davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-06-01

u.
Heewn from wedding Trim
Upon their return from their wed :
Ding Journey. Mr.. and Mrs. John z.
Meade Win b At home. 1o4 Summit
avenue. Barton Heights. The mar
r1akc took place May 1Sd. the bride
being Mfss Willie Kumlehn, daughter
Of Mr.. and Mrs. William Kumlehn.
MP. Meade's former homo was II
AAnaas City.
5ud9e and Mrs Singleton D4ess re-
turned to their home n Lynchburg
last week after spending sometime
here with Miss Nellie DiEgs Spence.
at the Raleigh
Mra r. II. Peters. and Miss Lyn-
wood Peters. Of 1919 Grove avenue.
left yesterday for a visit to relatives
at Arvonia. ana Keysviife.
DR.. and Mrs. Edward Easily. Of Biue-
heid. West Virginia, have returned to
their home, after spending short
time here with Mrs. E:asly's sister.
Mrs Gen. A. Hines, on West Grace
street. DR.. and Mrs. Easily stopped
here on their way from a northern
trip.
Mrs. Da yscn Watkins, Of Fork
Union. IL The guest Of her sister, MIRA
F. RI. Herndon, on Park avenue.
Mrs. D. b. weistger and two chfl-
dren. David and Emory, are visiting
relatives In Buckingham county.
Mrs. 0eorEs Galespie has completed
. delightful visit TO Mrs. H. g. Beverly
on Floyd avenue. returning to her
home At Parksley on Thursday.
Mra r. ". Tuggie. Mrs. Maxwell
Donnan, and Miss Sally Branch Dom
nan, OF Petersburg. are the week END
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-06-01

pFun1nen1 Nn1x1AUoA
II v~y prominent wedding. the en-
.aspneut having formerly bsen an
tounced, which socisU throuknou.
Hr1inia Win - part3cunFiy fntcres"
!. y tlaAt II 16i0 PheoDs DiHoe.
Randolph. daughter Of D. HooeI.
Randolph, of Baltimore. and baidwin
oay opfllman. Jr.. son Of 0snera1 nno
IN. BALDWIN Day 0pillmAn. OF war
Won. Tomorrow June 3nd h the
laHe IT for the marriage. which takes
ponee "A the chapel Of Emanuai Prot
slant Episcopal church. Baltimore.
& 8 o'clock. Immediately after the
marriage a reception to which about
oventy -l9ve people, including only the
relatives Of the two families hAve
teen invited. will be held at the home
* the brides father on Park avenue,
Baltimore.
Ms Randolph II granddaughter
4 the Bishop Alfred NJ. and Mrs Ran
loiph, Of Virginia, and has a WIDE
A5nily connection throughout tho
data. Mr.. Spillman, who has recently
Sturned from overseas, WAS awarded
no crox d. guerre. Among those At
ending the marriage from Richmond
wfyl be Mr.. and Mrs. A. M. RAN
iolph. Jr.
Young-JoQeA
Among tbs interesting events OF tho
month, was the marriage OF MES
elAnoh Jones. daughter OF Mr.. and
Ars. John B. Jones, OF near Black
konA. Va. 10 Roslyn Dell Young.
Mrmerly OF Petersburg. but now OF
Newport News. whore Mr.. Young -
DlAoe IN me Baptist church at Black
Aena aaturNAv MAY Gath. with the
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-06-01
Amnsruv Aufhnur c9uh.
Darr.. n Bfuer AYn,osy.

DNnrsp n BfWeW AFTl0ey.
Arrangements are being corn pleted
for the ben>e, dance TO be given At
the Blues apmory on next Saturday.
Tune 7th. Mrs Frank Ferrandini. the
rAnsKAt chairman. wifi BE- A1stNted by
a larre number Of marons and younE
ladies. ana Indications are that this
WIN be on. NJ the largest and most
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-06-01
S @ C + E T Y
MRS NuSErREE FOI4IkES. EDITOR
lone: Randolph s414-w Once Phone: Madison 1875

