davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-10-04

moved to her home on South Thir-
teenth street after undergoing seri-
Gus operation at Reid Memorial hos
pttal.
Mrs. Howard Reid of New York city
Is visiting relatives and friends here.
Mrs. Reid was formerly Miss Sarah
Arlington Of this city.
AS a courtesy to Mrs. Francis Glass,
recent bride, Miss Mae Appleton
will entertain informally Monday eve
ming at her home on North Ninth
street. Girls of the Wedoso club will
give a dinner Thursday evening, COM
plimenting Mrs. Glass who is a mem
Der of the club.
Complimenting Miss Rosetta Sud-
hoff who is to be married next week
to Roy Schneider, a miscellaneous
shower was given last evening by Mrs.
William Schneider and Mrs. George
Ravens at the home Of the former IN
South Eighth street. Pink and white
decorations were used throughout the
house. The gifts were presented 70
the bride-elect by Masters Ralph and
Carl Krone. A two-course luncheon
was served, covers laid for Miss Eva
Johnson, Miss Rosetta Sudhoff, Miss
Edith Johnson. Miss Mary Dundon,
Mrs. Leslie Williams, Mrs. Ben Kelly,
Mrs. Mary Neff of Eaton, O., Mrs Ed
Sudhoff, Mrs. George Weidner, Mrs
Will Loehr, Mrs. Earl Schneider of
Dayton, O., Mrs. George Brown, Mrs
Welsh Of Eaton, Mrs. Adam Krone,
Mrs. Frank Hirschfield, Miss Corrne
Sudhoff, Mrs. Ed Feltman, Mrs. Char.
les Hirschfield Miss Kate Schneider
. Irs. August Schneider
Mr.. and Mrs. J. H. Cunningham will
give their regular assembly dance
Tuesday evening in Vaughn hall
Music will be furnished by the Mitchell
orchestra.
Members of the Y. NJ I. will give
their opening dance Tuesday evening
in their club rooms. The Evan Smith
orchestra will play.
Mrs Sadie Thompson was hostess
yesterday afternoon for a meeting OF
the Do Your Bit club at her home on
the Middleboro pike. Twelve mem
bers and two guests, Mrs. Mary Town
send and Mrs. Rebecca Albright. were
present. During the business session
it was decided that the club would
serve lunch at the Gaar sale to be held
next Wednesday. The club will Ell
terrain their husbands and families al
a party Oct. II at the school A so
cial hour was enjoyed and luncheon
served by the hostess. The mex,
meeting will be Thursday. Oct. 16 with
Miss Inez Townsend at her home or
the Middleboro pike.
AS a compliment to five pledges, al
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-10-04

The Home department Of the city
Bible schools will meet with Mrs. Ma
rie Hanseman, at her home, 705 North
Tenth street Mrs. F. II. Bartel will
have charge of the devotionals and
Mrs. C. H. Groce will conduct the ad-
vance October lesson. A large ,attend-
ance is desired.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-10-04

Mrs. Howard Reid of New York city
is visiting relatives and friends here.
Mrs. Reid was formerly Miss Sarah
Addington Of this city
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-10-04

THE Penny club will meet Wednes-
day afternoon with Mrs. Martha Reber
at her home, 204 North Fifth street.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-10-04

The Central Aid society of First
Christian church will meet Wednes.
day afternoon at 2:30 o'clock at the
church.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-10-04

The Tirzah aid society will meet
Wednesday afternoon with Mrs. Har
riet Hoggatt at her homo, 504 North
Eighteenth street.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-10-04

Members of the Y. NJ I. will give
their opening dance Tuesday evening
in their club rooms. The Evan Smith
orchestra will play
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

