davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1919-04-22
habitual Constipation Cured
in a to II DAYS

"LAX-FOS WITH PEPSIN" is a specially.
prepared Syrup Tonic-Laxative for Habitual
Constipation. 1t relieves promptly but
should be taken regularly for ID to 81 days
to induce regular action. 1t Stimulates and
Regulates. Very Pleasant to Take. 6Oc
per bottle.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1919-04-22
AN OLD LANDMARK OF DAW-
SON WILL SOON DISAPPEAR

The Hart & Deubler blacksmith
shop property, which was recently
purchased by Messrs. W. A. David
son and j. A. Shields, will be i'm
proved by the removal of the ola
buildings and the opening up of the
street running from west Main to
Sixth avenue.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1919-04-22
CAKES SENT CONVALESCENT
SOLDIERS AT FIT. MCPHERSON

Box Was Forwarded on Friday BY
Stone Castle Chapter.
A large box of tea cakes ''like
mother used to make" was sent by
Stone Castle Chapter, D. A. R., Fri
day night for the convalescent sol
diers at Fort Mcpherson. The report
er happened ip inst before the cakes
were packed and never saw quite so
many together in a life time. If they
taste as good as they looked the sol
diers will always carry about with
them pleasant memories of Dawson.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1919-04-22
FAVORITE SONGS OF SOLDIERS
WANTED FOR MEMORIAL DAY

Soldiers who have favorite war
songs they would like to have on the
Memorial Day program are asked to
communicate with Mrs. f. T. Jordan
at once. Phone No. PAL.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1919-04-22

Pure sound seed stock White Span
ish Peanuts gathered before the rains.
FARM PRODUCTS co.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-11-02

upon massing her ships to defend her
commerce with the West Indies
against the piratical attacks of Eng
Ash ana French adventures. The es-
corts provided for these "fotas" real
~ laid the foundation of the mighty
spanish feet which threatened Eng
lands existence for more than a hun.
ured years. BY the time OF Queen
Eizapeth. the convoy had thus be-
come the all-prevailing method of
safeguarding merchant shipping. but
II was In the Napole ionic wars that 1t
reached it's greatest usefulness.
me conveys of that period were
managed with some military preci-
SION; there were carefully stipulated
methods of collecting the ships, of
meeting the cruiser escorts at the ap-
pointed rendezvous and of dispensing
them when the danger zone was pass.
ed. and naval officers were sXstemati-
cally put in charge. The conveys of
this period were very large; from 200
10 800 ships were not an unusual
gathering. and sometimes 500 or more
would get together at certain inn
portant places, such as the entrance
10 the Baltic. But these ships, of
course, were very small, compared
with those of the present time. 1t was
only necessary to supply such aggre-
cations of vessels with enough pro-
tecting cruisers to overwhelm any
raiders which the enemy might send
against them.
The merchantmen were not required
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-11-02

sual seamanship was demanded OF the
captains, for the whole re-
sponsibility for their safety rested
with the escorting cruisers.
Beating off an occasional SURFACE
raider. which necessarily fights In the
open, is quite different procedure
from protecting an aggregation OF
vessels from enemies that discharge
torpedoes under the water. AS part
against such insidious at
lacks. both the merchant ships and
the escorting men of war of today had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-11-02

comparatively easy. All the submarine
had to do was to bring the vessels
masts in line. that is, get directly
ahead of her. submerge with the small
periscope showing only occasionally.
and fire her torpedo at short range as
the ship passed by. Except in the
case Of very slow vessels, she could of
course do this only when she was not
far from the course Of her advancing
prey when she first sighted her.
If, however, the vessel was zigzag-
cling, this pretty game was usually
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-11-02

