davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1919-11-30

chemists who guard their processes
very carefully so that competitors
cannot. learn their methods. These
buttons are dried in wire trays and
are subjected to considerable heat
They are polished by means of felt
lined barrels, by polishing stones and
by hand.
The taking of bath in the Sang
anon river in Illinois by ]. +. Boep-
pie in July, 1887, was the beginning
of the pearl button industry in this
country, which has since developed
to marvellous extent, more pearl
buttons now being made than all
others.
Boepple cut his foot while plunginG
around in the river and, being of
curious temperament, he sought to
ascertain the cause, and to his amaze
ment found the bottom OF the river
to be covered with mussel shells.
They, were exactly what he had been
looking for since coming to America
from his home in Ottensen, Germany.
near Hamburg, where he had been
employed as turner and button
worker. few years before leaving
there fellow worker brought to the
shop small box of shells Of an en-
tirely different kind of which they
had any knowledge. He said they had
bren shipped to his father years before
from some place in America about
200 miles southwest of Chicago. At
odd times he experimental on the
shells and convinced himself they
would make good buttons. The fol-
lowing year he packed up his tools
and small turning lathe and en-
barked for America, determined to
find the place that produced such
wonderful shells. Tho use of the
river rs a bath tub produced tho hid
den treasure, which today enables the
FOND mother to place wee pearl but
ton on her baby's first nightie and
the undertaken to fasten the shrouds
OF departing ones with pearl buttons.
1t has also made 1t possible for every
body to use pearl buttons during all
stages of life between babyhood and
old age.
Boepplo inaugurated the present
great pearl button industry by start
ing factory at Muscatine, Iowa, in
1891.
1t Is fact, however. that in the
late eighties pearl button factories
were in operation in Cincinnati, Ohio.
and st. Paul, Mimi, but they used
imported ocean-pearl shells, although
their plants were on the banks Of ex-
cellent shell bearing streams. 1t is
one Of the strange ironies Of life that
workingman had to travel 5000
miles to show these people that thou
sands OF tons Of raw material were
at their front doors.
The demand for shells for button
making has brought into existence
tho mussel fishery industry. The men
engaged in mussel fishing gather
from 10000 to 10000 tons Of shells
annually worth from 100000 to
$1,000.o0o. In addition to this they
find from 100000 to 100000 worth
of pearls every year.
There are approximately 500 spe-
cies of fresh water mussels In tho
United States. The commercial spe-
cies are practically restricted to
flowing waters derived from the
drainage Of limestone regions. Such
waters include most of the streams
OF the Mississippi basin and some of
those Of the great lakes and gulf
drainages. Hero tho mollusk finds
an abundance Of lime. as well as Of
food, with the depths of water. cur
rents and other conditions favorable
TO it's reproduction and growth. Many
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
INSURINC SHIPS
GOOD BUSINESS
War Risk Bureau Make.
$4,000, 900 Profit in
Five Years.

A profit of s17ooo.ooo is shown by th'
Marines and Seamen's Division Of th'
War Risk Insurance Bureau. which
closes its books June 9. the Treasur,
Department has announced.
The division, which was organized
for business September 2. 1914. in
sured American ships. cargoes ant
crews against submarine losses.
The vast profit represents a gain o.
36 per cent. The divisions revenue
from premiums totalled $46. 1856 or
cargoes and bottoms. and sS42.14S or
premiums paid by sailors.
In addition the division closes its
books with surplus of $50,0o0000, q
sum equal to that appropriated by
Congress to set 1t up in business.
The division paid losses on 1o2 YES
sells
The insurance policies written to-
tailed s.. .167 ,3s7, ,SS4 on cargoes and bot.
toms, and s321. .s57. 40 on personal poll
cies of seamen.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
MAIL CAR PLANE
TOFLY over DC.
Washington to Be Station
on New U. S. Aerial
Route.

FIRST mail-car built airplane In
the world may traverse the aerial
man route between Washington and
New York and Chicago
Bios opened yesterday in the Of
nee OF Otto Praeger, second as
sistant postmaster general, Post
once Department, disclosed the fact
that Lawson Air Line Company of
milwaukee,, Wis, had designed a
mah-car airplane for aerial mail
service. This bid was the lowest
OF eight of the best known. air
plane builders in the country.
Awards will be made within ten
days
Motors will be installed by the
soVernment 1t is believed the
Liberty Motor will be selected. In
tne specially planned mail-car
pane Tor the first time in the his
tory OF aerial mail flights. a mail
clerk has been provided for.
a piplane In structure, the chassis
mas been built between the two wings
with motor space provided at each
side. A chief pilot, an assistant pilot.
VINO VIII also be a skilled mechanic.
and the mail clerk will be carried.
Enough space has been given so that
the men can walk around in the glass
enclosed body. A rack has been de-
signed In which mail may be dis
triouted during the fiighL Mail bags
can ;oe discharged at principal cities
oy means Of drop chute.
IL Is expected that a model of the
proposed planes will be in Washington
soon to demonstrate to postoffice Of
ncials just what can be accomplished
by this craft.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
C. ". U. HONORS
SCHOOL HEROES
Gold Star" Memorial and
Whitman Celebration
Are Combined.

