davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
New Mexican Congress May Provide
For Interest ON Railroad Bonds
Although Military Guards Are Still Steadily
GROWING Better observer AssersNew
arranza Defends Early Attitude Toward Necessity

vested $143, 1000 in Mexico. and that Of
this sum $1,000, 900 is in railway bonds
The total holdings of all other countries
i'll Mexican rails is $4,000 in stocks and
s3S.535,Ss0 in bonds. The Mexican figures
in the above tabulation are representative
OF private capital only.
What happened to the railways is told by
President Carranza in message to Con-
gress:
Since the First Chief entered the CAPT
tai, the government has felt the necessity
OF taking over some of the principal rail
way lines of the country, not only for the
purpose of moving troops, provisions. arms
and ammunition promptly and at the proper
time. but also TO facilitate the necessary
means of communication and transportation
to the people in the territories occupied by
the Constitutional forces
But when the revolution triumphed and
rebel bands of Importance were disbanded
thought the time had arrived for return
ing these lines to their former owners AND
therefore, began by relnquishing the rail
way line running from this capital to Vera
Cruz, known as the Mexican Railway.
Since the railway was returned to its
owners developments have demonstrated
that they are unable to keep it in service,
as they could not prevent frequent assaults
on trains by small bands of bandits. As it
IS OF vital Importance that this line be kept
IN operation and that passengers be pro-
tccted, have deemed it absolutely mecca
sary to again take it over, and have an
pointed as its manager Lieutenant Colonel
Pauline Fontes, who will carry on the ad
mlnlstration independently from the other
lines that make up the national railway
system.
The First Chief has also just ordered
the taking over Of the National Tehuante
pee Railway, appointing Mr.. Rosendo Mauri
as manager.
FINALLY, the attachment of the Alvarado
to the Vera Cruz railway and the terminal
station at Vera Cruz have been decreed."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
Shooting Programmes
Not Very Practicable

The man of income who has never labored
sits in his club and advises, "Shoot the i'm
pudent beggars.' He has his counterpart
IN the Bolshevist, who would also shoot but
IN the opposite direction. The trouble with
both shooting programmes is that a most
lnconvenient number of people have to be
shot in order to make any headway
Another set representing capital would
lock out the men until they return TO .hcir
senses and are willing to work. And they
have their labor counterparts in the men
who would stay out on strike until plants
deprecated and the populace was up in
arms over the shortages in food, trarspor-
tation and coal
Stated IN abstract, the tencts of these
various groups sound ridiculous and they are
quite sc; but that does not in the least nrc-
vent them from airing their views and
making rational settlement very difficult.
For instance, Sir Eric Geddes the other dav
proposed somewhat hippantly that if the
workers thought that they could run bust
ness, why did they not hire any of the
muniton factories that were up for sale
and go to work on their own? The sur-
gestion was uncommonly popular with the
audience, but not quite SC, welcome to the
government, which saw flaws in the plan
AS consequence | understand that Sir
ENC Is to receive ticket for oblivion
win a stop or two on the way.
for the government and the labor men
are earnestly seeking some plan of settle
"eht OIL the whole social question: The
iaDor situation was the principal theme of
po'h the Kings and Lloyd GEORGES adj
"iesSes' and although the only concrete
pan at present in general favor. is that con
'"lhed IN the scheme for Whitley councils.
nave been given to understand that tboso
councils are only the beginning and that
pans are under way for the erection Of a
ne" social order that will battle Bolshcvism
'or It IS generally recognized, among think
ing men here that the cure for Bolshovism
- not the isolation Of those affected. but
an operation on society that will remove the
germs Of the disease.
'"' Parliamentary labor movement has
"'uch IN common with tho Bolshcvists IN
'hat u declares that the worker has NOT had
NJ" 'air share Of industry, but il splits With
WV followers in not holding that orlv tho
WORKER should have place in society or
lhs' the worker is alone compctont ,o
manage Industry. The trade unions have
P"SSeo from the defensive position that
'"ey mad before the war into construc,;yo
NAN socialistic state and they mean Ia ac.
eomplish the uplift Of labor bv PAIL.
mentary means
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
The Market Place

