South Bend news-times., 1919-09-07

a knife pressed against the skin IS
conscious OF the metal II the blade
OF the knife Is cold, ne does not say
that his skin is cold. but rather
that the knife is cold. The sense
brought into play is the sense Of
feeling; one OF the five special
senses: its stimulation suggests an
external agency. The special senses
which are productive OF sensation
demanding an external stimulation
are. Sight, hearing. smelling. tast-
ing and feeling. Should the knife
mentioned cut the individual. he no
longer perceives the external slim
ulation or feeling. but is conscious
OF an internal stimulation, which he
ascribes as pain. The sensations
which do not recognize an external
stimulation are called common SEN
sations. Examples OF these are pain
safety, fatigue. hunger, thirst,
nausea But there is no sharp
demarcation between the special
senses and the common sensations,
since an agency Is required In all
cases, and over stimulation Of the
sense OF sight causes US pain. The
same thing occurs in hearing.
Should the vibrations OF sound DO
in excess Of tho normal number we
are also conscious of pain, and an
undue pressure on the surface OF
the skin excites the sensory nervo
endings to such an extent that the
feeling Of pressure OF the object is
lost in the pain which is caused
The Muscular Sense.
Besides these senses mentioned,
there is another known as muscu-
lar sense or the power to deter
mine weight. This has its apparent
residence in the muscle fiber. Now
all OF these senses and sensations
are unrelational They are all dis
tincuy related to consciousness. as
their names imply: and the loss OF
any one OF them is very serious,
where as the loss of all would in
deed make a man but little better
than the grass he treads upon.
The eye Is oonpfouously the
most important organ OF the special
gan OF the body, yet so well pro-
tected is It by It's bOny socket. It's
lids and br0ws, that II frequently
escapes injury when other parts OF
the face, in it's immediate vicinity
suffer. Nerves lead from the back
OF the eye 10 the center OF vision.
which is located IN the posterior
part OF the brain called the cere-
brln. To be able to see. IL is nee
essary that this center should first
Of all bs existent A man may have
perfect eyes, with perfect norves
leading TO the brain, but II by &C
cfdent the portion known as the
visual center is crushed or other
wise injured. the man becomes
blind.
Eye Like q Camera
The eye IS very much like a cam
era. A small opening IN front call
ed the pupil. admits the light so
that an image OF an object Is re-
fected upon a sensitive surface IN
the back part OF the eye. The i'm
age OF the object Is there pictured.
This picture influences nerve end
ings in this surface, and the nerves
transmits the image 70 the brain. and
when this impulse reaches the visual
center OF the brain I'VE become con-
ssotous OF IL. and see the object
Persons who may reach middle
age and have good eye sight, may
by judicious care retain that bless
ing until very old. The desire anc
necessity for reading Is more pre-
valent among men OF middle age,
than among those OF the preceding
generafion, and Il is not the amount
of reading which a person may do
that weakens or destroys the eyes,
but the manner IN which the read
ing Is done. The intimate relation
ship which the organs OF the BODY
have TO each other. and the pro
found influence which a remote or
gan may have upon another. such
for example. the eye, IS attested by
eve weakness and stomach disor-
ders or genito-urtnary troubles. so
that reading alone Is not respon-
sible. but rather our unhygtenic con-
duct in general
A person should not read contin-
uousIy. He should glance away oc-
casionaIly from his work. This
rests the eye. He should not face
a light when reading. since the pu-
pE OF the eve grows smaller IL
bright light. and the page or paper
NAV not be illuminated sufficiently
so that he strains the eye BY
causing contrary conditions. He
should not read lying down, be-
cause the eyes then set more heav-
ilv in the sockets. and the supply Of
blood 10 them is not ample. an6
conversely he should not bend over
10 read. He should not read or
,olting cars or when walking rapid
". as the change or focus adds
weariuess TO the muscles Of accom-
modation. He should not read print
on highly caIendered paper. or en-
deavor 20 read very fine print.
Avoid Bright Lights.
He should not read in too bright
a light. nor IN too dim light. The
excitation OF a bright glare IS most
luxurious. The extreme glare OF
sunlight in the Arctic regions causes
What j. called snow blindness, a
blindness which may in some cases