davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
RED TERRORISM
MARKS STRIKES
IN BRITISH ISLES
BoIshevik Methods Appear
in WaIkouts Involving
100000 Workers.
HALF MILLION IDLE
GLASGOW in Darkness and
Loyalist Toilers Are Kept
from Employment.

London, Jan. 3o-With the strike
menace spreading and involving to-
night more than 10000 workers, terror
ist methods are being adopted by the
strikers, especially in the Clyde dis
trict. At Glasgow thousands of union
workers, without any sympathy with
the agitators, are compelled to be
idle because of threatening picketing
methods used by the strikers.
LOyalists among the workers are
planning to adopt counter measures
to the reign of terror, and bloodshed
is feared. The city this evening is in
darkness, due to the fact that the
electric power is cut of. 1t is esti-
mated that 10000 men are out on the
Clyde.
In Belfast the situation is no bet
ter. IawIessness, rioting, wholesale
window smashing and clashes with
the police continued this evening.
Half Million Unemployed.
The ministry of labor estimates that
a total of 10000 persons are out OF
work in Great Britain, men being de-
mobilized from the army more rapidly
than industry can absorb them.
The strikes throughout Great Brit
ain and Ireland are Bolshevistic, Brit
ish labor leaders declared today. They
said the strikers are under the direc-
ton of local boards, organized like
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
Tyrol, Latest Republic,
Insists 1t Be Recognized
New Government Created by Unrecorded
Revolution Seeks National independence
With Constitution Along Swiss Lines.

the upper Adise constitute a discor-
dant element of which only armed
force can dispose? / for one do not
think so, and / will call the Germans
themselves to testify. in support of my
theory
The Tyrolese cannot have the ma
tional right of being considered in
their capacity as Tyrolese, but only
in their capacity as Germans. since
there never was a genuine Tyrolese
nation.
Europe, therefore, must chose be-
tween two solutions. II the present
wishes of the Tyrolese are to be
granted the geographical unity of Italy
will be broken at one of its most vul-
nerable points by drawing a line of
demarkation in the Rhaetian Alps
which would be both arbitrary and
complicated-a frontier which would
deprive Italy of one of her most val
liable guarantees of safety.
Another solution Necessary,
1t is of general European interest
and in the interest of both the Ital-
ians and Germans to point out anoth-
er solution. II Italy were given a nat
uraI frontier in the Rhaetian Alps.
Tyrol instead of being isolated as a
diminutive republic among mountains
would Immediately join some impor-
tant branch of the German family. as
would inevitably happen sooner or
later.
Italy, Of course. would undertake to
respect the language and the tradi-
tions of the 10000 Germans living
within her frontier. granting them the
widest possible liberty and autonomy.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
BUSINESS man.
TAKES HIS LIFE
Cornelius Eckhardt Long
Had Suffered from Serious
Nervous Disorder.

Cornelius Eckhardt, of 233 Flori-
da avenue northwest, well known in
business circles, shot himself in the
chest, inflicting almost instant
death, yesterday afternoon shortly
after 2 o'clock. III health is given
as the reason.
Mr.. Eckhardt has been on the
verge of a nervous breakdown for
some time. His attending physi-
clan, DIR. Benjamin II. Smart, stated
he had been treating him constant
ly during the last few months for
a nervous disorder.
Health Impaired by Wreck.
This illness, it Is believed, had been
brought on by injuries suffered some
wears ago when Mr.. Eckhardt was
the first man to be taken out of the
railroad wreck at Terra Gotta, near
Brookland. At no time had Mr. Eek
hardt fully recovered his health, II
was stated last night.
Members of his family heard the re-
port of a revolver. from Mr.. Eek
hardts study on the second floor. He
was found to have shot himself in
the right chest, dying almost instan-
taneously.
A note addressed to his family was
found in the room. MY mind is a
blank and 1 have had too much work,
he had written.
Death Comes ms shock.
His death is great shock to his
numerous friends throughout the city.
Many of them recall seeing him at his
office the afternoon before his death.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31

Apparently at that time he had not
premeditated self-destruction.
Mr.. Eckhardt is survived by his
wife, his father and mother, Mr.. and
Mrs. Nicholas Eckhardt. 114O Eight
eenth street northwest; by his broth
ers, Nicholas, jr., Joseph. and Carl
Eckhardt; one sister, and by several
grown daughters.
No definite funeral arrangements
had been made last night
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
Betty Brewster, Actress,
is Tried for Extortion

