davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1919-11-13

travel in n circle. In buying n press
of this type the purchaser should pay
especial attention to me power mech
anism. the material used for impor-
tant parts of the press. size ~ the
feed opening. plunger return device.
self feeding attachment, and conve-
nience In tying the bales and in set
ting and moving the press.
The reversible lever type Of press
Is. sometimes called the hnlf-circle
press. since the team travels half n
circle, turns around. and pulls the
lever to the other side. charge Of hay
being pressed for each half circle. This
type is easily portable and is always
ready for work. since II Is not neces-
sary To take on the wheels or lower
them from the ground to the axle or
10 stake the front end Of the press.
II has u smaller hour capacity than
the contnuous.travel press and re
quires n welltrained team to operate
IL to capacity.
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1919-11-13
LARGE Growers Use Power.


Large hay growers and shippers who
buy and bale large quantities Of hay
generally use power presses. These
are In common use in sections where
the usual practice is TO bale hay from
the windrow or the cock. such rs the
alfalfa and johnson grass and prairie
hay sections Of the South. They are
sometimes used In preference to the
two-horse type on alfalfa and Johnson
grass hay farms. even where the hay
acreage Is comparatively small. say
from 30 TO ~ acres, for the reason that
they viii bale hay about twice as fast
ms IL could be done with n two-horse
press. thereby greatly lessening the
danger of injury 10 hay due to bad
weather.
As power TO drive hay presses, the
steam engine. portable or self-pro-
polling. has been almost entirely SUI
pcrseded by the gasoline or kerosene
engine With Il gas engine there Is no
need for an engine aud water haul
er. A few owners employ an engineer
when doing custom ballng with fast
working crew. because he keeps the en-
CINE going and saves expensive loss of
time on the part Of the press crew.
When the crew IN hired by the ton the
men are not paid for time lost on ac-
count OF breakdown and In such
eases engineers are not often en-
ployed. Usually one Of the press
crew looks after the engine when II re-
quires attention. On farms where
tractors are used. II the tractor is>not
needed for other essential work when IL
Is time to bale hay. the belt power
press should ordinarily he used since
n costs less than the motor press. and
since Il would not be good business 10
use a motor press while a tractor
stands idle.
Thorough discussion Is also given In
this government publication 10 the i'm
portant features OF power presses, the
difference between the llght-duiy and
heavy-duty presses. the longevity OF
the press. as well as facts about the
economic operation OF these presses.
The capacity of the press depends, TO
n large extent, upon the skill Of the
crew operating II. The Average power
press should bale from 20 To 20 tons
In a 10hour day. The capacity of a
power press under average conditions
Is about twice that Of two-horse
press.
Economy Of Buying q Press.
The ACCESSIBILITY Of buying a hay
press depends upon the amount Of
hay to be baled yearly. the likelihood
OF being able 10 obtain crew when
needed and the rate charged by those
making business Of doing custom bal
ing. Whether II viii pay the grower
to own n press depends upon whether
the total cost Of baling. including la
Dor. repairs. interest and depreciation.
is less than the rate charged by the
custom baler.
The practice of baling hay directly |
from the windrow or cock originated |
In the semiarid West. where the wealth
er does not often interfere with hay !
making. This method has also spread |
10 the alfalfa and johnson grass land
areas Of the South. where the wealth |
er often Is unfavorable. II Is pOpu-
lar because It saves labor as com
pared with stacking or putting hay
into the barn. For instance. In Kansas
and Nebraska II requires about IL
man hours and I horse hour to put q
ton of hay into the stack with stack
or after A has been brolipht IN the
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1919-05-18

