davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31
MADAME WALKER
PASSES AWAY

The news of the passing of Madame
c. ]. Walker, the famous Hair Cultur-
ist brought a distinct shock to the
race in all sections of the country
and many expressions of regrets and
sympathy were heard in this city
where she was frequent visitor and
was quite well known.
Mrs. Walker died last Sunday after
a long illness surrounded by the most
eminent physicians of both races and
everything that could be done that
was possible. Her illness dates from
a breakdown that occurred in st. Louis
several weeks ago while on a speech
making tour and as recounted in these
columns at that time she was carried
to her home in New York on a special
car attended by surgeons and nurses.
Her last public act was to write a
check for $5,OO0.OO for the National
Association at the Anti-Lynching Con-
ference
Nine. Walkers Biography.
Nine. c. ]. Walker was born at
Delta, La, Dec. %, 1867, the daughter
of owen and Minerva Breedlove. Both
of her parents dying she became an
orphan at the age of six. When IA
years of age she married Rev. ]. ].
Walker and became a widow when
20 years of age. From the union re-
suited one child, now Mrs. Leila Welk.
er John d. Robinson. Moving to st.
Louis she received a meagre educa-
tion there which she gradually and
constantly perfected by reading
and travelling Inspired through a
dream to begin the practice of beauty
culture for her people she introduced
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31

a hair rgowing preparation and began
its manufacture in 1905. She then
moved with her daughter and her bus
mess to Denver, where she remained
one year. After two years of travel
ing and prospecting for suitable bus
mess location, settled in Pittsburgh in
1903. Leaving her business in charge
of her daughter and continuing the
selling of her products on the road she
finally settled in indianapolis, Ind, in
1910, since which time her business
has developed a thousand fold, ex
tending throughout North America, the
West Indies and South America. The
Nine. c. ]. Walker Manufacturing Co
now employs $4,000 agents, her annual
business exceeding 100000. Her Ir
vington home is worth a quarter of
million dollars.
Her Beautiful Home.
For her home she could hardly have
chosen a more attractive spot. The
site is in the most exclusive part o.
Irvintogn Village. on Broadway neal
Fargo Lane, commanding a magnifi
cent view of the Hudson, the hills be
yond and the surrounding country. L
sweeps the Hudson for miles about
and may be plainly viewed by pleas
ure craft passing up and down th'
river. The structure, a three-stor!
and basement affair with roof of rel
tile, is in the Italian renaissance styl'
of architecture and was designed by V
w. Tandy, a colored architect. 1t 1
113 feet long, 60 wide and stands Il
the center of four and quarter acr
plot. 1t is fireproof, of structural TIL
with an outer covering of creamco
ored stucco and has "a rooms. In tn
basement are a gymnasium, baths an
showers, kitchen and pantry, servant
dinig room, power room for an orga
and storage vaults for valuables.
The main entrance is on the mort
side. The visitor enters a marbl
room, where a marble stairway, lead
to the floor above. On the first floo
are the library and conservatory, III
ing room 2f by 32 feet, furnished
Italian style, a Louis XIV drawn
room IS by As feet feet, ad dining rooI
with a hand-painted ceiling Ad1oil
ing the two drawing rooms is a a~chan
ber for a $4,000 orang, which may .
played automatically or by ham
Nine. Walker likes music. When tn
organ is played sounding pipes wi
carry the strains to different room
in the house.
The second floor contains bedroom
bathrooms, showers, dressing room
sewing rooms and two slseepir
norches. On the third floor are Sc
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31
Trotter In Paris
(By Associated Negro Press.)

Boston, Mass, May 31.-The appear
ance in Paris of William Monroe Trot-
ter, has solved, in part, the cause for
the recent non-appearance of the Bos-
ton Guardian. +. Trotlsr has issued
a statement in Paris to tra effect that
he represents 100000 Negroes in
this country, and seeks to lay before
the peace conference a protest against
American social injustices. +. Wood
row Wilson is also there. Mr.. Trotter
is reminded.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31
MAKING A HIT

