davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13

Juice. the new herbal stomach rem.
edy. in case of this kind, for one
has the benefit of some ones practi
cal experience.
Take. for instance. the statement
recently made by Rev. John A.
(Box l0-O. Norfolk. who has wide
acquaintance in this section of the
country. He says:
For the past Is or 90 years I hnds
been so bad with stomach trouble
that / could scarcely take the lightes,
Kind of food into my stomach; ! could
not sleep at night, and was so ncr-
rous that I would have to get up and
walk around: ] could not keen even
glass OF water on my stomach
had spent several hundred dollars
Trying 10 find some medicine that
"ouid relieve me. ! was simply dis
gustcd and discouraged when heard
OF your rant Juice through n friend
VINO mad been cured by it of a bad
case or stomach trouble. ]. has GER
fanny been blessing to me. as ii
mas restored me to perfect health;
now nave fine appetite, slcep well.
and my nerves are in spIendid CON
1ditfon; ] feel rested in tho morning
when get up and ready for work.
! cannot oVercstimate the true value
Iol rant Juice to me. There is moth
ing TO equal Plant Juice, and am
Siad TO have his opportunity OF
it to others who are
suhermg as ! was"
ouch words as these and those of
many others which have been printed
have wide influence. for tbcv cnn,a
from people of standing and inter-
Ely VINO have given Plant Juice n
iair triai and have been benefited
IhG rant Juice Man is at tho Ira
gre Drus COS store. in Richmond.
where nc Is daily meeting the local
pupi.S ana Introducing and explain
ZOE ,ne merits OF this remedy.
For sale In Petersburg by Morr,-
son, the Drug Man, and In rbaa.
my by the Chase City Drug CO.
Adv,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13
SOCIz. T 7

s, society hero and throughout the
state Is much interested in tho am
ro,ln made recently OF the en-
nt 80 Hnm or Miss Eugene G. pichon
M uenry Krosstadt. OF Washington.
Mlss Pichon is IL sister Of Mr.. and
MEs. Henry 7. Oxnard. OF Uppcrviilc
ana Washington. and has a great
many friends here. Western View
mo country estate OF the Oxnards in
virginia, Is one of the handsornest
homes In that section of the State.
~ the Chesterfield.
Mrs. Luther ii. Warren and her
daughter. Miss Lewis Warren, have
takrh an apartment ut the Chester
E EGlu here for the summer mouths.
Mrs. Warren and Miss Warren have
JUST returned TO Richmond after an
extended stay In the South.
AT the Womnn's Club.
baskets OF wild honeysucklc. lupin
ana lavender iris decorated the draw
ihE,rooms Of the Woman's Club yes
tcrday afternoon for the reception
gwen there in honor OF the wives and
iamiIics OF the members OF the State
bar association. in session here. Dog
wood and PM blossoms were used on
inc mantcis ana the same flowers
decorated the stage in the auditorium,
officers and members Of the club rc :
cclvcd the guests.
The guests were welcomed by tho
president OF the club. Miss May Moore.
ana Mrs Robert Nelson Pollard was
X.
ry wall, soloist. with james womblc
AT the piano. rendered n charming
musical program. which WAS most On :
Enthusiastically received by those pres
Cnt.
Mrs. Wall has beautiful mczzo-
soprano voice and rendered several
selections on the harp. accompanying
herself on tina, instruments She
iradc a radiant. charming figure and
her songs were all tremendously an
plaudcd.
The following program was rem
A"s'Iea's &"s~s w,;,$oiia' su SSsss%
so-,,. sa.r iIarn Solo. "
, song Mrs. Wall.
II ih% Time OF Roses Itc ni2GGE
Prominent Enlargement.
or interest here is the announce
hirnt made by Mrs. Charles II. Riley
of tho engagement OF her daughter,
MISS Helen Sidney Riley. TO r. Irving
Adams Miss Riley is tn" daughter
OF the late Or. Riley and is "a sister
If Mrs. George upshur Pope and Miss
Laura Y, Riley. Her brothers are
Major Charles W. Riley; Z; $. a., now
las Riley and Mr.. Ernest Il. Riley. or
New York. Mr.. Adams IN "a son OF the
lai" Mr. and Mrs. Orson Adams OF
Oak ii!il. Howard County. and is n
Adams. OF baltimore: Walter Adams.
OF New YORK; Charles Fra,-c!S Adams
OF Portland. ore, and Orson Adams
Jr. Of Colorado. Ills sisters are
MIS- ). MARYLAND Hamilton, Of Bal,i-
more. Mrs. T. u -. Myers. o. Rich
mond and Mrs. Henry Attcrbury. OF
summit. y. j.
IN. Wedding VIII take place the
middle OF June AT wye Heights. the
home on the We River Of James
Fletcher. Jr., AN uncle OF Miss Riley
Invitations VIII lac limited to the
Immediate families and "a few friends
Marriage Announced
Mrs and Mr.. Thomas ". Landers
announce the marriage OF their
daughter. Carrie. to Philip Ban
mister
The ceremony took place May 10 at
IN" Sacred Heart Cathedral, the Rev.
Father Eaup officiating.
jamestown Pilgrimage Todny.
The 3l3,h anniversary OF thctland-
ing Of the English colonists mt James
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13
RICHMOND TIMES DISPATCH: THURSDAY, MAY 49, 1920 =