The connection between sun-spots and
terrestrial temperature has been studied
by Or. Walker, dlrector-general Of the In
dian Meteorological Department, from OBJ
servations obtained at ninety-seven sta
lions in all parts of the world. These show
that with the exception of Northwestern
Africa, the west and north coast Of the
Eurasian continent, Bermuda, New Zea-
land and a part Of the Indian Ocean, the
world IN general has lower temperature at
sun-spot maximums than at sun-spot mini
NUNS.
Since solar radiation Is known to be
more intense at sun-spot maximums, owing
to the fact that new, hot material Is
brought from the suns interior to its sur
face with great rapidity at this time, this
result would appear at first thought para
doxical. 1t must be remembered, however,
that there are secondary results OF this
increased intensity of radiation. The suns
atmosphere is charged at this time with
denser gases. Gaseous material is thrown
10 great solar attitudes. The corona is
brighter and, it is believed, contains more
gaseous particles than usual
1t is also believed that electric ions are
shot forth from the sun at this time with
unusual force, and penetrate the earths
atmosphere to greater depth, producing
increased cloudiness, and thereby lowering
terrestrial temperature. The increased
density of the gases in the solar atmos-
phere and corona at sun-spot maximum
also tends to lower the intensity Of solar
radiation. Therefore the direct and in
direct effects of the increased solar activ
ity terd to counteract each other, and as
the Indirect effect pre6ominates the para
doxi- n fall in terrestrial temperatures
with increased radiation at sun-spot maxi
mum results.
Complex as all these changes appear
they are practicable to a great extent. as
DR.. Clayton has shown by his detailed in
vestigations for about fifty stations in all
parts of the world. It has been found that
the temperature effects of the irregular
fluctuations of solar radiation arrange
themselves in well-defined zones. For ex-
ample. in the tropical zone, broadening
over land and narrowing over the ocean,
an increase of the solar radiation is fol-
lowed after practicable number Of days
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1919-05-18

1.-TWO. three or four, as the case may bel
by an increase of local temperature. This
relation also exists in the Arctic and
Antarctic zones and down the east coast
of North America. In the great temperate
zones, on the other hand, an increase in
solar radiation is followed by a decrease
in temperature.
Dr. Clayton has also investigated to
certain extent the relation between
changes in solar radiation and atmospheric
pressure, and finds an indication of the
same arrangement into zones. with the
difference that increase of temperature
after increase Of solar radiation is attend
ed by decrease Of pressure and vice versa.
1t il suspected that since marked tempera-
ture changes follow changes in the solar
radiation, further investigation would be
apt to reveal important effects of changes
in solar radiation upon winds, cloudiness
and precipitation.
1t is the desire of DR.. c. G. Abbot of the
Smithsonian Institution, to establish three
or -four additional stations in different por
tions of the globe for the purpose of OBJ
tanning simultaneous observations of the
solar constant Of radiation. The great en-
envy Of solar radiation work is the pres
ence of clouds or haziness, and it is neces-
sary to establish these stations in the
most cloudless regions of the world. II is
expected that results of great Importance
would be obtained from the detailed in
vestigatiOn Of the fluctuations of solar
radiation. and the resulting effects upon
the earth's atmosphere and weather con-
ditions, and it is to be hoped that the
half-million dollars needed for the estab-
lishment and maintenance of these addi-
tiOnal stations for solar radiation deter
limitations will be granted to the Smith
sonian Institution in the near future.
Solar radiation research is of the high
est Importance, not only for the results
made available for the accurate prediction
of the weather changes following changes
in the solar radiation, but for the valuable
information Obtainable from the records
OF the spectrObolOmeter, used in these OBJ
servations, Of the transparency of the air
for light of all colOrs and of invisible rays
needed by all interested in the study Of
the growth Of plants and in the propaga-
ton Of signals by means Of lights on land
and sea.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1919-05-18

where rsinfan is prae-
tically unknown. Here
daily measurements Of
the solar radiation are
being obtained as far as
possible. The results
at this station are be-
ing confirmed by stimuli
tane0us observations ct
the stations OF the As
trophysical Observatory
ON Mount Wilson, Cal,
at an elevation Of eve
thousand seven hum
dfed feet, where deter.
limitations Of the solar
constant Of radiation
have been made almost
continuously since 1905.
Simultaneous obser-
Vations OF the solar
constant Of radiation
were also made In the
years 1911 and 1913 at
Mount Wilson and at
BassOuF, In Algeria,
at an elevation OF three
thousand six hundred
feet. The fact that the
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1919-05-18

