davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01

cots, made up their hunks army fash ion. and slept in it.
 To the spectators who daily crowded the courtroom, there was one figure among the twelve good men and true who made a particular impression-J. 0. Calhoun, Of Douglas. An elderly man, in fact, the oldest on the jury, MT. Calhoun attracted attention at first because it was generally the opin- ion that he did not appear able to with stand the ordeals of the long session But every day, as the jury walked to its place. MT. Calhoun was always on hand, walking as energetically as some of the most youthful members. Not once during the trial did his face ever show the slightest line of weariness or worry.
 And every member of the jury will swear by MT. Calhoun. He is an in tensely religious man. Several days after he and the other eleven men were sworn in the question of amuse- ment during evenings and recesses arose. The movies became popular. Although movies are not his idea of the highest form of recreation, Mir Calhoun raised no objection. Some of the jurors developed into veritable movie fans and insisted on going to the theatre every night.
 Now listen here, boys" said Mir Calhoun, I'm perfectly willing to agree to anything you want to do when we're not in court. I'll play horse shoes every afternoon and listen to your stories and arguments and go to the movies with you six nights week. But on the seventh night. Sunday, you've all got to agree to whatever I want to do"
 The rest of the jury agreed. Sunday night came and they started out with MT Calhoun. After q few minutes walk they found themselves following him down the aisle of the little church here. And. .when the singing started, Mir. Calhoun stepped to his feet. drew a pencil from his pocket and. using it as a baton, lead the jury in singing. To some of the jurors who had spent the greater part of their lives out on
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01

ROBERT NAPOLEON FRENCH More popularly known as Bob French, county attorney of Ju- chise county, who personally di- rected the prosecution of the Wootton case
 Bob" carried a heavier load on his shoulders during the Wootton trial than any other man. For the last year MT. French has given up practically everything else in the county attorneys office to devote his entire time to the prosecution of the deportation cases. At vari- ous times during the Wootton trial it was obvious that there was a marked difference of opinion, to say the least, among Bob" ana his assistants, but Bob" made it known that he was county attor- ney and, as such, intended to con- duct the prosecution along his own lines
 From beginning to end of the trial, Bob" French was one of the few mon interested in the case who retained the friendship of all parties on either side. Bob" put up hard, conscientious fight to bring the trial to q verdict of guilty. but it was clean, square fight and not once did he incur the ill will of even the defendants whom he has been endeavoring for year to convict.
 Bob" was out of the case for several weeks on account of ill health, but he came back into it as soon as physicians would allow him to, and continued the prosecu- tion with more vigor than ever.
 Bob" was born in Wise county, Virginia, May r, 1861, and re- mained in.his native state, as law yer, editor and public official, un- til 1901, when he moved to Douglas Ariz. He continued to practise law in Douglas until November, 1918. when he was elected county attor-
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01
THE WOOTTON TRIAL

That the men who participated in the Bisbee deportation would be pro- secuted was first definitely establish ed in November, 1918, when the pres ent county attorney. Robert N. French, was elected to office-as this had been one of French's prediction pledges.
 First active steps in the prosecution of the cases was taken July 10. 1919, when warrants were issued and served on about 50 prominent citizens of the Warren District. During the two weeks that followed, approximately 300 men were named as defendants in
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01
THE STORY OF THE BISBEE DE
 FORMATION

On or about June 9th. 1917. two months after the United States had declared war against Germany, a strike of copper miners was called in the Butte. Montana. district by the Metal Mine Workers Industrial Union. the metal workers branch of the Indus trial Workers of the World
 In the few months that followed. strikes were also called bv the I. W. w. in various camps throughout Ari- zona. Globe, Miami, Morenci, Ray. Clifton and many smaller mining dis tricts were affected by these strikes. The demands made by the l. w. W. strike committees in every camp were practically the same.
 On June 26th, 1917. set of de- mands was presented to each of the three biz copper producing companies in the Warren District. The demands were given to the mine officials at 1:30 o'clock in the afternoon, with the word that, unless these demands were granted by five o'clock the same after noon, strike would be called. There
 CONTINUED ON PAGE FOcR)
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01
The Twelve Men
 Who Tried Case

