davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
Employer andEn1ploye
Both Suffer, Says
Louis F. Post.
Thinks Wage Conflicts
viii Continue Until Di-
Vision Is Fairer.
BY LOUIS r. POST,
Assistant Secretary of Labor.

TIME STAT. asks me what I
think is the thing or things
necessary to be done TO assure
future social ard industrial JUS
tire in America, to the end of pre-
venting Il continuance of the old con-
hict between employer and employe-
This question proposes specihc op-
ject to be attained and states in gen.
eral terms method of accomplish
ment. TO end the war between labor
and capital as the phrase often runs,
is its specific object; assurance OF
social and Industrial justice is its
method. For the purpose of this re-
ply, therefore. I assume-and do
SO without any reIuctance--that the
old conflict between employer and
employee would no longer persist If
social and industrial justice were as
sured. What. then, is the thing or
things that must be done to assure
social and industrial justice?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19

the famous phrase Of Louis XIV.
Letat. c'est moi" but it was repeat
ed without the smallest note of per-
sonal vainglory; it was not a boast, it
was simple statement of fact.
"I Am the Opposition"
II am the opposition" he repeated.
land it is an opposition to the conduct
of the war. to the mistakes: it is an
opposition which wants things done
better, that is ALL
But those who want peaceg I
asked.
who are they?" he queried
What would happen, them" / ask
ed, trying a flank movement what
would happen if some one should ad-
vocate peace now, peace without AL
sace-Lorraine-a German peace?"
He reflected for a moment and then
said, with softness of voice which
was hardly deceptive:
IF any one should advocate peace
now, German peace, l think he
would be shot-but it would be done
decently-oh, very decently The
words were in my mind now, when
Bolo Pasha, prosecuted by the
Clemenceau government. has faced a
firing squad for seeking a German
peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
PLANNING TOCONTINJIE
WAR RISK INSURANCE
FOR FIGHTING FORCES.
Government Not Advancing Any Proposal
toExtend Privilege to Ciivilians-Risks
Now Total $37 OO0,OOO,OOO.

and sailors themselves. be made to
believe in the efficiency of the war
risk insurance bureau, If they are to
convert their policies into permanent
forms of insurance. 1t is a big task
that Col Lindsey has tackled. re-
deeming the reputation of the bureau
and making the soldiers and sailors
understand the value OF retaining
their insurance.
The rates and policy contracts have
hcen sent TO the Secretary of the
Treasury for his approval by Col
Lindsey and the announcement of
the terms is expected daily. The
term Insurance which was issued to
the rem was at a very low rate.
based on rates devised by the Amer
lean insurance companies after long
period OF years. The government.
however. undertook 10 stand the ex-
Bense of administration and the ex-
cess of mortality and disa bility cost
resulting from the hazards of war.
The rates varied according to age, the
premiums paid by the men ranging
between $3.50 at age eighteen to $402
At age SiXty-five. OF course the vast
majority of the insurance was issued to
men between eighteen and thirty-six
and averaged around SIS a year The
men We're given the privilege of taking
as much insurance as they desired, in
muitipies of $500 up to 10000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
SIR gerry is REVOLUTIONIZED
AS RESULT OF WAR TESTS
Text Book Theories Had to Be Discarded
Because Of Changes In Methods
of Warfare.