George Washington University
yesterday paid impressive tribute
to her eight students who gave
their lives in the world war. The
memorial exercises were comb ed
with the unfversity's celebration
the centennial of the birth?f Wal
Whitman, the poet of dei.iocracy.
They were held on the grounds at
the rear of the Arts and Science
Building. 2023 G street northwest.
Brief eulogies of the gold star
students were read as soon as the
American flag had been raised to
the top of the staff on the univer-
sity grounds. The dead heroes are
Lieut.. Clarence Andrew Knutson, of
the school of graduate studies:
Lieut.. George Edward Bell, OF Co.
lumbian College: Lieut.. Roy Olin
Carver. of Columbian College:
Lieut.. wilmarth Brown. of the law
school; Lieut.. Harris Earle Petree.
of the law school; Lieut.. James Err
nest Bowyer. of the college of en-
gineering; Ensign Delozier David
son. of the law school. and Private
Carl o. Minor, of Columbian Col
lege.
The Walt Whitman address was
delivered by Langdon E. Mitchell.
poet and playwright. and a son of
the late DIR. S. Weir Mitchell. the
famous novelist. He paid high trib-
ute to the poet of democracy. whom
Washington claims as its literary son.
Veterans of the civil, Spanish
American and world wars and MEM
bers of various patriotic organiza-
tions were the guests of honor.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
Navy Yard News

The Navy Yard was well represent
ed at Rock Point, Md, Saturday.
Some of those that made good catch
es of hard-head and white perch were
William Norriss. master mechanic of
the cartridge case shop: McKenney.
chief chemist; the Marine sergeant
who has been orderly for the last
four or five commandants, and
Sam Schreeve. master mechanic of
the coppersmith shop.
Charles Hausman and George P.
Downs had some good sport. Charles
Hausman, who holds the record for
catching variety of fish. caught hard
head, white perch. catfish, trout and
toadfish.
Louis Ortman, of the west gun car
riage shop, has purchased a new su-
tomobile.
Jim" Corbett, of the new tool shop,
spent his holiday at Solomons Island.
o. J. Berg, of the broadside mount
shop. enjoyed the weekend at his
home in Wilmington, Del.
Our old friend Doc Anderson. Of the
supply department. has returned to
work after attending the fair at Ha-
gerstown. having been quite interest
ed in the colts.
Charles Bright, of the supply de-
partment. soloist at St. John Church,
sang at a recent recital at Aeolian
Hall. New York. He was engaged
to sing with the Minneapolis Sym
phony Orchestra.
Wesley James, OF the west gun car
riage shop. spent the holidays at At
lantic City.
Dave Taylor, of the tool shop. ac-
companied by his mother and niece,
motored to Hagerstown, Md, Friday.
H. C. Lybrand, of the supply de-
partment. after a short trip through
Maryland, has returned to work.
F. N. Padgett, of the Shipping Board.
with his family, has returned from
a weekend trip to Harpers Ferry.
p. Horn. of the supply department,
recently discovered a fire in his home,
but little damage resulted.
r. B. B. Cogan, of the broadside
mount shop. has returned TO work
after his recent honeymoon.
M. A. Flynn, of the sight shop, hav-
ing been out for two weeks, is steadily
improving.
Fl. A. Meyer. Of the sight shop, has
returned after a recent operation,
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
WILL BENEFITS
| D. c. CHURCHES
W. G. Griffith Makes Many
Bequests to Catholic
Institutions Here.