Here are the twelve men who decid. cd the case, with a brief Who's Who:
 J. c. CALHOUN: Home in Douglas. Age about 64. Married and has two children in Douglas. Served two years ago as inspector of street paving in Douglas. Served with Union forces in the Civil War.
 AMOS GRETTON: Home near Douglas. Age past 60. Saw filler and tinker Not married. A resident of, and near, Douglas for two years.
 ANDREW MCPHERSON: Home between McNeal and Whitewater. Age about 2S Dry farmer. Spent great deal of life with Mormon colony at Colonia Morales, Mexico, but left there in 1911 on account of revolution. Mar risd and has two children
 FRANK E. BROWN: Home in Will COX. Age about 46 Janitor for both banks at Wilcox Came from Canadi- an border to Arizona about two years ago.
 JESSE E. CURTIS: Home three miles from Bowie Age 25. Served with National Army in war with Ger many. Cattleman and rancher.
 CLIFFORD R. WEESE: Home be- tween Cochise and Pearce. Served at Camp Funston in war until rejected for service on account of throat trou- ble.
 LEE HOLLAND: Home 12 miles east of Douglas in locality known as Poverty Flats. Resident of Arizona for ten years. Age about 47. Rancher and stockman.
 W. l.. PATTERSON: Home three miles from Benson. Age about SO. Was formerly printer and is well known throughout newspaper offices in the state.
 JOHN A. JONES': Home near Sun- nyside, west of Huachuca mountains. Cattleman. Age 2S. Recent arrival from New Mexico. Served in army during the war.
 HENRY RICHARDS: Home be. tween Hereford and Buena. Poultry raiser Age "A. Formerly a dairyman in Oregon. Came to Arizona for his health.
 JESSE E. AMALONG: Lives at Eli Dorado. Age 36. Married and has two children. Cattleman. A native of Ari- zona.
 BYRON K. RIGGS: Lives at Fl Dorado where he and brother are prominent cattlemen. Married and has four children. Has been engaged in cattle business for years and is one of most prominent stock mon in the state
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01
TWELVE MEN DECLARE WOOTTON NOT GUILTY OF KIDNAPPING N
 FIRST IF DEPORTATION CASES
CONTINUED FROM PAGE oNE)

lieve that these men were harmless? ? Can We read their literature without thinking that they were without con- science and without heart?
 'When we he=r the hiss of the
 chicken snake, We do not fear. be-
 cause we know that no danger
 accompanies it, but when we hear
 the rattle of the rattIesnake, we
 are on the alert fo- life itself
 The people nf the Warren min-
 ing district heard the warning of
 the rattiesnake, and they were
 afraid. ..
 MT. Burges then entered upon an examination of the reputation of Capt. Harry c. Wheeler, his character, his life public office anG the motives which must have animated him ill the conception and execution of the deportation. He then drew a dstinc- tion between the witnesses for the prosecution and those of the defense, laying particular stress upon the fact that the latter wero actual residents of the Warren District, who had been the actual sufferers under the cam paign of intimidation which the I. w. ". had initiated. He pointed out that the witnesses for the state were prompted by the thought of the pos sible results of their damage suits now pending.
 The sreaKer continued with an out. line of the principles or the Industrial Workers of the World, their litera ture and their practice, characteriz- ing those who could write. or read honestly, such compositions as their songs as being men who would rN only bear watching, but who would need watching.
 Wootton Singled Out
 The entire foundation Of the caae was then eXhibited-2 community as sailed, a community defending itself, and a community. appearing before the court to vindicate itself. In this exposition Mir Burges placed pay- ticular emphasis on the fact that Wootton was chosen 8 sacrifice for the 1900 who participated in the Ge. portation -
 French Closes
 Mir. French's argument T-as com- plete examination of all the testi- mony e He not only covered the ground which had been goneyover by his colleagues. put he examined all the points which they had overlooked. His speech was forceful, clear. and delivered with such an appearance of sincerity in his cause and desire to perform his full duty that it was listened to with the greatest atten- tion during the entire time of dcliv- cry. At it's close. he was made the recipient of many congratulations, one of which came from Judge Pattee after the announcement had been made that the jury lrad reached yer dict
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01

lieve that these men were harmless Can We read their literature without thinking that they were without con- science and without heart?
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01

