davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
'RETURN OF RAILROADS
TO FORMER OWNERS IS
IMPOSSIBLE SAYS CHIEF
Omitted Press Service.)

WASHINGTON, Jan. S.-Before
the Senate Commerce Committee
TODAY. Director General McAdoo de-
clared that return of the railways OF
America to the several hundred
companies formerly in control is
impossible. He asserted that alter
natives to return are government
ownership and control, or recon
struction of the railroad map, elm
mating hundreds of, companies to
substitute in their stead few COM
panies controlled by the general
government.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
ANOTHERSHIPLOAD
US. SOLDIERS ARE.
ON The WAY HOME
Omitted Press Service }

NEW YORK, Jan. 3.-The United
States transport Matsonia has de-
parted from France with units from
the 143d and 144th Field Artillery,
5000 from the former and 1,500
from the latter They were former
ly part of the California National
Guard.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
COMMANDER
BRITISHF0RCE.
.BALT|CISSUES
'UL TIM AT u N
Omitted Press Service.)

COPENHAGEN, Jan. 3.-Accord-
ing to the Tages Zieutung, a Berlin
newspaper, the commander of the
British forces of occupation in the
Baltic provinces of Russia has issued
an ultimatum to the German conf
mander that unless he prevents
further advance of the Bolsheviki
forces the Allies will invade Ger
many.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
EXPRESS RATES ADVANCED
Omitted Press Service.)

WASHINGTON, Jan. s.-The
American Railway Express Company
has been granted, at an informal
nearing by the Interstate Com
merce Commission today, an increase
IN rates upon fruit and vegetables
from states in the Middle South to
states west, including Arizona. wy
oming and Montana.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH
Cavalry Hill.)

Sunday morning service: Bible
Glass at 9:45. Sermon at 7:4S.
Theme "a Heroic Choice"
Mid Week service: Wednesday,
1880 p. m.
Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen
reminds us of the flight of time and
our duty toward our GOD.
"Come thou with US to the Sane
tuary."
Rev. W. J. GORDON, Pastor.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04

Hon. Frank J. Duffy is in recent
OF a very interesting letter from
Reverend Father Van Goetthem
which he has kindly handed THE
OASIS for publication. It will an
pear in the Sunday morning issue
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
AT THE METHODIST CHURCH,
Sunday, Jan. Fifth.

The following Program will be
rendered at the morning service,
which will be held from 10:45 to IL
o'clock.
1. Holy, Holy, Holy, sung by the
congregation standing.
2. Apostles Greed, recited by all
standing.
3. Prayer, concluding with the
Lords Prayer, repeated by all.
A. Song (Seeking The Lost), By
Glee Club of the 25th Inf.
5. Responsive Reading, Psalm Is
6. Vocal Solo, ---.--..-- Selected
Mr.. L. T. Duewson.
7. Lesson from New Testament.
8. Baritone Solo-"A Dream OF
(Contin11nd on Pouo AZ
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
BIG REDUCTION IN
FREIGHT RATES TO
ORIENT PREDICTED
Omitted Press Service.)

WASHINGTON, Jan. 3.-Accord-
ing to Shipping Board Officials a
reduction in trans-Pacific freight
rates is coming very soon. A cut of
forty per cent on rates between
Japan, China and the Pacific Coast
is predicted.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
CZECHS INVADE HUNGARY
Omitted Press Service.)

VIENNA, Jan. s.-Czech troops
have occupied Presvsuag, and it is
believed they are advancing upon
Vienna and BUDAPEST.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
= * * - * * s. y y * * y y y *
= TWENTY-FOUR YEARS AGO i
* 4
y (From THE OASIS Jan. 1880 y


= (From THE OASIS Jan. 1880 :
y The Athletic Club are organ :
= izing a grand Mardi Gras Car J
\ nival to be held in Nogales on :
y February "a, Is, and 26. The !
* general committee of arrange =
= ment includes Capt. L. w. Mix,
= (chairman), Leon Horvilleur, P. !
= J. Zeimet, Cirilo Ramirez, Oscar !
= Gebler, Aurelio Sandoval, R. d. !
= George (secretary.)) !
= ,
= Mr.. Fred Herrera went to !
= Guaymas Monday. He will re-
= turn today.
* /;
= Last Saturday Mr.. Joseph !
= Carbon went over to Arivaca on
= business. He returned Sunday.
*
= In the coming carnival to be
= held here prizes for the bicycle
= race will amount to $100 in
= value.
s.
= Mr.. II. w. Williams, from
= Sonora, gentleman well known
= in Nogales, is at the Montezu-
= ma. =
y
= Mr.. John A. GOwan, mining
= man interested in property near
= Carlo, is visiting Nogales, !
= guest at the MOntezuma.
e = = ** = = = 4 = = = y 4
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
HOOVER SELECTED.
Omitted Press Service.)

