davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
HoNoRs WERE WITH BARNvM
Fellow Diner Who Thought to Have
Joke on Snowman Found the
Tables Turned.

Turning the Joke back on the other
fellow was great stunt for Barnum,
the circus king, and recalls an episode
Of his tour Of England.
One day he met a man named An
derson who was magician and billed
himself as "The Wizard Of the North" "
Anderson lured Barnum to 4 dinner
ut which both were strangers, and
thinking to have little fun, intro
duced Barnum to the assemblage as
"The Wizard of the North"
Not the least taken aback, Barnum
gracefully acknowledged the introduc-
ton, and bowling to the assemblage
said:
Ladies and gentlemen, as you know,
The Wizard Of the North gives his
first show Monday night and rs you
are now all my friends. would like to
have you accept passes to see the
opening performance" and he began
writing passes as fast as he could.
Anderson stood It as long as he
could. but finally, with visions of hav-
ing to do his first show to deadhead
audience, he finally weakened and con-
fessed.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
Caribou.


Caribou, says the Handbook Of In.
dams Of Canada, published by the
geographic board, Is the common name
of the North American reindeer. OF
which there are two chief species
the woodland caribou, and the barren
ground caribou. The word came into
the English from the French of east.
ern Canada, where 1t is old, the writer
Sagard- HeOdat using 1t in 1882, dur.
ing the lifetime of Samuel de Cham.
plain. The origin Of the word is said
to be Micmac. the language Of the In.
dams who inhabited what are now the
Maritime provinces. They were
known as Micmacs. They had word
related to caribou, being the name OF
the deer. and 1t meant paving OF
scratching, from the habit Of the carl
bou paving away the snow with It's
forelegs to find the food-chiefly moss
upon which it subsisted in winter
Formerly the word was often spelled
cariboo, which gave name to the Carl
boo district in British Columbia. IA
nous for its gold mines.-Montreal
Herald.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
POLICE SCRUB BOYS TEETH
Ok Officers Called in to Silence Pre-
tests Of UnruIy Pennsylvania
Youngster.

Reading, Pa.-Yells that sounded
like murder" led dwellers In the ex-
elusive apartment house at Ninth and
Penn streets to summon the police.
In a room on the third floor of the
building six policemen found a i've
year-old boy sfrom whom the screams
emanated. His distress was due to the
fact that his mother was brushing his
teeth. The policemen took hand in
the performance. While four Of them
formed a hollow square, the fifth
seized the youngster and held him
while the sixth administered thor
ough dental scrub. The policemen
then made the boy promise to submit
to the operation In quiet in the future.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
Buried Under the Floor.

An Abyssinian funeral is very
singular affair. When newborn In.
FAINT dies 1t is almost Immediately
buried under the floor After the de-
mise Of an adult, the body Is washed
in water sweetened with honey.
wrapped in a shroud. sewed up in a
mat Of braided straw. and laid upon
a litter made Of boughs cut from
trees.
The lamentations of the relatives re-
sound among the cliffs, and the news
is rapidly communicated to all the pe0-
pie Of the neighborhood. who at once
set out to condole with the mourners,
AS soon as they catch sight Of the
funeral procession they begin to weep
and cry aloud. When they join It..
the men range themselves on one side
Of the bier. the women on the other.
and chant. When the religious cere-
mony Is over. the corpse Is buried In
the churchyard.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
Gs@slkNgll
%@ S
TO MEET GOOD ROADS BONDS
Meteor. Vehicle Revenues osveted -
Maintenance and Repair 81 Stats
Improved Highways.

prepared by the United States Depart.
ment Of Agriculture.)
In most states the motor.vehicls
revenues are devoted to the mainte.
nance and repair Of the state roads
or other improved highways. These
states thus seem to have solved fairly
well the knotty problem of how to
secure sufficient funds to maintain the
more important roads under the ever.
increasing traffic requirements. As
both the traffic and the revenues in.
crease with the number Of cars, there
exists q possibility of SO adjusting the
registration rates as to keep pace with
the ever-growing maintenance charges.
Recently, however a movement to
capitalize the motOr-vehicle revenues
and devote these funds to road con-
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
EARTH ROADS IN CONDITION
Drainage 10 Chief Essential In PUTTING
Earth Roads in Proper SHAPE
Draa Must De Used.

