davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04

expansion OF the city as a whole.
While 500 new houses are only a
drop in the bucket" compared 10
the needs OF the city. their erection
during the past year represents
some effort toward meeting the
present housing situation.
Chamber Gets Busy.
Realizing the situation as It really
exists. the South Bend Chamber OF
Commerce. working with the idea or
fully meeting that situation, plans
10 launch an intensive housing cam
paign The full energies OF the
chamber are te be devoted to the
campaign, which viii have for its
purpose the interesting Of South
Bend citizens strongly enough in
the situation to build houses.
Il has been learned that there
are al least 5000 vacant properties
within the corporate limits OF the
city, and that at least two-thirds OF
these properties are located on
paved streets and near sewer and
water mains.
The purpose OF the chambers
campaign viii be 10 induce the own
ers of these properties 10 improve
them by the erection OF houses.
The chamber will point out that
nothing will be lost and much Will
be gained by building houses. At a
recent dinner of the Chamber OF
Commerce members, Pres't ETskine,
of the Studebaker corporation, de-
clared that he would guarantee to
find purchasers for the houses
erected during the year. He said
that he was willing to put tina;
guarantee into writing If anyone
desiring such a written guarantee
would call at his Office in the cor
porauon's administration building.
Felt in All Circles.
The industrial expansion OF the
city during the year just closed has
been felt in all circles Of the city
l. caused the expenditure by tn,
municipal city during the year 0'
nearly 100000 in public improve
ments. paving streets. building side
walks and laying water and sewer
mains.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04
CONSTRUCTION GOES FORWARD AT RAPID PACE
BUT HOUSING HAS NOT YET CAUGHT UP WITH DEMAND

viii be the best equipped shop Of
its kind in the world
Another OF the big buildings two
thirds completed is the drop forge
shop. Some of the huge FORCES
have already been installed and
they are daily at work on various
parts of the Studebaker cars being
manufactured in their entirety at
the South Bend plant.
Dining Room on Each Floor.
The understanding plant is one
half completed. There is 10 be a
dining room on each floor. Ac-
commodations 70 feed 1900 persons
at one time are being provided. The
final assembling room is one-third
completed, as is also the sheet metal
building.
With 80 percent OF its proposed
expansion already completed, the
corporation plans TO employ at least
1000 additional workmen by not
later than May Of the present year.
In order to do this. there must be
sufficient houses in the city TO pro-
vide homes for these additional
workrnen and their families Dur
ing the past year there have been
nearly 500 houses erected in South
Bend, but this number of new
houses does not begin TO meet the
demand at present, and the iucreas-
ing demand as more workmeu are
added 20 the Studebaker force.
Realizing the acute housing stu
alton, the corporation recently
formed subsidiary corpora ton
with A capitalization Of S1.0O0.00O,
to be known as the Citizens Homes
Building Co. This company has set
aside S1,5O0,O00 TO be spent during
1920 in the building OF homes.
To Build 1000 Houses.
The corporation has already pre-
pared plans for the construction OF
1900 houses on its two tracts Of
land in the southeastern part Of the
city, and actual work on these
houses is TO begin. it Is announced
rs soon as weather conditions VIII
permit
interviewer with the Industrial
expansion of the South Bend plan,
Of the Studebaker corporation is the
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04
Year Marks Notable Advance in Expansion P

There IS only one probable condi-
ton that may prevent carrying out
in full plans for the present year for
the Industrial expansion OF South
Bend. That condition IS. the lack
OF sufficient houses 10 care for the
added workmen needed In carrying
out the proposed expansion.
This Is no idle assertion. II is
not a warning 10 anyone 10 build
houses. II Is merely a statement Of
what may or may not become a dis
agreeable and disappointing fact.
There have been dOubters in
every age. They are to be found in
every cline. South Bend mas its
quota.
When Pres't A. r. Erskine, OF the
Studebaker corporation. announced
nearly a year ago that the corpora
ton OF which he IS the head was
prepared TO make expansions at its
South Bend plant that would within
the course Of a Rw years be the
cause Of increasing this city's popu-
lation TO nearly double its present
proportions, there were many who
doubted. What Pres't Erskine said
the corporation planned TO do
seemed too comprehensive. too big
for many South Bend citizens to
grasp.
Expansion Plan UnfoIdcd.
For years South Bend put forth
every effort to induce industries TO
locate here. In many instances
bonuses were given by citizens TO
induce concerns to come here. II
has been only a matter Of a few
years that such efforts have been
discontinued.
Then on the evening OF Jan. 20
OF last year Pres't Erskine and
other officials OF the Studebaker
corporation told IN detail the plans
OF the corporation for the expansion
OF its South Bend plant The citi-
zens to whom Pres't Erskine and
the other corporation officials told
their plans were asked for nothing
save their cooperation. They were
asked to make IL possible for the
corporation to carry out ifs plans by
seeing that sufficient homes were
provided 70 care for the increase in
the city's population.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04

