davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
hESILChf LEGISLATURE
RATlFIES AMESn3tE>r

FRANkFORT. KY, Jan. 6.-Ra,iCca.
.ion OF The Foderai woman suffrage
,,,nS Hrs.u'ient was completed by tho Ken
INC Houe eof representatives voted 72
10 20. and the Senate. so to 8, to ratify
bate In tho Lower House. but action
IN the senate was not taken until an
amendment. which would have submit
Statewide referendum, was reiectod
by a vote OF % to l5.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
tBy Annotated Prexa.l

WASHINGTON, Jan. 6-RetniI
dealers charging % cents n pound
for sugar were attacked in the SEN
ate today by Senator Sm0ot, He
publican, Utah. who declared .they
ought to he handled by the -Attor-
ney-icncraI.
"Sixty-fHc per cent of the beet
sugar crop has been delivered,o
Senator STnoot saidS "nnd if there In
my boarding the Attorney General
should find out who In boarding IL,
and stop IL. Here In Washington
dealers nre charging - cents und
selling only two pounds at time.
There In cIcuse for IL. There
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
WILSON TO SOUND CALL
Fir"t Nesting of Lengue or Nations
VIII Follow Signing or
Peace Treaty.
my Associated Prcss-l

WASHINGTON. Jan 6.-president
Wilson will no doubt" issue the cali
LoI the hrst meeting OF tho league OF
tthe the treaty Is actually in effect through
.he exchange of ratification of three
under-Sccrctary OF State Polk sa ii
today. saio
i think there Is hardly doubt that
Polk. said ''in view OF the fact thai
ne is especially charged with this
auty by the treaty. and it has nothins
States" ' ' oHitco
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
HONOR R0OSEvELT's MEMORY
Exercises Are Held on First An
nifersary OF Former Prest-
dents Death.
INv Associatea rr.,ss !

NEW fORk, Jan. 6.--Afcmorial er
scrciscs for Theodore Roosevelt, who
cled one year ago today, were held
the country. . =" 20
Many friends OF the former pres,.
aent made pilgrimage 10 his grave
at oyster Bay. Special services wrrc
held In the public schools OF The ma
The Roosevelt Memorial Associations.
Which Is collecting funds TO ocrpat ma; -
his memory, made the dav tho "c.
casion for increased efforts 10 ob,a -
ne" members TO assist in tn. worI.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
WOULD BRING BODIES BACK
Dasinterment of Soldier Dead prox,aea
For In lsiIi Introduced in
Congress.
fRy Associa,ed pr,-,

WASHINGTON, Jan. "a bin diract-
ing the Secretary of War 10 arranrc
Ior inc return at government expense
OF tho bodies OF soldiers sailors and
marines now buried in Europc. where
the removal has been requested by Tho
next OF Kin. was introduced today by
senator Harris, Democrat, Georgia. and
referred to the Military COMMITTEES
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
United states II. II. Administration.

Frederick sburg and Potomac j. II.
Effective January 6, 1920, train No
20 leave BROAD Street Station. Rich
NJ. duo Washington 2:30 p. NJ, con-
Meeting with p. r. r. and b & o trains
cast. arrivinS New York shortly after
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
british pound wortA sa.ss,

WASHINGTON, Jan. 6.-The British
pound Will be computed at $3.s5 In
ment in making January disburse-
ments. II was ANNOUNCED today. The
franc will be stabilized" for this
month at eleven to the dollar, and the
Italian lira at thirteen.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
TO PROSECUTE BEER SELLERS
department Of Justice Prepares to
prosecute Those Who Violated
tolstead Inv.
fBy Associated Press !,

WASHINGTON, Jan. 6.-The Depa r.
nent OF Justice today began nrepara
tions. for the prosecution of ali per
sons who have sold beer since the pas
sage of the Volstcad enforcement net
days supreme Court decision on o.75
Manufacturers and retailers who have
passed have been recorded by the De-
partment OF Justice. and they will be
made defendants in cases to be sta rtcd
soon.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
PLUNGE DOWN EMBANKMENT
Louisville and Nashville Passenger
Train Leaves Rails and Ten Arc 8
Reported Injured.
IBy Asaocia,cd prns i,