tive transaction and bet upon stocks. The
anti-bucket- shop law makes it felonious to
contract or assist in contracting for the
purchase or sale Of securities wherein the
intention is to settle on basis of prices
in the market-in other words, a bet upon
those prices. What the bucketer means is:
IF the price is reached you win; if the
price is not reached win. This would be
bad enough. if it were honestly admins
tered but the bucketer has 10 intention
that the bcttor shall ever win.
bet upon the price OF stock confers no
privilege upon the bcttor: he never sees
the certificate of stock and gets no rights
from it. But the buyer owns the share and
has title in it, whether paid for in full or
only by payment down. the rules Of the ex-
change providing that the buyer shall be
entitled to receive all interest. dividends
rights and privileges, except voting power,
which may pertain to the securities CON
tractcd for"
Since 1900 it is estimated that tho wealth
Of the United States hus grown 100 per
cent. or the $35 100000 Of bonds and
$50, 600, 100000 Of stocks outstanding and
representing wealth Of the country, a little
more than onc-thrd Of stocks 1880 ,00O,-
600. and little over re-fourth. or st7 BOO
600, 600 Of bonds, are listed on the New York
Stock Exchange. These listngs do not in
cludo $8500,OO00 c0 of government bonds or
the Liberty Loan issues Mr.. Martin est-
mates that the banks Of the country hold
approximately $15, 500 goo GOO in stocks and
bonds and The assurance companies SO ,OOO.-
100000
One chapter is given TO discussion of
t5e Small investor" and how his opera
lions in the stock market are taken care of
through partial payment schemes and odd
lot spccialtics Under the heading "Market
Opportunities" the author declares that
Wall Street is not . tipping bureau, and
then goes into de.2ils regarding the differ
ent kind of securities traded in on the ex-
change. Other points taken up are margin
trading, the relations between broker and
customer short selling, tools and terms of
Wall Street and cautions and precautions.
One bit of advice given is: Market ex-
tremes arc to be avoided; financial writer's
advise against buying when the market has
just had large rise, or selling when it has
had great decline. While the man does
not live who can t;X definite rule as to
when to buy or when TO sell, that attributed
20 Baroa Hothschild seems to be good as
any: Buy when others sell: sell when
Others ou.' Some az the other admonitions
are: One should be careful about ACCEPT
ing advice from. tipstcrs, also Don't be-
lievc all you read and Great care should
be shown in the selection of both broker
and stock
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
M

w Wall ' Sre "1 tine there o'}. is r"%Hs G
conjured up 4 place where the bulls
and the bears and the lambs romp and play
a place where fortunes are made and lost
in the twnkling OF an eye. a place where
the innocent investor of money has no bust
ness to be. That is far from the fact
Wall Street is really a surprisingly safe
place for the investor, if only he will take
the trouble to make sure that he is deaf
ing with legitimate house before parting
with his money.
The New York Stock Exchange may be
considered the storm centre around which
the business Of Wall Street and the coun-
try, for that matter, convergcs. 1t is The
place where paper representing billions of
dollars equity in leading railway indus
trial and other corporations is bought and
sold
Most persons ignorant Of the work
ings OF the New York Stock Exchange That
IS why in recent years the exchange man
agement has sought the best channels of
publicity, for they have realized that their
institution should be cleared Of many of
the black marks that have been chnIkcd
">"'''fN ~. nv New OIk NtOCk fHCnHnEp,
written by II. S. Martin, assistant secretary
Of the New York Stock Exchanges and pub
lishcd by Francis Emory Fitch nc is the
latest work to be added to the literature Of
stock exchange and stock market informa-
ton. Mr. Martins book il both interesting
and illuminating and was written with the
idea Of prcscntng the story Of the cx-
change. n discussion Of the business done
and the safeguards provided By tho OK
change, for the instruction Of the laymnn
who has little knowledge Of such Matters
As would naturally be expected, Mr.. MAY
tin has written tho book from the view
point OF the stock Exchange.
In the beginning the exchange is de-
Tended against the criticism and charges
that it fosters harmful speculation.
Examination shows that all business
is speculation, ana that the business Of
speculation is a trade, just as any other
business is trade; that to be successful
in a business or trade the laws of that bust
ness or trade must be known and followed"
says Mr.. Martin, in the forcword. OK
animation also shows that the laws of BUSH
ness govern in speculation; that what
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
Fast Piling Up
ut Debts by Rails

