davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-08-04
South American Buyers
in New York,

Porpingos A. do Silva oilocira OF Ca
Ind. Importadira "Atias," Rio de Jhnsirps
Brasil Interested in shoes. Address care
International Buyers Club, $50 West Tufty-
second street. New York.
Jose NJ. de sdiasuos of Lima, Peru In
tsrested In all linss Address care Consul-
General Of Peru, ~ Broadway, New York
Manuel Pardo Of Quito. Ecuador, Intsr-
ested in teweiry. watches and CLOCKS. M
dress Hotel America. New York
Hugo Sarmento OF Rio de Jansiro, Bra
ell. interested In agencies for machinery.
Address Herald Square Hotel. New York
ssw
Asuilas Espinosa Jarrin Of Ecuador. In-s
terested In cattle for breeding purposo4-
Address care Fl rian Consulate, New
York. -.
Alexander Ruiz Of r. Ruiz, HavaShs
Interested In special lines. Address caye
international Buyers Club, 100 West Per-
ty-seoond street. New York. aca
Buyers from South and Central Americas
may register In this column by telephonfnE
Beekman aaoo. Latin American DepaSf-
ment.
The sun., 1919-08-04
BRAZIL PREPARES
NAVAL PROGRAMME
Army and Air Service ALSO ia
Be Enlarged.

RIO On JANnfRo, Aug. s.--A gigantic
programme that will involve material
increases in the army, navy and the
aviation service OF tho republic, ana
which when executed win place the
country In an advantageous position in
- TAR as the protection Of its coast u
concerned, IL under way.
The 0overnment's programme Of fn-
oreasfnE its naval strength was revealed
when the Minister Of the Navy petitionsd
the President for additional fighting units
for the naval establishment Of the Gov
eminent. In his petition the Minister
proposed the Immediate purchase of two
cruisers, i've torpedo boat iestroyers,
three large and six small submarines.
one mine layer and q dynamite boat
The minister also recommended the es-
tnblishrnent Of q naval base on the
Isla Grande, declaring that Brazirs
naval forces were at tho present moment
insufficient to protect ifs entire coast,
and advising that this dangerous situa-
ton be remed.ed without delay.
Along with this naval programme Con.
gress has voted the largest budget In
the history Of Brasil for the moderniHa-
ton OF the army. The Minister Of War,
I'M an interview with the Brazilian press
declared that the army was totally dis
organised owing to the policy of theo-
reticai instruction. I'VE lack the spirit
Of construction" he said. "And In spite
OF the world CT difficulties which mus,
face. I shall attempt to construct"
The Minister of War advocates the
production of munitions ana other wal
materials in the country instead of de-
pending on foreign factories to supply
this material
As preliminary step In the army
programme q commission of French
army officers will visit Brazil in the i'm.
mediate future to participate in the re-
organization movement.
Another step in the development Of
Brazirs fighting strength win be tairer
with the establishment OF an aviator
school in the country. The Handley.
Page company and the Caproni Airplan,
Company have sumhitted bids to the
Government offering to establish avia
ton schools and instruct young Brazil
ians In the art and technique Of flying
The press il giving the movement con
siderable support as II recognizes the
weakness ef the Government In thii
branch Of the fighting service.
The sun., 1919-08-04
ARGENTINE MONEY
SYSTEM EXPLAINED
Consul General Here De-
scribes Stabiiizing Methods.

