davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1920-10-21
Growth Of the Cities.

A Cleveland editor once said that
Cincinnati's chief business was "pork
and politics." observes Girard in the
Philadelphia Press.
You have been told in advertise
ments a million times that a certain
beer "made Milwaukee famous"
Everybody knows that Washington,
d. c., has n big MISUNDERSTANDING
down government jobs.
The new census figures from these
cities, all above 100000. are signif-
cant.
Pork population increased only 10
per cent in a decade, while beer popu-
lation expanded % per cent. Both
look small compared with the growth
In government job population of 80
per cent.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1920-10-21
Quit Lecture, Says Boy
Sent to Death Chair

Jesse Walker, 10, who killed
Samuel Wolchock in his sta
tionery store at 2OS Wyckoff ave
nue., Brooklyn, when attempting
to rob the store, was arraigned
for sentence before Supreme
Court Justice Fawcett in Brook
Ign. The Justice addressed the
prisoner for several minutes,
speaking Of the gravity of the
crime, out Walker shifted his
feet uneasily. Then he burst
out:
"I'm not here for a lecture. l
am here to be sentenced"
The justice regarded the youth
gravely for q moment and with
out further comment sentenced
him to die in the electric chair
at Sing Sing.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1920-10-21
Railroad Solves Important Problem.

Bedford. Ind.-Oficials Of the Mo-
non railroad quickly solved the hous-
ing problem for Jess Enochs, in charge
Of a section gang at Salem. The house
occupied by Enochs and his family had
been sold and there was not q vacant
one In town. so the railroad SEM q
combination sleeping and dining car,
which Enochs has transformed into a
dve-room bungalow.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1920-10-21
Ambition Egaed Him On.

Cincinnati, O.-Why keep hens7 Jo-
seph Rosemeyer ate an egg that cost
him $02. Six months ago Rosemeyer
bought "a hens. He was told it would
take some little time for them to be-
come accustomed to their new sur
roundings. 1t did-six months, and at
= cost Of $G2 before the first G ap-
Deared.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1920-10-21
AirpIanes for Sighting Fish,,

AlrpIanes which were used to spof
submarines may now be employed to
sight schools Of fishes. The met1hod
mas Deer employed off Toulouse
France. with success. An airplans
discovered n big bank Of fishes and
Immediately gave the signal to some
hshermen. VIII" hnstened to tho ~
and made a great catch.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02

Dempsey and Carpenter may not
meet in 20" says headline. The
Frenchman says he can do Il in six
and Champion Jack believes that one
will be long enough.
Mordeeai Brown stlll thinks he can
fool 'em In the Three-Eye. lie used 20
fool a lot OF the two-eye kind.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02
PARK DOYs MEET TONIGHT.

The weekly meeting OF the Richard
son Park Club will be held tonight in
the usual place.
All those desiring to join the club
win attend the meeting and express
their desire The club expects TO have
two baseball teams on the field this
year, one in the Suburban. League, the
other TO be made up OF candidates
which do not make the first team. and
20 be known as The Richardson Park
Reserves. All players on this team will
be members OF the club. and A. B. Mote
has been elected manager. The Re
serves Will play on the Park ground
every Saturday the league team is away.
so that the Park fans VIII not be dis
appointed any Saturday.
The social committee. IN charge OF
George Hughes. has a social arranged
for April 2i in tho school house.
Manager Hastings announces the FIRST
game will be played at Newport on
April ~.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02
GzI0 Has Remarkable Pair of Youngsters
F7zey Plug up That Ined Make Way for Mats Near Top

And It's going TO be tough win
ter in the ONeill family II Jimmy helps
70 keep Steve out OF that world series
coin next fall
Griffith has decided that Jimmy shall
play short for the Nationals. The
young fellow is showing great form.
But that isn't all-he has Stanley
Raymond Harris. another youngster at
second.
Old-timers say they're the best key
stone pair that has broken into the
big show In many springs. just what
they'll do under heavy fire remains
to be seen.
They have. been tried and found
wanting In nothing-ln the minors. II
they can contiue the pace in fas.. COM
pany Grinlth IS just about assured
OF flrst-divislon club this season.
In six years Jimmy O'Neill has been
on three, pennant-winning leams-Bing-
hamton In the New York State, Albany
in the New York State and Shreve-
port In the Texas. He was with the
Texas Leaguers last season.
Harris played second base at Buffalo.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02
BY FRED TURBYVILLE
n II A Cnorfs Fdifor

