davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22

, the time and money spent in attending the classes.
 A conference of the managers was also 1 held the first afternoon at which they took up the problems of shrinkage and
 similar questions.
 Addresses were given by representatives of the bureau of markets the morning of the second day. in which the bureau B market requiring service was fully ex- plained. Representatives of the local stockyards company and the local five stock exchange also spoke. One of the subjects to which they called special att tention was the increased development of cooperative marketing of live stock The
 grading of sheep and lambs was ex- plained by buyers for packing houses and
 representatives of commission firms.
 In the afternoon the men were given a
 chance to see how the different classes of
 animals killed out" that is, the char acter of the various carcasses from the standpoint of the butcher, or packer.
 Everything said was specific and prae- tical. When it came to a detailed discuss sion of the value of carcasses of this or that grade all the figures, brought right up to date, were supplied by officials Of 1 the packing plant. In the same way the men secured much valuable information | regarding the special demand which each class of meat supplies. On the third and | last day much of what had been given l in the two previous days was repeated | for the benifit of several men who had | been unable to attend earlier sessions. | The schedule of most of the schools ] calls for visits to the stocker and feeder divisions of the hog and sheep yards, on
 the morning of the third day. How a
 manager can assist in distributing thin
 animals of good quality to mep desiring less than car lots is one of the subjects discussed. In the afternoon final con 1 ference of managers is usually held after which packing plant is visited to see | how different classes of hogs and sheep,
 previously graded, have killed out" The giving of this instruction to scores
 of stockmen in various parts of the coun- try illustrates how rapidly the days of
 haphazard shipping of live stock are pass | ing. Animals are handled in increasing g numbers and mistakes on the part of
 shippers must be reduced to minimum
 for they are costly. These courses are but one feature of. a general trend to-
 ward better live stock marketing, which
 is receiving the support of progressive i've stock interests and the department
 of agriculture. With the improvement of marketing methods stock raisers are sure 1 to realize larger returns on their efforts. And a simplified, more intelliment mar keting means that goods can be delivered | at less cost to consumers.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22
Cutting Inferior Trees

It is an excellent forestry practice to cut out the badly diseased. crooked, over crowded, inferior trees in wood' lot for fuel wood, giving more growing space to the straight promising young trees, ac- cording to forestry speciansts or the Tinted states department of agriculture, Tn some cases. such as in stands of old nine. a few large trees shor'd he left fo- seed to restocls the land, unless the area is to be cleared. In many sections of the country the present high prices of coal have made profitable renewal of the wood fuel industry so that many farmers are finding it worth while to clear out the less desirable trees in their wood lands and cut them up into cordwood or shorter lengths.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22
SOUTH CAPTURES THE MARKET

in the heart of the south with the ordi- nary crude manner of "banlSing' the po- ta toes in ditches pits. or storing them in cellars, as has been the custom for
 ge nerations of time, from 20 to 100 per
 cent of the crop would be lost by decom- position. Only a small portion of the crop reached the local markets later than three months after harvest and very few farmers kept a sufficient quantity for home consumption past the date Of mid-winter. It was not till the introduce ton of properly constructed potato-cur-
 ing houses was it possible to conserve the crop and meet the demand of an in- creaslng eastern and western market for southern sweets, throughout the mid winter and early spring seasons.
 The storage system has solved the prob lem of sweet potato marketing in the south. This curing process absolutely saves from 90 to % per cent of the mar
 ketable or graded potatoes. The construc- tion of these storage houses, where the plans of the United States department of agriculture are followed in every deta;f.
 guarantees uniformity of temperature
 and humidity necessary to the proper cur ing of the sweet potato. The time re :
 auired to cure the tuber is from 10 days to two weeks: and they are usually found to be very sweet and firm. After thor Oush curing they can De Shlppeu any reasonable distance and are found to be in fine condition. Cured potatoes were shipped from Alabama to Honolulu, Ha- waiian Islands. a distance of 3o00 miles by rail and 2000 miles by boat, requiring nearly month in transit. and were found in perfectly sound condition, and were
 bedded for plants with excellent results.
 The Triumph. Nancy Hall and Porto Rico
 are the standard varieties for curing.
 Curing houses are going up rapidly in
 the leading sweet potato states of Ala
 bama, Georgia, Florida Mississippi and , Texas. Hundreds of individual growers in these states have erected small plants to store their respective crops, the ca pacity ranging from 300 to 3O00 bushels. In nearly every instance these growers have saved the initial cost of building
 and maintaining their storage houses the first year, and in some cases they have
 realized handsome return over and
 above the cost. The community plant is
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22
Farmers Save Europe

