davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
HOW GEOGRAPHY SHAPES
ITALY'S DESTINY

Italy's peculiar geographic position
always has been one of the chief
sources of the country's remarkable
individuality-an individuality marked
by its political and economic course
since the armistice was signed. Ar
thur Stanley Riggs, writing to the Ma
tional Geographic society in this re-
gard, says:
From the beginning Nature set It.
ally apart. Every boundary is perfect
IL clear. The historic sea enfolds it
to the south, east and west. On the
north the terrific Alps sweep around
1t in a great semicircle from Mediter-
ranean to Adriatic, closing the circuit.
"To be sure, from the time Of Au-
guctus the boundary Of each side OF
northern Italy has been juggled. now
to the east, now to the west, by poll
tics but the physical boundary Is still
definitely there. So thoroughly did
the ancient chroniclers recognize these
natural limits that long before the
name Of Italy had any political sig
nificance or entity the writers applied
It to the country thus inclosed. The
peninsula, with its tremendous Apen
nine backbone. makes a huge boo
which thrusts out practically into thu
| center of the great midland sea.
Necessarily, then, Italy was exposed
to attack and invasion from thre,
| sides. Indeed, it was the invading. o
rather colonizing, Greek who combines
with the aborigine to form the pop
ulation that stocked the peninsula
Taken in a smaller way. biographies
site or position exercised no less dis
tinct an effect upon some Of the fore
most Italian cities; and in shapin
their affairs and men it also influence
the entire world.
"After forming this basin-norther
Italy-the Apennines sweep southwar
in q rugged backbone which dete'
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15

mines the whole internal geography
Of the country a. definitely ~ the
Alps do its outline northward.
I'm central Italy, west Of the noun
tains, the valleys Of the Arno and the
Tiber-the only streams Of importance
give the keynote to any geographic
study Of the region. Over on the east
ern coast no rivers Of importance can
exist, because the mountains there ap-
proach too close to the sea, though the
tortuous, mostly dry beds Of the tor
remit scar every height.
I'm this connection 1t is interesting
to note that nowhere is the peninsula
more than $50 miles wide, and gener-
ally not more than 100, while down
In Calabria the width dwindles In two
places to IS and 20 miles respectively.
One Of the most inspiring views in
the whole length Of the country also
displays this narrowness strikinglyl
when, on q clear day, from the Gran
Sasso, the highest point in the bleak
Abruzzi range. central Italy. at near
ly 10000 feet, one may look not only
eastward over the Adriatic to far Dial
matia's rocky shores, but also west.
ward over the mountain and moor. city
and sandy coast, to the dim and misty
blue Of the Tyrrhenian sea. In vol
canic southern Italy, likewise barren
of any great waterways the Apen
mines break up into groups Of hills AMI
peaks, not usually so lofty as farthe
| n0rthward.
"As In the case Of Japan. the sur
rounding sea makes a vast difference
in the Italian climate. Judged by 1T
position alone, the peninsula should b.
about the hottest part Of Europe
is only 80 miles from the southern
shore Of Sicily to Africa. But the twi
seas and the ever snow-capped noun
tains temper the heat, and the region
al peculiarities are such that we fin
Turin, for instance, colder in winte
than Copenhagen, and Milan as war;
in summer as Naples"
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
Sim FEN THREATS
CAUSE FOR ALARM
PROOF THAT PLOTTERs PLANNED
BOMBING RAIDS FROM vARI.
Gus PARTS OF LONDON.
Heavy earrieades Placed Across the
Approaches to Government o.
fees Following Discovery Of
Alleged Plots.

LOndOn.-The most turbulent week
In the history of Ireland came to
close Saturday night with reports OF
murders and explosions. coupled with
additional arrests coming In hourly
and the British government concen-
trating it's efforts to protect one or
more high officials from assassination
in London.
Whatever definite information the
government may have Of the alleged
Irish plot of further spectacular re-
prisals is not known publicly, al
though broad limitations have been
given in and out of parliament dur
ing the week that sensational revela-
lions were found in captured Sim
Fein documents.
Coincident with the erection on Sat
urday of heavy barbados across the
approaches to the government Offices
the Central News announced that
sensational discoveries have been
made concerning the Irish plotters
in London. Documentary proof, 1t
declares, has been seized showing the
plOtters planned bombing raids from
various parts Of this city. The bomb
ers, it is further alleged, were to
have been transported about the city
in motor cars, making it possible for
quick descents and equally rapid re
treats.
Sir Hamar Greenwood, chief secre
tary for Ireland and the stormy petre
of the weeks parliamentary debates
according to the Star, uses bullet
proof motor car whenever he Is driv
ing about Landon. The Star ADDS
that all the Irish radicals In Eng
land are known to the authorities
and are now under surveillance.
The Central News further alleged
that during this week many hlgl
officials Of the government nav
received threatening letters and ais
some anonymous warnings apparently
from persons who desired the safet
of the alleged threatened men.
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15