LOUISVILLE. KY. Jan. 6.--Loufesi
vile and Nashville train No. 90. rune,
nins from Knoxville. Tenn, to LoulE-s
ever an embankmcn,. near Lebanon
KY. tonight. Last reports said ten
persons were injured, several probably
fatally. ~ - -
At the L. q y. offices hero Il was.
said that relief train had been aenk3
to the scene OF tho wreck and was
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
SENERAL GUAJkRDO MOVES $50
TO p4ftVICIIs T.L, m v-rrrrrr

SAN ANTONIO. TENAs. Jan. 6-The
vestigation. Department of Justice. ,,ss
received information from bordeE
agents that General Guajardo. with
hfty-tvc. crossed the Rio Granfle rbe..3
tween Eagle Pass and Laredo Sunday
niEh': Tor the purpose of participa-
non IN elections in the State Of Goa
nulia. NO mention OF ammunition or
guns was contained in these reports. 49,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
COAL OPERATOR DIES
John Cooper Thomns, Reputed worth
FIFTY Millions, Sncrumbs at
Miami. Fla.
Try Associated Frees. ,

MIAMI, FLA. Jan. 6.--John Cooper
Thomas. "a. multimillionaire coal on
orator and manufacturer. of Dranwell,
w. Va. died today at his winter resi-
dcncc on Belle Isle. this city. Of dia-
S50.000.o00, the great part OF this sum
havinE been left to him by his father,
William Thomas. when the latter died
two years ago. Young Thomas was
an airman during tho war.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
Find WHISKY In IY.-

OGDF,NSBURG. y. Y, Jan. 6.-United
states customs agents at Rouses Point
seized 800 cases of Canadian whisky
today. They were found in car Of
hay, which was consigned from Mon
treal to firm In Newark, n. J. Sue-
the weight Of the car -
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
CONGRESSMENH HEAR
Of MENAC|NG PLOTS
Charge Is Made Federal Agents
Figured in Bomb
Outrages.
SEIZE SOCIAL WAR BONDS
Also Asserted Secret Service Men
Helped Frame Planks in
Platform.
SEIZE SOCIAL WAR BONDS
iDy Associated pr

