davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24
Dust Fans Prevent
Thrasher Explosion

Farmers and thrashermen in the
Pacific Northwest, where thrasher eX-
plosions and fires have been most fire.
quent, are manifesting a great deal
of interest in the dust-collecting fan
worked out by the United States de-
partment of agriculture. This fan
takes care of smut and other dusts
in such way as to minimize the dam
ger of sufficient dust In suspension
to cause an explosion. In connection
with the system worked out for
grounding thrashers to get rid of the
static electricity generated by the
machinery in operation, the fan has
proved itself an almost sure preVen-
ton. There is no record OF any ma
chimes having exploded when proper
ly equipped with these devices. From
the Walla Walla and Palouse districts
of Washington, where not less than
eighty explosions occurred last year,
numerous appeals by telegraph and
otherwise are coming to the depart
ment for information as to Where the
fans can be bought. The department
for some time past has worked close
ly with manufacturers OF thraShlnS
machinery, arranging Tor having Ine
fans manufactured in adequate num-
bers. The Washington grain men
are being put in touch with the man
ufacturers who are in position TO
supply their needs. The department.:
however, has been forced by lack OF
funds to abandon it's inVest1gatlona1
work, and the plans for still further
improving the prevention system mas
been abandoned, at least for the pres
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24
HELP THE FARMER HARVEST
CITY MANS DUTY THIS YEAR

With shortage of farm labor, as
acute this year as in the critical war
year of 1918, threatening a curtail-
ment of food production on the
farms, especially at the trying sea-
son of harvesting, the United States
department of agriculture is endeav-
oring to stir up the interest of CITY
men in spending their vacations in
the fields, particularly as harvest
helpers.
Everyone remembers the now IA
nous "shock troops" of the war
years, who went into the harvest
fields of Kansas and other large
wheat-producing states and lent a
hand at gathering III the nation s
bread supply. They included men in
many walks of life-college students
and city men, including bankers, law
yers, doctors, clerks, and state and
city officials. These veterans, to-
gether with other volunteers to
swell the ranks, are urged to mob
ilize again this year to help relieve
the present shortage and so aid in
combating high costs of food prod
uctS.
Rendered Good Service in 1918
In making. this appeal it is recog-
nized that, at the outset at least,
such labor is not as efficient as ex-
perienced farm labor, but the excel
lent results secured in 1918, when
city men IN large numbers came to
the aid of the farmers, leave no
doubt as to the success of the pres
ent canvass, if the men respond.
The present labor shortage has
arisen in spite of the fact that farm
wages are Is to 25 per cent higher
than last year. The situation. ur-
remedied. can not fail to have an
Unfavorable effect on production. ac-
cording to observers of the depart
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24

Plenty of string beans in jars in
the store closet means that the basis
for innumerable salads and Vegeta-
BILE side dishes is at the housekeeD-
ers command all during the winter
months, so when this vegetable is at
it's best in the garden or on the mar
ket the wise woman cans enough for
use when it is out of season. The
following directions for canning
string beans are given by the United
States department of agriculture:
Select small, tender wax or green
beans for canning purposes. Beans
which have grown within the pod to
any size are difficult to can, and the
resulting product is not as satisfac-
The sooner the beans are in the jar
after picking the better the flavor
and the more certain they are to
keep. Wash, string, and cut off the
ends of the beans. Whole beans
may be canned or they may be cut
in short lengths. Those cut diagonal
ly are attractive in appearance.
Fill Jars with Hot Brine
Place the beans in wire sieve or
in cheesecloth and blanch (scald) in
hot water or live steam for from
three to five minutes, or until the
pod will bend without breaking. On
removal, drain we'll and pack into
hot Jars which have been boiled for
fifteen minutes. On the jars place
rubbers which have been boiled in
a solution of one tablespoon of soda
to one quart of water.
Cover beans with hot brine made
from four level tablespoonfuls of
salt to four quarts of boiling water;
Put on top which has been boiled
fifteen minutes. With glass-top jars
put one wire bail in position. Make
screw tops about half tight. Process
ing beans under steam pressure is
recommended. Quart jars should be
processed forty-five minutes under
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24

