davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

port Of the contentious Of Professor
Garner were made with the assist
ance of this Javanese macaque.
''This little animal has had the
run Of my home for some time
When my daughters are getting
their lessons he likes to curl up be-
meath the rays Of tho light, very
much as he might bask in the sun
In cold weather we put sweater or
him and out he goes on exploration
trips that take him up the side OF
the house via the water spout, or to
the tops If trees.
His First 'sWords''
"One Of his first words that we
were able to identify was a sharp
wailing sound. He used 1t invari
ably in calling to another monkey,
Other sounds were identified in con-
nection with his feeding. When
pleased he uttered a peculiar chat
tering sound difficult for human lips
to Initiate. If he wanted more of
the food which had excited him ia
praise or wanted some one to CON
tinue scratching his head he would
repeat this sound, but with greater
intensity.
"Some Of his best conversation
was carried on In pantomime. When
frightened either by some visitor or
perhaps strange dog he would pull
back his lips, barring his teeth. and
utter sharp squeak. Then, pre-
tending Indifference, he would bluff
like veteran poker player. He
would yawn apparently without pur-
pose. But we saw that he ALWAYS
yawned in this fashion when fear
stricken and we learned that he did
so to reveal his long canine teeth,
very much as a timid armed man in
fear Of highwaymen will pause
under street lamp and ostenta-
tiously transfer a revolver from one
pocket to another.
"He has sound that serves
macaques as query, an interroga-
ton. This is made by smacking his
lips rapidly. Whenever a door is
opened abruptly he makes this
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

sound. If any one makes a series of
movements, the purpose Of which is
not clear to him, he utters this
word watching the object Of his
query intently while he smacks his
lips. When reassured by a calm,
voice he stops. His query is an
swered.
His most definite word is sort
of challenge, shrek of defiance.
II brought home an old style
phonograph with cylinder on which
it was possible to make wax rec
sords. l fixed up paper horn larger
eaa4 the normal one and then set
Tout to record the macaque's vocabu
larry. With the exercise Of patience
and the assistance Of my daughters
I succeeded.
"Then a couple Of days later I
played this record for the monkeys
benefit and observed his reactions
They were absolutely correct.
Talked Back
when he heard his own challenge
reproduced he was staring off into
space. Instantly he aroused and an
grily repeated the call. He had
heard word in his own tongue and
replied to it with all the emotion
that would have been aroused had
he been in his native tangled forest
in the Dutch Indies. ran the
record again and again. His re-
actlons were correct each time.
"A short time later told Profess
sor Garner about these records. and
he told me they were precisely what
ne needed for series of lectures
ne was planning, and lent them to
him.
"Garner's favorites were the
chimpanzees.
HE really seemed to understand
the chinps. He would stop before
their cages. Perhaps all of them
would be mapping, lying on their
backs with covering of straw and
a uper-blacksnlith-like forearm
covering their eyes in a decidedly
human attitude. Professor Garner
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
oW American Secret Service Men Outwitted German S

dealing with Germany and, If so
whether they did it before or after
this country went to war, was not
definitely known. The only persons
who knew the truth about this were
Jacobsen and Courant themselves
SO it was desired to have them tel
just what they knew. This, natural
ly, Jacobsen and Courant were ex.
tremely anxious not to do.
So it was Grunewald's difficult
assignment to make the acquaint.
ance of either Jacobsen or Courant
and pry loose the story. It looked
like the, deepest depth Of futility
but Grunewald set out 20 "rope''
Jacobsen. He selected Jacobsen
simply because, after careful in
quiry as to the dispositions Of the
two men, he felt that Jacobsen
might be the more easily handled
and the more communicative of the
two.
First he arranged "cover" for
hlmself-that is, an imaginary story
about his own identity and business
connections. A we'll known firm was
TO vouch for him as an old employee.
in case anybody inquired. He then
called Jacobsen at his home by. tele-
phone, introducing himself as Mr..
Grimm, connected with big cleo
trlcal concern, and said that he de-
sired TO have a talk with Jacobsen
regarding a possible position which
might be open to him. It was ar
ranged that they should meet in
front OF certain saloes, at a cor
ner on upper Broadway.
When Grunewald got I'd the place
OF appointment, Jacobsen was wait.
ing for him. Grunewald began to
talk with him at once in German
and said:
II have just received word from
my government. through i steward
on one Of the neutral bpats, that
you have been of great service to us
IN the past and l am directed to
thank you for what you have done. |
IN due course you shall be hand
'omely rewarded, but, for the pres
ant, It is desired that you know how
grateful the German government is
or the aid you have given it,"
Grunewald hoped that Jacobsen
would be so fiattered over this that
Q would at once betray himself. Bnt
acobsen was cautious.
You must have the wrong man.
. said. Il do not know what vou
70 talking about"
: "Ah. you are too modest. !. replied
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