En- Route With Senators. April 2-Is
there going to be a Cain-Abel battle
in the American League this summer
Jimmy Leo ONeill. the youngest
brother OF a famous baseball family
to break into the big leagues. is short
stopping for the Washington Nationals
this spring
And the Washington aggregation al
ways was tough picking for the Cleye-
land Indians.
Jimmy ONeilrs brother, steve. is
star catcher with the Indlans-the IA.
vorite in the American.
Just put It down again this sprinr
we're poison for those Indians
Clark Griffith speaking.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02
E'()E'RI3!ssA:r.s sS2zI|
II was a bleaklsh day in spring.

The wind was blowing chill,
When Ardent Golfer visited
The club--as golfers Will.
His thoughts turned to lne days or Joy
That soon were TO begin;
His face-so sour the winter through
Now wore a cheerful grin
He stood beside the first tee box
And gazed the whole course DER
And dreamed about the rubber pill
He soon would cause 90 soar.
He dreamed about his game last year
And how this year, mayhap.
He'd have 20 cam0ulage his scores
TO keep his handicap.
"l'll show a whole lot better class"
lie muttered to himself,
This summer | Will put a score
or trophies on my shelf
But though l Try almighty hard
never can repeat
That three l shot on n
I'll never, never beat.
| never VIII forget that day,
Twas early In July"
A bullfrOg In the nearby pond
Cried hoarsely: what a llei
I well recall that very day
hVA NAaiiitd % ltI ildl mole.
You lost your BAN right In this pond
And never told a soulw
Whereat the Ardent Golfers grin
Became frown as black as sin.
Az that the speckled collar Georges
Carpenter wore when he landed in this
country showed a lot more class than
the patent leather shoes Dempsey wore
in the shipyard.
Bill Bryan Is trying to break into the
majors again. Somebody ought 10 tell
him they've changed the rules lately.
Ball players who hold out for bigger
salaries sometimes forget that what
they i've on Is not only money but me
applause they get from the stands.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02

He was quite a star in the big minor
league.
Harris and o'Nelll have been pulling
of a lot OF double plays around sec
ond. They work well together. Both
are fast and clever nelders and they're
strong with the bat and on the bases
Griff had a big hole 10 plug up in
that infeld. lie has Joe Judge on first
and Joe Leonard on third. The vet
Grams will be assigned the task Of keep
ing the youngsters down.
lw the kids come through. and they
give good indications OF that. Griff viii
have a nice team. Roth Rice and
Milan make up a corllng good outfleld.
Charity, Picinich and Torres make
up a good catching staff.
Besides the great Walter Johnson IN
the box, Griff has Shaw, Erickson and
Schacht. right handlers, and Courtney
and Zachary, left siders.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02
Gnsnl HOW Ii FADED.

ST. PETERSBURG. Fla. April a.
Babe Ruth went Into a rock shop at
Palm Beach the other day and asked
the price OF one OF "those trlnkets."
When the clerk told him Il was only
s36. 600 but that they had some much
nicer ones the Babe beat II. His $4,000
a year salary had ioS its -kck."
Evening journal., 1920-04-02
PuPuA YG TEAcHEn.

CAMBRIDGE. Msss.. April i-Whsz
the Crimson oarsmen clash with the
Yale crew this spring there viii b4
keen rivalry between the head coached
OF the schools as well. William Haines,
OF Harvard, was once the pupil Of Guy
Niokalls, the English veteran, who Il
back at Yale.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02
sum- poison Fon INDIANS.