CONTINUED ON PAGE FocR
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01

WILLIAM G. GILMORE-The only Cochise county attorney who took an active part in court with counsel for the defense.
 Mir Gilmore is a pioneer attor- ney of Tombstone and, on Febru- ary 12, 1912, was elected the first county attorney for Cochisc. He had served from 1910 to 1912 as city attorney Of Tombstone and probably knows more about the legal history of that town and Co- chise than any other attorney in the state
 MT. Gilmore. to a great extent, took care of the "local end" of the Wootton case, his knowledge of local people and conditions serv- ing many times to smooth out the rough places that Mir Burges and MT. Curley. both outside attorneys, encountered in preparing and sub mitting their case.
 He was born in Ohio, attended the public schools at St. Mary's and studied law in the Ohio North ern University, graduating with the degrees of Master of Science and Bachelor Of Law. MT. Gilmore has done effective work in penal code revision in this state, direct ing much of this work to proceed ure in criminal trials.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01

the final argument by William H. Burges. of Fl Paso chief counsel for the defense.
 Two noints were to be oonsidered Inv tha iurv. according tc the charge given them by Judge Pattoe. tho first was whether Fred BI own, was kid manned anG forciblv taker into New Mexico or whether. as tho defensc contended. he had baan Fiven the CD- portuaitv of getting out of the line O fdeported mon and had refused. The second point to be considered. in- structed the court. was whether or not the deportation of the 1175 mon from the Warren district wPs iusd- fled hy the fact that the citiZeis of the district had reason to believe that serious loss Of life and property would result if they vera not te- ported. 10th points were bitterly con tested during final arguments.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01
WHEELER AGAIN
 MAKES DEFENSE
 IF HIS ACTION
Former Captain of Rangers, Veteran of Two Wars and Sheriff n Deportation,
 Tells of Events in 1917
BY HARRY c. WHEELER

1 am frequently asked my present ideas, thoughts and sentiments con cerning my action in having ordered the deportation of the l. w. w. from Bisbee on July 12, 1917. Do ever re- gret my actions? Do l still believe the deportation to have been necessary? Which law did I invoke. if any? Was | the deportation my only course?
 These are questions often asked of me by friend and foe alike. In answer , to the first question, l can truthfully say I regretted then. and regret now, that necessity made the deportation the only possible solution of a danger, national and local. too great to be | faced without state or federal aid. And l had appealed to both of these sources of authority prior to the deportation without receiving any tangible, or ef- fective response.
 regret the necessity-I do not re- i gret the action taken.
 Was it my only course? No. There was one other course: To have await ed the inevitable conflict of thousands of armed men in those narrow, wind ing streets of Bisbee-one side urged on by love of home, family and coun- try, determined to preserve and pro- i tect at all costs such holy heritages:
 the other side equally urged by hatred
 of such heritages, to destroy and an- nihilate. This was my only remaining alternative; the result would have
 been the same in the end. The loyal
 element of the district would have pre- vailed: the l. w w. with it's vast pre-
 ponderance of ignorant foreigners,
 would have been destroyed and driven
 from the district But at what costi
 Which laws did I invoke? The law
 of self defense, necessity, applied then and does still apply to the destruction
 of Dropertv to save property. to the
 setting fire of prairie or forest to save
 life, to the taking of one life to pre-
 serve another. Then, is it illogical to
 have applied this law wherein the
 lives of many. as well as the welfare
 of the county itself in time of war,
 was involved?
 l The I. w. w. designated all who par : ticipated against them as "gun-thugs." , company men" and "hirelings:" they !; claim that the deDortation was enact ed in company interests, etc. In an
 swer, the fact stands forth that 1900 loyal men, among them 400 union men. , all members of my posse. kept the se- cret of the deDortation from the I. w. w. all the nieht of July II. 1917. No : leak during 12 hours of secret pos
 sessed by 1900 meni Such loyalty to my given cause can only indicate that
 the Americans of the Bisbee district were acting in the interest of them- , selves. their homes. their community , and their country and not in the inter- , ests of anyone else.
 No, am not sorry for the act: of !, the necessity for it. yes. Who is not? A man can but determine the right or the wrong of a thing according to
 the influence of his own conscience.
 This I have done. I stand bv what I did. Let every man hoist his own col
 ors and be true to them. be what they
 may. 1 am true to mine. and shall so , remain
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01

