davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-14


 Nor did the enemy discover anything by other means. I must assume this !; otherwise his dee~nsive measures would have been more effective, md his reserves would have arrived more quickly. In spite of all efforts to the contrary, the essence of war Is uncertainty; that is our experience, and the enemies too.
 DESERTER TOLD PLANS
 On the 18th or 15th of March two men deserted from trench mortar company. According to notes found by us, or according to prisoners state .ments. they are alleged to have given information of the impending attack
 On the other fronts particularly near Lillie and Verdun, artillery &C., tivity had increased.
 At noon on the goth G. H. o. had to face the great decision whether the attack was to commence on the 21st or be put off.
 Every detail must nave increased the difficulties of troops, crowed together close up to the enemy. Already the spiritual pressure of the mass was urging them forwaro.
 FEARED DELAY OF ASSAULT
 And yet. our artillery relied on gas for its effect. and that was dependent on the direction and strength of the wind. I had to rely on the forecast
 
 meterologist, Lieutenant pr. Schmaus. X Up till the morning of the 20th strength And direction were by no means very favorable; indeed, it seemed almost necessary to put off the attack. That would have been very hard to do.
 SoN was very anxious to see what sort of report I should get. It was not ssrikingly favorable, but it did indicate that the attack was possible. At 12 noon the army groups were told that the programme would be car ried out. Now it could no longer be stopped Everything must run its course.
 G. H. e.. senior commanders and troops had all done their duty. The rest was in the hand of fate; un- favorable wind diminished the effect tveness of the gas, Hog fmpeded and retarded our movements and prevented our superior training and leadership from reaping its full reward. This was the predominant opinion about the fog, but . few th0rght it an advant- age.
 On the 21st, just before a. m, the battle began with 8 tremendous crash on front of 45 miles, between Crois- files and La Fere. As regards the End and 18th armies (the center and southern forces) the hours had been fixed by higher authority for the main operations; the 17th army which was fighting by itself. was left more lati- tude. Within these limits matters were left to the groups.
 BAD CHECK NEAR CAMBRIA
 For about two hours the whole of our artillery engaged the enemy's batteries, then most or it was switched on to the trench bombardment, in which the trench mortars also took part. A little before a. m. most of our fire only a portion being left on hostile batteries and special points-was con- centrated to form a barrage. Our infantry advanced to the assault.
 The 17th Army, which had the strongest enemy in front of it, only reached his second line; the barraSe
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-14

This done the two armies were then to move directly west between Croi- selles and Peronne. Soon tfe 17th would be past the devastated region and out in the open striking for the rear of the British main armies concentrated in Flanders. The 2nd and the 18th armies were merely to support this movement, guarding against its in- terruption from the south.
 What happened was precisely the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-14
Hoped to Break Through k Rear Of British in Flanders In I918-Gern1an Deserters Warned AMes-Luden-
 dorff's Son Killed in
 the Offensiue

of shook the Aies did had This the leader Actions printed today
 Capture only the secondary part of gandiose afterthought
 What he intended break through the north of the Flanders His northern perform this task and his southern merely to support them
 But Byngs around Cambria stopped dead his at tacking punished badly exhausted days His broke through and made the the salient Ludendorff admits, position 'by favorable"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-14
By EUGENE J. YOUNG War Editor of the New York World

was to strike southward between Cori- selles and Moeuvres and cut in behind the British on the strong hill position to the west of Cambrai, which had been the scene of British success and almost immediate British reverse the year before. The north wing of the 2nd army was to smash Into the south of this position and complete a pincers movement that would have cut a big hole in the British line
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-14

One of the great mysteries of the war has been: Why did Ludendorff to recapture the district he had so thoroughly devastated the year before? He had laid it waste so that the Allies could not advance across it against him without tremendous expenditure of energy and without being, constantly exposed, to observation. Then why take the handicap on himself?
 Ludendorff himself clears the mys- tery in his description of the March attack printed herewith. The map il- lustrates how his plans went awry.
 As he has explained in previous ar- ticles the battle-ground was not the one he would have chosen had he been free to wait. We wanted to strike for the channel ports up to Calias. both to shorten his line and to reach the British lines of communication. Elan scheme until April, and the American legions were coming so fact he had to strike in March.
 The only ground over which he could move So early was the high terrain between Arras and La Fere. So here he concentrated the three armies of more than 10000 chosen troops. His 17th army was northwest of Cambrai his second army southwest of Cambrai and and his 18th army on both sides of St. Quentin.
 The 17th and right wing of the 2nd faced the narrowest part of the de- vastated region. It was to these that the chief task was assigned. The End
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-14

