davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
HELP FOR COTTON INDUSTRY

To place the business of cotton ware housing on a stable basis and provide receipts for cotton that are negotiable at any bank has long been an aim of persons interested in cotton, and under the amended United States cotton ware house act this is 1lKefy to be realized. That is the opinion of men in the bureau of markets, United States department of agriculture, who are charged with is- suing federal warehouse licenses.
 The warehouse act his just been amended so as to permit the acceptance of personal bonds from warehousemen and to permit the issuance of negotiable receipts, when requested by the deposi tors of cotton in the warehouse, without stating the grade of the cotton. The grade must be stated, however, unless the request to omit it is made.
 The purpose of the warehouse act IS to create a warehouse receipt of unques- tioned value an1l one which will be ac- ceptable to all Bankers as security for obtaining loans, regardless of the location of the warehouse. In this way ware housemen will furnish a receipt to thelr customers which will be of the utmost value to them as negotiable paper, and enable them to borrow close to ihe actual value of their stored goods at cheaper interest rates Thus they may market their cotton slowly and in conformity with the needs ot the manufacturers.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
MOSAIC DISEASE AMONG CANE

The spread of Mosaic disease in Louis jana, Georgia, Florida and other gulf states during the past two years has seriously curtailed the sugar-cane crops of those sections. It is the same dis ease which in epidemic form has been re- sponsible for a % to 40 per cent reduc- tlon in the sugar yield of many planta- tions i'll western Porto Rico during the last five years. It's occurrence in Java and the Hawaiian Islands. has long been known. Careful experiments in the lat ter country have demonstrated that where all of the plants in the field are affected the sugar loss ranges from 5 to 40 per cent, depending on the variety of the cane. Mosaic disease apparently has been in Cuba for nearly 20 years, but it has spread very slowly and the losses have been practically negligible.
 The most constant and conspicuous evil dence of the disease is the general pal Tor of the leaves and the slight stunting of the plants. Close examination of the leaves shows that this pallor is caused by light green streaks which develop in the normal dark green foliage. These streaks are variable in length and width but on the average are about three-six- teenths inch by one and one-half inchs in length, being bluntly pointed at the ends. They may become very numerous and continent, so that normal green ap- pears as islands in light green back ground. Affected plants do not die, but are noticeably stunted, especially those of stubble crops.
 Foreign planters, after long experience with the disease, have developed efficient control measures for, regions where Mo
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
T. B. on the Run

The District of Columbia has been un- der federal supervision as regards bovine tuberculosis during the last decade Tu- berculin testing in the district is off cially required. It is interesting to note that during this period the losses from
 tuberculous cattle have been reduced from about 19 per cent of the total num- Der of cattle tested to .63 of 1 per cent, the percentage of reacting cattle last year. During the last F months 126i cattle were tested in the District of Co., lumbia and only reactors were found. There were also 570 additional cattle han dled in interstate shipment for admit tance to the district. and of this num- Der 30 or about per cent, were found to be infected with tuberculosis. The District of Columbia is the only large area in the United States where sys- tematic testing for locating and dispos- ing of reacting cattle has been conducted over a term of years. The marked de- crease in the number of reacting cattle during the last 10 years is particularly as showing how the bovine plague may be controlled and eradicateo.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18

hogs on farms for fattening purposes on September l was 105 per cent of the number on hand last year.
 The total production of wood in the state this spring was 110 per cent of that cfsopped last year.
 The month of August was extremely wet and cooler than normal. Notable damage was done to cotton and peanuts. The former lost heavily through rain ramage to blooms and from Janusual weevil activity over practically the entire state; also some spider and leaf-worm damage was reported. Peanuts began to sprout and early harvest was begun before full maturity. Other crops seemed to hold their own during the month, and with good harvest weather the pro- duction indicated about will be saved for consumption. 2
 Cotton picking was in full swing on the first of the month, and was progressing as well as the short supply of labor would permit. The harvest of hay was interfered with by the heavy rains, and some hay was lost after cutting. Some peas were picked and some new sweet potatoes were offered on local markets.
 The moving of the office of the crop reporting service to Montgomery will prevent the publication of details by counties for September, but the October report will be full and will more nearly indicate actual production.
 F. w. CYST. Field Agent. F. O. HOOTON, Markets Clerk.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18