Alter making the above explanation of his
motives in taking over the railroads, Presi-
oent Carranza admitted that the National
hall"ays OF Mexico were debtors for capi-
tal and interest matured up to July 1. 1917.
Tor the sum Of II 1888, 794.26 pesos" Doubt
less TINS sum has been considerably in
creased, as net earnings of the railways ap-
pear to be devoted to the expenses of gov
eminent and the payment of interest has
not been regarded as an indispensable ex
penditure" for the time being. But the
Pres dent added
ne Mexican government is responsible
for part of that sum, which is that repre-
sentlng the interest on the per cent
guarantee bonds Of general mortgage of the
National Railways, in accordance with the
organization plan of said company and the
decree OF July 6, 1907, and which will I'D to
July of the present yeas O917) amount to
the sum of s6,o89,829, United States cur
Tency.
This debt has been created by the impos
slblllty of the company meeting such obi
cations owing to the attachment of its lines
III accordance with the dispositions of the
railway law, and it possesses LEGAL status
derived from the obligations contracted bv
the Mexican government toward the holders
OF the bonds of the above referred general
mortgage"
Included in the roads taken over by the
government are:
Southern Pacific Railway of Mexico. which
owns 1,341 miles of track and is still oper-
ated through the American management rep
resenting the owners.
Mexican E. Nortbuee+or, p,;1x... w.,
pany. which controls 1876 miles of track be-
tween FL Paso and Chihuahua. or did until
the "patrotic" Villistas wrecked it. Owned
b. British capital
Mexico City e. Vera Cruz road. built nv
British capital and operating 4O2 miles of
track between port and capital On strong
diplomatic representations this property
was returned to the owners by the Mexican
government September /, 1916 Attacks NV
the patriotic" followers of Felix Daz and
Zapata interrupted traffic to such an extent
that the government resumed control March
81. 1917.
The American owned Kansas City. Mexico
q Orient Railway, with 34o miles of track.
has not changed hands.
The Director General Of The Congtitu-
uonalist Railways is an engineer Alberto
}. PAM, who also is Secretary Of Commerce.
Industry and Labor in President Carranza's
cabinet. His last budget for repairs dig.
closed the following items, the figures
standing for pesos: Tracks, 27,393,6i7, in
which are included the purchase of 10000
cross tics. s6,67i tons Of rails, tools, etc;
repair and reconstruction Of buildings. p
$4,000; bridges, 1858 900 O4s; new rolling
stock. 100000; repair Of rolling stock now
IN use, 100000; new fuel stations 7s9 900;
small buildings, loading stations, fences.
etc, $4,000. Tic tota! bill would be on this
estimate 81 ,s73.665 pesos.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
Minimum Wage
Is Proposed

Women shall not be physically ovcrtsxed
during three months Immediately preceding
parturition; shall necessarily enjoy a period
Of rest for month following parturtion,
with full pay. with retention Of employment
and the rights they may have acquired un-
der their contracts. During the period of
lactaton they shall have two halfhour rest
periods daily in which 20 nurse their chill
dren.
The minimum wage shall be sufficient to
satisfy the normal needs of the life of the
workman, his education and his lawful
pleasures, considering him as the head of
family, according to conditions prevailing in
the region where he may reside.
The provisions so far quoted are in ac-
cord with the most advanced labor legis-
lation of the day in other countries than
Mexico. and will not be objected to.
lie Courier du Mexique" had in mind
such paragraphs Section TX, which
reads
THE determination of the minimum
wage and of the rate of profit sharing
described in Clause VI I'm all agricuI-
tural, commercial, manufacturing or mining
enterprises the woIkmen shall have the
right 70 participate in the prohtsD shall
be made by special commissions to be ap-
pointed in each municipality and to be
subordinated to the Central Board of con-
citation to be established in each state
Other sections providing for employers
liability, hygiene and sanitation, legaliza-
ton OF unions and syndcates, recognition
CO the rights of workmcn and employers
Ia strike and IA loci, ont arbitration oad
Cancellation of labor disputes, social insur-
ance, cooperative associations for building
purposes. etc, viii be found in The laws
Of New Zealand and other progressive COM
monwealths.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

