davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1919-11-18
SI'22RE NQ3LES.

Each day brings US more and NOR
Of depe ndable merchandise that u
ideal for Christmas presents. Any
ono who is out shopping can flint
here suitable Gifts for every membe
Of the family. tn
II you haven't made up your mind
tell us the amount you wish to spen'
and let us mako few suggestions.
WHAT WILL I GIVE HER? Tha
inevitable question ls' answered b.
the slogan, "0ive Her Some sTru
Irish Linen"
REMEMBER--lt 10 none too earl!
to arrange your Christmas list, AM
this store 10 abundantly able to sup
ply gifts for men, women and children
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1919-11-18
FOR SALE

FOR SALE-On long time, Groom
house, 2o5 South Gay. b. ID. Heron,
agent. MWF II
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1919-11-18

Mr.. Ray Sapp left this morning for
Flint, Mich, on a business trip.
Taxi service. 'Phone 315 J. Cole.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
Reconstruction Next
ECONOMIC REVOLUTION NOW
ON IN GERMANY
The People Seeking a Betterment of
Their Present Labor and
Physical Conditions

Washington. = The Star gives the
following word picture of the eco
nomic revolution going on in Ger
many:
GAS the German revolution proceeds
through the stage of reorganization,
with reactionary tendencies constant
ly in evidence, it is important to con-
slider why the people of the former
empire sought the overthrow of their
governmental system. 1t was not be-
cause they were opposed to kaiserism
as a political institution, or because
they were particularly indignant at
the loss of the war. There was no
moral revulsion, no awakening of con-
science. The revolution, to state the
case plainly, was strictly economic in
character. The people were seeking
betterment of physical conditions.
Much has been heard in recent
years of the wonderful efficiency of
the Germans, of the kindliness of their
government, of the many measures
adopted for the welfare and happi-
ness of the people. Little has been
heard of the true condition of the
millions constituting the body of the
nation. 1t has not been known gen
orally by the citizens of this country,
for instance, that the average earn
ings of the adult male in Germany,
shortly before the war, were $310 a
year in unskilled and 1913 in skilled
occupations; that the average cost of
living per family was $531.70; that
fully third of the economic labor of
the empire was done by women, near
ly 100000 of them working; that
the average wage of these women was
about 55 cents a day; that men and
women alike worked on an average
10 to II hours daily; that in 1911
more than half a million children
worked in the mills, mines and fac
tories at pityfully low wages; that to
make up the family budget it was ne
cessary for all members, adults and
children, to work at home on "sweat-
shop" tasks; that there was such a
surplus of labor that, for example, in
Baden in 1913 there were 278,910 ap-
plications for 1912 jobs, with an
average of III applicants for every
100 jobs, and in 1914 there were 273
male candidates for every 100 places.
"The war did not improve these
conditions but actually made them
worse. Wages were increased in
some employments, but every neces-
sity of life advanced in price dispro-
portionately.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
Long Working Hours
Means Less Products

. Washington.-In a pamphlet issued
by the United States public health
service it is shown that the claim
that less hours means less production
is untrue.
The pamphlet contains study on
industrial fatigue by committee OF
the council of national defense.
at is obvious" report the investi-
gators, "that a man can do more
work in two hours than in one hour;
but it does not necessarily follow
from this that he can do more in IL
hours than in 10 OF more in 10 hours
than in eight. In fact, whenever the
work is of such duration that fatigue
begins to be pronounced, it has been
shown again and again that shorten
ing the working period actually in
creases the amount of work done.
This may not always be evident in
the first few weeks, but it appears
| later.
"Innumerable instances of this
might be quoted. Thus certain
granite-cutting company found that
the same man under identically the
same conditions accomplished more of
exactly the same kind of work when
he was working nine hours than he
did when he was working 10 hours.
And again when the hours were redu-
ced to eight this same man accom-
plished still more in an eight-hour
day, than he did in nine-hour day,
or a considerable amount more than
ne did when the day was 10 hours
long"
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
In Interest of Labor
A NEW DIVISION is FORMED TO
PROMOTE BUILDING
Administration Believes a Nations
Prosperity is Reflected by
Building Operations