vAsr,,>.i.rcS. 1T 's's' i.
't'' =. y
the dn,sh ~ 0pb, Ia I'D ,bc ,,t,op
81 Communist and Communist Labor
party IneInbcrs. more than $500 o.
.vhom now await der,or,s,,to, n,ocees.
.nzs as ,csn. o. .hn rcc,a. ,,,Ion.
wide raids was seen in the r.aucs,
;ransmitted TO-DAY ~ lin. ,eo,-.rno,,,
=, 49,. De!'''s .'''V -
i-AooF 20 congress Tor new arpro-
pfiaiions aggrcgatinS $il5o.pcO 10 be
used In the enforcement, 81 Iaws ar,;,e,
,a,c,I, .n,i a., ,t'.i ""'-''''.'
u:.hiiisS ahu 20. tA'.r aspot ttht!on
siving The e" r"aScS, .. 'IiFref. "ere yst
Iuaras.s It he.e INC i.usSiau Soviet
rom the Deplr,msn, On OF IuTtc hjce 9i9iSH. nYiS
w.. ~ ~ .,sue" "itisa state
secretary 10 I.uIyyir G. X Mar, 80, -
Ssif-styled Ambassador 10 the Gnited
a,at.s rom the Russian Soviet govern.
against Depart tment OF Justice a..n,s,
These charges were that department
ssents haa actively pa rtlciipated IN
-, ~ me .oin niiunist and CCmmunist La
Dor pariE platforms, which" The state
nsn, sa'd, now TORN the basi. 81 per
Secuton OF thousands OF people"
Charges Involve Federal ,p,,t
Another cb.rc. g.. ,b,, ~.
,,..1,ree ~ sii,ii Sia Hs that ths S9iSi
ncn.e,r,tI,, ~ 'it,,''t'. i,u,tt. tiiJEIr. .E
,oit,iuy ,G., ,,-.t -. o,.'.Gta.'' NG !
for MaF,,n.s c,rrflIIIy 80 = ~ hs'ET y ...i-S go
..., ~ ~ icdi nc = ~ -
dlscuss i, otnri.Iivs Ia t;u.osttS 20
tbc t,ua,j,,i a'A,u y. at.atc's ll..'t I
n, I-a ....o.. ~ A.iS!h @lS Huino Gus.
Sr teationtl FUNDS 10 conduct its work.
r.commondatioa ot Anthony Caiujnn,j,
9;nn n.iss,o,er-Gensrn of immigEatiou.
49, nd " ~ , the iepdr Jneni Q! .'us.
t.tc hho ams7Sea iIucA.s quantities. ot
"S!dence against the radicals tun en- In
Inc raids as TO mean at least two
HonthS Wofk. trSdi@tion was made
hearings on deportation cases. which
ara scheduled 10 begin tomorrow in
acverai cities. Will require mat much
t!hle IN themselves, aud ihnt additional
tavicw OF the cases in NVushineton.
NiI,jou-DoIInY sl,,.b I,n,d
rb. A.ta~,.,.-,..,.,,
/, M, ,,rs H.: r's. 49,, ss1", usiA .is"
..ais, also Is anticiaauns !, strenuous
nrnt I'i"ft tnose 10 ." dcport.d ara
,,C" - ~ p"SSspt|s sLsani.t IT. audi
,,i,i, ,p :" s,i,, l,tf .,nim lnIa 3t tns tMo
~ 10 ,oHfE tM', uHhonptsd-
t11"e .sol3, hllc these sources Of
6i.,,nt,.I 6,G nm hs.l' alb!9ri were n"t tuity
a.t.nis had s".zcG S.,"s 4e ~ it ,'ten}
,,,i,;'.., ~ $500 "'r sohaS Iich 81
~ 'tc "ohat. Mhlch On ihe!r faces as
capitalist system" Ininc -, t.,,.is
IN the day a!L.- tac social .eyuiu-
toh.
To Maintain Surveillance
in addition - the ..>.ru,rn,,
= upts tD drive an, H., .i,.i - ~ "I
,,,.,;r,,,y t.'..'',. ~ 1919 - VII
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
Sim FeIne-x on Hunrer s,-,l.

CORK. Jan. 6.--Forty Sim Fein
prisoners In, the Cork jail began a
against the. discrimination shown by
the authorities in the ameliorative
treatment promised them. Some Of
those prisone ers have already been tried
while othors arc awaiting TRIAL.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
Hstei Gue~t. flee From Fire.

BY ItSSOClated Prose.
MACON. GA. Jan. 7.--FMe broke out
at J1:So o'clock this "wednesday
nnorntng IN the Hotel Macon. Many Of
tho guests fed In their night clothes
to tho hotei across tho street.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
Schooner and Grew Lo,,

HAI,lFAX. ". s., Jan. 6-Thc schoon-
err Lucille. of lS9 tons. which sailed
from New York for Halifax November
30, with coal. is believed to have beeu
'ost with all hands. The crew num-
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
Woman Defeated .t Poll.

DUNNEDON, FLA, Jan. 6.--Miss Ell
zabeth Skinner. vice.presldent OF the
Florida Federation of Womcn's Clubs.
was defeated by nine votes for Alder,
man in today's municipal election.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07
Continuc Combins Country.