being 4 member Of the BlueA I'M
mediately at.er the ceremony 16r. ana
Mr.. Young left for northern trip.
and on their return they win ress0s a
Newport Newr. where Mr.. Young -
engaged In business.
Among the guests from . distance.
were Mrs. Young Of Petersburg. moth
er Of the groom. Miss Mary Mann
and Miss Martha seabury. Also OF
Petersburg.
Williams Burt
The marriage Of Mfse Lillian Rum
Williams. and Ernest n. Burt. both
OF Richmond, took place wednesday
Mt the home Of Mr.. and Mrs. G. r.
Palmatier, Of Roxbury. with ]. Fl.
Hickman o'acianng. After June sth
Mr.. and Ms Burt WIN be at home,
6o4 East Leigh street
Entertainment mt St Pntr4ck's Han.
On Tuesday evening June 10th the
Immaculate Conception society Of st.
Patrick's Catholic church. win give
an entertainment, and dance IN st.
PAtrick's auditorium. corner Twenty
sixth and Grace streetn Music Will be
furnished by a *axz band. and several
welI-known vccalists WIN aSstSt IN
making the a~air most successful. A
number OF tickets have already been
disposed 81 and the entertainment
promises to he most attractive.
Amateur AufhnsS club.
The Amateur Authors club OF
Richmond met with W. r. A. Haynes,
Jr., I'LL Barton avenue. and held
very enjoyable session. Several mem
bers Of the eluh read Original COM
positions which won the applause OF
the whole company. The club pur-
poses to hold two meetings 4 month.
Among those present 1t this meeting
were: Misses Mary Frances Yeats.
Mary Y-ownd@s Peple. Frances Wilson.
Gladys Shaw. Anna Kcslow. Elizabeth
Hill. Eva Branch and ". r. A. Haynes.
Jr., Vincent 9. Parisi. and Edmond A.
MerAs-
Danr~ N BfueR Arnldsy.
Arrangements are being p1eteh
for the hen>N, dance 10 be given At
the Blues armory on next Saturday.
Tune 7th. Mrs. Frank Ferrandini, the
xAnsrHt chatrman.-Wfff BE- assirted by
49, ~ ~ " .
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-06-01

affirmative dances Of this season. A
Jaz band VIII furnish music, and re-
freshmentD viii BE- served
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-06-01

Continued On Page rvo.)
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-06-01

The season for the weekly enter
ailments At the woman's club
The Cordova daily times., 1919-05-26

have gassed their way to Paris in short order. AS it was, they brought to the line an almost neglible supply and they themselves were insufficient ly protected to go through their own gas and follow up the attack. By the time they were able to renew gas war fare the French and British had equip- ped themselves with masks which were sufficient to protect men against chlorine"
 The report tells of the development of gas masks from the original gauge pads soaked in chemicals to the "box respirator" which came into general use. The Americans and British em- ployed double protection masks, the face piece being gas tight but, to in sure against leaks, a mouth piece and nose clip being supplied also, insuring protection even in a torn mashfx The first order was for 100000 o1 ese masks for the American force(
 Subsequently, to provide rt for the men, it was decided d that single protection mastt tNculd be sufficient, the risk of leaky fikAsks being regarded as preferable t0. the discomfort of the double prot6Etion
The Cordova daily times., 1919-05-26

type. When this decision was receiy- ed, however, on this side, it was de- cided to carry forward experiments with new types of masks which would give more comfort and security. This was carried forward to point where squad of 150 men in the field testing section almost lived in their gas masks, working, playing baseball, digging trenches, fighting sham bat ties day and night in which actual gas grenades were employed and expos ing themselves to the heaviest concen- trations of the deadly gases under all conditions.
 The work of this section," the re. port says, "even went so far in the case of the later designs as to include test where six men worked, played and slept in the masks for an entire week, only taking them of for thirty minutes at each meal time, and each day entering high concentration of the most deadly gases without injury to the wearers."
 The chief ingredient of the protec. tion against gases is carbon, which absorbs the gas instantaneously. Go. coanut shells formed the best supply
The Cordova daily times., 1919-05-26

of carbon that could be found and the known world was raked by American representatives to secure what was needed. In addition enormous .quan- titles of fruit pits and other nut shells were secured and the national cam paign to increase the supply of these ingredients met with great success. The slogan Eat More Cocoanut," the report states, increased the consump. tion in the country more than 100 per cent in a very brief period and in October, 1918 the government was obtaining from all sources 15O tons per day of cocoanut shells. The fruit canneries of the Pacific coast SUD- piled 100 tons day in apricot, peach and cherry pits and walnut shells and the campaign led by the American Red Cross to induce the public to contri- bute fruit pits and nut shells was in full swing when the armistice was signed. It is estimated that 4,OO0 tons of material was collected by this means.
 Among the masks designed and pro- duced were 377,881 horse masks which were easier of manufacture, as horse breathes always through his nose and is not liable to gas poisoning as man. Othar dofoncivo oouiproopt p,od,o.l in large amounts included dug-out blankets to seal the doors of under ground shelters from gas and oiled clothing, under clothing and gloves to protect from mustard oil There were shipped also 45,906 special signal horns to give warning of gas and more than 5O,000 fans to blow the vapor out of trenches and dugouts.
The Cordova daily times., 1919-05-26
AMERICAN GAS MASKS WERE
 BEST M AIDE