Jacobsen was led by. They wer,
again taken to the office Of the De
partment of Justice for further o,,es
tioning.
Just keep your nerve up" Grupe
"ald said to Jacobsen, "and mavb,
we can get out of this thing. know
man who, think, will go on m,
oond' and he is coming here th;,
morning" VAN
IN short while dignifed. pros
porous looking, middle-aged man an
peared and warmly greeted Crime.
wald as an old friend. The truth
was that the man was another secra,
service operative, but he posed as
prominent citizen, with secret nro.
German leanings. He declared tho,
ne would gladly go on Grunewald,s
pond to the amount Of $4,000 IT,
eobsen asked him if there could be q
pohd arranged for him also. but the
supposed friend said he was not spre
ABOUT 1hat, AS he could not take such
a 'challce on a total stranger uo
went on 70 say that he had known
Mr. Grimm (Grunewald) for = lono
s'me, and that if Jacobsen wou1d i, st "
rave patience perhaps Grunewa,d
once out, could arrange sometb;rr ~
ms . behalf. The imaginary bond wa
nSed for Grunewald and he was re-
leased, while Jacobsen was +sLan
back to Jail.
. 91uhewald then went to the fac
tory where Jacobsen's associate Con-
rant was employed, presented his
scrawied note of introduction, and in
low whispers explained that jacobsen
was in serious trouble.
Il am in it even worse than ba j. y
sonnded Grunewald, "but I want r.
help him If possible because ba has
cone marvelously valuable work for
my country"
"Yes," said courant, "I got him
!. drawings from blue prints and he de-
llvered them. i wonder If there Ia
any ., danger Of their knowing about
the part took?"
Just Like Fiction
"Oh, don't think so." Gr,nsva,s
!, him, but, as he said 80. he
.hrew cigarette he had been .mots
ng through = window. That v..
signal for one Of his fellow onar. |
'tives on the outside to rush ;n-and
arrest him. N
$50 this IL your game, is IT..
'sAed y the operative. "You get ont
= pan and then you come hare to |
on1er o,, with one Of your msn. Thi. |
ellow Indicating Courant) is IL aa |
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

Grunewald. 1.-THE service you have
performed in obtaining plans Of air
ship devices being manufactured
here was Of more importance ane
more value to our fatherland tha,
you may have realized. You perhap,
thought it was a trivial service, bu,
1t was not, and, as I say, you will
some day be handsomely rewarded
for It,"
Still, Jacobsen did not relax hi,
cautiousness.
"You may know what you ar,
talking about" he said, "but ]
DON'T"
Grunewald then feigned anxiety
lest he had betrayed his own SUP,
posed connection with the German
Secret Service and that Jacobsen
might report him.
III have made mistake, then, y
ne said, II must warn you that il
you ever repeat what have said to
you or ever attempt to have me de-
livered to the United States authori-
ties, you will be killed. Even thouph
it should take years to locate Won,
one or more of my associates in this
country will trail you and you will
be heard Of no more"
Jacobsen, somewhat alarmed A.
sured him that he was concernAa
only with minding his own affair,
and that the entire conversation
would be treated as II It had never
occurred.
"All right, then," Grunewald told
nm; I'm that event all will bo well
with you; otherwise, you will paw
the penalty. I am willing to take
your word that you will remain 81
lent, and there is no reason why we
cannot be friends. II you will stem
into the saloon here we can have
onA drink together, and then / mu.t
bid you good night"
Now Grunewald had anticipated
that Jacobsen might not at once be-
tray himself, and had arranged sven
more drastic measures As he went |
INTO the saloon he sisnaled to an
other Secret Service operative who
was stationed across the street. Thus
1t came about that as Grunewald
and his companion were leaving the
saloon this officer walked up, placed
ais hand firlnly eon Grunew.ld,s
'houlder and said,
$50 you're Mr.. Grimm, ars you !.
Grunewald, looking startled and
'neasy, replied that he waa. Il.
You call yourself Grimm. OBJ
erved the officer, "~ut / know vour
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