PARIS, France, Jan. 3.-It is Of
ficially announced today that Her.
bert Hoover has been designated di-
rector general for relief of people in
neutral restored and enemy terri
tory. I
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
FIELD MARSHAL MACKENSEN
Omitted Press Seryice.)

LONDON, Jan. E3.-According to
a dispatch received by French
authorities, from Budapest, Field
Marshal Mackensen, who was COM
mander of the Austrian-G German
forces in Italy, has arrived at Inns
bruck, where he is to be interned by
Hungarian authorities.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
ENG[ ANDC0N|VlANDS GERMANY TO STOP
BOZ SHEy|k| Advance: ALLIES INTERFERE
Strong Force
Ger17lQnSAre
Mdssi11g To
Check Poles
Omitted Press Seryice.)

AMSTERDAM, Jan. 3.-Berlin re-
ports that Polish forces are advanc-
ing into Germany have occupied
Gnessen, Sichrimm, and Gratz'
Strong German forces are being
rushed from Berlin and Dresden to
the frontier near Posen, and massing
there to meet the Poles.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04

FIRE ISLAND, Jan. 9.-(Later).
Spurred to utmost activity by ap-
preaching blizzard, rescue squads
have worked at their topmost speed
to remove wounded men from the
stranded steamer Northern Pacific.
Some of the more severely wounded
were removed in lifeboats, to which
they were lowered with block and
tackle, four wounded in each boat.
This afternoon it was signalled
that / 900 had been removed, leav-
ing 900 yet aboard.
Many of the most serious cases are
taken to the hospital ship Solace.
Two destroyers loaded with rescue
men have departed for Hoboken.
Others are aboard of thirty relief
ships anchored about the wreck.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
RESCU|NC PARTY
OF HOSPITAL BOAT
ARE RESpURREDONB BY
COMING BLIZZARD
SH|PINHEAvYSAND
Omitted Press Seryice.)

FIRE ISLAND, Jan. s.-Desplte
the rough sea wounded soldiers are
being rescued from the stranded hos
pital steamer Northern Pacific.
HELPLESS wounded are transferred on
stretchers, swung on trolleys to 9TH
er vessels standing by. There are
500 still aboard. The transport Is
sunk in deep sand, and is not
damaged.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
TO RELIEVE CONGESTION.
Omitted Press Service.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 3.-To clear
congestion, partial embargo of grain
shipments through Boston, New
York and Philadelphia has been or
dered by the railroad administration.
Probably it will be lifted within a
week.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04
4
SECRETARY BAKER
ADVOCATES ARMY
100000 FOR QUICK
DISCHARGE THOSE
OF ACTIVESERv|CE
Omitted Press Service.)

WASHINGTON, Jan. S.-Sec-
retary of War Newton D. Baker ad-
vocates temporary volunteer army
of 100000 men to facilitate quick
discharge of those who have seen
service. Today the secretary told
the House Military Committee that a
bill authorizing such an organization
will be submitted to Congress soon.
The daily morning oasis., 1919-01-04

"Little BUSY BODIES. OASIS
WANT ADS.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

skiffs won't do. Neither will Mark
Twain's river boats Neither would
the best of modern equipment in rails
and power and rolling stock if that
were all.
1t isn't all. The real complexities in
the huge transportation problems of
to-day, with freight movements which
must be reckoned with by the million
tons, lie in the business of assembling
tonnage for shipment, in providing ter
mlnals ard terminal facilities at the
centres of collection and means for re-
distribution. Hauling is what you
might call the simple arithmetic of
transportation; those other items make
the higher mathematics. None but the
experts, the real traffic men, the spe-
clalists, know much about this part of
the business; but here the real econ
omles of transp ortation service are
figured out. 1t is in this part of the
service that trained minds are WORKING
out the infinite detail of cost clipping
IN our day trimming down, fraction
OF cent at a time, the cost of moving
a ton of freight from its obscure source
to its remote destination.
In preparing for a great transporta-
ton thoroughfare down the line of the
Mississippi Valley to the Gulf, and in
setting about its building for the needs
of the long future-a future impossible
to be measured in the stad and sober
terms of the industrial life of the past
in any other region of the world-the
foundations are being laid in the pro-
vision of terminals and means for re-
distribution. Every considerable CITY
along the way, ambitious for place in
the new scheme. is doing its hardest
thinking here. Cars or barges. one or
the other or both together. success or
failure, justification or discredit. will
depend upon the security of founda
tons and their fitness for bearing the
huge superstructure.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Grain Corporation
Purchasing Agent