CIENcE ct believes Il has discovered way to make
weather predictions which ultimately will have much
highsF degree Of accuracy than ct present Careful ana
persistent observation Of the rdaons OF heat from the sun
have been made from mountain tops above the clouds aud
ss and dusts of the earth in many widely separated po
tons Of the globe From these records astronomers now
know that hsun spots have immediate and important
influence upon our weather. =,
The sun reyolvss on its tWentyseven days
onehaif Of Is IN state Of violent eruption ana IN
tense heat and another portion OF the sun has much less sun
snot Activity and e. therefore considerably cooler is easy
to see that while the extra hot face Of the sun turned To-
ward us we would naturally have rather different weather
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1919-05-18

fan. as is indicated by the researches OF
the Astrophysical Observatory Of the
Smithsonian Institution. These observers
have been inqui. Jig into the variations In
the solar constant of radiation, and have
carried on their work for the past fourteen
years under the direetorship Of DR.. G. @.
Abbot, and similar investigations have also
been made by Dr. H. H. Clayton, formerly
OF Blue Hills Observatory, Mass, ana now
Of Argentina, into the effect OF these Yaria-
lions in the solar intensity OF radiation
on weather conditions.
SO firmly convinced IL Dr.. Clayton OF
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1919-05-18

-o explain with scientific accuracy
the facts which scientists now are
i studying with q view to greater
practical benefit for mankind in weather
forecasts, it q necessary to understand
that the sun is q variable star; that its
radiations fiuctuate periodically with q
range of nearly 10 per cent between ex-
tfemes. And thus there follows chain
of consequences Of great Importance 70
man in the form Ct changes Of atmospheric
conditions Of temperature, pressure, clopdi-
ness and. possibly also, winds and rain
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1919-05-18
By Isabel M Lewis, w f 1s . G; G .' s, s @ S

the relation existing between changes IN
the intensity of the suns radiation and
the weather that he has persuaded the
Argentine Government to receive daily
telegraphlc reports Of the change In the
value Of the solar constant OF radiation
from the station at Caiama, Chilli estab-
lished by the Smithsonian Institution In
1915 The station ct Calama is situated
about one hundred and fifty miles north.
east of Antofagasta, at an elevation OF
seven thousand 1--WE hundred feet, and was
chosen for the reason that 1t is in one Of
the most cloudless regions Of the world,
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1919-05-18
From High Mountain Tops tn Widely Separated
Places Astronomers Haze Been Studying Sun
Spots and Measuring the Variations OF Heat
Until Science Has NOw Learned to Understand
HOW They Affect Our Weather

than when the cooler hemisphere Of the has eyoved
around so that it faces the earth
In general way may be said that the hopes of perfect
ing weather predictions to much higher degree Of ac
curacy rest upon the watctu Of the astronomers in the
mountain top observatories scattered globe Al
ready several such obseratoes have been established but
important to complete the chain with stations
would at first glance very easy for an astronomer to
note an outburst special activity and that
hgschool pupil could then write weather prediction OF
fair and warmer" But the whole matter compk
Gated one II is curious fact instance that when the
sun is radstng s maximum Of intense heat have spell
Of cool weatherl
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14
COUNTY TEACHERS HELD
THEIR ANNUAL MEETING
Meeting Was Interesting and In
strticiiy" and Nearly Every
School in the County
Was Represented.

The regular annual meeting of the
Bryan county Educational Associa-
tiou was held in Durant last Friday
a the baptist church. About $50
teachers wtro in attendance and al
so quit" II number Of visitors were
present.
Officers were elected as fulliws:
G.. e. Roric. president: II. W. Bus
sell, vice president. and Miss Lille
Spraguc. secretary and treasurer.
The following standing commit
toes were appointed: County Track
Meet Committee, j. l.. Cunningham.
Il. W. russell. +. o. Shaw. II. Jen-
ningS. }. Y. Lott. Committee tn rep
resent the Bryan County Association
At !hC coming district meeting of the
Oklahoma Educational Association,
q. e. Roric. b. W. Russell. Miss Lille
Spraguc. II. G. Bennett, and j. l..
Cunningham.
The following program was rem
dclod:
lny0catiOn-!tcv. Chas. Schoon-
over.
Song Association.
The Association; lis Aims G
&. Rorie.
My Method With Beginners,
Mrs. !. T. Itylc
County Contosts'-P. r.. Laird.
chemistry "a Related to Educa'
tion''-Dr. W. S. Williams.
Tiano Solo-Mr. Dickerson.
''Truancy"-Miss Lille Sprague.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14
FREE TRADES COURSES
NOW OFFERED At THE
STATE SCHOOL or MINES

