The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1920-06-24

vive their respect for those institutions spread
understanding OF what they mean, insure their
safety, encourage their growth. Never has it
been more important for US TO teach the lesson
of liberty through law, of sacrifice for common
gain, of righteousness for its own sake"
Mr.. Luce, in his remarks during debate,
brought out this noteworthy point:
t'One feature OF their first year two here
that is not commonly known would be OF especial
value to bring TO the knowledge of all the people
of the land by this cOmmemOratOn- They at
tempted cOmmunistic settlement Communism.
the cry of the hour by so many radicals-commu-
nism at the very outset OF the foundation OF New
England had its full and fair test and communism
failed Only when they had abandoned the com
munistic idea and secured agreement that each
should enjoy the fruits of his labors. that what
each might wrench from the stubborn soil should
be the reward of his efforts, that their fields and
homes should no longer be held in common, Onlg
then the colony put upon basis of possible
pernanence-"
a mistake commonly made by people who
should know better is that they make distfnc-
ton between Pilgrims and Puritans. There is all
the difference in the world. Mr.. Fess of Ohio
touched upon this difference when he said:
81 want to note one general error in history
when the conduct of early New England is
matter of discussion: We usually speak of the
persecution that exercised in this part OF
the country, especially in Massachusetts and we
identify it with this particular Massachusetts set
Element That is not accurate. That is not his
tOric. The persecution that caused good many
persons to leave the Massachusetts colony was
not by the Pilgrims. The Massachusetts colony
of 1923 was not identical with the Pilgrims Of
1920. The persecution by the Puritans, and
the historian will not make the mistake of con-
fusing the Pilgrim with the Puritan. although
the latter term was generally applied to ali the
people who landed. However, they were two en-
tireIy different peoples"
Mr. Tess might have gone farther and made the
difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans
more plain: The main distinction is religious,
and is aptIy illustrated by the old saying, "The
Puritan's fell first upon their knees and then upon
the abOrigines."
Which is 20 say: The Pilgrims came to Amer
lea to worship after their own fashion and cared
nothing how others might worship The Puri-
tans came here to worship after their own fash
ion and to make everybody else worship after
that fashion
Moreover: The Pilgrims came first in 1920.
They never were very many They did little colo
nizing. They not the people who settled New
England They were passive rather than aggres-
sfve They were ''separatists.' They had sepa-
rated from the Church Of England and had no
farther concern with the established church OF
their native lanG.
The Puritans began TO arrive in 1890 In the
next decade they came by tens of thousands The
Purftans never separated from the Church Of Eng
land Instead they boosted that they brought II
with them to reform it Hence the persecution
OF which Mr.. Fess speaks. The Puritans would
have none who would not worship as they them
selves did. They converted the Indians. They
executed and whipped Quakers and drove out
secutions" drove Roger Williams to Rhode Island
TO found Providence, and Hooker and Davenport
TO Connecticut to found Hartford and New Haven
They even split up among themselves; about every
generation a church would find itself divided into
factions. whereupOn faction would leave and
found new town and church.
It is from the Puritans that we get the cell
ebrated Puritan conscience; not from the Pill
grims.
However. from political viewpoint the in
huence Of the Pilgrims and Puritans was thu
same The Pilgrims politically represented what
the Puritans furthered. Out Of these church SET
Elements grew the town meeting and local self
government and later the constitutional suprema-
cy idea Of government
In contrast with the Plymouth idea is the
jamestown idea-Out of which ultimately came
the doctrine OF state rights
1t is interesting to note that today the state
rights doctrine is by confined to the
south. while the Capitalization of government
idea is probably stronger the south than in the
north.