A number of state experiment
stations are publishing the results
of tests on thick spacing of cotton,
as opposed to the old. system of
the experiments have demonstrated
the value of thick spacing, or the
single-stalk culture system, that has
been advocated by the United States
department of agriculture for several
years past. Some of the agricultural
ports of experiment stations, and,
while they advise planters to adopt
the thick-spacing system, they be-
lieve that the old system has become
SO thoroughly established that it's
overthrow will be difficult. That
ing of the scientific principle on
which the thickspacing method is
based, department specialists have
attempted to make that clear in a
statement just issued.
Grows Pruiting Branches Only
Cotton produces more lint when it
is thick in rows than when it is
thin in rows because of a somewhat
unusual branching characteristic. The
cotton plant puts out two kinds of
branches-short lateral branches that
bear fruit and long, heavy, vegeta-
ondary stalks. These vegetative
branches finally put out lateral fruit
branches, but they require long
season in which to do it. Under ad-
verse conditions, such as drought or
boil weevil infestation, they do not
produce cotton, because their fruitinG
season is SO late that the adverse
condition., whatever it may be, frus-
trates it.
If cotton is sufficiently thick in
the row, the plants put out only
fruiting branches. There is no room
for the vegetative branches to grow.
Therefore plant growth is restricted.
Experiments conducted several years
by the department of agriculture
showed that cotton three feet apart
is in effect just as close together
as cotton three inches apart-that
is to say, when the cotton is spaced
three feet apart it puts out enough
yegetative branches or secondary
stalks to make the equivalent of one
stalk every three inches. These sec
ondary stalks are at the disadvantage
of being several weeks later than
the original stalks, and therefore can
not come into bearing nearly SO early.
This might not reduce the ylelo our.
ing a long growing season. but where
the boil weevil has to be contended
with the secondary stalks rarely sue
ceHd in producing bolls and the en-
tire yield is confined to the portion
of the plant above the topmost Vege-
tative branches.
Yields Ehown by Experiment
When the plants are thick in the
row ali the branches are fruiting
branches, and the plant consequently
produces bolls from bottom to top.
More than that, it produces them
early and natures them to Such an
extent that they are practically boil
weevil proof before the boil weev1l
investation reaches the danger stage.
Experiments made by the depart
ment of agriculture some time ago
showed that cotton plants inches
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24
BOYS AND GIRLS MAKE BIG
SUCCESS IN POULTRY WORK

In Catawba county, N. c., live two
boys. Their last name is Wagner
and their first names are Paul and
Aleen. The poultry club agent, who
supervises their work, does not state
in his report what their middle
achievements. Hustler would be emil
nently suitable, for in 1919 these two
lads made a profit of $547.79 on their
backyard poultry and squads and
won twenty-seven first prizes in the
best shows in the state, in both open
and club classes
Paul and Aleen belong to one Of
the many poultry clubs which are
organized by the United States de-
partment of agriculture and the
ed the seasons work with sixty
standardized hens of three different
breeds-White Leghorns, Barred
Plymouth Rocks, and Rhode Island
Reds. The eggs and chickens which
the boys sold from their flocl1s dur
ing the year amounted to $593.74.
AS their expenses were $296.22, a
profit of $297.52 was left.
One end of the poultry house in
the Wagner back yard is devoted to
pigeons, of which Paul and Aleen
have about 100 pairs. A flying pen
tunity for outdoor flying and COM
pletes a practical, inexpensive pigeon
loft Almost every week these club
boys ship dressed squads to New
York In 1919 they sold 1888 squads,
a number which, from losing most
of the young squads Matched in. jan
uary and February, is far below
what they hope to sell in an ordi-
nary year. The amount received for
the SQUADS sold was $445.23. The
cost of their feed was s194.96, leav-
ing a profit for the boys of $25O.27
Juvenile Poultry Clubs
Only in comparatively recent years
has poultry production been recog-
nized as both a valuable national as
set and a very important part of the
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24
Beef Imports for 1920 Show
Slight Increase Over 1919