Messrs. Henry Grant. ": y. Duke.
Bosquet Wcv. B!nford waifnrd and
Earl Humphrey. The Dance OF the
Allies" VIII be performed by Il uuin-
tettc OF charming pupils OF the school.
Christine Butler. N England: Willie
Collier. as America: berkeley Davis.
AS France; Nc;tic Gates, as Italy, and
Mary Stcarns. as Belgium.
over 100 OF the most talented
pupils are in the choruscs and dances.
The proceeds Will be used fop school
improY cmrnt
4 ndc rson- I.chnherr.
Cards have been received here an
nouncinr the marriage of Miss Min
ncre Emma Lchnherr. daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. Il. -. Lchnhcrr. ~
Arthur Edward Anderson. the cere-
mony having taken place on We'd
nesday. April IS. 1T Bend. oregon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Anderson Will be at
home after June 10 at 1904 Thiro
street. Bend. Oregon.
Cnrd Party Postponod.
owing to the absence from the cit 5.
of Mr.. and Mrs. 7. I:dwood Tragic.
the subscription card party To be given
by the Woman's club of Highland
Park at their home this evening. has
been postponed till the following
Thursday. Mrs Tragic is general
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13
AID IN CARING FOR
MOTHERS URGED BY MANY
Appeals Made for Attention That Lives of Thousands
of Women and Children Who Die Annually for
Lack of Treatment May Be Saved.

Mrs. Henry W Reyes. wl.c of IN.
Republican Senator from New II,mn
shire. declared that every objection
To the bills she had heard was mot
only silly and stupid. but wicked :,
There may he details in which /,
can be changed. sh" said. but ". ha,i
better pass IL than let American neg
lcci Of maternity go on as "A national
disgrace.
IT'S been pointed out to mo tina,
some unworthy women might 20.
saved. think any woman in the
world Is worth saving as much as n
hog. and we are spending 81. GOp. 0OO
year through the Federal Eoyern-
mcnt saving hogs.
Miss Anne Martin. introduced az :,
woman candidate for the Scnat. rom
Nevada. declared that 20. 900 babies
and 5000 mothers died last wear
and our government spent to pre-
vent u about Onc-fourth Of 81 600 600
This is undoubtedly the most ur
gent conservation and reconstruction
measure before the American pcopln
today" she added. only by instant
action can the United States advance
from !ts present shocking pOsition NJ
perhaps the most backward civilized
country in the world in neglect or
maternity and infancy"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13