ty.first Psalm. and little later both
heads were displayed to the assembled
multitude on iron spikes. More grue-
some still, both heads finally were
boxed and sent to Philip II of Spain
sd that latter-day Herod might exult
at another victory over his northern
subjects.
Though the Brussels carpet of mod
ern times is not made in Belgium,
Brussels was paid a deserved tribute
in it's naming, for when it first was
manufactured at Wilton, England. the
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
WAR VETERANS ORGANIZED.
International Council at Paris Meeting
Selects Officers.

Paris.-Recommend that tn
veteran organizations of all the allie
countries observe May 30 as "intel
allied memorial day." was zone OF tn
first acts of the international cOunc
binding together the war veteran al
sOciations of the allied nations, whic
was organized Monday by deleg'
tons representing the allied countrie
The officers elected by the counc
were: President, Charles Bertrand
France; vice presidents. Cabot War
United States, and Colonel Crossfiel'
Great Britain; treasurer, Signor Ba
toni, Italy.
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15

product was patterned after the tap
estries for which Brussels was famous
for centuries.
In addition to its weaving Brussels
gained renown for its lacemaking. and
its needle-made laces still find their
way all over the civilized world. in
Guiding a considerable quantity to the
United States. The feminine culture
Of feudal times sought to express In
the delicate designs Of filmy fabric
what men wrought in the lace-like
architecture Of its cathedrals.
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
LABOR BOARD GIVEN WARNING
Ultra Conservative Leaders Demand
Early Action.

Chicago.-Warning that the ultra
conservative" leaders of the railroad
brotherhoods would cease their efforts
to hold their men in check unless some
plan to adjust differences between
roads and employees is found. was de-
livered to the United States railway
labor board Monday by Warren S.
Stone of Cleveland, grand chief of the
brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers.
Appearing before the board with Of
ficiaS of fifteen other recognized
raj unions, Mr.. Stone announced
that, otter being classed "fOr seventeen
years as ultra conservative. I have ar
rived at the point where am through
making excuses to the men,"
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
Destroyed Probe Evidence.

New York.-Sixteen of the twenty
members of the Employing Mettalic'
Turring and Lathing association were
arrested Tuesday on charge Of de-
stroying evidence needed by the leg
lslative committee investigating the
building trust"
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
LUXEMBOURG REPRESENTED
AT WASHINGTON

Luxembourg, latest and smallest Of
the countries Of the world to send
diplomatic representative to the Unit
ed States, has a ruler with a better
popular title to her throne than per-
haps any other reigning monarch.
Though the little grand duchy Is
smaller even than Rhode Island, 1t has
a history reaching farther into the
past than many of the great nations
among which it now takes place.
It has been buffeted about like a shut
tlec0ck by the countries that hem 1t
in, and at one time or another during
the past thousand years has been un-
der the control of nearly every one OF
the principal nations Of the western
part of the continent
While q part Of the Holy Empire.
Luxembourg furnished an emperor for
the German throne. Count Henry ~
of Luxembourg was elected to that po-
.;ltion in 1908 as Henry VII. Luxem-
burg later came under the control OF
Burgundy and then fell successfully
to Spain, Austria and the first French
republic. It remained under the SOW
| ereignty of the king of the Neither
lands from 1915 to the accession OF
| Queen Wilhelmina in 1890, when the
existence Of the Salic law-that anti.
feminist outburst of the old warrior
Franks-brought the grand duke OF
Nassau to the throne.
Even while the king Of the Neither
lands was sovereign of Luxembourg, II
was a member of the German confed
GRAFTON, with the city Of Luxemburt
garrisoned by Prussian soldiers. Re
tention of this garrison in the city afte
the division of old Luxembourg between
Holland and Belgium in 1881, and es
pecially after the dissolution of tn
German confederation in 1856, almos
caused the FrancO-Prussian war t
start three years ahead of time. Tn
matter was compromised by an agree
ment for the withdrawal of the Gel
man troops, and the establishment
the Notifications of the city of Luxen
burg, so strong that the fortress wa
known as "the Gibraltar of the North
In addition the grand duchy was Sc
up as an Independent state with II
! neutrality guaranteed. like that OF BE
:ium, by the powers. This guarante
l ...s one of the scraps Of paper"
1914.
During the World war Luxembul
was practically a prisoner to German
: hut because the inhabitants did n
y resist, the Germans treated them vii
a certain degree of consideration. II
sympathies of the people were wi
France, however, and several thOusal
+ Luxemburgians served with the Il
q color. This popular sympathy I
d France and the belief that the reig
n ing Grand Duchess Marie Adelaic
r had o.German leanings made her
n popular. After the armistice broug
about the retirement of the German
bloodless revolution broke out, a
Luxembourg added another. to Its 10
list of sovereignties by being rep'
q lie for a few brief hours. ConserS
tive elements brought about the al
l in
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
Spanish Asitators Are Deported.

