The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-09-08
JUDGE rUCfzrss OUTLINES NENs- PApETs>' RIGHTS AND LE'LI- T,NTvCN-- LE CIElZ-FyE
 ON 1rrEL LAWS.
Cl,---, o- tllc Court.

Cll---, of uHc Court
 Tha plaintiff. Henry Eu-l- in thiE cape. SECS EEr El5srEr Trauulr and gha Solomon News Company claiming tHar he au-c~aE tra-H-#s -n his feel ing and rguu-afsoa n.. reason ct Jhr pub'.~o --6n iu tho Chicago Tribune, on Jane 2s- 1eld. 1E n Hrs.aus article yha~ac- c-arlzlTE E'I .# al au"-eEls- aa ieuuraHt -san-.r-. ,r--
 Tho claim aea.ur. ine Solomon News g1upa1r ta abandoned. as I uuderetall .r. aH nrHl- r0i1- uEerHL that thr Solomon ...--= Fr-g.-v .r Solomon Brothers v..H.- Intention ally OF ae-s"n..r a.s.. lu any way sn tho tlrHu.a-fur o- .rr ...-.uuz ar- ucIe- ea trat ' Ea-.r- yau fnu- yol ruuss. aa s1 tE# sH.r-.rl News Com plrv. r-tm-n a ye-a..- ot no Caass of action.
 Tho only rarra...r- lrH Solomon News Co-D1rr had ar aU with tHa nattrr wnH ar.r they assisted Ll tH' circg1a.IaH oE aaw. -"a papers or thnroal0uaH. lr Wayne Eo.alE. Ali-r- taH0 and E'..r'.". ..rt" .r.r- tnn a-- .feTa lu ou.H|.r. rG. without iunw.- o4-e tr7- Tho z. 1ura GLs contain such editorial 5r a--..tuu. rr .r-- VIII end the.r cnrr.n.'nr rT.H sEe .Eer-
 Mir Forr is .Ha .rre- a-arEho'E- CT. and w#e p. .r"- .1.. -.. El- Jrua J believe. OF lru Pond Motor Company or Detroit. Fl. has been fposeu or aE through .N.- trial 1s practically .D have nrau tho FCrd NIoto~ Company and rHn "FOrd Mo to- Company and "Tu-L' ara terms that haTe been uHuT anonymously and shall sa t-.a- trru in tlja
 aH uThcr-as thn came practically
 He uzs perhaps. r1. IHrE-F- eEn- blower of labor iu tru world, and his attitude towards hfs men and per rar= toward aT u1aEn questions. was ga -uatfur tr common talk and criticism or praise. as l- m-EHr be, from all quarters. as utEl- hs eS- peCted-
 A year or so prior 10 Inc pubEca- 7ion ol tEe alleged L1el1a~ editorial, NIr Ford. being himself a. strong pa rirst. eo7r.i-al -Ee idea or assisting and od.uraalnE tlo pa9lIe mind Of the cCurtry aEaiu=- lus.--aEizr.lr military service and war generally
 At rhe rtua thai -ua troops were called ID the Mexican border for service. Mr. Ford attitude towards his men was naturally a matter of
 
 SO Tribune or any other newspaper which cared to do s1. i- sc ms to mo had a rlEh- 10 comment in any req sonable and fair way thereon
 They claim that they carefully in quired as to what aIr- Forl's atu- rrlde vvas going 10 be as to inc care of his men who Joined inc National Guard or were members of iJ, and that they then wrote tha editorial -u szTlassfion which CharaCreT1zcs hirl ss an anarchist, an ignorant 1aeallst. sto. based on the Information ur5rh they claim to have received from 1T-. Elingensnith, Eicg-pre of the Ford Motor Company, tErou-l 1Ir. Williams.
 However. this edltorial. as it lp- peared fin the paper and standing by stBelf without explanation, ls ubelous. or in legal terms, Ibelous per se Cor iiself).
 The defendant Chicago Tribune. adruits.the publication and insists that ft was true. and therefore justified, and that even if not true. it was fair comment upon 70 matter Of puELC in tarast. either or which deffusl5 are sufficient if proven
 The plaintin ln every law suit is required 10 Eubaarlilla has claim by a praDoudCrsusa of tha proof. but in a case where. aE in this. a statom eur or publication ts IIbelous per ae. the only proof necessary to eutitIe Dsoiu- tIn Co recover whatever actual dam nge results. is tha proof of the pub 1icatiou itso1f, without explanation
 Malice Presumed.
 Tho publication or circulation of any article lgbaIous per Fs 'presumes
 aH-.. persoua1. individual malice. but malice in fla sense uow use the term, means only an aTu or wrong motive, intention or state 0f mind. not necss- saTiIy a persouaE la7fire against the body aboslt whom the arllclo is writ ten.
 In addition +o that. tt is the claim Of the plaintiff iu this case that the defendant was animated hy express malice and au.woaLty towards tha plaintiff Dacalz4. Of personal interest they had su fhe question of iBteryeu- . lion fin Mexico. and beealso of their eympathiss Wish Germany which was Chen enga Eed ln -ll4a Worlds War with England ana other allied na- lions.
 So that you now have to consider one party claiming injury by the LuDtIc1A4Gn or llG HEA4t4t lDt4ouB Dtl se, and the other party justify.ng the publication by claiming the truth thereof, and tho additional claim thai tt was fair comment upon a matter of public importance, upon which claiIa cilhy haHs the burden of prov ing the truth thereof by q pFepOnder- Rnae of the evidence, as the burden Fests upon the plaintiff, in the ffrs' instance, Of always proving his case by @ preDARdsFaHSs of evidence, 5f tbA burden is upon the defense, wheT they undertake to make either oi the defeHsas that ! have now men. ti0Bad. the blIEdsH js upon them and not upon ti1e other side. They mus establish either tha truth of til' charge they made, OF that it was faiI comment within the meaning of tha term.
 In determining tfe ease, gentle men of the jury, as between thss'