Washington. A new division for
the encouragement of building opera
tions has been created by the labor
department and will be in operation
soon after the opening of the new
year. Civic and trade associations
throughout the nation have been flood
ing Washington with suggestions, and
it is believed that the campaign to be
launched will prove one of the greatest
readjustment factors initiated by the
administration.
Officials are unanimous stating
that the nations prosperity is best
reflected by new building operations.
The administration is solidly behind
the plan and is mobilizing experts to
carry out the program. 1t is said that
whatever legislation is needed to
bring about financial aid for interests
who seek to build will be forthcoming.
In discussing the plan Frank Morrl-
son, secretary of the American Fed
GRAFTON of Labor, said:
"Unless the people of the United
States awake to the necessity OF at
once encouraging building operations,
we will have bread lines in our indus
trial centers before spring comes.
Many men who plan new structures
are holding back because Of the diff
culties of excavation processes IN the
winter months. They must be encour-
aged to take up the work. at once.
Certain it is that thousands of mu-
nitions workers are being thrown upon
the labor market, and the young men
from the army have reason to fear
lest labor competition will bring about
low wages and idleness such as the
country has never known.
"What such a condition might lead
to no one who has not seen Russia IN
her recent distress can imagine.
"The administration is wise IN pro-
viding means for the encouragement
of building. In 1914, when the wal
broke out hundreds of thousands be-
came idle in the United States almost
over night. Then within a couple OF
months conditions were readJusteo
when the munition works began to
call for labor. Now we are going back
to the days of 1914, for the munition
plants are closing.
"Peace times will bring privation to
labor unless everything possible is
done to encourage the investment OF
our huge resources in building and
trade expansion programs"
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
WAR PROFITS MOUNT HIGH

In recent speech on war taxation,
just published in the Congressional
Record, Congressman Kltchin of North
Carolina, presented these figures on
war profits of American manufact-
urers:
"In the pre-War years 1911, 1912
and 1913, the average net income of
the corporations of this country were
4,122, 100000. In 1915 it was S.
|310,000,000, an increase of over ST.
|000,000,000. After paying their taxes
they had over $1,0O0,000,OOO clear net
profit more than the pre-war average.
In 1916 they had $8,765, 100000 of net
income, over $4,500,0O0OOO more than
in the pre-war years. After paying
all their income taxes and all other
taxes they had clear net over 100 per
cent more that they had during the
pre-war period.
''In 1917, according to treasury esti-
mates upon their returns so far tabu-
lated, the net income will reach $10,-
500,0O0,000, about $6,50O,O 100000 more
than in the pre-war period. After
paying all the taxes of that year they
have over $50 per cent more than the
pre-war profits.
after paying the taxes levied by
this bill, the income tax on corpora
tions and excess profits or war profits
tax on corporations, there will be left
to the corporations over $1.700,00 900
more income and profits than their
pre-war average net income for 1911,
1912 and 1913. Can not they stand
| it? Who, in the face of these facts,
will stand here or elsewhere sponsor
for the plea that corporate business
can not stand the tax?
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03

Washington. = The conventions of
the American Federation of Labor,
held since the declarations of war in
1914, instructed the executive council
to call labor peace conference of all
nations at the time and place the
peace conference is held by the bel
ligerent nations, and that at least five
delegates-one of whom shall be the
president of the American Federation
Of Labor-be selected to participate
in this conference.
The executive council selected Sam
uel Gompers, James Duncan, John K.
Alpine, Frank Duffy and William
Green to represent the American la
Dor movement. 1t is expected that
they will sail early this month for
Paris.
The labor mission, composed of
Samuel Gompers, John P. Frey, Chas.
L. Baine, VIM. A. Bowen and Edgar
Wallace, which visited England,
France and Italy, attended the inter
allied labor conference held at Lon
don, September II, 18, 19, 1918. The
conference declared that in the official
delegations from each of the belliger-
ent countries which will formulate
the peace treaty, the workers should
have direct official representation; 1t
also declared in favor of World La
Dor Congress to be held at the same
time and place as the peace confer
ence that will formulate the peace
treaty.
The American delegation submitted
the following fundamental principles
to the inter-allied conference, based
upon the declarations Of the conven-
tions of the American Federation OF
Labor, which must underlie the peace
treaty, in order that the sacrifices
which were made to safeguard anc
realize for the peoples of all nations
the benefits of democracy shall not
have been in vain:
/. A league of the free peoples Of
the world in a common covenant fol
genuine and practical cooperation t.
secure justice and therefore peace il
relations between nations.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
PREVENTION OF SPREAD OF INFLUENZA
Discussed by North Medical Experts the Meeting of
Public Health Association at Chicago