Testing the exhaust valves is a
somewhat more ditfcult problem.
The method Of procedure will de-
pend upon the type Of engine: if the
cylinder head is removable. this
should be removed, or If the valves
are in cages remove these. Port
plugs are provided on some engines
which are located over the valves.
and these can be removed, to permit
the valve 10 be removed. Before the
valve can be removed, il viii be nee
essary 20 remove the valve spring.
To remove the valve spring Will re
quire the use Of "A valve litter or
some other means 10 compress the
spring 50 that the washer and re-
tainer can be withdrawn. Clean
valve after removal. as we'll as the
valve seat. Place a few pencil marks
on the valve at intervals around its
circumference, place IL in position
and accelerate il about a quarter of
a turn with a screwdriver. Remove
valve from cylinder. and if all the
pencil marks have disappeared the
valve is in fair shape, but if some
remain; valve needs grinding.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
Adi.Isfing NnIycs.

After all valves have been proper
~ ground reassemb BILE the engine
This process is the reverse to dis
assembling. and If no valve litter Is
at hand the springs can be com
pressed in a vice and tied with strong
Irvine Then assemble spring 10
valve and replace washer and key
in valve stem The Irvine may now
be cut and the spring will remain
in position. When all the valves
are assembled, it Will be necessary
TO adjust the push rods for IL j:
quite certain that the grinding or
reseating process has caused tho
valves, or at least some Of them,
10 settle lower in their seats. Ad-
iustment for valve clearance should
be done while the engine is warm
never do this while the engine is
cold. and this Will be destroyed af-
ter the engine heats up, due 10 eX-
pansion of metal. Immediately af-
ter valve grinding start the engine.
and even if il does run erratically
for some time, this will suffice to
warm it up. A good plan TO follow
in making push rod adjustments is to
tackle the exhaust valves first. 1t
will be necessary TO have a thick
ness gauge to get the proper clear
ance; however, an ordinary business
card can be used for this purpose.
Slip this between the valve stem
and the adjusting screw on the
push rod. Loosen the lock nut
provided on the adjusting screw
and screw up the latter until the
card just begins TO bind, then lock
the nut securely so the adjusting
screw cannot turn. 1t will be nee
essary TO use two wrenches. as the
screw must be prevented from
turning while the nut is locked. II
the card cannot be inserted in the
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
To Grind NnINns

To begin il will be necessary to
remove all valves, taking care to
mark each valve and cylinder as to
location so that each valve will be
returned TO it's proper seat. The
tools and material necessary consist
Of a screwdriver, or a hand brace
with screwdriver bit. some valve
grinding compound OF powdered
emery and oil, a can of gasoline,
several rags and. If it is possible to
secure one. a small light coiled wire
spring. Put a thin coat OF oil on the
seat and distribute it with the finger.
then dip the finger IN powdered
emery and apply it 10 the seat also.
Grinding compounds put up in paste
form can be purchased from most
any supply house or accessory deal
er. and ghenever possible should be
used, as they are of the right con-
sistency. Replace the valve on its
seat in the cylinder and rotate it
back and forth with screwdriver
or brace and screwdriver bit. The
valve should never be revolved COM
pletely, but should be oscilated /:
never turn il more than half a rev
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
Motor Cars

In four-cycIe motors the inlet and
exhaust OF the charge is entirely con-
trolled BY valves which are operated
by intermediate numbers bearing
against their stems and the cams on
the cam shaft. This shaft is me
chanically connected 20 the crank
shaft By means Of pair Of gears or
a silent chain and sprockets
This cam shaft is so designed that
the rise OF the cam IS brought into
proper operation at the same time.
causing the valve 20 be raised from
us seat and 10 permit a charge 20 en-
ter or escape from the cylinder
This cam only causes the valve 20
raise from it's seat. IN other words
causes the valve 70 open, while the
valve spring performs the function Of
closing IL and holding fl down on it's
seat until the cam again opens the
valve. one valve must open during
each revolution, the valves alternat-
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
NEWS OF THE AUTOMOBILE TNDTTSTRY