II can be truthfully said that drain
age Is the chief essential In putting
earth roads into proper condition. An
old ScOtchman, an expert road builder,
aptly said that the three requirements
of good earth roads are, drainage. more
drainage, and still more drainage. e.
w. Lehman Of the University of Mis-
souri, college of agriculture indorses
this sentiment and adds: Roads must
not only have good surface drainage
but must also have good underdrain-
age. Surface drainage is secured by
proper grading, adequate side bitches,
and by keeping the crown of the road
properly dragged. Stretches Of road
that do not dry out quickly must be
underdrained by tile.
The drag must be used after each
rain, II the best results are to bstso-
cured. Don't go on the road while too
muddy, let it dry out slightly 1t should
be wet enough, however, 20 1t will not
crumble, but smear. When properly
used, the drag brings thin layer Of
earth toward the center Of the road
which Is rolled and packed between
wet periods. II too much crown 10 70
cured by dragging, the angle Of tile
drag should be reversed.
Getting the earth roads graded.
bitches open, we'll drained, and prop
erly crowned by dragging Is about all
that can be done until the people are
ready to surface the road with gravel,
broken stone or some other surfacing
material.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
TRADITIONS 1000
YEARS OLD UPSET
Ancient City Of Pressburg
Changes Character With
Coming Of New Rulers
RESULT OF PEACE FARLEY
Resentment Shown Over the Employ
nsnt Of cxeehs In Government Pe-
sttions Formerly Occupied BY Hun
oarians-Many Are Expelled.

Bratislava, Slovakia.-It is only on
CsschOslovakian maps that this an
elent Hungarian city Of Pressburg can
be located by its new name. Ruled BY
Hungary for a thousand years, II
passed under the control of the new
Decentralization republic by the decis
len Of the peace conference, and q
large part Of its Inhabitants do not
take kindly to the new order of things
In people are dominantly Gernanic
q Hungarian.
The street signs are In German and
Hungarian characters, and now to them
u being added Czech. The old postal
ana telephone employees have been re-
placed by Czechs and Czech high Of
acere Installed in the government
Slovak regiments on duty here have
bssn replaced by purely Czech soldiers.
In q city as old and conservative and
routine a. this, drifting through the
centuries undisturbed in its social Gus
toms, there things have made feeling
run rather high In certain social strata.
Many Are Expelled.
Persons, regardless Of sex, who have
not acquired legal residence are being
expelled. One man who told the AssO-
ciated Press he had lived and done
business here for forty years was ex-
PEELED a few days ago. The list Of
those cited for expulsion is said to con-
tain names Of dead persons.
Some Hungarians do not hesitate to
express their resentment over the en-
ployment of Czechs in government po-
sitions here formerly occupied by the
Hungarians. Czechs and many SlO-
vaks of the educated classes who hold
ONCE under the government say this
feeling is due to Hungarian and Ger
man propaganda. and has no real
strength or extent. Also they admit
the necessity of Czech officialdom, as
Slovakia has little or no educated class
from which to draw executives of abil-
ity.
Hard to Upset Tradition.
It is hard to upset rudely the tradi-
tions of ten centuries, and talks with
many persons. both In official and un-
Official circles, would indicate that the
antagonism displayed toward the
Czechs Is a natural condition of this
period Of transition and is not deeply
rooted. Probably it is stronger here
In Pressburg than in the other parts
G IL A.. a
20 apparent.
The school question plays very
prominent part in the situation here.
The government has abolished the Ger
man and Hungarian languages In the
schools. and this means general Gust
ing Of teachers and reaction in house
holds.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01

raklns Blood stains From Feathers
Make strong solution Of salt in va.
ter, and saturate a large and thick
cloth with It. Wrap feathers up in
cloth and keep until blood gets soft
When soft rub out with gentle press
ure. putting something hard under
feathers with blood on. and rubbing
with the back Of Z knife. Each feath-
er must be done separately. OF course
goose or other feathers for cushions
or pillows may be put into cotton
bag and washed and dried, but pre-
liminary soaking In brine will Be Of
advantage. n
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
nouseMAlD FOR PARLIAMENT
Hatisss English Lass Plans to Seek
Election to Commons on
Labor Ticket.