performed in the war zone. If the
standard text books and records of
past wars are consulted it will be
found they prescribe that no operat-
ing Shall be done in field hospitals.
This ruling was based on the fact
that the majority of the wounds in
past wars were made by bullets.
In this war rifle fire has been almost
entirely replaced by shells. and al
most all the wounds are from she'll
splinters or objects forced into the
body by shell explosions. In former
wars a bullet wound was usually a
clean-cut track. seldom contaminated,
Under modern warfare the nature of
the wounds has completely changed.
both In their aspect and gravity, and
they not only demand immediate
treatment.~ but treatment never
dreamed of in field hospitals of for
.mer wars.
Wounds Always Are Dirty
Instead of the smooth path of bull
let the surgeon has to deal with
fragments of shells. grenades. torpe-
does and shrapnel. Each of these
carries into the wound bits of cloth
ing which is always dirty; particles
of earth, hair. splinters and even
small pebbles, which are almost GER
tain to set up immediate infection.
The necessity for immediate treat
ment lies chiefly in, the form of the
wounds A shell fragment bruises and
mangles the flesh. causing what rap
idly becomes dead tissue and forming
Il nest for infection. To apply a
rough temporary dressing to a cavity
filled with torn and ragged tissue,
foreign matter, dirt. metal splinters
and coagulated blood is absolutely
useless
No matter how literally the wound
ed man may be douched with iodine,
it cannot penetrate all the recesses of
such wound, and the inevitable re-
suit is infection. which it may take
months to eradicate if the patient
survives
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
New Rates Not Announced.

While the new rates have not been
announced. ii is understood that they
viii be from 10 TO 90 per cent lower
than the rates charged by the Amer
lcan insurance companies, varying ac-
cordinS to the kind of policies taken.
The reason that the government Is
ahie 10 grant this insurance, which
may be considered gilt-edged. since Il
mas the whole power and wealth of
the government behind it, at such
low rates is due TO the fact that the
government proposes to say to the
men. as in the case of the term insur-
ance- the government will pay, the
entire cost of administration" II
TINS were not the case, the governs
ment would he unable, in all proba-
pilty. to furnish the men Insurance.
at cheaper rates than the life insur-
ance companies of America, which
through long years of energetic work
have brought the science of insur-
ance to fine point.
1t has been learned also that some
provisions have been included in, the
various policies which will be issued
by the government to the soldiers.
sailors and nurses which are more
favorable Than conditions which are
to be found in policies of the life in
surance companies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19

MONG the many changes which
~ the war has brought about,
~ it looks as if one of the most
important would be a com
plete revision of our present text
books for Army surgeons, ana the
introduction of new methods OF treat
ing ragged wounds. whether in mill
tary or domestic life.
Doctors at the front have FOUND
that the engines of modern warfare
asphyxiating gases. flame projectors
tear shells and the incessaht crash
of artillery fire, produce conditions in
the wounded never before known.
Shock, exhaltation, Juror and qemor-
alization and such abnormal synS
toms frequently make the employ
ment of any anesthetic dangerous.
DR.. b. Sherwood-Dun VINO was
himself wounded at the front, reiates
the case of an officer who was brought
into the front line hospital with
slight fracture of the forehead. but
suffering from profound shock. lie
was put to bed with a first aid Dress
ing without administering any an
esthetic. Later, when he was anes-
thized, he developed state OF ex-
treme exhaltation, calling upon ms
men to charge, and urging them on
with cries of encouragement and pa
triotic fervor."
Gas Gangrene Developed.
Almost without exception, all the
doctors who were sent to the front
line hospitals at the beginning of
the war had been taught that their
function was to douche all wounds
with iodine solution. apply nrst
dressing and send the patient to
base hospital for any operation that
might be necessary. AS the journey,
with repeated transfers. frequently
took ten days or two weeks, the usual
result was the development of count
less cases of gaseous gangrene. teta-
nus and fatal infections Thousands
of men lost their lives or limbs
through ignorance of the proper
treatment
During the early stages of the war
it was the universal opinion OF Army
surgeons that operations could not be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
No Provision for Civilians.

The statement that there is no pan
on foot to extend the life Insurance.
features of the soldiers and sailors
insurance to civil ans a this time can
be made authoritatively. There is no
such purpose on the part of the adj
miniStration. il is said. To undertakes
to insure the lives of all the civilians
on the same basis as those of the men
and women in the military and naval
services would be to undertake task
so vast and to place a burden upon
the taxpayers of the government, who
would have to foot the bills for the
administration of this vast amount OF
insurance. which would call forth
vigorous protests. The serious PRO-
posal of such a plan would be vigUr-
curly fought by the existing life in-
surance companies and in all probability
by a large number OF their present poll
icy holders.
The Association of Life Insurance.
Presidents, at its annual meeting re-
Gently, adopted a resolution urging
that every soldier and sailor retain
his government insurance and recon-
nendipg- that all life insurance conn
panies impress upon their agents to
do all in their power to persuade
soldiers and sailors to retain and COM.
vert their policies. They have. in
effect. declared that the government
life insurance for mel, in the service
is competitive so far as they ara
concerned. -~-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19