The grain corporation is capital
lied for $150,000,0OO, all government
money, and has the organization of
a commercial body. 1t was formed
in 1917 as a subsidiary of the food
administration, primarily to handle
the wheat crop under the govern
ment guaranteed price. Herbert
Hoover is chairman and Julius
Barnes, of Duluth, whom the Presi-
dent has just named, according to
dispatches from Paris, to handle the
1919 wheat crop, is president and &C
tive head, with Offices in New York
City. The first vice-president, Frank
&. Crowell, of Kansas City, and the.
secretary, Watson S. Moore, of Du-
luth, are stationed at New York also,
while second ce-presidents are in
charge of the fourteen purchasing
zones into which the country has
been divided. Each Of these men
was a large purchaser and exporter
Of cereals and foodstuffs before he
joined the government for war work,
and each separated himself entirely
from his private business for that
work. They are continuing to serve
the grain corporation until it's ores
ent task is finished.
The Grain Corporation will not be
bothered by the size of the business
it has taken over; it is accustomed
10 doing business Oh large scale.
In the year and a half of it's exist
ence, ending on March 81, it's re-
ceipts had been $2,S43, 100000 and
its disbursements S2,755, 100000, a
total business Of $5,69S, 900 900,
making it the biggest corporation bv
far of all in the country. 1t turned
over its stock eighteen times in that
period, an average of twelve times a
year, while the ordinary business
turnover is three times a year.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
New
Aspects

The new aspects of Mississippi River
transportation are no more a continual
ton Of the old steamboating than the
Union Pacific is a continuation. of the
omigrant wagon-train. When We con-
slider the possibilities of the modern
We must chuck the ancient into the
discard.
Early use Of the great river was
nothing more than adventuring. New
Orleans was established as trading
post. Up-rivcr in the vast Wilderness
Of forest and prairie was inexhaustible
treasure Of all manner of raw wealth
TO be gained, not through the building
Of industries, but by adventuring and
the articles of trading The fur
hunters held the centre Of the stage;
they went poking and prying into the
remote places as far as the hcadwaters
OF the Mississippi and Missouri; and
they went by water because there was
no other way. Up-rjver they went
with beads and cotton goods and trim
kets, and down-rvcr they came with
primitive barges piled high with furs
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
The Steamboat
SfrangIed

When the railroads reached the
Mississippi steamboating began to
gasp and strangle. Before long it be-
came plain that it would have to fight
for its life. The towns strung up
and down the river became bitter
rivals in the struggle to have the rail
roads touch the river at this or that
point. Those towns which secured
this boon lived; the others died of
dry rot.
Maybe you've heard of Sumner, Kan.
When John ]. Ingalls, became a
Kansan he went to Sumner to practice
law, shrewdly picking that as the most
promising of the new towns in the
territory. A proud place it was.
passed we'll beyond the rude frontier
state. with brck-lined streets, an
Opera house and many another
mark of civil Importance
But the railroad crossed the Mis-
souri, at Atchison, four or. five miles
up stream, and that was the end Of
Sumner. I saw the site a little while
ago; it's a cornfcld; the plough has
effaced the last sign of it, And the
case of Sumner was exactly the case
of long list of towns equally i'm
portant in the old scheme, then
turned into no Importance whatever.
1t has been argued--it has been the
stock argument Of Jealous champions
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
New Orleans
On the Job

