Evening star., 1919-05-08

nant of the league of nations con-
stitutes section l of the peace treaty
| which places upon the league many
specific in addition to it's general
duties. 1t may question Germany
at any time for a violation Of the
neutralized zone east of the Rhine
as a threat against the worlds peace
1t will appoint three of the five men,
bers of the Saar commission. oversee
it's regime, and carry out the plepl-
Scite.
1t will appoint the high commits
sioner of Danzig. guarantee the lnde-
pendence of the free city and arrange
for treaties between Danzig and Ger
many and Poland. 1t will work OUT
the mandatory system to be applied
to the former German colonies and act
as a final court in part OF the pleo-
iscite of the Belgian German iron.
tier, and in disputes as to the klel
canal. and decide certain of the eco
nomic and financial problems. An in
ternational conference on labor is to
be held in October under it's direction,
and another on the international con-
troll of ports, waterways and railways
is foreshadowed.
Membership.-The members of its
league will be the signatories of the
covenant and other states invited to
accede. who must lodge a declaration
of accession without reservation with
in two months. A new state. domln-
ion or colony may be admitted. pro-
vided it's admission is agreed by two
thirds of the assembly. A state may
withdraw upon giving two years no.
tice if it has fulfilled all its interna-
tional obligations
Organization of League.
Secretariat-A permanent Secre-
tariat will be established at the seat
of the league which will be at Geneva
Assembly-The assembly will con-
sist of representatives of the member
of the league. and will meet at stated
intervals. Voting will be by states.
Each member will have one vote and
not more than three representatives.
Council.--The council will consist OF
representatives of the principal great
allied powers. together with representa-
tives Of four members selected BY the
assembly from time to time; 1t may CO.
operate with additional states and
will meet at least once year. Mem
bers not represented will be invited to
send a representative when questions
affecting their interests are discussed.
Voting will be by states. Each state
will have one vote and not more than
one representative. Decision taken by
the assembly and council must be
unanimous except in regard 10 pro,
cedure. and in certain cases Specined
in the covenant and in the treaty,
where decisions will be by majority.
Armaments to Be Reduced.
Armaments.-The council will form
uIate plans for a reduction of arma-
ments for consideration and adoption.
These plans will be revised every ten
years Once they are adopted, no
member must exceed the armaments
text without the concurrence OF the
council. All members will exchange
full information as to ornaments and
sion will advise the council on mill
tary and naval questions.
Preventing Of War.-Opon any war.
or threat of war, the council will meet
to consider what common action shall
be taken. Members are pledged to
submit matters of dispute to arbitra-
tion OR inquiry and not to resort to
award. Members agree to carry out
an arbitral award, and not to go to
war with any party to the dispute
which complies with it.
If a member fails to carry out
the award, the council will propose
the necessary measures. The council
will formulate plans for the establish
ment of a permanent court Of inter-
national justice to determine interna-
tional disputes or to give advisory
opinions. Members who do not submit
their case to arbitration must accept
the jurisdiction of the assembly.
If the council, less the parties to the
dispute, is unanimously agreed upon
the rights of it the members agree
that they will not go to war with any
party to the dispute. which complies
with sits recommendations. In this
hx,$ =.
bly, concurred in by all it's members
on the council and sim
pie majority Of the rest. less the par
ties to the dispute. will have the force
of a unanimous recommendation by
the council.
In either case. If the necessary
agreement cannot be secured, the
such steps as may be necessary for
the maintenance Of fight and justice.
Members resorting to war in disre-
gard of the covenant will Immediately
be debarred from all intercourse with
other members. The council will in
such cases consider what military or
naval action can be taken by the
league collectively for the protection
of the covenants and will AFFORD ia
cilities to members cooperating in
this enterprise.
Validity of Treaties.-All treaties or
international engagements concluded
after the institution of the league
will be registered with the secretariat
and published. The assembly may
from time to time advise members to
reconsider treaties which have be-
come inapplicable or involve danger
of peace. The covenant abrogates all
obligations between members incon>
sistent with it's terms, but nothing in
1t shall affect the validity of interna-
tional engagements such as treaties
of arbitration or regional understand
ings like the Monroe doctrine for Sc
curing the maintenance Of peace.
The Mandatory System.-The tute-
by themselves will be intrusted to
advanced nations who are best fitted
to undertake it. The covenant recog-
nizes three different stages of devel-
opment requiring different kinds of
mandatories: (A Communities like
those belonging to the Turkish empire.
which can be Professionally recognized
assistance from a mandatory in whose
selection they would be allowed a
voice. (b) Communities like those of
Central Africa, to be administered by
the mandatory under conditions gen.
orally approved by the members of
for trade will be allowed to all mem
bers Certain abuses. such as trade in
slaves. arms and liquor. will be pro-
hibited, and the construction of mill
tary and naval bases and the intro
duction Of compulsory military train
ing will be disallowed. (c) Other COM
munities. such as southwest Africa
and South Pacific islands, but admin
istered under the laws of the man
datory as integral portions of it's ter
ritory. In every case the mandatory
will render an annual report. and the
degree of it's authority will be de-
fined.
General International Provisions
Subject to and in accordance with the
provisions of international conven-
tions existing or hereafter to be