London, England.-Jessie Stephens,
. housemaid with mass of dark hair,
and who generally goes about hatless,
has signified her intention Of entering
the race for parliament on the l"hor
ticket. She is endeavoring to s j 4
seat In the local borough council Of
Bermondsey and will then stand 40 4
parliamentary candidate.
She has been employed AZ a cook,
housemaid, cook-general, bos Of .
large common lodging house In elias
sow, porter in chemical warehouse
and driver Of q three ton lorry.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
Dehydratsd Dssfsteaks.

wichita, Kan.-A. e. Smoll, .
chemist with packing company here,
10 experimenting with view to reduc-
ing the high cost Of living. His latest
experiment is with beefsteak. By q
process Of MISUNDERSTANDING Ill
the water out of the meat-the steak 10
in Z good state of preservation and IL
capable Of being kept almost linden.
nitely. When 1t is desired to bring the
steak back to q condition Of freshness
an that is necessary, Mr.. Smoll says,
10 to soak It In water. The meat 10 said
never to lose its od0r Of fresh meat
md 1t is as tough 40 sole leather
when dehydrated.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
Coed Roads Mean Greater Rural Gem
fort and Prosperity.

struction has been quite noticeable.
This Is especially true in those states
which have comparatively lange
number Of cars and only small mile
age of improved roads. Thus, Illinois,
last November approved bond issue
Of sec, 100000 for the construction of q
system Of state roads. The interest
and principal of these bonds are to be
paid entirely from the m0tor-vehicle
revenues. There is no doubt that these
revenues will prove sufficient for this
purpose. The main question which re.
mains is whether or not satisfactory
source of maintenance revenues can
be secured 50 as to prevent these
roads, when constructed, from dete.
riorating. ~
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
GREAT ROAD WORK PLANNED


Estimates Of contemplated highway
expenditures In the United States for
IL season Of 1910 place the total at
approximately $500, 100000. Because
o( governmental ! restrictions the
amount was considerably lower than
this IN 1918. while In 1917 II was placed
ct 32o0, 100000.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01
cenerste Rsad DviIdina

cenersts Hsad Building.
- great era Of concrete road build
ing has begun. Comprehensive ~
tens are being constructed in many
counties and many through highways
are being improved with concrete n
various states under state supervision.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01

FOR SALE-Early Fortune mil!et
seed, $2.26 per bushel. Also White
Wonder millet seed, $3.50 per bush
.el. H. H. Templeman, 3 miles north
Of Sawyer. Address, Velva, n. D.
l/1-6t
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01

WANTED Good strong young girl
for general homework, good home,
good wages. Mrs. G. r. Van Sickle
Minot, N. d. Phone 5S1 Blue.
N 4/1-2tA
FOR SALE-Marquis wheat, high
termination, 10 cents above market
price. 8 miles north Of Sawyer.
Address H. H. Templeman, velva,
n. D. l/1-1t
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01

HAY FOR SALE-No. / Upland Hay
principally, g ne miles southwest
Of brady. John Carlson, brady,
N. D. A1'zt
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1920-04-01

LOST-Will the lady who took mesh
bag from table ct GlobeGazette
Pig. Co., Wednesday, P. M, return
same and avoid trouble. Box 512
Minot, N. d. 4!1-1tcg
Gilpin observer., 1920-01-01
The United States entertained

The United States entertained a
number of distinguished ofhcials from
abroad during the latter part of the
year. including Cardinal Mercier of
Belgium. King Albert and Queen
Elizabeth Of Belgium. and the prince
of Wales.
During the closing weeks of the
year a determined attack upon the
wartime prohibition act held the at
tention Of the country. On October 27
President Wilson vetoed the stringent
prohibition enforcement bill passed
by congress on the ground that the
emergency for which the prohibition
law had been enacted, had passed.
Congress Immediately passed the bill
over the presidents veto and 1t be-
came law. Attacks were made upon
the prohibition law in federal courts
In all sections of the country and vary
ing decisions were given. Appeal was
taken to the United States Supreme
court which on December Is upheld
the act
Gilpin observer., 1920-01-01
The Making of Peace.