In eight years the washington
team has beaten Cleveland i26 times.
Cleveland in that time has won 70
contests. Looks as II the Mats had
the indian sign on the Indians.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02

There's human interest. practical
suggestions, glorious opportunltles-a
chance for everybody In the want ads.
ADV.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02

Carpenter, according 10 reports. has
brought clothes enough 10 America
to stock a store. Diamonds used TO ze
used to Impress the populace with ones
opulonoe, but now It's silk shirts.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02

They knocked Johnny Coulon cuckoo
In France-but not so cuckoo that he
wanted 10 sell his Chicago fiat buildings.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02

Babe Ruth may not be a bloomer
with the Yankees, but the Yankees may
be a bloomer with Ruth.
Evening journal., 1920-04-02

"And h IL wssds . svDe1s
Turks
That bitss NJ q - neeoo
What remedy win b psop
scribed7
Some root bssr, l suppossr
Evening journal., 1920-04-02

The pessimistic golfer moans
This sad and fearful stuf--
"Supposing come bright dag
next month
| slice into the rough
Clearwater Republican. [volume] (Orofino, Idaho) 1912-1922, 1920-12-31
APPROVE HIGHWAY PROJECTS
Preliminary Estimate Of Cost Of I'm
proyements Is Approximately
$3c4. goo eco.

Up TO June 30, 1920. 1855 projects
involving a total of o9319 miles OF
road had been approved by the sec
rotary of agriculture. The prelim-
mary estimate of the COST of these
projects is approximately 1884. 9O0. 900
of which approximately sl63S4l 100
will be approved as federal aid. On
the same date 2.116 projects repre-
sentine approximately 1914 miles had
either been completed or were under
construction. The estimated total cost
Of these projects IN various stages of
construction and completed. is $780,
100000. The total cost of federal-aid
work approved by the secretary 10 the
10 months subsequent to the signing
of the armistice and prior TO July 1,
1920. which is approximately 1890. OOO.-
900. exceeded by S63.O00.0OO the cost
Of all road and bridge work done by
states and counties in this country in
1915. The value of the work COM
pleted during that period amounted to
$50. 100000. rate Of construction
equaling that of the Panama canal.
Clearwater Republican. [volume] (Orofino, Idaho) 1912-1922, 1920-12-31

er, the seller does not tell the buyer
the horse will haul two tons in the
country
The farmer knows his conditions
and what he can expect.
In view of the fact that farmers
are using an ever increasing number
Of motortrucks. it is interesting TO
note what a leading transportation au-
thority recently said about doing
this with trucks. that is, calling them
two, three, four. etc. ton trucks.
obviously 1t is as illogical for Z
notortruck manufacturer to label his
truck twoton hauler as it would be
for horse dealer to say how much
horse would haul. Clearly In either
case the load which may be transport
ed depends almost entirely upon condi-
tons. For this reason leading manu-
facturers have abolished the ton rat
ing method and are fitting the trucks
to the job. A transportation engineer
goes over the hahler's. conditions thor
oughly. All his difficulties and ad-
vantages are carefully considered, and
the proper size unit prescribed. Thus.
a truck formerly rated at two tons
may be used for four-ton load in the
city, while in an unusually bad Sec
ton Of the country unit with larger
rated horse power capacity may be
necessary. if the owner is to prevent
wasteful depreciation"
In other words, manufacturers are
taking advantage Of the experience
gained in horse hauling. They real
ize it takes ''ten horses on loose gravel
and one on concrete" They are sell
ing their transportation accordingly.
Clearwater Republican. [volume] (Orofino, Idaho) 1912-1922, 1920-12-31
ROAD
bUILDING
MUCH DEPENDS ON HIGHWAYS
LEADING Manufacturers Have Abol.
ished Ton Rating and Are Fitting
Trucks to the Job.

Every farmer knows that horses
efficiency depends to large extent
upon the roads over which It hauls.
For example: One horse on concrete
road will pull as much as two horses
on macadam highway. The same
load on good earth road requires
Ave horses and on loose gravel. ten.
Obviously 1t Is to the haulers' ad-
vantage to have roads permitting the
hauling OF maximum loads with mini
mum OF power.
II horse drawing two-ton loads
over city pavemeRts is sold to farm
Clearwater Republican. [volume] (Orofino, Idaho) 1912-1922, 1920-12-31
Unconventional.

