Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1920-11-07
Answers 10 Last Weeks Questions.

| l. During the cold season extra
precautions must be taken to insure
proper functioning of all parts of the
car. An important part to consider
| is the storage battery. If allowed to
become discharged the electrolite
within will freeze at point consid-
erabiy above zero, if three-fourths
discharged it will freeze at zero,
while fully charged battery will
withstand temperature some nun
dred degrees below--zero. The bat
terry should never be more than one
fourth discharged. hydrometer read
ing of about $50
The cooling system requires per
haps the most attention. because in
addition to the using of non-freezing
solution mixed with the water, eVapo-
| ration of both water and solution
must be replaced occasionally. A
mixture of about 60 per cent water
and 40 of denatured alcohol will not
! freeze at any temperature above zero.
| For a temperature below zero use
| half-and-half mixture. For replacing
| evaporation a three-part alcohol TO
one-part water mixture is advised
Alcohol will evaporate faster than
water. Wood alcohol may be used
/ but is less efficient, as it has a boiling
| point 10 degrees lower. Glycerin may
also he used, a smaller amount is re-
QulTeu, anu II uoeS uOt hut
! it is very expensive. Flush the sys-
tenn thoroughly before filing for the
winter. A lighter oil can usually be
| carried in the crankCase in cold
wea Their. With it's use the engine Will
timber up more easily. will start
easier and bearings may receive bet
ter fabrication than with heavy oil.
Use a good grade of oil always.
When examining the gauge to ascer-
tain the oil level always wait until
the engine has been warmed by oper-
ation as congealing may cause faulty
registering of the amount being car
ried. AS a rule. cold weather demands
a trif1e more gas be added to the car
buretor mixture and a little less air.
For starting cold engine. printing or
manipulation of the choke may be
necessary. A gradual closing of this
choke as the engine warns will soon
bring the mixture to its running con-
dition. Lack of attention will result
in poor service derived from the car
in winter. Inconvenience to the driver
and possibly large repair bills.
2. To remove rear wheel which
fits tightly to tapering axle the
usual procedure is to use wheel
puller. However, if none is Access
sible, unscrew the castellated lock nut
and replace it on the axle with the
castellated end facing the wheel and
with outer end flush with axle end.
Tap the end of axle and nut with
hammer and the wheel will loosen.
The nut is run on the axle backward
to prevent the castellated end from
being damaged with the hammer, also
the axle is protected by having the
nut flush with it's end. When re-
placing the wheel be sure to tighten
the nut securely, as any play between
axle and wheel hub will wear the Key
and keyway which lock the wheel to
the axle. This is dangerous to wheel
and axle-and, incidentally, to the car
and passengers.
g. Do not use water filled with
lime or chalky substance for the
cooling system, as foreign deposits
will form on the inner surfaces. Rain
water, when obtainable, is best. AL
though it is seldom done. the water
should be filtered before using.
4. The word chassis pertaining
to the power plant. frame and all
working parts of the car mounted,
is pronounced "shas-see." 1t is de-
rived from the French, and originally
meant metal or wood framework. 1t
applied to a horse-drawn wagon.
then locomotive and finally to an
automobile.
S. Before filling an entirely empty
radiator with water, be sure to open
the outlet. or petcock, at the water
pump of the forced circulation sys-
tenn and the outlet at the bottom
of the radiator with the thermo-
syphon system. Then pour in water.
When it flows from the outlet close
the petcock and fill the radiator. This
allows the air within to escape and