Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1920-06-08

F. Her. .H. MAN. ~
iomats and politicians. TheK will all
act IN behalf OF the interests of their
respective countries and they will
navo nothing judicial about them.
strip the League Of every clause which
involves the action Of political repre-
sentaeives in the Assembly and the
Councf and Q leave but one article
In which the diplomats Of the League
as such will have no power.
INA u the famous Article TO- Most
or the League covenant a prepared
.by Genera SHUTS, Of South Africa, but
Il 10 was the work Of the Presi-
dent OF the United States. 1t Is true
this article is tree from diplomats, but
1t rests entirely upon naked force. In
that way peace is to be preserved and
the nations freed from war by multi
plying the opportunities for the use of
force. Each Individual nation is
bound by Article x to go to war for
the protection of the territorial integ-
.rity 'and the political independence of
every. other nation in the world at the
time OF signature: that is, for the pro-
lection OF, States some of which are
not yet determined OF established. for
the protection OF BOUNDARIES which no
man define. We we're to give
such 4 guarantee and any of the
countries in the League IN the event
of'e1terior aggression could have de-
fnanded n armed assistance, and our
soldiers and sailors must then have
gone forth at the command of for
eitn countries unless we shattered all
hope Of world peace by breaking a
solemn moral obligation. The Re
publicans Of the Senate, no matter
what their future fate might be, were
determined that the covenant contain
ing that article unnfpdtfied should
never be ratified: IT became every
day clearer to them that the alliance
called a League of Nations. instead of
being a guarantee for the worlds
peace, was a breeder of war and an
enemy of peace. AS w studied it
and a majority Of Senators desired
have some League If possible which
should be a genuine League Of Peace
found that 1t dragged us not
only into every dispute and every war
in Europe and inSthe rest Of the world
but that our soldiers and sailors might
be forced to give their lives in quarrels
not their own at the bidding of for
eign Governments.
1t also appeared that our domestic
questions, like Immigration, colud be
interfered with, that the i]nterpreta-
ton of the Monroe doctrine was 10 be
left to the decision of the League, that
we were to ibe made participants in
the outrageous disposition of Shantung
which robbed a friendly nation and
the proceeds Of the robbery to
her worst enemy and hat finally we
were to have in the Assembly of the
League only. vote to Great Brit
aims Hx. These provisions were all
intolerable. Reservations were adopted
t0htNh roliavnH ITO f.nno n1,ar,y rh1icre-
ton under Article X, which took all
our domestic questions completely out
Of the jurisdiction of the League.
which once and for all placed the
Monroe doctrine beyond any interfer-
ence by Europe or any foreign Power.
and which refused mi assent to the
cruel wrong of Shantung. We also
made it impossible to subject the
United States to the proposed Unequal
tty in voting power, for we profound
~ believed tina the United States
OF the nations where her vote was not
equal to that of n other power
represented. Some of as were deeply
convinced that there ought to be no
League at all and hat absolute safety
could be obtained in no other way;
others OF US. more numerous, believed
that the reservations I have described
would protect the United States
against the perils Of the covenant If
We Joined the League. We were all
firmly united in our determination
a. the League as submitted by Mr..
Wilson aus never pass. We were
ALSO agreed that Mr.. Wilson's League
With What he called .irterhfetative
resarvattons," or, with, anything those
obedient to him approved, was just
as bad, Just ~ menacing as the origi-
nal. Twice we offered the President
and hts most faithful supporters an
opportunity to ratify the treaty with
reservations. Twice his followers,
obedaent to their orders, rejected the
treaty with the reservations 1 have
outlined.
A Veto Without Reason
The Republicans Of the Senate then
made another effort t put an end to
the state OF technical war with Ger
many and at the same time rid the
country Of those measures which were
adopte under the war powers OF the
Constitution and which are clearly un-
constitutional in time Of peace. They
would thus have relieved the business
and the daily occupations of the
people from the burden of wal legisla-
ton and at the same time have pre-
served to the United States under the
terms Of the resolution all benefits
AccruanS to the United States under
b provision of the treaty of Yer
sailles. This resolution was passed by
both branches Of Congress and vetoed
by he President in a message which
furnished neither argument nor rea-
son o the veto but which it must
be admitted had a pleasant touch of
humor in its alluston to the freedom
OF the seas. The house also passed
. resolution repeating all war legis-
lation with three exceptions. The
President vetoed it. His au~tocratic
Powers must not be disturbed.
There the story ends. We have
6opped Mr.. Wilson'S treaty and the
question goes to the people. In 1916
Mr.. Wilson won on the cry that t''he
had kept US out Of the war" He now