There was very little difference in
the quantity of fresh and refrigerat-
ed beef imported into the United
states in 1919 and 1920. The figures
are taken from the meat inspectors
reports, bureau of animal industry,
United States department of agricul-
ture. In ten months ended in April.
1919, 27,673,105 pounds of fresh and
refrigerated beef were imported In
the period ending at the correspond
ing time in 1920 the quantity of fresh
and refrigerated beef arriving in the
United States from foreign coun-
tries was 2796S,SSO pounds, an in
crease of about a quarter of a mil
lion pounds.
Fresh and refrigerated meats of
other kinds jumped to twice the
quantity in the ten months ending
April, 1920. as for the same period
in 1919. The figures show 7,933,377
pounds for 1919 and 1879, 663
pounds for 1920. But the canned
and cured meats imported during the
same periods show remarkable drop
from 12G,624.34S pounds in 1919 to
less than 100000 pounds in 1920
This item accounts for the marked
decrease in the total meat products
imported. The total weight i'm
ported in tn" 1919 period was 16S.-
6O2.911 mounds. but 1920 brought on
ly 50,246,6o5 pounds.
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24
CAN ENOUGH STRING AND WAX
BEANS FOR NEXT WINTERS USE

pressure of ten pounds. With hot
water Gamer or with a homemade
Gamer made out of a wash boiler
or lard can process the Jars three
hours if the one-period procedure is
used. Make sure the water is boil
ing before starting to count time:
When boiled, tighten the covers and
cool.
If the intermittent boiling proce-
dure is used. boil for one hour on
ers after each boiling. When the
processing is finished, lift the jars
from the Gamer. Cool in a spot free
from drafts; test and store. In event
of leakage when jar is tested, re-
move rubber, put on new. wet, boiled
one and process fifteen minutes
more.
Vinegar Aids in Preventing Spoilage
During the past year the home
economics experimental kitchen OF
the United States department of
agriculture has been experimenting
with the addition of small amount
of acid-vinegar-to non-acid vege-
tables being canned. This work is
being continued, and the results thus
far indicate that one to four table,
spoons of vinegar added to a quart
jar help greatly in reducing the
gar is added. the time of processing
can be reduced. For instance, it is
found that corn, which ordinarily is
difficult to can successfully, keeps
we'll when four tablespoonful OF
vinegar are added to a quart jar pro-
cessed three hours continuously.
String beans, old peas and spinach
are other vegetables successfully
canned by this method.
The addition of vinegar to canned
vegetables in the amounts mentioned
modifies to some degree the natural
flavor of the vegetable, but the re-
suit is not Objectionable to most
people and in many instances is not
noticed.
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24
SUDAN GRASS WINS
IN AMERICAN AGRICULTURE

Ten years after it's introduction
to the United States from Khartum,
Africa, Sudan grass was being sue
cessfully grown% in nearly all parts
of the United States. 1t does not
serve we'll either as a money crop"
or a soil improver, hence 1T may
never find a permanent place in reg
ular crop rotations. 1t has, never
theless, a very important place in
the farmers second line of defense
as a catch crop which can be planted
to give satisfactory returns when
conditions have brought failure to
other hay crops. This is the verdict
pronounced by the United States de-
partment of agriculture in farmers
bulletin 1925, recentlYn issued;
Sudan grass is replacing millet as
the premier catch crop in many To-
calities because of it's ability to pro-
duce a fair yield and high quality
Of hay under conditions of low rain
fall; it's rather short growing season,
and its ability to thrive on a wide
range of soil types. Large yields of
Sudan grass are obtained only on
good soils, but the grass fails COM
pletely only on cold, poorly drained
land.
Sudan grass produces heavily. In
California under irrigation, it has
made yields of 9.8 tons of field-cured
hay an acre, when alfalfa produced
but 8.3 tons under like conditions; it
ordinarily yields about the same as
alfalfa under irrigation in the south
west, but Sudan grass gives it's full
crop in three cuttings against the
four or five required for alfalfa. 1t
is the only grass yet found which in
this part of the United States ranks
as the equal of alfalfa in point of
yield and quality of the hay. It's
record in this respect has led to it's
use in patching" old alfalfa fields
when the stand Of alfalfa has been
destroyed In the Southern Great
Plains, where there is low rainfall.
Sudan grass grown without irriga-
ton will yield from one to three
tons of hay to Ithe acre.
There are certain parts of the Unit
ed States where the department of
agriculture considers it unwise to de-
pend on Sudan grass for hay. This
miles wide along the northern boun-
dary: the regions of high attitudes
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24