safe is present in small amounts. In badly infested regions it is essential to plant immune cane varieties. a number of which have been discovered. Methods for controlling Mosaic are based on the experimental findings that cuttings from infected stock invariably give rise to dis eased plants, while infection of new in- dividuals depends on the proximity of diseased plants; and that the infectious material does not exist in the soil. Con sequently the elimination of all diseased cane by grinding, selection of clean seed for reseeding and subsequent rogueing of the sprouted cane to eliminate dis eased plants from infected cuttings which may have accidentally been in- troduced with the seed, are rational con- trol measures and where carefully prac- ticed almost assure a crop free of Mo saic infection.
 The office of sugar plan investigations, bureau of plant industry, United States department of agriculture. is making d rapid survey of the gulf states in searching out the Mosaic disease, and as far as possible will supply information concerning the localities which are dis ease free. Planters are invited to avail themselves of this federal service in locating disease-free seed cane. It is i'm portant that importations of large amount of seed cane into such newly develope agricultural lands as those of southern Florida should be conducted with the greatest care and caution Shortly the United States department or agriculture will issue a publication deal ing in detail with the Mosaic disease ana which will be sent free on. request 10 any person who desires it.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Joins Uncle Sam

The farmers and farm women of North Carolina have joined the government movement for thrift to aid in reducing the high cost of living. The agricultural representatives of the state in conven- tion recently adopted a resolution pledg- ing their support to the savings move ment as conducted by the savings di- vision of the treasury department. The convention also urged continued invest ment in Liberty Bonds and Victory Notes as the best place for farmers to place their surplus funds. The resolution follows:
 Resolved, That the North Carolina convention of farmers and farm women indorses the campaign of the United States treasury department to make per- manent the habit of saving of invest ment in government securities and to re- duce the high cost of living by per sonal and business thrift, by increased production, by careful spending, by an increased rate of saving and by wise investment.
 Resolved, That we will urge the con- tinued purchase of Liberty Bonds and Victory Notes as the best investment for the farmers surplus funds; and,
 Resolved, That we will urge all or ganizations of farmers and of farm wom- en and all boys and girls clubs to or ganize government savings societies or United States thrift cubs, with sav- ings secetary to promote the sale of government Savings Stamps and ether government securities.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Marketing Systematized

Sheep raisers in Pointe Coupee parish, La, have systematized their marketing operations by reducing the size of their flocks at regular intervals. Each plan tation manager has determined just how many sheep he can carry at a profit without needlessly exposing the flock to disease. As each flock increases the surplus stock is sold so as to keep the number within the limit that has proved to be profitable.
 Formerly some Louisiana sheep owners practiced aimless carrying or flocks of sheep without systematic marketing of the normal increase, irrespective of the conditions of the market, the prices of feed and the prices of fat lambs. They have learned through the activities of the county agents that there is a harvest ing time for every farm crop, which, if it is not harvested at the proper pe- riod. goes to waste. On this basis the time for the Louisiana lamb harvest is in April and May, and the lambs should be disposed of in the spring and not carried through the summer.
 Where the lambs are sold in the spring they leave the plantations before the worm and parasite season begins. Also. the sheep ranges are not damaged by be- ing overstocked with an excess of young stock.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Russell County Market

Russell county pioneer live stock growers will market carload of hogs and 250 head of fat cattle at Scale on Tuesday, September 23, according to w. R. Turnipseed, county farm demonstra- ton agent.
 The cattle are the pick of the local herds, are tick free and most of them have been finished on the lespedeza clover which grows so luxuriantly throughout that section. While there are some grade Herefords and Shorthorns, most of them are grade Jerseys, and indicate what combination of good pastures and no ticks can produce. The cattle will be divided into Lots of steers, heifers. cows, etc.. and sold in car lots, one or more to a purchaser.
 The sale will attract widespread at tention and interest as a large quantity of cattle still remains in the adjacent communities to be disposed of in the manner found most profitable. The mar keting division of the Alabama exten- sion service is rendering all possible as- SStance.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Don't Delay Canning

Housekeepers are urged not to neglect nor delay home canning, drying and pre- serving. Fruit, sugar and containers may be expensive, but even at the prices being charged for them a saving in household expenses can probably be made by filling the pantry shelves while there is an opportunity to do so. There is no indication that the usual margin of difference in cost to the consumer Of home and commercial products will be lessened Moreover, a well-stocked pan try now assures more varied. attrac- tive and wholesome diet next winter.
 Home demonstration agents and club leaders of the department and the state agricultural colleges will give all possible assistance. Housekeepers who desire copies of the departments canning direc- tions may obtain them immediately and without cost by addressing the Division of Publications of the United States De- partment of Agriculture at Washington, D. c.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Jack Frost Approaches

By giving attention to facts established bv the weather bureau of the lnlteo States department of agrlculture, lalil- CTS and gardeners often may save crops and money by protecting their piantihss from frost.
 For instance. valley or depression may be a regular catch all for frosts' whlie 2 hill beside it may be visited much iess freouentlya. There is a well recosnlzeu tendency for the air near the sur1ace in depressions or more or less ncloseo valleys to become denser and colder than that on nearby hillsides, which increases inc frost risk in the lowlands.* Ihe lesson from these facts is that early anu tender crops should, so far as practicanie, mountain sides, and later and naroler be confined to crests. hfllsides ano erops should be planted in lowlands ana valleys. rrs,
 "Notes on Frosts." which Is Farmers Rulletin 1o4 of the United States depart nent of agriculture. discusses this sup meet in detail, and may be obtained free an application to the department. The -..aatber bureau is preparing to issue an- atber nopular bullet inon this subject
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18

