The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-11-22


throughout the South.
Formerly. only y small portion q
the cotton acreage was planted viii
seed of recognized variety; tho bull
OF the crop Was iust cottpn. Now sh'
reverse is irae. a nu1al,er OF superb
or varieties have brcn developed and
as a part IF the general improvement
). in farming methods, The extensive
adoption Of better varieties hiss &C
Cured.
Still 9 great many OF the varieic;
| grown are inferior. Variety test
made by the experiment station u
each STATE through series Of year
haze demonstrated that many kind
!. Of cotton ordinarily considered goet
are much less, productive than sem'
OF the really superior varieties avail
able. The loss in production from
this planting of inferior sorts of cot
ton is immense. Ayers Of the Arkan
sas station figures that the. genera
planting Of good varieties would In
crease the value OF the cotton cror
OF the South by $3.50. eco .nno annually
Some of the best. varieties h2Vt
been found adapted 10 the wite hreas
OF .cultaafe. In Texas and. Qksalsea.att
the Triumph variety, developed hS
iMr. A. ID. .Mebiae, a Texas farmer
has probably been the leading variety
in the, last ten; years Lone Star
(which is a more. recent variety and
OF the same big boil, stormproof type
vas originated by Mr.. D. "A. Saun-
iders OF the Department Of Agricu1'
ture, and is also very popular in the
same territory. These two varieties
iare exceedingly well adapted to tbs
western portion Of ths cotton belt and
in that territory are perhaps groH7z
{. more genefa1lyi than all other ,klnds
of cotton combined.
In the States cast Of the Mis$;s-
.sipni. ,Eiyer the Wannamaker-Cleve::
land, variety is now probably moro
extensively grown that any. other ono
icotton. This is, a very productive
short staple variety which has: been
developed in the past few years bE
approved systematic ,a>. aoaS OF
breeding.
/ ), Exceedingly valuable results haze
! been achieved .sit selecting cotton re-
isistant to the wilt disease. En- certa al
SsectionS. particularly in the sandy
tsoi;:: Of the .Sevfeds.crn. States, his
ldisease; has bsecl,se so serious that
i oraina rE varieties OF cotton eeuld not
prefstably be- grown here. Through
selection OF. the most RESISTANT plants.
growing in wilt-i4feeted fields, s1fasi e
very valuable varieties have been. de-
veloped by experts of the Federal
Department OF gr:enltpre and of the
State OF Georgia. Ia. addition TO Re-
ing, siaighE: resistant ITO disease. some
or these new varieties are rather
/ eas!N and, productive. Their .,iaia'o-
i..,:clioi has made il possible to coz
tinue cotton. culture II a considerable
area. ;9;h ,>w;tbout wilteresistant Va
riches, cotton growing would ncces-
sar:lr have been abandoned. =; =.
This type has received more aftei-
ltion in the matter OF seed SELECTION
than short staplls.
The pioneer ~ the, Development of
,ssastE efuplandz long. staple
cotton was- The late !. B.. Allen OF
Port Gibson. Miss, originator Of the
lAslsn long staple. variety MI. Aiien
.ssax ed zNitll aSstock Of cottoa stli .:h
he originally obtained in Lou 's:aeA-
Tlis.. .staplag of. This. cotton Was ab4u:
one. and qaae fourth inches. Ey Sc
lection he, produced. about. 1859, the
we'll known. Allen, cotton, which. fre-
queatly ,ul1ed CO and one hshs 'ncc
5es or better. variety! H>ss ,'1:' :.
foundation stock Of practically all OF
:iaes extra staple cettens. wi ll:eh. We're
s;sa.eirsll s:xteasiycs3 :tls,eoag1,eut thn see
& ion bordering al.c mississippi. River
,uptia a fcsx years ago. ~lat,i n eo'aab'-
ratipn Of loltAMeevH depreciation aud
conditions practically caused
the abana aoqple,1t siof this cl;tss Of cot
ton:
The culture Of long staple upland
Gotten in, the Southeastern States, par
ticulariy South Carolina. is based on
varieties ldcreloRed in; TINT territory
BY, scientific methods CT selection
The. first of these .cottons wase Colup1- :
iia. originated about 1882 by Dr. IL.
!. Nchber. n. that time. of the Depart
nent of Agsicul ltare. Nebser. cotton,
which, was derived later from the CO..
lun:hM and introduced by. MIR. u. Il.
Coker, was an Improvement over .ths.
latter variety. It. became very popU r
,ar. ia certain sectinns Of tlc South.
eastern. States and. 70 sesae extent
in the Delta as we'll. The Cookers. by
introducing thc: Nebbsr. EarsssfEe.
and other sons ztap3c cottoDs. aud by
maintaining Il siit-asdsed cs.sb'isIl-
nent for supplying pure seed OF tae.r
.arie:ies., have rendered splendid ser
vice to, the cotton industry. Thtsir es-
forts for influence have greatly pro-
noted the developments OF the ne"
ilons-staple cotton culture in the
Southeastern States.
The boil weevil has had .l1c great
est influence on and has supplied the
principal motive for cotton breeding
work IN the last 10 OF; 10 years, This
Ipest has especially einri2asi2ed TIE
Gs,u sortance Of sarlinsss IN tcotten. zsf'
% rule the humber pf. t1EseyAs IS
Small III eaely summer. at the BEGIN,
ming Of the truiii5l;s season: In the
usual course Of cycpts they Increase IN
sssnrmbers. more or less rapidly as TIC
season advances. but. viii. the pate os
II ;ssincrcaser depending largely on Weath