davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20
The Flow of People Here as Inev-
table as Niagara
Falls

Tie hatdtbi ioesioH Tor 4 eaHai ,so6h actd-
aiS eohsltdttedl to sctYe az the odtiot fot
us hissses Or idt6pe ~ fis e2esss btodtlcs
81 lhaf 1884 t99tE5it
tbae. H8t 8Hiy &8a ihe tilg 81 WaHhiHRl8H
ieHilY i8eaIs1 Is bs YRS S8tHlf$a N8lillsai
eaplHl. ne lHdseA hy lhe lhsR HefHal Rhd
pf95peeilys dalNMil9n 81 ms rNHhla'a
pQRHlqtl9R, hHt the eity's f9Hndafa Nke%isf
th9Hghi i ideally loeaFed 70 bee9me the eqHR-
tFys commercial and MISUNDERSTANDING eenire
But why did the latter expeciatons fail and
the coveted prize fall into the lap Of 'Hite
old New York. During the last three dec
AIDES of our national existence the burg
at the mouth of the Hudson was outranked
In commercial importance by Philadelphia
and Boston. No one thought it destined
to become the national capital in every
spect except politically.
But no other location in the country.
and the site of no foreign hive of human In
dustry, is so advantageous for commerce as
the banks of New York harbor-i including
under this name all navigable waters of
the port of New York. On the whole, this
harbor is the nearest to and the most
accessible from the sea and the deepest
and has naturally this deep water nearest
the banks, thus affording the best natural
docking facilities and place for the con-
struction Of piers Of any port on the At
lantlc or Gulf Coasts, possessing good rail
connection with the counrys great cen
tres Of production particularly It's colos-
sal food reservoir practically co-eYiensiVe
with the upner half of the mississippi
Valley and the primal manufacturing sec
tion, confined almost entirely TO Masaa-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20
Washington
Expectations

The Federal government. which foundsd
Tho city Of Washington In tho Liant deeaas
OF The eighteenth century. expected and pro.
vided for that cty'n becoming tho commercial
~ well ss tho political capital Of tho unlted
5tates-a combination at that time al,nos,
The universal rule with Old World capitals
Even George Washington predicted that "tbo
Federal City" Gas The projected capital wns
known during his lIfetimc) would some dav
become great manufacturing centre OF over
a million population. The "father Of his
country was even one Of syndicate which
bought up large acreage surrounding Crcot
Faiis, just wcss Of tho City Of Washington.
the greatest waterpower east Of tho Anna
iachans, but in 1919 still undcvelopcd "rhe
Federal City" was carefully located not onIv
several miles from the greatest water power
IN the then settled area Of the country but
also ON tidewater navigable for the largest
ships OF those days. Third. IL WAR tbs
nearest Atlantic port 70 the Mipsissipp; VAL
ICY being only ITO miles by rail, to-day. from
Chicago. Lastly, IL was favbrcd With a river
valley, forming an air line In the direction
OF what Is now the centre Of the countrya
colossal food reservo,3 valley constituting
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20
Part the
Glaciers Played