Come and see what the Woodmen
are doing. Hear the Hon. c. NJ. White
at Labor Temple, 14th and Woodland.
The Woodmen banquet, June 3rd, is
destined to be the seasons festival.
There will be music and dancing. The
huge banquet table will be spread at
1880. The honored guests are: Prof.
j. R. E. Lee and wife, Prof. H. L. Cox
and wife, Lawyer w. c. Hueston and
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31

wife, Lawyer c. H. Galloway and
wife, Lawyer w. A. Clark and wife,
c. A. Astwood and wife, H. B. Moore
and wife, R. V. Adkins and wife, Rev.
]. W. Hurse and wife, P. A. Ross, G.
W. Mosley, C. A. Franklin, E. Bar
ber and wife, J. w. Long, DIR. ]. E.
Dibble, DR.. D. NJ. Miller, DR.. w. ].
Thompkins, Deputy C. A. Campbell
and Company, Deputy J. S. Harris
and Company, Deputy N. S. Adkins
and wife, Deputy E. F. Thompson and
wife, Deputy W. w. Graham and wife.
May we add you? If so, call the
American Woodmen office, not later
than May 31st. Bell phone E. 4648.
w. A. CAMPBELL,
Supervisor of the American Wood
men.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31

If you are going to buy graduation
gifts for your boys and girls, why not
buy them from that splendid jeweler
and representative of the Race, Mr..
]. A. Wilson, who for twenty years
has been Kansas City's foremost bust
ness man, and only jeweler? Go see
what he has.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31
lRy Associated NEGRO Press }

Nashville, Tenn, ay 31.-A com
munity laundry" is to be established in
this city for the Colored housewives.
The women may carry their clothes
there and launder them after the most
approved fashion. The plan is part OF
missionary effort of the Methodist
Epispocal Church, South, and the
building is to cost $4,000.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31
1918 REPORT.
DAILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOL.
WEST BOTTOMS.

We, the Committee on Daily Vaca-
ton Bible School, take this opportun-
ity to express our gratitude to all who
contributed to this cause last summer
and submit the following report:
RECEIPTS.
Women's Clubs-Clio $500, Athen-
eaum $500, Utopia $500, Woman's
League $780, Kewpie $500, Harmony
$500, Hesperian $500, Sorosis, $500,
Postal Clerks Auxiliary $1OO. Total
$4,000.
CHURCHES.
Rev. Jenkins $425, Rev. Ewing
80 90, Rev, Davis sos, Rev. Hurse
$615 Rev. Daniels $3.15, Rev. Osborne
$9.15, Rev Moore, $115, Rev. Bolden
$l5O, Rev. Griffin S5O5, Rev. Clay
$275, Rev. Alphin $500, Rev. Bacote
S542, Rev. Thomas $525, Rev. Rich
ardson $415, Rev. Bowren $685., Rev.
Wells S4.01, Rev. Booker $3.50. Total
$73.36.
/ Helen Hagan Concert, by courtesy
of Prof J. R. E. Lee, $500. Indivi-
dual donations, Mrs. Cook $1.OO, Mrs,
Becks $1OO, unnamed 6Oc, members
of Com. S275. Total $5.35 Grand to-
tai receipts $194.71.
EXPENSES.
Endowment $500, teachers salaries
$4,000 rent $3.50, registration cards
$500 Bible stories $500 ice cream for
children $753, Miscellaneous sS55
janitor $1.75. Total $194.SS. Balance
in Treasury, 3Sc.
All Of the supplies were donated
through Mr. Not Spencer. e,
Estella Woods, Chairman,
Louise Winn, Secretary,
, Pearl Dabney, Treasurer.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31
Commencement Program
AT WESTERN UNIVERSITY
Quindaro, Kansas.

1st Sunday, Baccaaureate sermon by Bishop H. B.
Parks, D. D. Evening" religious by
e. A. Gregg, A. B.
June 2nd Monday Glass night exercises Glass 1919
Tuesday, A. Meeting of
Trustees Oratoca gold prize
Viola Kinney-Ferguson Silver
4th, Wednesday, Program Alumni
Address Douglass, Illinois Legislature.
5th, Thursday 2Srd Annual Commencement
Address. by Col Charles Young IT, s. A introduced by
c
F.. JESSE PECK President.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31
Negro Trains Dempsey
(ey Associated Nearo Press J

Toledo, May 31.-Harry Willis, one
of the greatest heavyweights in the
country, has been signed by Dempseys
manager, Jack Kearns, as one of the
eight crack sparring partners engaged
to tune up Dempsey for his coming
fight with Jess Willard, July 4, for
the heavyweight title,
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31
Louisville, Ky.-Col. Otis B. Duncan

Louisville, Ky.-Col. Otis B. Duncan,
Chicago, H., commander of the 3lOth
Infantry Gold Eighth, Illinois,, the
Races foremost soldier, who won the
Croix de Guerre from the French gov
ernment for his bravery and heroism
spoke at Broadway Temple A. M. e
Zion Church Thursday evening of last
week. He was introduced by Cary B
Lewis of the Chicago Defender.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31
EXPENSES.