bratcd everywhere throughout the
state today. The day will be OH
served in the schools. as well as In
many other celebrations and the his
tory Of the arrival of the three ships.
the Sustain Constance. the Godspccd
and the Discovery. under the somlnana
o! captain Christopher Newport. un-
London Company. will b. in the theme
Of many addresses. Mrs j. caskic
nahcll liz chairman OF publicity in
Kichnond and hcr committee includes;
liam e. bentley. Miss Evelyn Gordon
and Miss Elizabeth Wcddeli. who rep
resent the Association for the Prcs-r-
walton Of Virginia Antiquities.
The association will conduct its
usual pilgr!mage to jamestown today
in honor Of the anniversary Of the
day. the parties going by motor this
morning at 10 o'clock. Miss Frances
scott is chairman Of this committee.
and Mrs. Beverley 4. Crump.
IIohson- W IiInmson.
IN interesting wedding VIII take
place on June -. when John Kemp
liohson viii be married to Miss
Rowcna ora Williamson.
Tn. wedding viii take place "a, tho
home Of the bride in san Antonio.
Texas. and in September the couple
VIII sail TO the belgian Congo as mis-
Tvs w .tIlItd nlE. IippSDn nm
ish.d Union Seminary and Miss VIII
hanson graduated from the General
Assembly Training School Of the
Presbyterian Church on Monday
night. Mr. liohson is from poin,-of-
Rocks Md.
To Give Play.
Tonight at Binford Junior High
Schoo! auditorium, pupils OF tho
zeal play. America First or the
Gin and the Soldier" They Will pe
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13
Inv AssocIa,c1 pres.l

WASHINGTON. May i2.-Tcdcrai
maternity aid was frankly sponSorcc
before the Senate Public Health Com
mittec by several prominent women.
who urged adoption OF the bill pro-
scented by Senator sheppard. Demo-
crat. Texas. providing for an annual
appropriation OF si.O0D.0OO TO he spent
through the states In care and nurs-
Ing and education Of mothers and
children.
I'm here as a monument TO the
skill Of physicians who saved m.
from Kidney trouble with my mrs,
child" Mrs. Joscphus Daniels said
I'm here TO send UP "A cry for the
mothers OF the country. the women OF
America who oTcr their body and
blood for the children they brin. into
,hc world. They ask now for your
help"
Lack OF care. and lack Of cduca-
ton. she said. was causing the un-
necessary deaths OF hundreds or
mothers and infants.
You know the terrible percentage
OF those who could be saved" Mrs
banicla said And the mothers mus,
De saved. They are the center OF
homes and wc mus; have tho homes"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13
IN AND OUT OF TOWN.

. Miss Gladys Lea. OF Danvllc. and New
YORK. has been visiting IN Richmond.
Mrs. James ID. Glenn and Miss Alice
Glenn. OF Mart!nsvi'e are guests of Mr..
AID Mrs. Charles II. Watkins at their
home on West Grace Street.
Mrs William I,ranrh Porter has re-
turned TO Richmond. after spending
.,hl wc.hS with her parents IN Rocky
Mrs William Chencry has returned 10
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13

Lead a good healthy life
Learn a trade or get a
schooling
Get military training
Be with men from your
own home State
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13

chairman. Mrs. I. c. Sublctt. chat
man OF prizes and Mrs. j. q. Carter.
o. tables.
Bcnrnt ENTERTAINMENT.
On Friday evening at O'Clock an
entertainment will he given under
the auspices OF the Woman's Guild. at
X. L.. Lee school for the benefit OF st.
Marks Church. The comedians.
Messrs. thinchard and Freeman. Will
be lhe cM:ertnlncr9 OF iMc evening.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13

Accept California" Syrup Of Figs
on!y--iook for the name California
on the package, ;hcn you are sure
your child is having the les, an;.
mos; harmless physic for tho little
stomach. liver and bowels. Children
love ITS fruIty taste. Full directions
on each bottle. You must say Cali
fornia."-Adv
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13
A LOCAL MINISTER
GIVES STATEMENT.
Rev. John A. Cooper, II. II. No.
=, Norfolk, Suffered ID or 20
Years With Stomach
Trouble.
SPENT HUNDREDS DOLLARS
Now Has a Fine Appetite,
SLEEPS Good and Nerves Are
in Splendid Condition.