Federal agents arc continuing. IN
COMB the country for radicals who crc
known TO champion a movcmcn. 10
oseTthroW the government. With means
OF escape shut or by q close watch
or the Mexican and Canadian borders
where some of the radicals were re-
ported headed In an effort to cvadc the
Continued on Page Two)
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1920-01-07

Continued on rage Two.)
Bisbee daily review., 1920-02-25
I l DODGE TRAINING ISSUE IN HOUSE ACTION ON BILL Will Cut Provision From Army Reorganization
 Measure FEAR EFFECT IN
 COMING ELECTION Plan to Introduce Separate Measure at Next Session
 Of Congress

WASHINGTON. Feb. 24.-Univer- sal military training will be omitted from the house. army reorganization bill. and be the subject of separate legislation at the next session of congress, beginning in December This was agreed upon tonight by Re 0ublican leaders and Chairman Kahn of the house military committee, af- ter two days of informal conferences.
 The agreement is looked upon as eliminating any possibility of Re- publican action in the house which might be interpreted as stand OH universal training in the coming presidential campaign, and will leave the party's attitude a possible sub ject for consideration in framing the platform at the national convention in June.
 Members of the Republican legisla- tive steering committee, including Representative Mondell. the floor leader, and Speaker Gillett were un- derstood to have political aspects.
 Under the agreement, Chairman Kahn will appoint special subcom- mittee friendly to universal training, to draft the training bill The meas ure. however, will not be presented until after a thorough investigation of the cost economic and industrial effects After such inquiry, the agreement provides that the bill as separate legislation will be assured prompt house consideration.
 As far as the army reorganization bill is concerned, the military com mittee tonight completed work on it by deciding to give relative rank to army nurses. Grades for nurses would range from second lieutenant to major, but they would receive less pay than army officers of correspond ing grades.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-02-25
Caillaux Tells of
 BOlO Pasha Affair

!: PARIS, Feb. 24.- Joseph Caillau, former French premier charged with reasonable dealings with the Germans and conspiring to bring about a dis honorable peace, testified today before the senate. Caillaux's explanation of his relations with Bolo Pasha. Pierre Lenoir, NJ. Duval and Miguel Almerei- da, three of whom expiated tneir crimes on Execution Hill at Vincennes, while the last named died under strange circumstances in Fresnes pri- son, occupied the whole session. M. Caillau disposed of Lenoir, Duval and Almereida in comparatively short time, but the ghost of Bolo Pasha how cred about the ex-premier for long hours. The accused seemed to realize that the crucial point of the examina- tion had been reached and he experi- enced greater difficulties in extricat- ing himself from his social relations with the executed traitor.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-02-25
Matthias Ezberger
 Resigns Under Fire

BERLIN, Feb. 24.- Matthias Erz- berger, minister of finance, volun- tarily resigned from the cabinet to. day
 Erzberger's resignation came as q climax to a day of sensational testi- mony in his libe1 suit against Dr. Karl Helfferich. former minister of the treasury. The nature of this tes- timony. it was considered, left Erz- berger no other Choice than to re- linquish his portfolio.
 According to the testimony of States Attorney Messerschmidt. Erz- berger had smuggled large amounts of his private fortune to Switzerland. Previously, testimony adduced from Dr. Helffesich involved Erzberger in numerous questionable transactions in connection withthe issuance of i'm port and export permits, and other wise misuse of his official influ- ence in the furtherance of ventures in which Erzberger was alleged to be interested,
Bisbee daily review., 1920-02-25
WARNS IF FOOD
 LACK TO COME
Department of Agriculture Says Farmers Cannot Pay
 Wages Demanded

WASHINGTON, Feb. 24.- Warn ing that serious risk of reduced food production impends because of high wages demanded by farm laborers, high cost of farm equipment and supplies and pronounced movements of people from the farms to the. cit ies, was given today by the depart ment of agriculture onthe basis of re ports and letters from all sections of the country.
 "The most definite of these reports come from New York state" the de- partment's announcement sai i'd, where records of 3775 representa- tive farms on February l disclosed that during the last year the number of people on these farms decreases nearly three per cent and the num- Der of hired men decreased more than F per cent. This is a more rapid movement from the farms to other industries than took place in the early part of the war.
 The same conditions in varying degrees exist in all sections," accord ing to the federal bureau of crop Go inmates.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-02-25
Socialist Admits
 Helping Slackers
 And Red Agitators