The plans OF the corporation as
told by its officials include the dou-
bling Of the plants capacity for the
manufacture Of automobiles by the
summer OF 1921. The work OF ex-
pansion was to begin at once. and
was TO continue until It was ali COM
pleted. giving South Bend the most
modernly equipped and one of the
largest institutions OF it's kind in the
world.
Third Expansion This Year.
The officials said that at least
third Of the expansion work was TO
be completed within the year, and
that In the accomplishing OF the
whole proposed expansion, al least
S15.OOO.OO0 was 70 be expended.
At the time the announcement
was made. the corporation was pc
cularly we'll equipped for its under
taking. Several large buildings had
been erected by the corporation dur
ing the war period TO take care of
its war contracts. Several years a go
Pres't Erskine dreamed o. South
Bend having the most 1Iodernly
equipped automobile manufacturing
plant in the world. and one of the
largest IN the United States.
When the armistice was signed.
bringing the conflict across the sea
20 close, and ending the need for
munitions Of war. the opportunity
for which Mr.. Erskine had dreamed
presented itself. Even before the
world war began the Studebak err
corporation was seriously consider
Ing extensive expansions in it's
South Bend plant. and when the
war came 10 a close. the time for
actually putting into form arrived.
Spend Ten Millions
And in spite Of those who doubt
ed that the corporation really in
tended 10 carry out 10 the letter the
plans as announced by the president
and other officials of the corpora
ton, the IL months following the
announcement have seen the carry
ing out OF at least 35 percent of the
plans, and the expenditure by the
corporation in South Bend OF at
least S10.0OO.0O0
This means that b percent of the
expansion plans for the South Bend
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04

Cept the last one, in flooding, etc,
mains.
Cd Boats. If possible not more
than one boat-for the reception o.
the crew-to be got ready for low
ering A flag of truce is TO be kept
in readiness to be taken into the
boat. The boats with the disem
barked crews are 70 proceed 20 the
shore by the shortest route; they
will remain assembled under the or
ders of their officers.
60 Sinking is only TO take place
(a) In the case of forcible in
tervention on the part of tho
English
CD ON the receipt of specia
orders from me.
60 With reference to ga above
Officers must consider CAREFUL,
what steps they should take 20 Ell
sure the sinking of their vessels il
case the English should endeavOl
TO take the ships by surprise.
Surrender Demand Enough.
A surrender demand by the Eng
lish. but not sanctioned by me, IS q
ice looked upon as a forcible seizure
and is therefore 10 be replied to b.
sinking the ships.
ca with reference to SD above
Orders may be given either
(a) To sink the ship at clce.
CD To sink the ship at .
given hour.
go Signals.
For immediate sinking in accord.
ance with "a the following sigma
will be made:
ITO all commanding officers and
the leader of the torpedo boats"
Paragraph Il" of todays date
Chief of the informed Squadron
This signal is TO be passed on by
every available method.
The sinking of the ship is TO b.
commenced Immediately.
For sinking the ships at a giveT
hour. in accordance with 20, th'
following signals will be made:
ITO all commanding officers anC
the leader of torpedo boats"
Paragraph Os13 'acknowl
edged
Chief OF the Interned Squadron
In this visual signal the first tive
numbers indicate the date q. e.
the 9th, and the two last humble
the hour. at which the sinking shall
begin.
The time shall be received from
midday 10 midday astronomical
co Acknowledgment. The re
celpt Of the visual signal is 10 b.
acknowledged as follows;
To chief of the interned squadron
The paragraph OF the visual sig
nal received.
commander officer. Emdeu
Urges Close Watch.
G0) As the acceptance or non
acceptance OF the peace terms an
the reopening OF hostilities Is abou
TO be decided. the next few day
viii be particularly critical
From "Wednesday June IS. on
wards increased vigilance by da.
and night will be necessary. 20 Oh
serve not only any behavior on tn
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04