An old woman from Sullivan county
came to a recent convention held at
Indianapolis. Now. never before had
she attended a convention, and she
had very strange ideas of conven-
tions-such as to thinking that they
were made up Of banquets. parties.
etc But this one was just line OF
lectures. lectures. lectures. And the
old lady did not like 1t at all.
At the close of the last day she went
back to her hotel, weary. disappointed
and hungry. She saw another dele
gate and began to talk to her Of the
weeks lectures. mo. indeed. have
not liked this" she said emphatically,
"and more than that. know l shall
never be a conventional woman
Indianapolis News.
Clearwater Republican. [volume] (Orofino, Idaho) 1912-1922, 1920-12-31
MAINTAINING DIRT HIGHWAY
Blade Grader 10 Best Tool to
Stand Heavy Work

The best tool for use on earth road
maintenance Is q light-blade grader.
Where patrol system Of maintenance
Is used. this system Is the very best.
The ideal grader is one strong enough
to stand the required strain when
pulled by four horses In cleaning out
bitches and other necessary work that
is too heavy for two horses. yet light
enough and SO constructed that the
draft viii be such that two horses can
easily pull II when doing ordinary
grader work.
Clearwater Republican. [volume] (Orofino, Idaho) 1912-1922, 1920-12-31
Meaning Of .caII,. a Market Term.

A 'call." in market pariance is con-
tract giving the purchaser the option
to buy commodity or security at a
fixed price, within fixed time. 1t is
used in speculation in grain. cotton,
stocks and foreign exchange. When
German marks. for example. are sell
ing for 1.6 cents, broker will sell for
sS5 the privilege of buying $4,000
marks. within nine months, at Sc
cents each. If the price within that
period goes above SO cents. the holder
of the call can purchase at that price
and sell at the prevailing market
price, and have the difference as a
profit. If the price does not reach the
quotation named in the "call," the
money. spent for it is lost.
Clearwater Republican. [volume] (Orofino, Idaho) 1912-1922, 1920-12-31
Attention, O,ogenes.
Diogenes, wake up.
uaro's ynur honest man

DiOEefttS, WAhc up
Here's your honest man!
Right here In Houston. recently. a
man entered the consolidated railway
ticket office and purchased ticket for
n child more than five years old. Then
he promptly tore the ticket up.
It developed that a woman, accom-
panied by child departed from Hous-
ton within the last rev days for city
more than 1000 miles away. but did
not obtain transportation for the child.
When the ticket was bought the p'r-
chaser was asked when the party was
going. He replied. "They have already
gone"
Then it developed that the man, con-
science-stricken at the thought OF
cheating the railroads out OF the cost
Of chIld's ticket, decided to follow the
old adage. Better late than never.
Houston Post.
Clearwater Republican. [volume] (Orofino, Idaho) 1912-1922, 1920-12-31
LACK INCUBATION AND LIME
Cause Of Failure Of Many Alfalfa
Seedlings Reported TO Iowa Exp6u-
mont Station This Year.

Out of l,073 alfalfa seedlings report.
ed to the Iowa experiment station this
year. 1875 per cent failed. or these
failures. 1877 per cent were due to
lack of InoculafI0n, lack Of lime. or
both. incubation ID very important.
II Ia estimated that incubation and
lime are beneficial for alfalfa on about
nine -ienths Of the Iowa soils.
Clearwater Republican. [volume] (Orofino, Idaho) 1912-1922, 1920-12-31
An Effort at Ionic.

