The Raymer enterprise., 1919-10-02
TELLS SENATORS
ABOUT BEEF COSTS
This May Throw Some Light on
the Price You Pay for
BeefSteak.

senators in Washington, viee-presi-
dent of one of the large packing con-
| Germs (F. Edison White of Armour and
Company made the astounding state
ment that SO far in their fiscal year,
which would cover the past eight or
nine months, his company had made
no money whatever on beef
This statement is doubtless well
nigh incredible TO the average man.
Yet Il was made In full knowledge that
the senators had access 10 the com.
pany's books.
Recovering from the first shock, this
same average man will say, 'Yes, but
the packers are shrewd what they do
not make on the beef they more than
make up on the hides"
But even this Illusion was destined
to be shattered. Mr.. White explained
that his statement included everything
that was derived from the steer as
purchased-the hide, fat, even the in
tstines which are used largely for
sausage castings.
Make Money, Nevertheless.
Well the packers make money-how
do they do It? Mr.. White admitted
that they did, quoting figures secured
by auditors of the Food Administra-
ton, TO the effect that packers profits
on food commodities Of all kind last
year were l 6(10 cents on each dol
lar taken In. These would include
such things as sausage, shortening,
canned meats, ETC., In addition to fresh
meats, hams and bacon. On all the
products Of his company, Mr.. White
explained, comprising both foods and
inedible commodities, the profits dur
ing the same period were $40 cents
on each dollar sale.
All Of which would lead many to
say that the packing business is not
well understood. 1t isn't. Yet as one
of the leading Industries Of the coun-
try, its workings and, above all, its
profits, should be familiar matters 10
US. 1t is quite useless to crate against
the high cost of living without digging
into some of these fundamentals.
By.Products at Market Values.
One of the most enllghtening bits of
Mr.. Whites testimony was his ex-
PLANTATION of the way in which cost
price of beef is arrived at. II a steer
is bought at Sl25.00 and hides are
bringing $1,000 In the open market,
then $1,000 Is credited TO the cost Of
the steer. If hides are selling at S23.00
that amount is credited. The yisceral
fat, offal and everything else that
comes from the steer are likewise
credited at their prevailing market
values. What remains is taken as the
cost price of the meat. The beef car
cass is then shipped to one of the To-
cal distributing branch houses, and
the manager there Is given the cost
price with Instructions to sell the beef
at profit II he can. But in any event,
whether the local market be lively or
dull, he must sell for what he can get
for the commodity is a perishable one
and must be sold.
Manufacturers Profit on By.produets.
However, there is another hitch to
the packing business, quite as little
understood apparently, that goes to
show how a loss on fresh meats may
be accompanied by profit on the to-
tai amount Of business done. Take,
for example. the banjo strings afore-
mentioned, which are made from the
intestines Of sheep. The department
that makes banjo strings tand like
wise surgical ligatures, tennis strings,
etc.,) buys" the lntestlnes from III
sheep-klling department, paying ex.
actly the same price that these bring
when sold to the outside market. On
this basis the string department manu-
factures its strings and sells them
bringing a profit into the business.
In like manner the fertilizer depart
ment buys blood and tankage; the soaI
department buys fats; the glue depart
ment buys hoofs, horns, bones ant
sinews; and so on through the list Of
"by-products." The fertilizer. thu
soap and the glue, just as the musi'
strings. bring In manufacturers
profit.
In all cases these by-products
whether they be sold TO outside man
ufacturers or to one of the manufac
turing departments in the business Ia
the same prevailing market prlce), arr
credited to the cost Of the meat por
ton of the animals, just as in the in
stance OF the hides mentioned above
Thus the utilization of by-produets'
system of which we have heard much
and the method by which 1t is con
Quoted, show the packers manufaetur
ing profit on a great variety Of com
modities ranging all the way from
pharmaceuticals to glue, do, In reality
bear the burden of fresh meat prices