surance carried is $500 for all those
that have it.
The problem that now confronts the
government through the war risk in
Surance bureau is the conversion or
the temporary term insurance poll
cies into permanent insurance poll
cies. either ordinary life, twenty or
hirty-year-payment policies, or en-
dowment policies. For all of the poll
cies issued by the government are
term policies. renewable each year
and subject to conversion into per-
manent forms of insurance within
five years after the proclamation of
peace. without further medical exam
nation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
Insurance Extension Urged.

The suggestion has been made in
some quarters, however, that the gov
ernment extend the war risk insur-
ance to cover civilians, if not for life
insurance. at least SO as TO cover
health and disability insurance. and
perhaps unemployment insurance. The
plan is considered paternalistic in the
extreme, and as unlikely OF being
adopted The American Federation OF
Labor is opposed TO unemployment in-'
surance 1t believes that unemploy-
rnent problems can be solved in other
ways, particularly by keeping wages
sufficiently high to bring about the
stimulation of all the Industries which
produce for the wage earners.
The government is at present en-
gagged in closing out one branch or in
surance into which it was forced at
the outset of the war abroad, marine
insurance. In fact. the first war risk
insurance act provided merely for ma
rint insurance TO meet the perils OF
ships and cargoes which were liable
10 seizure or destruction by the bel
ligerents The shippers could not OBJ
tain adequate insurance from the prt-
waite companies in this emergency ex-
cept at prohibitive rates. The govern
ment came to the relief of the ship
ping interest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
Evil of Unearned Profits.

May it not be conceded that social
and Industrial justice falls short to
the extent that those who laboN
whether as employers or as employees,
do not get their fair share in the
division of the joint product" And
is it not indisputable that they can
not get their fair share to the extent
that any part Of their product is eX-
torted? Extortion may, indeed, be
the key to the labor conflict problem
At any rate, to follow this thought is
to get hot upon the trail of the
answer to The stars question.
Although extortion is familiar
thought to excited employers in
times of labor trouble, they apply it
altogether too readily and too exclu
sively to wage workers and their or
CARNATIONS and leaders. This appli
cation of the thought is not really
intelligent. Men whose annual wages
would hardly pay the annual theater
expenses of gentleman of leisure
cannot be accused of extortion. The
real extortioners must be looked for
in circles where idleness pays better
than working.
Gain Through Organization.
What possible powers of extortion
do wage workers have? Unorganized,
they have none at all. These workers
cannot get even what are called fair
wages" except as their organized
fellow standardize wages.
And organized wage workers can
standardize wages only by quitting
work in bodies or threatening to do SO
il fair wages are refused. Who has
the temerity to call this compulsion
"extortion"? 1t is an abuse of Ian
guage so to denounce even the high
est wages that labor organizations
have ever been able to exact.
Wage workers engaged in produc-
ton do not get what they earn. If
they did there would be nothing over
for those who exact shares in the
processes of production TO which they
make no corresponding contribution
of labor. Some make no labor contri-
button at all. ] do not say this in any
spirit of personal criticism of bene-
ficiaries of unearned wealth. The
guilt for social unfairness is social,
not personal. But the fact is, and it is
vital to The Stars question. that the
dividends of wage workers as whole
do not measure up to their contribu-
tions of labor. The only argument to
the contrary is that the Tabor mar
ket" measures wages. But a Tabor
market" crowded by hungry workers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
At Head Of the Bureau.