An explanation of the Argentine
monetary system has Just reached Con-
sul-Geheral Perez of Argentina In New
York city, who offers Il to those who
are interested In business with that
country.
'The monetary system Of the Argen-
tine Republic is theoretically on a gold
mono-metallic basis the unit being the
peso oro' (gold dollar) Weighing
fine gold" says the report "rhe peso
oro 10 divided into 100 'osntavos' and
according to the monetary law Of Mo-
vember s, 1851. creating this unit. only
8 and sM pesos orc coins. dencminsted
'Argentinoa end half Argentine respeo-
lively. oan BE- coined
Foreign coins have legal currency
in the country at the following nxed
ratea, which coincide with the intrinsic
par Of the various coins; asa
One pound sterling. ...... 5.o4 pesos orc
20 francs ......s..-.... 400 pesos orc
20 marks. ...s........... 4.e4 pesos orc
One eagle (s10 US.A-). .1o.s64 pesos orc
"A1l kinds Of transaction with for
eign countries are generally made on the
basis OF the peso orc or foreign coin.
"As rule neither foreign coins nor
Argentine gold dollars are used fos
| lille cuuutTys EE0tttossiS
the only currency In circulation Is the
paper money, called peso papel or
peso moneda nacional re curse legal
represented by State notes which. 40
cording to law, are unlimited legal ten
| der.
THE legal value Of the peso paper re-
presents "a 'oentavos' gold. which rate
has been fixed by the law. the promoter
Of which was our late President Torn
Quist-
| Argentine owes 10 this most bsnef
cent law q great part OF the present
prosperity, as II has eliminated thu
fluctuations in the value of paper money
thus giving complete stability to thu
paper currency.
THE official institution called the Gals
de Conversion issues and delivers to al
who may demand II paper notes II
the proportion Of one peso paper fo
~ 'centavos gold and delivers the Eolt
In the same proportion for paper notes.'
The sun., 1919-08-04
ECUADOR AWAKES
TO SANITARY NEEDS
Quarantine Against YellouD
Feuer First Moue.

Ecuador. according to reports received
last week. has declared a quarantine
against ships touching at the northern
ports Of Peru. The cause Is the ru-
naored presence OF yellow fever at Payta.
Such report sounds strange indeed 20
those who have always thought of Quay
equil a. one Of the worst pestholes On
the west coast. But times do change.
and sanitation has at last come to Ecua-
doris leading port. By some this action
on the part Of Ecuador wall be placed
in the same category with many SINH
lar DEGREES In the past, for It has not
been uncommon for Ecuador, when dis
pleased with some action of Peru. to
thus attempt to distract public atten-
ton from the condition Of her own port ;
but this time 1t 10 quite probable that
II In not case Of the pot calling the
kettle black
The success Of the Panama Canal
Commission In combating tropical DIP
sass gave he South American coun-
tries furiously to think" and several Of
thetn have attempted to so and do like
wise Various attempts have been made
In Ecuador during the last decade but
without SUCCESS until the secent CAM
paisn carried out under the direction Of
Gen 0orgaA One of tho most interest
ing OF those that came 70 naught waa
that Of the J. q. White Company.
A contract was drawn up between its
London oflics and the Government OF
Ecuador for large undertaking, inolud-
ing considerable dock improvements.
Previous to the signing OF tho contract
some Of the dAmAgogues discovered that
American oaratAl was also interested In
the scheme. ard these succeeded IN play
ing on the anti-American feeling, the
result Of the old Archer Harmon. Guaya-
quil-Quito Railway controversies, to such
an extent that the contract TELL through.
During the last few years. however.
results have actually been obtained The
iuto necessity of sanitation for Guaya-
qur, and In spite OF revenue and other
war difficulties the Government has
spent in the neighborhood Of n quarter
OF q million dollars annually for this
purpose. As result II seems very pos
sibis that In the near future II will not
be necessary for foreigners to cage
themselves behind mosquito bars as soon
as the sun goes down.
As to the advantages which viii
thereby accrue to Guayaquil, and there
fore to all Ecuador. for over 80 per cent.
Of It's foreign trade passes throagh this
mort, It is unnecessary to e1patiate Mt
length. Euffice Il TO say that for the
hrst time In many years the Pacific
Steam Navigation Company's shops are
now making Guayaaull q regular port
of caIi In their voyage north to Panama,
while the vessels Of the Peruvian lines
stop going both north ana south.
The sun., 1919-08-04
MEXICO TURNS OUT
FIRST AUTOMOBILE
Gopsrnn,snt Encourages NetO
Monterey Industry.