The Editor is in receipt of an invi-
tation to attend the meeting OF the
Association for the Study of Negro
Life and History, which convenes
June II and IS, in its biennial session
at Washington, D. c.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31

DR.. 5urris jenkins will address the
Sunday Forum at st. James, 1905
Woodland Avenue, at $3.50 p. M, Sun
day, June list.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31

Mr.. and Mrs. Pearman of GA Char
lotte street, have moved to their new
home, 1928 Garfield avenue.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31
Madame c. J. WALKER dead
YOUNG I. S. A. TO BE ROYALTY RECEIVED HERR


wants quarters. The owner employs
eight servants. The entire race
mourns the loss of this great woman.
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31

Demonstrating Entirely
"PAUL BEFORE KING AeRIPPA"
At Labor Temple Monday Night June 2, 1919.
auspices of Tabernacle Morning
we'll
Admission: Adults
cents Children under IL years
E. 18th
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31
WHAT

HAVE YOU TO SELL
OR RENT?
ADVERTISE 1T IN THE SUN
The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1919-05-31

We are going after 100000 by
June, 1920-Help us!
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1919-04-30

city Democratic executive committee
Is concerned, all factlonal disagree
ments over officers was settled at q
harmony" meeting last evening
when frank II. Frost became chair
man, R. c. Richardson secretary, and
d. +. Craig, treasurer.
Judge DeVorc issued an order this
evening vacating the temporary in
junction and oredr to show cause is
sued Thursday night In response to
action brought by J. A. Black and r..
G. Richardson, who were ousted by the
Grace committeeman. W. Turner Lo-
gan and d. T.. Craig being elected in
their places. All action taken tonight
with Mr.. Frost appointed by the court
on agreement Of the factions as chair
man was unanimous and the situation
is satisfactory to all interests.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1919-04-30

Of nations covenant as made public by
the state department.
Senator Borah OF Idaho (Republi-
CAM, one Of the leading opponents Of
the league, in statement, however,
reiterated his declaration that despite
the changes he could not support the
proposed covenant.
Supporters Of the league plan, how
ever, reiterated their belief that the
revised covenant would be ratified by
the senate.
From a cursory examination OF the
covenant" said Senator Henderson Of
Nevada Oemocrat, 81 believe the in
sertion Of the Monroe doctrine amend
ment, the two year Withdrawal clause
and provision removing domestic
questions from the league as well as
the other changes that have been
made will virtually meet all the objec-
tions raised against it,"
A similar view was expressed by
Senator Pittman OcmocraD, also of
Nevada and member of the foreign
relations committee.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1919-04-30
BISHOP HOSS DIES
AT OKLAHOMA HOME

Widely Known as Writer, Editor and
Educator In Southern Methodist
Church.
Muskogee, Okla, April 22.-Bishop
Embrce Hoss Of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church. South, died at his home
here at 9:30 o'clock tonight following
a paralytic stroke two months ago.
He was born in !oneston Trnn. April
II. 1910.
Bishop Hoss, also widely known as
writer, editor and educator. was
educated at Emory and Henry Col
lege, Emory, Va. He married Miss
Abbie b. Clark, Christiansburg Va, in
November, 1872. He had entered the
HolSton Conference Of the NJ f..
Church, South. in 1869 and was in
charge Of the pastoratc at Knoxville
Tenn. in 1870. At the close Of his
year at Knoxville he was transferred
to the Pacific Coast Conference and
was pastor at San Francisco in 1872
after which he was transferred to the
North Carolina Conference and was
pastor at Asheville in 1875.
Doctor IIoss became president of
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1919-04-30

and creditors Of the said. w. w. Madden
deceased, that they be and appear be-
fore me, in the Court Of Probate, to be
held at Laurens Court House, I4aurens,
S.. c., on the 14th day Of May, 1919 next,
after publication hereof, at II o'clock
in the forenoon, to show cause, II any
they have, why the said administration
should not be granted.
Given under my hand this 28th day
Of April, Ammo Domini 1919.
o. G.. THoMnPSON,
41-2t-A J. p. l.. G..
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1919-04-30

the Martha Washington College,
Abingdon, Va, In 1876. In 1881 he was
made vice president Of Emory and
Henry College, later becoming it's
president. He was professor of &C.
clesiastical history in Vanderbilt Uni
versity from 1885 until he became the
editor of the Nashville Christian Ad-
vocate in 1890. This work he con-
tinucd until 1902.
His more pretentious writings in
clude "The New Age" published in
1906; David Morton, a Biography"
1916; methodist Fraternity and Fed
Grafton" compilation Of essays and
papers, 1913, and william McKendres,
Biographical Study" 1914.
In 1902 he was confirmed as bishop
and continued his hiehopic until re-
lievcd in May 1918, on account OF ILL
ness. Since that time he had been
making his home with & son in Mus
kogcc.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1919-04-30
Citation for Letters Of Administration.
State Of South Carolina,
County of Laurens.