New York, Jan. SO.-The fate of Mrs
Betty Inch. the actress known as
Betty Brewster" was still in the
balance tonight when the jury, before
whom she had been tried in Justice
Weeks part of the Supreme Court for
alleged attempted extortion. had de-
bated the case for hours without
reaching a verdict. Eugene P. Herr
man, the complaining witness, who
charged that the actress tried to ex-
tort s215 from him on June II, and Geo.
MCGEE. an employe of the Herman
Motor Truck Company, were the prin-
eipal witnesses at the trial today.
MCGEE denied that he ever drove
his employer to the home of the ac-
tress.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31

Declaring that the craftsmen OF
the government shipyards would
strike within forty-eight hours unless
their rights were recognized, President
De Kraft, of the Draftsmen's Union.
yesterday headed committee to place
their demands before the Secretary
of the Navy.
The government craftsmen declare
that they have been forced to work in
government yards at salaries greatly
below those paid by private concerns
and that outside yards have been for
hidden hiring former government men.
In November. 1918, Mr.. De krant
told the Secretary, Assistant Secretary
Roosevelt ruled that the Macy award
should be made effective in govern
ment yards and appointed the navy
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
Financiers Accused
by Chicago Labor Leader
for High Cost of Living

Chicago, Jan. 30.-John Fitzpatrick,
president of the Chicago Federation of
Labor, today attacked the American
financial system as responsible for
the stubborn high cost of living.
Don't boycott the retailer" said
Fitzpatrick. Go after it at the source.
If the workingman will keep his
money out of the savings bank the
speculator can't borrow it. Prices will
tumble then.
Crush the whole system. The re-
taller is only a small cog in 1t"
In the face of further wholesale
price tumDles. labor unions today con-
sidered action to force drops in the
retail markets. Fitzpatrick said
unions probably would discuss the
matter individually at first.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
Germany Not a Menace.

Paris. Jan. 5O.-Sudden reorganiza-
ton Of the German army is ever
possible. but such a development
should not cause alarm. in the view
of NJ. Granting, Swedish Socialist
leader. who was interviewed by the
Petit Parisienne's correspondent at
Berne NJ BrantinG had Travelled
through Germany 10 attend the inter-
national labor conference at Berne.
The Socialist leader does not be-
Iieve restoration of the former En-
perOr. which some Papers declare Is
imminent. by Hindenburg, after the
national assembly meets, can occur;
but he admits that the German public
does not yet understand just what
has happened.
After an entire nation has so long
been fed on lies" NJ Branting said
lit is impossible for the people to re-
make their minds quickly. Already
the Majority Socialists admit some
faults. which admission forms one OF
the first steps toward repentance"
The election showed the weakness
Of the Conservative parties. but it is
ever possible for a sudden reorganiza-
ton of the German forces. This
should not cause alarm.
Indeed. there is specialization of GER
tain Industries, for example. coal ana
electricity, but I do not believe there
will be any installation of Bolshevism.
The Socialist leaders are busy eX-
planning to the workers that they
ought not to make unreasonable de-
mands at present lest these demands
result in the draining of the fountains
OF production. which brings employ
ment"
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
Britain to Release
100000 Soldiers
By End of Month

London, Jan. 3o.-Demobili-
zation of the British army is
proceeding so rapidly that, L.
ooo, 900 men, excluding officers,
will have been discharged BY
the end of this month.
The record day for discharges
was last Tuesday. During "a
hours, ending at noon, $1,000
men were demobilized. After
this month there will be rough
ly 1000, 600 men left to be dealt
with, SO if rehabilitation con-
tinues at the present rate, all
men excluding those of the
army Of occupation. which has
been fixed roughly at ooo.ooo
men, will have been demobiI-
lied before the end of March.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
PROSECUTION
OF ''bIC five"
DEEMED LIKELY
Testimony Of Packers at
Senate Hearing Not. to
Give Immunity.
HENEY CHARGES PLOT
Says Concerns Plan In
crease in Capital Stock
to Hide Profits.