OF marking the fly for valve timing
and piston centerS has been uni
versally adopted. In the factory.
as soon as the engine is finished
two marks. Numerically opposite.
are located on the rim OF the fly
wheel. so that when one Is directly
over the center Of the crankshaft
the piston will be at the end OF one
Of its ST 'lles: or in other words
when either OF these marks is on
top the piston will be on one OF its
dead centers. The timing OF the
valves is perhaps best understood
by the illustration presented here
with. which represents one OF tho
Overland m, dels. From the tim
ing dia gram Il can readily be seen
that the intake valve opens when
the fly-wheel center is eight degrees
past the upper dead center and
closes 9S degrees past the bottom
dead center The exhaust valve
opens 80 degrees ahead OF the low
er dead center and closes again Is
degrees past the upper dead center
Thus thu intake valve opens and
closes late. whereas the exhaust
valve opens early and closes late.
The fiy-wheel bears marks show
ing these points as follows; IA
UP means pistons in cylinders l and
are in their uppermost position.
% L P means pistons il. cylinder .
and are in their uppermost posi-
ton. IA 10 means inlet valve of
cylinder l Cor opens. IA
means inlet valve of cylinder ! or
closes. IA EO means exhaust
valve of cylinder 1 or opens. IA
&c means exhaust valve of cylin-
der ! or closes 2-3 10 means
intake of cylinder or 3 opens. 2-3
&c means intake valve Of cylinder
2 or 8 closes. 2-3 EO means ex-
haust valve OF cylinder 2 or opens
2-3 &c means exhaust valve Of
cylinder or 3 closes. The cylin-
ders OF an engine are generally
numbered consecutively, No. ! be
ing next to radiator. In a four
cylinder motor the firing order is
1912. and TO determine whether
the setting Of the valves is correct
proceed as follows: open the prim-
ing cups over the exhaust valves
70 make the turning Of the fly
wheel easier. Turn the fly-wheel
10 the left until the mark IA UP is
in line with the punched guide
mark on cylinder No. T. as shown
in the right hand view of the illus
tration. Now pistons l and 4 are
at their highest points in the cylin-
der, or on the upper dead center.
The mark IA 10 follows the first
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

A push rod is located between the
valve and the cam on the shaft, and
10 Is provided with a suitable bear
ing so its relation with the camshaft
can always be maintained. These
push rods are provided with adjust
able screws. 50 that as little lost mo
ton as is practical may be present
between the valve stem and the cam.
and these are locked in position. All
T-head motors require two cam
shafts. while all others require but
one. as in the latter all valves can be
operated from one side Of the motor.
IU-htting valves mean high gasoline
consumption and low power output.
u your motor is losing power. look
20 the condition of the valves. for
their seats may he warped Or covered
with carbon, so that the cylinder
cannot hold compression. If the en-
sine bacicfres. they may be so timed
as TO open too early, and II the en-
CINE is sluggish and overheats. they
open too late The is often the case
after they have been ground a num-
Der Of times. because they are low
cred IN their seats due 10 the grind
iug and in making adjustments the
clearance IS too great. SO that the
valves open too late. causing the en-
cine TO lose its snappy action. Too
great a clearance VIII also make the
valves very noisy. Weak valve
springs. which have become weak
eucd due 10 the loss OF temper Of the
wire also viii cause sluggish action,
as they cannot hold the valve to its
seat.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

oluuon at a time and occasionally
LIT IT from its seat and shift it 20 a
new position. A pressure Of about
three pounds is sufficient, and If a
coiled wire spring IS inserted on the
valve the various positions can De
had by simply releasing the pressure
momentarily. The shifting OF the
valve Will prevent the cutting %
rings or grooves in the seat. The
first grinding operation should be
done with the course compound or
emery, and the finish should be done
with the finer grade.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

