davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-22
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pails. There was. of course, no cen tral heating plant. Stoves were un- known; and no means existed for heating the room except open fires. in which logs were burned.
 There was not even a range or other stove in the kitchen. where all the cooking was done in a huge open fire place. which may be viewed by any casual visitor to this day, with its crane" hooks for the suspension of pots, etc. The house was lighted by whale-oil lamps and candles of tallow nodded on the place.
 Washington was the most hospitable of men. People who were almost strangers would come and stay at Mount Vernon for months at a time. AS he himself once wrote, the place was Hike tavern" and this was one reason he gave his mother for not inviting her to reside there.
 Lacked Sense Of Humor
 He seems to have been almost to- tally lacking in sense of humor In all of his voluminous writings there is no suggestion of it. A Senator. Maclay. who was in Congress when the seat of government was New York and Qater) Philadelphia. described his dinners as deadly dull.
 He was very fond of dancing. and enjoyed that form of entertainment up to three years before his death. The ladies fairly worshipped him. looking upon him as a demigod. But no man ever had more bitter enemies. and no President was ever more out rageously blackguarded and sland- cred.
 His chief affiiction seems to have been chronic melancholy. When fifty-two years of age. he wrote to Lafayette, saying. T have had my day" and adding that he might soon expect to be entombed in the mansion of his fathers" It was a strange point of view for a man in the-prime of life.
 Washington. at the time of his death. was worth nearly million dol iars-an enormous fortune in those days. An iron chest, always kept in his bedroom. was found to contain $2g466 in coin
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-22

M M world is confronted with evils MA that threaten the existence and WY permanence of free govern ment, as we understand it, 1t would not be amiss to turn our thoughts to- ward period in our history when the struggling colonies were seeking the right to establish that very kind of a government. tt
 It was at Valley Forge during a winter of unusual severity and during the darkest hour of the great cause that Washington sought divine counsel in his effort not only to bring success but to bolster up the waning spirit of the army of which he was head. Per- haps there has been no period in American history when our army suf- fered as it did at that time, and the days spent there by our men will a1- ways remain as the great chronicle of American heroism.
 During the present war our men were compelled to endure many hard ships, but they were we'll fed and well clothed and knew that the people at home were willing to send money if necessary to their relief This was not so at Valley Forge where half starved and almost naked. with little hope of help from home. they stood by Wash ington, who never lost faith in the ultimate result and never faltered in his conviction that a representative government for which they were fight ing was the proper and best form.
 Location
 Valley Forge is about nineteen miles from Philadelphia, small stream having it's rise in the bottom of the Chester Valley and pours northward 10 the Schuylkill River, About mid way up the ravine was an ironworking industry called the Mountjoy Forge, but the place was commonly called
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-22
A Very Human Youngster, andNot the Prig That Ira dition Makes him Out.
wright, 1920, The International Syl

I3ZU, me International Syndicate. YE N HEN George Washington was E H sixteen years of age, he was AA @ seized with severe spasm of
 w the acute nervous disorder
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-22

0 AA H seized with severe spasm of w the acute nervous disorder called falling in love"
 It was an affair that might almost be described as premature, inasmuch as the young lady in the case was two years his junior. But girls seem to have grown up much quicker in those days. Anyhow. her father. a wealthy planter. named Fauntleroy residing at Fredericksburg. treated Washing tons suit with contempt. and ordered him out of the house.
 The social organization in Virginia in those times was typically aristo- cratic. and it is an old story that ali missionaries are Fundamentally based upon wealth. Young Washington came of an excellent family. and was received everywhere, but he had no money. and on that account was re- garded as a hopeless detrimental" from matrimonial standpoint.
 It just shows that one never can tell. Here was a youth destined to be his country's foremost citizen. to hold supreme command of it's armies, to be- come President. and to die perhaps the richest man in the United States. But he was poor. and so could not have Betsy Fauntleroy.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-22
about everything needed by those who
His Love Affairs

iNtu On IL.
 His Love Affairs S
 George had always a pronounced weakness for the ladies, and was confessed admirer of the fair sex. Nevertheless. his early love affairs were surprisingly unsuccessful. He cast a sheep's eye upon Mary Cary, daughter of rich citizen of Hampton. Va. but she preferred another man. Later. when he was twenty-four years old he became enamored by Mary Phillipse. who lived near West Point, N. Y. But. after violent Irritation, she refused him. and married Captain Roger Morris. who during the Revolu- tion fought on the British side. It was in the Philiipse mansion that Benedict Arnold resided when he be- trayed his country.
 Two years after this failure, Wash ington met the widow Custis. slightly older than himself, who had lost her
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-02-22

