davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-01-02
What the Plan Provided,

The plan provided that the INTERIOR
ongh would furnish S5S 000. 900 toward
the cost of constructing the new railroa Is
Chat being then estimated as one-half
me COST and the city would furnish the
remainder of the cost OF such Construc-
ton. while the lnterhoroush agreed. IN
addition, to furnish the funds for the
cost OF equipment then estimated at
se2,oo0.Ooo hut al equipment TO he
furnished by the Interhorough NO mat
ter what the additional cost
In order that investors could he as
sured Of the safety Of their investment
the proposed contracts for the dual sys-
TEN were submitted to the courts and
their legality was adiudged by the Court
~ Appeals in the summer OF 1912 The
contracts were finally executed on March
10, 1918
The marlborough forthwith pro-
ceeded to raise the necessary funds for
both subway and elevated railroad i'm
provement by the issue and sale OF
$3.50, 100000 OF its first and refunding )
per cent. bonds secured by a mortgage
upon its interest in the enterprise.
From time to time as the cclstruc-
ton work progressed the marlborough
punctually paid every dollar required of
Il by the city. Its management devoted
their best endeavors to the utmost Of
their ability 10 make the new enterprise
financial, economic and civic success.
Matters were progressing finely and
Just prior 10 the entry Of this country
INTO the war a denomination of the
earlier estimates of the probable earn
'ng power Of the new venture warranted
he conclusion that the deficits during
the lean period INN ediately following
ire opening of the completed new syS
tenn would be about one-third of the
amount originally anticipa ted.
The sun., 1919-01-02
TENADORES TOTAL LOSS.
stranded American Transport
Can't he SaIvcd, London Hears.

LONDON. Jan. 1.-The American trans
port Tenadores, which stranded on rocks
in the Bay Of Biscay Saturday, is con-
sidercd total loss, according to reports
reaching shipping circles here. The pas
sengers and crew have been landed.
Tho Tenadores left New York for
Brest December Is. She was in charge
of Commander ]. u, Gilman. L. $. y.
and in addition to her crew had on
board six officers and sixty-onf men OF
the Italian army. The Tenadores
stranded on the Isle dYeu, ten miles
from the French coast,
The sun., 1919-01-02

CoTTNHAGEN. Jan. Riga is panic-
stricken over the advance ~ Bolshevist
forces, which are but eighteen miles
away. and many families are fleeing
from the city. according TO advices
from Berlin
The Russian feet will attempt 70
leave Kronstadt and meet the British
in the Baltic Two hattleships and
some cruisers, manned by Esthonians
and Lithuan mans, tried to put out to sea
recently. hut We're fired upon from the
the Finnish coast and subsequently re-
turned to ErOustadt.
The sun., 1919-01-02
RED TROOPS NEAR RIGA.
BoIsheNik Advance Causes Many tc
Flee From city.

l.ONnON. Jan. -BolSneNIk troops
continue their advance westward \
Russian wireless report received here
to-day says.
"On Monday in the direction Of Reval
our attachments had advanced as far
as Loksha and Kolk after two DAYS
fghting. In the direction of Riga We
have taken Ra!motzkL fifteen versts
from Nen6eu rn"rth-asl "r Risa). On
the right bank Of the Dvina We have
taken Romershof. ON the Svenusjauy-
Ponevesh Railway We have taken Ctsian
midway between pvinsk and Nllna)."
The sun., 1919-01-02
FIRST TO BRING DOWN
ZEPPELIN IN BRITAIN
Capt. Leefe-Robinson, v. c.,
y Dies of Influenza.

