davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen., 1919-07-03
DEGREES CONFERRED

The Commencement number OF
the Hllsdale Collegian contains an
interesting account of Commence
ment week at Hillsdale College,
Michigan. The paper is issued
monthly by the students, and is a
credit TO the editorial and managing
staff, as well as to the institution
of which it l. the official publica-
ton. Among other important fea-
lures of the commencement pro-
gram was the comforting of honor
airy degrees upon several former
graduates OF Hillsdale. Among the
hOnored few was our own Professor
LeVant Dodge, Of the class of 1872,
who was granted the Doctor Of
Laws degree, after many years of
faithful service as a teacher. For
the past fOrty-five years he has
been connected with Berea College,
latterly as Professor Emeritus OF
Political Science and Greek.
We join with others in extending
congratulations 10 our esteemed
friend on this well-merited reeog-
milton of ripe scholarship and dis
tinguished service which he has
received
The citizen., 1919-07-03
DEPARTMENT ADVISES ON
PLUMBING AND CURTAINS
New Bureau Opens in Y. w. c.
A. Overseas Office.

A new department OF finance has
been organized by the Y. w. @. A. for
It's work In France Miss Constance
Clark OF Pasadena. Cal, IL the execu-
tive. Miss Clark before her recent
coming to France was director OF the
big Y. w. C. A. Hostess House at Camp
Lewis. Washington.
All contracts, lenses and rentals fOt
new buildings will be handled by
Miss E1ith Austin OF New York City,
an experienced architect and builder,
who wilt work through this newly ere
ated section.
Plans for remodeling and decorat-
ing rooms, clubs and hostess houses
taken over by the Y w. G. A. will be
ia the hands OF Miss Mary Buchanan.
an Interior decorator, who comes orig
inally from Scotland, but who has been
working In France for the American
Y. W. &. A since the beginning OF Its
war work there.
In ndfitiOn. the department Is com
plllng lists, suggestions and general
shopping guides for all the buying OF
the Association IN France, including
all kinds OF building equipment from
cretcnne curtains TO plumbing sup
plies.
A cafeteria expert will have a place
IN the department to act ms general ad-
visor ON restaurant and cafeteria prof.
ects OF the Association throughout
France
In short the department IL 10 be
more than finance alone II is 10 be
kind Of general advisory department
and clearing house for all other de
partments In the French association
70 department where dollars will be
measured w against deeds and needs
The citizen., 1919-07-03
WHAT AMERICA CELEBRATES

On July Fourth the American
people do not celebrate merely
The victory they gained over a
mother country which was then
in the power Of a court of German
ancestry and feeling. Nor do the
people celebrate merely the ami
vcrsary Of the time when they at
tanned the right Of self-control and
individual expression.
They also celebrate the final tri-
Imph Of certain distinctive Ameri-
can ideas. On July I, i776, the rep
rcsentaiives of the American col
onies, then only obscure little set
Elements on the fringe Of the un-
tanned wilderness. met 30 discuss
certain principles of liberty very
dear TO these hardy pioneers. They
ended by agreeing upon Declara-
tion in which they set up certain
standards of liberty and democratic
government which sounded very
strange, revolutionary, and vision
airy in the then monarchical world.
This declaration could hardly he
said TO have fallen like a bombshell
in the Europe of kings and empires.
II did not make noise enough for a
bOmbshell. The sages of the world
laughed at it, as the outburst OF a
rustic people far removed from the
ccnters Of experience and wisdom.
Yet the principles announced by
the obscure band of patriots have
overturned the whole world The
inspiration Of liberty was conveyed
first to the peoples Of Western
Europe, several OF whom before
many years either threw off the
yoke Of kings altogether, or curbed
their power.
But the great empires of Central
and Eastern Europe maintained
their scorn Of American liberty uN
TO the recent war. But liberty was
proved too strong for them. II has
put down the mighty from their
seats and exalted them of low de-
gree.
This principle, which had TO
wait from July I. i776, to November
II, 1918. for full vindication, is what
America really celebrates on its
national anniversary.
The citizen., 1919-07-03
CURRENT EVENTS
Continued From psge one)

