davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1920-01-16
World Found Great Difficulty in
Returning From War to
Peace Conditions.
MAKING THE GERMAN TREATY
Europe in State o. Ferment, While
the United States Was Struggling
With Grave Industrial and Eco
nonic Problems.
BY DONALD =. siGcs.

After nearly five years Of frlShtful
warfare. i'm which all of the great pow
.,s and many of the smaller nations
had been involved. the world found 1t
difficult to return to anything like nor
nal conditions during the year 1919.
While the armistice which was signed
in the closing weeks OF 1913 brought
4 cessation of hostilities between the
two groups OF nations that had been
engaged In the great struggle. 1t did
not bring peace to nil the peoples in
volvcd. Technically the world still
was at war throughout practically all
cf the year just closed as the peace
treaty which was framed in Paris
after months Of negotiation could not
he made fully effective until ratified
ny the great powers and formally pro-
mulgated by the peace conference.
Failure Of the United States senate to
ratfy the treaty, because of opposition
tn the covenant OF the League Of Ma
tons. which was made part of the
p"ace treaty. prevented the formal
declaration Of peace until more than
. year after the armistice WAS signed.
Internal disorders and territorial
disputes arising from the establish
ment Of many new nations kept q
large part OF Europe in turmoil. Such
complete remaking OF the map Of
Europe us resulted from the great war
naturally could not be accomplished
without friction. The great empire Of
Austria Hungary had fallen to pieces
with the defeat Of the central powers
and out Of the wreckage new states
arose. These new misunderstanding.
Hungary. Poland and the Czech and
.Tugosav States--could not establish
their new boundaries without friction
among themselves and with their
ncighborS. The new government of
Germany. which had been transformed
into republic. was striving to main
tain itself against the attacks Of radi-
cal elements. Russia was torn by
civil strife, with half dozen groups
fighting for the mastery. At times
world peace seemed still far Off. but as
the year passed conditions became
more settled and 1t seemed probable
that with the formal PRONUNCIATION OF
The peace treaty the chaos into which
Europe had been thrown would pass.
In the United States conditions were
not so unsettled as In the nations that
had been longer engaged in the war.
but here. as In Europe. the transition
from war to peace basis was not
easy. New Industrial problems had
been created. The high cost Of living
unused labor to make insistent and re-
peated demands for higher wages and
resulted In numerous strikes among
all classes OF workers. Radical lead
eIs took advantage OF the unrest that
existed to recruit their forces and
they became so active that the con-
sntuted authorities Of the nation
hnaily found It necessary to take de-
termined steps TO suppress disloyal
prODAQBpIo
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1920-01-16
The Making of Peace.

The first steps toward the organi-
zatlon Of the peace congress were
taken on January IL when the SUI
Welne war council. members of which
were President Wilson and Secretary
Lansing Of the United States. and tho
preinierS and foreign ministers Of
Great Britain. France and italy. to-
sether with Marshal Foch and mill
vary representatives of the several
powers. began actual consideration OF
'''c terms OF peace to be imposed upon
inc central powers. The peace con-
SreSs Itself. without delegates from
NC defeated powers or Russia. met In
me ministry OF foreign affairs at
iarls on January IS. President Will
'oh propoScd Premier Clemcnccau FOR
permanent chairman Of the confer.
"nce and the delegates elected him by
unanimous vote. 1t was determined Mt
~" beginning that only the five great
"'"'Serent powers, the United States,
treat brltain, France, Italy and japan.
SHOULD take part I'm all meetings OF the
conference and commission TO be ap-
'''l'ed; that other bclligercnt AMI as
"c'aicd powers should participate
'"'E III meetings ut which questions
concerning them were to he discussed.
AS Tie representatives OF the many
"'Ilgerent nations entered upon the
~, ,"NN OF bringing peace to the world
europe was In turmoil. Poland was
o''ug reconstructed and the 6xlng Of
,'F boundaries gave rise to many con-
'o'crSics between the Poles and sur.
'"ohoing peoples. The question OF
""c'hcr a League of Nations should
w created as means of preventing
'u'"re wars was one Of the first to be
,"heh up by the peace conference. On
'"h'iary % the conference formally
".c'ared In favor Of the establishment
-" League Of Nations. and com.
mission, OF which President Wilson
VAS chairman. was appointed to pre-
p"re definite plan. The League Of
'"l'ohS commission held its first meet.
,,s on February 3 and on February Il
''s'"ent Wilson read and explained
INC peace conference draft OF the
~, ,nnSulutlon for the League Of Nations.
p'an provided for an executive
.pnhcil to be composed OF representa-.
'''S OF nine nations and for un inter-
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1920-01-16