copy'ohf 1919; al rights reserved
I@oNDoN. Jan. Capt William
Leefe-RobInson. V. c.. died Tuesday
light near Harrow.
Capt. Leefe- Robinson was the first
aIrman to bring down Zeppelin in
England-at Cufiey on September 3,
l9l6-for which act he received the
Victoria Cross
tie was taken prisoner by the Ger
mans in April. 1917. and only returned
from captivity December II. He made
lhfee or four attempts to escape and
hnalIy the Germans put him IN solitary
confinement in small cell. Since his
repatriation he suffered severely as a
result OF this Imprisonment ana for
over week had been i'll Of influenza. to
which mis- death is attributed
capt. Leefe- Robinson was engaged 10
Mrs Joan Whipple. widow of cant
Whippe who was killed in action i'm
December, 1914.
Capt Leefe- Robinson was 81 wears
Old when he bagEed the first Zeppelin
brought down when raiding England
ms exploit was performed IN fun view
OF great crowds. with London search
lights furnishing illumination. He sue
teSsively attacked two OF the great
German machines. The first escaped
but be fred incendiary bullets into the
second. which fell ia flames An Iron
Cross. awarded for a previous success
fil raid over London, was found on
the charred body Of the Zeppeln's COM
mander
Leefe- Rdhinton later was reported
Killed in an encounter with A German
machine on the western front He was
captured when forced TO land behind
the German lines when his gasolene
gave out.
The sun., 1919-01-02
Preference Over CITY.

SO long as the operator, whether II
De the marlborough or a receiver. per-
forms the contract the city's investment
remains subordinate to the lnterborough
investment. Even IL there he a default
which entities the city to take possession.
,ne interest and sinking fund on Inter-
borough bonds are PAYABLE prior to the
citN's interest and sinking fund
The city can gain nothing. therefore.
ny starving the lnterbcrolgh into bank
tuAtcN. ON the contrary, il can indi-
rect!N do itself great financial damage
'hrouEh the impairment of approx
TIEately $500. 600. 0n1-of securities in the
combined marlborough system.
IT is with great reluctance that the
word panic is used in this communica-
ton, but the time has come for plain
speaking, and il would be a failure of
duty to one partner in An enterprise not
to point out that the Bankruptcy of the
other partner might be So disastrous as
TO result III financial Cataclysm from
which. as a prominent banker said YES
terdaN at public hearing, the nation
might not recover in generation
The city can gain nothing by the
bankruptcy OF partner in the dual
subway system. and Vet IL may by con-
tinue refusal TO increase fare precipi-
tate such bankruptcy and still have to
Jaw NV ~ 'bttIil ~ increasing lATeS TO
escape ruinous taxation If the CITY
we're in possession OF the railroads a
continuation OF n cent fare would be
at the expense of the taxpayers and con-
trnry to the spirit of the rapid transit
act
considerable has been said at vari-
Gus times about public operation OF the
subways The Legislature in the rapid
transit act as long ago as 1906. author
lied the city TO operate such roads but
the law provided in such cas-, that the
rates Of fare should be fixed by the COM
mission with the approval OF the Board
OF Estimate. and adjusted fixed and
rehdjusted always with view TO Sc
curing $ nearly may he, sufficient
receipts therefrom TO provide for operat-
ing expense, maintenance. interest on
the cost, all the proper charges and a
sinking fund to discharge the bonds is
sued fo- the construction and equipment
OF such road or roads within rea som
able period without recourse TO taxa
ton. tSection 80 Rapid Transit Act)
The sun., 1919-01-02
Two Chief Aviation Ba.e..

"pur programme r. to maintain two
'h'ef aviation bases at Pensacola Fla
and san Diego, Cal. continuing the pres
ent bases In Ma ssaC husetts, on Long
Island, at Hampton Roads and the sew
eral coastal stations The Pensacola
and San Diego stations will he enlarged
hut none Of the others will be further
developed"
The Secretary said he had hesitatcd
I" recommend any increase in the Ma
rlne Corps. The thing we should re-
member is this he continued, "nhen-
ever the Marine Corps gets To he big
enough to be a, separate army II will hn
swallowed up in tho army. That would
ne tho worst possible thing We could de-.
The Marine Corps has special duty TO
perform and it can perform this ser
vice. only oy remaining as a distinct
organization
The Secretary paid high tribute TO
the accomplishments OF the tnarincs
during the war All marines, exCept
guard forces, should he taken out OF
navy yards. he said. Ssorehouses and
manufacturing plants will be more val
liable on the valuable water front space
now occupied by marine barracks
1t is planned al an early date TO have
all the marines divided among three
stations. Paris Island. $ e. San Diego.
Cal, and Quantico. Va The Paris ISL
and and San Diego stations will he for
preliminary training aud the Quantico
station for advanced work.
All marines already have been re-
moved from the New York Navy Yard
The marine forces at Norfolk and Mare
Island will he removed shortly.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-06-20
prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF AgriCulture.)