AVING constantly before nv
- eyes a picture of the grand
~ fleet immune from torpedo
.a',s attack, naturally the first
question asked when discussing IN.
situation with Admiral Jellicoe and
others was this: why not apply this
same principle to merchant ships?"
II destroyers could keep the sub.
marines away from battleships. thew
!, could certainly keep them away from
merchantmen. It is clear, from tho
description already given. nreciseiv
how the battleships had been made
safe from submarines; they had pro-
ceeded. as usual, in close formation.
or, convoy" and their DESTROYER
screen had proved effective. Thus
logic apparently indicated that the
convoy system was the answer" to
the submarine
Yet the convoy. as used in previous
wars direred materially from any
application Of the idea which could
possibly be made to the present con-
test This scheme Of sailing vessels
IN groups. and escorting them by war
ships. Is almost as old as naval war
rare ITSELF AS early as the thirteenth
century the merchants Of the Han
seattle League were compelled to sail
their ships in convoy as a protection
against the pirates who were then
constantly lurking in the Baltic sea.
X X
me government of Venice used this
same device to protect it's enormous
commerce. In the fifteenth century
the large trade in wool and wine he
tween England and the Moorish ports
OF spain was safeguarded by con-
voys. and in the sixteenth century
spain herself regularly depended
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-11-02
'oRTs OF THE ALLIES.

the fewer the destroyers that would
be needed to protect it. These cir.
cumstances make the modern convoy
quite q different affair from tho
happy lucky proceeding Of the
Napoleonic era.
1t Is perhaps not surprising that
the greatest hostility to the conveys
has always come from the merchant
captains themselves. In old days
they chafed at the time consumed in
assembling the ships. at the necessity
for slower speed to enable the less
speedy vessels to keep up with the
procession, and at the delay in get.
ting their cargoes into port. In all
wars in which conveys have been
used it has been very difficult to keep
the merchant captains in line. In
Nelson's day these fine old salts were
constantly breaking away from their
conveys and taking their chances Of
running into port unescorted.
X X X X
II the merchant master Of a Gene
fury ago rebelled at the comparas
lively simply managed convoy Of
those days it is not strange that their
descendants of the present time
should not have looked with favor
upon the relatively complicated and
difficult arrangement required Of
them in this war, and in the early
discussions with these men at the
admiralty 1t Is not surprising that
they were almost unanimously op.
posed to the convoy.
1.-THE merchantmen themselves are
the chief obstacle to the convoy" said
Admiral Jellicoe. 1--WE have discussed
1t with them many times and they
declare that 1t is impossible. 1t Is ali
right for war vessels to maneuver In
close formation, they say, for We
spend our time practicing in these
formations, and so they think that it
is second nature to US. But they say
that they cannot do it, They par
ticularly reject the idea that when in
formation they can vancouver their
ships in the fog or at night without
lights. They believe that they would
lose more ships through collisions
than the submarines would sink"
l was told that the whole subject
had been completely thrashed out at q
meeting which had been held at the
admiralty on February %, 1917, about
six weeks before America had en-
tered the war. At that time ten mas
ters Of merchant ships met Admiral
Jellicoe and other members of the
admiralty and had discussed the con-
voy proposition at length. In laying
the matter before these experienced
seamen. Admiral Jellicoe emphasized
the necessity of good station keep
Continued on Tenth Page)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-11-02

to sail in any particular formation.
nor were they required to maneuver
against unseen mysterious foes.
Neither was 1t absolutely essential
that they should keep constantly to-
gether: they could even spread them
selves somewhat loosely over the
ocean. If an enemy raider appeared
on the horizon, the escorting cruiser
or cruisers left the convoy and be-
gan chase; battle ensued, the CON
voy meanwhile passing on Its voyage
When its protecting ves-
sells had disposed Of the attackers they
rejoined the merchantmen. No unu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-11-02

in this war to keep up perpetuarzig-
tagging. This zigzag, indeed. was In
itself an efficacious method Of protec-
ton. 49,
AS already said, the submarine had
to attain an advantageous position
before discharging its torpedo: it had
to approach to within a few hundred
yards in order to hit it's victim in
vital spot. This mere fact shows that
zigzagging in itself was one Of the
best methods Of avoiding destruction.
Before 1t became the general practice.
the task Of torpedoing vessel was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-11-02

defeated; the submarine never knew
in what direction to go in order to
get within torpedoing distance. and
she could not go very far because her
speed under water is so slow. The
same conditions apply to a zigzag-
cling convoy This explained why. as
voy entered the submarine zone or as
soon as submarine was sighted 1t
began zigzagging. first on one side
and then on the other, and always
irregularly, it's course comprising a
disjointed line. which, made it a
mere chance whether 1.-The submarine
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-11-02

could get into position from which
to fire with any certainty Of obtain
ing results. A vessel sailing alone
could maneuver In this way without
much difficulty, but it is apparent
that twenty or thirty vessels, sailing
in close formation. would not find the
operation a simple one. And it was
necessary for them to sail in close
and regular formation in order to
make 1t possible to maneuver them
and screen them by destroyers; it is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-11-02

