Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1919-11-28

they occur, while the ledger shows
them classified according to the re-
spective accounts.
The records of cooperative con-
Germ must record a history of each
members property from the time of
delivery until payment is made. All
this material sould be so arranged
that the maximum volume of bust
ness can be cared for without con
fusion, and at the same time various
details should be easily accessible.
Many cooperative organizations
have adopted the system of pooling,
which necessitates prorating returns
on like grades of fruit and other pro
duce. Such records should be clear
as to the time of shipments, average
pl ices received, and awarded items.
The form of business organization
should be as simple as possible, but
the duties of each officer should be
should be held regularly after due
notice has been given, and the laws
require that complete records of the
meetings must be kept. In a wide
margin on the left-hand side of each
page of the minute book notices can
be made which in the future will
greatly aid in locating desired infOr-
nation All persons handling or
ganization funds should be bonded.
If this is an invariable practice, in
sistence on bond will not be con-
sidered as being prompted by any
personal consideration.
i False Economy Costly.
Many organizations are tempted
to practice false economy in regard
to expenditures for an up-to-date &C
counting system, competent help,
and labor-saving devices. The cost
of an adding machine or calculat-
ing machine may seem large, but it
may save its original cost in the
course Of year, providing the vol
ume of business is sufficient to make
its use economical. Columnar devel-
opment, loose-leaf systems, card sys-
TENS, and the use of carbon copies
have all lessened the routine of the
bookkeeper and made modern book
keeping possible and economical.
The ONCE, whether large or small,
should be provided with filing cabi-
NETS. equipped with guides for index
ing purposes and folders to hold the
correspondence. The alphabetical
filing system is the simplest. and
perhaps is the best suited for the
organization of average size. In nu-
merical fling, an alternate system
(which some prefer. number is as
signed to each person with whom
considerable correspondence is car
ried on. To locate any particular
number in the file an alphabetical
cross index is kept
Safeguarding the Cash.
A A regular system of safeguarding
the cash should be adopted and adj
hered to strictly. All. cash entries
should be explicit and items support
ling such entries should be filed SO
as to be easily accessible. No entries
should be recorded in the cash book
which do not relate to cash. II pos
sible. the full receipts of each dey
should be deposited in the bank. All
cancelled checks should be filed in
numerical order, and duplicate
checks should be covered by indem-
nifty bonds. The cash or check reg
lister and the bank pass book balance
SHOULD !be reconciled each month,
and a permanent record kept of this
agreement.
Checks, sales slips, receipts and
the like should be numbered with a
numbering machine, and any which
are spoiled in use should be marked
void or left in the book. A regular
system should be used for acknowl-
edging al leash sales or miscellane-
GUS cash items received. A syste-
matte record should be kept of all
petty cash payments.
An important item often neglected
in the accounting of marketing or
carnations is depreciation. The ex-
tent of depreciation should be esti-
mated as closely as possible and
credited to the Reserve for Depre-
citation" account at the time the
books are closed for the year This
will decrease the net profit by the
amount of depreciation, and set aside
amounts to replace the assets out of
the earnings.
One other essential in the proper
accounting of any marketing organ
ization. as we'll as in other business
efforts. is the auditing of the ac-
counts. Both external and internal
audits should be made at regular in
tervals. The latter may be conduct