davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1919-02-04
PASTOR GOES TO CONVENTION.

HARRINGTON, Del, Feb. 4-Ihe REV.
Warren Burr, pastor Of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, who was appointed
ny Governor Townsend as a delegate to
me Atlantic Congress for League OF
Nauons, left for New York Tuesday
SisnV Y 70 attend the meeting in New
A-' wednesday and Thursday.
Evening journal., 1919-02-04
FARM BUREAU MEETING.

Chairman Frank Yea,sley has calle0
a meeting OF the Farm Bureau, Hockes-
sin and vicinity. at the home of John
Brackin on Thursday night to lay
plans for buying feed, fertilizer and
seed in carload lots r. L. Baldwin will
be present to submit prices. John F
Davis also will be present to explain
farm record books.
Evening journal., 1919-02-04
LONDON WORKERS
THREATEN STRIKE
Nv the united Press.

BY the United Press.
LONDON, Feb. 4.-Every trades union
worker in the vicinity OF London will
go on strike Thursday. unless the
COVE nment enacts 40-hour week law,
It was announced today This decls-
ion was reached at a meeting of union
representatives late last night
TWO hundred cooks and walters
went on strike today at the Hotel
Carlton.
Evening journal., 1919-02-04

cause better results can be obtained in
every way. "The Eastern States has.
the goods" said the president, land co.
operation will bring the desired results
along other lines"
A rising vote of thanks was given the
management of the Playhouse for thf
use of the theatre. --.---
Evening journal., 1919-02-04
RruDIvG PERMITS.
Building Inspector Preston this morl

- Bullulng inspector fIcston tiis hhoih-
lns ,ssded the following permits:
TO ]. j. Kelley TO make alterations
az No. 1898 Market street to cost $500.
To John p. Reardon to make an ad-
dit on at No. i2i King stret to cost $3.50.
To Max Krlson to make repairs at No.
9O0. East Sixth street to cost $40.
To Whitfo-d and Hurff to make an ad-
dition at Heald and Peach streets, 10
cost $500.
Evening journal., 1919-02-04
COUNTY FINANCES.

County Treasurer C. II. Lippincott re-
ported the following bank balances to
the credit OF New Castle county, to
Levy Court today:
Evening journal., 1919-02-04

To do the most needed thing quickly
satisfactorily and at minimum expense.
use The WANT t.olrmns.-Adv
Evening journal., 1919-02-04

Pleased landlords ami satisfied ten,
Anfs arn iaez resui. sf Want nd di5io-
ge.egx-s.ev. --------..-.-
Evening journal., 1919-02-04

A grower in the audience remarked
that nothing was said about the
grower by Judge Covington. President
explained that If Judge
Covington were present he doubtless
would have discussed that phase Of the
situation. President Strssbsush an
nounced that a conference Of canners
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

tory Of the world. They have been
twin townsville one ecclesiastical,
for instance, and the other civil-and
there have been two distant poles of
one civilization-Antioch and Alex
andria, Rome and Byzantium. But
what you have not had is duality of
the metropolitan type in a compara-
lively narrow area, and the presence
between two rival nuclei Of human
energy of such tremendous contrasts
coupled with so numerous and often
hidden similarities.
Paris and London are only little
more than two hundred miles apart
and though the sea lies in between,
it is at it's narrowest passage not
twenty miles broad. And yet, even
when our European civilization was
more united than it is to-day, the
two towns were pivots upon which it
turned.
Perhaps the chief contrast be-
tween the two great cities is the
military one. Though there are
many others, most of them are ulti-
mately connected with the military
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Fall of Hapsburg Brings Freedom to Exiled ArchCule

crumbled to dust. His successor,
Charles, last ruler Of his line, was
compelled 10 seek refuge in that
same Switzerland which, seventeen
years ago, had opened her hospitable
gates to the outlawed Leopold Ferdi-
nand. The princes and princesses
Of Hapsburg blood are themselves
fugitives, banished for life from the
republics which have risen from the
wreckage of the Austro-Hungarian
monarchy, and whose safety would
be compromised by their presence
And now that no one bearing the
namo Of Hapsburg may live on Aus
trian soil, plain Herr Leopold Wolf
ling is free to enter and stay. Thus,
by a strange stroke of fate, the cata-
clysm that shook the world in its
foundations has served to redress the
balance of justice in the life of one
man.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

strengthened his rcbellious tcndcn-
cics.
His temperament was omphati-
cally that of the artist and epicurean
man of the world; had he been born
son Of the prosperous middle
class he might have become writer
or painter, and might have possibly
achieved distinction. AS it was, his
time and energy were spent in futile,
ceaselcss battles against rules and
conventions, against discipline and
superior officers-above all, against
the head of the family, the Emperor
Francis Joseph, q narrow-minded
and peevish old man whose fetch
was what he called the dynastic
interest.
Men of genius had no place in
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

