggs
 12 tablespoons sugar
 1-4 teaspoon lemon extract , tart apples 1 1-2 cup raisins Currant jelly 1 tablespoons powdered sugar
 Boil rice in salted water for 30 minutes. Add milk, yolk of eggs sugar. raisins and lemon extract Pare apples and remove cores from 1 the stem end The blossom end of the apples must not be broken. Ar range in a buttered baking dish Pour rice custard around but not i covering apples. Bake in moder ate oven for 50 or 60 minutes. Wher
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
METHODIST EPISCOPAL

Sunday school, 9:45 a. m. Public worship, II a. m, "The Religion of the Heart" Junior League, o'clock Senior League at p. m. At 7:3O Union services in the City Park; song service led by Rev Matthes. Sermon by Rev. J. E. Fry, pastor of the Pres byterian church. In case of rain this service will be held in the Methodist church. Prayer meeting. Wednesday, 7:30 D. m, subject, Mexico" At S:15 Teachers Training class.
 c. w. HARSHMAN, Pastor.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
Says Ruhr Miners
 Will Stop Work

CONTINUED FROM PAGE oNE0 dictated by an unwarranted senti- ment.
 "The reparations commission is now demanding 29,O00, 900 tons per annum. It is impossible to comply. The Ruhr output in May was 220,000 tons per day. It has now reached 2S5,000 tons, this on the basis of three hundred working days per annum.
 "The Ruhr proprietors have been trying to increase the output by draw ing more workmen into the Ruhr. The workers. however, demand a six hour day, but in order 10 provide the French with supplies the men have agreed to work eight hours and ten minutes, subject to being paid double rates for the extra two hours.
 The employers are endeavoring to arrange that the men should work an extra hour and half. but overtime cannot bc forced upon the workmen. The one million tons now being sup piled arc only made possible by over time The state of the workingmen health makes additional effort on their part very difficult.
 TT recognize that Germany may Tear to. pre6ipitate occupation of the Ruhr which would result, were the allied demand not complied with.
 ''I think that if black troops as the instrument of public authority are used the feeling of every white man will recoil and the allies get no coal. Immigration of workmen into the Ruhr would suffer and the building of
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
REoReANlzED CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER DAY SAINTS

During July and August our meet ;ngs will be held iIf the Women's Club Building. Quality Hill.
 Sunday school, 9:45 a. m. Preach- ing. 11:OO a. m Subject Righteous ness" Quarterly business meetlls' 2::30 D. m Preaching, 7:3O D. m. SUD feet. Heaven, What Is It." Young Peoples Meeting, 6:15 p. m. Mldweek prayer service, Wednesday, 7:5o D. m A cordial welcome is extended to all F., R. DAVIS,
 Pastor.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
MEETING THE DEMAND

THE downNard
 ing to the who exaagant
 But there is fear that fully bad public m huge oerroducon unemployment line The thing points out 
 The be ducon nor mally and steadily
 of the recent past have been joyng the movements down the Ending the car age WI" Drlns food done Tn house building spells gougng everh
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
OWN YOUR HOME

an auction sale held recently the Bronx auctoned a o ~ eo pe pO The significant without exception purchasers ma investor
 marks things tho end e gouger rent Tn unheard
 want snug little he al
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
DR. MEL IS MISTAKEN

s"HE farmer (coecvel speaking produce getting
 Thus speaket Dr. federal savings deprme ~ The farmer according work hours day to at arung ages ' ' N-'A'Ne UT Ahel Is VoicnS what yknown bunk"
 The doesn't sunnort ms children He to any moro than the city works to support farmer
 lhe farmer food usually
 anu can better support his family
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
WARREN pREssYTERIAN

Sunday school 10:00 a. m. Preaching service 11:O0- a. m. Subject. "The Hidden Word" Evening worship 7:30 p. m. Subject, The Platform or Christianity" Rev. Ernest A Miners is preaching for us in the place or the Rev. Thos. A. Mitchell. who is taking his vacation We expect large attendance at both services.
 REV. THOS. A. MITCHELL, Pastor
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
FOR JUSTICE OF THE PEACE
 Precinct No 2

I hereby announce myself as a candi- date for the office of Justice of the Peace. Lowell. Precinct No. 3. Cochise County. subject to the endorsement of the Democratic party at the next pri- mary election. Sept. z. 1920 If elected | pledge myself to uphold the Constitution of the United States, the Constitution of Arizona: to administer law. equity and justice to all. Respectfully.
 c. N. BAKER
Bisbee daily review., 1920-07-11
MAKES ATHLETIC RECORD

: NEW WORK, July 10. ~ A new American record for the national decathlon competition-7022 points was established today in the Olympic tryouts by Brutus Hamilton Of the University of Missouri The former record of 6S5S was made by A. w Richards of Ogden, Utah, at San Francisco in 1915.