New-York tribune., 1920-01-18

JAot Wussk ~ ID tAoS yON &ioVOt ~ AoSp
you have something to learn.
Whether it be "rolling riot" done
up in limousine package, or a
"henry," it is simply steel frame on
wheels, upon which are placed an en-
gine, with devices for connecting it to
an ignition system, certain levers and
pedals to regulate the engine speed and
q steering wheel and It's connections.
Also there is some sort of body with
seats for the driver and passengers.
1t may have a great many more devices
Of one sort or another, but unless it
has the ones enumerated it will not get
far. and occasionally you see car
running around with little more than
the list given.
Your car Is an automobile because 1t
contains Its own propelling force and
does not require q horse or steam en-
gine hitched to it to make it go. When
you are towed in they have taken the
auto out of automobile. 1t is then an
oughtomobile.
have chassis, called in wagon the
running gear; an engine and body
The chassis is made Of angle iron or
steel, usually, riveted into a shape de-
signed to carry the other parts. The
steel frame rests upon springs, partly
to absorb road shocks; the springs
bear upon the axles. On the axles are
wheels provided with tires to absorb
you will need the help of we'll padded
and spr;nged cushions to get rid, for
comforts sake, of moro road shocks.
The axles, unlike on a wagon, are
both fixed rigid-that Is, neither front
nor rear swings for turning. The rear
axle Is In two parts. revolving in q
housing and Joined in the center by
diferential, a gear device which per
mits the two parts to move at different
speeds in turning corner. This is
necessary, since the outer wheel in
turning travels greater distance, and,
were there no allowance for this, one
or the other rear tire would drag over
the ground and wear. Other uses will
be discussed later.
The ditferential housing is kept from
twisting by a torQue tube or rod which
is fastened to the frame. To keep
the rear axles at right angles to the
frame there are radius rods to tie them
to the frame.
The front axle really is not an axle,
but part of the frame, and the axles
consist of steering knuckle suspended
in yoke at the ends of the psuedo
axle, and the wheels turn on tapered
spindles forged with the knuckles The
latter are connected with q tie rod,
which makes them act together, and a
turn buckle keeps the wheels approx
mately parallel They are not exactly
parallel, since they undergather to
knuckle, for strength. This calls for a
slight foregather; that is, the wheels
toe In. to keep them from wabblings too
much. 1t brings a slight pressure on
each wheel similar to that Of the water
on the bow Of boat, and makes steer
ing easy: Neither the foregather no1
undergather is to be excessive, for
there is slight wear occasioned, off.
set, however, by the advantages oi
wheel and mechanism control the from
wheels.
Brake drums are attached to the rea
wheels, with inside and outside band
and appliances to tighten them agains
the drums, giving friction to slow O.
stop tho car. These are connected t,
levers and pedals for use by the driver
Upon the chassis frame forward rest.
the motor, bolted fast. Forward O
this is the radiator, if it be waite,
cooled, with connecting pipes to tn,
motor water jacket. The cooling sys
tenn may be by pump or thermo syphon
In some cases engines are air cooled
The aim is to keep the motor just COO
enough to keep the lubricating oil from
burning on the cylinder walls.
To supply the motor with fuel ther
10 q carburetor, which mixes air an
gasoline in proper proportions, the sup
ply Of gasoline coming by pipe fror
the fuel tank. The modern method use
VD ArI 4on IN tO1 tx1v
the intake manifold, draws gasolin
from the main tank and then feeds
by gravity to the carburetor Lever
give the driver control Of the fuel su,
ply.
To ignite the fuel there is batter
and coil, or high tension magnet
with its own coil and distributor.
comb nation of both, controlled by
lever on the steering wheel. When
seif-sta rter is used there is storat
battery, supplying the starting mot
and ignition and fed by generate
and usually the latter has circu
breaker and distributor, though som
times there Is q separate magnetic al
coil.
Lubr,cation is supplied by spla.
system, or by gravity or force feed oil
system with pipes leading to the bea
ings.. In the splash system projecto,
oil and splash 1t over tho intern.
parte.
The engine consists of one or mo,
cylinders, each with piston with rim,
to seal the cylinder with the aid Of Of
The pistons are connectd to the cranl
with connecting rods. the explosion
the cylinder forcing down the pisto
thus turning the crank and producir
rotary motion The hywheel CARR.
the crank over the strokes, making II
motion continuous.
To connect the power to the driyir
wheels are several devices. First is tY
clutch, which serves TO apply and c,
off the power without stopping Or
motor, by friction in some form. TT
most common are the cone clutch an
the multiple disk clutch. To provit
for varying speeds and reversing. an
extra power when needed, gear scts a,
introduced. In q general way this Ia
set Of cog wheels Of different sizes @
parallel shafts. Engaging different ser
OF gears gives varying speed forwaY
or reverse motion.
From the gear case the power
transmitted by tho drive shaft, wit
arc or two universal joints to take u
the angle between the engine Icys
and roar axls level and the variatio
due 70 sp-tng action.
Upon the wheels are tires made up {
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