Numerous Catholic charitable or
CARNATIONS and institutions named
oeneficiaries in the viii OF Michael ].
Grimth. who died May Is. The will
was hied for probate yesterday in the
ONCE of the Register Of wills.
oaroinai Gibbons is remembered
with g1ft OF 500. Sadie v. Chaplin,
Duward A: Eliery and Ella Ellery are
Wiued 700 EACH. Julia z. Harris Is
,eft 300; Frances p. Ellery and Mary
EiIery are bequeathed s1ts each.
St Paul's Church is 10 receive 500:
81 Augustine's Church. 500: Church
Of the Sacred Heart, 500; Bureau of
Catholic Indian Missions, $500; st.
Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum, $500;
81 Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum,
ZOO; Little Sisters of the Poor, $500;
FRANCES B. Mclaughlin, 500; Sister
Stephanie. of st. Joseph's Asylum,
sloo;' Eliza beth McCleary, 800: st. Vim
cent De Paul Society, of st. Paurs
church. $50; st. AIMS Infant Asylum,
s5o; Catholic Home for Aged Ladies',
soo: Catholic Home for Dependent
children, $50. and $50 each to the Holy
ramily Nursery. National Shrine of
tne immaculate Conception and the
franciscan Monastery.
The remainder of the estate is de-
vised to niece. Mrs. Mary E. Fisher
or lafayette. Ind, and Frances p.
and Mary E. Ellery. Michael J..
Coughlin Is named executor.
MRS. Mary Jaeschke, widow of
Charies Jaeschke. who died February
II. Is named sole beneficiary in her
husoand's will. The estate includes
premises. 1877 Potomac avenue south
east. The sons. John H. and Fred A.
Jaescnke, are named executors.
EVa N, Julia A. and Fannie NJ
Gilbert. nieces of Addie M. Gilbert.
who died May q. are sole beneficiaries
IN their aunts will. The estate in
cludes premises. al Fourth street
northwest.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
SENATE TO War
ON LIVING COSTS
Agriculture Committee Will
Investigate All Food
Prices.

Sweeping investigation of the causes
of the high cost Of living VIII be
undertaken by the Senate Agriculture
Committee Of the new Congress.
The government wheat corporation.
which handled millions of dollars
worth of wheat and flour during the
war, will come in for scrutiny soon,
Republican Senators declare.
Packers, charged by members of the
committee with attempting to corner
virtually all food staples. also will be
on the Senate grill early.
Out of these hearings will be framed
bills designed to make life less weary
for the ultimate consumer, Chairman
Gronna. of the Senate Agriculture
Committee said yesterday.
'T bought bread samples in sew
eral small towns recently. and af-
ter weighing them I found that
housewives buying that bread were
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
NEGRO LAUGHS, DURING
HIS TRIAL FOR MURDER

With his face wreathed in smiles.
Frank Bowman. coiored. told a jury
yesterday in Criminal Court No.
how he shot and killed Clarence J.
Keefer In the woods near Brookiand,
ID. c.. on July 6. 1915.
During his testimony Bowman
smiled so loudly that Assistant Dis
trict Attorney ]. J. O'Leary reminded
Bowman that numbering a man is no
laughing matter.
The defense of the coio-ed man. who
Is accused of first degree murder, -
that Keefer followed him in the
woods and annoyed him by pulling
his leg while he was seated on the
ground. Angered. Bowman pulled his
gun and fired. Keefer kept advancing,
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
DOG KILLS MAD CAT
THAT BIT 3 CHILDREN

Three Washington children are to-
day being treated at the Hygienic
Laboratory against rabies. All the
children were attacked by mad
|dened cat. the first instance of this
character that has been recorded by
the health department this year.
The children were playing In their
yards when the cat attacked them
The animal was killed hy a pet dog.
Experts said the dead animal had in
dications of rabies.
The children are William e. Smith.
10 years old. 652 C street northeast; /;
Hazel and May Tilghman. $50 C street
northeast.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
Bankers Would Aid Yanks
in Sending Pay Home

Branch banks at each rehabilitation
center are proposed in an arrange
ment between the Red Cross and the
American Bankers' Association. ap-
proved by the War Department
The banks will receive such money
as soldiers may turn over to them
on their discharge, and will send the
money. free OF charge, to the soldiers
home banks or relatives.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
Whole Band Is Wanted
By American Warships
The navy wants musicians.