The frst automobile to be manufac-
tured in the Republic OF Mexico was
shipped from the factory In Monterey,
the State Of Nueve Leon. according to
advices received In New York The
name Of the automobile 10 Monterey"
The Governor Of the State has extended
all possible facilities to the rnanufac-
turers Of the Mexican automobile with q
view Of Offering competition with foreign
makes, which are very popular in Mex
leo. Tho railroads are Also extending
cooperation to the extent Of reducing
freight rates from the factory to other
States In the nation.
According to officials Of the corporation
The sun., 1919-08-04
rio . Great world Capital.

Rio de Janerio 10 now ranked among
the greatest Of the worlds capitals. ac-
cording to Imbrie q Co.. bankers, OF
London. England. and New York. With
the exception OF Washington. d. c., It
was the only city In the Western Hsmis-
phere whose nation was represented on
the Executive Council OF the League of
Nations Rios population ia exceeded
in the United States only by New York,
Chicago and Philadelphia. Her per
capita dsbt h ons-auRrtsr that az New
YorA 2
The sun., 1919-08-04
Cuba to Get German ships.

Five German steamships anchored IN
Cuban waters when the island repuA-
lie declared war on Germany and later
seized by the Government win be re-
turned to Cuba, according to announce.
msnt coming from that country. -Four
Of these steamships were turned over
TO the United States In order that this
country might transport munitions and
men to Europe during the war. the NTH
being used by Cuba for transporting
troops and carrying sugar to the United
StateR
The sun., 1919-08-04
RUBBER MAKING SECRETS
DIED WITH DLSCOVERER
Captain Hunicke Drowned While Perfecting Scheme
to Extract High Grade Product From Plants
Believed to Be Worthless.

shoots above the ground and produce
secondary plants, SO that one plant VIII
gradually spread over q large field.
When Capt Hunicke heard OF this
African root rubber It occurred to him
at once that the plant might be adapted
10 the plan ne had worked out In Max
leo. The capitalists backing him sent
several expeditions to Africa to lnvesti-
rate this o,,estion. and Cant. Hunicke
hirnseif made one trip, Political COM
plicstions, however. and the terrible
plaques OF malaria and sleeping sickness
i liN, VII -. ,sS,,as ,,,a,,strv in the
Congo az the guayuls industry had been
worked out In Mexico.
Several OF the engineers lost their
lives; one was bitten by tsetse flies ana
got sleeping siclxness, which lasted many
years. Meanwhile the same explorer
who had called Hunicke's attention to
the Landolphia Thollonii had gone TO
Panama. The name of this explorer II
not given. because he does not wish To
have hiB name appear In the story, as
he N stiil enrared in the researches
made hy Cant Hunicike.
Can't Hunioke's mission to Panauns
was prompted By the fact that he had
heard about q low grade rubber existing
IN large quantities in Central America.
A great many shrubs besides the stand.
| ard sources of rubber contain rubber n
variable quantities. The standard rub
bar trees of the world are, in the order
of their Importance, first, the Para OF
| Hevea brasiliensis. also called Siphonia
elastica: second, L.andolphia owarien
sis Of Africa third. Castiiloa Of Contra
America: fourth. Manihot glazovii
There are also some other South Ameri
oan. East Indian and African trees from
| which rubber 10 obtained In paytni
ana nttttea
Secret Dies with Him.
| p..,s. .ns.n,, ,h.r. an. ,,,.nx ~orer,
| =, ria..t. snr..sr,r- r,,hhsr .nT ~ the,
..ts - -s,nts...S a. .x,nar crr,
- 49, 80 h.nd - ,h.5r t,,,cs \.
S..,,. - ahs,,,sa.i ,,-.,,sss IT,,
s,s ~ 49, ~ 81. nth.r ths,
,aiss. nrr,,. - -. mon. in,nortan
so,,rn. =, r,,nhsr than ans, ~ az fore
49,, 49,. 80. iaa, arsao ,,sn,s ~
$50 81, o,,Sr a. .,orId and in ynr,,a "a ss
| - ,,as. r,a r.,,,a. Ar,nn, chem IN ,
a. ya ~ .t,oh Ca,,+ II,,n,osa a.
..e..i. 80 ~ sa,,,a 20 ~
e ,ss..,s.s =. 90 go. ano,,
aa. a., '. ,h.,,s,oai arna,.r,s,ts ,.,i,h th
$50 80 ,,,,. 80 "a he nrod,csS run
The sun., 1919-08-04
American s,o,.ty Elects omesr.,