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF AgriCulture)
A tractor may be either a profitable
or an Improbable investment. Each
farm has its own peculiarities; and a
farmer must weigh the advantages and
disadvantages carefully before buying
n tractor. He should study the AZ
perienCeS of those who have used traC-
tors in farm work, paying particular
attention to those whose farms con-
form most nearly 10 his own in size
and system Of cropping. This is adj
vice from specialists Of the United
States department of agriculture.
On an average, one farm in 30 in the
United States now uses a tractor. Ii
has beer estimated by manufacturers
that over 100000 tractors will be made
this year. It behooves every farmer
contemplating buying one to study his
farm problems from every angle.
Advantages in Using Tractor.
The advantage of IA tractor lies not
so much in the reduction in the cost Of
doing Il piece of work as in being able
to do 1t in less time. Thus the mum
Der of acpeS farmed can be increased
and the work done quickly. Often the
saving Of time is the important factor
in making q profit on the crop grown.
A tractor can be kept IN the job in
hot weather when horses are at a dis
advantage. 1t can do heavy work and
do it rapidly, thus covering the desired
acreage in the proper season. 1t saves
nan labor, thus enabling the farm to
be worked with less hired help. 1t
sometimes decreases the number of
horses needed, thus saving both invest
ment in horses and the expense of their
feed.
The tractor owner Il increase his
income somewhat by doing custom
work of his %neighbors; but this IS
often a doubtful practice. Outside
work must be done at a time when it
will not interfere with the necessary
work on his own place or he will lose
more by neglect than he makes by the
custom work.
Disadvantages Mentioned by Owners.
The packing of damp soil and the
difficulty of efficient operation are he
chief disadvantages mentioned by trac-
tor users. Where early spring work is
necessary, the packing Of the soil, espe-
cially n heavy soil, is a serious OBJ
lection.
The fact that a tractor demands a
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-06-20
,fKRMN6TES

More feed and food crops for man
and animals.
Silos should be provided for both
winter and summer.
do not plant any potatoes unless you
give them the best OF care.
Take pride in the farm and It's en-
vironment Ii you would enjoy farm
life.
The best way to start alfalfa is by
making n good seed bed, and that ID
warm weather, too.
The farmer who boards q lot OF
ground squirrels cannot hope to ge'
FULL value out Of his labor and invest
ment.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-06-20