The report of the proceedings and
debates at the recent meeting OF the
American Public Health Association
at Chicago, comprising delegations
by the medical profession from the
entire North American Continent, af-
fords interesting and instructive read
ing. One of the results of their dis
cussions which, by the way, covered
a most varied and wide field, is rather
negative. 1t was that concerning the
origin and the methods of prevention
of the spread of Influenza. Whence
the epidemic comes and by what 1t Is
induced or contracted and how it may
be most effectively checked or local
lied were questions upon which this
gathering of the medical experts OF
all America not only disagreed but
admitted their "ignoramus", at least
for the present. With regard to the
means of prevention, which was the
subject of an enlivened debate at the
convention, prevention of overcrowd-
ing" was regarded as the most i'm
portant measure in the jurisdiction OF
health officers. To quote from the
extensive report as given in "The
Survey New York, Dec. 21).
at seems reasonable to think that
if the disease is spread by contact and
by coughing and sneezing, the surest
method of control is by the prevention
of overcrowding and community con-
gestion. The testimony of various
health officers as to this measure OF
control seemed to vary greatly. No
decision was arrived at as to the
value or lack Of value of the methods
adopted by various health commits
sioners. One after another of them
testified that the effect upon the cpl
demic was negligent whether the
theaters, stores or schools were closed
or not; that some communities, for
instance Detroit, had suffered less
without closing ordinance than
others, like Buffalo, where everything
was closed tight. 1t was also cited
that in Philadelphia the explosions
of the disease increased by leaps and
bounds right after the closing ordi-
nances and orders, and that in many
other communities the closing OF
schools, recreation centers and other
places was followed by great in
crease in the number of cases.
"Of course, there was hardly any
uniformity in the closing orders OF
different communities. While some
closed up movies and left the theaters
and operas open, others, others closed
schools and left department stores
wide open-indeed, in very few COM
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
Railway Clerks Uniting

Cleveland, O.-As the result of an
active campaign the railway clerks
here are joining the several new
unions by the scores. 1t is purposed
to continue active work until those
still outside will be included in the
new unions. Already five new unions
have been formed. These are COM
posed of clerks employed by the
Pennsy, Erie, New York Central, Big
Four and the B. & o. A meeting has
been called to line up the Nickel Plate
clerks.
Waco, Tex-Thirty-th lodges of
the Brotherhood Of Railway Clerks
representing the southwestern section
met here and formed an organization
to be known as the Southwestern Fed
GRAFTON of Railway Clerks. The dele
gates present represented a member
ship of over 10000. R. J. Morgan of
Dallas was chosen permanent chair
man and J. r. Hooper of Houston
secretary, Houston boasts of over
1000 members and other locals re-
ported that they were close seconds.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03

