davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-03-30
FOLLY TO RELY ON HUNS
TO PAY THEIR WAR DEBT
France Begins to Ask Wl:xu WsII
Happen Should Germany Not
Meet Obligations.
is IN HARD FINANCIAL PLIGHT
War Robbed French OF :s.OOO,O 900
Population and Birth Rate Has
Been AbnorEaliy i.uw-Deticit i'm
Revenue Large.

PARtS March 20. France is begin
ning I" ask what viii happen If Cdr
NAM, ,iN does not pay her war contribu-
iIom. Ihc financial situation in Franco
IS unuuestionabiy serious, because tho
country is faced with the necessity
OF finding 5000. 900. 600 $4,000 300
oo'p 10 cover war debts and supple
meniarN expenses. in addition to her
normal budget. This budget will be
t.io.000.ooo annually. while the annual
revenue is only f@20.oo0.01O.
various Senate chnmh"r commits
sions are uniting their energies I'm
an attempt to discover means TO
guarantee The equilibrium OF future
budgets. ana NJ ciemrnccGu and NJ
shortly meet these commissions in
order to decide on what government
measures are necessary.
SERIOUS FINANCIAL SITUATION
CONERONT> EHENCH PEOPLE
Briefly, the situation is that since
the outbreak OF war Frances expcn-
diture and debts hav" amounted to
S3S. i05,o0o.00u. while tn" revsrue 10
rect this is nearly $I.1p".noo.O 900 short.
IN addition. France must lind S6.-
coo.o0o.oo 20 meet supplementary cx-
penseS in the last nine months or this
year. making total deficit OF s1o.-
100000, 900. Apart from this. there is
The normal budget estimate at s3.600.-
NAL revenue of only Si.G00.0Oo, 900.
In order to meet this large deficit
an extraordinary budget probably will
bc instituted, but the basis of this
budget must necessarily tc supplied
by .Germany's contribution 10 France
Marcel Sembat. tho Soriai:st deputy
recently warned the French people
that ii is folly % expect Germany 10
pay her bill. and he charged the gov
ernmcnt with throwing dust in the
peoples eyes.
DR.. Bcrtillon in tho Matn declares
that the war has robbed France OF
3,000,o10 OF her population. Hc says
that according to tho latas; returns
tho census at tho end OF 1919 will show
population OF only 3i,ooo,oO0 or 35.-
CO0.Ul0
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-03-30
Nationalixes coast,,,sc shi,..

EUENOS AiRES, March - The
government has issued decree ma
the port service here of
vessels i'm an effort to solve
the port strike situation as ii affects
coaStwic trade. II is said that the
February wages OF the port workmcn
viii be paid by the government
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-03-30
REPLACE HOSTILE
SPIRIT IN COLOGNE
Germans Now Treat British,
Army of Occupation With
Cordially.
MERCHANTS GRAB BUSINESS
Soldiers Buy Helmets. Iron
Crosses and Photographic
Supplies From Huns.

COLOGNE. March 2s.-After some
weeks absence one Hnds :, curious
change in Cologne. The air of hos
tili'y which vas apparent during the
hrst days Of the british. occupation
seems 10 have vanished completely.
Merchants and shopkeepers arc now
bent on proh;ins AZ much as possible
by the presence OF the troops
The could not be more eager or
IN. tourist trade IN peace tine. Fac
iLivc been character .6tieany quick 10
noe nc trend of British taste. anu
nave tr.ed 10 satisfy ii.
When the army entered ,here was
great demand for souvenirs. tlei-
mes. officers belts and badges and
c1; to ina. Wou!d Us ana ears ss airs
had to visit Il dinGy little music SHOP
in an obscure stree, behind the .%cw-
marhci. where Il password WHISPERED
over tnc counter was necessary in or
der 10 Inspect a stock OF helmets con
cGa!ed under the second Ia nd accor-
d!ons IN back room AS special
attraction al iron Cross Or TWO would
DC produced.
HELMETS AND CROSSES
SOUGHT by BRITISH
AZ soon as the appetite for spiked
helmets and Iron Crosses became
known. military ou,Gtters promptly
By pm6 t,..ir wares on the marL,e'. aud
ism consumpt!ou TO-DAY you Will ind
windows in iiiGh stree; filled with the
G.itterlnS hcaddrc2S known as the
iickclhaube. and whole rows OF new
Iron Crosses with black and white
ribbon attached.
Cimemas that accepted patrons in
Khaki with sullon reluctance. when NC
first came TO Cologne. advertise their
films in English one Of the largest In
the HoheStrass c has a hiimor!si as
signwriter. and his narinS piacards
In slang describing various attractions
on the btll always attract and amusc
the soldiers.
letters, English pictures shown here
twice \ week. don't miss them"
Guides TO Cologne with phrase
books for the English soldier" nave
been hastily compiled 10 meet the uni
versai want. and are on sale every
where. stranger still, the London
n is are sold in the ,streats. and
about can see a prospective purchaser
200 yards of. they will tell you :ha:
n" Daily Express is .fourpencc
please"
MANY SOLDIERS BUY
CAMERAS AND SUPPLIES
shops selling cameras and photo.
graphic goods and there are msny in
EoloEne--arc unexpectedly prosperous.
s!any oHiccfs and men have taken u j.
photography in their spare tine. and
these shops are sometimes Hf1sd With
INNS 10 be developed and pEinlcd.
English speaking portcrs arc RON TO
be found a the doors o: tho cafes ana
At The box offices OF ihc3t;rs and
c!nemas TO assist the British. Many
o. them are cX-soldiers who worked in
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-03-30