FRANK E. CURLEY- Assist ant chief counsel for the defense. MT. Curley has practised law in Tucson since 1907 and was former ly city attorney of that city. Al though the junior member of the Burges-Curley-Gilm team, MT Curley was "in action" in court during the Wootton trial more than any other attorney. In exam ming the hundreds of jurors who were summoned, the state had three attorneys who took turns -- questioning the panels; the de- fense used. but one attorney in this work-Curley. It was primar- fly MT. Curley who started, waged and finally won the defense's bat tie to keep from getting on the jury any men whose loyalty to the government was doubtful.
 During his thirteen years resi- dence in Arizona, MT. Curley has taken part in some of the most inn portant litigation in the courts of this state. Until the deportation cases came he had never made speciality of criminal law. MT. Cur ley's work in the. Wootton case, however, has already placed him in the front rank of this class in the southwest. His ability as lawyer is backed up by two big as sets: personal appearance and personality, and these qualities make it easy to understand why the Tucson attorney has made so : many friends in Cochise county, both inside and outside the court room, since the deportation litiga- ton was started.P
 MT. Curley was forced to drop O, of the case on April 18th on accoul ,f a sudden attack Of acute appendiC is, the illness come, just as the defen: had completed presentation of case. MT. Curley's absence was kee y felt during the remainder of Il rial, sickness, however did not COT oletely keep him out of the case f' le received almost hourly bulletin rom the courthouse at Tombstor turing his period of convalesCence.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01

10th, and the actual trial of Wootton was started immediately after.
 The state called and had sworn in 3S witnesses upon opening it's presen- tation of testimony. Only four of these were called when the state offered its case, the principal testimony being giv- en by Fred w. Brown, whom Wootton was specifically charged with having kidnapped. Brown has been working in the county attorneys office for a year as deputy sheriff, confining his work to securing witnesses and evi- dence for the prosecution of the cases.
 The state rested its cases on March 11th.
 In opening it's side or the litigation, the defense announced that it's case was based upon the application of the laws of self defense and necessity to the situation at Risbee at the time of the deportation. Tn the absence of the jury, the points were vigorously ar gued for several days. The defense made lengthy avowals that it would
 
 called as part of nationwide anti government conspiracy fostered by the I. w. w., and that the deportation was necessary to prevent serious loss of life and property in the Warren Dis trict.
 The state fought hard to keep any reference to the I. w. w from getting to the jury After considerable discus sion and the citation or almost innum- erable authorities by both sides, Judge Pattee took the matter under consider ation. On March 24th he handed down his ruling, denying the right of the de- fense to use the law of self defense in its case. but allowing the introduction of testimony and evidence which might show that the deportation came with in the law of necessity.
 The defense supported its claims that the deportation was necessary with mass of documentary evidence concerning the revolutionary doctrines and practise of the l. w. w. with let ters showing the direct connection of the strike at Bisbee with other I. w w. movements during the summer of 1917. and with the testimony of 30 wit nesses, who told of attacks made upon men and women by the I. w. w. of threats of personal violence. destrucc- tion of lives and propertv and other lurid promises made by the I. w. w.
 The defense rested its case on April 18th. after Wootton had taken the stand and testified in his own behalf.
 More than 2 week was used Inv the state in rreserting rehuttal testi- nrOrv The d-feree use1 two davs in su~rehuttal hrqrmorts we've stNrted before the iurv on Anvil 2Sth ana concluded April 30th By agre sment of Consul Judge Pattee gave the jury instructions as to the laws that must be considered by them before the arguments were started Assistant County Attorney Ceorce Roark oner- cd the arguments for the state. A. A. Wo~slev of Tucson, made the sec ond arcument and County Attorney French closed for the state. The de fense, handicapped by the illness of MT Curley. offered only two argu- ments the first being made bv w. C Gilmore, of Tombstone, associated with tho defense since the inception the prosecution of the cases, and
Bisbee daily review., 1920-05-01