would utter chimp word -- the
nearest phonetic spelling of it that I
can give is ugh, a sort Of grunt.
He would say ugh, ugh, ugh and
instantly all the chimps would arouse
and come to the bars Of their cage
and reply, at the same time observ-
ing him with deep curiosity.
II have watched Professor Gar
ner try this experiment many times.
The chimpanzees never failed to
respond. Moreover, whenever an
old circus man visits the park have
noticed they try this word Of greet
ing on the chimps and the chimps
reply to them.
ut is a sound easily made by
human vocal organs, but the effect
On the animals is as electric as
though one of them we're to shout
'Hellol' at the people standing out
side their cages. In his book, Apes
and Monkeys Garner told os his
efforts to teach his pet young chimp,
Moses, to utter human words. He
tried the animal on mamma word
that is almost universal among the
peoples of the earth; the German
word VIE and the French word for
fire, 'feu.' Moses, according to Gar
ner, learned to say 'feu,' but his 'f'
had a ~ sound. He tells in his
book Of holding the little creature
on his lap hours on end, day after
day. and saying again and again
'feu, at the same time pointing to
q lighted match or some other bit OF
fire.
"Finally, he says, his patience was
rewarded, and Moses would say 'feu'
every time he saw a match lighted
or encountered any kind Of fire.
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

deep as you are, I reckon, 50 he car
come along with U.S."
The two were then taken to the
JAM and placed in cells alongside OF
that occupied by Jacobsen. There
being no longer any need for con.
cealment, Jacobsen and Courant
talked in whispers about what thev
had done and urged Grunewald to
40 everything possible with any in.
1uential friends he might have to
get them out Of their difficulty.
The man who had gone on Grune-
wald's bond - that is, the other
secret Service operative, who had
pretended to go on his bond-ap-
peared at the Jail for talk with his
friend. He and Grunewald dis
cussed {. the situation for long time
IN low whispers, but just loud
enough e., for the other two to hear.
Ihe bondsman, shaking his head
aespalrlngly, told Grunewald that
ne believed the wisest course would
pe TO confess everything he had ever
aohe ana take a chance on escaping
with a minimum penalty.
AN hour or two later all three
men were again taken to the Office
OF Chief De Woody Of the bureau Of
lhvestigatlon = of the Department Of
,ostlce. Grunewald stated that he
mad been thinking the matter over
ana had decided to confess every-
thing He launched forth into a
confession that, if true, would have
taken the Chiefs breath. He men
.ioned having blown up a big NUM-
tlons plant at Bridgeport. Conn:
TWO other plants in Jersey City and
oueilned what he had done to assist
IN placing bombs on certain Allied
shlps that had been DESTROYED. In
snort' he confessed to having done
lh'ngs SO much worse than ANYTHING
Coufant or Jacobsen had done that
Inelr work for Germany seemed
trivial by comparison There was
scarcely, anything, It appeared, that
ae hadn't done.
The chief, after listening to this
confession, which, If true, doubtless
would have led to Grunewald be-
ng placed in captivity for life, il |
'ot electrocuted, merely spoke to |
him as follows:
on say that all you did was be- |
ore this country entered the vsr |
md ! am willing to accept vour |
solu TOT that; but / want to impress |
'pon you that If this sort Of thing
coufs again you viii And yourself |
2 serious trouble. We do not in
END 70 tolerate any more 81 this any |
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
BabOons Are Crude

II the chimpanzees possess the
most extensive ape vocabulary-and
Garner, who knew the sound and
meaning of about hundred monkey
words, said they do-baboons have
the crudest. DR.. Ditmars saws that
those In the Bronx Park collection
express their emotions with a roar
ing bark. faint chattering. and,
when frightened, a wild scream.
but all animal life has some
method of communication, says DR..
Dltmars. I'm some cases it isn't
vocal, but it satisfies the same need
"When a lion Is lonesome he puts
his read close to the ground and
Froars. Possibly he knows the ground
acts as a sounding board. With
different cadence this roar becomes
challenge, and other males take It
up until the Jungle reverberates
with their din.
Another roar with different in
tenslty is answered only by females.
The lioness will listen to fix the di-
rcction from which his roar comes
and will move toward him. Then
she will roar, and he will move, and
finally they meet
I'm their cages here at the To-
illogical Gardens the lions roar their
challenges when they are hungry
1t has really become a CRY addressea
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
Animals Talk Is the Belief at the Bronx Zo(
y I
zoo
Red
ords Made of
Monkeys Words