The >lnd:ans escaped taking horses
according to report. National troops
are beng hurried TO the province
where many settlements are said to
have been attacked by the outlaws
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-03-30
INDUSTRIAL BOARD
TO STUDY STRIKES
Round Table Hopes to Solve
Problems Leading to I'm
necessary Walkouts.
WAR STRAINS ALTER TEMPER
Both Workn1en and Employers
Difficult to Handle After
Lorg Suffering
n, RIGHT moN. ,. u. cLYNES.

LONDON, March 2o.--IC labor durin
tHlS period OF Widespread unrest for
l'llS any Of The good name which IL
sttHi:d Tor itself during the war. 1t
VIII not b." altogether due 10 the action
OF ihbor, FOR u.uch of the blame for
airlhcs and threats OF strikes mus, be
hhaled by employers ana employers
associations
With the very best OF intentions.
associations representing the two sides
~ The engineering trades ARRANGED
!a,!r =, reduction % WORKING hours
l'pHRlc very SOON druSv nu the literal
meaning and eject of the arrSnyr.
htii Tho employers TOOK the View
cnht TN" arrarEuDiuni meant that
LOFTY seven hOErs should actually be
worked. Ihc ms1 too. the view shat
thc arrangement did not require item
~ SuHcr any reduced wages. ana ;nnr
none Of th- little privileges or ct,s-
IONS IN the Workshop which h.tYc
tAlstcd wcr" cancelled by any new plan
%hich determined The working Tim.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-03-30
GERMAN WOMEN SPIES
CARRIED INVISIBLE INK
tscd Their Hat Feathers as Com
tainc;s. Secret Scrvir
Nlcn Found.
MEN HAD DIFFERENT SCHEME
When Their Socks Were Soaked il
Was Found Hose Contained Solu-
ton for Use in Spy Work as In
visible Ink.

LONDON March, "a 80 much has
been he.rd aD"ut German SPIES ana
80 little a1ol!l our commemorative
that many have run away with the
idea that All the good secret service
was on the German side. Not 50.
The truth is. from what have
heard behind the scenes. that our secret
service is one OF the nnest-!f not the.
tnest--in the world
One day during the thick OF the war
"a letter was posted at seaside town
on the south coast OF England. and
ms IN inyiSibic ink. II contained no
name or address OF the sender Il vas
Intended to conEcv VALUABLE. infor.n,-
ton to an agent IA Il neutral country
Tor irirhlnisSion 10 III German govern
r5nt TIL: letter WAS posted on the
south coasi, but one OF our secret ser
zee men leaned against The barrier
london terminus. waited FOR
man coming from somewhere in the
north o: England by certain train
s'w him come out of the train. and
arrested him.
The man in this particular case was
an aiien. some spies on behalf OF Ger
many. unhappily. were English. This
man aiieh origin served to- SHOW the
value of the restrictions on the move
ments OF aliens.
INVISIBLE LETTER MADE
VISIBLE IN SHORT ORDER
The invisible letter was opened in
NE post under oar postal censorship.
visible by well-known Scotland Yard
methods. the police of the south coast
Town were asked what aliens ,.n,icr
me reporting order had been hooked
- haN:he CONC to that district within
the past rex days. our card index .;ys-
ten was s"ittty rcsort"d TO. We turned
up Iie man s name and address AT
Manchester. discovered what his move
inents were going 10 be. waitcn for
his train and took him
Our secret service men have gone
up l." faSh.onabl? dressed women with
feathers in their hats. have searched
inc feathers ana found that the uuilIs
were vessels containing secret ink.
ne British secret service have taken
hoId OF men. soaked their socks and
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
All About Teeth
Iron The New, Bureau Committee American Museum Of
Natural History. New Yok Ciy9