Mr.. william r. Montavon. former COM
msruiai attachs OF the United States
Government in Peru, has been elected
president Of the American Society OF
that country ut q recent election. Mr..
w. q. Holloway was eiscted hrst vice.
president, Mr.. Hugh 8. Hunter second
vice president. Mr.. J. NJ Schultheis
treasurer, and Mr.. A. Z. Russell. secre-
tary. The board Of managers 10 COM
posed OF J. II. Feehan. w. u. Murkland.
]. W. Mailer. q n. Grifis. Stewart L
Rawlings ana l. q biaisdsn
The sun., 1919-08-04

the plant 70 equipped 70 turn out cossz
plets automobile from the motor 70 Ne
last part and the material used comes
from Mexico only. The first automobne
turned out Of the factory was given .
test Of $1,000 miles on the Monterey ana
Laredo roads and the results were highly
satisfactory, II b stated.
The plants capacity Is 1850 automo-
biles sach year. and II Is expected that
this capacity viii be greatly increage4
as the industry develops moro along tsohA
meal lines.
The sun., 1919-08-04
COLOMBIA RICH IN COFFEE.
Annual Production OF One Region
Il $4,000 Tons.

Twenty-Five thousand hectares of
land in the rich department Of Antie-
quia are under cultivation In coffee, ac-
cording to a report made TO the Govern
ment Of Colombia by q commission of
business men. The annual production
of coffee from this region Is $4,000 tons.
The total number Of coffee plants In
estimated at 100000. 'i.o .
Precious metals exported from this
department are valued annually at T.
100000 pesos. of which 30 per cent be-
longs to foreign companies.
There are six kilometers OF wagon
roads for which q charge Of 81 cents
IL made for freight
The sun., 1919-08-04
BOLIVIA LARGELY INDIAN.
white Population Hardly More
Than Ia Per Cent.

IN q reoent issue Of the Boletin de la
sociedad Geografioa de La Paz OF
Bolivia II In stated that of the total
population Of the country (1.S1e.2T1)
taken In 1900, Sosl per cent was pure
Indian, while 1e.TS per cent was classi-
fed a. bsins Of mixed blood and only
127a per cent AZ white" the remain
ing sea per cant being equally allotted
to persons moi enumerated, and uncivi-
lid Indiana
"As q matter of fact" says the Bole-
tin, 1T 10 doubtful II the lara per cent.
classsd al white would amount to moro
than Z or per cent II all with Indian
blood In their veins were excluded. Thus
Il will DO seen that the population OF
Bolivia 10 predominately Indian. In one
department, that OF La Paz, 1854 per
cent. ID given rs pure Indian and $50
per cent mestiEos. leaving only STA per
cent classified ~ white. In this one de-
partment the total number Of Indians
was ss3,42i. In the whole of the United
States thsrs are ssb,sss."
The sun., 1919-08-04
PLAN FLIGHT TO ARGENTINA.
British DiriEibIe Expected to Make
Trip in -Four Days.

The Viclxers-vimy plant in England is
building a huge airship along the same
lines as the R-34 that recently visited
the United States. which It expects to
use In a hight from London to Buenos
Ayrss this month. according to reports
from Europe.
The giant dirtgible win be called the
R-is0, and aside from . large crew win
be able to carry ten passengers and
make eha air voyage to Buenos Ayres
in four days. Transportation win cost
$4,000 and It 10 said that the reserva-
lions for the nrst voyage are already
taken UP.
The sun., 1919-08-04
BOUNDARY DISPUTE ENDS.
EouadoR and Colombia Reach
Friendly Agreement.