granted TO private companies. IL most
cases these concessions provided for the
automatic return Of the roads to The gov
eminent after ninet. years, OH compensa-
tlon for rolling stool. buildings and ma
terials on hand at the date Of transfer.
The government began buying stock in the
three most important lines toward the
close of the last century, and in 1906, hav-
ing united the three most important lines
under the name of the National Railways
of Mexico. and owning sos per cent of the
stock. extended its control over other
roads. In 1910, when President Diaz re-
tired, the government owned or controlled
$500 miles of track. There remained under
private ownership $500 miles, of which
1000 was local narrow gauge of relatively
small Importance. TO be exact the gov
eminent was majority stakeholder in
system comprising the National Railroad
of Mexico the Mexican international, the
Hidalgo and Northeastern, the Vera Cruz
and lsthmus, the Pan American. the Mexi-
can Southern, and operated the Inter
oceanic Railway Of Mexico under lease.
Most of the stock not government owned
was held by Americans who were also in
tcrcstcd largely in all other important
Iinos
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
British Would Operate ON Society
To Remove the Germs of Bolsheyism
Than lin Management and
the tof Propose
Alan,O Observer and Weakness the Whitley Plan

and the man who is employed is not
brought about in England. 1t will be dras-
tic, because otherwise the present labor
leaders will have to give way to the Boil
shevsts. No half measures and no prom
Uses will satisfy the British worker He
wants a complete social programme and
share in both the management and the
fruits of industry.
Such a looking forward to new relation
would create almost a reign of terror in the
United States but the most successful Of
The English employers do not view the
change with the slightest anxiety. They
know English history and they know that
down years ago The fcudal system. After
few protests they fell in with Lloyd
Georges social policies OF before the war,
those who held land in Ireland have been
satisfied to have that taken from them by
the government at an appraised value and
generally the whole English body polite,
while grousing horribly at every change, is
remarkably open minded when the change
actually happens. And the employers with
open minds are those who Will day meet
with the labor men and force the rccalci-
trants into line. | have talked with many
of these men; few hope for a return to
old conditions, and there is also a somewhat
the war should be great thing in teaching
workpcoplc to obey their masters. These
protagonists are mostly in their dotagc.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

Az
~ toned as to what he would do if
person tainted:
Il should give him some brandy he
answered readily.
"But suppose you had none pressed the
doctor.
Then should promise him some came
the quick reply.
That young man might easily have quail
fed as an expert adviser TO the British gov
eminent during the past four years; when
ever the workingman showed signs of
fainting he got stimulant in the way of
higher wages and promise of quite a num-
Der of other things in the near future Also
he was told that he was winning the war.
| think we got win the war; advertis
ing idea from England. The posters
still about, telling you that sugar, coal,
ships, war savings stamps and bonds would
win the war, but most particularly was it
impressed upon the workers that they were
winning the war and that service in the
shops was no less honorable than service in
the trenches.
Now the men out of the army-thc men
who know that they won the warfare again
IN inc ranks OF LABOR ana inc WnOlC lot OF
them are asking most pointcdly what they
won in winning the var the right to
starve, which they might have achieved
without conscious exertion, or the right to
live decently in the country which they
saved. In other words, they arc asking for
the brandy which was not on hand at the
time of their fantness, but which was
promised to them for a later date They
have been striking to get that brandy. A
strike is settled one day here, but another
one breaks out somewhere else the next
day. If one section has its dispute settled
by grant of shorter hours and higher
wages. the next industry strikes to get
something better, and so on around the
trade union circle. Outside this circle are
the Bolshevists, who are daily increasing.
and they strike only to cause trouble for
capital, and nobody quite knows where trade
unionsm ends and Bolshevism begins. And
the difficulty is that both capital and labor
have certain number of insane spirits who
talk quite a good deal of what they would
do right speedily to end it all
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
u. 5. Rail Holdings
In Mexico Large

In 1902 it was estimated by the American
Consul General that 70 per cent of the
$500,000000 American capital invested in
Mexico was in railroads. Five years later.
according to our Department of Labor and
Commerce, the American investments had
grown to S750OOO,O0O, of which two-thirds
was in rails. BY 1912 Consul Marion
Lctchcr, at Chihuahua, estimated the total
American investments in Mexico at 81 1857
100000 and British investments at S321.-
100000. According to his figures, railroad
Investments were as follows:
American capital ....... S235, 49,, 900
British capital ........... S123SOOO
Mexican capital ........... 125,C0O, 900
Holdings in railroad bonds:
American capital ....... S4OS. $4,000
British capital .......... S7,6SO,0OO
Mexican capital .......... 12,275,O0O
But while Mr.. Letcher's figures are gen.
orally accepted as correct in regard to the
amount OF American, British and Mexican
capital invested in rails, he appears to have
overlooked the fact that the French have in
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
By l.. J. de Becker
Copyright, 1919. New York Tribune Inc.