Up-river everywhere you will lind
that spirit in every town which con-
siders the future at all. Vicksburg,
Helena, Memphis, ST. Louis, Kansas
City. Keokuk-every one of them!
When you read, as you have read
within the last few days, that ma
tional waterways convention at Wash.
lngton has formulated plans for sub
mission to Congress involving exc
penditure within the next few days OF
S40O,0OO,000 for channel Improvement
IN the Mississippi and its tributaries
you will grievously wrong your own
Judgment if you take this as colos-
sal piece of pork barrel impudence.
Still more will you defeat your own
understanding if you conceive this as
a resurrection of the dead--an attempt
to restore" a form of river trafic
long ago abandoned for inefficiency.
You must think of it rather as just
a part of an industrial structure al-
together modern. When you approach
the problems of the new day you must
turn your back squarely upon the
past. else you condemn yourself to be
q creature of the past. The Missis-
sippi Valley is not restoring the rusns
of the old; the structure it is building
is brandnew, from sub basement 10
flagpole.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

of the waterway-that the railroads
killed the old boat traffic simply by
a ruthless cutthroat reduction of
rates for that particular purpose, and
that boat freighting has been sup
pressed ever since by the same means.
BY reversal of the argument, some
of these oblique-visioned economists
are urging that the creation of deep
channels and the resumption of boat
lng might now serve to put the greedy
railroads out Of business.
One end OF that proposition is as
foolish as the other. The RAILWAYS
displaced the happy o-lucky old boats
just as any modern and efficient SER
vice is bound to displace an inefficient
survival. The railways gave real SER
vice at less cost than the boat lines
could manage. AS we'll complain on
behalf of the oldtime errand boy that
the telephone ruthlessly crippled his
industry And as we'll argue that the
errand boys temperance under pub
lie favor would dispose of the tele
phone.
Yet freight carriage by water on
the Mississippi and its greater tribu-
tarlcs is coming back. Not doubt
of it. The failure and extinction of
one crude means attempted cannot de-
feat all means, for there is no obscur-
ing the plain fact that transporta-
ton by river may be modernized and
made indispensable in a traffic plan
big enough and intelligent enough to
meet the needs Of the new day.
Not waterway against rail: not rail
road fighting boat, but rail and rivers
knit together into q broad system. co.
operating in a single service whose
aim is efficiency with economy-that
is how the problem stands in the CON
structive minds of the time.
1t is often said, by way of sueges-
ton, that in foreign lands-in Ger
many, for nstanco-waterways have
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

which $4,000 tons of foodstuffs
were diverted to Mediterranean
ports, and the grain corporation,
under authority of the President,
advanced $4,000 tons to northern
ports. The Commission for Relief
in Belgium was already in opera
ton for the relief of Belgium and
northern France, and organizations
were set up for Poland, Serbia,
Rumania and Czecho-Slovakia In.
vestigation STATS were dispatched
in every direction to ascertain exact
conditions.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
United States
Effort Organized

Having thus secured the coordi-
nation of international effort for
food relief, it was necessary to or
ganize the part to be taken by the
United States, from which the great
bulk of the food must go.
The peoples in Europe to whom
this food must go could be divided
into four general groups-the ma
tions who are able tC offer security
acceptable to our Treasury, those
new nations and parts of former
empires which have not such securi-
ties available or accessible, the
enemy nations, and the neutrals
All these required different provi-
sions to enable them to secure relief
supplies.
AS for the first group, our Treas
ury under existing war legislation
was empowered to make advances
to governments actually aligned in
the war against Germany, and un-
der this authority the Treasury,
upon the recommendation of Mr..
Hoover, arranged to provide money
to enable the governments receiv-
ing the advances to buy food in the
United States, as follows: Belgium,
$20,000,000; Rumania, S5,0O0,OOO;
Serbia, S5,0OO,000; Czecho- Slovakia,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
A Great
Charity Agency

In March the American Relief
Administrator had fleet Of sixty
five ships plying on various Euro
pean coasts, carrying food from
main supply depots to other ports
for distribution inland. Mr.. Hoover
also has been given practically full
control, so far as he needs it, over
all the railroads of the former
Austro Hungarian Empire. Rolling
stock and train schedules are his,
and his food trains have priority
over all Others except the military
service. Boundary lines and ma
tionality distinctions are wiped out
so far as his trains are concerned,
by decree of the Supreme War
Council.
Moreover, the American Relief
Administration, outside it's strictly
governmental activities, is aiding all
charity affairs on the part of Amer
cans for the relief of the European
populations, and even carrying on
such enterprises itself directly.
Mr.. Hoover has cabled repeatedly
OF the extreme need for immediate
help through outright charity to
supplement the government relief
work, particularly for the children
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