Madrid.-Salvador Segur, popular
ly known as "Roy Del Sucre," and a
number of other leading syndicalists
we're taken from Barcelona Monday
night on board the yacht Giralda for
transportation to the Belearic islands
in the Mediterranean.
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
COLBY ANSWERS PROTESTANT
Assures californians Their Views WI
be Given Consideration.

be Given Consideration.
MISUNDERSTANDING Of Stat
Colby te,egraphed on Monday to Gov
ernor w. D. Stephens that. treaty NJ
gotiations with Japan are Uniforms
and tentative, and have not as "
reached the point of submission an
of formal consideration"
The dispatch replied to the protest {
the Japanese Exclusion league Of Cal
fornia against provisions in the treat
that would conflict with the anti-alie
land law of California.
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
MEXICO CITY: THE ROME
OF THE AMERICAS

I'm all the world one CANNOT uuu
a more remarkable capital than Mex
leo City," says william Joseph Sho-
walter, in a communication to the Ma
tional Geographic society.
Situated In a valley whose door
is a mile and half above the level
Of the sea, and whose borders are sur
rounded by towering mountains; To-
Gated where the beautiful volcanoes.
Popocatepetl and Ixtaccihuatl, rear
snow-capped heads above the plain and
stand eternal guard over 1t, its stu
alton is one of rare beauty and grand
eur. Its climate is mild, the temper
AZURE ranging from IS to 70 degrees.
with a mean Of IS degrees. No man
sleeps without a blanket in Mexico
City, nor needs an OvercOat at midday.
"Prior to the conquest the lakes OF
the Mexican valley were extensive and
the barges of the Aztecs sailed unin-
terruptedly from the gates OF Chapul-
tepec to ktapalapa. A large number
of canals intersected the ancient me-
tropolis of Tenochtitlan and connect
| ed with the lakes in the suburbs, max
ing 1t a sort of new world Venice.
I'm 1907 the celebrated Portuguese
engineer Martinez undertook to drain
the Valley Of Mexico by cutting a
canal through the mountains. The
work, however, was largely a failure
since 1t drained only one small lake
and an unimportant river, leaving
lakes Texcoco and Chalco still perpet
ual menaces to the city.
"In 1879 a huge drainage canal y
miles long was begun, which wa
completed in 1900, at a cost of abou
sS.OOO,O 600, American gold. Its com
pletion removed the danger Of inunda
lions from Mexico City and solved tn
problem which occupied the thought
and engendered the fears OF tn
Aztecs as far back as 1449.
"Mexico City is the most complet
mixture of the ancient and the moder
to be fornd in the new world. In
old city might date anywhere from tn
. tenth century, from its appearance
The new city is ultra modern, and yo
: stem from the sixteenth to the twel
: tieth century by walking across IL
street.
! 1.-THE parade ground Of Mexico Gil
. Is the Avenida de San Francisc
: This short street extends from II
{ Mexican White House to the Alamed
and is only about "a feet from cul
TO curb. Here, at the approach OF tv
light, every smart equipage In the ca
ital comes. Down the one side OF Il
u street and up the other side moves Il
Il procession at a slow walk, wniie
e erybody looks at everybody else.
=. "As Avenida de San Francisco unit
~ the old and the new cities. so does
- Cinco de Mayo Fifth of May) uni
u the cathedral, stateliest Of all the
y ligious edifices on the continent, WI
- the National theater, which
MANNED to be the most beautiful
~ all the amusement places in Ameri
- The Cinco de Mayo is the Wall STR
~ of Mexico. and the buildings viii
- line it are modern in every respect
1.-THE Paseo de la Reforma, extel
:, ing from Chapultepec to the Avenl
de Juarez, a short avenue connectl
=. the Paseo with Avenida de San FIR
~ cisco. is one of the finest drivewt
Ia of the world.
L. "The national pawnshop Is one
the unique institutions of the capt.
It was founded by Pedro Jose
Z nero de TerrerOs."
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
Would .unish Bomb rhrowers.