America helped to save Europe and to preserve civilization. hot only during the
 war. but after the armistice. by making
 available. through increased production
 and conservation, large supplies of food
 stuffs This assertion is made by Sec retary of Agriculture Houston in a
 tribute to the farmers of the UnNed States in his annual report
 But for this contribution" says the
 secretary, "it is difficult to see how the
 allies could have waged the war to a victorious conclusion. Lacking such sup
 port and with their own producing capac- ity seriously crippled, the German people experienced partial famine conditions: their health and vitality were greatly im-
 paired, and the collapse of their military power was due in no small measure @ the shortage of food.
 The cessation of hostilties brought no immediate improvement in Europe On the contrary. in some respects more ad- verse conditions developed. Revolution became the order of the day; the di- recting hand of government was removed; discipline was relaxed; the morale, partic- ularly of the people of the central pow CTS, was broken; idleness and unemp4oy- ment prevailed; and in some sections an archy reigned. It was obvious that Eu- rope could not produce sufficient foods for herself. Her crops had been shtGs for several years, and it was scarcely probable that those for 1919 would be greater than the crops of the last year of the war. Quite as unsatisfactory was the live stock situation. In nine of the , western nations the number of cattle had declined more than 1000, 900; sheep, 7,50U.- GOO; swine. 23.5oo.000. and dairy cows sev- eral millions. with a greater propor- ,, tonate reduction in the volume of prod ucts
 Food relief after the armistice was sm- perative not only for the peoples of tho new small friendly nations but also of the enemy countries. It became the key to the whole situation and to the establish ment of a real peace. Europe had to be fed if order was to be restored and if European civilization, and. therefore, that of all the world including our own, was to be preserved. America had again to assist in saving Europe and herself by supplying food, and that in great abun- dance It was estimated that Europe would need to import at least D.OuO,VN tons of bread grains alone, and that of this quantity il 100000 must come from the United States. It was obvious also that she would call for large importers of meats and fats and that for months, until shipping expanded again. mast of these must be obtained from the united
 States This burden America was able to assume because of the achievements of her farmers.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22
Live Stock Information

Following is a list of state secretaries of livestock associations:
 Alabama Livestock Association-G $. Templeton, Auburn, Ala.
 Alabama Aberdeen-Angus Breeders As- ociation-Francis Coleman, Suggsville Ala.
 Alabama Hereford Cattle Breeders As sociation-R. J. Goode, Gastonburg. Ala Southern Shorthorn Breeders Associa- tion-Thornton J. Wood, Troy. Ala.
 Alabama swine Growers and Market ing Association--L T. Wells, Auburn Ala
 Alabama Duroc Association--J. E. Dun. away, OrYville, Ala.
 Alabama Hampshire Association--Mr Brosius. care KaIl Lumber Co. Tusca loosa Ala
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22
Masonic Home Pig Club

Among points in the state recently re- ceiving assistance from the field workers of the Alabama extension service at Au- burn, may be mentioned the Masonic Home at Montgomery. There most viz erous boys pig club has been developed through the cooperation of the farm demonstration agent L. A. Edmonson and J. l.. Heron, assistant boys club agent Recently the arrival of l6 pure bred pigs at the home for distribution among the boys by Mir Heron was the occasion of pleasant and profitable aft ernoon.
 M. l.. Nichols. agricultural engineer ct Auburn, was present and gave advice to the boys as to the building of cemevt feeding troughs, arrangement of water pipes to the pens. and the construction of hog houses and of barns, for which blue prints could be furnished if desired.
 C. L. Isbell, assistant hortculturist, gave the boys demonstration in pruning down at the pear orchard and incidentally held q speach-borer hunt
 In the receipt of an "AlabSma home orchard" enough trees to plant an acre, the boys have been given a valuable club prize by one of the prominent nurserymen of Alabama. Secretary Robert Butler writes that they are now planning for a 3o-acre orchard at the home.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22
Swine Growers to Meet