the Important factors in bringing
about the realization of the impor-
lance of the poultry industry is the
establishment of poultry clubs
among the boys and girls. Just as
poultry keeping was formerly consid-
cred a minor branch of farm work
so it was formerly thought that the
keeping of fowls was purely an &C.
! tivity for adults. With the develop
ment of other forms of agricultural
clubs among children it was found
for clubs having for their object the
production of poultry. In 1912 this
project was formally launched by the
United States department of agricu1-
ture in the state of Virginia.
The poultry-club work was begun
scale, to see if it would be profitable
and practical. At the end of 1913 the
success of the work, as 1t was car
rfed on in three counties in Virginia
with $50 members, proved that ii
had wide possibilities for effective
highly practicable in accomplishing
It's principal object-interesting the
boys and girls in rural sections in
raising poultry-but it demonstrated
that the people in sections where the
clubs were formed realized the i'm.
portance of the work.
In 1919 there were 29,4S0 boys and
girls engaged in poultry work in the
United States. From reports sub
mitted by over 10000 of them it is
shown that they raised 45S.352
chicks to maturity and their f1ocks
produced for them $493.719.36 in
poultry and eggs. When it is consid-
cred that this amount of poultry
was produced by less than one-half
the number Of members enrolled. it
is reasonable to assume that the
poultry products produced by all the
considerably over half million dol
lars
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24
Texas Sets New Record
In QinpinQ Cattle

Get the last tick!'
With this goal in view cattle own
set a new high mark in cattle dip
pings for the months Of April and
May. Reports from the federal tick
eradication offices at Fort Worth and
Houston, Tex, show that during
April 2,O51,472 clippings of cattle
were supervised by federal, state 1 ana
county employees in that state. Dur
ing May the total number of official
clippings reached 2,352,7
In Madison county, which was re-
leased from quarantine only last De
CO Der, cattle owners are mopplng
up the few remaining ticks, and
also are rapidly introducing pure
bred sires-a step which could not
safely be taken before because of the
danger from tick fever. The county
received 125 registered bulls during
May. In other counties Improvement
in the condition of cattle has been
noticed by stock owners, who are
the last fever ticks.
The rapid progress, according TO
the federal officials supervising the
work, shows the confidence of cattle
owners in the permanent Dement'S foi-
lowing destruction of the tick. But
even more noteworthy is the sys-
tematic manner in which Texas as
whole is supporting the zone law and
taking up the work of tick eradica-
ton in the different zones as pro-
vided for by the state legislature. In
the past the state policy did not re-
quire the dipping of cattle except
when tick exposure was demon
strated, but this year all cattle are
included in the dipping activities and
it is hoped this practice. will con-
tinue. The state live stock sanitary
commission of Texas is supporting
the federal policy of dipping all the
cattle, with the result that pastures
can be practically freed from ticks
in one season. That has been the re-
suit elsewhere when all cattle have
been dipped.
Representatives of the United
States department of agriculture in
Texas are of the opinion that If the
systematic dipping of cattle contin-
ues to be prosecuted during the
months of June, July and August as
vigorously as during April and May,
conditnons will be such that num-
Der of counties in zone 1 will be
ready for release from quarantine
early in the month of September. If
such favorable conditions can be
brought about it would be Of very
great advantage to cattle owners
and the industry generally by per-
hitting the free movement of cattle
from released counties during the
autumn months
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24

ment, who are watching the condi
ton closely. 1t will tend, they say
to. prevent any reduction in the
prices of farm products. While the
total acreage undoubtedly has beer
reduced as a result of the present
situation, it is not in so large pro
portion as the reduction in the labor
| supply. because the farmers will
their families exerted themselves tt
the utmost to overcome the handicap
Cultivation this year was less inten-
sive than formerly. More land was
put into grass and such crops as re.
qu1red a minimum of labor, It Is
| said, and the titled fields consequent.
ly suffered.
Grain States Need Help
From many of the harvest centers
are coming appeals for help. In some
of the big grain-producing states of
the west such as Idaho and Ne
braska, the demand for labor for
planting the crops and tending them
was fairly we'll met. Harvesting and
thraS hing, however, means more help,
and it is this that the farmers in
these areas are worrying about Help
must come from the cities, and it is
to arouse the interest of city men
and obtain their aid that the de-
partment and other agencies of the
government and the states are di-
recting their efforts.
Persons who are DESTROYS of re-
spending to the appeal should get in
touch with directors of agricultural
extension at the agricultural colleges
in the various states. These direc-
tors are prepared to supply the names
of county agents having farmers in
their respective counties who need
farm labor. By this means anyone
wishing to help can get in direct
communication with the farmer. In
the grain-producing states local en-
plOYmcnt headquarters are establish
eu at various centers.
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24

