The Dallas express. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1893-1970, 1920-05-15

The slime of the builders Of Babel
49,, n,.ah rh,ch coa,ad tba
~" s..,.a.
Noah AiA anu 'no Jun usn pasAs'
of Moses were its products. In
Genesis. Slime pits are mentioned,
4vbiIa a. deuteronomy ana Ioh tbere
- ,,asssees sneaking ~ III ont ~
she rot ma aAtscab mentions rivers
70 ~ ccientia,e al Through the
esos ,,ado discovayias ~ ali Kinds
oS III ana come wav Of utilizine
them Rhf MOI KNOWING how 10 get
me nroduct N nuantitv Il was of
iitttle nae Now IN history If Amer
I'D tbo indian medicine mon used
the seenaga from rocks containing
III and An tha carly exnlorers found
oil covering nools foafine IN streams
ana seeming from rocIzs In 1595
Sir waiter Raleigh discovered Trim
idad,e wonderf,tI Mitch lake Prehis-
toric iii nits lined with wood were
alone the hank az oil creek George
Wae6inotnn in 1775 located and
daaded III tbe nublic n square acre
N he Kanawha Valley containing
a burning snring And in 1914 there
was q we'll sunk INST "a miles north
~ Marietta Ohio. and IN 1928. peo-
nIa talked ~ irving to light Pitts
hnrg with N. INT at that time did
MT succeed few years later crude
driI1ing was undertaken IN Indiana
and Rnssia but not until 1889 was
there ever an oil well any where
that was IN any way a commercial
success No. This well wasn't the
nucleus If the wonderful oil and gas
Industry of TODAY. II was drilled by
Col Edwin I, Drake on the east OF
oil creek IN Venango County. near
TitusvilIe pa. and completed Aug.
81. 1889. From that time the oil
business has grown in leaps and
bounds: far surpassing any business
in growth. and today l1920) the very
spot where the Drake we'll was drill
ed Is still producing oil In having
quantities
on wells are practically all drilled
wells. The most common form in
use ia the stand rig or derrick 1t
somewhat resembles a windmill, but
Is much stronger and larger. II is
OF wood or steel and about so feet
high--more or less. The string of
tools is hung from the top of the
derrick to the crown pulley; they
are hung by heavy MANILA or wire
by the driller; as the well deepens,
the drilling movement is impaired
by power walking beam which is
heavy timber working on an axis.
This walking beam rocks up and
down with a stroke, from 3 to A
feet. thus the tools are raised and
dropped at regular intervals; their
weight giving stroke equal to a
hammer. the power is steam or gas
engine. The tools consist of
rod socket and a heavy stem
or sinker about 40 feet long and
5 inches in diameter, a set of jars
for the purpose of imparting a whip
ping motion and a large bit at the
bottom.
Deep wells are most all cased.
An iron pine Is inverted. lowered
till the TOD is flush with the ground.
When another Joint is screwed on.
and in turn lowered till the re-
auired depth is reached. often a
well is cased to a certain depth. and
then the size of the hole is decreased
and drilling continued. This may be
done several times in yery deep
wells. When a well is drilled to
the desired depth it is usually shot"
This means that a quantity Of Nitro
glycerin is lowered into the well
and then set off. The explosion
which follows loosens up the pro-
ducing sand and causes oil from
some distance to flow into the hole.
Now when a well is shot, dirt mud,
oil, stones and everything in the up
heaval is shot high over the top Of
derrick. This artificial eruption lasts
from to Is minutes. A gusher,
is well that continues to flow of
its own force and hard enough to
shoot the oil high into the air. This
is caused by both an abundance of
oil and enough gas to blow it up
beyond the surface of the ground.
Many wells produce both oil and
gas. Most of wells are pumped.
The oil is usually pumped to the
surface of the ground through 2
inch tubing. Although diameter of