Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-04-28

ternational engagements, such as
treaties of arbitration or regional
understandings like the Monroe
doctrine for securing the mainte-
nance of peace.
entirely new.)
Article Twenty Two.
To those colonies aud territories
which, as a consequence of the late
war. have ceased to be under the
sovereignty of the states which for
merly governed them, and which
are inhabited by peoples not yet
able to stand by themselves under
the strenuous conditions of the mod
ern world, there should be applied
the principle that the we'll being
and development of such peoples
form a sacred trust Of civilization
and that securities for the perform
ance of this trust should be em!bod-
led in this covenant.
The best method of giving prac-
ticable effect to this principle is that
the tutelage of such peoples be en-
trusted to advanced nations who, by
reasons of their resources, their ex-
perience or their geographical posi-
ton, can best undertake this re-
sponsibility and who are willing to
accept it, and that this tute!agc
should be exercised by them as
manufactures OH behalf Of the league.
The character of the mandate
must differ according to the stage
of the development of the people,
the geographical situation of the
territory, its economic condition
and other similar circumstances.
Certain communities formerly be-
longing to the Turkish empire have
reached a stage of development
where their existence as indie
pendent nations can be Professionally
recognized subject to the rendering
OF administrative advice and assis-
lance by a mandatory until such
time as they are able to stand alone.
The wishes of these communities
must be a principal consideration in
the selection of the mandatory.
Other peoples, especially those OF
central Africa, are at such stage
that the mandatory must be respon-
sible for the administration OF the
territory under conditions which
will guarantee freedom of con-
science or religion subject only to
the maintenance OF public order
and morals, the prohibition Of
abuses such as the slave trade, the
arms traffic and the liquor traffic
and the prevention of the estab-
lishment of Notifications or mill
tary and naval bases, and of military
training of the nations for other
than police purposes and the de-
Tense of territory and will also
secure equal opportunities for the
trade and commerce Of other men,
bers of the league.
There are territories, such as
Southwest Africa and certain of the
south Pacific islands, which, owing
to the sparseness of their population
or their small size or their remote
ness from the centers Of civilization
or their geographical contiguity to
the territory of the mandatory and
other circumstances can be best ad-
ministered under the laws of the
mandatory as integral portions of
its territory subject to the safe
guards above mentioned in the in
terests of the indigenous popula-
ton. In every case of mandate, the
mandatory shall render to the coun-
Gil an annual report in reference to
the territory committed to its
charge. .. /
The degree Of authority, control
or administration to be exercised by
the mandatory shall, If not previous
ly agreed upon by the members of
the league, be explicitly defined in
each case by the council.
A permanent commission shall be
constituted to receive and examine
the annual reports of the mandator-
les and to advise the council on all
matters relating to the observance
of the mandates.
This is the original Article 10,
virtually unchanged, except for the
insertion of the words and who are
willing to accept" in describing ma
tons to be given mandatories.)
Article Twenty-three.
Subject to and in accordance with
the provisions of international con-
ventions existing or hereafter to be
agreed upon the members of the
league (a) will endeavor to secure
and maintain fair and humane con-
ditions of labor for men, women and
children both in their own countries
and in all countries to which their
commercial and industrial relations
extend, and for that purpose will es-
tablish and maintain the necessary
international organizations; (b) un-
dertake to secure just treatment Of
the native inhabitants of territories
under their control; (c) will entrust
the league with the general super
vision over the execution of agree
ments with regard to the traffic in
women and children, and the traffic
in opium and other dangerous
drugs; (d) will entrust the league
with the general supervision OF the
trade in arms and ammunition with
the countries in which the control
Of this traffic is necessary in the
common interest; (e) will make pro-
vision to secure and maintain free
dom of communication and of tram 1
sit and equitable treatment for the
commerce of all members of the
league. In this connection the spe-
cal necessities of the regions devas-
tated during the war of 19l4-l9l8
shall be in mind; (f) will endeavor
to take steps in matters of inter-
national concern for the prevention
and control of disease.
(This replaces the original arti-
Gle 20. and embodies parts of the