The first steps toward the organi-
sation Of the peace congress were
taken on January IL when the su-
were President Wilson and Secretary
Lansing Of the United States. and the
premiers and foreign ministers of
Great Britain. France and Italy. to-
gether with Marshal Foch and mill
tary representatives of the several
powers, began actual consideration of
the terms Of peace to be imposed upon
the central powers. The peace con-
gress itself, without delegates from
the defeated powers or Russia. met in
the ministry Of foreign affairs at
Paris on January 1S. President Will
son proposed Premier Clemenceau for
permanent chairman of the confer
ence and the delegates elected him by
unanimous vote. II was determined at
the beginning that only the flve great
belligerent powers. the United States.
Great Britain. France, Italy and Japan.
should take part in all meetings Of the
conference and commission to be ap-
pointed; that other belligerent and as
ISOLATED powers should participate
only In meetings at which questions
concerning them were to be discussed.
As the representatives OF the many
belligerent nations entered upon the
task OF bringing peace to the world
Europe was in turmoil. Poland was
being reconstructed and the fixing of
her boundaries gave rise to many con-
troversies between the Poles and sur
rounding peoples. The question of
whether League OF Nations should
be created as means of preventing
future wars was one of the first to be
taken up by the peace conference. On
January 20 the conference formally
declared In favor OF the establishment
OF League Of Nations. and com
mission, of which President Wilson
was chairman, was appointed to pre-
pare a definite plan. The League of
Nations commission held its first meet.
ing on February 3 and on February IA
President Wilson read and explained
20 the peace conference draft OF the
constitution for the League Of Nations.
The plan provided for an executive
council TO be composed OF representa-
tives OF nine nations and for an inter-
Gilpin observer., 1920-01-01
socialists seized control of the govern

socialists seized control of the govern
ment.
The situation In Ireland where the
Sim Fein continued its efforts to es-
tablish a republic grew more serious
as the year advanced. Repeated dis
orders occurred and on September IL
Viscount French. lieutenant governor
Of Ireland. prohibited further meetings
Of the so-called Irish parliament. Many
arrests were made by the military.
The fighting in Russia had continued
without decided advantage to any
group until on October 25 the force
commanded by General Yudenitch, ad-
vancing against the bolshevists,
reached point within fifteen miles of
Petrograd.
While other problems growing out of
the war were being settled, the Ques-
ton of the disposal Of Fiume continued
to cause trouble. On September 13
Gabrielle d'Annunzio. the Italian SOL
dier-poet, entered Fiume at the head
of several thousand soldiers and took
control of the port in defiance of the
Italian and allied military authorities.
On September 10 the Representatives
of the great powers handed peace
treaty to Bulgaria. Under this treaty
western Thrace was taken from Bull
garia, her army was reduced to 10000,
and she was required to pay $445, ,00O,-
600 as reparation for damages done by
her armies.
ReverSes for all of the forces op-
posing the bolsheviki were reported in
November. On the 18th General Yu-
denitch was forced to retreat to the
Esthonian border and resigned COM
mand of the Russian northwest army.
On the same day it was reported that
the bolsheviki had captured Omsk, the
seat of the Kolchak government. DAN
nunzio created still more serious sit
uation for Italy when he seized lara,
Dalmatia, on November IA.
Gilpin observer., 1920-01-01
EVENTS OF 1918
PASSED IN REVIEW
World Found Great Difficulty in
Returning From War to
Peace Conditions.
MAKING THE GERMAN TREATY
Europe In State Of Ferment, While
the United States Was Struggling
With Grave Industrial and Eco
nomic Problems.
By DONALD F. siees.