Something like three quarters of
million years later, during the glacial age
the waters of the Great Lakes, then far
more extensive than to-day, poured into
the Atlantic, not through the st. Lawrence
Valley, but through what Is now the Mo-
hawk and Hudson valeys-the great "Hud
son RIVER canyon thus still further
carving and marking out this wonderful
natural water level" route through the
Appalachian Mountain system, so potent
to-day in the commerce of man. These
two cataclysms of nature gave the several
hundred square miles now covered bv the
port of New York the best harbor in tba
country, as we'll as the only direct "water
level route from the Atlantic Coast Of the
United States to the valleys of the Great
Lakes and the Mississippi River
But cheap coal is almost as necessary TO
the development of vast metropolis as
SURPRISING water transportation Here
again geology coquetted with "]ittle old
New york. Within hundred miles nat
ure stored away the best coal deposits Of
the world-Pennsylvania anthracite. Near
iy all other great cities OF the world have
to endure the smut of comparatively soft
O"S' A"ie"oiihoie, tHe lay or the country
is such that the black diamonds can ba
rolled into the city for the most part ON
down grade, thus more than cutting in
half the cost of haulage. OF all consid
cradle Atlantic ports, only PHILADELPHIA and
Baltimore are more favoraby situated in
'he matter of fuel-each with only slight
advantage.
Some of the harbors of Maine ara as
deep and an near the sea AS New York
harhor, and are naturally even easier OF
approach by modern levialhana Hut thew
are out or the race because comparatively
d'S'aht from the great oentros Of prodlIe-
Won The most ndyanlageouAly situated ~
inc Maine pofts, Portland, is l,l8l miea
ulHaht by the ehoftoat fni line from Chi.
eeso' the hub OF tho eountry'a food ,os,,,
Volf' M compared with only p0A miles IA,
new YORK. Further, the line to rorilan1
muse surmouh' n summit ios0 fcct (at
'oopcrvlllc, N. iD above son level. vhorona
tho New York Central Railroad ronto r,o,
Chicago to Now York s practicable All
water level, or even down rrado pos.
lands 1926 miles greater ncnrncss to tho
principal European ports, with which the
vast bulk Of our foreign commerce is chr
RED on, Ia Of ANAL value as an offset. be-
cause the tonmile cost of occan-borne
freight is only small fraction Of tho cost
by rail
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20

miles from the ocean, and that not west
ward from it, but northward by the
channel. Ships from Philadelphia bound
for the ports of Central Europe-the goal
of the vast bulk Of our shipping must
first proceed 100 miles out of their course
in order to reach the ocean.
Baltimore is our nearest active Atlantic
port to the great Mississippi valley food
reservoir, being liz miles nearer than New
York, 1t Is, further, Amerens most ad-
vantageouely located coal port. But ex-
eept for coal la summit Is the sans -
for Philadelphia or, by the most direct
route, ahaO feet fat Atnm0ut, en the
llalimofa Il Onto NailfoadI, That Ia, far
Tho hnIh at ils export freight, II has ~
far The hipheHt summit of any Atlantic
rnit The nYataua natural depth of Hulf
morals ship channel ia lNeulY-lwo feet,
compared 9th Nav Works. aisly. Az IN
accessibility from iha sau, II IS even vnrsa
ar lhan Philadelphia, shin hound north
east wafi to eenllal Europe having FIRST ia
pfoeead due south lnh miles
Natt 10 tho wonderful para IN tha Anna.
'hoiinn Mountain system. through which tbs
Hudson jabove and below West ronil and
Mohawk lnt lltle Fallsl rivers pass. which
made possible the only direct all water
via the Erie Canail and "water level" rail
routes from our Atlantic coast TO The in
tcrior-even canal transit, If given n fnr
deal, costing much less than that by rail
the greatest factor in making New York the
metropolis of the Western Continent (and
within decade, If not already, the mctrop-
oils of the word) is natures caprice in
thrustng southwark the two long pcninsuas
% of New Jersey or (2) Delmar-Eastcrn
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20

the natural depth of the water Is sufficient
to float steamship of average size But
along the stretch Of the Boston waterfront
now being most extensively developed the
natural depth is only six feet, even out
to quarter Of mile from shore There
FORE far more dredging has been neces-
aary in Boston llarbor which in the long
run adds considerably 10 Transportation
costs.
Boston IS lid miles farther from Chi
eaeo and It's summit by ita shortest route
lIonaae lunnel is lAa feet, Millions bad
Ia he expended IA lhe construction Of a
double lfua4 tunnel ioug ond three quarter
miles long all ~ pheh adds In trnNepof
tnilou eaalH li iue bulh of inHlnu'a
etraH freight peaaea aper The lIoalan IL
AlhunY branch nf The Aaw inii Central,
which summit nuuf iiephaiij Is 400 feat,
II tina freight had heen taken ia hew foris
instead of iiosion u would noi lava had
ia he lifted ia these heights
Philadelphia Is pineiYnne miles nearer
Chicago than ia Nav futk. hui all freight
must he hauled aver summit of el60
feat nenr iha horseshoe eutVai md
through tunnel Ia lbe Atlantic. Miss.
issppi watershed two thirds or milo long.
The grades Of the Pennsylvania Railroad
over The Alleghanes arr rs steep ma ninety
feet to the mile, - compared with the
practically Eradelpss route across Central
New York. The average natural depth of
Philadelphias ship channel is sufficient
for steamship Of only average draft. The
large transocean liners, which to-day are
regarded rs the most economical, could not
use Philadelphias harbor. But this citys
colossal handicap is that it lies just 100
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20


