South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-05-19
EX- KAISER NOT
FIRST RULER To
BECOME OUTLAW
Napoleon Was imprisoned,
While Louis XVI and
Charles ! Lost Heads.
by J. ". T. MASON.

NEW YORK. May T. so prece-
dent exists uader international law
for the trial OF william Hohenzol-
Tern. ex-emperor OF Germany. by
"a court OF The allies. nevertheless
this VIII not Boz the first case OF "A
monarch. above the law" brought
90 punishment by extra-legal means
when Napoleon began 20 be de
serted by his soldiers boz 1919. and
saw his hopes OF final victory vanish.
be- entrusted Marsal Ney and others
Of his friends with the work OF me-
gotiatiug terms with the allied en-
envy powers The allies insisted upon
Napoleon's sbdication on behalf OF
himself and his heirs as emperor Of
France and king Of italy. Napoleon
consented The allies thereupOn did
not bring him 20 trial but con
linued the negotiations. ln the end
Napoleon was permitted 20 keep the
iitle 81 emperor with an allow
snce OF $4,000 yearly. Chiefly
through the influence Of Car Alex
ander. Elba was created priuci-
pality for him. and ne was sent there
ostensibly as its ruler but in reality
"a prisoner
Napoleon Became Outlaw
After NapOleOn's escape from
Elba, and his defeat az Waterloo
ne became. in effect. an outlaw. He
ed To Paris from Waterloo and alb
dicated again. The Prussians We're
marching toward Paris, intent on
making Napoleon a prisoner OF war.
and the French provisional govern
ment ordered him TO leave the cap
itOl Napoleon was advised 10 try TO
escape TO America He got as far
AZ Rochefort on the French coast,
hoping TO find an American sailing
ship there. The British man-Of-war
Bellerophon. however. was In the
harbOr. and escape was impossible
The French royalists were now
pursuing Napoleon, and rather than
fall into the hands OF his own cOun-
trymen. Napoleon boarded the Belle
rophon and surrendered uncondi-
tionally to the British. The Bellero-
phon took MIN 10 Plymouth. From
there ne was sent TO ST. Helena by
order OF The British government. He
was stripped OF his imperial digni-
ties. as punishment for his escape
from Elba. and thereafter was
known not as Emperor Napoleon,
but as Gen. Bonaparte.
Louis XVI Convicted.
Previous 70 this termination OF
the Corsican's public career. the
French had used extra-legal author
ity for Kidding themselves of the
Bourbon monarchy. The national
convention OF the French revolution,
on sept. 20, 1892. decreed the es-
adjustment OF a republic. Louis
XVI, who lost his throne by this act.
fell under suspicion OF cOnspiring to
restore the monarchy. A charge of
treason was brought against him,
ana ne was brought to trial before
The convention, Jan. 10. 1898. A ma
iority vote alone OF the convention
was declared necessary 10 convict
on Jan. 20, the convention voted
SS7 for conviction. and 33S for ac-
quittal There was no authority in
French law for this procedure. but
that fact didn't save Louis head
and he was guilIotined Jan. p.
House OF Commons Acted.
The English had greater Difficult
ties in erading the law before they
succeeded in beheading the last OF
their own absolutists. Charles
Charles had attempted 10 intimidat,
ne house OF commons into dOinl
his viii by storming the halls sacred
10 the elected representatives OF tht
People Nevertheless. when Crom-
wells soldiers captured Charles and
called upon the commons 10 proceed
against him. the sense OF lawful pro
cedure was too strong among a ma
iority OF the members for them I,
act in so unprecedented a case.
Therefore. the Cromwell warrior
under command OF Col Pride. EN-
ployed wha was after called Pride
purge They forcibly expelled Il
members Of the commons who wer
favorable 10 Charles other mem
bers OF the house prudently remain
"a away. until there were only abou
30 in attendance This body was tn
famous "rump parliament on Jan
Z. 1919. IL declared Charles guilty O
treason The house of lords refuse
10 agree. and the commons resolve
that the right OF legislation was
possession Of the Commouers alone
They also declared they could max
laws without the kings consent.