The navy wants musicians.
A whole band is wanted for the
U. s. S. Pittsburgh. which is scheduled
10 sail on a cruise of inoefinite length
to European waters on June IL.
One bandmaster is needed, along
with four first musicians. fifteen musi-
clans first class and twelve musicians
second class
The L. s. S. Pittsburgh is lying at
the Portsmouth IN. H.) navy yard
and accepted applicants will be sent
through from this city to Portsmouth.
Applications should be addressed to
the Z. S. Navy Recruiting Station.
S06 Ninth street northwest
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03

paying at the rate Of So . barreI
for -FOUR" Senator Grpnna said.
I'VE have got to cut that price
down. II there is no other way.
then we must have community
bakeries and cooperative stores.
The middlemen are adding too much
to the price the farmer gets"
Anti-packer legislation IL being
prepared, and both Republican and
Democratic Senators on the COM
mittee will work for its enactment.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
U. 5. to Ask Protection
Of Americans in Mexico

Permanent protection of American.
against raids by Yaoui Indians m
Mexico Is TO be asked of President
Sarrsnza by the American Embassy
IN Mexico City. the State Depart
ment announced yesterday.
The embassy has been directed "a
request that a Mexican federal forrs
sufficient TO insure adequate protec-
ton Of Americans be placed in the
Yaqui territory.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
Panama Assenbly Protests.

Resolutions adopted by the assem-
bly, Of the Republic OF Panama pro-
testing against changing the name
Of Panama Canal to the Roosevelt
Canal were presented to the Senate
yesterday,
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
States will Get A. E. F. Colors.

Colors of demobilized national guard
and national army organizations are
to be forwarded to the recruiting Of
ficer nearest the State capital in
which the colors are to be deposited.
the War Department has announced.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03

ne said, until II was Necessary 10 Ar,
= second and fatal shot 10 self-de-
The case probably wfil 70 % N.
jury today. Attorney Robert l. Mine,
Is counsel for Bowman
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
Wants Ship and Fish Portfolio.

Creation of n department of Mer-
chant marine and fisheries with q
Cabinet officer at its head, is propos-
ed in House resolution introduced
by Representative Walsh. of Massa-
chusetts.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
British Beauty We'd.

London. June 2.-Lady Diana Man.
ners.. the best known beauty in Brit.
ish society, was married in st. Mar
garets. Westminster, this afternoon
to Lieut.. Alfred Dun Gordon, of the
Grenadier Guards.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03
Confederate Vets Get U. S. Cot,

The House yesterday authorized the
Secretary of War to provide army
cots free for use of the Confederate
Vets in their annual encampment at
Dawson, Ga.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03

Fl. A. Meyer. Of the sight shop, ha.
returned after a recent operation.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03

M. A. Flynn, Of the sight shop, hav.
ing been out for two weeks. is steadily
improving.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-03

r. B. B. Cogan, of the broadsid,
mount shop. has returned TO worl
after his recent honeymoon.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11
Chittem Bark From
SiuSlaW Forest Sold

A. c. Lake, of Noti, has bought ten
tons stumpage of chittem bark out in
the Siuslaw forest on the watershed
of the Smith river, says the Eugene
Guard. He is paying 81 cents per
pound. Bids had been advertised
several days ago by the district for
esters office in Portland. This is the
first minor product Of enough i'm
portance to be advertised for bid by
the government in the reserve.
Peeling of the bark will be done by
homesteaders in the region who are
glad to have an opportunity OF pick
ing up some real cash, according to
District Forest Ranger G. T. McCas-
kie, Of the Sluslaw forest. They will
be paid by the sack. Transportation
of the bark will be a bit difficult,
as 1t must be packed by horse or sled
to a wagon road and hauled fifteen
miles further to the railroad.
The season for gathering the bark
lasts from May until September. The
trees will be cut, leaving stumpage
not higher than six inches with the
bark intact around the same. The
bark is then peeled from the trees
and tied in bundles and carried to the
drying grounds, where It shrinks
ope-half within three days. Then
It is sacked and carried out, after
being chopped up small with a feed
cutter.
The tree grows chiefly in the Coast
mountains yof Oregon and Washing
ton and to a less extent on the west
slope of the Cascades. 1t requires
great deal of moisture and grows
principally in the bottoms of can
yons. 1t is killed by the shade of
Douglas fir and other confer trees,
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11
u. S. Department of Labor

altho 1t is tolerant of the shade Of
the alders.
; More than 100000 pounds of cas-
cara bark stumpage were sold from
the Siuslaw national forest and a
lesser amount from other national
forests last year.
The wholesale price for the bark,
which is used extensively in the drug
business for its yield of cascara, is
now about 1S cents a pound. Cascara
trees are small, averaging less than
40 feet in height and rarely as large
as 20 inches in diameter. No trees
are cut having a diameter of less
than four inches, but the limbs are
peeled down to one inch in diameter.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11
.Scab Spraying For
Apples and Pears