The best way to judge the benefit
OF anything ~ TO take the word OF
some one who has actually been
behented by 1t. There Is no theory
about the benefits derived from plan,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13

assisted by Mrs. Binrord walrord. az
the Girl. and Reynolds Racket, ns
the Soldier
Other leading roles viii be taken
5y Miss Helen Starkc. Miss E.f,tyic-
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13
MO,IEN,S MEETINGS

The Travellers A!d Society nf Virginia
WI hold Us annual meeting on Friday
IN" Jefferson Hotel. The meeting 4.
open 10 the public well as members
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13

Richmond. after, a visit to M.s. NJ. ID.
Hart, In Ashland.
Mrs. Seedlings. OF Boston. is tho guest
Franklin Street
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-05-13
Stomach ills

permanently disappear after drinking
me celebrated Shivar Mineral Water.
Insltireiy guaranteed by money back
oncr. TASTES fine: costs n trifle. De-
iMcrcu anywhere by our Richmond
dEehts. Spence Nunnamaker Co.
Phone them ADV
Cavalier County farmers press. (Langdon, N.D.) 1920-1921, 1920-11-11
MISTAKES ABOUT SEA WAVES
Really They Are Not Nearly as High
as Some Voyagers Have
Asserted.

Voyagers on stormy seas come safe
~ ashore and tell their friends of
waves that rose mountains high and
at times threatened to overwhelm the
vessel on which they braved the deep.
The unframed eyes of the amateur
seafarer generally e%xaggerate the
height of the waves, and when the
statement is made that the water rose
at least 100 feet above the vessel it is
seldom that any of the auditors can
diSprove it.
Exhaustive observations made by
scientists give the maximum height
attained by waves at not more than
sixty feet, and then only when the
wind has been of hurricane force. The
average height of waves in Il strong
gale is about thirty feet. in Il whole
gale about thirty-Scven feet. and in ii
storm about forty-tive feet. The scien-
fists further state that If waves travel
rs fast us the average velocity of the
strongest winds and if there be swift
er waves produced directly or Indirect
~ by action of the wind upon the sea
they do not attain sufficient height to
form noticeable breakers.
Cavalier County farmers press. (Langdon, N.D.) 1920-1921, 1920-11-11
Moros Skilled Iron Workers.

Bolos. huge, heavy and keen-edged
knives that are swung with both
hands or may be used for thrustine.
We're effective weapons used by FIJI,
iplno soldiers in their rebellion against
the United States at the expense of
American lives.
Their merits We're appreciated by
the Americans, and, at the advice
of Gen. Leonard Wood, were adopted
and are in use today as a supplement-
airy arm for the United States trooDs
in the Philippines.
The finest and most elaborate
boloS, of many different patterns and
shapes, are used by the Moros of Min
danao and the Sulu islands. who make
them themselves, The MoroS are
skilled workers in iron. although saw
ages. They know how to get the metal
from its ores, and the production of
good steel is no mystery to them.
They are said to have learned these
arts originally from the Arabs.
Cavalier County farmers press. (Langdon, N.D.) 1920-1921, 1920-11-11
COST OF HORSE BLEMIsHEs
Defects Cannot Always Be Prevented,
but Ore Bad Spot Will Prove
Expensive.

a horse market report from one of
the Western selling points says:
when present. blemishes take off I'D
To 500 or even more from the price Of
first-ratet animals of the same type"
Hlemi>hes can't always be prevented,
but it is good business to try to pre-
vent them. for, as can readily be seen,
one bad spot in the makeup of d
horse may mean the difference be-
tween profit and loss on him. Outside
of precautions to prevent injury the
only safeguard against blemishes is
to breed only sound mares to sound
stations. Sometimes Il colt viii be
CURLY or otherwise defective. in spite
of all that can be done to avoid such
Weaknesses, but that is no argument
against trying to produce only the
good ones.
Cavalier County farmers press. (Langdon, N.D.) 1920-1921, 1920-11-11
BIG BIz'S fSEUG0-REFUELIC SOON
RIPE FOR FARMER LABOR MOVEMENT

