davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05
FAMOUS
PEACE TREATIES
CONVENTION OF 0LMUTz, 1850.

BY H. IRVING KING

mark by which Schleswig was gwen to
Denmark and the king of Denmark
was recognized as duke of Holstein
and authorized to restore order in
that duchy.
Meantime, with the aid of Russia,
Austria had crushed the Hungarian
rebellion and was stronger than ever.
The outcome of the Danish war had
been a humiliation for Prussia and
Frederick William had formed a
league of Prussia, Hanover and Sax
ony, offensive and defensive.
Signed the Convention.
The alliance formed by Prussia.
from the first was insincere and soon
broke up, and league Of the four
kings of Saxony, Bavaria. Hanover
and Wurtemburg was formed against
Prussia under the patronage Of Aus
tria. Prussia, however, drew to her
league some of the smaller German
states, among them Hesse. After the
hiiie VI liIt Nulti tiOoCh eiit
war between Denmark and Prussia,
Austria, which had taken hold of and
revived the power of the diet, prom
Used the car that she would enter
Holstein, which was still in revolt.
and restore order. The elector OF
Hesse withdrew from his alliance with
Prussia and abrogated a constitution
which had been forced upon him In
184S. A revolution drove him from
HIS throne and he fled to Frankfort to
ask aid from the diet. Bavarian troops
were ordered to occupy Hesse. Prus-
sian troops had also entered the cleo
torate and there was some little fight
ing between the outpOsts. Austria,
backed by Russia, demanded the dis
solution of the Northern league
formed by Prussia ;,Ad sent an uti-
matum demanding the instant with
drawal of the Prussian troops from
Hesse. Prussia was helpless ana
Frederick William dispatched Baron
Manteuffel to Olmutz in Austria
where he was met by the Austrian
general, Schwazenberg, and on No
vember 90, 1850, the two ENJOYS
signed the Convention of Olmutz.
1t was complete triumph for Aus
tria and a deep humiliation for Prus-
STA. Prussia agreed to withdraw all
her troops from Hesse, except one
battalion at Cassel, and the right of
the Austrian emperor to protect Hesse
was recognized. The full significance
of this will be realized from the fact
that electoral Hesse Lay between the
two halves of the Prussian kingdom
and its occupation by Austria would
mean an Austrian garrison In the
heart of Prussia. Also Prussia was
obliged to go back on her treaty with
Denmark and agree to help Austria
force out the Holsteiners who had in
vaded Schleswlg and, finally, to
break up the League of the North.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05

The treaty Of Zurich, signed on No
vember TO- 1859, virtually created the
modern kingdom Of Italy 1t put an
end to the war which Sardinia and
France had been waging against Aus
tria, and so increased the size and
power of the kingdom Of Sardinia that
after further annexations the year fol-
lowing, Victor Emanuel proclaimed
himself king of Italy and the kingdom
of Sardinia vanished.
1t was a curious piece of nomencla-
ture that of the "lsingdom of Sar-
DINA y for while the house of Savoy
took it's kingly title from an unconsid-
cred island, It's domains lay In north
ern Italy and also comprised what is
now the southeastern corner of
France. Under the guidance Of Car
your the king Of Sardinia had become
the head and front of the nationalistic
movement which was stirring all Italy
when he threw his troops into the
Crimean war and gained an ally in
France. When the Peace of Paris
closed that war Carvour boldly told the
assembled delegates that Italy would
never cease to be a hotbed Of unrest
and revolution until the Austrians
were expelled With this idea he had
filled the ear and mind of Napoleon
III, who timorously hesitated, posing
as the friend and champion Of Sardin-
ian aspirations but falling to act. AT
last, on July 20, 1858, Cawour and the
emperor had secret meeting at the
water-place of Plombieres, In the
vosges. 1t was agreed that at the
first favorable opportunity France
should attack Austria with an army Of
100000, and Sardinia with an army Of
half that number. Peace was not to be
made until Austria was expelled from
Italy. If necessary, the allies would
dictate terms In Vienna itself Lom-
hardy Venetia and the italian duchies
and that part Of Italy known as the
"Legations' were, with the kingdom Of
Sardinia, TO form kingdom Of North
ern Italy. A kingdom Of Central italy
was to be formed out of Umbrla and
Tuscany.
Certain to Defeat Austria.
The kingdom Of Naples, the southern
part of Italy, was to be left to itself,
as a popular revolution was certain
to overthrow the Austrian power there.
The pope was to keep Rome and the
district about 1t under garrison of
French troops. In return, the emperor
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05