CAkTAGuEA. Colombia. Aug. s.-Ths
last chapter In the boundary dispute ak
listing between Ecuador and Colombia
for many years was closed on July 10
when accredited representatives from
both Governments signed treaty in
Cartagena defining the exact frontier
lines between the two countries. The
Ecuador Mission was headed by DR.. N.
Clemente Ponce.
The visit OF the mission was the 90
casion OF an elaborate programme Of
entertainment ending with a banquet In
which speakers from both countries re-
itsratsd their friendship which had boz
Grafton.
The sun., 1919-08-04
Epidenaie in Bolivia.

la Paz. Bolivia. Is suffering from an
Epidemic Of pneumonia, typhoid fever
and influenza. Forty persons recently
died IN one day from one Of these
causes. The authorities have closed the
theatres and clubs and have instituted
measures 70 combat the spread OF the
spidelnia.
The sun., 1919-08-04

Rubber machinery and appliances are
badly needed for the forest rubber gath
erers OF Brazil. Peru Ecuador Venezuela.
rubber extensively. AZ present the methods
are urimitiv~ Sstarsa4S this industry
GFNAtN
The sun., 1919-08-04

Advices from Buenoa AyreE are to the
effect that the transandean road win be
sufficiently cleared this month to permit
travel again.
The sun., 1919-08-04

Tho Government Of Paraguay has re-
oeived the library donated by the Car
nexie Foundation. Tho books will be
placed in the Paraguay Institute and in
the University of Asunoion.
The sun., 1919-08-04

Peru has grown greatly increased auaS
titles Of wheat, cotton. rice and sugar dur
Ing the war Sugar production rose from
,7s,loo tons in 1918 to $4,000 tons in
1919. the total area being. cultivated
Last year 80 900 tons of long staple cot
ton were available for export.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-05-24
One Tune That Failed to Cheer
DOuShbOyS


AS q fighter the American douShboE
forced the admiration Of the whole
world and with the fighting done he
proved himself nothing but the whole
some. clean-hearted young American
he is And ii is this very fact that
renders him particularly subject 10
gnawins homcsickness as he waits
the time he Will be returned to his
loved ones How great is this yearn-
ing is described by Reginald Wright
Kaufman in We Want to Go Home"
IN the June New Red Cross Maya
zine. and in this he tells Of the grim
humor displayed by a battered music
box. leaving its effect 10 be imagined.
'.At one of those gloomy barracks
in 4 French port" relates the writer.
there were recently 5000 American
and therefore no recreation promot-
ers had preceded them. Throughout
the long. wet days and the still long
er and wctter twiiiGhtS. there was
nothing for those men TO do beyond
the now purely formal occupations
enforced by military routine. At last.
when the gloom seemed about to be-
come unbearable, one man returned
from I. nearby town With a trium-
phant find: he had managed 10 Sc
cure a Sramophonc and 4 single rec
ord for it. The gramophone was well
worn and the name OF the piece Of
music had been scratched off the
record. bat that mattered little The
machine was set up, the disk put in
pace, and the crank turned in the
presence OF a great crowd OF soldiers
sick with nostalgia.
Then that sramophone started TO
play its only tune,
..lt Was Homo. Swect Home.'
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-05-24
Bid Made for Ships
st. Louis Would Charter Steel
Vessels

Washington. May 20.-77ghe first dl-
rect bid the shipping board has re-
ccived for its stcc! vessels came to-
.lay from the ST. Louis Chamber of
Commerce and Mississippi Valley
Trading and Navigation, Company.
which asked TO purchase Or charter 20
ships Of at least 5000 tons each TO
handle The movement Of ST. Louis
products 10 The markets of the world.
Immediate action 10 supply the
needs Of the 81. Louis district WAS
taken by Chairman Hurley after con-
ference with the board. The operating
department and construction division
were. ordered TO put experts to work
planning suitable llcet for the re-
qnircmcntS Of The industries TO be
served.
Other cities arc expected by the
board to follow tho example set by
81. Louis. Memphis capitalists are
understood 10 be organizing COM
nany with resources OF at least $ l.
$50. 900 to purchase and operate ships
from New Orleans
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-05-24