the American Museum Natural History that
tells great deal about eehabout their structure location moae
aion, growth reference to the teeh u %
Many kinds exhibit from the
among the
the
of pyramidal slender u
growth which becomes worn away
Of which The food IS torn 10 @
these teeth worked into the mouth opening The lobster does
Some of these teeth adapted Selling the
exhibit beetle and worm Doa
teeth useful
OF the typical tooth OF
consists OF ~ pulp
becomes az denn bone forming the body of the too ~
the (4>
rounding the base OF the tooth and p o az %
the The teeth animals he "ha
for exampe)' have no enamel whatsoever .. .. o..
mammals the teeth set distinct separate
called by the initiated aeoa and are separated py
mpantng teeth The extinct
Ichhosaurus had his teeth planted IN
Shallow the habit
adopted the fashion OF going
teeth is by Of bony
with the side
beneficial that the who is
his teeth Implanted In this
teeth which less
movable the that This
and reptiles With snakes this
facilitates the swallowing Of the food
animals fortunate than have only set teeth which
expected
milk and set No
has than two sets of teeth
Generally replaced
absorbed unt
Most reptiles and
worried
behind
accomplished the formation
which absorbed
the and the entire
While six teeth
than parts of two teeth
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
Rat Skins Make Leather
Suitable for Some Kinds
of Gloves and Mittens

There is not enough leather to 60
round. Fish skins are susceptible OF
tanning, and there are rat skins
which make good leather, large
enough for many purposes. They
would do for some kinds of gloves
and mittens, says the Little Journal.
They may be sewed together to make
cloaks and other garments, and they
are not too small to be available for
parts of boots and shoes. The gen.
eral rule as to leather is that the
thicker the fur is the poorer the hide
and vice versa. According to this,
rat hide would produce superior
leather.
Somebody with the gift Of guessing
computes that there are 1OO,OOO,OOO
rats in this country. and the damage
they do would feed good sized
army. It would take at least 5000
skins a day to supply small modern
tannery. Nobody wants the rats;
they belong to anybody that can
catch them. That is the only prob
lem-to catch them and skin them,
and then deliver the goods.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
Zoo Superintendent Finds
New Husband for Mourning
Widow in Alligator Family

For many weeks Cy De Vry, super
intendent Of the Lincoln Park Zoo at
Chicago, watched with utmost con-
Germ the ravages of melancholia upon
the person and psychology of Desde-
mona, the brunette alligator, who
some time since was bereft Of her
husband. He succumbed to influ-
enZa.
They were inseparable and had
achieved q oneness of concord rarely
encountered in the domestic domain.
The unalloyed bliss they enjoyed was
manifest to all. It was natural that
with the visit of the grim reaper the
weaker vessel, deprived at one fell
stroke of prop and stay, should mourn
deeply.
But De Vry thought time would as
suage her grief. In this he was in
error. After a consultation he de-
cided that but one hope remained-to
obtain a new husband.
In the Florida jungles there was
captured OthellQ, blackamOOr. If
Cupid's darts prove potent the
gnawing grief wearing away the wild
ow's heart will be eradicated forever
and a day.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
0nly 125 Cases of Total
Blindness Among Yanks

There were only 125 cases Of total
blindness and fewer than 1000 ampu-
tations in the American forces en-
gagged in the war, 1t is stated by the
bureau of war risk insurance In an
announcement concerning the bureaus
activity in supplying crippled soldiers
and sailors with artificial limbs and
in otherwise caring for the wounded
and disabled. Not even all of the 125
cases of total blindness cited, it is
stated, have yet been declared as per-
manent by the medical officers in
charge. Relative to amputations, de-
NAL Is made, on the authority Of Sur
geon General Ireland and Col. Charles
E. Banks, chief medical officer of the
war insurance risk insurance that
there were any cases in which men
lost both arms and both legs.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
Abdications in Germany
Will Include Total Of
278 of Royal Families