DMRAL SIMS Tells Plan for Close Formation Of Ships and
Destroyer Screen, Which Proved Very Effective New
Problems Faced in Escortng Merchant Ships Lack of Trained
Merchant Captains and Difficulties in Overcoming Opposition to
C0nVoys.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-11-02
development of Convoy Idea in Sea Warfare
BY ADMIRAL SIMS.

II AVING constantly before nv
n eyes a picture of the grand
IL fleet immune from torpedo
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-05-03
SITUATION AT
Continued from Page one)

ton was opposed by Italy's dominant
political leader, Gioliddi, who was an
ardent sympathizer with the Central
powers. A wave of Italian emotion
swept Gioliddi aside, and Orlando,
Salandra and Sonnino took Italy into
the war. obtaining for Italy British
and French promises in the Adriatic.
But Gioliddi bided his time, and per-
sonally attacked his opponents, not
because they entered the war, but be-
cause they failed to obtain Anglo
French consent to the annexation of
Fiume. and it is a matter of political
life and death for Orlando and his
ministry If they are to escape from
Gioliddi's attack to gain Fiume. II
they fail, they fall. II they succeed
they will endure. Thus the real ques-
ton which could not be accommo-
dated by any compromise at Paris was
the question of domestic rather than
international politics.
It was with this in mind that Presi-
dent Wilson appealed to the Italian
people. He assumed the responsible
ity which might otherwise have de-
veloped upon Orlando and Sonnino for
baking Italian ambitions. If the ltal-
ian people should accept his state
ment, the way would be open for Or
lando. On the other hand, If the Ital-
fan people should follow Orlando in
demanding Ffume. Mr.. Wilson's ges-
ture would prove abortfve. The pros
ident believed, following his trip to
Italy, that the Italian people were in
sympathy with his ideas of peace, and
not with any imperiAistic or annexa-
zionist policies.
Gives League Vitality
We have, then a very fair test in
which, as have said before, the Presi-
dent stands squarely for the rights OF
the small nation against the large ma
ton, and for justice as contrasted
with force. If the presidents method
prevails, the waning fortunes OF the
League of Nations will take on new
vitality. It will, to certain degree,
have demonstrated the enormous in
Huence of moral as contrasted with
military force in the world, for this
is precisely the sort of question OF
which the Fiume dispute is an ex-
ample which must in the future pro-
vide tasks for the League of Nations.
To all practical purposes, the solution
the president has now sought, the
solution of publishing to the people
Oh Tie COuutIJ IuOSI dllOOICu q 6bdIO-
ment of a neutral and impartial view
of the issues involved, is the method
which the League OF Nations when
constituted will undertake.
Now II Italy, If the Italian people, &C
cept the president and reject their
own statesmen. if they agree to aban-
don Dalmatia and consent to erection
of a free port in Fiume, Mr.. Wilson
and. his associates will have achieved
q shining victory not merely for i'm
mediate justice in the case of Jugo
6lavs, but for the whole cause of the
League of Nations in the world.
Reaction is Feared.
On the other hand, If the Italian
people rally to their leaders instead
of to the President, If they refuse to
accept the advice of the President to
Surrender Dalmatia and Fiume, then
not only will the President have suf-
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-05-03
UNIONS SHOULD PICK
COMMIT TEEMEN WITH
MORE CARE-SMITH