For the past two seasons apple
and pear scab has not been very
prevalent and we have had only a
few orchards In the valley that have
been seriously infected, and II we
we're certain that we would have a
very dry spring 1t might not be nee
essary to do any scab spraying to
speak Of, but 1t is much easier and
cheaper to prevent the infection Of
scab than 1t is to control 1t after
orchards have been infected, there
fore we are recommending an appli-
cation of lime and sulphur, one TO
twenty-five on Newtown apples In
the pink stage" The pink stage
is Just coming on now In most parts
Of the valley and will probably last
for a week or ten days, and apple
orchards that have not been sprayed
recently with the dormant strength
should be sprayed at this time with
lime sulphur, one to twenty-five. If
necessary the full dormant strength
llme-sulphur can be applied on ap-
pies for the next ten days. Where
growers have just finished the dor.
mant spray 1t will not be necessary
to make another application at this
time unless they know that scab has
been prevalent for the last two
years.
Pear Scab.
Only few pear orchards in the
valley have been infected with scab
and usually Winter Nelis have suf-
fered the most and the Nelis are in
just about the proper stage for what
is known as the pink application"
For pear scab spraying at this time
use lime sulphur, one to thirty-five.
Do not spray while trees are in full
bloom, but 1t will do no damage to
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11
Yanks OfEBritish
ArmylRetuln, Home

After serving with British troops
many Oregon men returned Monday
night on the steamer Mauretania.
Some of them have been in the fight
ing for four years or more and bore
the scars of Ypres, Arras, Albert,
Mons and Flanders. A few of them
were more than 45 years old and
had Joined up" with the British
army because their own country con-
sidered them too old to fight; others
enlisted with the British only after
being rejected several times in the
United States. Altogether the Maure-
tania brought 27OO of the repatriat-
ed American soldiers who we're most
ly from the Middle West and East
ern states.
The returning Tommies brought
many souvenirs and when their ship
warped into her pier they threw
them at the Red Cross workers, Sal
walton Army lassies and others who
were there to greet them. Especially
sent to make their Homecoming hap.
py for these 'laddies from hell" was
band of Scotch Highland bagplpers
whose warm colorful greeting
brought tears to the eyes OF many.
The ship got lost in the fog and
did not dock until much later than
she was scheduled. Among THE Ore
gonians on board the Mauretania ap-
peared the name of Robert McGreg-
or of Ashland.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11
NTERURBAN AuroCAR 90.

Leave Ashland for Medford, Tai
ent and Phoenix daily except Sunday
at 900 a, m. and IL a. m. and 100,
400 and 5:15 p. m. Also on Satur-
day night at sac. Sundays, leave
at 800 a. M, 1890, 1880 and $3.50
Y. m.
Leave Medford for Ashland daily
except Sunday at 500 and 10 a. m,
and 100. 400 and Sis p. m. Also
on Saturday night at 1915. On Sun
days 10:3o a. m. 1880. $3.50 and
$3.50 p. m.
Fare between Medford and Ash
land, 80 cents. Round trip so cents
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11

spray when a few of the first buds
are blooming out.
Aphis Spray.
II you have been troubled with
Aphis in the past season and have
not applied the dormant spray, now
is a good time to add Nicotine Sui
phate to the pink spray" at the
rate of a pint of nicotine to a hun
dred gallons of spray 1t will be
very difficult to control aphis after
they have curled the leaves, and you
can save money by spraying for them
at this time.
Date: April s, 1919.
CLAUDE c. CATE, County Agent.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11

II the orchard is to have a coat OF
manure this spring get the work done
as soon as time and weather permit.
Then plow the ground as soon as It
has dried out enough to be in good
plowing condition. II there is a COW
er crop 1t will use much OF the soil
water and hasten the drying out Of
the ground. 1t should be watched
carefully and not allowed to get too
large nor to dry out the ground too
much before the plowlng is done.
Harrow the ground within a day or
two after plowlng and harrow at
least every two weeks thruout the
season.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11
Seattle Man Heads
Centenary Drive

Frank C. Jackson, a prominent
business man of Seattle, will head
the financial drive of the Methodist
centenary, May 1926, for $105,O00,-
900 for home and foreign missions
and for war reconstruction work for
the next five years.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11

Give the strawberries early cultl-
vation and clean out the weeds.
About blossoming time stop cultlva-
tion and mulch the entire ground
with straw or other vegetable mat
ter free from weed seed to protect
the berries from dirt and grit.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11

Harrisburg is a Holstein center
and incubator town.
Astoria-contract let for sS3,775
dock extension.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11

Gold Beach-Horn silver strike.
ore rs per cent pure, made on
French hill.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1919-04-11

Order the seasons supply of spray
ing materials at once. =