"You say you want equal opportu-
nifty for everybody" said the man who
tries to be fair.
Il do" answered the anarchist.
"And you are protesting against in
iustice?"
II am"
'Then why don't you give the inno-
cent bystander chance for his life
when you plant a bomb?"
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1920-05-12
SPICER-ON-GREEN-LAKE

Mrs. Gust Monson from near Grove
City. was guest OF relatives at Ringo
Lake and Twin Lakes last week. She
returned home Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Johnson autoed
here from near Cokato Sunday morning
and visited at the Aug. Moller home
Mrs. John u. Monson, until Monday
morning.
Emil Erickson returned Monday from
! a visit with relatives and friends at
four years service in the T. S. Navy.
Mrs: Miller Olson arrived from Will
cottage by the lake.
Mrs: w. Conway returned to Willmar
! Saturday after few days visit with
Sy ber sstsE Mas
| who visited there over Sunday.
MIR. and Mrs. Aus: Moller very pleas
antly entertained relatives last Sunday.
| Enock Nelson last Saturday.
| Mrs. ]. Albert Peterson and son, AL
len arrived Wednesday from their home
at lhlen. Minn., for visit with rela-
| tives here.
A baby boy arrived at the home of
| Mr. and Mrs. Fredolf Hultgren Mon
day, May 3rd.
Mrs. ii. o. Olson returned the latter
part OF the week from few days stay
IN the Cities where she went to consult
|
from Atwater, visited relatives and
friends here the first part of last week
| ReV. \. NJ. Lunde will conduct ser
| vices in the Norwegian Zion church
next Sunday at o'clock a. M Sunday
| school at 10 O'clock
| Services will be held in the Swedish
ca1acll next Sunday afternoon at 5
| Q CLOCK. Sunday school at 2 o'clock.
Key: A: F.: Amer pastor
The q. +. johnson family, who have
neen = occupying the upstairs rooms in
| the kloster residence, moved last week
TO the Castle farm, where Mr.. johnson
| is employed.
| Maurice Henderson of Minneano1is
VISITED at his parental home here over
| Sunday. o1
VIM. klauslar of Cottonwood RETURN
| ca nome Saturday after spending some
tlme mere making improvements on his
| farm at Harrison VA A'A9
oscar Hlllman is having the Green
Lake mill remodeled these DAYS.
| 5. Paulsness shipped two Carloads Of
! SUCK 10 South st. Paul Tuesday,
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1920-05-12
in this icinitN last Weel

in this Vicinity last week.
lri,iuv t\ eninG.
Mr.. ard Mrs. Campbell and daughter
Irene Of itl.rade, Mr.. John Deadrick
and son Ernest Of PaNnesville and Mr..
;,:.l Mrs. Fred DeadricIl and family
Visited ut the Gust Jefferson home Sun
,tu> afternoon.
-Arrhi. Hood who is employed at the
500 Depot at layneSville visited at
his Parental home the last of the week.
y dance was given at J. W. LaSell S
saturday evening.
MIR. and Mrs. Edward Pratt and Mrs.
Kelly OF l;lNnesville visited with the
T.. i. Nelr;l and Henry Murphy fam
lilies Thursday afternoon.
htWuter and IIaWick crossed bats
here Sunday afternoon; the scores were
~ to Z in favor Of Atwater.
MinrStrN lelkey visited at the Jer-
mic ltlkcv home last week.
lltlen Nelch is at present employ
cd at the Gust Peterson home.
Mr.. and Mrs Anton Emnotf trans
acted business in PaynesVille Saturday.
Misses Esther and Mary Wall called
at the John lNerson home Sunday.
T.. l.. Welch and son Donald visited
with l'are Wvlcll at the +. Heller home
near I'uNnesvillc Sunday.
Miss FLORENCE johnson who has been
employed by Mrs. T.. j Hood returned
home the last of the Week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert jackson were
out OF town visitors Sunday.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1920-05-12
KANDIYOHI