companieh 10y airp!aneS. crossed theI
border in search of the bandits. Pres
idcnt Cnrran@a demanded the with
drawal OF the United States troops, |
but his demand was ignored. Tho
punitive expedition attacked IL bandit
stronghold on August II. killing four,
men. hut on August 81 the pursuit was
abandoned and the troops returned tOl
the United States
The relations between Mexico and
The United States reached crisis OH |,
November 10 when Secretary OF State;
Lansing dispatched n note demanding
the Immediate unconditional reielsoI
Of Wtllian q. Jenkins. United States
consular agent 1T puebla. who had
been arrested on charges of compile
ity with bandits who kidnapped him
and held him for $15O.OOO ransom. A.
few days later Jenkins was released
on bail. but this did not rrii"vc the
Strained relations
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1920-01-16
socialists seized control Of the govern

socialists seized control Of the govern
ment.
The situation in Ireland where the
Sim Fem continued its efforts to cs-
tablish republic grew more serious
as the year advanced. Repeated dis
orders occurred and on September 1.
Eisc0unt French. lieutenant governor
OF, ireland. prohibited further meetings
of the so-cniled Irish parliament. MANY
arrests were made by the military.
The fightin. in Russia had continued
without dccided advantage to amy
group until Oh October - the force
commanded by General Yudcuitch all
Tancing against the bolShev;St:..
reached point within fifteen miles of
Pctrograd.
While other problems growing out Of
the war were being settled. the lueS-
ton OF the disposal of Fiume continued
to cause trouble. On September 10
Gabrielle d'Annunzio. the Italian SOL
dier.poet. entered Fiune ut the head
o: several Thousand soldiers ana tool;
control OF the port in defiance OF TIE
Haiinn and allied military authorities
On September 10 the representative
OF the great powers handed Il peace
treaty TO Bulgaria. Under this treaty
western Thrace was taken from Bull
garia. her army WAS reduced to GOOD.
ana she was required ~ pay Si4I.0CO.-
OOO as repnration for dalnascS done by
her armies.
Rcrcrses for all Of the forces OPP
posing the bolsheviki were reported in
November. On the 10th General Yu-
denitch was forced TO retreat to the
Esthonian border aud resigned COM
mand Of the Russian northwest army.
On the same day it was reported that
the bolshetiki had captured Omsk. the
seat of the Kolchak government. Dan
nunzio created still more serious sit
uation for Italy when he seized lara,
Dalmatia on November IL
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1920-01-16