Truth compels the udmission-lnuch
as folk hate to do SO-that the United
States is one Of the best illustration.
If what real, unprecedented economists
would call a pseudu-republic in the
world today. Perhaps another term
equally as descriptive would be a neg
alive democracy.
The American government is nor in
any truly a popular democracy.
but merely Il mask for ]plutocracy,
under which the rich are the auto
cratic and irresponsible rulers. 1t is
clearly observable why they could not
in the very scheme of things be any
thing else. From the beginning of
the world the masses have been the
servants and subjects of the rich ::
under the feudul system, however, the
kings were above the rich in power.
constituting IL check OH their dominion.
But since he overthrow of the kings
there is no check at all left on the
power of the rich, who haughtily and
disdainfully tramp down the common
nan today,
After the destruction of feudalism
the people were nomlnnlly their own
n, s,r'". II I'ew nf The fact, however,
II I tlc " "",;,.nHI sovere,gns' were
Cavalier County farmers press. (Langdon, N.D.) 1920-1921, 1920-11-11
BANKERS BOAST OF
HOW They CONTROL
AMERICAN PAPERS
Special Privilege Press Merely
Echoes Sentiments of
the Money Power

Washington, d. C.-Do you think
he American Bankers association has
10 influence on public opinion in
America?
The report of its public relations
committee, made public at its convcn-
ion here, diScloSeS thar nearly Il hun
1red financial papers and writer's have
'eceived Il weekly news service from
t, this year, while more than $50 OF
he leading newspapers OF the country
a been supplied every two weeks
With bulletins containing news Of
banks and the association. The edi-
,ors have been exceptionally respon-
sive.'
And not merely the editors-con-
grCSS and the administration and all
he long line Of mc-t0n officials and
experts" and leading business men Of
Every small community have likewise
3een ''exceprionaIly responsive"
In his annual report, President Rich
ard S. Halves tells the banks that the
passage Of the Esch-Cummins trans
oortation act was Il great victory for
me investors. and that while farm
prices are falling, yet Increased pro-
1uction is not nearly so much q cause
for concern as is more economical
consumption. The orgy of foolish. eX-
Tavagant and speculative consumption
which has prevailed in the United
States, and is yet too largely evident,
must cease if we are to obtain !; per-
rAde."
That is to say. we farmers are living
90 well. and unless we get back to the
>tanGar'S OF 1891 we Will spoil the
:orei%n trade game.
Cavalier County farmers press. (Langdon, N.D.) 1920-1921, 1920-11-11
BEST AND EARLIEST
EARS FOR SEED CORN
Quite Practicable to Allow 1t to
Ripen on Plant.
Examine Grain Carefully, Removing
Any Worms Found and Then Fold
Back in Place and Tie With
Elastic Band or String.

The best way to secure homegrown
sweet corn seed, according to United
States department of agriculture spe-
cialists, is to allow it to ripen on the
plant, and, since a single ear will be
e enough for 4 small garden, it is
quite practicable to do this. Select the
best and earliest ears by stripping
down the husks to examine the grain
and to remove any worms that may be
found, and then carefully fold them
back and hold them in place by an
elastic band or Il string. Allow these
ears to ripen thoroughly on the stalk.
In the North it is often better to pull
and hang the plant where there will
be no danger from moisture, frost, or
even chilling until the seed is thor
oughly dry. All the ripe ears remain
ing at the end of the season in any
/ o of sweet corn should be harvested
Cavalier County farmers press. (Langdon, N.D.) 1920-1921, 1920-11-11
.iIIino the Che LtG

one .r,lndaN in the la. ali | took
my sweetheart 10 The country to call
on n of her cousins, who owned a
farm on which were some chestnut
trees. During the afternoon. we gath
cred chestnuts, filing everything that
would hold chestnuts, ever to nv
Overcont pockets.
That night we all drove to a neigh.
boring village to church. was hold.
ing my ~overcOat on my lap when the
audience arose during the praye
service. The preacher had Just begun
his prayer when Il noise like a Lewis
machine gun broke upon our ears.
In arising, | had taken hold of the
Overcoat, turning it upside down and
splitting the chestnuts, which rolled TO.
ward the pulpit amid the giggles of
the y0unger couples, and to my utter
horror. Is 1t any wonder | was after,
wards called "Chestnuts' in that com
munity ?-Chicago Tribune.
Cavalier County farmers press. (Langdon, N.D.) 1920-1921, 1920-11-11
Poison Gas 9orn by Accident.