the battle was SIN going on and barrl-
cades had been erected In the streets.
In Hamburg, too. there were bloody
riots In which many persons were
killed Representatives Of the indus
trial councils seized the political and
military power there. but Gen. Won
Lettow.V Vorbeck was sent with strong
forces 10 restore order
In military circles In Berlin n was
asserted that as soon ms n real com.
munlstic revolt was started there
would be counter-revolutlon The
junkers and milltarists everywhere
were laying plans TO regain control OF
the country on the expected early fall
OF the present government, and there
was n story that Hlndenburg was to
be the leader Of an Independent Prus-
sia that would defy the allies and the
rest of Germany. The Poles inter
cepted messages that revealed a plot
10 reopen the war on the eastern front
with the secret support Of the govern
ment at Berlin. The peace conference
thought this Of sufficient lmpo. .ance
TO warrant the sending OF a note to
President Ebert warning him that his
government would be held strictly
responsible for unofficial support of
any movement against Polish authori-
ty in the territory given Poland In
Posan and East and West Prussia.
The blum that Germany would "go
holshevik" II not treated leniently Is
no longer heard. Much greater Is the
probability that she will revert 10 her
natural condition - autocracy and.
stewing In the bitterness Of her defeat.
devote herself TO schemes OF revenge.
On Thursday the report reached
Paris that the former crown prince
had escaped from Holland and en-
tered Germany with members Of his
saff This was officially denied by
the Dutch government. There was also
report that the former kaiser In
tends TO return 20 Germany In the near
future. The sentiment In Germany In
favor Of william has revived markedly,
but there is little fear that the reac-
tionary elements will rally around his
unpopular eldest son.
II the civilized nations OF the world
have learned their lesson. they will
take the advice OF Clemenceau: BE
careful; keep your powder dry" In.
cidentally. the Tiger" having seen
the day for which he says he waited
g..
early retirement to private life. lie
has greatly accomplished a great
task.
The citizen., 1919-07-03

the mines have orders sufficient 10 run
them FIVE or six days week unless the
threatened exodus Of foreign born labor
occurs
May Be Car Shortage.
present wage agreements between
operators and miners expire with
the proclamation OF peace by the Pres
ldent. A suspension Of mining oper
ations while new wage agreement IL
being negotiated would. OF course, seri.
ously interfere with the production of
coal and II II should occur during the
fall would cause a panic among buyers
and consumers Of coal"
There Is no use In gambling upon
this or any other contingency, fuel ad-
ministratlon officials say. The firm or
adequate coal supply next winter can
be certain by buying coal now. There
Is no other way such assurance
can be obtained. Transportation also
promises to be limiting factor II the
food tide of demand comes at a time
Wnen tne SouuliyS feCoIu Niohs uic
being carried. In some districts II
would appear certain that. notwith-
standing the utmost endeavors of the
Railroad Administration and the utll-
lzatlon Of It's experience last fall. car
shortage will be a cause limiting buti-
minous coal production. aud for that
reason IL is problematical whether the
expected production of 50O.0O00OO tons
can be attained this year.
Shortage Of labor already Is fac.
tor that Is cutting down the output IN
some coal producing sections. accord.
ing to the Surveys report. The opera.
tors report that from 10000 10 ~ paA
forelgn-born miners expect TO return TO
Europe as soon as they can get pass
ports and that many have already re-
turned. II continued this movement
will be capable OF producing but one
result-a reduction OF the amount OF
coal mined in districts where the mine
labor is largely foreign-born. and there
are many such districts
He who needs coal should hesitate
no longer. Now u the time to buy
coal
The citizen., 1919-07-03
School News from Various Departments
BEREA IN NORTH CAROLINA