points although they had been care fully examined by the Director of Medical Service before the battle The numerous slightly wounded made things more difficult by the stupid and dis pleasing way in which they hurried to the rear.
 The battle cost me great deal also. My wife's youngest son fell on the 23rd. He was flying officer and was at first reported missing. On the battle field we found d grave with the Eng fish inscription: Here rest two Ger man flying officers"' I had the sad task of identifying my son. Now he rests in German soil. The war has spared me nothing.
 My journey to the battle field had taken me through the two trench systems in which the opponents had faced each other for so long. The im- pression it made was great; a strip, many miles in width bleak and de- vastated, stretches through France the mark of war conjured up by the En- tente.
 (Published by special arrangement with the Mcclure Newspaper Syndi- cate. Copyrighted. 1919 by Harper and Brothers. All rights reserved. Copy righted in Great Britain by Hutchin- son and Company and the London Times, in Spain by Messrs. Seix and Bariel. in Italy by Fratelli Treves in Canada and Australia. All rights re- served for France. Belgium. Holland Russial and the Scandinavian coun- tries.)
 In the next article Gen. Ludendorff complains because the German gov ernment did not take sufficient steps to press for peace after his victory. He also tells of his further attacks to improve his unfavOrable position.
 Chinese sailors believe that it is im- possible for ship to sail unless 1t can see where it is going. and so their i,1Dks have eyes painted in the bow
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01

his Company acts fiscal agent for Municipalities and
Corporations, prepares and ceres as to genneness Of
municipal bond issues and the designated depositay of the
Investment Bankers Association of America for Attorneys
Opinions and copies of papers relating to munic;nal se
Descriptive booklet sent on request
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01
Wilson COmmutes Death
Sentences of Pacifsts
Two Restored to Military Duty
and Third Goes to Prison
for Is Years

WASHINGTON, Feb. 28.-Sentenccs
of three conscientious directors, to be
shot for refusing to wear the army
uniform, were set aside to day by Pres
idont Wilson. the War Department an
nounced.
In the cases of Private Herman D..
kaplan and Private Benjamin Bregcr,
who refused to wear the uniform and
declined to do non combatant military
duty at Fort Riley. Kan, the President
disapprovcd of the death sentences
and restored the two DIRECTORS to mill
tary duty. The findings of the courts
martial we're approved by Major Gen
eral Leonard Wood, but in each case
he recommended that the death pen
atty be committed to twenty-five years
imprisonment.
In the third case, Private Nicholas
Locassle was found guilty Of refusing
to wear the uniform at Camp Green
leaf, Ca, and sentenced to be shot.
Major General Henry G. Sharpe COM
muted the sentence to Imprisonment
for twenty-five years. The President
disapproved this penalty and reduced
the imprisonment to fifteen years.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01

u9lties for non-combatant troops. OF
the 1883 men Of the l02nd who re
turned on the Rochambea1 more than
400 were not originally enlisted in the
New York National Guard, being re-
placements from other units. The
units on the vessel were companies
A, B, and D, Field and Staff, Head
qarters, Band, Ordnance Detachment,
Sanitary Detachment and Engineer
Train. In addition, there were sixty
nine other officers from various units
of the 9th Division, who will supple
r.ent the advance guard of nineteen
officers that reached here lest week.
Three enlisted men died of influenza
on the voyage.
One of the casual officers on the
Rochcmbeau was Lieutenant Colonel F.
NJ. Wise, who went overseas as a major
in the 9TH Marines and led the I'd Bat
talon of that outfit in the fighting at
Belleau Wood
Wise was one of the three out Of
or wounded at Belleau Wood. Of 1000
enlisted men in the battalion all except
$50 were among the ca-ualties. He was
awarded the Croix d. Guerre with
palm. Later he was transferred to the
infantry, made lieutenant colonel and
placed in command of the 59th Regi-
ment. His wife, who served as a nurse
in q French hospital, came back with
him.
The steamship sobral, from Brest,
February 16, with 1906 troops, an
ohored at Quarantine last night, ac-
cording to the headquarters Of the
port of embarkation, and will dock at
Bush Stores, Brooklyn, this morning.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01
T,uo Warships Land
1900 More Troops
At Newport Ne,vs