The State school of Mines. at Will
burton. Oklahoma, is offering their
second free eight weeks course in
trades and industries. this course to
begin on Manday. November II.
This school with its splendid new
automobile and tractor equipment is
offering Il course in this line of work
which many young men of the State
have been requested to pay over one
hundred dollars to receive. Never
before have mechanics been so scarce
been paid men who are trained. This
school has opened its doors to the
youth of this State and Is offering
free courses in automobiles and in
tractors. oXy-acetylene welding. stor-
age battery, engineering. black
smithing, oil geology. mining, and
or any Of the subjects mentioned in
two months time. and at the close
of the work each student receives q
certificate which enables him to Sc
cure employment in II first.class
garage or machine shop throughout
the country.
There are no entrance require
mcnts necessary, and this one point
alone offers Il wonderful opportunity
to the unframed man. Farmers who
anticipate working their farms with
tractors and who need a tractor
training, merchants and clerks who
wish To learn something {. the me-
men. mechanics and repair MGR OF
all drcrIptious should take this work,
it viii prepare them for the bigger
and better steps of lifc's work. 1t
IL . splendid opportunity and II great
effort M tn" part of tn" stat" to ere
atC \ school of trades where men OF
with III" most efficient and up to
la" methods of their vOcatiuns. A
splendid new durmitory and dining
room containing " heat and cleo
tiic lights with bath accommodations
has been provided at the campus for
the convenience of the men attend
ing. Students may enroll at any time
during III" school year for the short
trad" courses.
For further information relative
to trade courses address Mead s.
Johnson, President of the School Of
Mines. Wilburton. Oklahoma.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14

year than ever before. Progress is
our motto.
). b. Turbeyille, who has been
ROY" or the pas, few weeks trans
acting business for u. $. Bottes. is
spending the week end with his fam
lily at Cooper. Texas.
Mr.. Jones. manager of the Farm
and Ranch. was called to Boswell on
iHst Wednesday on account of the
Serious illness of his wife. We are
glad 10 learn that Mrs. Jones is very
much better.
j. y. Johnson surprised the school
by Installing Il brand new heater in
the school room last week.
Billie Pyburn, who is attending
high school in Rowland. Texas. is
nome for "A few days visit. Billie
was once IA pupil of the Paris. Texas,
graded schools, and while there won
the distinction OF being considered
the brightest pupil in the city.
The literature for our Sunday
school reached us. but the rain inter-
fered with II assembling. Let's all
try to be on hand promptly next Sun
day for both Sunday school and for
preaching.
The tacky party at the home of
Mr.. and Mrs. Pyburn was very much
enjoyed by the young people on last
Friday evening. Miss Florence Hol-
comb won the prize given to the tack
lest dressed lady. while George Rob-
erts took the mems premium.
The billbook containing $23 in
cash and some valuable papers. be-
longing to Bettes Farm and Ranch.
and lost by Clcve Doss on Saturday
afternoon, was found by Joe Crow
der near Rough Edge. 1t was re-
turned To the owner by Mr.. Crowdcr
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14

Address-Pres. II. G. Bennett.
coordination of Night Schools
II. y. Chestnut.
9TH" Library and It's lse"- Mrs
Mclntire.
"ENtcnsion Work With $. 4. NJ
X. X. Thompkins.
Science in the Public Schools
NJ. +. llatchctt.
consolidation; It's Advantages
F o. Shaw.
English in the Public Schools
Miss Crcnshaw.
"Affiliatior of High Schools
NJ. 4. Nash.
The following resolutions were
passed almost unanimously:
Whereas, County Supcrin-
tendent's first term of office is about
TO end. and,
whereas. as county superintend.
ent. he has given service in plans for
Consolidation of Rural schools. En-
forccment of Truancy Laws, and in
showing special interest in securing
schools for returned soldiers. in us
ing his influence for higher salaries
for all teachers and better school con.
ditions for all boys and girls of tn,
county, and
Whereas. he is Il mar who has
achieved success through difficulties
and earnest endeavor. which quail.
ify him as II of the leading schooI
men Of our state,
'"Thcrefore, BE it resolved that tn,
teachers of Bryan County cndors,
him for IL second term for County
Superintendent, and.
BE it resolved that a copy OF
these resolutions be published in tn,
leading papers of Bryan County"
T~wrnty-nire teachers added their
membership to the Association max.
ing Bryan County practically 10,
percent. II is expected that tn,
membership will be 100 percent by
the time of the district meeting
November les. 1920.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14
WEAVER II BEATEN
Fol, CONGRESS-