in western states, and also most of
Florida and a narrow strip of land
along the gulf coast. Low tempera-
lures prevent success with the grass
in the first two regions named, and
disease is the limiting factor along
the gulf coast. In a majority of
the central and southern states, how
ever, climatic and soil conditions GEe
favorable to Sudan grass.
Although Sudan grass Is best
adapted by nature to use as a hay
crop, it is also used with great sue
cess as a soiling and pasture crop
for summer pastures. It's use as q
silage material is limited by the fact
that it is easily made into hay and
fed as such with very little waste,
and also because corn and sorghum
both outyield it nd are generally
available throughout the region
where Sudan grass is grown.
In the semi-arid districts the
highest yields are obtained when the
of cultivation. The advantage in
yield of the row over the drilled
seedlings is so small, however, that
most farmers prefer to avoid the
necessity of cultivation by drilling
or broadcasting the seed. A common
Sudan grass seed without trouble
and the hay from drilled seedlings is
finer stemmed and natures more
evenly than row paintings.
The feding value of Sudan grass
is equal to timothy hay. In locali-
ties where soy beans or coWpeaS do
we'll these legumes may be grown in
mixtures with the Sudan grass. Such
a mixture produces a hay of higher
feeding value than the grass alone,
because of the high protein content
of the legumes.
Sudan grass hybridizes freely with
the sorghums. 1t is necessary, there
fore, if pure seed is produced, to
have the Sudan grass field at some
distance from any sorGhpms, other
wise it will result in a mongrel crop
the following year.
The department of agriculture s
new bulletin goes very thoroughly
into the details of cropping, planting,
harvesting-both for hay and for
seed-as we'll as the best methods
of efeding the ha yto live stock.
Atlanta tri-weekly journal. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1920-19??, 1920-07-24
Assumes Duty Of
Protecting Alaskan
Fur-Bearing Animals

The administration of regulations
designed for the protection of land
fur-bearing animals, which formerly
has been assigned to the secretary of
commerce, became a duty of the sec
rotary of agriculture July 1, in ac-
cordance with an act passed by con-
gress May 81, 1920. Under the new
arrangement the biological survey of
the United States department Of agri-
culture is placed in immediate
it is especially qualified, since, among
other duties, it already has charge
OF important activities relating to the
control and conservation of wild
mammals and birds, administers fed
eral laws protecting birds and game,
fur-bearing animals.
The regulations issued on June 10
by the secretary of agriculture,
which became effective July 1, in
the main are those which have been
in force heretofore. Among the i'm
law are that no fur-bearing animal
shall be killed when the pelt is I'M
prime. The killing of any land fur
bearing animals at any time by
means Of the trap or device known
as the "kilps," or by means of any
steel bar trap or any other trap with
jaws have a spread exceeding eight
inches, is prohibited. The use of
dogs for pursuing and killing land
fur-bearing animals for which closed
seasons exist is also prohibited.
Likewise, it is unlawful at all times
to kill any land fur-bearing ami
NAL by means of strychinine or any
other poison. The shipment of furs
consigned for points outside Alaska,
which may be made at any time,
should be reported to the bureau of
biological survey, United States de-
mart ment of agriculture. on aDDrO-
pirate blanks, which will be supplied
for the purpose.
The black, glacier and cinnamon
ot v MU hare 1rebbitl and Arctic
hare may be killed at any time.
Open seasons, varying in length, ac-
cording to the district concerned,
are specified, for hnuskrats, otter,
particulars regarding the regulations
will be sent on request to any on.
addressing the department at Wash
in utn