'"''"hS ana by many Of the
s'"a'!or nations that had been engaged
IN the war agains, Germany.
Foreign Affairs.
While the treaty was being ne-otl-
ated conditions remained very I'm.
Se'tied not only In the territory which
had been included in the four defeated
nations but throughout Europe. Rus:
STA continued in state Of turmoil
throughout the year. Although the
bolshevist government under the direc-
ZION of Lenln and Trotzky maintained
IT'S control over a large part of the
FORMER empire II was hemmed I'm on
all sides by opposing groups which
attacked IT with varying SUCCESS. The
newly constituted nation Of Poland
was heSct for time on all sides hui
t. TOO, succeeded In weathering the
storm and had established a stable
government before many months had
passed.
faiinre 20 reach settlement of the
Fiume question continually threatened
an armed conflict between the Italians
and the new Juso-Slav state. Serious
conditions existed In Hungary both be-
cause OF internal disorders and be-
cause OF clashes with Roumaaia and
with the new Czech government.
III Germany split among the Ger
man socialist leaders resulted on Janu-s
nry Z in serious street fighting. The
government was seriously threatened,
but on January 9 IT'S troops In Berlin
we're REINFORCED and regained control
OF the situation. On January 10 DR..
Carl Liebknecht, leader OF the Spar
tacans. or antiSorcrnment faction, was
killed while attempting to escape after
arrest In Berlin. His companion. Rosu
Luxembourg. long known as radical
leader both In Germany and Russia.
was killed by mob. Disorders In
Germany were suppressed and on Jan
unry 10 the people elected q national
assembly. the majority socialists led
by Chancellor Ebert retaining control.
The assembly me: Wciruur on Junu-
airy and on February II elected
Chancellor Ebert as first president Of
the German republic. after adopting IL
provisional constitution. in Poland
opposing factions reached an agree
ment on January II whereby Ignace
ian Paderewski became nrcm;er with
Generol pi,sudski ne foreIpn minister
and NJ Demosk; nc Drcsidept
Opposition to Japanese control had
bcon dovolon,ng ro,,idIy {, ISoron and
an March 70 Korean notion,I;sts 10,
suod dec,orot,on ne indonnpdorca
DECLARING thnmselv.s re.dv tn "fqht n
Tho last flron of bIood" Sorious disor.
ders olso yere renortod in I.rvot in
-support Of the nationalist demand for
outoromv and on March o. t,,a Prit.
;sh secretary for war, Mr.. Churchill
admitted that tbe whole Of Ecvpt was
virtually I'm q state of insurrcctiop.
On March 1G n new Gcr,nono-Austrinn
government was established ot vionro
with Doctor Rcnncr rs cho,rollnr
Count Karolyi had been made nrrsI.
dent OF the new Hungarian rcprbllc on
Jonuory II. bur on March % he was
forced to resign ANA there was conSti.
tntcd q new government which pro.
claimed dictatorship Of the probe
Greenbrier independent. [volume] (Lewisburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1859-1980, 1920-01-16
Mexico and the United States.

Conditions in Mexico continued TO
provide pcrpleSing problem for the
United States government during the
year 1919.
A report on July 6 that armed Mex
leans had attacked and robbed q boat
load OF American sailors near Tam
pico caused bitter feeling and on Au-
gust II this was intensified by the cnp-
ture Of two United States army avla.
tors by bandits, who held them for
$4,000 ransom. The ransom was paid
by the United States government on
August 10. and u troop Of cavalry, &C.
The Washington times., 1920-05-02
GASOLINE SUPPLY MAY
RUN SHORT THIS YEAR

Although production OF gasoline
will be increased this year through
new processes the increased use OF
motor cars makes IL questionable
whether there will be a sufficien sup
ply. according to a statement issued
today by r. G.. Cottrell. acting director
,f the Bureau OF Mines.
with the approach Of the summer
season "the gasoline supply will be
tight, If indeed 1t does not become
short" Cottrelrs statement declared.
The Washington times., 1920-05-02
Hairy Growths Vanish
Before Your Very Eyes
New method Bani.hes supcrfluous Hair

The new way TO remove superhuous hair
the phelactine ways rapidly suppressed.
ing the old fashioned depiistory methods,
~ well as electricity. razor and tWs-sers.
And no wondcri Here IL product so
harmless n child could safely eat it--so
non-irritat,ng and odorless II is altogether
pleasant TO usc-and the proccsH Is so quick
acting that II actually removes the hairs
entire, In just few seconds
You will surely have the surprise Of your
life n you obtain stick ~ nhelsctine
from your druGgist and follow the simple
@0ructhens yhsch accompany "
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
NOTICE TO ELECTORS TO
REGISTER

This is a general registration year
Every person living in the city of
Newark, who desires to vote at the
general election November 2, 1920
MUST REGISTER. 1t makes no diff
gistered Or not, the law requires that
you must register for this election
or you positively can not vote. Every
elector in the city of Newark must re-
gister anew every presidential election
To be qualified to register, you
must be 21 years of age and be an
American citizen. Women now have
equal rights with men and the same
rule will apply to them as applies to
men as to registration.
The days fixed by law for registra-
tion are as follows:
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 80, 1920.
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1920.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER Is, 1920.
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1920.
THE HOURS ARE FROM 8 A. M.
TO 2 P. NJ, AND FROM 4 P. M. TO
9 P. NJ, Central Standard time.
On the above named days the regis
trars will be at the various voting
places in each precinct for the purpose
of registering those persons who pre-
sent themselves and qualify.
WOMEN ARE REQUESTED TO
REGISTER, IF POSSIBLE, ON THE
FIRST DAY NAMED ABOVE, SETT.
80, BETWEEN THE HOURS OF
A. M. to II A. M. and from / P. M.
to P NJ and from A P. M to 5 P M.
This is to prevent the congestion of
the various booths and afford the
women the opportunity of being in
structed by the registrars as to re-
gistration and voting as ordinarily
this time is a light period of registra-
ton. This will also give the Board
of Elections some idea as to the in
crease there will be in the vote caused
by woman suffrage and an opportu-
nifty to provide extra accommodations
if found necessary.
By order of the Board of Elections.
2t B. o. HORTON, Clerk.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01