Claude Weaver of Oklahoma City
Democratic candidate for Congress-
.nin To fill The unrXpircd term Of
j. I. Thompson. deceased. was de-
f"at"d in the Fifth District Friday
by j. W. IIarrcld. the Republican
nominee. For the first time In The
history of the district IA Republican
CONGRESSMAN was elected. Ovcrcon-
lidrnCr on the part of Weaver and
general apathy of Democratic voters
led to defeat. Th" Republicans had
a splendid organization and took ad-
vantage of the inaction of their OPP
pOn"ntS. Onc-third of Il normal vote
was pollrd. The %Okluhoman says:
"Woavcr made an Indifferent cam
paign. The stat" organization gave
him Indifferent support. The party
leaders either could not overlook the
personal angle and give Weaver the
working support necessary to win, or
were blind to the possibility of de
feat"
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14
BOYS PAHOLED FROM PEN

Five boys, whose ages range from
IL to IS years Of age, were parOlcd
from the McAl"st"r prnitcitiary last
week. On a recent inspection of the
prison the boys came to the atten-
,ioh of The Governor. who. when the
paroles were issued, said: Il found
that th0s" boys had no business in
tn" p"nii"itiary on account Of their
youth, and also discovered after an
examination of III" details OF their
eases that each had been sufficiently
punished"
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14

Read the News. $1.00 per wear.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14
CARNEGIE MEDAL Is
AWARDED TO MAYTCBBY
bravery j. Laudrd of CadIo 30,
Who Lost His Life In Effort
10 Save Young Lady.

The CARNEGIE Hero Foundation
has awarded Il bronze medal to bud
ley Mayiubby, Caddo boy who lost
his life in IN effort to save Miss Era
Worthy from drowning in Blue Xiv
e.. in August, 1917.
Nearly everyone in this community
will recall the tragic event. Al the
time Il number of Durant and Caddo
young folks were bathing in Blue.
Hearing II of the girls scream, bud
ley rushed to the scene and jumped
in after Miss Worthy. who had got
ten beyond her depth. Dudley then
became ontanglrd in Il Snag, or was
Knocked unconscious by contact with
il al any rate he never zane to the
surface until pulled out. An agent
of the Carnigie Foundation was in
Caddo last summer investigating
The affair and through his recon-
mrndatiOn the award was made
recognition of Dudloy's bravery
which will be highly priced by his
parents.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14
EETTES FARM AND RANCH

In spite of the bad weather the
farmers are keeping the ginners fair
ly busy.
II is estimated that at least one
half of the cotton is still in the fields
in this neighborhoOd.
The health of this community is
remarkably good II present.
The wagons arc bringing in "A car
load of Farm machinery as back
frcigh, this week. which is a remind
or that we are expecting to do more
farming and better farming another
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14
Volunteer Yourself.

The opening of the drive found the
Red Cross organization. which slowly
has been modifying for months. ready
for the job in hand. In Il that
recalls wildly the wartime enthusi-
assn Of a year ago uniformed women
workers magically have appeared in
each city, town and county. to solicit
memberships. A h6us"to.hOuse Gun
yass IL now being carried on.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14

Every business and professional
man is interested in the success of
the producer. That is why every
business man should help in organ
izing the American Cotton Assn.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1919-11-14
RED CROSS ROLL
CALL A
RrEayiS 10 State headquarters
SbcW Oki0h0Md Was Wen
Org0niod for the Big Cam
paiym Nor ia Progress.

At Oklahoma City reports of
the progress of the third roll call
membership campaign of the Red
4 are pouring into state headquar.
tiers at Oklahoma City this week,
Moving that the state has been well
organized for the campaign and caus-
ing state leaders TO be confident that
Oklahoma will obtain its quota Of
i,O01 200 members.
The campaign will close next
wednesday, November II. with the
celebration of Armistice day, and II IL
predicted by J. +. Owens. state di.
rector, that Oklahoma will celebrate
rolling up the biggest Red Cross mem.
bership in its history, along with tho
first anniversary of the signing Of the
Armistice.