Shore in the face of all towns situated on
Delaware or Chesapeake bay, or their tribu-
tares, to the northward of Norfolk These
pennsuas have rendered impossible real
Atlantic port for stretch of 800 miles
southwark from New York
Furthermore, Now York happens to be
situated at the southern extremity of the
comparatively high rocky coast extending
over ,0o0 miles from the Gulf of ST, Law
renee southward almost mbroken and
eapeeially characterized hy comparatively
deep halbopa At The aouthern edge Of New
5000 miles Of low, Handg eoasl characterized
by pnfg shnllaY hafhars, naturally If
hepill llaoilieianl eyen f1i small Transatlantic
INnla.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20

Norfolk. Including tbs considerable ports
fleaelg across lie hay, is, from the stand
mint nr natural advantages. Nav Works.
mist formidable tigal Ia tie southwark Efs
capl for natural depth rIess than oneshaf
New foiA'=i. its hafbof Is fully equal But
Tho distance FROM Chicago IA forty seven
miles greater tho summit Is ZOOS feet Cat
Alleehanyi and the distance from the ports
Of Central Europe 2s5 miles greater The
worst Disadvantages, however, Is that 1T is
the only port thus far named except Wash
ington, now out of the race for maritime
honors which is entirely out of touch with
the great manufacturing section of the
nation, as well as its dcnsely populated areas
The transatlantic passenger traffic, which
boosts New York immensely as a freight
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20
Paris Traditions
Cornerstone

Paris, the most populous city on the
Eastern Continent itself, owes this primacy
entirely to having been for centuries the
capital Of France, which country had been
almost continuously for centuries, up to
the opening of the nineteenth century, the
leading nation of the world. French
fashions, French literature and French
thought In general dominated the world,
while the French language was practically
the universal tongue among the highly
cultured and the worlds leaders Up to
the downfall of Napoleon, Paris-and not
London-was the worlds capital.
But Paris is located on the narrow, tort
uous, shallow Seine River, averaging only
500 feet wide within the limits Of that
city. The river has been dredged so that
small seagoing vessels reach Paris,
but such commerce Is inconsiderable. The
city is 115 miles from the sea as the crow
flies, but by the serpentine channel more
than twice that distance.
Az early the Middle Ages the great
merchants of France made Paris their
headquarters because the court and the
arstocracy were there. 1t thus became
also the great manufacturing centre of
Europe for the smaller and finer wares.
mostly ornamental. For all these reasons
nearly 100000 people have elected, at the
present time, to spend their lives "in CAV
Par6e"
Tho same may be said OF Berlin, petro-
grad Vienna, Toxic and Peking-all cities
OF over 100000 population and disadvan-
tagsously situated for deep draft COM
merce' They all became populous centres
merely because they were the political
capitals OF their respective countries. Onlv
thfee political capitals OF tho world hav
ing over 100000 opuation-Constanti-
hopie' huenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro-
arc situated on tidewater sufficiently deem
"a be reached by steamship of average
size.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20
A Race in
Statistics