WASHINGTON May 26 (by Asso- ciated Press).-An official narrative of the part American industry played in providing munitions for the Amer ican army in the great war is unfolded in a book being prepared under the direction of Assistant Secretary Gro. well of the war department, who was director of munitions up to the close of hostilities, when he was specially assigned by the President to direct the demobilization of material.
 Advance pages of two sections Of the book, those dealing with the chem ical warfare material, offensive and defensive, and with the equipment for the signal corps were made available today. telling for the first time off cially and completely not only of the stupendous scope of the projects, but of the difficulties and delays encount- cred and of the patriotic support of the war program given by American business Bouefdlly.
 The chemical warfare section tells of the original work done by the ord nance department toward obtaining toxic gases and anti-gas devices for the use of American troops. Subse- auently this service became a separ- ate branch of the army under the di- rection of Major General w. l.. Sibert.
 Among other secrets disclosed is the basis of frequent statements that at the time of the signing of the armis- tice, the United States alone was pro- ducing gases for military use at rate ten times in excess of the best pro- duction Germany could obtain. The Germans produced with all their facili- ties about six tons of mustard gas per day, while the United States was pro- ducing more than 60 tons day and employing methods of production far more modern and efficient than any thing attained by the enemy.
 There were three plants at work on mustard gas, the Edgewood, Md, ar senal which was manufacturing 30 tons a day by November Il and had turned out I'll tons up to that day; the plant at Hastings, N. Y., which was to have a capacity of 50 tons a day and was ready to operate on Mo- vember il, and the 50-ton plant of the National Ainline and Chemical Com pany. at Buffalo, N. Y, which was 80 per cent complete.
 The chemical name of this com pound is dichlorethylsurplide and it's popular name of mustard gas comes from it's odor.
 Another element of the program was the production of tear gases, not deadly under ordinary circumstances but designed to produce blindness, thus forcing the troops under ordinary circumstances to use masks extensive ly, impairing their military efficiency. The foundation of these gases was bromine the main supply of which is obtained from subterranean solutions found chiefly in the vicinity of Mid land, Mich., where the government financed the sinking of IF brine wells under the direction of the Dow Chemi- cal Company, which were prepared to supply 650,O00 tons year.
 The other chief gases are the so- called killers" the gases so deadly as to bring death unless safeguards are provided, chlorine and chlorpicrin and phosgene. The only one of these
The Washington times., 1919-11-05

use about 80 per cent of the bitumi-
nous coal. and this means that on the
15o.o00,000 tons which they must have
to move their trains, the increase will
amount to about s300.00o.000. The
high rates on both the freights and
passenger trains at the present time
do not seem to meet the operating ex-
penses of the railroads, as the Rail.
road Administration has reported a
deficit. II they are to absorb an ad-
ditional charge OF $500, 200. 900, II
means another increase in freight
and passenger rates. with an increase
in the cost to the consumer OF every
article that is to be transported. To
The Washington times., 1919-11-05
WITH. TIMES MAN
IN THE COAL FIELD
CONTINUED from First Page.)

tContinued from Flrsl Hage.D
well until the meeting of the miners
union that night. The union refused
TO abide by the decision of the pit
committee
When the superintendent arrived
at the mine on Thursday morning, the
miners had failed to report for work.
IL was necessary to FIRE the hreboss
on the spot. but having begun a day
or rest the miners did not return to
work until the following day.
In another case, an eighteen-year-
old boy. who was working in the mine,
had a habit of hurting stones or Jumps
of coal at the miners. He was a
member OF the union. He was dis
charged at the request of the pit
committee.
The local union again failed to fol-
low the lead Of its committee II
was necessary to hire the boy back
In order to make the miners return
70 work.
Striking Miners Refused
To Pay Government Fine.
Last summer the scales on which
each car Of coal is weighed were
found to be out Of order. When this
was discovered the superintendent
arbitrarily added to each car Of coal
the amount the scales were shown to
have been wrong The miners be-
heved they had been given short
The Washington times., 1919-11-05

