The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-05

contempt, but X there Is a League ~
Nations Italy need not fear the fa.,
that the shores on the otner side =,
the Adriatio tower above her lowa,
sandy shores on her slice Of the a..
because there will be no threatsr-
ing guns there and the nations OF m.
world will have considered not merslv
to see that the Slavic peoples nav.
their rights, but that the italian peo.
pie have their rights as well. Womb
rather have everybody on my SID
than be armed to the teeth ana ever
settlement that is right, every settla-
ment that IL based upon the prinei-
pies have alluded TO II a safe settle
ment because the sympathy Of man.
kind will be behind it.
Some gentlemen have feared wis
regard to the League Of Nations. tbs,
we will be obliged to do things wa
don't want to do. II the treaty were
wrong that might be SO; but IL the
treaty Is right we win wish 10 nrs-
serve right think know the hsav.
OF this great people whom l Tor m.
time being have the high honor IA
represent better than some other man
that 1 hear talk.
have been bred and am propt
TeVOlu-
tionary stock which set this Coyern-
ment UP, when America was set up a.
a friend of mankind, and 1 know,
they do not-that America has never
lost that vision or that purpose.
But I haven't the slightest fear
that arms will be necessary II thu
purpose is there. If know thar
my adversary Is armed and 1 am not
1 do not press the controversy, ana
II any nation entertains selfish pur.
poses set against the principles estab-
lished in this treaty, and is told by
the rest of the world that IL must
withdraw its claims, it will not press
them.
The heart OF this treaty then. nv
fellow citizens, is not even that Il
Furnishes Germany-that is a tempo
rary thing-it IL that 1t rectifles the
age-long wrong which characterized
the history Of Europe.
There were some OF US who wished
that the scope OF the treaty would
reach some other age-long wrong
1t was a big Job and don't say that
we wished that 1t were larger, but
there were other wrongs elsewhere
than in Europe, and of the same kind.
which no doubt ought to be righted,
and some day will be righted, but
which We could not draw into the
treaty because we could deal only
with the countries whom the war had
enguifed and affected. But so far
as the scope of our treaty went, we
rectifed the wrongs which have been
the fertile source of war in Europe
Revolutions Evolved slowly.
Have you ever reflected, my fel-
low countrymen, on the real source
of revolutions? Men don't start rev.
olutions in a sudden passion. Do you
remember what Thomas Carlyle said
about the French Revolution? He was
speaking of the so-called Hundred
Days Terror which reigned not only
in Paris, but throughout France in
the days of the French Revolution;
and he reminded his readers that
back of that Hundred Days Of Terror
lay several hundred years OF agony
and of wrong. The French people had
been deeply and consistently wronged
by the Government, robbed, their hu-
man rights disregarded, and the slow
agony of those hundreds Of years had
after a while gathered into a hot
agony that could not be suppressed
Revolutions DON'T spring up over
night revolu h ms gather through the
ages; revolutions come from the long
suppression of the human spirit rev.
olutions come because men know that
they have rights and that they are
disregarded. And when we think OF
the future of the world in connec-
ton with this treaty, We must re-
member that one of the chief efforts
of those who made this treaty was 10
remove that anger from the heart
of great peoples, great peoples who
had always been suppressed and al
ways been used, who had always been
the tools In the hands of Govern
ments-generally of alien Govern
ments-not their own. And the max
ers OF the treaty knew that IL these
wrongs were not removed, there could
be no pace in the world, because
after all. my fellow citizens, war
comes from the seed OF wrong, and
not from the seed of right. This treaty
is an attempt to right the history
of Europe, and in my humble judg.
ment, it is measurable success.
say measurable" my fellow citl-
Zens, because you will realize the diff
ficulty of this. Here are two neigh
boring peoples. The one people have
hOh oloppCu At d llllt oAAN N''N
settlements Of the other people, or
their migrations, begun at that sharp
line; they have interTningled. There
are regions where you can't draw
national line and say there are Slays
on this side and Italians on that,
there is this people there and that
people there. It can't be done. You
have to approximate the line. You
have TO come TO II, as near TO II as
you can, and then trust to the process
of history to redistribute, 1t may be,
the people who are on the wrong side
OF the line. And there are many such
lines drawn in this treaty, and to be
drawn in the Austrian treaty, and
where perhaps there are more lines OF
that sort than IN the German treaty
When we came to draw the line be-
tween the Polish people and the Ger
man people, not the line between Ger
many and Poland-there wasn't any
Poland. strictly speaking-the line
between the German people and the
Polish people. There were districts
like the upper part OF Silesia, or
rather the eastern part of Silesia
which is called Upper Silesia," be-
cause 1t is mountainous, and the Other
part is not. High Silesia IS chiefly
Polish. and when we came to draw
line to represent Poland, Il was
necessary to include High Slesia, y
we were really going to play fair and
make Poland up of the Polish peoples
wherever we found them In sufllcl-
emily close neighborhood 10 ono an
other.
But it wasn't perfectly clear that
Upper-that High Silesia wantd 10 be
part of Poland. At any rate there were
Germans in High Silesia who ssid
that It did not. and therefore we d!d
there what we did in many other
places we said, VERY well, then, We
will let the people that live There 90