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The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14
Prelate Holds Criticism of Church Is Inconsist-
ent While Lambeth Conferences Protest
Against Opium Traffic Goes Unheeded

Frederic Harrison famous in English
speaking countries for his various intel
lectual activities, in discussing the "incalcul-
able mischief that he believes has been
wrought by the war, spiritually, morally
and intellectually" criticised the Churches
in these words:
They have not yet shown any power TO
restore religion to its true place as the guide
Of human life"
The English moralist added the further
indictment of the supineness Of the churches:
The result of this chaos In spiritual and
moral training is a manifest loosening of
the canons of moral life, sacrifice OF
the family as a moral institution and the
degradation Of marriage to be temporary
partnership"
Bishop Burgess smiled almost indulgently
as he read these scathing sentences
Harrison is a positivist, a confirmed
postivist He has been one in religion all
his long life and for the same length OF
time he has been unfritndly to the church.
He is, Nbesides, old man, and some of the
things he says about Athe younger genera
tions--he has seen two of them grow up
are due to his age. He is and must be out
of touch with young people, as he has al
ways been out Of sympathy with the church.
1--WE will not talk of him any further.
What he says and Whit the former presi-
dent of Harvard Dr. Charles w. Eliot, says
about modern dress of women Is trivial.
There is as much good in the young people
of the present as there ever was in any
generation. They are a promising lot of
young folks and there is no reason to
despair of them. / am not so young man
and have a good many memories. l can
not remember style or fashion In
woman's dress that was not criticised when
it first was seen After ALL elderly gentle
men are not very good judges in these mat
ters
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14
Better if We Entered War Earlier.

"The world has passed through a disas-
trous war Two great nations fought to the
death. We We're drawn into It; we had TO
be; yes, / think / may say 1t would have
been better for us If we had gone into it
before we did. If Roosevelt had been Presi-
dent l think we would have gone into 1t
earlier. But this is futile discussion now.
What is better to remember is that one
nation disregarded our property rights and
another our lives so that we were drawn
in. Therefore, we are partners in a long
train of moral evils that are a necessary
corollary to war. We must bear them and
surmount them, as we will do and as we are
doing.
"In my opinion in many big ways we have
advanced in morality Is not the universal
prohibition a great moral victory? If 1t has
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14
Declares Subject Demands Discussion

But with an opium eater the case is diff
ways, in and out of the influence of the
drug.
with such an evil in existence it seems
incredible that two great Christian nations
should be occupied in spreading the evil,
openly and for the sake of gain This ques-
ton had tremendous discussion eighty years
ago 1t is as critical now and demands open
discussion. Although the Lambeth Confer
ance expected discussion. none has fol-
lowed the publication of its proceedings
Why?
1T is not because the reports and min
utes of this vital thing are inaccessible to
the public for they may be found in book
stores put out by a reputable and well known
publishing house having its foundation III
London and a large American branch
In 1889 the Chinese Government prohib-
tied the importation Of opium and Great
Britain. unwilling 10 renounce this profitable
trade, protested. When the protest amounted
TO nothing Great Britain sont men and
ships TO compel China TO rescind her order
The opium war" of 1910 followed and help
less China was badly beaten. Hongkong
was coded to the British and various ports
opened to foreign trade. In this the United
States benefited
At present according TO Bishop Burgess.
the Srade in opium is at its briskest in China,
and England the United States of America
and Japan are enjoying the profits among
them.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14
THE RIGHT REV DR. FREDERICK BURGESS

come to us as war result we should be
grateful for it.
Civilization as il progresses seems to
grow too complex, but it may be simplifed
If the great organizations that are every
where growing up are viewed with quiet
eye. They all root together and the prin
ciples are simple. 1t is the spreading not
the comprehensive view that confuses.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14