back lively the seating is perfect;
if not. more grinding is needed. or
the stem may be bent. If the stem
is bent, it can be Strengthened in a
lathe or vice. but unless one is
thoroughly familiar with the work
il should not be attempted. 1t will
be by far cheaper 10 have a repair
man do this for you. A valve and
its seat should always be examined
for pit marks, which are little black
sbots. for if these show the valve
will not seat properly. Grinding
must be continued until these are re-
moved. This should be done with
the fine compounds. Frequent ex-
aminations, probably at intervals of
one TO two minutes. will tell one
when the work is done. After each
valve has been ground. remove the
emery paste from every part upon
which it may have become deposit
d. This is very important for if a
very small quantity of this COM
pound were TO work into the cylin-
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
Good Roads

again bringing IA Up 20 the top
and turning the ay-wheel 20 the leu
until the mark - &c appears in
line with the guide. After you
have tested the closing point test
its opening point by turning the fly
wheel until the mark l-4 go comes
20 the top. Then carefully go over
the valves OF the remaining cylin-
ders in the same manner AS a
general rule. a slight variation OF
the Ay-wheel mark % the right or
LEFT OF the guide mark Is permits
sIble but II should not Doe greater
than one-quarter % an inch. ThC
timing gears AZ tho front end or the
motor are marked for mesh %
teeth 70 give proper timing. and u
these have been removed they
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
Valve Timing.

The valves of a motor car engine
must open and close precisely at
the proper moment, otherwise I'M
even working and waste Of power
are inevitable. The points of open
ing and closing are generally de-
signated in degrees, and the method
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

ders or bearings it would cause rapid
and unnecessary wear.
One method of removing this from
one-piece cylinder engines is to pour
about a half tumblerful of gasoline
into each valve chamber and apply
compressed air. If the latter is not
available. a tire pump can be used
TO spray the gasoline. Always finish
by wiping valve and chamber with
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

mark. and turning the dy-wheel 20
left until this mark is in line wi.h
the guide mark on the cylinder the
intake valve OF either cylinder 40
or 4 should begin 10 open. II IL
occurs on No. {. turn the hy-wheel
one complete revolution until the
mark is up again. Now watch or
feel the intake valve stem 10 cylin-
der No. it should just begin e.
lift from its seat.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
Dntecting Weak snrings.

Weak valve SPRINGS can be de-
tectcd while the engine is running by
inserting a screwdrver between "a
pair OF coils and giving it a slight
twist so as to increase the tension of
The spring. If the engine picks up
en- speed IL Is a sure sign that the
spring is weak. The exhaust valve
springs give the most trouble. as
they lose their temper. owing TO the
heat they are subjected to. and when
they become weak they should be
replaced with new ones. or washers
may be placed below them 20 in
crease their tension. Be sure that
this does not prevent them from
opening properly, and do not get too
strong springs II you replace them,
Tor they may close the valves so hard
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
AS Well Done and as
Good a Performer

Close to thousand Essex Sedans are
already in service.
Their owners are advertising it, just as the
touring model was made the most talked of car
Of the season.
The Essex has made its record on every high
way. It's owners know the thrill that comes
with the ability to dominate every acceleration
and driving situation.
Moderate in first cost and upkeep, safety
and comfort in driving and way all its own
in retaining its performance qualities and
rigidity even after the hardest service, &C
count for the opinions you most frequently
hear for the Essex.
The Sedan offers the same advantages il
moderate cost of purchase and operation. It
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
To Determine Closing Point.

To Determine Closing Point.
To determine the closing point OF
this valve, turn the fy-wheeI 70 the
left a little more than one-half rev
olutiOn until the mark IA &c ap-
pears on top. With the fy-wheel
in this position the intake valve
should be closed and at this point
there should be Just enough clear
ance 10 permit inserting the card
previously used in making adjust
ments. Next test the exhaust valve
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