+ and hides borne by the current. A
long round trip would take months.
By and by other trading posts we're
fixed upon the river banks-at St.
Louis; at the mouth of the Kaw; at
Plattsmouth; at Bellevue and Council
Bluffs; up the Missouri to Montana
and up the Mississippi to Minnesota.
Save for a few scattered outposts
overland routes were undreamed of.
The Indians we're doing most of the
hunting. taking the skins to the river
posts; French and Spaniards and Por-
tuguese and odds and ends of white folk
gathered the spols at the posts and
carried them away.
The chains of trading posts grew
and thrived. That growth and thrift
meant traffic of some sort in other
things besides furs-white mems traf
fic. 1t was carried on altogether by
boat There was no other possible
means. And there was nobody to
reckon with the arithmetic of trans
portation costs. No matter how crude.
no matter how expensive, the service
lad to be rendered IN just that fashion.
And after the trading days, when
the first slipshod work of the farmers
began along the rivers, the transporta-
ton scheme remained virtually un-
changed. True, steam took the place
of the bargeman's oars; true, the car
go boats were carrying cotton bales
instead of raw skins, but in point of
real organization and efficiency. in the
speech and understanding of to-day,
the traffic was still utterly hit-or-miss.
laundering, chaotic. The fact that the
river bore many boats did not give the
quality Of soundncss to what they were
doing. 1t is the grosscst stretching of
the meaning OF words to say that there
was anything like system. Open your
imagination and you may hear a cho-
rus Of old-timc Mississippi River
steamboats, justifying themselves with
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

| relief work in Serbia and Jugo-
Slavia. The New York Office i'm
mediately cabled to Mr.. Hoover in
Paris that this amount was avail
able for his use, and at once sup
plies to that amount were dis
patched from the nearest supply
depots to the points where they were
most pressingly needed.
For the administration of relief
work in Jugo-Slavia, Mr.. Hoover
has divided the whole region into
SIX districts, each with a subsidiary
distributing station, with local COM
mittees in immediate charge of the
work under the supervision of
agents of the American Relief Adj
ministration. By this means Mr..
Hoover is kept constantly informed
Of the situation in detail, and is as
sured Of effective distribution of
the relief.
Through this system, also, the
American Relief Administration is
able to send this charity relief to
particular districts if the donors in
America express preference. This
is often the case with American
communities of people of European
origin who want to send help to
their relatives and old neighbors in
the countries of their birth.
The American Relief Administra-
ton, which is now the supervising
body for all European food relief
under governmental auspices,
American and Allied, and which has
taken on also the facilitation of the
necessary supplemental private
charity aid, is historically an out
growth Of the Commission for Relief
in Belgium, which Was established
by Mr.. Hoover with staff of Amer
leans in October, 1914, and is now
winding up activities. The Commits
olOll 4OI IISIlS1 III OGlSluIu during
the war was the only authorized
channel through which outside aid
reached Belgium and Northern
France.
The more immediate history of
the American Relief Administra-
ton began when, at the request of
the President, Mr.. Hoover, after
the signing of the armistice, went
to Europe in the middle of last No.
vember to study the European food
situation and determine what the
United States should do in the
matter.
The situation was already clear
enough so that it was evident that
food from America would be a vital
necessity, and with characteristic
promptness Mr.. Hoover arranged at
once for the shipment Of the first
relief supplies. Arrangements were
made with the Secretary Of War by
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

the distribution of relief supplies.
AS at first arranged there was a
Supreme Council of Supply and Re-
lief, with Mr.. Hoover at it's head,
acting under the Supreme War
Council. On this were two repre-
sentatives each of the United States,
England, France and Italy. Later,
in order to bring together all agen-
cies dealing with economic problems
arising out of the armistice, the
Supreme Economic Council was
created, to have five representatives
from each Of the associated govern
ments, with sections in food, finance,
shipping, blockade and raw materi-
ais. Mr.. Hoover is permanent chair
man Of the food section, which exer-
cises the functions of the original
Supreme Council of Supply and Re-
lief, and in rotation acts as chair
man Of the Supreme Economic
Council. The two American repre-
sentatives of the food section be-
sides Mr.. Hoover, the permanent
chairman, are Colonel James A.
Logan, who is director for Europe
of the American Relief Administra-
ton, and Robert A. Taft, son of
former President Taft, who is also
member of the United States Food
A administration and of the American
Relief A administration.