Some years ago il disastrous fire
followed a chemical explosion ut
GfeiSlleim. near Frankfort-on-thc-
Main, in Germany.
Fire engines came rushing nm
but as they approached the men
were seen to fall from their seats.
Spectators running after them drop
ped as if shot, and meanwhile the
blaze increased, involving fresh
buildings, ana even crossing the
river into the village of Schwan-
helm.
What had happened WAS this:
The sudden mixture of watts of
different chemicals under intense
heat had filed the air with IL gaS of
so terribly poisonous Il nature that
those who came within its deadly in
lluenCe were SutTocHtcd at once. Fifty
one dead, and three ,iAe. f'!at num-
Der injured. was The r. f that
terrible fire. This ;icciG to the
use of poison gas in "; go.
Cavalier County farmers press. (Langdon, N.D.) 1920-1921, 1920-11-11
REMARKABLE RACE BY HORSE
castor, Morgan Gelding, Finishes Long
Endurance Contest With Clean
Speed Record.
NFepared y the United States Depart
ment of Agricultural

Ntepared y the United States Depart
ment of Agricultural
In a 3O0-mile endurance contest
win horses of the purest Arabian
breeding, Castor" a Morgan gelding
pred by the United States department
OF agriculture at its Mlddlebury, VT,
Morgan horse farm, was the only
horse with Il clean speed record at
the end of the fourth day of the
grueling contest. Castor VOL third
place for speed at the end of the con-
test, Notwithstanding the fact that he
tell IN the deep sand on a bad bit of
road, injured his nose, and made the
last five miles in a walk. This
achievement is an indication of what
mas been accomplished by the depart
lleht Of agriculture in the r~ehabilita-
ITO OF the Morgan breed during the
rev years since the work was under
taken.
Inc race was from Fort Ethan AL
len, Vt, to Camp Dcvens, Mass, large
~ over unimproved roads. The pur-
pose was to stimulate interest in the
breeding of cavalry mounts through
out the United States. A majority Of
the horses entered were Arabians.
one vas Il crossbrecd that had seen
overseas service and was the first
morse to pass successfully through
quarantine at Newport News. Two
were Morgans, bred at the depart
mont farm. The veteran of overseas
service, Bob" owned and ridden by
Colonel George, led the field at the
beginning OF the race. bat was taken
mi before the finish The TWO Arab
Cavalier County farmers press. (Langdon, N.D.) 1920-1921, 1920-11-11
SALAMANDERS OF GREAT SIZE
Proof That Species Long Extinct,
Sometimes Attained a Length of
Five Feet.

In Europe, some time ago, bones
were dug up Of some nevis which in
life had been about five feet long.
Every boy is familiar with nevis,
which he calls 'salamanders,'' COM
monty found in brooks and ponds. A
specimen five inches long is a big one.
But five feet-they must have been
monsters.
OF course these giant nevis we're of
long-eXtlnct species. 1t would have
been interesting to live in those days,
when so many queer monsters (mostly
OF aquatic habits) swarmed the earth.
They seem to have been among ma
lures earliest experiments, abandoned
later.
There were no mammals then; and
the suppositiOn is that all mammals
of today, including man, were origin
ally derived from a reptilian ancestry.
We cannot say for certain that this
queer reptile (Which lived about 7,OOO,-
600 years ago) was not actually an an
ceStor of u own.
1t was dug up in Texas, and has
been named D~imetrodon. About eight
feet long, the most curious thing about
it was the enormous fin it carried on
it's back-the ribs of the fin being a
series of bones extending from the YER
tebrae.
OF what use was this fin? Perhaps
it was merely ornamental. Or it may
be that it was a means of defense.