ROme.-Premier GlOlitti has intro
duced bill in the chamber Of depu-
ties which would make any person
found with bombs or other explosives
in his possession liable to severe
penalties.
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
Island. Renew Freedom Plea.

Washington.-Political activity and
postwar economic disturbances have
caused a renewal of sentiment in the
Philippine islands for independence,
according to Governor General Bur-
ton Harrison's annual report, just
made public.
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
Noted Educator Dies.

Berkley, Cal.-Mrs. Luella Little
Wilson, superintendent of schools at
Des Moines for nineteen years and
later founder Of the Stevan School for
Girls at Chicago, died here Wednes-
d0v
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
Sugar Company Again Indicted.

SUVAU SoWPaUy H0aU s"o'ssS~'
Butte, Mont. The Utah-Idaho
Sugar company was indicted Sat
urday by federal grand jury on six
counts, which allege selling of sugar
Mt an excess profit of 1921 cents, in
violation of the Lever act.
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
Jamaica Ginger Not intoxieant.

Boston.-Unless Jamaica ginger 70
sold as a beverage, it is not to be
considered as intoxicating liquor, the
full bench of the supreme court ruled
in setting aside verdicts against two
gto-e keepers.
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15

"eill" Hart Wins Suit Against Inee.
Los Angeles.-William s. Hart, mo
ton picture actor, has been granted
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
A Doubtful Bargain.

PflyverI bought this used car for
$500. Don't you think it's good
purchase?
Speedup-Yes, II It's genuine. But
you never can tell They're 90 clever
at making Imitation antiques.
The Challis messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1912-current, 1920-12-15
Practical Affection.

He-Darling there is an unconsum-
ing fire in my heart for you.
She-That's al right but wnat
muos/ ,nores .concefns me u to know.
~ = Substantial insurasce On
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-04-13
WOMEN WEEP AS GIRL
TELLS Of FATHERS ABUSE
Parent Laughs as Daughter Re-
cites Awful Treatment Re-
ccived at His Hands.

New York. April l3.--Minnie Gnr-
landcr's story of how her father once
threw a stick of wood at her, nail in
it lodging in her head, so moved the
women who crowded the New Jersey
avenue Court, Brooklyn, yesterday, at
the trial of John Galander for alleged
felonious assault, that they cried aloud
in sympathy.
Gallander, 81 is clay modeler, known
in vaudeville MS "Gallando."
"-That is my affidavit" the ls-year-old
girl said when she took the stand, but
I cannot read it. ! know it by the mark |
put on il. / never went 10 school. My
father and Madge ~Wenham, my ster-
mother, were always cruel to me. Once
my father threw cooking pot at me.
He has thrown irons, knives, forks and
tin plate at me. Madge Wcnham heated
n knife until IT was red hot and placed It
on my arm,
'The last Of ii was when they locked
me in cupboard and kept me there
three days without food. The cupboard
was back OF a bedroom and Annie, my
sister, stole q biscuit and bottle Of
water and brought them TO me. Madge
found it out and took the water away.
| remember that | was dragged To the
closet from the lower part of the house
and thrown in. Late IN the afternoon,
one day, ! managed to knock piece Of
wood out Of the closet door and slip
the bolt. | got to the cellar and escaped
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-04-13
WOODS HOLE TOO NOISY;
WILSON CHANGES PLANS
Finds Crane Estate Lacking IN
Desired Privacy for Prcsi-
dents Summer Home.