That testimony of packers before the
Senate Agriculture Committee will
not entitle them to immunity from
prosecution on trust charges by the
Department of Justice was a decision
reached by the committee in executive
session.
Lewis F. Swift had been asked as to
alleged collusion between packers at
Fort Worth. Tex. Senator Gore OBJ
jected to permitting Swift TO answer
until it was certain that testimony
now will not entitle packers to claim
immunity should the Department of
Justice decide to prosecute.
The Department of Justice investi-
gators are checking over the Federal
Trade Commissions evidence with a
view of possible action. It was learned
After consultation with his attorney,
Swift said he would waive any claims
TO immunity.
PInn to Hide Earnings
Fearing their profits would be held
down after the war, big packers
planned TO increase their capital stock
to hide fat earnings, Francis ]. Heney,
investigator. charged.
Swift & Co. arranged to do this
when the Food Administration re-
laxed it's profits rules, hoping to get
all set on a new basis before govern
ment action could stop them. Heney
revealed to he Senate Agriculture
Committee. He cited letters written by
G. +. Swift. jr., to other members Of
the firm.
Later, Louis +. swift admitted that
an appraisal was made and that stock
dividends of s25.Oc0. 900 were declared
on the basis of the survey.
Swift's Letter Read.
u. F. Swift emphasized that a con-
cern with good reputation" should
make the appraisal.
81 think the probabilities are quite
great that after the Food AdIninistra-
CONTINUED ON PAGE SIX.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
Ten English Maidens,
Brides of Yank Troops,
Arrive IN America

New York, Jan. SO.-Ten English
girls, all brides OF American dough-
boys. and the vanguard OF more
than SOC. principals in war romsuces.
arrived today on the TRANSPORT
Plattsburg. Their travelling e1-
penses were paid by the American
Red Cross.
Two transports and a cruiser ar
rived today. bringing more than
5000 soldiers and Marines The
Plattsburg brought l,62s officers and
men. the Mongolia 4.sl1 officers and
men and the cruiser Frederick
brought l,547 officers and men.
The Mongolia sailed from St
Nazaire and many of the men
aboard were sick or wounded. Tho
Plattsburg and Frederick sailed
from Brest.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
HUNGARIANS CHEER
AMERICA AND ALLIES
Demonstrators Throughout Coun-
try Laud Conference Ruling.

Budapest. Jan. 3O.-Hungarians
conducted demonstrations through
out the country yesterday. cheering
the United States and the allies,
as a result of the Peace Conference
note warning that claims to ter
ritory occupied by force will receive
no recognition at the peace table.
The Hungarians regarded this
warning as directed particularly at
the Rumanians and Jugo-Slavs. who
have been encToaching on Hungar-
ian soil
A new crisis has been forced in
Count Karolyis cabinet, due to
Bourgeoisie attacks.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
Milady Nicotine Next
m Ants Activities

Syracuse, n. Y, Jan. 3.-"Demon
Nicotine" is next. Prof. Frederick w.
Roman. of Syracuse University, today
announced that movement will be
started here soon to organize the no
tobacco league of America" which
will have for its object the prohibition
of tobacco.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
Draug11tsn1en in u. S.
ShipyardS to Strike
Secretary Daniels Informed that All of Them
Will Be Called Out in 4S Hours Unless
Their Demands Are Fully Met

board to devise a plan by which it
could be made applicable.
The committee demanded that the
Secretary tell them whether or not
the ban against government craftsmen
leaving the service would be removed !;
whether the order forbidding outside
shipyards hiring government men
would be removed; II the Macy Award
would be retroactive when it goes
into effect and If the committee would
be permitted to take with them a
copy of the Navy Boards report
Each request. Mr.. De Krafft states,
was denied by the Secretary despite
the assurance given by the committee,
that. in case of refusal, the craftsmen
in the yards at Norfolk. New York
Portsmouth, Philadelphia, and Mare
Island, in all probability would strike.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31