NEWPORT NEWS, Va. Feb. 2S-
The batteshps Virginia and Rhode
Island locked here to-day after siren
uous sixteen day trip from Brest, and
debarked more than 1000 returning
soldiers.
Aboard the Virginia were the 1st
Trench Mortar Battalion. the 488th
Aero Squadron, the 3o6th Trench
Mortar Battery, eight casual officers
and two Y NJ. c. A. secretaries The
Rhode Island brought the 147th Ma
chine Gun Battalion, the 840th Aero
Squadron, New York and Missouri
casual companies, nine casual officers
and several Y. M. c. A. men.
The Virginia's contingent is said to
have suffered greatly during the
storms at sea. There were several
deaths.
The 1st Trench Mortar Battalion had
representatives. from thirty-eight
states. The unit had been in France
thirteen months and had fought at
Chateau Thierry, the Arognne, ST.
Mihel and Thiaucourt.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01
Steamer Sunk
By Aquitania
In n. Y. Harbor
Continued from page 1

accompanied the incoming liners.
Meanwhile members of the crew were
dragging from the water the bodv of
Eperus, who had been asleep in the
stern of the Lord Dufferin and i,
thought to have been killed by the
blow which sank the ship.
Lieutenant Willard Home
Lord Molyneux, a captain in the
British army, arrived on the Aoui-
tan'a and will proceed to Ottawa,
where ne is to serve as aid to the
Duke OF Devonshire, Governor Cen
eral of Canada. Among the other
noted British passengers were Sir
Colin Campbell Stewart, former head
OF the British Mission in New York.
who will visit his mother in Canada
Captain Malcolm N. Gillies, head Of
the Donaldson line of steamships;
I henry Corbett, managing director of
Inc London Tines" Pomeroy Bur
ton, managing editor of 1.-THE London
DAILY Mall and William Harris, head
OF the international chain of Ritz
Carlton hotels.
Daniel Willard, president of the
baltimore & Ohio Railroad, was at
the pier to greet his son, Lieutenant
Daniel Willard, jr, who fought
through the war with the Goth, New
England Division. Mr.. Willard was
scheduled to go to France several
months ago as head of the American
railroad system, but decided not to.
AT the time Lieutenant Willard was
assigned to his fathers tentative
staff
Mrs. W. S. Van Rensselaer,, daughter
or Clarence Bowen, publisher of 1.-The
Independent" returned to this CITY
after two years of-hospital nursing in
Italy and France.
J. L. Caldwell, United States Minis
ter at Ieheran, brought story of
famine food prices and unobtainable
clothing in Persia. He had Just come
from Paris, where he pleaded the cause
OF Persia to the peace conferre1s. lie
declared yesterday that the country o,
Omar had suffered intensely in the
war, quartering at one time three big
armies, Russian, British and Turkish.
Robert c. Tredwell, the American
consul formerly stationed at Petrograd.
is still held by the Bolsheviki at fash
kend, Turkestan, Mr.. Caldwell said.
However, Mr.. Tredwell is no ;onger
kept in Jail, but is simply a hostage"
Tor some radical held in an Allied
country.
-~' ~~.u :" Gil " III ~ dC once 10 MS
home in Fort Scott, Kan, from which
ne will return to Teheran SIX weeks
from now.
Lieutenant Commander John L. Cal
LAM. of the Naval Aviation Service.
brother of former Assemblyman Albert
L.. Callan, of Albany, was among the
casual officers on the transport. Lieu
tenant Commander Calan went over
seas sea, at the wars beginning and assisted
the Italian government materially in
organizing its flying corps. When
America entered the war he was given
his present rank in the American air
service, but detailed to remain with
the Italians. He has been decorated
three times by the government at
Rome, once by the King in person.
F. w. Woolworth Aboard
F. W. Woolworth, Percy Guiterman.
Sir Arthur Willett, Sir H. Everston
and J. c. Plimpton, jr., were others on
the passenger list.
The troops on board, who had been
in training sectors in France, were
the 366th Infantry, consisting of 1876
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01

