Evening star., 1920-01-18
LACK Of UNITY SEEN
IN LABOR AND CAPITAL
Continued from First Page)

Continued from First Page)
other ideas are everywhere springing
up. Let me tell little experience
| had not long ago, for it throws
vivid light on the whole problem of
the empowers attitude toward la bor.
| was waiting for a short time in the
reception room of one of the steel
plants at Gary. There happened TO
be four technical publications on the
table for waiting visitors to look over
So l looked them over. One of them
was a copy of System. another copy
sof Industrial Management. AS l read
my wonder grew. Right here in one
of Judge Gary's Offices was enough
of the dynamite of new ideas to blow
up his organization
Here l read of shop committees. CO.
operation with workers, the need OF
new kinds of management based upon
mutual understanding between en-
ployers and employees. Let me quote
many more:
Industry today is drudgery for the
average worker-perhaps the great
impulse toward Industrial democracy
is the desire to break the bonds of
irksome work and restore condition
where labor will be a pleasure and
LIT toll. In the face of this aspira-
ton, which has been working in in
duStry for century and has cut the
average working hours in two. what
reason.can support the demand that
We must work longer hours? The un-
answeEab!e argument is, 1T can't be
done.'i We cannot run counter to the
great forces operating in industry.
When ! read this and some other
things in these books l looked again
to jsee if they were not labor jour-
nails; and then l thought of running
out and calling in the secret service
officers. who then were engaged In
/raiding homes in Gary and capturing
revolutionary literature. j thought
Judge Gary. at least, ought to know
what was going on inside his Offices!
The publications l saw thus at ran
dom were expressions of great
movement within industry itself 10
improve human relationships Qulet-
ly but strongly in the last dozen
years has grown up a new interest IN
manageme of management.
a science of management-and new
profession, the specialist in Industrial
relationships, has come into existence.
These men are close to the problem
itself and really know the situa.iont
Financial and business heads OF great
corporations have often got very far
away from the human problems OF the
mills, but these men are trying 10 get
back again. They are the men most
responsible for production and for the
they are relatively low-paid men, es-
pecially in the great corporations.
Their true interests are often quite
different from those of the bankers
and capitalists who control the indus
try. One sometimes hears urged the
necessity. if we desire greater activity
and enterprise in industry, that CAPT
tai be better rewarded. There are
number of old ladies in town l know
who hold stock in the United States
them with five times the dividends
they now receive I suppose production
of steel at Pittsburgh would not be
greatly increased. But if you were to
reward the managers and the men
who are on the job no doubt there
would be an increase in production.
Hopes to Develop Field.
Here. in short, is a great new field,
full Of life and suggestiveness, which
hope to develop more completely in
other articles. There are at present
in both large and small industries
but mostly in 81 small hanaf,,9 fmdustr,es[ saneri
ments in human relationships between
owners managers and men: not only
the familiar collective bargaining be-
tween unions and employees. but many
other arrangements: inciualng the
ing, arbitration boards. and so on. No
one of them is "solution"-all of
them are hopeful experiments.
/ divided the labor movement in
America into three great groups; the
employers fall also into three groups:
% The conservative capitalists of
the Gary type in whom the old indi
vidualistic impulse is still very strong.
They are often men who represent,
as Gary does, the financial side of the
industry rather than the technical
side. They do not come closely into
contact with the human side OF the
labor problem.
(2) The great mass of employers.
railroads, and in many industries.
who accept the principle of labor or
ganization and who bargain collec-
lively. not because they like to
though many now think 1t the best
and easiest way out-but because they
must. Labor demands it and is strong
enough to enforce it's demand. Some
of the great Independent steel masters,
like . John ID. Rockefeller. jr.. have
come long way into the camp OF
CD A group J should call the radi-
Gals If there were not such a curse
upon the name. These are men OF the
new management-engine type,
scientific point of view. who want to
know the facts and are as much in
terested in the humn machine as in
the power plant or the dynamos. They
see in some kind of understanding
and cooperation between manage
ment and men the only solution of
industrial problems. They do not deal
with the men because they are forced
to. but because they want to- They
think harmonious relationships in
factory will produce more steel, shoes.
sugar than continual strife and sus-
picion. And a surprising number of
these men are trying to practice what
they believe: and some of their re-
suits are most interesting.
Copyright. 1920 by ~ Y Evening rost. lnc.)
(The next article by Mr.. Baker
The PubIic's Stand for Its Rights
will appear in The Star Tuesday next,
January 20)
uINuccr oAv NAV 1910