Parfs, Jan. 3o.-President Wilson Will
leave France on February Is and re-
turn to America, 20 be present at
the closing of Congress on March 4.
IL was learned from an authoritative
source tonight
Secretary of War Baker will come
to Paris on February /. according to
the same source of information
The United States batueship New
Mexico is anchored of Brest to con-
voy President Wilson home.
Wilson TO Return to Paris.
President Wilson will stay in the
United States a few days only, after
which he will return to France. His
absence from Paris win not exceed
three weeks
During the absence of the President,
Premier Lloyd George and Premier
Orlando doubtless will go to England
and Italy. respectively. where their
duties as heads OF these governments
claim them.
The work of the conference will con-
tinue during the absence of the three
leaders. Most of the committees have
now been appointed and are ready TO
commence examination OF the various
ton.
Reach Colonies Agreement.
A provisional agreement for dealing
with the German colonies in the Pa
cific and Africa was reached at this
afternoons session of the big five"
of the Peace Conference. according ~
the communique published tonight.
These arrangements were termed sat
isfactOry."
1t also was announced that similar
arrangements were completed for deal
ing with occupied territory in Turkish
Asia.
The commUniCsIe further made pub
lie the decision that the military rep
resentatives of the allied and asso-
cisted powers at Versailles are TO be
asked TO make an arrangement among
the allied powers to carry the burden
OF supplying military forces to main
tain order in the Ottoman sphere.
These forces are TO carry out this
duty pending the decision Of the con-
ference respecting the government OF
Turkish territory.
The communique follows:
The President OF the United
States, the prime ministers and
ministers Of foreign affairs Of the
allied and associated powers, as
well as Japanese representatives.
today held two meetings at the
Quai d'Orssy. the first from il
tfil l and the second from 40 to g.
Exchange of Views Centissed-
Exchange of views continued
ON the German colonies in the Pa
Cific and in Africa in the presence
of their representatives of the do
minions, and Monsieur Simon. the
French minister Of the colonies and
Of the Marquis Saluago RaEEoi.
I'm tho afternoon satisfactory
provisional arrangements EVere
reached for dealing with the Ger
man colonies and the occupied
territory in Turkey Asia.
I'm the afternoon meetings the
Belgian delegates were present.
Monsieurs Hymans. Nandenheuver
and Vandervelde were accompanied
by Monsieur Orta. who explained
the Belgian point Of view concern
ing the Congo.
1T was further decided that the
military representatives OF the al
lied and associated powers at Yer
sailles should be asked to meet at
once and present a report as the
most equitable and economical dis
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
LEAGUE PEACE
BASIS, TARD|EU
French Commissioner Says
Allied Conference Must
y Adopt Wilson Plan.

Paris, Jan. 50.-The League of Ma
tions has become the basic idea of
the entire Peace Conference, Andre
Tardieu. French Commissioner to the
United States, declared today.
He said agreements being reached
by the big five" on the colonial
problems would be final, but not i'm
mediately binding.
"Is the attitude of the japanese
regarding their claims to the Pacific
islands formerly owned by Germany
displeasinG? % he was asked.
No" NJ. Tardieu answered. "AIl
are working toward a general agree
ment"
Most of the questions asked the
French spokesman pertained to the
colonial problems, but his answers
were mostly non-committal. He de-
clared it wa impossible for him to
answer I, -: because the conference
'at that moment" had not yet reach
ed any decision.
NJ. Tardieu said the French claimed
the Kamerun and Congo territories
because of their proximity to the
French possessions, this proximity
it easier for the administra-
tion Of these lands.
He said the French government ac-
cepted the principles of President Will
son regarding the disposition of the
colonies, as have the British also. but
declared this acceptance is subject to
a knowledge of the conditions to be
carried out.
NJ. Tardieu did not have definite
reply to the question as to whether
the acceptance of the league of ma
tions meant the abrogation of the
treaties entered into by the allied ma
tions during the war. but added, how
ever. that the league had become the
basic idea of the entire conference.
y He reiterated that the German dele
gates would not be called into the
Peace Conferences until there had been
an unanimous agreement among the
aliies
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
BY GUGLIGLMO FERRERO,
CThe Famous Italian Historian and
PhiIosopher)
written Especially for Universal
Service.
Copyright, 1919, by Universal
seryice.l

scrttce.b
Rome, Jan. 3o.-In the appalling state
of confusion into which Europe has
fallen since the revolutions in Austria
and Germany, nobody has been able TO
spare attention to happenings in Tyrol
which, howevr. also has had its reVo-
Luton, constituting a republic, con-
vening a national council, and orga-
niZing a militia.
Now Tyrol is about to ask the Peace
Congress to grant it national inde-
pendence, with a constitution along
Swiss lines, claiming at the same time
as a constituent part of the future re-
public the German population Of the
southern slopes of the Rhaetian Alps.
Principles are Conflicting.
The principle of geographical unity.
therefore conflicts with linguistic and
national unity. The latter would in
vclve a division of the southern slopes
of the Rhaetfan Alps between the Ger
mans and Italians, while the former
would consign the area in its entirety
to the Italians as an organic entity.
We have seen that it is in the in
terest of Italy that the principle of
geographical unity should prevail over
that of linguistic unity Is this in
terest irreconciliable with German in
terests? Do these 100000 Germans of
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
Consul General Momseu Quits.