AT the signing of the Convention Of
Olmutz, Austria appeared for the last
time as the wielder of the hegemony
of Germany the convention marked
the last stage of Prussia's descent in
the scale of Germanic influence I'M
der Frederick William IY and the be-
ginning Of the rise of that nation to
the supreme Teutonic power.
After the Congress of Vienna in
1915 there had been constituted the
Gernanic confederation to take the
place Of the defunct Holy Roman EN-
pire. 1t was more or less shadowy
affair, born in trouble and filled with
troubles to the end Of it's days In
this confederation Austria, backed by
the states of South Germany, had the
preponderance of power. The revolu-
tionary movement which swept Eu-
rope in 1913 shook all Germany. In
Berlin Frederick William was obliged
to make terms with the revolutionists
and at one time the Austrian emperor
was driven from his capital only to
be reinstated by force of arms The
question of succession to the throne
Of the duchles of Schleswig and Hol-
stein was in agitation and Prussia de-
clared war on Denmark. The Russian
ear who as representative of the ell
der branch of the former reigning
house Of Gottorp, sovereigns Of the
duchies, was personally interested,
and took u hand Russia and Eng
land brought pressure to bear and 4
and Prussia while conference met lin
October, 1913, at London, to settle the
dispute. Denmark demanded that
both duchies should be "indissolubly
connected with the Danish crown
Prussia refused to agree and on April
3, 1849, the war was renewed.
Prussia Desired Peace.
But, harassed by the actions Of the
confederated council at Frankfort,
Prussia desired peace, soon opened
direct negotiations with Denmark and
another truce was proclaimed on July
10, The rest of Germany, led by Aus
tria, declared this independent action
Of Prussia betrayal of the confed-
Grafton which claimed the duchies as
''reichland" The car said that the
right of the king Of Denmark to the
duchies must be recognized; the Hol-
steiners Holstein was preponderating-
ly German rebels and If Den
mark could not restore order in that
duchy he coulds Napoleon II alone
supported Prussia and, talking Of
1.-THE principle of nationalities," which
we have altered over into the phrase
"self-determination,' made overtures
to Frederick William who, rather
than listen to 'the DEVILS nephew"
as he called Louis Napoleon, placed
himself in the hands of Russia; and
on July 2, 1850, defnitive treaty
was signed between Prussia and Den
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05
Dressed to Kan In nsheII.cloth.n

Shell-cloth is the name of new
fabric being manufactured in Eng.
land. The stuff is fine serge and an
essential part Of projectiles.
And now that the war is over the
stuff is going into the making of
clothes instead of shells, says the
Philadelphia North American. 1t
ought to make "staggeringly" good
looking clothes, don't you think? One
woman might say quite truly to an
other: "Oh, my dear, she was dressed
to kill, all in shellcloth."
Or, on the other hand, what clever
opportunity for the feminine cat to
say that her dear enemy has "shock-
ing taste in the matter of clothes y
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05

Silence is more eloquent than words.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05
Boys Bill of Fare.

George Bailey, answering the in.
quiry, 'What is good for boy to eat?'
says:
"At this time Of the year, according
to the theories extant in North Caro-
lima in 1870, boy should have daily
plenty Of green fruit. pine rosin, young
cucumbers, raw new potatoes, green
blackberries, doughnuts, branch water
and two hours in the swimming hole"
Constitution.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05

ment Of the Netherlands granted a spe4
cial charter authorizing It's sale.
The good housewife of Holland would
almost as soon be without food as with
out her Real Dutch Drops" as she
quantity calls GOLD MEDAL HARLEM
Oil Capsules. Their use restores
strength and is responsible in a great
measure for the sturdy, robust health
of the Hollanders.
Do not delay, Go to your druggist
and insist on his supplying you with Q
Capsules. Take them as directed, and
If you are not satisfied with results your
druggist will gladly refund your money.
Look for the name GOLD MEDAL ON
the box and accept no other. In sealed
boxes, three sizes.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05
KIDNEYS WEAKENING?
BETTER LOOK OUT!