the cattle ranges, far from any temple or church, this was rather novelty. As one juror said to q friend, after the jury was dischargeds "D'yuh
 know, that sure was an awIuI srock to
 an old cow-hand like me, but I stuck
 to it. Dawg-gone me, if don't believe
 I've got the habit for good new. And ! 1 sort of like it, too"
 1 There is probably not a member of
 the jury who exactly regrets having
 served in the WoottOn case. but it is 1 doubtful if one of them would care to
 go through with it again. Lasting l friendships were formed among some
 of them, old friendships were renewed between others and there were many | little incidents that helped to divert ] their minds from thinking and worry 1 ing about how things were going at
 home" But no jury in the southwest
 has ever gone through with such ! long, tedious case and it is not to be wondered at that all heaved big sigh | of relief and almost started running
 for home as soon as they were dis ! charged by the court.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-03
Improper Treatment Leads to a
Serious Stage.

Because You have doubtless been
saiyky comfortable through the
mild summer months, and free
from the soreness and irritation Of
thss1nembranes, idoE not make the
MISTAKE of thinking that you are
rida of your. Catarrh.! For; if you
suffered With this disease last win.
tef, Il, will again be with you in all
its severity unless you have elm
mated entirely from the blood the
germs which cause the disease,
Are yoplaoing to further temper.
issswishs a. disease that leads to
such 8 serious condition? Don't
you know. thatyou can use gallons
upon gallons !, of local treatment
without the slightest permanent
beneht1 Just give the matter a lit
/ tie careful thought, and you will
realize that it is but waste, of
time and money, besides seriously
5Gopatdizing your health, to con-
einue method of treatment that
has proven. Of, so little value in
making any real progress toward
genuine benefit.
First of all find out lust what
causes your Catarrh. If it !, was
merely local irritation and in
Examination of the delicate Innings
Of the nose, throat and air pas.
sages, then you might reasonably
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-03
, ASK FOR NJ !.l RlES,PA.y!
Naiprt 81 Pastotssfn This s, D6a t. tsy
S Said to CO less Th4 ' !:
s1.ooosa Year M ss Z:

Rochester, N. y. ], Marsaa
Of the aims of the ipterschYyc ss sorlla 4
movement, as ANNOUNCED Fss sAs
Yesterdays session Of tEe Stste &6F.
ference is to improve gene 81
conditions by bringing the salary Of
active ministers up to, q tlgins, stan;t
dard and to adequately nehss5os reg,
sirediministers. ~ -
Statistics, showi.-:, The peeisfoss
such action, not .,niy assE nlatteE 6
Justice but as s.. matter Of vital
importance to the, welfare aeyelep-
1nent*.of the church ard Christian
religion, were given by tha Rev: +.
s. Smith, of Indianapolis an, au-
thority on ministerial re..e1
Smith said that moro than orc
half Of. the ITO, 1000. nnnistessnin The
United States receive salaries les=
than 81, 600 a year. The average
Of the MINISTERS in seven leading de-
nominations is SLIP.
Theological, schools are losing IN
registration largely because. the nigh
cost acf: ,.ix:ing and the lev minister
ial ss&siys iaoi;not; harmonic, he said :
Regiskfasion in Theological SEMI
nariss shad fallen 20, per cent since
1875 iisas: 81 result, one third! Of
the pulpits, are; without. pastors and
one hiaa Ii t to,f those having pastors
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1920-03-03

have men who are unframed 'forr
their work, he said. /
s. ASIA result of the small salaries r,
i, ss ia sinjs the past to ministers, Smith
SAD. theses were 15,77s2 persons en-
rolled Northumberland relief. Of this
;;altssmber ;,asper cent are retired nun
fsteES a1s3Ys per cent children OF
psaiisss 5sa Il 81
IfESpsaSsseesving pensions, So 1-2
''o q II feceiFa Sess than $500 a
sgsen $500 and
$50 and only 8 f-2 per cent over
$500 .asyear