Buenos Aires. Jan. 30.-Richard Nom
sen has resigned as American Consul
General to Argentina, effective Feb
ruary 2, it was announced today. He
will be succeeded by Charles c.. E,ber-
hardt, former Consular Inspector.
Momsen has organized a law firm
here
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
SERB PRINCE REGENT
ON HIS WAY TO PARIS
travelling lncognito. He Hopes to
Eliminate Many Formaliues.

Prince Regent Alexander OF
Serbia is on his way to Paris to
Confer with the Jugo-SlSv delegates
to the Peace Conference. a diplo-
matte dispatch from Belgrade an
nOunceS. II is stated that the trip
is unofiCisl and that the ruler 10
travelling incoCnito-
The purpose OF this, diplomats
stated. was to eliminate delays OF
unnecessary formalities. II is held
possible that the real purpose nr
the mission OF the prince is to seek
an audience with President Wilson
regarding the Slsv-Itslisn conflict
in DalmRtia-
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31

Soviets, which are openly opposed to
the authorized heads of the National
Federation OF Trades Unions. 1t was
further charged that the strikes are
being financed partially by the Rus
sian Bolsheviki.
Geddes Suggests Solutions.
Sir Eric Geddes. former director
of rehabilitation and present rail-
road director. discussing the strikes
said:
- "A half million people are unem-
plOyed today out of a total of TO-
900, 900 civilian war workers. OF the
military. 100000 have been de-
mobilized.
Unemployment IS rising and will
continue to rise. But if this were
the sole menace, there would be rea-
son for optimism, but labor. the en-
ployers and the government all are
working at cross purposes.
The causes for this situation are
the evil of mutual suspicion. dis
trust and the lack of knowledge on
each side of the position of the
other. In Russia, such suspicious
produced chaos.
There are two possible solutions.
Let labor itself take over some of
the great national factories now be-
ing sold and try to experiment in
the matter of cooperative manage
ment. | am not Joking. but earnest
ly. suggest it.
The other solution would be
profit sharing, so widely followed in
America, where employees are enti-
tied to see the essential figures of
the management and this removes
suspicion
Distrust Factor.
Lord Lover-Hulmes. widely
known soap manufacturer and labor
employer. said:
Capital and labor are absolutely
interdependent. but while capital
learns self-reliance from the hard
school of experience. labor has been
taught to depend upon government
grants, government doles and chari-
ties which are like the philosophers
stone-pure fallacy.
Labor must learn never to
achieve shorter hours and less ardu-
GUS toll by a fight or might policy
or upon suspicion and distrust OF
capital or by reason of any other
means except self-preparation for
cooperation and study in and of the
duties of directors and the prin-
ciples leading to their success"
G. H. Roberts. former minister of
labor and new food controller. said
Labor leaders will not do any
good or service to the rank and file
if they fail to point out that the
betterment of the industrial position
is only permanently possible when
our national industries are rehabiIi-
tated and the productive power has
been enormously increased"
Labor Minister'S Views.
Sir Robert Horne, minister of Ia
Dor. said:
'T am not in the least perturbed
about these strike outbreaks, in the
sense that / anticipated them as in
evitable. They are a form of reac-
tion after war. but due primarily to
the war.
During the war the men refrained
from striking for many and various
reasons, but principally because they
did not want to let down the men al
the front.
Il believe the present state of dis
organization in the labor world is
of a temporary nature and that the
trades unions will again come into
their own"
Sir Robert expressed a strong con-
viction that the only serious feature
of the situation was that the men
disregarded their own union lead
ers. making it impossible for the
government to negotiate with them.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
French Embargo on
Imports Lightened

Paris.-France is giving priority
to timber shipments and lifted all
restrictions on Importation of steel,
copper, zinc. lead. aluminium, tin,
nickel, machinery, tools and electric
al supplies.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
Japs May Start Spring
: Drive on Bolsheviki

Vladivostok. Jan. 29.-The ques-
ton of japanese participation In .
spring campaign against the Boil
sheviki has again been raised. al
though Japanese reserves have been
dispatched homeward, says a jap
anese general, Whos- name is not
announced.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-31
Whitlock is Granted
Freedom of Brussels

b Brussels. Jan. 30.-American Min
lister whitlock and Spanish Minister
viuaIobar have been granted the free
dom Of the city.
ViIlalobar co-Operated with Whit
lock in relieving the sufferings of the
Belgian people during the German
invasion