Kidney and bladder troubles don't
disappear Of themselves. They grow
upon you, slowly but steadily, UNDER
mining your health with deadly GER
tainty, until you fall a victim to in
durable disease.
Stop your troubles while there is
time. Don't wait until little pains be-
come big aches. Don't trihe with dis
ease. To avoid future suffering begin
treatment with GOLD MEDAL Haar-
lem Oil Capsules now. Take three or
four every day until you feel that you
are entirely free from pain.
This well-known preparation has been
one Of the national remedies of Hol-
land for centuries. In 1896 the govern
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05
Buy Fam, Now.

BecahBe land IL cheaper than Il viii ever
pc again. The U. 8. Railroad Admin. gtration
- prepared to furnish free information to
homcseekers regarding farming opportuni-
ties. We have nothing to sell; no money to
lend; only information to give. Write me
FULLY with reference to your needs. Name
the state you want to learn about J. l..
Edwards, Manager. Agricultural Section,
y. 9. Railroad Administration, Room 20,
Washington, d. C.-adv.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05
ee three times but failed.

Lee three times but failed. "Berry,
after ceaslng to be an executioner, set
up at Bradford as a phrenologist and
character reader" said Datas. His
card bore the words; Heads exam
ined." He examined a good many
heads in his time"
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05
cutIcura for PimpIy Faces.

To remove pimples and blackheads
smear them with Cuticura Ointment.
Wash off In FIVE minutes with Cuti-
cura Soap and hot water. Once clear
Keep your skin clear by using them for
daily toilet purposes. Don't fail to In.
clude Cuticura Talcum.-Adv.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05

The mere fact that man doesn't
call you liar is no reason that he
doesn't think you are one.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05
Daily Thouqht.

Daily Thought.
How many worthy men have we seem
survive their own reputations.--Mon
taigue
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-07-05
TREATY OF ZURICH, 1859.
Peace That Brought About the uniaoatIon Of Italy.

demanded the cession to France of
Nice and the duchy of Savoy. This
cession would be the first breach in
those treaties Of 1916, by which the
demarcations Of European nations had
been settled after the Napoleonic wars,
and the emperor saw In it not only
the establishment Of the Alps as the
natural boundary of France In that
section, but an entering wedge, per-
haps, toward gaining for France far
ther north her natural boundary of the
Rhine.
Then came a villainous item of the
contract. Princess Clotilde of SAVOY,
only sixteen years old was to be given
In marriage to the emperor's cousin.
Prince Napoleon called Plon-Plon. n
middle-aged roue of the very worst
character, the poor girls wishes in the
matter not counting in the least. Sar-
DINA began to assemble troops and the
king in opening parliament at Turin
declared that he was enot insensible
to the cry of woe that reached him
from so many parts of Italy" Some.
thing of the compact Of Plombieres
leaked out, and when, at his New
Years reception at the beginning of
1859, the emperor said to the Austrian
ambassador that he was sorry the re-
,lations between the two empires were
not as good as they used to be, all
Europe saw that war was impend-
ing, and set about trying to prevent
1t.
Emperor Declared War.
On April 26 the emperor declared
war : The French and Sandman arm
les won the battle Of Montabello, May
20; Magenta June 4, and Solferino
June a. The northern powers were
alarmed. Prussia called out her re-
serves and offered her 'mediationp to
Austria. Napoleon, without consult
ing the Italians, proposed an armistice,
and met Emperor Joseph at Villa
franco or July 8. The Austrian EN-
peror agreed to cede Lombardy to
France, to be handed over to Sardinia.
Parma was to be annexed also but Tus-
cany and Modera returned to their
former rulers; the pope was to keep
Romagna, Willie Venice and the IA
nous Quadrilateral, consisting Of four
strongly fortified cities IN northeastern
Italy were to remain Austrian possess
sions. Victor Emanuel, insulted and
disappointed, at first talked of going
on with the war single-handed.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-02-13
A Victory For a Free Press,