The swine growers Of Georgia, Flor ida, Alabama, Missjssippi, Tennessee and North and South Carolina will hold three-ds-S meeting in Jackson vile. Fla, January 20-22. at which time the following programme will be carried odt:
 Firss, day Tuesday morning, January zo; Meeting called to order 10 o'clock a.. m. by President z c. Herlong of florida State Swine Growers Associa- ton.
 Address of welcome. Hon. John W. Martin. mayor of Jacksonville.
 Responses: Florida. Hon. Braxton Beacham. Orlando; Georgia, w. B. Roddenbury, Cairo; Alabama. Judge c. E. Thomas. Prattville: Mississippi, H. L. Gary Charleston; Tennessee, E. H. Cathey. Louisburg; South Carolina, Horatio Bigelow, Charleston.
 Appointment of committees, listing new members for associations repre- sented, issuing badges. etc.
 Adjournment for lunch.
 Afternoon session. January 20:
 Meeting called to order at 1:30 p. m. by W. H. Peacock. president Georgia Swine Growers Association.
 The Swine Grower and the Swine Breeder" E. z. Russell. swine special ist. United States Department of Agri- CulluES, w dSnln&IOn. U. N. DlSCuSSlOn opened by Tom P. Wootten. Tignall, Ga.
 'Is a Good Hog Worth the Price?" R. ". Wood, manager Enochs Farms, Fernwood. Miss. Discussion opened by ". P Smith. Kinards. s. c.
 Adjournment.
 Second day, Wednesday morning, January 21:
 Meeting called to order at 9:So a. m. by Judge c. F. Thomas. president Ala bama Swine Growers Association.
 Breeding Prize Winners" Ed Foust, xenia Ohio. Discussion opened by w. c. Wallace, LaGrange. Ga.
 Selling Pure Bred Hogs" M C. Dominy. E1mwood Stock Farm, Dublin, Ga. Discussion opened by Carl F. Adams, Prattyille. Ala.
 Adjourn for lunch
 Afternoon session. January T:
 Meeting called to order by H L. Gary, general manager Fine Crest Farms. Charleston. Miss.
 The Hog Market" H. E. Snow. gen. eral manager Union Stock Yards Montgomery. Ala. Discussion opened by pr. R. J. H. DeLoach. director Ar mour's Farm Bureau. Chicago, III.
 "Why Beginners Should Breed Pure Bred Hogs" Ruohs Pyron, Meadowview Farm, Cartersville. Ga. Discussion opened by George G. Palmer. Carters- ville s. c.
 Adjournment.
 Third day. Thursday morning, Janu- ary 22:
 Call to order, 2. c. Herlong, presi- dent Florida State Swine Growers As sociation.
 Selling At Auction J. R. Mullis, Mullis x Patrick. Cochran. Ga. Dis cussion opened by ". H. Peacock, Pea- cock & Hodge, Cochran. Ga.
 Report of committees
 Report of officers of Florida State Swine Growers Association.
 Election of officers of Florida State Swipe Growers Association.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22
MACHINERY FOR BUSTING