matters of importance to the Assem-
bly, and of general interest to organ
lied labor. A partial report from the
Labor Day Committee shows that
this years celebration was complete
success. A full report will be made
at our next meeting.
Some delegates to the Assembly do
not attend our meeting as regularly
as they should. This is an important
duty and should not be neglected. If
a delegate from local cannot or will
not attend, his place should be filled
by someone who has a sufficient in
terest in organized labor to devote a
few hours each month towards fur
thering the cause. Wake up brothers,
and be on hand at every meeting.
Gottlieb Zinn, Secretary.
The Leader for your job printing
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
SOngbird Pleases Big Audience

The singing of Frank Strear, New
ark's celebrated "Songbird," accom-
panied by George M. Fenberg at the
piano, was the piece de resistance at
the big Republican meeting Monday
night. Mr.. Strear's voice was never
in better condition and he favored his
audience with two selections, con
Miami's Shore" and "Suanee" Frank,
who for a long time was one of the
crack blacksmiths at the B. & o.
shops, is now with Lock Burke's
military band of Columbus, and is
fast gaining an enviable reputation as
a vocalist. During the week of Oct.
II he will sing under the auspices of
the Columbus Driving Association at
the Grove City races.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
Daylight Robbery

A man was seen entering the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. John Batch, 209
Hoover street, Wednesday by one
of the neighbors and later was noticed
to leave by the front door. Suspect
ing something wrong the police were
notified and Mrs. Batch telephoned to.
The officers arrived too late to arrest
the burglar, who it was discovered
later had stolen jewelry to the value
of about $100.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
TRADES AND LABOR ASSEMBLY

The regular meeting of Newark
Trades and Labor Assembly was
called to order at the regular hour
Sunday morning by E. H. Franklin,
vice president.
The reading of the minutes was
dispensed with and routine business
taken up.
A number of important communica-
tions were read and the necessary
action taken thereon.
The various committees reported on
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
News from Our Locals

Secretaries and business represen-
tatives of the various labor organ
izations are requested to furnish
weekly The Leader with the news
from their respective organizations.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01

WANTED. - 10000 people with
corns, callouses, eczema or sores to
buy a box of Honey Bee Ointment
R. w. Smith, Druggist; Mcdonnell &
Son, Shoes; Stephan Shoe Store. St
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
Home For the Winter

Leland Korb, time-keeper for the
Federal Asphalt Co., has returned to
Newark. The company ceased opera
tions for the season upon the compile
ton of a job at Hamilton, and will not
resume work until next March, when
Mr.. Korb will resume his old position.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
Taking Vacation

Otis Riggs, treasurer of Musicians
Union No. 1872, is enjoying a ten day
vacation in New York, Philadelphia
and other eastern cities.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
EniOying Auto Trip

Mr.. and Mrs. T. E. Adams, of the
Granville road, left Monday for an
extended automobile trip through
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
Visiting in Pittsburg

Miss Ethel Buckingham, 19 South
Buena Vista street, is visiting rela-
tives in Pittsburg. ~
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
Operated For Appendicitis

Michael Schenk was operated upon
for appendicitis at the private hos
pital Wednesday afternoon by DR..
Baldwin of Columbus.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
{. E. BECKMANN'S
CASH AND CARRY GROCERY
1O4 South Second Street

Best fine cane granulated sugar,
4O lU0s .C4
Good bulk coffee, lb.......................25 .25c
All scrap tobacco, 8 pkgs. 25c
Fine toilet soap, 10 cakes. 49c
10 cakes fine laundry soap p........... .49c
Large can salmon .13c
Buy one can Heekins Baking Powder
for 10c, get one 10c can free.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1920-10-01
Town Topics
Guest From Columbus

Miss Mary Martin of Columbus, is
spending her vacation with Miss
Bertha Doomy of 80 Fulton avenue.
The spectator., 1920-08-03
Important to all Women
 Readers of this Paper

