New-York tribune., 1919-01-18

OF justice and to provide means for
adjusting such disputes as may arise.
But 1t should be recognized that the
occasions FOR strife have not been re
proved as result Of the war, but may
nave been multiplied.
Again. governments heret otore stable
nave been overthrown. and vast popu-
lauons IN Russia and IN what was for
merry the Central Powers are unrepre-
Sented by governments with which
other nations can deal with complete
assurance. international agreements
Il present, so far as the beligerent
powers are concerned. viii depend for
their potency and promise upon the
sanction tNat the Allies give them. A
similar difficulty is pre sented as TO in
,ernational courts. Would Great Brit
ain or the United States CT France or
Italy be willing TO submit serious
controversy involving grave national
interests. to the abitrament of body
IN WHICH Germans or Austrians or rep
lesentatives Of certain neutral powers
might possibly turn the scale? And
yet, recoenizine the dlficulty it would
ic unfortunate if We could not at least
make q start in providing the machinery
Of judicial determination and of con-
ciliation. The present relations of the
Allies. sharing the victory won by their
united effort. furnish q basis for future
cooperation. and this is an opportunity
which it would be folly to neglect
However. it is Just as important to
Aote the LIMITATIONS of the proposed en-
,crprise rs to make q start There is
no possible gain in creating the i'm
preston that we are ready TO assume
rcSpons iDli,lies which m Fact Will not
he assumed.
Must Have Law and Order
1--WE shall make no progress unless
we have law and'order and respect for
the methods OF reason. With this N
mind we should make swift work in
repressiug all incitement to anarchy.
But we should discriminate clearly be
tween those whose aim is disorder
and the overthrow OF government and
those who seek in an orderly way or
by appeals to reason TO spread eco
nomic views. with Wnich we may dis
agree. Democracy cannot last with
cut freedom of discussion. and there
is safety. as we'll as privilege, IN the
open forum. If we safeguard edlca-
uonal opportunity we may dismiss the
dangers of false doctrines. But what.
ever our beliefs may be. a stable So
clety and orderly processes are the
essential conditions Of progress; and
especially at this time, Americans Of
every political faith should make com
mon cause against the mad assaults
upon our free institutions of those
VINO even now are plotting anarchy
and ruin
Referring to "the tendency to
hureaucracy.' Mr. Hughes said:
The war has greatly increased GER
tain tendencies, already we'll marked
The Legislature. more and more seeks
to IA, l.. u
tions of power. The necessity for
limited delegation of authority is ap-
parent. To deny the practical exer-
clse of legislative power is to deny
10 all intents and purposes the power
itself, and legislation can adjust itself
to host of pressing needs only
through prescribed delegations But.
TO constantly increasing extent. del
egation becomes a convenient means
Of compromising. an instrument Of
leeis lative evasion, and an occasio ION
for the exercise of power that is
virtually lrres ponsibie.
I'm increasing measure, we are
ruled not by Congress or by the ex-
ecutive. not by state legislatures or
Governors, but by departmental Of
hclals, whose personal will. whose
favor or disfavor. measures for prac-
teal purposes the rights Of American
cltlzens. This condition is aggravated
by the constant and necessary practice
OF giving to administrative order the
sanction of the penal law. Disobedi-
ence to the bureaucrat is a crime. and
The citizen prefers to obey rather
han 10 chance the disgrace of indict-
ment. For him due process OF law IS
largely an unreality. for reputation is
too dear to enable him to risk the dis
pleasure of a bureau chief. or even
of subordinate. who can enforce his
VIII by threat of a criminal charge"
Discusses International Law
Mr.. Hill spoke on "The Authority
Of international Law He said:
submit that there is no question
before the delegates of the powers now
assembled in Paris to conclude world
peace that compares in import and con-
sequence to mankind with the issue.
What in the future is to be the au-
thority OF international law - To what
END are new geographic boundaries 80
be drawn on the map Of Europe and
Of the world, oppressed nations to be
endowed with a right OF self -determi-
nation which needs to be guaranteed
by others, territories restored to their
rightful national connection by treaty
or peace and partial reparation made
for reparable damages inflicted. if in
ternational law is to be left without
permanent defence.
IF we are to build wisely VIC shall
build on the foundations of tested
knowledge and experience We shall
put no trust in any scrap Of paper
no matter with what pious phraseology
1T may be inscribed, except in so far
AZ we know that there are both
strength and character behind it. We
went INTO this war free people. Let
us come out Of it free people. Men
talk glibly Of world federation. What
does 1t mean? 1t means, if it signifies
anything. that this nation, with other
nations. is to place itself under some
A'nd Of central authority with power
20 raise and expend taxes, to organize
and command armies. to regulate the
trade and commerce of the world and
upon occasion to declare war-powers
which, under our National Constitution
The most far seeing document Of gov
ernment ever written by the hand Of
man are placed solely in the control
81 the responsible representatives Of
the people Of the United States'
Sees Sea Power as Solution
Mr. Hill declared that he looked for
the prevention Of future wars "chiefiv
m the command of the sea Z"
Il do not rest my faith on the free
dom Of the sea-" he said 1--WE have
seen what that may mcan--but on the
law OF the sea; and that law should
be simply the princi pie set up in oppo-
si,ion TO the unlimited right Of war
for which tho Eu+cpto H.,