CongratuIst ions are due 10 the San.
Ia Fe New Mexican and its editor, E.
Dana Johnson. for successful resist
ance TO a menacing invasion Of the
freedom Of newspaper publications.
The supreme court Of New Mexico has
just reversed a decision by which Dis
trict Judge Merritt c. Mechem found
the paper in contempt and sentenced
its editor 10 thirty days in Jail for
publishing an account OF somethins
which ne had cone as a private indivi-
dual The New Mexican had been at
lacking a group OF politicians to which
the Judge was alleged to belong. Judge
Mechem made statement in affidavit
from which prevented the disbarment
OF a lawyer also connected with the
political faction under attack. and
claimed the publication OF an account
of this episode from the newspapers
point OF view impaired his ability u
administer .ustice in certain cases
then pending.
The danger to the rights OF free
press lay in Judge ,Mechem's extension
Of the scope Of the notion OF penden-
cy. There was no case then before
him in which his ability to admin
lister justice might have been impaired
by the publication OF the article. But
several months before indictments for
criminal libel had been found on the
ground Of charges which were part OF
the same campaign against this polit-
ical faction. These cases had not been
tried: so far as could be seen they
never would be brought TO trial; but
g,,ct ~ n N
for Furnishing the editor for con-
tempt. instead Of taking his chances
in a libel suit before some other judge
as any private citizen would have had
to. do.
II this ruling would have been ai-
lowed to stand the mere filing Of suits
which could be eternally delayed would
be sufficient to stop any newspaper
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-02-13
THREE SIMILAR PROPOSITIONS

Nothing Of late has so fully met the
approval of the American people In
general as the deportation Of that gang
OF bolsheviki. Count them fifty-four.
Firms and Russians and |. w. W., a
mixed pack Of wolves and hyenas
Mayor ole Hanson answered the boil
shevists in Seattle with the only ans
wer that appeals TO them or that sat
isles the American citizen. On your
way" said Hanson. ION your way or
face the rifles OF city determined to
be rid of you one way or another.
They were ready TO go and the I'M
migration laws provided the way for
the federal authorities TO satisfy
Seattle and the imported soviets. 20
they went. They and their like should
have been sent long ago. They and
their ilk should be followed by others
Now this man Hanson, known now
10 everyone in this country Is. 1t ap-
pears when we seek to know more
about him. a man who Is particularly
sympathetic with the aims Of honest
labor and labor organizations. He
started with nothing and made good.
climbed up to competence and place
hand over hand on the rope Of Amerf-
can opportunity. And doing so he
gained that quality of courage that was
so well exemplified in Theodore Roose-
welt and which makes its sure appeal
TO Americans. The soldiers have a
short and expressive term for that
quality. Ole Hanson has them.
He has shown US that We can rid
ourselves Of the traitors and anarchists
legally; that we can suppress them and
drive them from communities in an
other and in the end more certain
fashion when the choice arrives be-
tween submission to them and main
tenance Of law. order and equal oppor-
tunity. And there is and will be agree
ment with his propositions. There is
nothing American about bolshevism.
II is a great pity that Ole Hanson, of
Seattle is not a member OF the Ameri-
can delegation to the peace conference
President Andrew Jackson sent word
10 the nullifers that he would upon
the first word Of succession hang the
first one Of them on the first tree he
came to. General Dix ordered III any
man attempts to haul down the Ameri-
can flat shoot him on the spot. And
Hanson said Square your actions with
American law or go and 60 quickly ere
we load the guns. 1t points a moral
to know that in each Of the three in
stances quoted the man OF courage had
his way
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-02-13