Paul J. Smith OF the American Fed
Grafton Of Labor. spoke before a meet.
ing of the Richmond Federal Union
Friday evening at Luken's Hall. Smith
stated that the situation in Richmond
is not at all bad and that IL the men
get their committees well organized
and the right kind Of men on them
the decisions of the war labor board
handed down recently can be put into
effect. Smith urged the men to get
busy and take more interest in what
they are doing. He said he felt sure
that If the men were less apathetic
they could accomplish something.
Smith left Friday evening for St
Louis and will return to Richmond
some time next week
James Quinn of the Hatters' asso
citation, who has been visiting the
meetings OF the various unions In
Richmond, spoke at the meeting Fri
day night. Quinn is urging all labor
men to pay attention to the union
label. Quinn left Richmond Friday
night for India napolis.
John Putterbaugh and Lee Summer
son, local labor leaders, also spoke.
The shop committees are now being
organized in each union. A meeting
will be held Sunday afternoon at which
all committees will be present This
meeting will not be open to the pub
lie. No statement as to just what
methods the committees will pursue
to put their awards into effect will be
made until after this meeting.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-05-03

he sees 1t. In this particular italian
controversy. think right-minded men
all over Europe agree with the posi-
ton taken and the principles express
ed by the president. They feel that
in championing the southern Slavs,
the president has nobly expressed the
American idea and the American
ideal, and that. whatever the conse-
Quences of his gesture, he could have
done no other thing without compro-
missing his essential principles.
League Loses Ground
But on the other hand, 1t is no less
essential to make clear the fact that
in the past four months the idea OF
the league of nations has daily and
hourly lost ground in Europe, that
there is an ever growing feeling that
1t represents an idealistic rather than
practical solution of European prob.
lens. There has been concomitantly
reaction and irritation against the
American domination in European set.
Elements, and this is expressing itseli
quite as patiently in the French de.
mand for a guarantee Of military in,
surance against the failure of moral
force as expressed in the league OF
nations as in the Italian open chal
lenge which has produced the sharp
est crisis in all the long history OF
peace negotiations. / think the truth
that is coming home to most Amert.
cans in Europe now is that, after all,
it is impossible to impose American
conceptions Of European affairs upon
Europe, or permanently to persuade
Europe that American faiths and ideal.
istic solutions, which grow in part at
least out of American isolation from
European problems. can prevail. The
growing sense of difference of point
Of view on all essential questions be.
tween the American and the Euro
pean is one of the most striking cir
cumstances of recent days in the peace
conference.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-05-03

was opposed British interests OF vital
character. The compromise was the
mandatory system, which gave Great
Britain actual possession OF most OF
the German colonies, all Of which she
claimed, subject to the title resting in
the league of nations, under the duty
of an annual report.
In the case of France, her claim to
compensation for the destruction of
the coal region Of the north was made
by the bestowal upon France of the
title to the coal lands of the Saar and
the occupation of territory under the
most intricate and complicated re-
strictions which, in fact, made the
French possession turn upon the vital
ity of the League of Nations Similar
compromises have been made all over
Europe. and each one Of them is en-
ttrely contingent upon the power be-
hind the League Of Nations. The Eng
lish could accept the mandatory COM
promise which, In fact, they invented,
because they had tho German navy In
their possession, and German sea pow
or for long years has become q thing
Of the past The French could not &C
cept the Saar coal compromise and
other restrictions to their security on
the north without some guarantee
which should hold IL the League of Ma.
tons failed. In fact. French accept
anoe Of the League of Nations and
all other compromises was made con-
tingent upon the guarantee by Great
Britain and the United States that In
case of German attack they would
come to French aid
Italy 10 Third Stage.
We have now In the case of Italy
the third stage. Italy has been unable
to find method like the mandatory
system which enabled Great Britain
to accommodate her purposes to Pres
idnt Wilson's principles. Guarantee
against attack such as France has ask
ed for was of no interest to her since
she feared no attack. AS a conse-
quence, she has come squarely out in
the open and challenged the president.
relying upon her agreements with her
allies as to Dalmatia and upon one
Of Mr.. Wilson's Fourteen Points for
the acquisition of Fiume
The greatest difficulty one has in
reporting the European situation to
Americans lies in the fact that the
league of nations has become a polit.
ical question in America, that the pres
ident's success or failure in Europe
which is contingent upon the success
or failure Of the league Of nations, will
be made the basis for political cam.
paigning hereafter at home. There
fore, each respective comment is ex
amined for it's political intent and con
tent. Yet it is no less necessary fol
a correspondent on the spot to pre-
sent the situation as it exists and as
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-05-03