munities has the closing been absolute
SO as to stop transportation as we'll
as industrial activities. 1t was en-
phasized that the closing of recrea-
ton facilities was ridiculous without
the simultaneous closing of stores and
large industrial establishments. DR..
Robertson claimed that the value of
closing theaters and movies was in
giving the people more time for sleep
and thus reducing the Infection. How
ever, one Of the health officers facet
iously remarked, eff sleep is such a
valued therapeutic measure, why was
Philadelphia so badly stricken?"
"Dr. r. S. Copeland claimed that it
would have been unwise to close the
schools in big city like New York,
with its 100000 children, several hun
dred thousand of whom live in over
crowded tenement houses. Moreover
he claimed that the schools could be
used as educational health centers
though which health propaganda could
be carried to the tenement-house
dWellers.
'Prof. C. E. A. Winslow of Yale
presented a resolution to the effect
that school closing should depend on
the size and educational standards of
the community; that in large cities,
with a dense tenement house p0pula-
ton and where effective measures for
school inspection exist and the schools
could be used for health propaganda,
they should be left open, while in
rural communicates and wherever
there is lack of proper inspection
and educational facilities, the schools
should be closed.
"Bhere is, of course, no question as
to the value Of proper provision of
medical facilities and of a thorough
organization of general relief. The
need of hospital facilities, the organ
ization of the medical profession, the
mobilization of nursing resources and
a concerted, intelligent, unified at
tempt to furnish medical aid to each
individual in the community during
the epidemic, was declared to be es-
sential. The same applies to pro-
visions for general and special relief
which are so needed and were so lack
ing during the past epidemic.
"The greatest method of prevention
and conrtol of the influenza epidemic
10 III puDllC IlcdlIl eQuCdIlOH III lIS
broadest sense. The most important
measures, however, in the control of
influenza as well as of other diseases
is the reorganization Of the health
activities of communities, the placing
of health control under unified COM
mand, INSTRUMENTATION of public
health agencies, cooperation of pri-
vate and community institutions and
thorough accord of municipal, state
and federal health authorities. In
other words, perfect team play in
public health work."
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
UNIONISTS RECOGNIZED

Washington. - Ex-Governor Lind
of Minnesota, acting as umpire Tor
the national war labor board in the
case of organized machinists versus
the Niles-Bement Pond company of
Plainfeld, New Jersey, rules that
these workers are entitled to present
grievances to the company through
representatives of their own choice,
whether such representatives be at
the time an employe in the establish
ment or not" Il
The company employees between 300
and 400 men, 80 per cent Of whom are
union. The demand for the union
shop was not involved in the wage
controversy, but the company refused
to treat with the unions representa-
tives on the ground that he was not
an employe. The company justified
it's action on the ground that the ma
tional war labor board had declared
where union and nOn-union men work
together and the employer meets only
with employees engaged in such estab-
lishments, the continuance of such
conditions shall not be deemed a
grievance.
The workers show that prior to last
year grievances were handled by union
representatives, but that lately a
change has been made.
"In an establishment where the
practice had been uniform one way OF
the other" said the umpire, "it was
quite natural for the board to lay
down the rule that the continuance
Of such practice during the war
should not constitute a grievance, but
where, as in this case, there had been
an apparently arbitrary change, such
change might we'll constitute a griev-
ance."
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
Will This Condition
Visit Other Cities =?

New York. - Police investigation
confirms report by private agencies
of suffering among many families of
the lower east side, with especial ref
erence to young children, says the
World. To some extent these hard
ships appear to be due to the inability
of the people to buy milk at present
prices, but the high cost of all foods
is mainly responsible.
If the situation is as desperate as
is indicated, it is grossly improper to
leave it wholly to the interminable
milk inquiry now in progress. That
investigation is legal and economic in
it's scope. Starving babes and chill
dren fainting from hunger in a land
of plenty where generosity has no
limit present a question of humanity
not to be ignored.
New York has been lavish in its
gifts to every charitable and patriotic
cause. Many of its people have been
wearied, no doubt, by the frequent
appeals to their hearts and purses,
but even so, there must always be
something left for the succor of the
wretched at our own doors. The
privations of infancy and childhood
in particular cannot fail to command
the sympathy and assistance of the
compassionate.
To relieve misery of this description
it is only necessary that there should
be organization. Which one of OuI
many charitable societies will make
this work its own and carry relief
measures to success in New York S
war-f -famished districts?
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
A. F. of |. Reconstruction Plan

