Arizona republican., 1919-10-15

running from about No. 22 are used and in the tests made during the wa" by the war department and the bureau of markets of the Department of Agri culture m the manufacture of balloon, airplane and gas mask cloth, very choice yarns running from No. SO to 110 were made from American -Egyp- tian Pima cotton, and fabrics manu- | factured from this yarn showed under the most exhaustive tests, strength which exceeded the standard required, the Pima cotton showing test some
 what superior to Sea Island, but about one per cent less than that of the fabrics made from Sakellarides cotton. | (Airplane cloth made by the govern ment during these tests of 3-S0 yarn.
 running 6S threads to the inch, in both
 warp and filling, will be found at the rear of the room.)
 1 At the Mills
 | As this was so vital a matter in con-
 nection with this new industry, I per
 sonally visited during the summer of
 1918 some of the mills in which the
 tests were being conducted by the
 government, and was fortunate in vis- iting the Nashawena Mills at New
 Bedford at the time that shipment of 127 bales of Pima cotton for manufac- ture into airplane and balloon cloth,
 was running through the mill. found that not only, those in technical
 charge of spinning the cotton were
 more than pleased with it's quality, but
 they particularly commented upon the
 exceptionally small amount of waste,
 as compared with other cottons of sim
 liar type.
 In two mills whose superintendents
 were showing the mechanical pro-
 cesses through which Pima cotton
 from our section was actually passing,
 I asked them to test the length of cot
 ton at the combe r. silver stage, and in
 both cases they found by careful mea- surement a strong 15s inch in length. Other technical men commented on the s fact that in making tests of the length , of Pima cotton practically all threads in the sample would run the same length.
 , In visiting other mills, I found that , certain of the tire manufacturers were , using all the Pima cotton which they . could obtain exclusively for making f cord tires, which is a most convincing f demonstration of the high quality oi
 the cotton. In one important labora- n tory where breaking tests were shown
 
 f Sea Island broke under what is knowr ? as the "grip test" at pressure of 44S o pounds, while the fabric made from a carded Arizona Pima of same thread i. and weave broke at a pressure of 51t c pounds. My investigation among tn, A mills using Pima cotton, demonstrated : most clearly not only it's desirabilitl f because of it's strength and length, bu
 also that it was found to run excep
 tionally well as to uniformity of color learned that while under microscopic |, tests, it did not at present have quit e the spirality of the Sakellarides cotton ', this was undoubtedly offset by it's ad
 ditional length and it is very eviden if that the spirality of the Pima cottol
 can be increased by improved method r of cultivation
 Crop Rotation
 II The growers have learned that i ' they are to continue permanently an ,a successfully in the production of Pim
 cotton, crop rotation is essential. O. e the average soils in the Salt River Val n ley, 1t is probable that after from fou n to six years in cotton. fertility shoul y, be restored by being cropped durin n every ten year period from three t four years in alfalfa, which is probab q d
 the legumes. The cotton plant is a
 exceptionally heavy feeder and studie Ia made in other districts by soil chem m ists of the Department of Agricultur ,s have shown that the approximat ,s amount removed annually from tn ,o soil in growing a 500-pound bale ( n Pima cotton to an acre will be Is ,y pounds of nitrogen, 61 pounds of phos ,,, phoric acid and 91 pounds of potash. Ia In producing this new type of cot = ton, we have not only been exception |, ally fortunate in having the thoroug ,a cooperation of the United States De ,d partment of Agriculture in seed selec
 tion and methods of production, bt also through the bureau of market ,r under the direction of Charles
 Brand and his assistants, Fred Taylc - and George Butterworth,s most valu if able help in working out the marketin " problems of the new industry, estat N fishing standard types and new an , dependable methods of chasing. Sey ; eral years ago the bureau of market T. established an office in the Salt Rive ts Valley, where large portion of tt S cotton has been classed by it's traine 1' representatives, who have now worke n out official cotton standards for Amer
 lcdH-ESyplldn cotton. PreV1OuSly tf
 grades of the Pima cotton had bee designated as Fancy, Extra, Choic '. Standard and Medium. These ha, o been replaced by Nos. to and ever 5 grade which is between adjoinir . ~ grades, represented by types of tl p standards is designated by the graC ns number of the nigh grade followed l .s F. For example, cotton betwes "a grade l and 2, is graded as IF. Tn m establishes government standard "ee which purchasers can place their O U, oi ders. with definite knowledge of Il v type of cotton they are to receive. P This brings up the question of Il :. probable amount of Pima cotton whi, ~. will be produced this season and wh las proportion of this cotton will be know V as free or open cotton. This ye a SS,000 acres in the Salt River Wall IF alone are planted. The land has be- ila more carefully selected than befo .o, md with the added experience of t iI nu growers in cultural methods it is n iLs unreasonable to assume that fro ct' 45,000 to 50,000 bales of Pima colt