BY o. G. Thompson, Probate Judge:
Whereas Laura Madden made suit
to me, to grant her Letters Of Admin
istration of the estate and effects Of
w. w. Madden.
These are therefore, to cite and ad-
mOnish all and singular the kindred
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1919-04-30
BORAH STILL REFUSES
no SUPPORT LEAGUE

Supporters OF Plan Think Amendments
Insure Ratification by the Senate,
However,.
Washington, April Members OF
the senate were greatly interested to-
night in the revised text Of the league
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1919-04-30
PARTY DIFFERENCES
AMICABLY SETTLED

Charleston Democrats Agree on Diyi.
sion OF Executive Committee Offices.
Charleston, April 27.-So far us the
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1919-04-30

Piles Cured In 6 to IA Days
DrugGists refund money If PAZO OINTMENT fails
TO cure Itching Blind Bleeding or ProtrudiD9 Piles.
rcstful sleep after the first application. Price Coo
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-11-03
RE10I'llI.l.I..Il1DR'B !.
BAY IN OCTOBER |
WERE ESTABLISHED.

Despite the numerous embargoes
during october Curtis Bay shipments
reached the highest mark of the year
at 1850 cars or 2S4 more than in June,
which was previously the heaviest
month with total of4,27s cars. oc-
tober was 2SS,OOO tons of coal or AZ
800 heavier than September, which
aggregated 1904 cars, or 195,2200 tons.
A new pace was also set for ship
ments to st. Georges Pier, New York
city, another. center Of export coal
trade. These shipments in october
totaled 947 cars or 1880 tons. This
is 219 cars heavier than in August
when there was a total of 72S cars,
The exact tonnage was as follows:
August, S6,4OO; October, 1880.
Lake business last month totaled l.
OSO cars or 200 cars shy of Septem-
ber's total, but 262 cars more than in
August. The heaviest month for lake
business was May, when 2,123 cars OF
coal, were sent there.
That the Northwest began to see the
danger OF, coal famine and detrimen-
tai effect of strike was best evil
denced In, the Michigan point ship
ments last month, which jumped to
Continued on page nine9
p
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-11-03
I.|'IllIIlRNlNEL
WINDOWS THAT
.PR0JECT REMOVED
: pIHH2zaEs
, we A21os

Mayor W. W. conaway believes
that all the bay windows, porticos, dis
play stands and other distractions
which project over the city side
walks and streets should be removed
and to this effect made a motion
when the City Board Of Directors met
this morning. Because several OF
the members Of the board asked Ia
be excused from voting on the motion
Iit was. held over until next week at
| which time Mayor Conaway states
that he viii compel some action to ot
taken on the matter.
The affair come up for discussion
this morning when Director Of High
WAYS w. b. Arnett and City Enginee:
Is. b. Miller informed the board that
they had made julius Goffman remove
q bay window which he was con-
| structing on Madison, street and thai
protected over the sidewalk. Mayor
lConaway, asked II they had ordered
an adjacent bay window which also
| projected, TO De, reuoNeu Wnen t'.cy
reported to the contrary said he dtd
NOT, believe in any such discrimination
| and moved that, this bay window an1
all projections OF the same character
be at once ordered removed.
Director Morris suggested that the
new board had nothing to do with the
erection Of this and similar obstruc.
itiods on the street and he thought \
isSe rather Dad idea to order all
fsuch pro ections removed but that
1.-THE RGlrd could establish a precedent
for 4tself Bby not allowing any Others
y be built In the city. To this May
| n Conaway would not listen and he
Stated that he believed in applying
Pthe axe alike to all offenders.
1 When directors Morris and Davis
! asked to be excused tom voting on
/ the motion and Directcr Arnett had
voted against it, the matter was held
over until next week when as Mayor
| ljConaway stated the directors must
lface Il ! music Directors Morris and
lDaYi both sid they would be pre-
| tconl lhpsd on page four.1
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-11-03
Attorney General Says Government
Stands Ready to Facilitate Settle
ment Of the Big Dispute
OPERATORS HAVE NO new IANS
Men Can Go Back to Work Whenever They Want II and
Nothing Will Be Said
to Them.