weights. They went on a strike Un-
der the strike penalty clause of the
agreement with the Fuel AdmiListra-
tion they were fined each 81 a day for
striking.
The pit committee served notice
that the men would not return to
Work until the fine had been refunded.
IL required all the machinery of the
Fuel Administration and the good Of
hces OF Philip Murray, president of
the district miners organization, to
get the men back in the mine.
l was told of a case where a miner
had tamped a hole filled with an ex-
plosive with bug dust.
Bug dust is highly explosive. The
law requires that clay. which is not
explosive, must be used.
When the superintendent saw the
miner violating the law he dis
charged him. The local union imme-
diately threatened to strike. Produc-
tion was halted until the man was
put back to work.
1 heard of numbers OF cases Of this
kind. They were cited by operators
to prove their contention that dis
cipline in the mines Is almost i'm
possible.
The miners, particularly the for
eign element, give little or no heed
to their local union" an operator told
me. "If they decide they want to
strike and rest day, they strike In
spite OF orders from their local or
district officials"
Here is what an operator dictated
to me as being the opinion operator.
hold of a soft coal miner:
when a coal miner reaches the
mouth of the pit in the morning he
throws a stone into the air. II ii re-
mains in the air. he goes to work; II
il comes down, he goes home"
No employers in the country did
more for employees than the operators
The Washington times., 1919-11-05

at their Cleveland convention, pre-
sented the demands of the mine work
ers to the committee representing the
| operators, with the statement that the
| mine workers committee had no au-
thority to modify these demands, but
were to prevent the demands as a
whole, and in the event of reflections
of these demands, were to call a ma
| tioa-wide strike to go into effect on
November /, 1919. Any counter-pro-
posals made by the operators would
/ have to be submitted to the conven-
| tion which met at Cleveland, and
which would have to be reconvened
| for the purpose of receiving this pro-
posal. After giving the\ demands Of
J the mine workers due consideration
the operators submitted the following
, reply:
! "A few comments on this situation
might be of interest. To grant the
demands of these miners means that
instead Of working forty-eight hours
a week from the time the men reach
| their working places until they leave
| them, they would work thirty hours
per week, counting from the time
they enter the mine until they leave
it, regardless of the length of time it
takes them to reach and return from
their working place, which would
average about five hours a week.
making a net working time of TWEEN
| ty-five hours a week. The 60 per cent
increase in wages, together with this
decreased hours, would add substan-
| TALLY 81 a ton to the cost.
"The wages of the men would be
So a day for day labor and $12 to
| S13 day for miners. This is q very
| Serious question to the public of the
United States. Everyone Is interest
| ed in the cost of coal, as everyone is
consumer of coal, either directly or
indirectly, and an increase in the cost
| of coal is bound to be reflected in the
cost of transportation, house rent,
and, in fact, every commodity the
public has to buy. 1t is almost too
large a question to be decided by
seem to be up to the public, there
fore, to decide the question as to
whether IL is willing to pay the In
| creased cost of 50 per ton at the
mines. which unquestionably means
more than an increase of 50 by the
time the coal reaches the consumer,
or as an alternative, IL prefers to be
subjected to the inconvenience and
even hardship of nationwide strike
at the beginning of the winter. The
public will unquestionably have to
|
lie to say whether they are willing
to do so in order that the men can
receive the rates of pay mentioned
and the reduction of hours demanded.
Matter Already. Placed
Before U. 9. Senate.
| This matter has already been
placed before the Senate by Senator
Frelinghuysen of New Jersey in his
| address, which is a distinct warning
of what will happen. The Senator
states in his speech in the Senate
! that "the action by the bituminous
workers of the United Mine Workers
of America should evoke an outburst
| of indignation on the part of an out
ragged public. This controversy ef-
fects and seriously effects every
household in the land. especially those
! homes of the humblest citizens who
| depend on coal for fuel Over one
hundred million of our citizens who
never owned a dollars worth of coal
stock. or who never even entered a
The Washington times., 1919-11-05