After nearly five years of frightful
warfare, in which all of the great pow
ers and many Of the smaller nations
had been involved, the world found 1t
difficult to return to anything like nor
NAL conditions during the year 1919.
While the armistice which was signed
in the closing weeks of 1918 brought
a cessation of hostilities between the
two groups of nations that had been
engaged in the great struggle, it did
not bring peace to all the peoples in
volved. Technically the world still
was at war throughout practically all
of the year just closed as the peace
treaty which was framed in Paris
after months Of negotiation could not
be made fully effective until ratified
by the great powers and formally pro-
mulgated by the peace conference.
Failure of the United States senate to
ratify the treaty, because of opposition
to the covenant of the League Of Ma
lions, which was made a part Of the
peace treaty, prevented the formal
declaration of peace until more than
a year after the armistice was signed.
Internal disorders and territorial
disputes arising from the establish
ment of many new nations kept a
large part of Europe in turmoil. Such
complete remaking of the map of
Europe as resulted from the great war
naturally could not be accomplished
without friction. The great empire of
Austria Hungary had fallen to pieces
with the defeat of the central powers
and out of the wreckage new states
arose. These new nations-Austria,
Hungary, Poland and the Czech and
Jugoslav states-could not establish
their new boundaries without friction
among themselves and with their
neighbors. The new government Of
Germany. which had been transformed
into a republic, was striving to main
tain itself against the attacks Of radi-
cal elements. Russia was torn by
civil strife with half a dozen groups
fighting for the mastery. At times
world peace seemed still far off but as
the year passed conditions became
more settled and, 1t seemed probable
that with the formal promulgation of
the peace treaty the chaos into which
Europe had been thrown would pass.
In the United States conditions were
not SO unsettled as In the nations that
had been longer engaged in the war,
but here, as in Europe. the transition
from a war to peace basis was not
easy. New industrial problems had
been created. The high cost Of living
caused labor to make insistent and re-
peated demands for higher wages and
resulted In numerous strikes among
all classes Of workers. Radical lead
srs took advantage of the unrest that
existed to recruit their forces and
they became so active that the con-
stituted authorities of the nation
finally found 1t necessary to take de-
termined steps to suppress disloyal
prOpa gAnda
Gilpin observer., 1920-01-01

mittee on foreign relations, proposing
amendments and four reservations to
the peace treaty. Senator Hitchcock
presented a minority report, recon-
mending the adoption of the treaty
without reservation. There began then
determined fight between the oppos.
Ing forces in the senate, which ended
finally in a deadlock that prevented
the ratification Of the treaty either
with or without reservations.
President Wilson had continued TO
combat every suggestion of change
in the treaty or the covenant of the
League Of Nations and in an effort to
force its ratification had undertaken
an extensive tour Of the country. be-
ginning on September 4. After deIiy-
ering more than forty speeches
throughout the West he broke down
under the strain and was forced to
return to the White House. His con-
dition was regarded as very serious,
and he was unable to take leading
part in the battle for the treaty when
the contest reached its. climax. The
president still insisted however, upon
the adoption of the treaty without res
ervations, and when the question came
to final vote in the senate on Novem-
ber 10 the Democratic minority. aided
by number of Republicans opposed
to the league In any form. defeated the
majority resolution of the Republicans,
which would have carried with it the
reservations adopted by the senate.
Senator Hitchcock thereupon offered
resolution providing for ratification
of the treaty without reservations. and
this, In turn, was defeated, a number
of Democratic senators voting with
the Republicans. With a compromise
between the opposing groups appar-
emily impossible. the senate ad-
journed
In the meantime the peace treaty
had been ratified by the other great
allied nations and by many of the
smaller nations that had been engaged
In the war against Germany.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1920-05-29
NEW STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE
Long Sought and Made Possible Only
Through the Employment Of Mod
ern Reinforced Concrete.

Planning q memorial church to be
built entirely Of concrete. an American
architect introduces novel mode OF
construction and claims to have found
what architects for centuries have
failed tosproduee an entirely new and
pure style of architecture. Pure, be-
cause It conforms to all the essential
IDEAS OF architecture; new, because
only modern reinforced concrete has
made 1t possible" The structure takes
advantage Of the Elasticity OF rein
forced concrete, and the huilding,
which wouldjbe practically monolithic
when finished, would have its external
and internal forms Identical to a
degree new to architecture; its vaults
would spring direct from the foor
level and there would be no separat.
Ing distinction between walls and roof.
IN fact one might say that the build.
Ing would be vail roof, and have no
structural walls whatever" Archf-
tectural opinion may fail. Of unani-
nous approval; yet 1t must be ad-
mittea that the plan seems to adapt
Itself logically to the medium in which
It Is to be worked out, which Is an
Important point in its favor.-E1-
change. -.