ALBANY, N. r.. Feb. 24.-Louis Waldman, one of the five suspended Socialist assemblymen being tried bv the judiciary committee of the lower house on charges of disloyal- ty. late today took the stand in his own behalf.
 The youthful assemblyman declar- ed fate of bills introduced by the So- cialist delegation in the assembly concerning traction matters and other questions of vital interest to the working class" Nearly all these bills he said had been killed in committee.
 Waldman was preceded to the stand by Rev. Dr. Norman Thomas. Presbyterian clergyman of New York City, who was called by the defense to refute testimony of Peter w. Collins. Knights of Columbus worker and prosecution witness, that Social ists threatened both religion and family. T h se statements, Dr.. Thomas has served as chairman of the National Civic Liberties bureau. which he testified protected the rights" of conscientious objectors to the military draft law and persons accused of violating ;he espionage act. The organization also has at tempted to aid the no I. w. w, pros ecuted in Chicago considering that they had been victims of grave in justice"
Bisbee daily review., 1920-02-25
WILSON SENDS
 HUME ANSWER
Refuses to Agree to Terms Of Councils Ultimatum
 To Jugo-Slavs

WASHINGTON, Feb. 24.-President Wilson's reply to the entente premiers on the Adriatic question was dispatch ed tonight by the state department. It is expected to be in the hands of Am bassador Davis at London tomorrow and will be delivered as soon as it has been decoded.
 Officials still declined to discuss the contents of the communication, but 1t is known that in his exchange with the premiers, the president has made an unequivocal statement of the Amer ican governments position, especially with regard to the forming of agree ments without the participation of this country.
 It is understood that in his latest note the president does not return pre- cisely to the arguments and decision announced in the note of December 9, which formed the basis of the Adriatic agreement to which the United States subscribed.
 However. the president is said to have refused to agree to the terms of the settlement arrived at by the pre- miers and sent to Jugo-Slavia as an ultimatum.
 Acting Secretary Polk is endeavoring to arrange for the simultaneous publi- cation of the correspondence on both sides of the Atlantic.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-02-25
Plan to Irrigate
 6O,000 Acres More

PHOENIX, Feb. A. - Prospects for placing under irrigation approximately 60 900 acres of Arizona land, at date far in advance of the ultimate compile ton of the proposed San Carlos pro- ject were announced today by the gov ernor's office following advices from a Mohave county committee that is working with eastern caplransts.
 The land is located in the northwest corner of the state and is tributary to the Virgin river. Littlefield is the principal town in that locality. con- ference with the governor and the state land board Is requested by the Mohave county committee, the request being granted for tomorrow.
 Governor Campbell expects co re- ceive complete information about the proposed irrigation project tomorrow, only the most salient facts being brought out at this time. The dam site is understood quite we'll at the captOl, various engineering reports concern ing it being on file and a special re- port having been made recently by ". g. Norviel, state water commissioner.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-02-25
REDS MUTTER THREATS Especial to The Review)