luslsa = isSsses<ise. q rssvan ~ -
poli0cal war horsAs whore W would
s1psct them to be. psnrose. Weeks.
Hale and Lodge are associated With
Pomerene. Hardwiek Overman. VIII
liame, on the democratic side.
Kenyon and Cummins rank among
the suffrage supporters. as do their
colleagues who are found to be con
aistent champions Of progressive legis-
iation.
When the senate of the United
states votes to continue the enslave-
ment of women. II becomes Bit difri-
cult for America to maintain her posi-
ton as the worlds exponent OF liberty
and democracy.
We now enjoy the unique dstinc-
ton OF being the only Anglo Saxon
government which does not accept
woman on plane of political equality
with men.
IL should not be necessary to argue
the unfairness of this proposition. II
is generally ecosnized by every man
who places proper valuation upon
womanhood. However. as long az We
nave men In the national congress
wfo place political consider.rm..,s
above moral and social rights. we shall
be forced to confess our inhdeIity to
the principle OF Justice and to the
fundamentals Of democratic govern
ment.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-02-13
by David Cory.l

Old Mother Gray Goose came down
from the North
With all her young gooses beside
her;
And she though, she would take a rest
on the lake
And she never thought harm would
betide her.
And now I suppose you are wonder
ing what did happen to Old Mother
Gray Goose and her little ones. al
though they weren't so very little. after
all when you come to think Of II. for
they could ny just as well as she
could.
Well. you be patient Tor another half
minute and you shall hear what Billy
Bunny saw this particular morning
az he hoped along the Babblin-
Brook till he came to the Old Mill
Pond. Close TO the edge Of the pond
Fat Old Mother Gray Goose and hes
three young ones frozen fast IN the ice.
You see. the night before she had
flown down to rest on the water. and
maybe she fell asleep. for when she
woke up she and her young ones were
caught fast in the ice which had
formed during the night. Cruel Mr..
North Wind had blown over the Old
Mill Pond. turning the top Of the water
into a thin, hard sheet Of ice.
,"Oh, dear! oh. dear" cried Billy
Bunny when he saw poor Old Mothef
Gray Goose. How will she ever get
free?" And then the little rabpit
looked this way and that. but that
didn't do any good. And just then, all
of a sudden. he saw Old Man Weasel
sneaking along the edge OF the pond.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-02-13
The 0oishsviki,

surely IL ought TO go without sav-
my that the allied powers at Paris
are not compelled TO resort to trickerv
ana treachery n dealing with the Boil
sheVihi. The suggestion that the moves
mus Tar made are deliberately made
III bau faith must be dismissed II
must be presumed that the council I'm
lis relations with the Bolshevlki. sim
c"Fely believes there is some hope of
compromising with the enemy of M.
ions and therHhy promoting peace,
What q vain hope What a commit
cation is created when the allied ma
lions enter into negotiations with the
power that intends to destroy them!
what raise announcement is given to
the anarchists. who are made TO see
In these ov-rtures both weakness and
timidity in the allied nations! Is IL any
wonder that the Bolsheviki fight with
redoubled Zeal in the Archangel dis
trfct, and throw gas and fire upon the
American troops? These fanatics
think they see early and over-victory
for their red cause.
Possibly some OF the peace delegates
have convinced their reluctant col
leagues that he Bolshcviki are amen
able to reason; that they are not as
black a. they are painted: that a con-
ciliatory policy will bring about COM
promise. II this surmise is correct.
IT would account for the blunder that
the allies are now committing For
il is a blunder, gloss IL over as you
will: and the ensuing months will re-
veal IL as a costly blunder. II not a
fatal one.-Washington Post.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-02-13

10 hssa iAbss - ~ roaAs o. else
where in public service at reason
able return which shall be paid In
cash OF credit to his family. tie could
be made to earn II. One Of the prob
lens of unemployment and economics
ls the conscientious objector to work,
He should lie drafted and drilled for
three months period as starter and
lacking reform he kept In the army OF
forced labor,
Two things suggested by the Coax
ley bill stand out; The man who needs
work and desires IT should have a
chance 20 work for his own and the
man who deliberately chooses unem-
ployment and paupelism because he
doesn't want to work should he made
to work for his own living and the
support OF those who are legally de-
pendent on him,