task. We had five brigades of British
Artillery put down the barrage to de-
stroy the wire and to put the men
VINO were manning the machine guns
INTO the dug-outs. 1t was just breaking
the pink OF day when five great SQUAD
rons OF airplanes came overhead and
started toward the front. The at
lacking line was preceded by The larg-
eso british tanks, carrying a thirty
seven centmetre gun and three or
1our machine guns. Within two hours
troops left the front line positions.
every tank had been destroyed by the
boche, either by ground mines or by
direct hits.
10th Fought Like Tigers
"1he 1osth Infantry on the south and
the 10th Infantry on the north sue
trenches of the Hindenburg line The
108th Infantry completely took the
Hindenburg line from Bony south to
Bellecourt. The 1O7th Infantry pene-
trated through the Hindenburg line,
only to find large numbers of Boche
coming up in their rear, and shooting
them in the back with machine guns
as they oozed out of this tunnel. They
crossed this line and had to fight tn. ir
way back to the line again to mop up.
Thinking they had mopped up, they
moved forward again, only to be shot
in the back again. 1t required the a.
sistance Of the 105th Infantry at that
time to protect our northern flank,
which was being heavily enfladed
from the north by both machine gun
and artillery fire.
"Three days were required. The bat
tie had to stop at that point, and our
detectives lay shortly beyond the Hin
denburg line. Men were stationed at
the outlets of those tunnels and kept
a constant bombardment Of hand gre
nades down in them to keep the Boche
down.
Following that battle the division
was brought out into rest areas. The
casualties-I will give you no figures
were not out of proportion to the OBJ
jectives gained"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01
LeUiatIla, Due March 6
With "Ne,u York's O,ur,''

WASHINGTON, Feb. 28.-
w The official report on the
sailing from France of the trans
port Leviathan, with the first
large units of the 9th Division
New York National Guard),
reached the War Department to-
day, showing that the ship is due
at New York March 6, with
10,343 officers and men aboard,
the majority of whom are from
the 9th Division.
Major General John F. Organ
and Brigadier General Charles I.
Debevoise are aboard. The ship
carries the 105th Infantry, the
106th Infantry, the field and staff
and LIST and I'd Batta,ions of the
10th Infantry, including COM
panies "A to n, headquarters,
medical and ordnance detach-
ments, and companies A, B, C
and D, 105th Machine Gun Bat
talon, all from New York; head
quarters detachment and head
quarters troop, 9th Division;
sixty casual officers and 1,179 en-
listed casuals, including sick and
wounded.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01

officers and 1854 men, who are on their
way to Camps Dodge, Grant, Upton and
consisting Of thirty-seven officers and
1.158 men, who are going to Camps
Upton, Travis, Jackson and Meade, and
the 92d Divisions military police COM
pany, consisting of twenty-five officers
and 23l men and bringing with them
five prisoners. These three units were
colored.
A detachment of twenty-five officers
and 247 men from the convalescents at
Brest, with number OF other casuals
and four wives of naval officers, COM
pleted the ships military roster.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01
Bronx Water Main Floods Street

A 48-inch water main in Webster
Avenue at Woodlawn Road, The Bronx,
burst yesterday morning, tore up 200
square feet of the roadway, flooded the
vicinity and stopred trolley car SER
vice for twelve hours. The pavement
was shored up to permit resumption
of traffic. The main, which carries
Kensico water to the Williamsbridge
Reservoir in The Bronx, had not been
used for two years.
"1n my opinion" said Deputy Water
Commissioner Albert II. Liebenau, "the
foundation upon which the main rests
must have sagged, ceusing the main
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01
Vote to Continue Strike
Garment Workers to Hold Out
for Review of DISCHARGES

Benjamin Schlesinger, president of
the International Ladies' Garment
Workers Union, announced yesterday
that the insistence of the union on the
right of workers to have their dis
charges reviewed had been vindicated
at two meetings yesterday.
~ put up to the girls the question
whether they should continue on
strike" said Mr.. Schlesinger, "and the
meetings rose en- masse to sustain the
unions policy. We mean, therefore,
to insist that employers cannot dis
charge workers without showing
cause"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01
Refute McElroy Again