space. loosen adjusting screw and
turn it down, and after inserting
paper proceed as outlined above.
This adjustment must be made for
each exhaust valve, and after these
have been adjusted proceed 70 ad-
Just the intake valves in a like
manner. The clearance may be
made slightly less on the intake
valves, as they are not subjected to
the amount Of heat that the ex-
haust valves are. When all valves
have been adjusted they should be
tested individually with the card
10 see if they remain tightly closed
thrOu ghout their required period.
This is best done by sliding the
card or gauge back and forth as
the motor is being turned slowly
from the closing 10 the opening
points of each valve. The fy-wheel
marks, il accessible. may be used to
advantage for this operation. but
they are not necessary One can
slide the card under the stem and
then turn the motor over until the
card has seized. indicating valve
opening. then a little farther until IL
is free again, which marks the clos
ing Of the valves. Now, by turn
ing still farther and continually
sliding the card, IL should not seize
If it does, the space is insufficient.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
For All Seasons
For City or Touring

You have heard what people say about the
Essex. Now note their remarks about the
Sedan.
There is nothing cheap or small In its APP
pearance. 1t is as dainty as jewel box.
Exclusive and compact in outward design
though it is, owners are pleaSingly surprised
with the roomy space inside those wide open
ing doors. The luxury of it finds truth in
their comparisons with car qualities In the high
priced field.
Reputation Of the Essex touring model
brings confidence with first interest in this
closed model. 1t gratihes every taste and
wins affection by performance and endurance.
1t is as well received as the 10000 Essex
touring models now in service.
We would like you to take ride in the Essex
Sedan. Then if you decide for it, you should
allow some time for delivery. The demand
greatly exceeds production.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
Other Good NIethoods-

The valve may be cleaned at inter
walls and tested with the pencil
marks described above. Another
good method is by dropping the
valve in its seat, and If it bounces
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

Now comes the Essex Sedan to express our
conception of closed car luxury.
The advantages of comfort and simplicity
of the touring model are retained.
The identical chassis with all its performance
qualities is used. The body has the same
bewitching square lines as the touring model.
By its performance and appeal through its
quality the Sedan is winning the same real
praise from motorists as distinguishes the
Essex you know.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

through the hose. II you hear a
Kissing sound, you can rest assured
the intake valves are not seating
tightly. They may need grinding or
they may not be properly adjusted
Backhring in the carburetor is an
other Indication OF this state OF af-
fairs.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
Come Take a Ride
A Fire Passenger Closed Model
of the Car Men Are Proising
In the Essex Sedan

is small de luxe car that is easy to drive
comfortable to ride in and capable of meeting
any operation requirement. And yet It neither
appears, rides nor operates like small car. 1t
has the big, costly car feeling of power and
solidarity that gives it the combined advan-
tages Of both types.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

ing first one and then the other.
From this It can readily be under
stood that the camshaft must revolve
90 one-half OF the crankshaft speed,
thus necessitating a two 10 one re-
duction in the timing gears or
sprOckets.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21
What TO Do with Older Engine.

What To Do With Older Engine.
Some Of the older engines are not
provided with push rod adjust
ments. In this case, when the play
between the push rod and disk is
excessive. il can be taken up by
one or more small disks under the
stem, holding them in place with
a metal retainer made from sheet
metal. The latter will have 10 bend
around the stem of thea valve after
this is in place, unless the push rod
can be removed, when they can be
slipped over the stems from under
meath. The disks can be made
from either fibre or metal In do
ing this one must be careful not TO
eliminate the clearance necessary.
because if this is not provided the
valve may open too early. If the
clearance is too great the valve will
open too late and cause overhead
ing Of the engine.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

as 20 break them. HEAVY springs
also consume power that might be
e put 10 better use and place greater
stresses upon the camshaft To give
the valves the proper care. the first
thing TO consider il 20 properly in
spect and test them. 20 ascertain
their true condition. This. OF course,
wis cali for a certain amount Of dis
UantliuE OF the engine, and while
this takes some time. IL will reward
Won in engine performance IN the
long run. The condition OF the in
take valves can sometimes be de-
termlued through the carburetor.
This is done as follows. Remove hot
- pipe from carbureror and attach
a rubber hose 10 the intake Of the
c<rburetor. and have someone turn
tAs engine over while you listen
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-21

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