certain amount Of aowledgc ON The
part Of the operator can scarcely be
considered a disadvantage. The train
penSe. But too many men attempt 10
run tractors without learning anything
about them except the starting, stop
ping and shifting gears. The i'm
pOrtant thing is the ability TO detect
trouble the minute it begins to de
yelop, and know how To remedy TX
promptly instead of allowing il TO run
along until an expensive delay results.
1t pays to spend a few days gaining
experience under q competent instruc-
tor. 1t Is unwiSe to attempt to run ID
tractor without such preparation. WITH
the increasing use Of tractors, as well
as automobiles and stationary engines,
farmers are rapidly becoming familiaf
with the care and operation Of gas
engines. At the same time. tractors
are being improved and Simpliied so
that difficulties in operation are grow
ing less each year.
The comparatively large Investment,
rapid depreciation and fuel and repair
bills have also been mentioned by
farmers as points against owning "a
tractor. They point out. too, that q
tractor is not adaptable to all farm
work where horses are ordinarily used.
However. the tractor can do much
work that horses cannot d0-work
where belt power is needed.
Fit the Tractor to the Farm.
One Of the most important points 10
consider when buying Il tractor is
the size of the farm. Experienced
tractor owners rarely recommend the
purchase Of a tractor for use on q farm
with less than 100 or 13O acres under
cultivation, and for such farms the
two-plow outfit is usually preferred.
However, most of the farms on which
tractors are being used successfully are
somewhat larger than this, ana a ma
jority Of the tractors pull three plowS.
FOur-plOw machines are being used
satisfactorily on some farms where
there is a larger amount Of work TO be
done, and where the conditions are
such that one man can operate an out
fit of this size.
Size, however, is not the only fac
tor to be considered, and the question
whether or not a tractor will prove
profitable is a problem in farm man.
agement which must be worked out for
the individual farm.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-06-20
GREAT RESULTS FROM CLUBS
Opinion of Dr.. Thomas r. Hunt, Dean
and Director Of the California
Agricultural College.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
The United States department of
agriculture, the state agricultural
colleges, and other agencies for the
promotion Of better farming are spend
ing considerable money in club work
among boys.
Does 1t pay? Here is the opinion Of
DR.. Thomas f. Hunt, dean and direc-
tor of the college of agriculture, Uni
versity Of California.
"The college Of agriculture did not.
in my opinion, get as effective results
from any other equal sum Of money
which 1t expended as it did from the
amount OF money spent on boys clubs.
These clubs have been running long
enough for us to have some knowledge
or their influence on the future lives
OF the boys concerned. I think I am
well within the mark when I say that
for the amount of money expended we
get the greatest human results"
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-06-20
RAT is lNvETERATE
ENEMY OF CHICKENS
Rodents Destroy Feed, Eggs and
All Kinds of Fowls.
Farmer in Virginia Reports Twenty.
Six Turkeys Killed by Pests in
One lighthouses in Other
Parts of Country.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Every pOultryman should be on
guard continually against rats. They
destroy feed, eggs, and fowls, and are
in~veterate enemies to all kinds Of
poultry, from chicks, squads, duck
lings, and young turkeys just out Of
the shell to tough old birds awaiting
the Ratchet at the close Of a long and
noisy career. Although most OF their
depredations are confined to eggs and
young birds, when driven by hunger
rats kill full-grOwn fowls at rOOst,
biting them through the head or neck.
Complaints about rats have come to
the biological survey, United States
department of agriculture, from many
quarters. For example, q farmer in
Virginia reported 26 turkeys killed by
these pests in a night. Another, in
Kansas, lost between 200 and 800
chickens and many eggs by rats dur
Ing the course Of one summer. His
neighbOrs had similar experiences.
From New Jersey has come q report
of rats killing young ducks. An
Ohioan has complained that the ami.
mails burrow beneath his coops and
take chicks from under the hen. In
certain neighborho0ds Of Massacbn-
sets half OF a seasons hatch Of
chickens and ducglings have been
killed by rats.
Rats multiply rapidly when left nm
disturbed where there IN plenty TO eat.
One pair may Increase 10 more thnn
1000 In a single year.
Farmers Bulletin No. 800, sHoua
Rats and Mice" describes ynrIous
methods by which the Expectations
Of these pests may BE- prevented
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-06-20

resenting the National Guard unit and one the
civilian rlfemen. Transportation and subsistence
expenses Of the service teams and the teams
designated TO represent the states have always
been paid by the United States government.
Any other teams may attend by defraying their
own expenses.
The intent of the government this year is TO
welcome at Caldwell representatives Of all
branches OF American craftsmanship. Trick
shooting, however, will not be allowed. AS the
association puts 1t, "the craftsmanship TO be
featured is the deadly deliberate shooting of the
kind which left Bel1eau Wood and the Chateau
Thierry wheat field covered with Hun dead"
The gathering of rihemen will be known as
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-06-20
201 M3IaW1ORE0PE NRyATA7ZZlp

matches under the
director of gunner
exercises, u. 5. ma
W, and named Lieu
tenant Col. William
c. Harllee, U. >.
M. c., as executive
officer. Colonel Harl-
lee has long been
identified with rifle
practice in the navy
and among the ma
rines. He conceived
the idea Of q great
chain of navy rifle
ranges and at the
beginning OF the
war undertook the
work of construct
inc tlp greatest
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-06-20

the National Matches OF
1910, and is the latest
OF a long series of marks
manship competitions in
stituted In 1908 and held
annually whenever pos
Nsible for the purpose OF
stimulating rifle prac-
nee as a national sport;
developing rihemen hav-
ing the attachments re-
CURED OF instructors In
rife shooting during the
war, and Of restoring the
United States to her
rlghtful and traditional
place as the premier ma
ton of marksmen.
The big matches will
be held at Caldwell,
N. j., "45 minutes from
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-06-20

THOUSANDS of expert marksmen will
be guests of the United States navy
during August on the largest of the
chain of rifle ranges constructed by
the b~luejackets during our war with
Germany. Invited TO be present were
teams Of the army, navy and marine
corps as well as two delegations from
every stare and tprritOrv-one rem
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-08-08
Use for Luminous Paint.