Poisoning the cotton boil weevil with calcium arsenate-the one successful method of boil weevil control that has
 been found-is going to be limited next year by shortage of machinery with
 which to apply the poison dust in the cot
 ton fields. Just now machinery manu-
 lecturers apparently are not in position
 to turn out the machines anything like as rapidly as they will be needed and the farmer who contemplates poisoning oper- ations next summer has to solve, first of all. the problem of where he is to get the machinery with which to do it.
 Every farmer ought 10 understand that, arsenate as boil weevil destroyer has
 been conclusively proved, it is absolutely worthless without proper machinery for applying it. There are three types Of machines that may be used-the hand gun." the big and somewhat cumbersome power machine, and the more recently de- veloped wheel-traction machine. This last one is almost certain to be the most pop ular and the most profitable. The spe- cialists of the department of agriculture. who worked out the calcium arsenate sss tenn and developed the wheel traction nta- chine as the most effective means or putting their system into general tse eration, believe that it will ultima tely 5e practically the only machine in operauon. except that hand guns will continue ta be used as auxiliaries. It is doubtful. li
 fact, whether the power driven machira
 will be on the market next season. anc
 the wheel traction machine. unfortunate
 ly. is not yet being turned out in large enough numbers.
 There appears to be real opportunity
 for good manufacturing concerns, partic-
 ularly southern concerns. in touch with the people of this section and knowing
 its business conditions, to turn their
 plants at least partially to the manufac-
 ture of cotton dusting machinery The
 opportunity, of course, extends to new concerns in this field. but new concerns
 would have difficulty in getting their
 product on the market in time to be oi
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22
Demonstration In Swine

With the aid of the extension loan fund which has been created by public spirited citizens of North Carolina for financing worthy boys and girls in raising pure bred live stock. various county agents in that state are starting demonstrations in swine breeding which promise to be par ticulahly convincing to farmers in the localities concerned because the demon strations are to be carried on largely by residents of the neighborhoods.
 The method being followed is for the county agent to select a promising bSy or girl in each of several districts who will agree to raise a SOW for given period. After four-acre plot suitable for the demonstration has been decided on and plans have been completed for inn proving it, an approved note is given by the youthful stock raiser to cover the purchase price of a SOW, the cost of fenc- ing. seeding and erecting one or two colony houses. The pig and the fmprove- ments are then purchased with money ad- vanced from the extension loan -uus.
 The plan contempates raising hogs to the age of 8 months. All animals used in the demonstrations are to be pure-breds. The first North Carolina farmer to whom this proposal was presented instIffsw agreed to cooperate and set aside for his child four acres near the highway along which many people pass. The tract is to be fenced this winter according to the most approved methods and provided with model self-feeder and an automatic waterer. A registered Poland China HOW Will take possession early in the spring and will farrow March litter in her new quarters. It is confidently expected that in this demonstration, as in the others being arranged in various parts of the state, the selected animals will pay all the expenses, including fencing and seed ing, the first year.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22

maximum service to cotton farmers dur ing the season of 1920
 Even with the handicap that carries in the shortage of machinery, however. boil weevil poisoning is going to be much more widely applied next season than ever before. The Delta Laboratorytof the United States department of agriculture, located at Tallulah, La, is keenly inter- ested, of course, in seeing that the largest measure of success possible attends the work and is offering, therefore. to give cotton farmers the benefit of the experi- ence of it's specialists as to what may be expected of the different types of ma chine. The laboratory officials are par ticularly insistent that the farmer who contemplates poisoning must not overlook the importance of knowing where he IS going to get the machine to apply the dust
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22

also becoming big industry. Houses of 30,00O to 100 900 bushels capacity have been erected in some sections. chain of stor- age houses, each With a capacity of 10, 900 to 90 900 bushels capacity. erected at convenient railway stations. within a radius of 10 to 20 miles is operated un- der one management. This community plan enables the farmer to market his crop when it is harvested. or if he de-
 sires he can store his crop for later market. Another advantage of the com munity plant is that it handles sufficient quantities to attract the car lot buyers. These buyers representing the large deal CTS of the leading markets of the east and west, are on the ground often enough to make competition keen. n.--Alabama Mar ket Journal.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22