May 1o.-M1. and Mrs. Guy Larson
Of GROVE City spent Sunday at l.. E.
Larson's.
Mrs. Levi Lund spent a few days
Mr. and Mrs. @. w. kroona spent Cri-
day afternoon 1T W:ilmar
Mir and Mrs J. t. Lundquist Of ron-
nelly silent "Wednesday with Mrs. John
Lunuuu.St
Miss Hanna Sampson spent Sunday
at her home in Litchteld.
Eella Lunduuist Ruby Bitterness. Je-
vel Mcdonald and Quinn Serum spent
Sunday with Evelyn and Idella kroona.
Mrs. O. w: kroona and Mrs John
berg, 5. d., where they will visit rela-
tlNrS and friends
Miss GuSta1SO of Willmar spent Fri
day with Mildred Jefferson.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Peterson of Will
mar spent Saturday with Mrs. John
Elsie BlomGuist returned Sunday af-
ter spending a few days in the city
visiting relatives.
Friday afternoon the intermediate
grades gave q Mothers Day program.
MI the mothers were asked a fine
plo%ram WAS rendered and a carnation
given TO each mother.
Clara kalhtk was Willmar visitor
ON "Wednesday and Thursday
NelS NorNcl Of Litchfield was a WISH
tor in our burSh on Tuesday.
Miss Alma t;rimland spent Sunday
at her parental home in Willmar.
Mr.. and Mrs Gilbert Elmquist and
family spent Friday with Mrs. John
\uiu
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Olson and children
spent Sunday at Frank HaWHnson's.
LUTHERAN EBENEZER CHURCH
Rev. Tillman, pastor.
Services at 800 o'clock Sunday after
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1920-05-12

rived from Denver, Colo, last Friday
evening for visit with relatives and
friends in this vicinity. They were
formerly Of Kandiyohi.
Edwin Norling and Fred Johnson of
Svea made call at the Toilette home
last Sunday.
Theodore Olson and family will re-
turn to Roseburg, Ore, the forepart
OF the week after a visit with rela-
tives and friends in this village and
Litchfield.
l.. E. Covell and family of New Lon
don were Atwater visitors last Thurs
day evening"
N. Lundgren spent last Friday and
Saturday at Raymond
Mr.. and Mrs. Bernard Holm visited
relatives and friends at Willmar last
Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. c.. o. Peterson and
Hilda Iverson motored to Litchfield
last Sunday.
Postmaster Oliver Erickson spent
last Wednesday and Thursday on bus
mess in the Twin Cities.
Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur Johnston of
Pennock made a call at the z. V.
Johnston home one day last week.
Martin Olson returned Tuesday last
week from a visit at Nevis.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1920-05-12
a I w A ! + III

May 10-Mr and Mrs. John S.
Peterson and family visited last Sun
day at the E. M. Erickson home at
Willmar.
Miss Ethel Miller returned last
Sunday from Harrison where she
closed a successful eight months term
of school in District 4.
VIM. and Ernest Peterson motored
to Raymond last Sunday where they
spent the day visiting at the Fred
Stenberg home.
Reuben Peterson and family of Will
mar visited at the Geo. Roetzer home
last Sunday.
Ned L. Larson was a Minneapolis
caller last Thursday.
Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Parsley and
son returned this morning from a
visit with relatives and. friends at
Willmar.
Arthur F. Johnson motored to Will
mar last Saturday evening.
John Kleberg and family of 'Fahlun
township visited last Sunday at the
Nels Blomberg home.
A. w. Johnson returned Sunday
from St. Paul where he attended the
Republican State Convention on Sat-
urday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Isaacson ar
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1920-05-12
ARCTANDER

\ surprise was sprung last Sunday
on MIR. and Mrs S. A. Syverson by
neiShbors and many friends. After hav-
Ing spent an enjoyable afternoon they
presented MIR. and Mrs. Syverson with
a purse of money. They leave soon for
New London where they will reside in
the residence which is being erected
there for them.
Mrs. Sam Henjum was taken to the
Nillmar Hospital last week where she
underwent an operation. She is doing
nicely at this writing.
Mrs Ole Hjelle entertained the La
dies Aid last Friday.
Stanley Nelson and Walter Larson
have purchased each Milano accordian.
\. w. Nelson of Moorhead visited at
the II. Nelson home from Friday until
Saturday Of last week.
a severe electrical storm passed over
here last Monday morning but as far
is is known no damage occurred.
John SWensOn who is candidate for
the legislature made a speech at the
town hall last Thursday evening. He
was ACCOMPANIED by Geo. Murray who
also made Il speech