sion of the high wages already being
paid miners.
Miners Money Comes Easy
And Ii Goes Just As Essy.
They are too .extrayagant; no won
der their money goes quickly" he said
Look at these (he indicated his
shoes) do you think I would have been
willing to be seen in public with a
shabby pair Of shoes like this four
or hve years ago? When living is
high, i cut down expenses by buying
cheaper clothes-the miner does not.
MS money comes easy, it goes easy
Operators throughout the soft coal
region have prepared and submitted
to the operators association state
ments showing the average income OF
twenty miners in each mine who
worked stadily during the first nine
| months of this year.
L looked over some Of these state
| ments. The majority of the miners
| who had the large incomes were un-
naturalized. Here are some figures
copied from a statement:
An unnaturalized Poe earned
s245.56 month during the first nine
months of 1919. He pays no rent, he
buys no coal He boards at. the home
An Italian, naturalfzed. earned
s226.12 a month. Another naturalized
Italian in the same camp earned
s226.64 during this period.
The statement of another Italian,
not naturalized, showed he earned
s211 month. He paid s63 for rent
In the nine months and $3.50 for
coal
A Pole, with family OF four.
earned S217.27 -.'s'.
| A Pole with six in his family, had
an income of s225.2S from his labor.
An unmarried. unnaturaIized Italian,
earned S169.S2 for each of the first
nine months of this year. He is a
loader. The average income of load
ers throughout the district is s75 a
month.
The statement Of another italian,
showed he earned s161.5S a month.
He is twenty-six years of age, single
and unnaturalized.
Poles seem to be the hardest work
ers. Their earnings are greater, ac-
cording to the statements l read
than any other class of miners For
example on one list 1t was shown tn at
naturslized Pole earned s195.17 a
month; another earned S1S1.5S and q
third earned S1S9.59 a month.
In one Of the mining camps 1 Wis.,
tied / was told of a Pole who brought
S1,65O in Liberty bonds and War
Savings stamps to work with him.
He purchased them while at work in
another mine. He kept them hidden
in the mine where he worked 1t
| is common for miners to hide their
money and valuables in some dark
recess of the mine instead of deposit
| ing them in banks.
Text of Operators'
Reply to Men.
Mr.. Gardiner. of the Pittsburgh
| Coal Producers Association, but now
fuel administrator for that district.
due to restoration of the Fuel Admin
istration, furnished me with this
statement which contains the reply
of operators throughout the country
to the demands of the United Mine
Workers of America. The statement
Ifollows:
The delegates on behalf of the
United Mine Workers of America, in
accordance with the resolution passed
The Washington times., 1919-11-05

mining town are vitality concerned" !"
The Senator further stated, II do not
believe any man or set of men is en-
Titled to a wage that will mean the
placing of an intolerable burden on
the great mass of our population al
ready weighted down by taxes and
the cost of living
This country produced in 1918
nearly 100000, 900 tons of bituminous
coal ItNis estimated that the pro.
auction this year will run over 5oo,-
100000 tons, and an increased cost of
~ per ton means that $1,000, ,00o, 900
must be added to the nations fuel
BILL The railroads of this country
The Washington times., 1919-11-05
SUES MISLEADING SPIRIT.

NEW YORK. Nov 1.-THE Rev.
Fred Loehrs and Daniel Balsinger
are spirituaiists. Captain Kidds
spirit" told Balslnger of a buried
treasure in a lot ne owned. Loehrs
bought IL for $4,000, but didn't find
the treasure. He's suing.
The Washington times., 1919-11-05

the present high cost OF living wiz
have TO be added this billion dollars.
which the mine workers insist must
go into their pockets Can the pub
lie stand IL even IL they were willing
tor
The Washington times., 1919-11-05

did for the miners during the influenza
epidemic, an operator said.
Miners, as a rule, have large fami-
lies. When the flu struck the mining
districts we established hospitals and
furnished nurses without cost to the
miners and their families" l was told.
I'VE got serum for incubation, but
the miners refused in most cases to
use it,"
The success of the Liberty loan, Red
Cross, and War Saving Stamps cam
paign among the miners was due
largely to the efforts OF the operators,
it was claimed.
One operator told me that some or
us arbitrarily took money out OF the
ray of the miners for the Red Cross
and for bonds, and made them pur-
chase war savings stamps.
I'VE carried the bonds for them
until they were paid for; delivered
the coupons with them and charged
no interest. Many of the bonds are
not yet fully paid for"
When the Government called on
the operators to increase production,
results were not forthcoming until a
production board was created.
A production committee was formed
at each mine, this committee being
made up of three members named by
the operators and three by the miners
"Our greatest difficulty was in get
ting the men to work." an operator
said. "As soon as most of them got a
few dollars ahead. they would take a
vacation"