bEhEA IN NUM- OAhOblNh
Bcrea, citizens and students, re-
member Professor Calfee and Mrs.
Calree with loving regard, and we
were delighted to discover the hill
top in Asheyillc, ~ G., on which
their Normal School stands. u is
Normal school for women only,
which is a pity, but in many ways
it is patterned after Berca. II has
the advantages and disadvantages Of
being in a small city. and its Sum
mer School is larger than ours. One
OF the short course teachers for the
Summer School is Bcrea's trustee,
Doctor Lyman Of Michigan. The
Calfces are all right
Ten miles east of Asheville is
Farm School name OF school and
postoflice the same where the
Marshes are in charge. This is a
long established institution, with a
square mile of mountain land $500
feet above the sea, and good set
OF buildings. The school is to ac-
commodate $50 boys, but the burning
of a dormitory has cut the number
down TO about 100 at present. Will
son Marsh is here also, and Eliza
beth Marsh, teacher at State Col
lege at GreensbOrOugh, is visiting
for a week preparatory TO a Sum-
mer at Columbia.
Though rough. this is a good
farming section full of thrifty peo-
pie, and we have in sight some of
the highest mountains east Of the
Mississippi. The Marshes are do
ing large thing here 80 boys from
Kentucky and other states beyond
the borders of North Carolina Il
and already have made friends with
their neighbors through wide
region.
And we find that all North Caro-
lima knows Berea. Hardly a farm
hand by the road side who does not
know a teacher who has been there.
Another ten miles east brings TO
Black Mountain which is the sta
tiCn for Blue Ridge where are great
assembly and boarding halls for
succession of summer schools in
general charge Of Berea's trustee.
Doctor Weatherford. Last week
there were four conferences in ses-
sion at the same time with a COM
bined attendance Of over 800. We
were most interested in the one for
Y NJ. C. A. secretaries, and the
American Home Economics Asso-
citation. The Y. NJ. C. A. secretaries
are going TO do the things that need
TO be done - like providing good
recreation, and stopping the abuse
of the colored people. And the
Home Economics Association con-
firmed our most important ideas
about the Boarding Hall which is
Berea's most fundamental equip
ment.
Still farther east is Montreal, a
Methodist Assembly Ground, which
we expect TO visit later, and where
We shall certainly find another
group of Berea people.
IL is higher and cooler here than
in Berea, and our homes more free
from interruption. We are sleep
ing and resting as we have not done
for a long time. But we would like
TO slip into the Thursday night
prayermeetings among our dea:
neighbors. w. G. F.
The citizen., 1919-07-03
WILSON STARTS HOME
FAREWELL TENDERED TO PRgsi-
DErT AS LINER SAILS FROM
FRENCH HAR6oR.
Guns Boom last Salute as Party EN-
barks-President Is Silent When
Open Sea 10 Reaehed-Navy Craft
Escort Ship From Pier at Brest-

Western Newspaper Union News Service
Brest-The treaty with Germany
signed. President Nilson sailed from
Brest on his return 10 the United
States. The 4. =. s George washlnf
ton, carrying the presidential partya
steamed from the harbOr. The dee
parture of the President from Franccll
caused little excitement AT this port a
There was n distance OF only 20 feet .
between the point where his special
train stopped and the motor launch
waiting to convey him To the George
Washington. There WIS little cheering
and applause from the several thou
sands who had gathered at the en-
barkation pier. A procession of So
ciaI.sis. singing the "Internationale."
debouchod from the Rue Siam as the
President walked across the pier. The
Pres dent waved his silk hat Ia the
paraders Gathered on the wharf were
French and American officials.
Among the first 10 greet the Presi-
den were Admiral H. Salaun and Ad-
mlral T. ~ Benoit. of the French
navy lfhi Auihlihl n - ilhlNl'hhs
OF the American navy, and Major Gen
eral T.. A. Hclmlck and Brigadler Cen
eral SmeJley Butler greeted the Presl-
dent Ia urn. Mrs. Wilson was pre-
serted with a bouquet of Brittany
roses by Mrs Josephine Lewis, Of Gin
cinnati, OHIO, representing the Amer
lean Cross In France. Mrs Wilson
wore a navy blue tailored dress and 4
neat but simple, little hat, apparently
the latest creation from the Rue de Ia
PaiX. She smiled and thanked Mrs.
Lewis aud chatted briefly with her.
3lrs. Wilson appeared Tired and ia
tlgued, ana apparently was In hurry
10 reach the launch The band of the
Tenth ChasSeurs played "The Star
Spangled Banner" and the "Marsei-
lalse" the President descended the
steps 10 the launch. AZ the launch be-
gan to move company of Marines
aud veterans of the User presented
arms and cries OF "Nive Wilson 80
'Nive Ameriquei !" aud "Vive In Palx 70
The citizen., 1919-07-03
Train Hits Automobile

Dayton.-rwo persons were kllle
two died shortly after having reach
a hospital, another sustained lnjuri
which probably will result fatally, anu
five others were badly cut and bruised
when II northbound baltimore and
Ohio passenger train crashed into an
automobile nj u crossing near Tippe-
canoe City, II miles north OF Dayton.
The entire party, with the exception
Of Elmer Ressler, who Jumped IN time
to escape serious injury were carried
with the wreckage on the pilot OF the
engine a thousand feet.
The citizen., 1919-07-03