The full description of the cotton stored requested to be stated on the face of the receipt will enable the owner to know the value of his cotton and enable him to market it intellgently. The proper development of the warehouse will make possible the practice of marketing the cotton crop through the warehouse, and thus avoid the enormous losses result ing from weather damage.
 Warehousemen desiring to take advan- tage of the opportunity extended should apply to the Bureau of Markets at Wash ington, D. C., for the application forms Upon receipt of the blanks they should be filled out and sent to the Bureau of Markets at Washington along with the nominal inspection fee required. This fee is based on the capacity of the ware house at the rate of s1 for each 1009 bales of it's capacity; thus, a 500o-bale warehouse will pay an inspection fee of s5 6000-bale warehouse, $6 etc. If the warehouse has a capacity of less than 5000 bales the fee will be 8. The maxi mum inspection fee is $50 Thus, a ware house having a capacity of more than 5O,O00 bales will be required to remit a fee of only $50. This inspection fee license fee of 8 and the cost of his bond is the total expense of the ware houseman. If for any reason the license is not issued or the inspection Is not made, any unassessed fees will be re- turned to the applicant.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Cider Vinegar

The term 'cider vinegar should be applied only to the product made from fermented apple juice. and it is not per missible to use this name for the product made from chops and dried skins and cores by the process of soaking and sub sequent fermentation, according to a re- cent ruling of the bureau of chemistry, which reaffirmed the position taken pre- viously by the department in food in spection decision TAO, relating to the labelling of yinegars.
 This lewiston was made in reply to certain manufacturers who requested permission to label their product. mad from dried or evaporated apple products, as cider vinegar. claiming that their product wa; equal to or superior to the article ma ie f cm fresh apple c'der. The bureau of oh. mstry does not question the wholesomeness of such a product. but holds that the purchaser should be in- formed as to the nature of the material from which 1t is made.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Something New

Oklahoma club girls who have been chosen to represent their county at the State Fair will be housed this year in new dormitory on the fair grounds. The State Fair association in Aklahoma, as in many states. gives during the fair week instruction in domestic science to girls of the state who are chosen us- ually because of their prowess in club work. In some states the champions in some particular project are the priv ileged ones who attend the fair and the school with their expenses paid. In Ok lahoma, however, it is the girls who score the best all-around record who are sent to the domestic. science school. An all-around score means good work, ex- cellent conduct, ability as leader in her club. regular attendance, and many other things that go to make up an i'd q. girl as we'll as an ideal club member.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Damaged Grain

Although it is good management to all low poultry to rustic about in grain fields and stock yards after the grai,, crop has been stacked or thrashed, it is essential to exercise particular care that the fowl are not injured by feeding dam aged grain. Specialists assert that where damaged grain is fed in limited amounts to the flock which is on free range, the possibility of serious injury is reduced to minimum. On the other hand they state that it is advisable not to feed the damaged grain-and never to use this material if it is moldy or musty-in any thing but very small amounts where the fowl are closely confined all the time There is an inexplainable something about the range which the birds have as we'll as the waste products which they utilize that apparently keeps them healthy. so that they are able to handle small amounts pf grain which are not too seriously damaged. It is especially necessary to watch corn and cornmeal. as these feeds are inclined to spoil very easily.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Monroe County Organizes

Monroe county will ship hogs here after through a regularly organized CO., operative association. W. D. Barton, dis trict demonstration agent, and M. H. Pearson, marketing specialist or the Ala bama extension service, with headduar- ters at Auburn, have just returned rom Monroe county, where they assisted w. l.. Howard, county demonstration agent on Thursday in perfecting hog shlp- ping association.
 The organization starts off with a charter membership of g, and board oi directors has been elected. composed ol D. R. Kettles chairman; J. .. Shatner A. J. Dees, H. NJ. Rumley and w. H. Richardson, Jr Five hundred dollars were secured through a joint note and work on the pens will commence at once The scales were ordered by wire, and II is hoped to inaugurate the first sale c- October l. Some of the members Ft. been carrying their hogs p miles to ship through the association at Evergreen put this will no longer be necessary
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Dairy Lessons in Schools