refused to accept this protocol
without consulting his govern
ment," and the Germans. in explain.
ing why they rejected the protocol.
amplified their previous lie-"tha
the scuttling had nothing 70 do with
the German government; and tina
the German government had no
possibility OF communicating witt
the officers of the informed ships
and the scuttling was done without
the knowledge OF any German civil
or military authority"
The Documents I'm the Case.
The following are TRANSACTIONS Of
the documents salved from the safe
of the Emden:
Chief of the Admiralty, No A III
$500.
Berlin. May ., 1919.
Most SCret.
Sir: You have repeatedly ex-
pressed TO Commander Stapenhors.
the wish OF the inferred ships Cn-
ternierungs Vehband) to be inform
ed as 10 their fate and the probable
termination OF their internment.
The fate of this. the most valua-
BILE part of our fleet. will probably
be finally decided in the negotia-
tions for a preliminary peace. now
being carried IN.
From press news and utterances in
the British house of lords. it ap-
pears that our opponents are con-
sidering the idea OF depriving us of
the informed ships on the conclusion
OF peace: they waver between the
destruction or the distribution
among themselves Of those ships.
The British naturally raise some
doubts about the latter course.
Assumption Freely Expressed.
These hostile intentions are in
opposition 10 the hither to unques-
toned German right OF ownership
OF the vessels. with the internment
OF which we complied on the con-
clusion OF the armistice only be-
cause we We're obliged 10 consent,
for the duration OF the armistice
TO an appreciable weakening of tho
striking power of the German fleet
This assumption was freely ex-
pressed and was not contradicted 10y
the enemy either at the conclusion
of the armistice or on its prolonga-
ton. We. on the other hand. have
often repeated this Interpretation
when we protested in February
1919. against the unjust.ded intern
ment in an enemy harbor, designat
ing ;his 20 be "a contraventiou o.
the terms Of the armistice. and de-
handing the subsequent removal OF
the ships TO a neutral harbor: this
protest. il is true. remained unan-
swered.
Sir. you may rest assured that il
will be no more than the plain dut,
OF our naval delegates at Versailles
90 safeguard the fate " eur intern
ed ships in every way. and 20 ar
rive at solution which is In ac-
cordauce with our traditions ant
our unequivocal German rights. In
This connection. the first condition
VIII be- that the ships remain Ger
/ man. and that their fate. whatever
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04

turn it may take under the pres
sure of the political situation, viii
rot be decided without our coopera-
ourselves. and that their surrender
10 the enemy remains out of tn
question. (The last sentence is not
in the original German text We
must hope that these just demands
may retain their position in the
scheme of our political standpoint
in the question OF peace as a whole
I beg you. sir, as far as possible
to express to the officers and crews
of the informed ships my satisfac
ton. for their part. they are so
eagerly nursing our most natural
hope. that the interned ships vii
be retained under the German flag,
and to communicate TO them our
strong desire to make our just cause
triumphant. This spirit is caIcu
lated to support the German dele
gates in their efforts at the peace
conference. The fate Of the whole
navy will depend upon the results
oc these efforts; il is TO he hoped
that they will put an end to the in
ternment which. through our enc
mics breach OF faith. has become
so cruel, the sufferings and trials of
which are deplored by our whole
navy. and which will ever be re-
termed crews
To Admiral Won Reuter-.
To the commander-in-ch chief of tn
interned ships. Rear Admiral vor
Reuter-. Scapa Flow.
The following orders were issued
by Admiral Won Reuter- 10 the Ger
man ships
Chief OF the Interned Squadron.
June Il. 1919 B. Mr.. P. 80.
only TO be sent by an officer.
Personal.
To the commanding officer:
CD The commanding officers are
ordered 20 make the necessary
preparations for sinking their ship
so as to ensure that on receipt of
the order she Will sink as rapidly as
possible.
CD Complete preparations are 10
be made after the crews have been
taken off 1t is left to the discretion
of the commanding officers TO decide
to what extent selected members OF
the crew may be allowed 10 assist
and 10 have knowledge OF our in
tentious without endangering these
intentions in any respect-as. 70
instance. by betrayal to the English
CD The following preparatory
measures are 10 be taken.
The keeping open OF all internal
doors arc 10 DC taken;
The keeping open an interna
doors and matches permanently
such "a alley doors, bunker doors
doors of longitudinal and athwart-
ship bulkheads. hatchways. venu
latorS. scuttleS. etc.
And. AT the discretion of the i'm
iividual commanding officers tn.
following measures 70 allow OF rapiC
opening of the torpedo tubes. tho
opening up OF q condenser. tho
opening OF valves ana sluices. ex.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04
by WILLIAM ARCHER.