Various kinds of luminous paints,
covered with transparent varnish, are
used for the purpose of making watch
hands visible at night. The chemicals
that give this property of phosphores-
cence to the paint are chiefly the sui
phides of strontium, barium and cal
cium.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-08-08
r KIDNEYS ACT
BAD TAKE SALTS
Bays Backache is Sign You
Have Been Eating Too
Much Meat.

When you wake up with hackachs
and duu misery in the kidney region 10
generally means you havo been eating
too much meat. says q w~ell-known au.
thority. Meat forms uric acid which
overworks the kidneys in their effort "a
filter 1t from the blood they be-
come sort of ~paralyzed and loggy.
When your kidneys get aluggish and
clog you must relieve them, like you
relieve our bowels; removing all the
pody's urinous waste, else you have
Aackache, sick headache, dizzy spellst
your stomach soufs. tongue Is coated,
And whsn the weather is bad you have
rheumatic tFtagss. Ths urine IL
cloudy, full OF sediment, channels often
get sore. water soalds and you are
obliged to seek relief two or three
Zines during the night.
Either consult q good, reliable physi.
Eian Mt once or get from our pharma-
fast about four ounces Of Jad Salts;
Jake a tablespoonful In a glass Of wa
ter before breakfast for a few days
Ind your kidneys will then act Gna
Ehis famous salts 10 made from the
Acid of grapes and lemon Juice, COM
bined with lithte, and has been used for
generations to clean n timulat
Ilugsish kidneys, also to neutrelizs
Yields in the urine so it no longer irri-
htes. thus ending bladder weakness
Jad Salts 10 q life saver for regular
Heat eaters. II Ia Inexpensive, cannos
sr1ure and max q delightful. effor1
Soacent Whitewater drink.-A1v.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1919-08-25
Machine Turning Turtle
Delays Start of Big
Air Race to New York

Toronto, August 25.-The first air
plane to start in the International
airplane race from Toronto to New
York and return. left at 1926 p. NJ.
On the take off" an Oriole machine
piloted by Roland Rolfe turned tur-
tie and the other machines weIe called
back. No one was hurt, but the start
of the other competitors was de-
layed.
Rolfe finally got away at 1856 p. m.
He was followed by Sergeant Coons
in a De Haviland. four minutes Later.
The other 16 entrants got away a
few minutes apart.
The contestants include Army and
civilian aviators, the latter compet-
ing for a prize of $4,000 offered
by the Hotel Commodore, of New
York The Army participants have
entered to test various types of Army
planes.
Two of the local contestants have
established worlds altitude records.
Major Schroeder, who will fly a
Vought machine held this record at
$4,000 feet until recently when Ro-
land Wolf, who has entered an
Oriole plane set a new mark at 3O,-
600 feet.
Colonel W. c. Barker, a Canadian
ace, who will fly a Fokker machine,
is to carry a message from the Prince
of Wales to President Wilson. Let
ters carried by other contestants will
bear special stamps issued by the
Aero Club of Canada, which with
the American Flying Club, is pro-
nloting the contest.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1919-08-25
GOVERNMENT OF
ARCHDUKE JOSEPH
FALLS WITH HIM
Process of Forming New Cabi-
net Is Already Under
Way
By Associated Press.

Paris, Aug. 25.-The resignation of
the Hungarian government of Arch
duke Joseph was announced in mes
sages received by the Supreme Coun-
Gil to-day. The messages indicated
that the resignation occurred at 3 p.
m Saturday and that the process of
forming a new cabinet had been be-
gun.
In the new cabinet the dispatches
state, Paul Garmi. minister of justice
in the Peidll cabinet would be min
lister of commerce., while former pre-
mier Jules Peidll would be minister
of food; Karl Payer minister of
home affairs in the Peidll government
is designated as minister of labor IN
the reconstructed ministry and Count
Crany as minister of foreign affairs.
Other places have not yet been filled.
Archduke Joseph's resignation fol-
lowed the delivery to him by the
Inter -allied mission of the Supreme
Councils telegram, demanding that
he resign, accompanied by a letter
stating that the mission would give
him two hours to take this action.
Otherwise, he was notified, the mis-
sion would publish the councils tele-
gram broadcast.
At 8 o'clock Saturday night Pre-
mier Friedrich notified the mission
that Archduke Joseph and the other
of the government under
him had resigned