Thousands upon thousands of women have kidney or bladder trouble and never suspect 1t.
 Nomen's complaints often prove to be nothing else but kidney trouble or the result of kidney or bladder disease.
 If the kidneys are not in a healthy con- dition, they may cause the other organs to become diseased
 You may suffer pain in the back, head ache and loss of ambition.
 Poor health makes you nervous irrita- ble and may be despopAent it makes any one so.
 But hundreds of women claim that Dr kilmer's Swamp-Root, by restoring health to the kidneys, proved to be just the remedy needed to overcome such conditions.
 Many send for sample bottle to see what Swamp-Root, the great kidney, liver and bladder medicine, will do for them. By enclosing ten cents to Dr. kilmer & Co.,. Binghamton. N. Y.. you may receive sample size bottle by Parcel Post. You can purchase medium and large size bottles at all drug stores.-Adv.
The spectator., 1920-08-03
PRESIDENT ASKED TO ACT
WILSON'S AID SOUGHT IN STRIKE
 OF MINES.
Union Official Declares Men Are Nov Beyond Control in the
 Illinois Field.

Washington Illinois coal operators appealed to President Wilson to take some action to check the strike of laborers employed at their mines.
 In a memorandum left at the White House for the Presidents considera- tion the operators express the fear that the strike might spread from Illinois throughout :he central competitive field, stopping bituminous coal produc- tion in Indiana, Ohio and Western Pennsylvania us well as In Illinois.
 No course of action was suggested by the operators who asked "guid- ance as to the method" for dealing with the demands of the men for a wage advance of g. day
 The operators memorandum ex- plained they felt bound not To depart except through some governmental action" from the existing contract with the men, based on the wage scale fixed by the government commission named to settle the coal strike last fall.
 While here the operators commit tee received reports from Illinois which they said showed that half the mines in the state are idle. causing a loss in production of 250,0Oo tons daily, or two-thirds of the states normal out put.
 Copies of letters, signed ny state and local officers uf the union, were included in the operators memoran- dunn. One letter bearing the names of Frank Harrington, Harry EiShwick and Walter NeSbit, union officials in Illi- nois. declared we. are determined, in1unctions and indictments notwith- standing" to use every power and in- huence at our command" to get in- ereases for the laborers. Lahorers or shift men who are on strike comprise about one-fourth of the mine workers, but without them the operators say they cannot operate the mines. Their wages at present range from S4.36 to S1,5a day.
The spectator., 1920-08-03
GRANT APPOINTED
 NEW SCHOOL ACT.
tS APPogNTED STATE AGENT FOR RURAL. SCHOOLS IT IS
 ANNOUNCED.
TAXES POSITION AUGUST 1
At Present Mr. Grant Is Connected With the University Of Arkan- sas nf Which He Is d
 Graduate.

Little Rock. Ark. - J. R. Grant of Fayetteville, who has been for sever al years director of the training school of the University of Arkansas. has been appointed state agent of rural schools. division of the State De. partment of Education. to succeed the late w F. Laseter. according to an announcement made by J. l.. Bond, state superintendent of public instruction. MT. Grant will take his new position, August 1.
 At present MT. Grant is connected with the University of Arkansas. of which he is graduate. He is also a graduate of the Illinois State Nor mal school, and holds degree from the University of Chicago. He has also completed several courses at Teachers College. Columbia Univer- sity. He was born and reared in Ar kansas, where he has taught many years, and has made an especial study of rural school administration.
 In speaking of the appointment of Nr. Grant, State Superintendent Bond said: "The position of the rural school agent. so ably and efficiently filled by MT. Laseter for several years, Is at this time a peculiarly important po- sition, in view of the passage by the last legislature of measures affecting the rural schools. MT. Grant is. l feel. especially qualified for the posi- ton, as he has fitted himself by long years of study for rural school ad- ministration work.
 Having finished his course at the university, he continued his study and work along rural lines as oppor- tunity offered. He taught 10 years In the rural schools and has been prin- cipal and superintendent of village and small town schools. Since 1912 MT. Grant has been in charge of the training of teachers at the state uni versity. He is we'll fitted for the pc sition by experience, training and study. and brings to his work that ex- perience and special preparation which is so essential part of this importantp hase of state education"