The government. realizing the
greatness of the task, has placed at
the head of the war risk bureau the
man who made success of handling
the war risk insurance for the SOL
diers in Europe. Col. Henry ID. Linds-
ley Col Lindsey is practical in
surance man. lie organized the
southwest and for a number of years
controlled it. Before he had been
in office here n month he took the
bull by the horns and passed upon
the forms of permanent insurance
which are to be offered the men in
substitution for their term policies.
including the rates to be asked.
Much work toward framing these
policies. of course. had been done
previous to his arrival. but nothing
had been decided. The war risk
because of its failure in connection
with the distributions of ailotments
to the dependents of soldiers and
sailors which are also provided for
in the war.risk insurance act, but are
entirely separate from the insurance
features of the measure. Thousands
of letters were pouring in To mem
bers of Congress and to the bureau
asking why the allotments were not
paid promptly. The House was on
the verge of ordering an investigation
appeared before the House committee
on rules and convinced the committee
that further opportunity should be
given the bureau to make good.
Public Confidence Essential.
ruhlic md above all the soldiers
x.,7I H., u,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19

How many of the soldiers sailors
and nurses are going to convert their
term policies. and when convert ed
keep them in force? Upon the answer
to this question depends the success
of this great life insurance Sche IN e
planned by Congress and the exec
utive department for the men and
women who risked their lives in the
service OF the country. 1t is an old
argument of the insurance man that
if ten men were lined up and told
they would go into battle he next
day and each offered AN insurance
policy for $40, 600, all would grasp at
the opportunity. That is practically
what happened when the government
insurance was offered the men during
the war. But now the war is over.
The polcyh0lders must be made to
understand the benefits of retaining
their insurance in permanent form
1t is of vast Importance to the eco
nomic and social welfare of the coun-
try that the bulk of this insurance
be converted. Life insurance has been
the greatest single developer of thrift
in the country. 1t has been conducted
by private companies, very many of
them mutual companies. Now the gov
eminent has an opportunity TO aid in
the development OF the spirit of thrift
through it's insurance of the soldiers
and sailors.
y number of bills have been intro
duced in Congress to aid the soldiers to
their term insurance policies
into permanent forms of insurance The
latest measure introduced is that OF
Mcculioch of Ohio,
which provides that all honorai,ly dis
charged officers and enlisted men of the
Army and Navy shall be relieved from
the payment of premiums on their In
issued by the war risk insur-
ance bureau for a period of two years
after their discharge Other bills grant
to the officers and men freedom from
the payment Of premiums on their in
Surance from nhle 10 SIX months, and are
intended TO give them ample opportn-
nifty to learn all about the forms OF per-
,nauent insurance into which they MAY
convert their temporary term policies
None OF these measures has Yet been
acted upon by either house OF Congress
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
Termed Kitchener a Symbol

What of Kitchener" l queried.
naming the mar. who then command
ed the British armies and was at the
moment in Paris. The question reused
Clemenceau. All of a sudden his
whole demeanor changed. he leaned
over the emplacement, for all the
world like big gun in action.
Kitchener" he said. with extreme
deliberation, but i'll tone of unmis
taxable ice, Kitchener is Il symbol"
"A SYMBOL" l asked. a little puz
zled.
Yes, a symbol. A symbol is a man
about whom some people still believe
what was never true
Here, at last, was the Tiger" the
Clemenceau of the legend. This was
the man who few months before had
said of Viviani, then premier, He
has spoken. he speaks. he will speak"
and Viviani had fallen, together with
whole cabinet of eloquence.
The conversation drifted to politics.
What of the opposition" l asked.
The opposition in the chamber" I
explained.
'Opposition?" he puzzled over that
for moment and then said. with
calmness:
But 1 am the opposition" 1t was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
HOW TIGER OF FRANCE
RETURNED TO POWER
DESPITE MANY FOES
Clemenceau Terror to the Inefficient and
Fainthearted-Simonds Tells of an In
terview With the Man of Destiny

was then repeating, but l shall not
repeat here.
We need a man; we need d gen
erai: we need man." he said, with
sullen intensity.
And Joffre?" I asked, recalling the
name of the man who then still COM
manded. hut whose sun was then
sinking rapidly.
II have nothing against him. he
said. sharply. nothing. but he is not
the man. he is not the man.
And Foch?' l inquired. naming my
own hero.
But Foch did not arrest his atten-
ton.
what of Petain. them" | inquired.
naming the man who was just com
ing to world notice as the defender OF
Nerdun and was to succeed To the
rank and power of Joffre before
Clemenceau himself. became premier.
Perhaps. l do not know him" he
replied, but we must have a man"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
BY FRANK Fl. SIMoNDs.