ing cry from the sentinel Sand,
them scurrying out of sight 0sl'.' T
sentinel, however, does mt ~
to fhe bottom Of tbs cavernx :
stead, ne takes his stand In . n;..
just below the entrance. and ~.s'' sn'
he stays there he keeps up = ~ 8
tinual chatter directed at the othss ss.ss
Then cautiously he puts his hss.
above ground, and If the cau.s ~. y
their flight has gone he bark, n - :.
different key and all the cob i
come out Of their holes and retuss
to their feeding. Their voeahu,ss'
may not be large, but it is a vocal,
larry. We have watched them bss.
hundreds of times. The nroo.s
never varies. %
insects also have their laupuso..s =.
Most Of these are sex calls. Tho =
male is usually silent. 1t is shs ~.
comes to the male when he eallss
A katydid can Big heard for a m.,
ter OF mile. II man in pronor
ton to his size could make a. n,,,h
noise. with one shout he could briay
the Woolworth Building down n
a heap from the vibrations ~ i;
voice.
1.-THE giraffe is frequently ,.s.rr.d
TO as a silent animal. However :.
have heard these In the park UTE,
a faint grunt. No doubt Q eirass
can distinguish nuances not ,.r.
ceptible to human ears
"Deer in the park always have
sentinel posted over The herds wbSSssa,
duty 1t is to warn the others. Tiiss
is usually done with the aag or TAI,
But semetimes the warning /.
bawled or bugled.
"In the woods whsn male dss,
get to fighting the rattle Of tbei,
antlers may be heard q
long way off, and sometimes oths,
males hearing the sound make 10.
ward 1t and lure away the femal,
over which the otter two are fiebt. |
ing.
Hunters frequently employ this |
knowledge Of deer habits to dscov +
bucks into range Of their rifles by
rattling together q couple Of sets l
Of old antlers.
Take it ali IN all, Il d hardly /
,air to animals TO say they merely /
possess instinct when we have 80 /
many evidences Of their reasoning
powers. If monkeys were able to
preserve the best thoughts Of each
generation Of their species as hu- ,
mans do with the printing press /
veil, anyway, 1t is too bad that
'arner didn't live to establish OIL |
he Florida coast his monkey colony.
lad he done this, who knows what !
tartling discoveries he might hass
made concerning their intellect!e
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

real name and what you have bee,
doing For nearly five weeks hav
hunted for you. guess your ac
tivities will now cease for a time.
will ask you to come along will
me-"
With a great show of indignation
Grunewald turned savagely upo1
Jacobsen and exclaimed:
$50 this is your work, is it? Yo,
have squealed on me. / see. It's :
frame-up."
Plot Nearly Wrecked
Jacobsen, being innocent of an,
completely In The arrest, naturally
avcrred that he did not know svhat
it was all about.
Il guess you didn't" sneered
Grunewald, "and you will paw 70,
TINS. You know what I told you. If
this is frame-up you will be killed
even If it's ten years from nowv,
Jacobsen, still talking excitedlv
about his entire innocence, started
to walk away; but the officer. who
mad hold of Grunewald, yelled at
him:
Just minute, you! l want YOU
10 go along, too. You're probably
in just as deep as this fellow"
SO the two Of them were marched
TO subway station and thence to q
building in Park Row where thew
were led into an office Of the De-
partment Of Justice. Mr.. De Woodv
CHEF OF the departments investiga-
ton bureau, absentmindedly made
q silgnt error which nearly upset the
"noie plan, but he quickly recovered
and cleverly ren1edied his mistake.
IN passing through an anteroom
"nere Grunewald and jacobsen were
seated he thoughtlessly nodded to
whom he, of course.
knew. Inasmuch as Grunewald was
supposed to be bona tide prisoner.
captured for the first time, this
caused Jacobsen to prick up his ears.
bus De Woody at once realized what
10 mad done and when he returned
'nrough the same room q moment
L
asef ne nodded to Jacobsen. as
nuch as to say, "You see. l speak to
Then, In little while, !
le again estered the room. rubbing
us hands together, Hospitality, like
dentist ready for the next patient,
nd inquired who they were and
That they were doing there.
\ DO not know what it's all
bout" srumbled Grunewald. "They
licked US up on the street and
rought us here. / haven't done
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29