"The church is actively engaged in en-
deavoring to make life more simple. BY life
it means the family, and the church is based
on that. All it's efforts are toward making
that strong fortress against evil influences
of every kind The church, in its prayers
and offices, seeks 10 extend the ties Of
brotherhood, to inculcate unselfshness and
a prompt recognition Of everybody's rights.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14
r n the subdued, ecclesiastical atmosphere
of the Office of the diocese of Long

r N the subdued, ecclesiastical atmosphere
of the office of the diocese of Long
Island and in a subdued, ecclesiastical
tone of voice the Rt. Rev. Frederick Burgess
threw a verbal bomb full of shrapnel. at
somebodvl
you read me the criticisms of the church
for lack or organized effort to combat the
evils that have developed or have increased
in malignity out of the worst and most ter
rible war known to history; permit me on
my part to criticise those whose duty it is
to lead public opinion for an omission which
seems to me to be gross and ndefensible.
Bringing the Opium Problem to Light.
"By whose influence or authority have
the reports that were made to the recent
Lambeth Conference of Bishops with refer
ence to China been sunk in silence and OBJ
livion2
, Eat this conference one of the gravest
matters brought forward was the statement
that the two greatest Christian nations were
still-for profit-forcing the opium trade on
defenceless China! This accusation against
England and the United States, also Japan,
was made openly and created intense inter-
est. The charge was substantiated by
numerous reports from churchmen and CT
villains, and these reports were carefully
studied. Action was proposed and accepted
to bring this matter to the attention Of the
world by every means within the power
of the church.
THE volume containing the account of the
proceedings of the Lambeth Conference,
which was held in July, has been in print
three months. IT was easily accessible in
England in September, it arrived in this
country early in October. But
II have yet to read a line, nay, word
that has been printed in Great Britain or in
America about the light thrown on this
grievous evil, the opium trade, at the con-
ference, and It follows nothing has been said
of what the church means to do about it.
WHO is influential enough to keep the
knowledge of a crime against greatly
populated but weak nation out Of the only
medium by which the public may learn OF
TT"
This is the bomb describing it IN meta
phor, that the Bishop of the Long Island
diocese used to counter charges made by
rnors,lists in Great Britain and America to
the effect that the great Episcopal Church
supinoly regretted the evils that have grown
out Ut the war and took no special measures
TO lessen them.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14

have little place. There are no live, stimu-
lating questions to think about. That which
is to be learned is in the text books. BY
learning enough of it to give back reason
able proportion in recitations and examina-
tons the child is promoted.
Mechanical routine is developed 10 high
degree by principals and teachers and the
children. adapting themselves to the system
from which they cannot escape, become
tolerant until the age of compulsory at
tendance is passed. The general result is,
as n prominent American educator has re-
Gently stated it, that 1--WE are nation of
sixth graders"
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14
Discounts Frederic Harrison's Views as From
Source Always Unsympathetic and Now
Out of Touch With Rising Generation

It was then that the Bishop threw the
bomb
Il have sought to satisfy your inquiry IN
regard to the activity Of the church i'm the
present critical time. Will you not. in re
turn satisfy my natural curiosity as to how
ii happens nobody knows what the Lambeth
Conference of Bishops determined to do 10
kill the opium trade with China? There is
in my opinion, no more terrible evil now in
the world than the morphine habit. Is il
true as have been informed. that opium l.
produced i'm this country?
The liquor habit is a frightfu evil with
dreadful consequences. but it is not 10 be
compared i'm devastating power to the NOR
phine habit. The latter destroys body and
soul and leaves nothing for the reformer Of
either TO work upon.
Although it is, if respectfully. admitted
that the habit of strong drink has its
grasp on many persons in England and
Scotland. yet these persons when sober can
be relied upon when they pass their word 70
do something. A business man in Scotland
and England tells the truth when he is not
drunk His moral nature has not been
honeycombed and destroyed
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14
BURGESS Sees Moral Gain Despite War Pessimism

discussed for THE NEW
YORK HERALD Bishop Burch the Rev. Dr. Percy Stickney
this week by the Right Rev DR. Frederick
Burgess, Bishop of the Diocese of Long Island.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14
Ignoring of the Natural Interests.