COURT HOUSE, Montesano, Wash, Feb. 24.-Disquieting rumors of vio- fence today led Prosecuting Attorney Herman Allen, to request Governor Louis F. Hart for federal troops to be stationed here, during the remainder of the l. w. w. murder trial, although the prosecuting attorney did not dis cuss the rumors in detail, his action indicated that he placed in them suf- ficient credence to consider the situa- tion alarming. Governor Hart inform ed him that the matter would be re- ferred immediately to Lieut.. Gen. Hun ter Liggett, commander of the western department, with headquarters :n San Francisco. A reply from Gen. Liggett is expected Wednesday. Stories of armed l. w w. who proposed a jail delivery or an attack on the town, had been current since the opening of the case. but they had been considered fabulous gossip.
 Prosecuting Attorney Allen said the call for troops was merely precau- ton. He was inclined, he added. not to believe many of the reports of inn pending trouble, but nevertheless did not think any chances should be taken. hC RA Ol NAOOPos hN COAASAAN0s would do no harm and would be in- surance against mistrial. Neither the interests of the state nor of the de- fense would be jeopardized if order were assured. he pointed out. The move was advocated on behalf of an impartial trial.
 Hidden" l. w. w. leaders are rep resented, according to current neui BAY. to be ready to save their comrades from the gallows at any cost. We will not let them die like dogs" is a statement alleged to have been made by one of these men.
 Persons interested in the defense of the ten men charged with first degree murder at Montesano are increasing in numbers fast
 Some of them, state officials say, are radicals of the direct action type.
 The little county seat was closely watched tonight by numerous special deputies.
 Justice Is fighting a losing battle against influenza, with one of the jur-
 (CONTTNIrErn ON DAGE, TXX1OA
Bisbee daily review., 1920-02-25
Russians Plan to
 Leave As Rebuke
 TO United States

NEW YORK, Feb. 24- A move ment with the avowed object of bringing about a general exodus from America of all Russians, "as a pro test against the governments con- duct of alien deportation cases" was announced here today by the Work CTS Defense union Of which Elizabeth Gurley Flynn is the head. The Rus sians behind the movement disclain any connection with Communist or Soviet organizations and declare they are acting because of ''injustices in- flicted upon foreigners by the gov ernment's conduct of deportation proceedings"
 It was added, however, that the Soviet government of Russia had of fered to provide 100 ships for the general withdrawal.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-02-25
n ENFORCE DRY LAW OVER HEAD IF OFFICIAL IF NORTHERN STATE Prohibition Agent Marches With Armed Forces on
 Iron River TO MAKE ARRESTS
 WITHOUT WARRANTS County Officials Refuse to
 Act Against Alleged
 Conspirators

CHAMPION. Mich, Feb, 24.- De. ficials of Iron county, Michigan. whom he charges with conspiracy to obstruct enforcement of the prohi- bition law, Maj. A V. Dalrymple with a force of 35 men passed through Champion tonight en route to iron River with the avowed inten- ton of making the arrests without warrants. At Negaunee, Mich. Lieut.. A. A. Downing, commanding the Michigan state constabulary in the upper peninsula, with a half troop of his men, joined Maj. Dalrymple and his party of 16 federal officers. Five additional state troopers at Caspian, Mich, have orders to pro- eeed to Iron River tonight. Major Dalrymple announced that all pr1s- oners taken in the raid would be taken out by way of Chicago to Grand Rapids, where they would be arraigned before Judge Sessions. The men whose arrests he seeks are:
 Martin McDonough, prosecuting at torney of Iron County; five deputy sheriffs, the chief and captain of DO lice of Iron River and three citizens.
 We are going to recover the eley- en barrels of wine these men took from my agents and the state police Mai. Dalrymple declared.
 'T will search every house in Iron River if necessary to recover the wine"
 Neither Maj. Dalrymple nor Lieut.. Downing anticipate any resistance at Iron River. The state troopers left their rifles in barracks and like the federal agents are carrying only sidearms.
Bisbee daily review., 1920-02-25
GET GA FROM
 LAST VENIRE
 AT TOMBSTONE

TOMBSTONE, Ariz., Feb. 24. - Sixty-four talesmen were awaiting examination for jury duty in the trial of Harry F. Wootton, first defendant to go to trial charged with kidnap- ping in connection with the Bisbee deportations when court adjourned today. The 64 ane all that remained of venire of 400 names last week
 This was the fifth venire and but 195 men reported. Employment with Phelps-Dodge interests and statute reasons excused all but 64. Thero was no examination of jurors con- ducted today although court adjourn ed at 3:35 o'clock after having been in session one and one-half hours Delay in court proceedings and the lateness of starting each day with the two hour noon recess, it was said, will be attacked by the prose cution. Special Prosecutor A. A. Worsley, it was said. has declared the delays are advantageous to the defense.