The following table summarizes some Of
the advantages and disadvantages Of New
York and its competing ports. Not only
distance and SUBMITS determine the cost
of through freight transit. but also the
general gradients and curvature of the
track. The comparative time of the fast
est direct passenger transit is fair index
of the relative cost efficiency of freight
transit. A water level" route is one
which, otherwise than across fiat prairies,
follows closely watercourse of few or
no falls or rapids and has no range of
hills or mountains to surmount
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20

so comical, caricaturistc to the ut
most"
"Why," he exclaimed, I've, the chill
dren Of the Far East, have Il keen nense
Of humor, Oh, yes, we can smile and
0lao laugh heartily, See those maabs7
We put them m our faces when we dance
funny dances, in order to make it still
funnicr. Oh, ycs. we can work, but wo
can also laugh.
eve take. however, for our Netsukds
also religious and various other subjects,
choosing the materials among ivory,
wood, shells, metals, minerals, etc.
"Oh, yes, we can work. The trouble
only is, that we Japanese do not know
how nice we can work until you people
of America or Europe point it out to US.
Those little Netsuk6s | hardly noticed at
home, only here, at the museum,
stopped to marvel ut their artistic per-
fcction."
Tho young japanese was pensive for
moment and then continued with a
touch of sadness: eve Japanese are
now bcset by madness to initiate
everything that is foreign
"Our cities, houses, clothes--even our
language-is being foreignized We are
losing ourselves instead Of developing
what we so we'll started"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20
Centre of Arr
And Science

New York having become, before lie Md.
die Of The nineteenth century, the limited
States port iaf more tAan ono half al al
shipa leaving Europe Ion a4l country, il be.
e4ma the nanl Of discriminating faf mars
linn three HHafefa 81 fha miiliaaa II fuf.
peana elH hHsa immlef4iai since lha dAIs
naHed iarauHe. fnr maAe Immigrants,
Amatiea suns 9naa nous glil iieu gafb
oHiHs "a iha eslenHfa fiia ana uaeaueii
aipefiiane ia luiape which lhe eig saf
in9ni ani baeaHse HHHH ailei= did aai pas
sass funds Ga eaffg itam farther ihah NsH
iafA. lpiea piafeliioa Of lie aaad At I'M
migrants maie ihis rafi iheif Residence thus
contributing 0n1nal - tho r4A's 7o000Ng
population IT, 1918
WIN lAe meie iaefease 10 population eaids
billions ~ aiailenal Weaiih hi Tho way ei
land values al Die f4rlof= nainad tfaashi
il about tint in lpiF 8a ref cent ef al he
miiianarez Of ihe United States resided in
New York City since that per cent Of ind.
vidual income taxpayers ON annual incomes
Of over $4,000 resided here, and Of The 10
paying taxes en- an income of Sl0oOtQ0 Of
more g. or more han one half resided in
New York city.
The wealthy happen 70 be almost e.
clusively the patrons of art and Science
American wealth being centred in New
York, this citys art, scientific and historical
museums naturally became the foremost On
the Western Continent The same is tru.
OF theatrical and operate ventures. The
same is true of religious educational and
philanthropic enterprises. For example, New
York possesses the largest and most costly
church edifce on the Western Continent and
from the standpoint of the number Of stu
dents and instructors and property owned
the greatest university in the world. The
worlds talest and vastest buildings the
largest hotels. the most colossal railway ter
minals, the most extensive subaqueous tun'
nes, the most lengthy, as we'll as most con-
gested, underground and elevated railways
the most stupendous bridges, the most laby'
rinthine retail stores and almost everything
that leads the world in its particular Inc
all are in little old New York
As it has thus come about that there Is
far moro to see and enjoy IN New io''
than in any other American city men WHO
have made their fortunes elsewhere gu
have reached the evening of life come %
New York with their families to spend ITO
rest of their days. They wish to be where
life IS fullest and richest For the sane
reason New York has become the mecca l''
tourists from every part Of the country
Many Of the nabobs from every Sec'oH
regularly every winter spend "a few WeeA'
in New York in order to profit by It's u
rivailed educational and social advantages
New York has thus added to its laurels 'n.
hotel premiership Of America, Il not q
the world.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20
Nh Ma YssAsts s.fsslatt1 thaas