"A German professor figures out that
the abdication and dethrOnements in
Germany include 278 persons. Ba-
varia leads, with one king, one queen,
IS princes, 16 princesses, five dukes
and one duchess. Prussia has sent
SO royalties into exile, including the
emperor, the empress, 20 princes and
II princesses. Brunswick is at the
bottom of the list. with only the ducal
couple and their three children. The
two tiny principalities of Reuss, whose
area is hardly one-three hundredths
part Of that Of Prussia, have exiled
SO royalties.
The principally Of Lippe, only
about 20 square miles larger than the
Reuss states, had royal family num-
bering "a persons. Most extraordi-
nary is the case of Schaumberg-Lippe,
with it's area of 100 square miles,
where there was nearly one royal per-
sonage for every five square miles.
These included the reigning prince,
seventeen princes and seven prln-
cesseS.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
How One Man Made Back
Yard Help Feed the Family
Last Summer and Winter

"How much can the back yard do
to supply the table," asks Alfred
Westfall of the Colorado agricultural
college, and then he answers his own
question by telling what he did in his
back yard last year: II am not try
ing to tell bear story. Others have
raised better gardens than mine was
last year. I merely want to show
what an amateur who has only limit
ed amount of time to spend in gar
den can do.
my garden is 60 by 10 feet. The
soil is clayey. The garden was pre-
pared and handled in the usual man
ner with not more than average care.
It supplied a family Of three with
fresh vegetables all summer besides
what it produced for canning.
'4There was rhubarb. Six quarts
were canned. We had green peas
from the first of July to the last Of
September and canned ten quarts.
There was an abundance of string
beans. We canned q quarts. We
also had a generous supply Of lima
beans. We had fresh tomatoes for q
month. After that we pulled the
vines and hung them in the cellar and
had tomatoes until Thanksgiving. Be-
sides, we canned 20 quarts. There
was sweet corn for the table and eight
quarts to can. We had enough pump
kins to supply us for the winter, and
our neighbers as we'll. There were
IS pounds Of carrots, SO Of turnips.
There we're beets, cucumbers, onions,
radishes, lettuce, cabbage, eauliflower
and Hubbard squash. Eleven quarts
from this miscellany were canned and
the rest stored in a backyard pit for
winter use.
1--WE had the finest kind of fresh
vegetables all summer and went Into
the winter with ~ quarts on our
shelves and we'll provisloned with
those that will keep fresh"
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
Women May Be Members
of the American Legion

Women who served in various war
service work, including yeomanettes,
army nurses and marine corps girls,
are eligible for membership In the
American legion, the association OF
veterans Of the world war, according
to q statement issued from the ma
tlonal headquarters of the organiza-
ion. The announcement says that so
many inquiries came from women who
served during the war that 1t was de-
cided to issue formal notice. Prep
arations are under way to form the
first post of women who had worn the
Uniform of their country. Whether or
not the yeomanettes will unite In a
post with the army nurses or whether
the women will join the posts formed
by the service men is to be left to the
discretion of the local posts.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
GIVE BABY CHICKS
BEST OF CARE

"A few baby chicks well taken care
of will give better results than double
the number that are neglected." says
Ell. r. Mclean Of the Colorado Agri-
cultural college.
keep the hen and chicks free from
lice and in comfortable quarters. 9TH
erwise look out for losses.
"Feed the baby chicks little feed
after they are SO to 48 hours old.
More chicks are killed the first three
days after Matching by overlooking
than during any other period.
IF you keep the body growing you
will find no chicks with dropping
wings. Skim milk that is allowed to
clabber furnishes the best animal pro-
TEN for the growing chick. Give 1t
to them slightly warm and start them
out on it. The Tactic acid helps clear
the intestinal tract and lot Of bowel
trouble is avoidable by it's use. If
fed In connection with bread crumbs,
johnny cake or good commercial
chick feed you can give them all the
milk they need without harmful re-
suits.
"Don't change from sour skinned
milk to sweet or buttermilk, but feed
one kind to avoid throwing them OF
their feed.
"Chicks should have access to
good, clean, coarse sand or the fine
commercial chick grit"
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
War on Wheels
Practically All Eqmpmens
Mounted

This has been q war on wheels.
great guns have been transported on
and fired from railroad cars and
autotrucks. Troops have been fed
from trolling kitchens" and trolling
bakeries"
Automobile machine shops, to make
repairs, have accompanied the air
craft sections. Observation balloons
have been handled and controlled
from mot0rtrucks. Field blacksmith
shops and carpenter shops have been
on wheels.
Many other things might be mem
toned. But oldest of all perhaps
were the field printing shops-such
an affair being a motortruck with a
little house mounted on it's chassis.
the latter containing a first-class
printing press. On such presses i
vast amount of printing was done
for modern army needs lot of it
including that Of the newspapers
written and issued by our soldiers.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
THE WORSHIP OF NATURE