and without the acceptance Of that
! principle no part Of the structure Of
;nternationa jusice can stand.
The guarantee OF such title would
! be SubSersive Of the reign Of law
/; based upon the consent Of the gov
crned and sustained by the organi-
zed opinion of mankind. The guaran~
zee Of such a title would constitute
recognition Of the right Of the strong;
20 serve its own material interest and
advantage through the exercise Of it's
Influence and mastery. The guarantee
Of such a title would give Great Bri
tain a warrant 10 make a nation
weaker than herself subject to hei-
purposes and interests: It would con-
firm the claim Of Great Britain IL
rule and dominate the people OF Ire
land even in their own internal ;f
fairs by arbitrary and irresponsible
force. Any guarantee, under Article
Ten of territorial integrity and .politi-
cal independence as affecting Ire
land. can rightly endure only to the
heneG: Of the people Of Ireland them
solves
IN the name therefore Of the peo-
pc Of Ireland. ask that the Irish
nation may be invited 10, give their
adhesion 20 III" Covenant Of The Let
que of Nations. and that 2 member
ship Of the Lcague-a membership
available under article seven evei> 10
colonies who have freely aud i"Siia-
lively subscribed to the Sliprcmacy "f
the English Imperial Parliament
shah nol be denied to t!lets"vc.'nmcn.
Of free independent l:ish Republic.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-05-24

ireland as nation that has de.
clarad its independence and is Pied
sred To the principles Of freedom.
justice and peace. desires TO subscribe
! To the Covenant Of the League and To
claim as against England the protcc-
ton Of Article Ten. | submit 10 the
conference With profound respect that
Irclands claim is clear and cannot
With any shadow of justice be refus-
ed. Should it be rejected The conse-
quences would be as follows:
L Ireland henceforth must rely
for her delivcrancc wholly upon her
down With regard TO any other of the
smaller nationalitieS whose emanci-
I patton has been made the care OF the
iconfcrcncc
- Nations which never have de-
MED the right Of ireland TO freedom
will deprive themselves for the future
of The power Of countcnancinG her
claim and will in consequence be
! bound for The first time in history.
to leave her unaidcd TO her own re-
sources as indicated in the preceding
paragraph.
8. Article Ten viii impose upon
all nations as a condition of member
ship Of the League. the obligation to
guarantee 10 Great Britain q title To
The possession of ireland and domi-
Mon over the Irish people.
Against the imposition Of such
slavery upon ireland. and especially
a"ainS, the giving Of such a guaran-
ice OF title 10 Great Britain. enter
on behalf Of the people Of Ireland.
in whose name | have The honor Ia
speak. the most emphatic protest.
Great Bri1ain'S titlc TO Ireland rests
solely upon the military p"wcr Of =
nation 10 determine The fortunes OF
Il people over whom They have n"
right of force. The combined guar
Hn1cc of such a title against The de-
clarcG protest of ireland would con-
Stitutc u definite denial of The princi-
pie Of justice 10 all peoples and va
tionalties and their right TO live on
equal terms of liberty and safety with
one another. whcther s1ToEG or ITeak
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-05-24
Cotton Market Scars
July Contracts Advance More
Than Three Dollars Per BALE

\-x-, Tho cotton
,,,ar,,a. ..,,aS,o-, orea1 strength and
4o.,,.,. viz, an deliveries
,,,.,,-;,>o. ,,o,,- H,ocoras. July con-
-, 30 ,,5oi,;,e an advance
y - r'>.S,, .o>,,,- -, h., r. .,on, toe
.. 80 s.,.,,r,1,,. Ecac;io,c
Y,,.,s7 l.,,9,..,,, 49, rca,iz;ne w;t:l
,,. =, ,< 30 blu there was
5lo,,.i,.,,..,i ,,.,de ;.uy:n. ;l..ii the mar
,,e. c;osoa steady at 2S.79 FOR thar de-
li,.or,, aud Win the general list show
i'm, !, no, advance OF - 70 II points.
nv. ,,or1et opened Is TO 47 points
b:,~hn.. o., The strong Liverpool cables.
,enorts ol showers ana unsettlcf;
,oaa;htr IN the south al..l very buliish
Naaoiccs 1r3,.l tie goods market. which
were described as phenomcnally
>,,rono and active. Trade interests