Tense in his denunciatiOn of the mat
uralists and physicists" who have
assured the world in the name of
science, that salvation and damna-
ton are all nonsense, and that pre-
destination is the central truth Of re-
ligfon, inasmuCh as human beings
are produced by their environment,
their sins and good deeds bein1 only
a series Of chemical and mechanlca
reactions over which they have no
control"
In this passage which he elabOr-
ates at some length. ne Claims his
right 70 be saved or damned as re
sponsible son of Adam. How viii If
so with him. then. when he is cauer
upon TO account for his use Of the
splendid. the unique talent commit
ted 10 him? His state. one fears.
viii be a parlous one: he viii be
lucky if it be held that tar-and-
feathers meet the case.
lie may plead. no doubt. that he
has onchanccd the gaicty OF nations
but is that enough is it not rather
the very gist Of the Indictment that
he has let his Wit run riot at the ex-
pense of all his other eifts-his
beautiful humanity Of feeling his
insight, his marvellous power of
lucid exposition. his quickness of re
tort, his inexhaustible vivacity. his
..rtf,.. or. cr,s 1av.offov ., t,;- f4,.T. u
obstinarely Astounding in his own
sense, by. deliberately seeking to
ALLEVIATE rather than TO -convince
opinion, and by ressolutely stifing
the voice of self-criticism, he has
done his best TO cancel his higher
qualities. and has remained an ir-
repressib BILE jester. where ne Nigh
have been a leader and a seer.
There is very little in the preface
10 "Heartbreak House" which is no.
essentially true. The analysis O.
war insanities may even be called
mastery. Now and then Mr.. shaw.
incurable itch for putting a thinr
extensively instead Of reasonably get.
the better Of him. In writing. fol
instance, as though the wOrid-wid
shudder at the "Lusitania" Grim,
was a mere matter OF indignation
because several well known first.
class passengers" were drowned. Mr.
Shaw shows his congenital hatred
OF normal and natural feeling. i
was not a matter Of ignoring tn
daily and hourly massacres of Elan
ders and Gallipolf, and reserving GU
tears fer "first-class passengers.
Not a man less would have dice
on the batrlehelds il we had argueC
away the instructive horror excited
/ by so gigantic, so cold-blOoded, 81
pedantic-an-atrocit we had saiC
After all, this is a war in which tn
conventional distinction between
combatants and non-com batant
cannot be maintained, nor can Ger
many be blamed for insisting tina
the laws OF war must be redrafted II
view OF the powers and limitation
OF her new weapon, the submarine.
To have thought and spoken thu
would not only have been inhuman
il would have been suicidal. II an
single incident can be said 20 hav'
| turned the scale OF battle agains
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04

And more IS yet 20 come. The
board OF public works IS getting
ready 20 extend the water and
sewer main systems 20 the tvs
tracts upon which the Studehaker
corporation IS planning 90 erect
1900 houses. and 20 the Oliver tract
upon which the oliver Chilled Pillow
Co. already has 100 houses under
construction and has awarded the
contract for 100 more as a second
unit IN a total OF ]. 900 houses to b.
erected by this concern in the south
western part OF the city as a Con-
trfbution 20 the meeting OF South
Bends housing problem.
Twenty miles OF new water mains
are to be laid by the city wates
works department during the ear1R
part OF the new year. The contrao1
for the sewers extending % the Ola
YER tract has already been awarded
by the board OF public wOrISs An&
the work OF carrying out the ooR4
tract has started. Other CONTRACTS
are TO be let BY me board eaE3y
during January.
Whole city OFganizfng.
The entire city seems 60 b %
ganizing for the work ahead Th4
South Bend Chamber OF Commeroe
several months ago underwent =
complete reorganization. Severed
additional departments with expert4
at their head have been added e.
the chamber. Just recently q pub
licity bureau was decided upon
This bureau IS TO be placed IN ths
charge of an expert The publicity
bureau IS expected to be a large faa-
tor in carrying the housing cam
paign TO be inauEurated by The
chamber to a successful end.
Withal, the achievement indus-
trially and otherwise during TIE
past year IN South Bend has caused
the doubters within the city's bor<
ders to become believers IA the fu-
ture Of their city, and % become
strong adherents 20 that sentiment
/ expressed b. the new slogan OF the
Chamber Of Commerce, which de-
/ rlares that South Bend viii soon be
the second city in the state ia point
} 81 population.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04
Documents From Safe of the E1nden Nail Lie of
Ebert Government DiscIaiming Responsibility for
= = SCuttIing of German Fleet At SCaba FIO7U