anything" The chief then departed
leaving the two men alone to talk.
Listen here" said Grunewald
turning to Jacobsen, cit looks as i
they had something on me, or
wouldn't be here. may have to pa,
the death penalty when the court.
get through with me. That's all par
'of the game, and I have no kick com
Ing. But ] don't intend to be made
fool Of if / can help it, and wan
to know just where l stand. l dom
care anything about you, and YOU
don't care anything about me. bu,
II we can help each other get out oil
this scrape in any way we'd bette,
do 1t. And we'd better talk fast
now, while we've got the chance. II
you know anybody on the outside
that we can depend on, give me his
name, quick. I have some pretty
influential friends in this town who
don's suspect what I really am, and
maybe | can get out Of here on hail
1t l do | might be able to helm pat
you out"
Jacobsen Is Caught
|. Jacobsen then mentioned the nana
OF Curt Courant.
Give me a note to him." suggest
ed Grunewald in whisper, "and if
1 ever get out I'll look him up. IF T
don't get out, maybe I can send
some one to him. We've got Soma
pretty big men here ON our staff. as
l told you. Just tell him that YOU
ana l are In this trouble together
and that he can talk freely to me"
The moment Jacobsen had mon
toned q the name of Courant he con-
nrmed what the government already
Delleved-that the two of them had
Oeen cooperating for the delivery Of
certain aeroplane secrets to CO..
many. Jacobsen hastily scrawled on
tne back Of an envelope which
1runewald handed to him somewhat
as follows:
inls man and are in trco 3le
'ogetner. Tell him everything"
And he signed his name to il
!, u1une"ald and Jacobsen vera
.hen taken to a police station. to ba
detained until morning. Grunewald' |
as Q matter of fact, was released as
soon as Jacobsen had been removed
70 cell where he could no longer |
SEQ him, and went on abont HI. -
Ia'rs. Tan, Jacobsen, Of course, thought |
mat Grunewald was in another call |
~ night. The next morning Grune-
*aio returned to the station and was
'eased deJectedly in cell when
New-York tribune., 1920-02-29
By Fred c. Kelly
SECRET Service operative
Is often called upon to

q SECRET Service operative
AZ Is often called upon to
4 n seek out a man, get &C.
quainted with him, gain
his confidence and make him talk.
The thing that it is desired to know
Is OF sort that the man does not
desire to discuss. His secret, per-
haps. IL one that he has never told
to his own wife or to his most in
innate friend. How. then, is a de-
rective. after only brief acquaint-
ance, to force q man into confidlnr
a story that he has never before al
lowed to pass his lips? The answer
is that the detective must manenver
his man into 4 corner and bring
about . situation where he must tell
his story.
A good example Of this was one
OF tho cases Of Harry Grunewald.
VINO was one of the most resource
fui Secret Service agents for the
United States government during
the time that we were at war.
Grunewald was assigned to the New
York Office Of the United States De-
partment Of Justice.
A Skilled u .tecmve
Having speaking knowledge Of
German. even to the most current
lang expressions, Grunewald was
particularly skilled In getting the
confidence Of German suspects. He
was endowed. too, with a seemingly
easygoing joviality, coupled with
ability as a rough and tumble two
listed fighter, which made him capa-
ole OF being all things to all men.
The government had learned.
through important German docu-
ments captured in New York. that
two men. Hans Jacobsen and Curt
Courant, had been conspiring to-
gether to deliver into German hands
important and closely guarded me-
chanical secrets. Courant was en-
pioyed at the plant Of the Sperry
iyroscope Company, which manu-
Eactured, among other things. GER
ain secret devices for use on aero
'lanes. He was believed to have
made copies Of blue print diagrams
I these devices and delivered them
Q his friend Jacobsen, who, in turn. :
anded them over to Won Papen or h
ne Of the other German agents. ]
The government had only vague
1sdencs about this and nothing h
3 which to bassJa prosscutiea. a
'hsshsr the men had actually been