in West Virginia today according TO
adyices ftom the OFFICES ot the West
Virginia Coal Association and pro-
grom for increased production IN tho
working fields was initlate by the
operators. These mine liaYe an a1-
nual output OF 50, 100000 tons accord
ing to officials Of the ociation. No
attempt was made TO open mines that
have been shut down on account Of
the strike and which are controlled
by the associati lon
Situation IN oloi.
COLUMBUS, Nov, goal mines o'
Ohio employing 10000 union miners
are closed and no atteupt Will be
made to. operate them Until GONE
eiIt IS sen cled and the glrif
lers rstarn "a work according % ~
d. McISinney sseretafg the Southern
Ohio Coal IkcIang tie operators
organisation. Mckinney said that So
Ear as he knew every mnler u Ohio
Is ON strike.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-11-03

Everything is peaceful in the Fair
mont region while the big coal strike
is on and no trouble is anticipated.
So far the miners nave remained in
their homes and avoided starting any
thing and the operators on their part
have shown such confidence in the
miners that they have not stationed
any mine guards or resortiHg to an ex-
ira policing.
Both the operators and miners Off
cisls feeI that the men will conduct
themselves properly and so far the
men have been congratulated for their
attitude ON all sides. The best of feel
ing exists between the operators and
the miners.
Production was cut to pieces in
Northern West Virginia on Saturday
the opening day Of the strike-as
was anticipated. Only five mines
worked on Saturday, they, being nom
union operations on the g. & B. spuI
Of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad
: These mines loaded the only coal In
. LIZ y h1t41OAb '4S5pgh VI ASNSe4 dSsJI S4AAS
total tonnage being 90 cars No coal
: at an was loaded on the ,AIonongah hela
Itllyay ON & u as far s tie 20
IS of the Rirginia istrict
wets concerned Right now there are
140 empty cars standing along the
hne. The mines on the Monongahela
Railway between Brownsville, Pa, and
the West Virginia state line are work.
ing today and have been since the
strike began. There is a total OF 60
mines within distance Of S5.3 miles,
These mines are unorganized. 1t is
understood that the Morgantown and
Wheeling railroad has placed no or
ders for cars today.
Railroad transportation has been
slashed on the Baltimore and ohie
railroad aud it was learned today
there were but three freight ylins
drawn out of Fairmont terminar DUR
ing the past forty eight hours Never
IN the history of the railroad in this
city since coal doomed up q the prin-
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-11-03
coal Production However Has Dropped to Smallest Fig
,llre in the History Of the
Field:
NJ. TROUBLE REPORTED ANYWHERE TODAY
Best of Feeling Prevails and Operators Are Making Nc
Preparations to Police Their
Properties.

cipai commodity has there been SO
many box cars seen in the local yards.
This kind Of freight is now moved
with dispatch. White no orders have
been issued as yet laying any railroad
ers of, nevertheless the men are
chalked up on the board, but there Is
no work to do. There are probably
900 B. & o. railroaders out Of work
now, which means that they are not
on the pay roll.
Coal supplies Of the Baltimore and
Ohio railroad are heavy just now and
with tho oal-carrymg trade paraly9ed
the supply would last for many months.
There are probably as many as sos
cars Of coal in the Fairmont yards and
an additional 800 loads strung along
the NJ. r. branch of the Baltimore and
Ohio railroad.
Naturally the big topic on the
streets OF Fairmont today is the coal
strike. Everybody appears to be La
good humor about it and both sides are
''sitting tight" waiting for develop
iments, presumably from the United
States government. Business IN the,
coal company offices are railroad cir
cIes iiaraliY has ackened up, al.
;thoagf the clerical forces So far have
been spt at their s1ks. & ;sl,s5ss
Indications point today 70 an in='
creased coal production, which while
not large, IS significant. Five OF these
mines are along the MorgantoWn and
KingWood railroad and a sixth one is
on the Morgantown and Wheeling
railroad. I With the same mines or
the job as worked on Saturday today
there will be fifteen mines IN tie
whole region at work to-day.
a. H. Jenkins, president OF The
Northern West Virginia Coal Opera
tors Association, gave out the follow
ing statement:
"on Saturday there were nine
small mines at work. Today there
will be five additional mines start
ed on the NJ. & K. railroad and one
on the Morgantown and Wheeling
railroad This means that fifteen
nine will work today, which is
SON ewhat OF an increase.
THE best Of feeling exists be-
Ween the operators aud the min
Aers and we anticipate no trouble.
a Everything has been quiet.
II might add that United Mine
Workers Of America have COM
Piled with their contract in refer
ence to placing bumpers and otheI
men necessary for the welfare
the mines. There is no difdcup ~
in the men responding for is
purpose and at times there ere
willing hands numbering from live
to five times as great as are Feed
ed for this work"
Neither H e. Peters, PR ldent OF
Continued on page Rr)