4 III, Ns% Y6teets Ssteeiatiy thoss
" %h9 h8tbeH Is e. k9te 'totiets
~ -HFs e8h}iHesd thHt ttefS Sfisls
re- 8lhsF Ep8t Or s8FgA #hSfs. 4
maR &h8 "a 1T iehsE lH8defsleiy FHestssFt'
~ d9isF ehasne saA deFiye s8 lHHefi bF8lit
spd plsssHFe 9nt ~ ms aR W the RIFE ~
The W9Hth 81 tbs lGHds9n- A. hlne i4aYl1
boasted Of JeFpsaem 80 % fhey 81 Ns#
York; Beautiful for situation, the 10Y q
the whole earth, is New York; hpt while
every soul of them has often asked him
self, why is Ann p few have ever
thought to ask: "Why is New York; How
did it come to pass that the greatest ag-
gregation of human beings on the West
ern continent-if not in the worlds
gathered In latitude Az north and longi-
tude Tao west, at the mouth of the Hudson2
London, up to the world war-and per
haps stll-the most populous city of the
globe, owes that prominence primarily to
having been the capital of the British I'm
nire for centuries, and secondarily to its
being a seaport Subsequent to the over
throw, In 1915, Of Napoleons French En-
pire, the British Empire became the primal
nation of the world. In addition, the BRIT
ish have been by far the greatest mariners,
world merchants and manufacturers or
modern times, and prior to the opening or
the nineteenth century had established
regular lines of vessels from London to
every port Of the world of any Size AS a
CONSEQUENCE Of its being the centre Of the
worlds commerce and trade, London be
eame tfa banking centre also, aud, IN
eenss, the political eentre IN other words,
The waflds capital
While ienAan Is seapartq u IN only 90
aftiheisg, So 81 speak, The 1hsmes
R,uss Is, eastward up 10 tbs heaFt ~ Lon
dan, a. ihs famous old "iandon bridge"
hardly mars than whst New fafksfa
weHid esl efssk, averaging ang 900 fsat
vide within The city and at Law water only
sevsfal feat deepi To tbs seawafd at
niandaH iifidgs" the river has had ia is
dsadesd ie accommodate modern ships II
Ia, further. too narrow for piers ~ ha
huit out into the stream, Az al enormous
outlay great basins hava had 80 be esea=
Vated along the hanks Of the puhy sieef TO
provide for the moofhs Of the ships nut
notwithstanding ell this aftineaiity of
London es a seaport, that city held, up TO
the world war, the primacy among the
ports Of the world, because London ner-
chants had, before the advent Of the steam
ship, secured the lions share of the
worlds commerce
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20

The table nhows that though, ia Respect
to numbef Of miles. New York is further
than Philadelphia or baltimore from the
gfeat food feaefvor Of tho country food
constituting tho vast bulk Of our oxnotts
1T Ia nearer In respect to time and ease
of transit. The indication In also that tho
cost Of moving "A ton of freight By rail
from Chicago to New York even when
allowance is made for the slightly less cost
of locomotive fuel on the routes across
Pennsylvania or Maryland across New
York State is at most no more than to
Philadelphia or Baltimore by their direct
lines from the West and that freight dif-
fercntials established by the Interstate
Commerce Commission in favor of those
cities are grossly unfair to New York
For several decades the government At
Washington has been seeking to deccn-
tralize the nations export trade; that is,
to build up rival ports at the expense of
New York and to neutralize by feight
dlfferentals the natural foundation of Now
fork's greatness, namely, its possession OF
the ONLY DIRECT ALL WATER ROUTE
AND ONLY WATER-LEVEL RAIL ROUTE
from the Mississippi Valley and tho Great
Lakes to shis country's Atlantic scaboard
Several decades ago much moro than
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20

