Republican farmer., 1919-08-01
Hughes Insists On Four
 Reservations TO Treaty
ESSENTIAL INTERESTS OF UNITED STATES IN DANGER OF SACRIFICE-CALLS ARTICLE
 SURE TROUBLE BREEnER."

Hughes, Republican candidate in the last Presidential election, has drawn up resolution which he offers for adoption by the United States Senate, consenting to inclusion of the League of Nations Covenant in the Peace Treaty. but suggesting four reserva- tions to prevent "sacrificing the essen tial interests of the United States"
 This became known today when cor re-pon1ence between Hughes and Senator Frederick Hale. Republican, of Maine, dealing with ratification of the treaty. was made public.
 While finding ambiguities in Art- cies I and XIV, dealing respectively with withdrawal from the league and questions of purely domestic nature. Hughes takes chief exception to Arti- cles XXI and x, which concern the Monroe Doctrine and the liability of the United States to provide armed forces to protest other members of the League.
 The descriptive phrase" employed In connection with the Monroe Doc Urine Ia said by Hughes to be 'Inac- curete." while Article x Is branded by him as a trouble brecder which if not eliminated. should be thoroughly interpreted. Any reservations" Hughes added. should be incorporated in the instrument of ratifica ton" to
  reservations are made should not lead to the assumption that the treaty would fail the Peace Conference would have to resume operations.
 Summarized his four reservations are:
 First, that on giving notice of its intention to withdraw from the league, a power shall cease to be member or subject to obligations of al SDaCihnd the notice, but that such withdrawal shall not release that power from debt or liability heretofore incurred.
 Second, that questions such as i'm migration or import duties. which are solely within domestic Jurisdic ton, shall not be submitted for con- siedration or action by the league.
 Third, that the United States shall not relinquish It's traditional attitude toward purely American questions. which shall not be subject to jurisdic- ton of the League, leaving this coun try free to oppose acquisition by any non-American country of territory in the Western Hemisphere.
 Fourth. that under Article x the United States shall assume no obliga- ton to undertake any military expedi- ton or employ Its armed forces on land or sea unless such action Is au- thorized by Congress.
 The resolution. suggested Is em- bodied in letter replying to one from Senator Hale requesting , Hughes opinion on the validity of i reservations to the proposed cove | nant and also asking him what reservations in your judgment should | be made to safeguard the interests of our country" In his letter Senator | Hale asserts he wants to see some | plan devised whereby the United 1 States may safely enter the League {, of Nations"
 In his reply, Hughes states there l is plain need for a League of Ma | tions." He added that there Is also l the immediate exigency to be consid- 1 ered'' and that 'It Is manifest that | every reasonable effort should be | made to establish peace as promptly | and to bring about a condition in which Europe can resume its normal | industrial activity.
 I see no reason why these objects | cannot be attained without sacrificing | the essential interests of the United States" he continues. There is middle ground between aloofness and injurious commitments"
 While resretting that "suitable" stops have not been taken to formu- late international legal principles and settlement of disputes by impartial | tribunals. Hughes declares there Is merit enough in the proposed plan to 1 make 1t desirable to secure 1t, If prop CT safeguards can be obtained" He adds that 'it is just as futile to exag- gerate its value as it is to see nothing but It's defects.' In his opinion the | proposed covenant should be viewed "as a mere beginning" but it is inn | portant that false start should not be made.
 The question as to the validity of ] reservations has two aspects. says Hughes: First. with respect to ac- ton on our part which is essential to making of reservations: and, second, | as to the effect of reservations upon other parties ts the treaty.
 "As to the first question. 1t is man. ifeat that attempted reservations will be intellectual unless they quickly the act of ratification" said Hughes. adding that such reservations must constitute part of the instrument of ratification.
 If the proposed reservations are reasonable. responsibility for defeat of the treaty would He with those who refuse the vote essential to the as sent. in the opinion of Hughes. who points out that. on the other hand, if the Senate gives it's assent to the treaty with reservations and President Wilson should refuse concurrence, re- sponsibility would lie with him.
 Pointing out that where a treaty Is made on the part of a number of na- tons. they may acquiesce in a partial ratification on the part of one or more, Hughes declares. ''statements to safeguard our interests which clarify ambigious clauses in the covenant can meet with no reasonable objection"
 Nor should we assume that a reservation would lead to the failure of the treaty or compel a resumption of the Peaco Conference, when the reservation leaves unimpaired the main provisions of the covenant and simply soeks to avoid any apparent assumption of obligation on our part to join in . war at some indefinite time In the future for cause the merits of which cannot now be fore ssen," says Hughes.
 Taking up the subtec. matter O. lis four reservations. he said that