To add impetus to the teaching of dairying in elementary rural schools the United States department of agricul- tpre has just published Bulletin 76S, which contains l2 lessons on the subject With each lesson are given helpful directions for home projects that may be worked cTt with profit to every community and with real educational value to pupils. Practically all the subject mater ial for class use and instructions for home pro jects can be found in available bulle tins either free or at small cost, but teachers and pupils are advised to use additional sources of information, such as the printed matter from dairy cattle breeders associations books on dairy ing and farm and dairy journals.
 According to the bulletin teachers of agriculture are agreed that that in struction on that subject should follow certain definite lines-it should be sea- sonal, be local ill it's interests, meet the needs of the pupils, and be practical. The home-project plan affords the best means of meeting these conditions, es- peciaIly the practical side, for by it the pupil works out for himself the prG- ciples and theories taught in the class room.
 The term home project" applied to in- instruction in elementary and supplement tary agriculture, includes as requisites a plan for home work and related in struction in agriculture at the school. It should be a problem new to the pupil; the parent and pupil should agree with the teacher on the plan; some compe- tent person must supervise the home work; detailed records of time, method, cost and income must be honestly kept; and written report based on the record should be submitted to the teacher.
 One of the means by which teachers may learn the dairy interests of the district is a dairy survey. The pupils may assist in obtaining this informa- tion, but first-haud knowledge obtained by the teacher will be valuable, This survey should tell the kind of farm (crop or stock) purpose of dairy cows Commercial or home use). breeds of cat tie, feeds raised. bow milk is tested, how milk is disposed of and dairy conVen- fences. Information should be tabulated as it is collected. In addition the teach- CT with fho ql.,1s' bnln sh0ld prove charts showing the points of typical dairy COW, samples of dairy records showing the food value of milk and draw ing showing section of the model dairy farm, milk house, etc
 The bulletin contains lessons. giving sources of material, on the following iects: Producin~ clean r''t-. care of mus and cream. weighing milk, testing milk, lxeeuing of records and marketing dairy products, profit and loss (good and poor cows). judging and purchasing stock, care in handling of the dairy COW and barn butter manufacture, food value of milk and itS use in the home. maE- ing cottage cheese. cooking With mlih products and the use of milk as a sup plement to other foods
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Will Inspect Horse Meat

To open up the channels of trade for som eof the inferior horses in this coun- try that do not pay for their keep, and to increase the meat supply in some of the larger cities in the United States and abroad where horse meat is used for
 human food, the United States depart ment of agriculture is authorized by Con-
 gress to inspect horse meat and horse meat products The amendment to the regulations governing meat inspection by the department was passed by Congress on July 2f with an appropriation or $l00,000 to carry on the work during the fiscal year ending June 90, 1920.
 While it is expected that as result ef this amendment inferior horses
 throughout the country will be slaugh- for human food, it will open market es- pecially for the small horses-many of them wild-on the western range. These
 animals are eating much of the limited supply of range feed which is needed by
 live stock that is better able to pay for
 it's keep. Elimination of the undesirable
 horses not only will save feed for more
 worthy cattle and sheep, but will add
 hides to the leather supply and increase
 meat stocks.
 are slaughtered for the preparation of food products for transportation or sale in interstate or foreign commerce must be federally inspected under the new regulations As horse meat for ex- port trade must be inspected. The slaughter of horses and the prepa- l ration and handling of horse meat ! must be conducted fin establishments separated from those in which other anil mals are killed and handled All horse
 meat or horse-meat products must be conspicuously labeled or branded Horse Meat" or Horse Meat Product and
 must bear the statement: "U. S. Inspect ed and Passed by the U. s. Department ! of Agriculture.' The regulations list a | number of horse diseases which, if 1 found in any animal slaughtered, will ! cause it to be condemned as food. | One of the most important reasons for l the new regulations is that many foreign governments will not import horse meat from the United States unless It is fed erally inspected.
 l Briefly, in making possible the utiliza- l ton of horses for meat, the regulations place the matter under federal super vision, thereby insuring that the product 1 is clean and wholesome.
 1 The regulations, it is explained, merely provide for the inspection. The number 1 of horses used for meat will depend on 1 the extent to which horses are marketed 1 for that purpose and likewise on the de-
 mand for the product
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The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-18
Store Your Cotton

Cotton raisers are losing annually an average of s3O,o00,0oo from weather dam age to bales left in the open. That es- innate is regarded as conservative, for every bale exposed to weather soon loses enough ''pickings" to represent at least E. 50, and instances of much greater less to individual bales are not infrequent. An instance that is not great distance from typical concerns a bale that was ex- posed to the weather for six morths, losing 76 pounds at 23 cents. or S17.4S. The bureau of markets is urging southern farmers to store their cation and stor this waste It calls attention to the ware houses licensed and bonded under the United States warehouse act.F says sthat they furnish best receipts-good for Bash at any bank-cheaper insurance and bet
 CT service The department does not -onfine its recommendations to Bonded
 warehouses. More general use of private warehouses will do much to stop tle big loss.