MADISON, Wis, Feb. 2S.-The Wiscon-
sin Assembly to-day passed resolution
branding as "wickedly false" the state
ments which Robert McNutt McElroy,
chairman of the educational committee
of the National Security League, says he
made before a University of Wisconsin
audience April 6, last. The resolution
declares that no one heard the state
ments which McElroy asserts he made.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01
Jersey Man Shot in Pittsburgh

PITTSBURGH, Feb. 28.-Hundreds
of waiting passengers saw James Gun
ningham, twenty-one, of Jersey City,
N. j., shot and seriously wounded by
policeman in the Pittsburgh G. Lake
Erie railroad station here this morn
ing. The officer fired six shots, which
narrowly missed persons in the crowd.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-01

McElroy recently reiterated his state
ments impugning the loyalty of the
university students who heard him, be-
fore Congressional committee. The
resolution refers to McElroy as "self
confessed dealer in profane insults,
who brags about his insults when at
safe distance"
Republican farmer., 1919-06-20
OF CRONSTADT
 ON FIRE

London, June 1.-The north Rus sian general staff directing operations against Petrograd, reports the fort ress of Cronstadt, on the Gulf of Cronstadt, northwest of Petrograd to be on fire according to a Helsing- fors dispatch to the Pall Mall which was filed on Sunday. Seven Bolshevik warships have hoisted the white flag, the dispatch states, and will surrender to the British squadron operating the Gulf of Finland. Sev- eral forts near the fortress of Cron- stadt have also raised the white flag, it is said.
 The capture of the fort Krasnaya- gorka, across the Bay from Constadt, the occupation by White Guards was announced from Stockholm yesterday will, 1t Is said enable the north Rus sian force to strengthen it's thrust against Peterhof and advance quickly on wide front. Bolshevtk garrtsons near Krasnayagork, also went over to the White Guard yesterday. The north Russian force has taken during the present campaign, 22,o0o prison CTS, 87 cannon.
Republican farmer., 1919-06-20
WILSON TO LEAVE BY
 JUNE 25
Will Address Congress I'm nediately After Arrival
 In Washington.
WILL START ON
 TOUR IN JULY
Desires His Audiences on Speaking Trip Be Oppo7
 nents of League.

Washington, June 17-Pres- ident Wilson hopes to leave Paris for Washington on June 24 or p, if the Germans sign the peace treaty. Immediate ly after his arrival in Wash ington, the President will ad- dress congress. After clearing up pressing official business he will start on his swing around the circle" early in July.
 It was said at the White House to- day that the President expected to spend three weeks on his speaking tour, explaining the peace treaty and the League of Nations covenant The time has not been announced, but he expects to visit the principal cities over the country.
 The President has made known a desire that his audiences during his tour be composed largely of oppo- nents of the League of Nations plan, rather than its supporters.
 He also has informed White House officials that he might discuss the league covenant in public address during his visit to Belgium this week Should he leave Paris a week from to- morrow the President should arrive in Washington about July 8. He will present the revised draft of the peace treaty to the senate and will discuss the treaty and league covenant in an address to a. joint session of sena te and house.
Republican farmer., 1919-06-20
TEN STRIKE LEADERS
 SEIZED Taken From Homes in Winnipeg to Some Place
 In Country. OTHER ARRESTS
 IN CALGARY Also Raided Labor Temple From Which Strike Had
 Been Conducted.

Winnipeg, June 17-Ten strike leaders were arrested in their homes here early today and transported in automobiles to some place in the country presumably Stormy Mountains, by government police officials. Other arrests are reported to have been made in Calgary and other western points at the
 anae time.
 Simultaneously with the arrests of the strike leaders, the Royal North west Mounted Police raided the labor temple from which the strike had been conducted. Considerable litera- ture said to be of a Bo1shevist nature, was seized, the police breaking down doors and windows during the raid.
 The official list of the persons ar rested includes R. B. Russell, Rev Vim. Ivens, R. F. Bray, George W. Armstrong, Aldermen John Queen and A. A. Heaps, and four Russian agitators. The arrests and raid were made between and o'clock this morning.