n EARLY three years ago. at
Nj the moment of the German
attack upon Verdun. Lon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
Frances Part in War.

"But you come to talk about the
war, about France" he said, after
moment.
We'll. ] am not going to tell you
what France is doing; / am not going
to praise France. You must look
around for yourself; you must see it
for yourself; you must feel it for
yourself"
Then, after moment, he went on.
with quickening tone:
There have been times in the past"
and he waved his hands toward the
busy street beyond the lattice win
dow, there have been times when
have despaired of my country. when
I have been afraid of the future for
my countrymen-but now. now. look
at them look at France"
Then he repeated details of the Yer
dun episode. of the tragic opening
e.g about Douaumont. which all Paris
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-19
Public Confidence Essential.

public md above all. the soldiers
u ia ai vital Importance taal the
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1919-05-09
SPENT THE NIGHT HERE

When Captain Frank Ridge Of the
Guyandot and Captain Emery Edging-
ton of the Oswego got as far as this
city yesterday afternoon with their
boats they were truly glad that the
time was up for them to land and lay
up for the night They had not for
gotten the splendid treatment accord
ed them and their crews when they
were tied up behind the ice piers here
the winter of 1917-191S and their lay
up here last night gave them an op-
portunity to get to mix it up with
the boys again" The boats are on
their way to Wheeling, where they will
spend some time in dredging the Ohio
river. They expected three Of their
crew on the train last night, and Cap
tain Ridge said he was employing only
returned soldiers. Both boats were in
the best of condition, as clean as new
pins, and left this morning on their
up-river journey.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1919-05-09
NO CHANCE FOR MAYSv|LlE
TO SEE ARMY AIRSHIPS
Breakdown In Lexington Of Flying Ma.
chimes Causes Cancellation Of En-
gagements In Maysville and
Other Cities.

For many days the people OF Mays
Vile and Mason county have been
looking for the airships. They have
been expecting them most every day
but an accident in Lexington a few
days ago held up the schedule 30 that
the flyers cannot hope to fill their en-
gagements before the close OF the loan
campaign.
Official announcement now comes
from Lexington to the effect that the
engagements for Paris, Carlisle and
Maysville have been cancelled because
Of these unavoidable accidents and the
folks here will not get to see the ma
chimes perform unless by some means
they are routed this way on their re-
turn trip to the Wright field near Day
ton, Ohio.
Advertised flights at Lexington have
been postponed from day to day until
on Thursday evening 1t was an
nounced that no further public an
nouncements Of the flights would be
made but that the ships would sail tc'
the air as soon as repairs could be
made. The names and telephone num-
bers Of Lexington people who will
take trips with the aviators were
taken and they will be called by tele-
phone when all repairs are completed
and flights can be made
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1919-05-09
SUNDAY Is TEST DAY

u Next Sunday will be a good day to
test the good done by Go-to-Sunday-
School-Day. Many who attended last
Sunday for the first time for years re-
marked that they could just as well
come as not, 1t was just case of get
ting out of the habit" Now lets get
into the habit once more. 1t will be
Mothers Day" and you could not
please your mother better, whether
she is living or passed into the bet
ter world than to 60 n Sunday SciitoL
Many, many thousands would never
see inside a Sunday School or Church
either if it were not for our sanity
mothers. Then why not show your
appreciation of her loving care for
you by attending Sunday school ard
church Sunday? Make it as big day
as last Sunday and you and Mother
will both be happy.