New-York tribune., 1919-07-02
Poland Must
Protect All
OF Its Races
Clemenceau Explains to
Paderewski Why Entente
Insisted on Guarantees
From Restored Nations
Treaty Is Made Public
General Principles ofLfberty
and Justice To Be Upheld
by League of Nations
Treaty Is Made Public

PARIS, July LIN transmitting to
the Polish government the treaty
which has since been signed by Po-
land with the Entente powers and the
United States. Premier Clemenceau. as
president OF the peace conference, ad-
dressed letter TO Premier Paderewski
setting forth the reasons why the pro-
visions of the document were CON
sidered necessary
Under the treaty, which was made
public to-day, Poland agreed to pro-
tect minoritles, particularly the Jews,
against discrimination, to assume pay
ment of such share of the Russian
debt as should be assigned to her by
the inter-Allied commission, and to
support important international postal,
railway, Geographic and other conven-
tons incidental to the establishment
of a national standing.
Recognized by Allies
In his letter Of transmittal. which
was dated June "a, and made public
yesterday, Premier Clemencoau s,.id
in part:
In formally communicating to YOU
lied and associated powers in this mat
ter, I should desire to take this op-
portunity Of explaining in more
formal manner than has hitherto been
employed the conditions by which the
principal Allied and associated powers
have been guided in dealing with the
question.
Il. In the first place, | would point
out that this treaty does not consti-
tute any fresh departure It has long
been the established procedure of the
public law Of Europe that when d
state is created. or even when large
aocessions of territory are made to an
established state, the joint and formal
recognition by the great powers should
be accompanied by the requirement
that such state should, in the form Of
ii binding international convention,
undertake TO comply with certain prin-
cples OF government. This principle,
for which there are numerous other
precedents. received the most explicit
sanction when, at the last great as
sembly Of European powers-the Con-
cress Of Berlin-the sovereignty and
independence Of Serbia, Montenegro
and Rumania were recognized. It is
desirable to recall the words used on
this occasion by the British, French,
Italian and German plonipotentiarics
IS recorded in that protocol of June
~, 1878
Poands Debt to the Allies
H. The principal Allied and asso-
ated powers are OF the opinion that
.aey would be false 10 the response
ility which rests upon them if on this
,,casion they departed from what has
lccome an established tradition. In this
connection | must also recall % your
consideration the fact that it is
through the endeavors and sacrifices
of the powers, in whose name | an
addressing you, that the Polish natior
owes the recovery of It's independence
at is by their decision that Polish
sovereignty is being rees tablished over
the territories in question, and that the
inhabitants OF these territories Are be-
lag rporated in the Polish nation
II is on the support which the re-
sources of these powers Will afford to
The league Of nations that the future
of Poland viii to a large extent depend
ior the secure possession of these ter
rltories. There rests. therefore. upon
these powers an obligation which they
cannot evade to secure in the most
permanent and solemn form guaran-
tees for certain essential rights which
Will afford 20 the inhabitants The nee
cssary protection, whatever changes
may take place in the internal consti-
tution Of tae Polish state.
1t is IN accordance with this obliga-
ION that Clause 90 was inserted in
ne treaty Of peace with Germany. This
e-ause relates only to Poland, but a
mllar clause applies the same prin-
clples to Czecho- Slovakia, and other
clauses have been inserted in the
trcaty of peace with Austria and will
be inserted in those with H1nrarv and
Bulgaria. under which similar oOliga-
Nons Will be undertaken by other
tates which, under those treaties, re-
GIVE large accessions of territory.
Insist on Sincerity
The consideration Of these facts
~ould be sufficient 10 show that by the
requirement addressed to Poland at
ne time when II received in the most
olemn manner the joint recognition
Of the .ablshment Of its sover-
gnty and independence and when
.aSge accessions Of territory arc being
.sslgned 70 il, no doubt is thrown upon
ne sincerity Of the desire o. the Polish
government and the Polish nation "a
MAINTAIN the general principles Of JUS
ice and liberty. Any such doubt
"ould be far from the intention Of
e principal Allied and associated
powers
"llI. l. is indeed true that the new
treaty differs in form from earlier con
Fentlons dealing With similar matters
he change Of form is necessary con
sequence. and an essential par, Of the
ne" system Of international relations