The harp at Natures advent strung
Has never ceased to play;
Tho song the stars of morning sung
Has never died away.
And prayer Is made and praise is given,
BY all things near and far;
The ocean looketh up to heaven,
And mirrors every star.
Its waves are kneeling on the strand,
AS kneels the human knee,
Their white locks bowling to the sand,
The priesthood Of tho sea!
They pour their glittering treasures forth,
Their gifts Of pearl they bring,
And all the listening hills of earth
Take up the song they sing.
The green earth sends her incense up
From many a mountain shrine;
From folded leaf and dewy cup
She pours her sacred wine.
The mists above the morning rills
Rise white as wings of prayer;
The altar curtains of the hills
Are sunsets purple air.
The winds with hymns Of praise are loud.
Or low with sobs Of pain
The thunder-organ of the cloud,
The dropping tears of rain.
With dropping head and branches crossed
The twilight forest grieves,
Or speaks with tongues Of Pentecost
From all its sunlit leaves.
The blue sky Is tho temples arch,
It's transept earth and air,
The music Of its starry march
The chorus Of a prayer.
So Nature keeps the reverent frame
With which her years began.
And all her signs and voices shame
The prayerless heart Of man.
Whittier.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
Young America Is Always
Anxious to Match STRENGTH

There is something chfvalric in the
unknown possibilities Of big demands.
Every youth with capabilities covets
the chance to match strength with the
victorious conquerors Of his comrades.
To him defeat is thing to be proved.
Talk of it only sets the itch for trial
going. The hint Of its possibility
primes his nerves for the effort. It
matters not that others have been laid
low. The ardent mind centuries up a
thousand reasons for the failure. That
cannot be his lot. Crackers of defeat
have no place in his plans. Even ad-
vice, however wholesome, finds little
chance for a hearing. The great thing
is the challenge that offers q chaSce
to measure strength.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
History of the Great War
Will Necessarily Be Worlds
History for Last Four Years

Already, Of course, we have his
tories of the great war-scOres, even
hundreds, of them. They began to ap-
pear on the bookstalls almost silsul-
taneously with the roar Of the big
guns.
But who shall write the history. the
one for which libraries, colleges and
universities will subscribe? Ger
tainly, not one man. This was a five
plane war; on the water and under
the water; on the land and under the
land-and In the air. From first to
last more than a score Of military
fronts were involved, counting the
western and the Italian fronts each as
one, with q total extension of 800
miles.
But the military operations cOnsti-
tute only one division of the actfvi-
ties a historian will have to cover.
A real history will include such d.
visions as diplomacy, chemistry.
mechanics, ordnance aud aeronautics /:
food. fuel. labor, industry. In short.
the history Of the war has been the
history Of the world for the last four
years.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1919-06-12
Insects Cause a Billion !
Dollar Loss Yearly, Says
Agricultural Department

Destructive insects in the United
States have a food bill of 81 ,0OO,O 0O.-
600 annually, according to department
Of agriculture figures. That amount is
lost each year because Of insect dep
relations on various farm crops and
fruits. In addition to this, there is
a large loss to live stock from such
pests as biting flies, parasitic flies,
ticks, mites and so forth.
In 1916 destructive insects caused
a loss Of $4,000 800 in cereal crops
and were responsible for loss Of
SIG, 23O,5OO in hay crops. The insect
damage to the tobacco crops was $751;
9OO,8OO and in vegetables $199, 49,
600. They caused loss Of $780,
800 in sugar crops and loss Of $141,-
264,3OO in fruit. The loss caused by
them in all other crops was $29,649,-
700.
It has been found that vegetable
and fruit crops suffer most heavily
from the ravages of insects and 20
per cent loss in vegetable crops and a
80 per cent loss in fruit crops is prob
ably a minimum figure for these two.
A further study of this question has
revealed the fact that in 1915 the
chinch bug alone was responsible for
a loss of $6O,OOO,OOO. The grasshop-
per caused a loss Of $5OOOO,OOO and
the Hessian fly was charged with be-
ing responsible for $40.00O,OOO slump.
In addition to the direct losses in
growing crops, forests and live stock,
insects are responsible for depreda-
tons on stored grain, other farm prod
ucts and household supplies. All
these have brought the total annual
loss from insects in the United States
up to $1,000,000,000.