2. No political or economic restric-
tions meant to benefit some nations
and to cripple or embarras others.
3. No reprisals based upon purely
vindictive purposes, or deliberate de-
sire to injure, but to right manifest
wrongs.
4. Recognition of the rights Of
small nations and of the principle,
"No people must be forced under
sovereignty under which it does not
wish to live"
5. No territorial changes or adjust
ment of power except in furtherance
Of the welfare of the peoples affected
and in furtherance of world peace.
In addition to these basic principles
there should be incorporated in the
treaty which shall constitute the
guide of nations in the new period
and conditions into which we enter
at the close of the war, the following
declarations fundamental to the best
interests of all nations and of vital
importance to wage-earners:
l. That in law and in practice the
principle shall be recognized that the
labor of human being is not com
modify or article of commerce.
! 2. Involuntary servitude shall not
exist except as a punishment fol
crime whereof the party shall have
been duly convicted.
3. The right of free association
free assemblage, free speech and free
press shall not be abridged.
A.. That the seamen Of the merchant
marine shall be guaranteed the right
of leaving their vessels when the same
are in safe harbor.
5. No article or commodity shall be
shipped or delivered in international
commerce in the production of which
children under the age of 16 years
/ have been employed or permitted tt
Ework.
6. 1t shall be declared that the
basic workday in industry and com
merce shall not exceed eight hours
per day.
7. Trial by jury should be estab
! lished.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
Pressmen's Gains

Pressmen's Home, Tenn.-Addition
al increases in wages have been re-
ported by the international Printing
Press and Assistants Union from a
number of cities.
In New York City Web Pressmen' S
Union No. 25 was awarded an increase
of Sc a week for men in charge and
journeymen, $3.50 to $3.50 for junior
pressmen. This makes the wages for
men in charge. $3.50 day, for jour
neymen $3.50 day, with an addition
al dollar for Saturday night. Juniors
will receive $3.50 a day with addi-
tional so cents for Saturday night
Wages for cylinder feeders $50 week
Web pressmen of Seattle, Wash,
received an additional war bonus of
SO week, bringing wages up to $3.50
day for foremen, $3.50 for men in
charge of press and Sc for journey
men.
Cylinder pressmen in Rochester, N
Y, received an increase of Sc a week.
as did the members of Hudson County
Web Pressmen's Union, the cylinder
pressmen of Pittsburgh, Pa, and of
Racine, Wis.
In Cleveland, o., Pressmen's Union
No. Sc, were granted an additional in
crease on their minimum of $28.50
making a minimum scale of $31 a
week for cylinder pressmen. This
represents a total increase in one year
of $40.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
Strike to Gain Increase

St. Louis, Mo. = The commercial
members Of Photo -Engravers' union
No. 10 were compelled to force the
issue by striking when the employers
refused an increase. The cessation Of
work was of short duration. The new
agreement runs for a period of three
years. 1t raises the scale of wages
from $28 to $35 and stipulates A
hour week, to go into effect Jan. 1,
1920. Back pay from December l is
also provided for.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
Form State Body

Nashville, Tenn.-Postal employees
of the state held a most successful
mass meeting. Representatives from
all sections of the state were present.
A permanent organization to be known
as the Tennessee state association OF
postal employees was formed. The
purpose of the new organization is to
better the, postal service and the
working conditions of postal en-
ployes.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
Pattern Makers Union

Harrisburg, Pa.-The pattern max
ers have finally succeeded in complet-
ing their union and electing full set
of officers. The work of securing the
organization required continued close
application and much effort on the
part of representatives of that league.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
Butchers Win Eight Hours

Bakersfield, Cal. - The Butchers
union here has just signed new scale
agreement that comedies them the
eight-hour day. 1t is asserted that
this is the first butchers union in the
United States to secure that recogni-
tion. The agreement also provides
that no Japs or Chinese are to be
hired in the butcher shops.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-01-03
LABOR'S PROGRESS
Advances Made and Better Conditions
Secured All Over the Country
Spanish Workers Uniting

Oakland, Cal.-As the result of an
intensive campaign being carried on
among the Spanish workers in the
shipyards large numbers of them are
becoming mebers Of the Shipping La
borers' union. Heretofore these work
ers were apparently reluctant about
accepting membership in unions.