Austria will follow Germany's lead
and accept the terms imposed on IL.
and Itsly's new government. headed
by Nitti. has given assurance OF Its
adherence TO she treaty prepared. Dis
patches from Vienna said a political
impeachment was materializing be-
tween Italy and Austria. especially
concerning Tyrol At home Nltti Is
having a hard row 20 hoe, his political
opponents. especially the nationalists
headed by D'ADnunzio. attacking him
iercely for his attitude on the Adri-
attic question.
Bulgaria remains 20 be dealt with.
and so does Turkey. The latter has
not helped her cause any by her recent
actions. Strong bodies OF Turkish sol
diery have attacked the Greek forces
In Asia Minor and forced them back
toward the coast. OF course Greece
has made protest. and so far as IL
known the Turks have not explained
their action.
The citizen., 1919-07-03
TEACHER SHORTAGE SERIOUS

Calls Tor teachers are coming
from all parts Of the State. Better
salaries than i'm the past are being
offered for teachers in rural schools,
and experience is not demanded.
Young people Of character and am
bi'ion have fine opportunity TO
get a start this year which will
prove great advantage TO them
later on when better positions de-
manding experience are open. ANY
one Interested in these rural school
positions would do well 10 com
municate at once with Dean MEAL
lister of the Berea Normal school,
The citizen., 1919-07-03
ssthmann.hoIl,xeu Reauess Trial.

Berlin Dr. Theobald Won Beth
mann-llollweg, former German Chan
cell formally has asked be allied
and associated Powers TO place him on
trial instead OF the former Emperor
The former Chancellor SAYS he as
sumes responsibility for the acts OF
Germany during his period of Office,
and places himself at the d sp0sal of
the allies. The request Of the former
Chancellor was made June - In a
comnunicauO Jon ~ Premier Clemenceau,
Pres dent of The conference Won
Bethmann-llollweg, II Is said, desired
to take this step ON May 20, but re-
Trained AT that time on the expressed
wish Of the German Government.
The citizen., 1919-07-03
COAL SnC6TheE
ON Way; GOVT.
SAYS BUY NOW
May Be Repetition Of I917.18
Conditions Next Winter Says
Geological Survey.
MINES IDLE WITHOUT ORDERS.
Those Who Delay Ordering
Longer May Not Get fhelr
Fuel Later On.

The United States Geological Surrey
announces from Washington the prob
ability of another general coal short
age next fall and winter. The an
nouncement 10 based. the Survey
states, upon nationwide study OF
conditions In the bituminous field
Unless steps are taken at once. the
Survey says, to place the mines upon
a basis of increased production there
is every prospect of a repetition TO
some degree Of the situation that pre-
vailed in the United States during the
winter OF l9l7-ls.
The only way production can be stim-
ulated at the present time, II is said. Is
by placing orders with the mines for
coal which will be needed later on.
Production during the first five months
Of the year." reads the statement. fell
81. .292, 900 net tons, or approxim ltely
259e below production during the first
five months Of 1918. Mines are produc-
ing coal now al the rate of from 5000
900 to s,5O0,O00 tons a week. An aver
age output of 100000 tons a week
must be maintained from June To
January l next II the country's estl-
mated needs OF 5OO,OO0OOO tons this
year are 10 be met"
Evil OF Delayed Orders.
At no time during this year has the
rate Of production approached the re-
quired tonnage. The tendency on the
part Of buyers TO hold of placing their
orders is limiting production, as the
mines cannot store coal at the point OF
production, and when the rush Of
orders for the winters needs comes
next fall there is grave danger thar
the mines, with depleted labor forces
and the probability Of less adequate
transportation, viii be unable TO meet
the demands The result of such a sit.
uatlon would be an insufficient supply
for the requirements OF domestic con.
sumers, public utilities and Industrial
users generally.
ut is believed that requirements for
this year" reads a Survey statement
TO Fuel Administrator Garfield. "win
be about 53OOO0,OO0 tons Of blmmlnous
coal. Of which approximately 3O,OOOOO
tons have been used from stocks accu-
mulated last year, leaving hOO.OOOOO0
tons 10 be produced. OF this 100000
900 tons l7SOO0,OOO tons were produc-
ed during the first i've months, leaving
322, 100000 tons 10 be produced IN the
remaining 80 weeks, or an average OF
100000 tons week.
Thus far this year production has
been at the rate OF S,2O0,OOO tons
week. In 1918 production was at the
rate Of 100000 tons "A week
This production will be difficult OF ac-
complishment The capacity OF operat-
ing mines at the present time with labor
now on the payroll is about 1919 lower
than II was last year This deficiency
may be made Up In part-or wholly II
The citizen., 1919-07-03
Premier Eittrs Residence Threatened.