EXICO CITY. April 2.-Railway
development in Mexico began
Y during the rule of Porfirio
OiaZ uuder concessions Ia
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

London.
copyright. 1914 New York Tribune Incl
YOUNG man who had lately Joined
~ the X. A. NJ. c. was being ques-
~ toned as to what he would do If
- xor,or g.;
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1919-02-18
COLD WEATHER NOT
so SEVERE ON TIRES

In at least the one item of tire
expense may the careful motorSt
who runs his cost OF upkcep is less
than during the warmer months OF
The year. The United States Tire
eompany's ten cars have demon.
s,ratcd that the lower temperatures
have a beneficial effect on tires. This
good effect was proved during the
long, bitter winter OF last year when,
In spite OF bad snow and ice condi>
tions, the tire tests produced mile
ages in excess of summer tests
This rule applies 10 sections where
the driver IS confronted with only
the ordinary bad road conditions
growing out of snow and ice and
frozen highways. The extra pound.
ing which a tire gets appears to be
offset by lcSscning OF irictional
heat
To the driver who must drive his
car over rough roads, deeply cut into
ru,s, winter presents a decidedly diff.
fercnt problem and only the most care
full driving will make IL possible for
him TO get a full return on his tire
investment
An especial effort should be made
10 keep out Of ruts which plunge the
wheel into rnt deeper than the rim
OF the tire. Where progress canno,
I )e made except through deep ruts, do
not let the tire grind along the sides
of the ru,, because the side walls Of
the strongest tires feel quickly the ei-
feet Of such treatment.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1919-02-18

taken BY the vigilance committee oi
the Advertising Ga, ol 10, Angeles
for the protr 'ron Of tJc public
In the future it viii be- legal n
that u'y 20 advertise "serold,' IN
tire, or any,h.ng else. unless there Is
displayed N connection wiih iHc al.
,er,scmcn, the fact that the mer.
chandlsc is defective
1h, ordinance. which was backed
by 'hr vigilance committee II the Al.
vert, ns c'n, OF l.' Angeles, pro.
,idcd penalty OF iinc up 10 $50
and cost. 'u which mIy hc added a
lclm ml .x month. IN al
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1919-02-18
Sale of "SccondS"
Is Approved by
advertising Men

There is no objection 10 selling an
lomublc tire seconds" SO long as
they are sold a, such. suggests a bul
lcin which has Just been isIod b'
the National Vigilance tonru',,c oi
the American Advertising Cub, oi
the World. in winch the lmmuce de-
,Dr'bcs forward step that has been
The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1919-12-30
THEY ARE 4 MYSTERY.

'Nuf,ntl:y knows exactly what
Nitanjnes *. no nna las; j,ccn
able get to catch one. None arc
or exhibit n ihe national muse
AIMS. Bur. still, it is known .!,at
they exist.
1t is rr@sty definitely under
stood ;h:.j v;:;.1lliti<'S do cxi>>t a.?d
jn:tt tle lack 81 them produces
pcila-ra. In c1st!oa t3rirg .y as
certain what part r'' lar frr,! is
'ackiag peculiar Substance. We ar
rive ri conc'uSion>; by r!it::inating
one food after aIlDi her. a.d ;I!.1,
ing mp another for c>sasitjcra-
tion.
Al he prescott >i,an, %eiGri<:alsr
ti"'jr X nnder consideration. III i:
Hour Is cons luHr;:D;t, 81: q =: X. ~,
price is out IT al },"n;,ortitI:1o 49,
intrinsic value. It'$ a lazy Nrcn.-
IN $ delight. Any wpnlun wife i:
lo"l enough to pay tie Eio,3 tr~GSt
~ 10 ~ Pc. cont. ;nGT" for !, las.
ut H"ur bcc;s'i+r IT, 4, too lay t.
put q. tea~punni1l! Ct Ial1in. pow
der lii a quart of -four ought. t.,
have the pci;agra. ~ :~"t. : !"
ought never 20 be az ~pra,1i..,~
terms with Eitatf!rr,-