The big stockyards of the country are being used temporarily for short-course schools. Instruction of a very prac- tical sort is being conducted, namely in the best methods of marketing live stock. One of the first of these schools was conducted in the National Stockyards at East St. Louis. III. a few weeks ago and was such a pronounced success that the students unanimously passed res olutions urging that similar courses be offered semi-annually.
 The bureau of markets of the depart ment of agriculture, in cooperation with the National Federation of Live Stock Shipping Associations, has been instru- mental in promoting this work.
 This instruction is given primarily for managers of live stock shipping associa- tions and others directly interested m shipping live stock. A course similar to that given at St. Louis has been conduct- ed in Kansas City. Arrangements have been made for repeating them in Omaha, Chicago, Sioux City, Detroit, South St. Paul and other cities.
 What was done at the Kansas City meetings is typical of the instruction in other cities. The course covered three days, "classes' opening at SEQ. The first morning an intensive study was made of the grades of cattle and hogs largely marketed through shipping associations. It was d big subject to cover in a single morning, but the men were intensely eager for the facts and there was no need for pedagogical repetition, nor were there useless questions to take up the time of the instructors
 The 80 o'clock session might be called a class in applied bookkeeping, as the afe- ernoon was given over to accounting methods for shipping associations, includ- ing much helpful eXplanation of the meth ods of pro rating shipments There was help also for managers; about the regu- lations governing freight rates and minI- mum weights of mixed shipments The case of one shipper was cited who re- gently was required to pay $30 more freight on a mixed car of calves and Digs than he would have incurred had he been properly informed on the regula- tions. It was pointed out that the pres ence of few calves Tn this shipment of pigs required that the minimum weight for a car of cattle be used as a basis of calculation instead of a lower minimum which is allowed for hogs. Notwithstan6- ing the total had to be computed at the hog rate which is higher than the cat tie rate. The men present felt that many single points like this brought out at the sessions more than repaid them for all
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22
Canning Sweets

tables for the purpose of conserving sur plus crops those which cannot be economically marketed because of dis- tance from market or of untoward wealth. CT conditions, the bureau of plant in dustry has in it's experiments worked out satisfactory methods of canning sweet potatoes. Those now commonly used both on the farm and by commercial canners result in a product which has more or less burnt and otherwise unpleasant flavor. These investigations have re- vealed the cause. and the new method results in product essentially like fresh sweet potatoes. Canning tests have been made of "A varieties showing a wide vari- ation in the value of different varieties for canning purposes.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1920-01-22
Don't Plant Inferior Seed

With all kinds of seed as high as they are, the use of inferior seed is most expensive form of carlessness. Careful testing of practically all kinds of seed has long been urged by the United States department of agriculture. and special stress is being placed on it, now that prices are so unusually high. In the matter of clover seed, for instance. at tention is called to the fact that com parativeiy cheap seed may be actually higher than those that cost more money because of low germination. The depart ment, at various times, has issued advice in bulletins and other forms of the best methods of testing seeds. This informa- ton may be had free on application.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1920-03-17
SOLDIER SETTLERS.

A YEAR or so ago. this country was talking about doing great
~ things by its brave soldiers in the way Of providing free lands
for such Of them a. wanted TO settle down aud farm il.
You never hear anything about IL any more.
It's different over in Canada. Incidentally, why is it that, when
the English decide a thing is good, they go ahead and do if What's
the matter with the AngloSaxon blood in this cOuntryf
Well, over in Canada, they promised lands TO the returning boys
who wanted them Today, there are actually 1908 Canadian sol
der settlers on Canadian farms and the number is being added to at
the rate Of about 1000 a month, which is rs rapidly as it can be done,
considering that the farm must be made habitable. and reasonably
well equipped before the settler and his family can settle.
Is il a good thing for Canada, this policy of passing out farms
to all soldiers who applyi
As an instance, YOU might consider the success Of the n settlers
were valued at $I6397. This is equal to an average production Of
1900 each, which is mighty good in view of the fact that last year
the majority Of these settlers were established late.
Assuming that under favorable conditions the annual production
should average $1,000, a very conservative estimate IS these settlers
are given every opportunity and assistance to secure good land well
situated, some idea Of the ultimate result hoped for may he had
when it is realized that there are already 15O23 soldier settlers upon
land. This number, If producing an average Of $1,000 worth Of farm
produce-food-would aggregate $30Oi6,OO0 yearly.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1920-03-17

IN FERES TO The land Of the shamrock 80 green.
Here's TO each lad and hs fair sweet colleen.
HereS 20 the ones we love dearest and most.