Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-04
.slMPL|F|EO AUTO LESSONS
EXPERT TELLS OF WAY COLD
INTERPRETERS WITH ENGINE
rs Soon M There Is Danger OF Frost
NOnfrecxinG ;iuuid should
Bc Used.
BI FRED. G. GlEItRI.ICH. ". l..
Lesson No. tsI.

:
start very easily and run almost r.r
fectiy Immediately, and requires III
tic care other than attention Ia HAY
ing the oil reservoirs and radiator a.
ways properly Giied. and once in .
while having The valves e:"und ;,n'
unfortunately ii viii often take som,
,ms to start The cnsins, and Epecia
.essorics ana parts.
Let Us see why the engine is hard
" start III cold weather:
sou, 10 doubt know that water
.aust bc brought TO :, certain icmpcra
are t.i2 degrees iahr"nh.lD before
:, VIII boil. o., what is the same thing.
s4angc irom / liquid to steam, which
.. = Napor of water. Also that if the
cam strikes cold surface that it
VIII condcnsc and again form water
You can demonstrate this BY simply
l"iding cold plate over a kettle OF
oouins water When the rlatc is re-
urops OF water showing ;htt the steam
OF the boiling water hus condensed.
What is true ct water IS as" true "f
gasoline. only iav gasoline viii Naprr-
iae at much lower temperatures.
spout IS 10 10 degrees. depending
dcnse on Surfaces - cold as ,hs
II is this property Of Naporzin. at
% low a temperatuie COR as engineers
say this w-boiiing poinD, whicn
makes it possible 10 use the gasoline
lis fuel in The gas engine. ~ the luc!
must enter tho cylinders either as Il
liauid will change I" 2as ~ q s,!tl
lower Temperature Wh,N iu "a vacuum.
$50 that tho N.JvuUul iu tn" lUauiirtu
aud carhurctor. due L" jlc sucti'm
STROKE OF tn" eUHiHr. helps IN s"S"-
vacuum ii il douht'u, Una; The cn"inc
could be started az All an cod days.
Condcn>r> 10" ouirki,.
Now. in il,c winter time. the tenn
perature is much lower than 80 de-
igrees. and SO while tho easoiin, VIII
NJ nj f.si n
rotor. and vaporize. due TO the
vacuum, much OF it will condcnsc. III,
and SO run back into the carhurctor,
from which IL Will drip out: Thus, the
mixture which, reaches the cylindcr
Will be, nearly all air aud 50 weak
ia gasoline as not 10 Ignite.
What can be done then TO start the
engine in cold weather and TO Keel
Two 1hngs must be done. For start
ing, the mixture must bc made 50. ricr
IN gas that While much viii c"mdcnsG
ON the way 10 cylinders. enough VIII
llnch them 10 2No nn explosive miN-
tlire. and to Keep tho ,n%iuc going
when the mi%turc as it leaves the ear
Ing =" in a'T n"ni@r "f NV" wa}s s." so,oa ear
iurctors have AN attachment bH when
ne opening Of the n"zli.S c'it lie IN
creased from the dash. while All either
lave Il device for cn"kinE on The an
or flooding the Carhuvctur ~ Avldtus
Gown The iloat.
Printing l. Necessary.
Generally using these printing de
vices viii be ali thai is necessary to
start the engine. hut in extreme co.d
weather it Will often hr neccSSary ~
primc the engine by pouring 4 ntiie
ne compression cocks or spark -p'uG
holes. Warming tn. gasoline used !"t
this purpose ~ placing the can N
which II Is ia ''"i'.me water for =
lille viii hcn whca IL Is found tina,
cvcn by printing "a ihis way The engine
aoes not starr. Spilnins jhY Grant;
Unfortunately there il al present mu
satisfactory way I" supply heat when
g!nc has started. tho air which passes
through the carhurvt"r can bc heated
by placing device. called a stoNc
ever The exhaust pine. 50 as 10 make
ihe air first pass over this hot pipe
l,rom the stove a flexible hose is run
70 the air intake OF the carburctor. Al
shown at ~ fig. is generally placed
lu cold weather this shutter should lie
rioscd. while it should be open in h"1
weather. Most PEOPLE do not know
lie purpose OF this shutter and run
tleir ear with II opcn ~ winter. Tn,
rGine Will run better and start easier
a. II is kept closed.
The manifold ANA carhu:c,or are
often heated by, hot water iackctine
mem. USING the 10, wni%r from The toi
nHrpusc. Many cars have q valve place
BIZ the piping o. this water. so - TO u.
@nle 10 prevent the circulation Of The
water through the jacket in summcl
this valve is generally found near the
Wa;er pump would BE- well 70;
"i,en IN win,Gr. Usually. il is open
Wen the nand>,. is parallel to thc body
As soon a. there is dangcr OF frost
q nonfrcezin% iiuGid SHOULD be put into
ac water in The radiator. The wTitsi
Lies denaturei alcoao! :o: TINS pul-
You can judge The amour, OF alcohol
use from The following table:
twenty i've per cent alcohc,. - water
trec2es at zero; 30 per cent alcohol, -
HA'er freezes ~ = degrees below zero
per cent alco1o!, 60 watc:, freezes a;
=" degrees ucloW Ac:o.
IG tirs Tho alcohol viii cyapor,.c
"nl 50 some additional liquid must 10,
aA!ed from time 10 time. No rule can
pe given for tais. rs In car the Nutci
~ which has tendency TO Dol In,
ticohql Viii .cvapora:c quicker ,hau Oh,
which the water IS compa:a,lvctl
t2oi II will also eNaroratr qnicScl
ono little driven
1T is often = good practice 10 cove,
the lower portion Of thu radiator so a,
prevent ;ho passage OF the al,
through 1t. II the water in tile radiaioi
removed.
Those who ar, using neavy Or
tgir engine may do Well 10 use
by eonsealn- Mn make tie gr,rik -.
4 he ens.ne difficult ana 50 ma Ii
IT j. Worth while wa,chin. tne open.
3hS Of the spark plug points j. winter
l,sinS ms VIII often prove a hcip il
starting tho engine. Thcy must MOI Il,
open too far
In cold weather you use up ,Ae cur
eIrnt IN YOU stornsa battery mucl
= qhicHcr IMAM in Summcr aud it NAV n.
necessary 10 haNo j charged ouj,!di
odicaHy even Though yop ala NO.
mo lhis 10 DC ~" case iUr,ug ~,
warmer months. !: the battery bc r.,r.
discharged, il Viii r"su', I'm IN.
Il tnGlnc being crani>ed so slowly tat 81.
"dchon viii be weak and III. ltngt| n
time during which the miS,ura coInc,
(" cohl:ct WIN the cold naulfoid Mi
coinparai !yc,y great. So Mat III.
"id''li2 WI. he maic moe d.fIiyuit