Ignoring OF the interests.
Children are naturally active, both phys
ically and mentally. They are interested
and active outside of school in playing In
observing and investigating whatever Is 60
ing on in the community, in constructive
and manipulative activities, in music, form
and color in stories, in the movies, and in
dramatic and other forms of entertainment.
They are full of questions about sources OF
commodities brought from other regions and
countries. They are keenly interested in all
kinds Of mechanical devices. vehicles and in
tlustrial processes. They are strongly APP
pealed to by plant and animal life and the
phenomena of the changing seasons They
are full of initiative. their imaginations are
active and their interests are lively and
varied. They are responsive to the adult
interests and activities all about them and
ready to turn their own activities into the
most wholesome and educative channels
when they are guided and helped. In abb
stract facts, processes and conclusions they
are scarcely interested at all except as these
are found TO be disable in furthering their
own purposes.
Now the schools. in general practically
ignore all of these natural interests, activi-
ties and characteristics. Instead Of taking
these as they normally express themselves
and carrying them wholesomely forward
until they create needs and demands for
reading writing and number as necessary
helps which give real motive for these me-
chanical processes. all OF these interests and
activities are forbidden to express them
selves I'm the schools. The children are set
about memorizing the mechanics and form
ing the technical habits OF the three RS
whether they have any sense Of their use
or not.
Interests are natural I'm the sources Of
products used In the homes and found In the
markets. In the lands from which immi-
grants come. I'm the places OF vacation travel.
and in the lands to which our surplus prod
ucts go Instead of following up these in
terests until they become the richert kind
OF geography, the teachers give tho children
text books in geography and assign them
topics for memorizing with little consid-
Grafton as TO whether the topics have any
connection with the experiences OF tire chill
dren.
Instead Of continuing the natural inves-
legations of the children in tho industrial
life all about. constructing various products
TO illustrate methods and clarity ideaH, these
Investigations are ignored or n pretcnce Is
made Of recognizing them by n little dictated
work in paper folding and cardboard con-
struction, raffia mat weaving, n little hand
sewing and perhaps the making Of n whisk
broom holder and n towel rack.
For history, literature, art music and
physical education the story is much the
Same. Facts processes, exercises, drills ard
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14

This work always simple and based on
human traits that are admirable and may
be effectively led. is in the hands Of various.
departments. These are constantly growing,
and the enthusiasm attendant upon sue
cesssul effort / find in all the reports sent
IN 10 me by our various societies. They are
neither supine nor effete but are doing
active service and getting results.
"'The mothers societies connected with the
diocese have had the severest burden 10 bear.
Here on Long Island the effect Of false
values placed on the soldiers wrought harm
incalculable. We are trying to overcome
C still
Everything, as was natural, connected
with the war and particularly with the SOL
diers was In a glamour during the combat
The man who wore a uniform could do no
wreng he seemed almost divine TO too many
young women. Their false conception Of
this imaginary soldier worked grievously
with them. Many are mothers. but without
assistance Of the male parents in bringing
Up their offspring. This condition of things
has filled our infant asylums and homes for
women who are not able to make living.
cit was hard and should have been an
unnecessary burden to put on our diocese,
but I have heard no complaints. 1t was as
surned and Is being carried and will be to
the end. So much for the lack Of enterprise
noticed in the church by unsympathetic OBJ
servers and critics"
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14
Sees Good Omen in Individualism

Bishop Burgess said he thought the crav-
ing for individual expression by all classes
Of society. which observed fearfully as
meaning i'll for society. was on the contrary
a good sign, one Of healthfulness.
ITO stifle the individual was the aim not
always understood. Of despotisms that have
gone down in the war" said he. Their de-
struction is for the best interests of the
world. and il individuals, left 20 express
themselves in literature and drama. some
times make mistakes that is no assurance
they will not find themselves"
This generalization was drawn from him
by the published statement that as a result
os the war no art had been helped while
literature in book and play showed deca-
dence. On such points the Bishop did not
speak at length, but added that II these evil
tendencies arc on exhibition their life could
not be long. A passing phase usually at
tendant on n social upheaval, in other
words
81 have not had data TO convince me about
the effect of universal suffrage" said Bishop
Burgess in the foregoing connection; per
haps it is yet 70 he demonstrated, but l think
no one expects other than good from 1t to
all OF us II may be classed. therefore, as
one Of our moral advancements."
The New York herald. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1920-1924, 1920-11-14
BY FREDERICK C. BONSER,
Professor of Education, Teachers College,
Columbia University.
THE elementary school does much to
equip children with the tools of an

TIME elementary school does much to
equip children with the tools of an
education but relatively little to edu-
cate them. Children are taught how TO read,
but interests and habits are not developed
In reading for information or pleasure. They
ore taught the facts and processes OF arith-
metic but not how TO use number in solving
the daily problems of income and expendi-
ture with economy and prudence. They are
required to learn hundreds of pages of facts
from geography and history but are given
no conception Of the human relationships
conditioned by the geographic controls OF
climate, soils, resources. trade routes and
labor, or the use of history I'm helpine us to
understand how the present came from the
past. It is exceptional in any school sub
iect TO find as much attention given to the
use and value of facts and processes in life
as to the facts and processes themselves.
There are three marked sources Of weak
ness which account for the failure of the
elementary school TO yield larger results in
preparing children to meet the problems Of
life These are: The narrowness ~ aims;
the mechanical character of methods, and
the failure TO recognize and use the natural
interests and activities of children.