Rome Serious disorders marked
antl-government demonstrations iR
Rome. The participants attempted 10
reach the residence OF Premier Nltti,
but were Dir ven back by large forces
OF military police. Order finally was
restored
The citizen., 1919-07-03

English commissioners. His main pur.
pose In coming to the United States IL
TO compel our government. by force
of public opinion, 10 recognize Official
ly the Irish republic. In the senate
he has number Of supporters who
assert the principle Of self-determlna-
tlon should apply TO such countries as
Ireland. India. Egypt and Korea as
well as TO the countries OF central
Europe. At least, they declare. these
people should have the chance to pre-
sent their claims to independence to
the peace conference. The American
peace delegation was taken to task
for not complying with the resolution
Of the senate requesting the president
to procure hearing for the Irish
representatives.
The great sympathy strike In wlnni-
peg came to an end Thursday. being
called of by the strike committed The
terms of settlement were left to
government commission. ON the
whole the strike was n failure.
Chicago and New York both had
serious and embarrassing labor trou-
bles last week. In the former city the
street cleaners. garbage and ash han
dlers and job foremen and the team
sters and chauffeurs working for the
city and on city Jobs went on strike.
and many other city employees made
demands for more pay. In New York
n strike Of teamsters almost deprived
the city Of It's supply Of vegetables and
fruits.
An interesting innovation was the
organization Of labor union Of navy
officers. begun In the Atlantic feet,
for the purpose OF obtaining increased
pay and other concessions from the
government. II Is planned 10 afiillate
with the American Federation OF La
bor and to extend the union 70 include
the Pacific fleet and the European and
Asintic squadrons. clause In the
navy regulations virtually forblds the
formation of such organizations. but
the facts that their pay has not been
increased since 1908 and that the
Communication OF quarters 20 officers at
sea now Is In danger OF being cut OF
apparently have made the officers de-
fiant Of the rule.
The citizen., 1919-07-03

Jassy, Roumanla.-Pierre Z. Carp,
former Premier OF Roumania, is dead.
lie was So years old. =.
The citizen., 1919-07-03

Slowly changing sentiment In the
United States senate has caused the
opponents Of the League OF Nations
In that body almost to abandon hope
Of It's defeat but enough Of them stlll
demand the amendment Of ihe cove
stands. Senator Borah Is unremittlng
In his fight against both the covenant
and the treaty. attacking them on
every occasion. In talking against
the proposed American army Of 400.
600 men he said the league covenant
offers no hope OF disarmament. but In
stead makes certain an era Of the
greatest armaments the world has
ever seen. The senate passed this bill
which carries an army appropriation
Of SSSSOOO.OO0. The bill as passed by
the house provided for 100000 men
and appropriated S71S.OOO.OO. The
house majority In opposing the larger
temporary army Is seeking 10 hasten
the entire reorganization OF the army
and the adoption Of n permanent mill
tary policy. The naval bill presented
to the senate also Is larger than that
passed by the house. carrying an ap-
preparation OF SG4G, ,272.OOO and In
creasing the personnel to l0l 600 men.
Plans for President Wilson's speech
making tour In support of the treaty
and League Of Nations covenant are
not yet completed but II is said he
certainly will go as far as 10 the Pa
cific coast. His return TO America will
not be much longer delayed. and as
soon as he has spoken in Washington
and New York he will start on his
trip. The opposition senators also are
arranging tours In which. II is under
stood. they will both precede and fol-
low the president.
The citizen., 1919-07-03

The agitation In this country In be-
half of Free Ireland" Is increasing.
and the movement has reached such
proportions that II cannot be ignored.
The propaganda Is carried on ener-
getically and openly and the govern
ment could not do anything 10 check
II II Il would. Eamonn DE Valera.
president of the Irish Republic" who
has been In America for several weeks
visiting Washington and other cities.
has emerged from his privacy aud IL
publicly working for the Independence
Of his country and arranging for
bond issue of S5.OOOOO0. lie gave out
the text of letter his government"
sent 10 the peace conference warning
II that Ireland would not be bound
by any treaty signed In Its behalf by
The citizen., 1919-07-03

the mines have orders sufficient 10 run
them five or six days a week unless the
threatened exodus OF foreign born labor
occurs.