on June q Rear Admiral Won
Reuter- scuttled the German war
ships at anchor at Scapa Flow. The
German government stated that this
defiance Of the pending peace ne
Eotiations by the German comman-
der was purely on his own initiative
and without prompting from Berlin
That Is now proved to be lie. AL
so it is shown that. as usual, the
Germans lied and plotted very
ciumsily-
Gn brief summary this is the
story OF the lie and its exposure:)
on Nov. II. 1918. the German
feet was surrendered in British
waters. being afterwards interned
at Scapa Flow.
According to the German govern
rnent. it was found to be impossible
for it 20 get into communication
with the commander Of the intern
"a ships. Yet on May Q. the chief OF
the German admiralty. answering
repeated" requests from the intern
ed ships. wrote TO Rear Admiral
Won Reuter- regarding the interned
ships. saying interalia. The sur
render 10 the enemy remains out of
the question" This letter reached
Rear Admiral Won Reuter-, for it was
found in his safe in the light cruiser
Emden when that vessel was raised
and il was yesterday on view at the
admiralty The date on which II
= 10 lrrf
probably II was on June II, when
two transports from Germany ar
rived at Scapa Flow 10 take away
some OF the German crews and %
bring clothes and provisions for the
remainder. That gave an Oppor-
tunity to slip a document through
past the British censorship.
Won Reuters Orders.
On June II. Rear Admiral Won
Reuter- issued preliminary orders &c
all his officers to prepare for the
sinking (ccpies OF these orders have
also been recovered). The actual
sinking took place on June q. The
Germans undoubtedly arranged for
the scuttling OF the fleet, in case
that was the only alternative 10 It's
inal surrender. Then the German
naval commander clumsily neglect.
td 20 destroy the evidence of the
plot-probably thinking that his
ship could never be salved.
The German Lies.
on June IS the allied and asso-
ciated governments notified the
German government that Il would
be held responsible for the scuttline
~ the fleet. In reply. June IS. the
German government diSavcwed az
responsibility and said that the
scuttliug had been carried out los
Rear Admiral Won Reuter- and ms
subordinates without the knowledge
az any German civil or military au.
rhority Then the Emden was
raised. and clear proof OF the Ger
man lie obtained.
The entente powers now proceed
cd by way of a protocol 90 On
peace treaty. 20 make cateeorica
demand for PREPARATION for the scut.
Ting. The German ranresentativ,
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04

three OF these nine buildings are
under construction. Three OF them
are already two-thirds completed.
one is half completed, and another
is one-third completed.
Erect Buildings a Needed.
The plan of the corporation is 10
erect the buildings, or such portions
OF them as are needed. They are
now being used in the manufacture
of automobiles. For instance. the
new power house included as a part
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04

OF the expansion of the plant is two
thirds completed. The power house
when fully completed Will have Is
boilers of 500 h. p. each. and total
capacity of 5000 h. p.
The machine shop with its mod
ern machinery, is also two-thirds
completed. Like all Of the other
nine buildings. the machine shop
structure is constructed of steel and
concrete. and when completed il
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1920-01-04

plant is an actually Another 50
percent of the plant is 10 be com
pleted during the present year. and
by the summer OF 1921 the whole
expansion work will have been COM
pleted. and South Bend will then
have the most modernly equipped
and one of the largest automobile
manufacturing plants in the world.
The expansion program at the
Studebaker plant includes the cree
ton of nine huge buildings. All but