Washington. d. c.. April l3.---Presdent
Wilson will not establish the Summer
White House ai Woods Hole, Massa-
rhusetts. as bad been expected, but prob
ably will sekect some other place where
more accommodations are available tor
the large staff of secretaries and attaches.
IL became known yesterday that the
announcements that the President had Sc
lccted the estate of Charles X. Crane,
Minister 10 China, for his summer home
was premature. The President had ac-
ccpted Cranes offer of lease on the
propertv, but Il had not been inspected
hv the Secret Service operatives and
White House attaches, who always man
age the household surroundings OF the
President and his family.
When the White House advance agents
went over the ground. il is said they
came 20 the conclusion that the Crane
,Statc itself was not large enough, and
that the modations to be found
m the village were insufficient for the
force from the executive offices, which
would have to be moved TO Woods Hole
for the summer.
ID aso developed that the Crane man
sion is close TO a railway track where
many trains pass day and night; that
there are several automatic fog signals
IN the waters of Long Island Sound
rlose 10 shore, and that the layout of
the Crane grounds IN relation TO the
public streets and sidewalks of Woods
Hole were such that the secret service
men advanced what they termed prac-
tical obstacles To their peculiar plans
tor guarding the President.
When these considerations were land
before the President, it was said today,
he reluctantly abandoned his plan TO go
10 Woods Hole and was rcgretful that
Crane's offer had been accepted before
all the physical considerations which his
aides feel arc important, were investi-
gated
1t has not been decided where the
President will GO in view of the changed
plau. but several offers are before HIM.
The White House executive force wants
to choose a place where the physical ar
rangements are ss much the same as
here in Washington rs may Toe possible.
The President did not 90 motor drlv-
ing Yesterday but spnt his time on tho
White House portico, on the south lawn
and in his study His drive about the
capital Sunday served to- quiet Persistent
rilmors that he had suffered n setback.
Rear Admiral Grayson reiterated that
the President was in better condition
than he has been at any time since he
returned III from his speaking trip last
4 etobar
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-04-13
CAN'TENTER THIS COUNTRY.
Literacy Test Keeps Out Alien Who
Speaks Many Tongues.

New York, April l3.-Although he
speaks iluently six languages and had
lived in New York city ten years, George
Arsenis, Greek grocer, has been held
with his wife at Ellis Island since Feb
ruary 20 because he is unable to pass
the literacy test.
Arsenis speaks French, English, Span
ish. Italian, Greek and Rumanian, but
could not read the required number OF
words of any language that would re-
admit him to this country after long
stay abroad. The Labor Department IN
Washington is investigating the case.
Arsenis and his wife, who is English
and able to read, ran grocery store
in the Bronx several years ago and then
wnet to Europe on long vacation.
Legislation putting into effect the lit
eracy test was passed during their alb
spucp.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-04-13
PIN. FOUND AFTER Is YEARS.
Prisoner in Kansas City Wore Chester
town Stolen Jewelry.

Chestertown, Md, April IA valu-
able stickpih, stolen from the late Wilber
Elason, of Chestertown, 46 years ago,
was recovered last week by the police of
Kansas City, Mo-, when it was found on
prisoner.
The pin bears Mr.. Eliason's name.
The chief of police of the Western city
wrote to Chcstertown authorities in trying
TO get record Of the thief. MIR. Eliason
was relieved of his valuablcs while a
student at Yale in 1874.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-04-13
ENDS
SKIN SORENESS
AND ERUPTIONS

Poslam quickly and conveniently sup
plies the prompt relief you seek for ailing
skin, the active help you need to be rid OF
Pimples, to heal Eczema, TO drive away
Rashes Redness and TO clear intlamed
complexions.
To avoid further suffering try Pos
lam al once. splendid test is to apply 20
n small affected skin surface at night and
in the morning look to see how intiamma-
tion has subsidized how improvement
already shows.
Sold everywhere. For free sample,
write TO Emergency Laboratories, 23l
West 47th St, New York City
Urge your skin TO become clearer
brighter, better by the daily use Of pos-
lam Soap, moderated with Poslam.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1920-04-13

through window =
A day or two before her last imprison-
ment, the girl said, her father camc home
and started beating me-" Her step
mother, she said, said something to Gal
lander, which Minnie could not hear.
Then she declared, her father bit her in the
head with the piece of wood. The nail
protruded from IT,
The girls father did not appear TO
take her testimony seriously Gallandor
enickered during much of il and more
than once he laughed aloud. Finally
he attracted the attention of Magistrate
Walsh.