knob, ring or some kind Of togge, iden-
teal In primitive Japan.
Fortunately our natural instinct for
decoration grnspod tho opportunity for
art-eNprehelon. Notauko IN now an art
product that Is remarkably angular in
'ts character and qualities. Every piece
OF 1t Is like leaf of n tree. unlike the
You see2" ended tho young Japanese
with "A smile.
"Ihank you. Very interesting. indeed,
But why arc they all so grotcsouc?
Every one of those masks, poses, scenes
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20

ialf - tle saa4ss ofam ssns...
pa tlmafI Ne4 9ai8 ~ tstg -
tfan9f''aH hai deiHtsi d 4fis tst ~,
ana ih iais y e. a'aiHiHr frafs x a.
~ 20 ref GENT hete Il H0' fat ihess SIS
faFeaaa di'fefehials Ne@ Ysfe Ssa,
o.diiy fosse ne iit II iie 81,
fztait ~ 'ha - Nh''a1 'tiis esiiBa
fi'i r. ifi'i.'a sHiHFsss N.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20
Ocean
BreezeS

While New York would have become y.
metronols of the New World and soon y,
the entire world-as "A result Of rs le7s'
location for water Transportation, SOM
thing has been contributed hy iis e''me,a
lis nearby scenery and its situation drew,
on the oeenn II nature and man tsa ~
eanapifod to locate n hive Of human ihps'
tfy M ihe mouth or thr Hudson, leans
summer resort would have sprung up N'.
in the area now covered hy Tbs elN'
tho fourteen citiea of tic world of orb
GOO eco inhahilanta only one other NV
Janeitol ia situated directly on The o'''.
ON sultry summer afternoon lVV'pVV
Workers. cool Themselves oil IN tne s''i
within the city limits, while an addip'r".
100000 sit or walk b. the sea, where y.
temperature is always ten degrees wv ~.
than d milo or more inland The pa'''.
Of the scashore in summer generally wi =,
to only people of means-is open u "a
New Workers who possess from " !"
cents for the round trip.
Furthermore. in no other city OF o'e'
100000 population. excepting Rio again ~,
mountain climbing DO enjoyed JUST ", -.
the city line. Stroling along the Fa''' ',...
one might at some points almost p''
himself in the Alps. And it is all 'Fee'
cept for 10 to so cents for the rouho = =,
to get there. New York City's Alps c0"1 :,
tutc the largest public park in the W.. W.
extending almost TO the heart oil I'd
city, more than score of miles long 80
containing 2a,000 acres. ~.
beautiful for situation, thu coy
whole earth Is" New York
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20


Ne'sukda at the metropolitan Art
Museum,
stood 'hcro amazed by the grotcsquc
little figures in different humorous ntti.
tudcs, as the Young man was Offering
with smile his explanations.
What is n i&'etsuk6? 1t is something 70
wear on your belt, to suspend from your
bclt. Under Stand? You see, in times past
we had knights, like all nations had. The
knights wore fighting, hunting and con-
scquently hurt, wounded. For this reason
they uscf to carry small bottles of medj-
cine alcT'g. Pockets we're not popular at
that tlbIc. The belt around the waist was
the place to fasten to or to keen belong
lngs.. And so the little bags or bottles
were hanging on strings, with q knot on
IN upper part, in order to prevent slip
ping through. Primitive warriors and
hunters of Tibet, Africa or Java sus-
pended their swords, nints and other be-
= longlngs from the belt by means of n
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20
Boston
Drawbacks

boston Harbor is Likewise AZ accessible
from the sea as Is New York IIarbor. and
10 1zb miles nearer the principal European
ports. But the average natural depth Of
's ship channel is only twenty-five feet.
nv compared with New York's sixty. Tween
" fcet from the bnnks Of Manhattan Is1
ana the core Of the Port If Now York
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-20
BY Saul Raskin

YOUNG Japanese approached
me, while | was admiring the
marVellously carved little bits