fered q reverse In honorable battle
for the rights OF the small people in
accordance with his Fourteen Points,
but the cause OF the League Of Nations
itself will have suffered q disastrous
reverse, since 1t win be demonstrated
how weak, after all, moral force Is In
the presence of national ambition and
patriotic emotion.
Nor will the consequences end here.
for II Italy now succeeds not primarily
In obtaining the sanction Of the world
to possession of what she covets, but
II she succeeds In retaining posses
sion, since she now holds Fiume and
the DalmatiOn coast, reaction In
France and elsewhere on the CONT
nent will be immediate and profound.
For example, nothing is more likely
than that the French legislature. per-
ceiving that Italy has had her way In
matters of less vital importance to her
than certain disputed questions were
to France, will reject the present
treaty Of peace as tnimical to French
interests. Again, II Italy is permit.
ted as q consequence Of the present
fight to hold permanently Dalmatia
and Fume without international re-
strtctions, orthe League of Nation CON
ditions, the whole French nation Is
likely to feel that the possession OF
the Saar coal region should not be
subjected to all the limitations which
have been imposed. Even more en-
phatic will be the outburst In Poland,
and the Polish people viii demand for
themselves that possession of Danzig.
which il matter Of life and death
to them, on terms under which Italy
has obtained and holds possession OF
Fiume and Dalmatia, which are all
relatively minor circumstances in the
Italian geography, military or eco
nomic.
Series Of Compromises.
We have had In the past five months
shock after shock between Mr.. Will
sons conceptions of peace, based up.
on the league Of nations. and the Eu
ropean conception of peace, based up
on historical traditions and geograph'
ical conditions. The result so far has
been series Of compromises each one
Of which has created situation which
could only survive permanently. pro
yided that all the world accepted with
equal good faith the doctrine Of the
league of nations covenant for the flu
/ ture. OF these compromises, the first
was the mandatory system with re
spect of the German colonies. These
German colonies were to fall to Great
Britain as the sole reward for hel
efforts and the single security for hel
against new German attack and in
trigues in her colonies, and the Ger
man submarine menace along hel
ocean highways. To Mr. Wilson'S
rooted objection to annexation there
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-05-03
BURNS, CUTS, BRUISES
San cura Ointment Relieves Palm,
Draws Out Poison and


Heals Promptly.
There is no better remedy for burns
cuts and bruises than the antiseptic
and healing ointment called San Cura.
Every person ought to have jar on
hand; 1t is the first and best aid ID
the injured in case OF accident, and
Is the ideal remedy for SO many other
distressing and painful ailments be-
sides.
For example, it Is guaranteed by
Thistlethwaites six drug stores to re-
lieve itching. bleeding and protruding
piles, eczema. letter. ulcers, salt
rheum, boils, carbuncles and pimples,
or money back.
In case of old running sores, no
matter OF how long standing. few
poultices Of San Cura Ointment will
draw out the poison. and leave them
IN such a thoroughly antiseptic condi-
ton that they will heal promptly.
We advise every reader to get jar
Of San Cura Ointment today. and keep
It ready for an accident or emergency
that may happen. soc, 60c and $1.20
q Jar at Thistlethwaite's six drug
stores on the money-back plan.
San Cura Soap is delightful for
shampooing, because It is full Of anti
septic properties that Danish the
germs Of dandruff and other impuri-
ties from the scalp. It removes pim-
pies and blackheads, too. 26 cents a
cake at Thistlethwaite's six drug
. stores.
II your druggist does not have It,
send to Thompson Medical Co.. Titus
Vile. Pa.-Adv.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-05-03
Masonic Calendar

Monday, May 5-Richmond Com
mandry No. 8, K. T. Stated conclave.
R. E. Sir Eugene Vatet, grand captain
general of the grand commandery
will be the guest Of Richmond COM
mandery at this conclave.
Tuesday, May 6-Richmond Lodge,
No. 1876, F. and A. M. Stated meeting
N. ]. Haas, w. w.
Wednesday, May webb Lodge,
No. "a, F. and A. M. Called meeting.
work in F. C. degree. commencing at
6 o'clock; light refreshments. Clar-
ence W. Foreman, w NJ.
Friday, May 9-King Solomon's
Chapter, No. 4, r. A. M. Stated con.
vocation and work in Royal Arch de-
gree