Francis Joseph's scheme of things;
and, in accordance with his instruc-
tions, nothing was left undonc to
"break in" the family scapegrace,
the young Leopold Ferdinand.
He was transferred from one
regiment to another; the worst,
most tedious garrisons were picked
for him. He retaliatcd by deliber-
ately plunging into series of
scandals and by making no secret
of what he thought of his august
family and the Emperor himself.
For a time he was assigned to the
navy, where the captain of his ship
reported him to be ''incapable, dis
solute and lazy" He was put back
into the army, and the old game
recommended. 1t was, however.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

one when he was acting without or
against the advice of that body.
London is commercial in it's geog-
laphy, because it stands at the first
bridge across the main estuary
which enjoyed a strong tide, follow
ing on to the channel tide round
Kent. 1t drew to itself the COM
merce of the west also because it
felicitously stood at the border be-
tween the Teutonic and the Latin
systems of the Continent. There is,
of course, much more in the devel-
cpment of city than the material
causes, but they are worth noting.
The corresponding city in France
to London was Rouen, but Rouen
never became the centre. 1t was
Paris, high up, where the river was
narrow, that, at the convergence of
the inland waterways, the Disc and
the Marne, with the Seine, and fur
ther drawing traffic from the valley
of the Yonne, became the inland
capital Of the state There was also
something here symbolic, for Lon
don has always been half a sea
town, not only because it was port,
but because the salt water reached
it; the habit of the sea was to be
found in it's streets. To this day
you can wander about in the region
Of the Tower and between that hill
and Liverpool Street and find just
those little sailor shops which you
find in the small seaport towns in
the island, although the Pool is no
longer the heart of the commerce of
London, and all the main work Of
the shipping is now done far away
Another contrast between the two
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
T1cin Romance

The dramatic turn in the former
archduke's fortunes recalls the twin
romance which a decade and half
ago thrilled the newspaper readers
Of two continents. For Leopold Wolf
ling is the brother of the Countess
Montignoso, formerly Crown Prin-
cess Louise Of Saxony, who, in De-
cember, 1902, escaped, with her broth
er's aid, from her husbands court to
Geneva, was joined there by the
tutor Of her children, the young Bel
gian, Andre Giron, and who later be-
came the wife Of the Florentine pi-
anist Enrico Toseil.
Leopold Wolfling was born in
Salzburg on December 2, 1868, as
eldest son Of Ferdinand ", last of
the rcigning grand dukes Of Tuscany,
who had lost his throne and coun-
try in the struggle Of which united
Italy was born. Both Leopold Ferd-
nand and his sister, the Archduchess
Louise, born September 2, 1870,
we're, from their earliest age, re-
bellious, revolutionary children, to-
tally different from the other little
archdukes and archduchesses.
The two formed a solemn alliance.
pledging themselves to stand by cacH
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

other in their common struggle for
freedom-freedom, that is, to live
their own lives according to their
own ideas. They hated family re-
strictions and the strict Spanish eti-
quette Of the Vienna and Salzburg
courts; they reacted to the rigid
catholic atmosphere of their parents
house by becoming what was regard
ed in their circle as dangerous free
thinkers. They used to speak of
their home as an "inquisitorial
prison."
Military life, for which the young
Leopold Ferdinand, like his BROTH
crs and cousins, was destined, did not
break his spirit, as his fond parents
had expected; discipline and the mo-
notony of garrison routine merely
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
By Eugene S. Bagger

" HERE is one member of the
once mighty House of Haps-
burg, now thrown from it's
pinnacle Of power in defeat
and ignominy, to whom tho dynas-
tic catastrophe has brought the
realization Of his life's dream.
His name is-now-Herr Leopold
Wolfling; his occupation, retired !;
his address, Switzerland. Sounds
bourgeois enough, does it not? Yet
seventeen years ago he was His
Imperial Highness Archduke Leo
pold Ferdinand of Austria, Grand
Duke Of Tuscany, Royal Prince Of
Hungary and Bohemia, Knight Of
the Order of the Golden Fleece and
Colonel Of the Imperial and Royal
Army Of Austria-H Hungary.
For seventeen years he was an
exile from his native land. He had
committed that deadliest Of sins
with which -in-purple son Of
the proudest Of reigning families
may disgrace himself and his house
he tried to be q man, to think with
his own head and to act according
to the light Of his conscience. For
this the penalty was to be perpetual
banishment. He was forbidden ever
30 tread Austrian soil and to enter
his beloved city Of birth, the home
Of his childhood, Salzburg.
Then the war broke out the
former afchduke, from his Swiss
refuge, applied for permission to
join the Austro- o-Hungarian army as
a private soldier. The old Emperor,
who could never forgive him that
be had braved his will, denied the
request. 1t was said that the arcfl-
dukes mother, the Dowager Grand
Duchess of Tuscany, threw herself
on hsr knees before the Fmperor's
feet on two occasions, entreating
him for the supreme favor of let
ting her son die for his native land.
It vas Of no avail.
But now all has changed. The
old Empfror is dead and his empire
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

but very short radius Of action.
In both capitals you have the tcn-
dency OF the monarch's palace to 90
westward of the town. You have the
series first of the Louvre outside the
walls, then Versailles and ST. Ger
main, just as YOU have the series
first Of Whitehall, Westminster. then
of Hampton Court and lastly of
Windsor.
In both capitals you have the sur
vival and the disappearance of the
Roman roads upon which the origi-
nal Of each was based. But the
Roman roads hare survived better
in London than in Paris. Only one
Of the great Roman roads in Paris
is still quite intact; it is that from
the top of the University across to
the Northern Gate. called at differ
ent parts of its line the Rue ST Mar
tin and the Rue St jacques. But in
London you have great stretches Of
the Roman road from Strpatham
and the Old Kent Road, ali Oxford
Street, Holborn and the Bayswater
Road, and the Edgewarc Road and
the thoroughfarc through White
chapel to ESSEX. and I think por-
tions of the North Road as well.
Each capital has. of course, rs
great medieval abbey Wcstmn-
ster for London, St Germain dcs
Pres for Paris. But in all this
similarity there is one final differ
ence in continuity On the material
side it is due to the Groa' lire Of
London two hundred and fifty years
ago, but on the moral side it is due
to the difference in character be-
tween the two peoples
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

| Report reached the capital that he
was living openly with well
known Viennese girl, Wilhelmine
Adamovic, beautiful daughter of a
college professor. The Emperor
was furious and sent word to Leo
pold to give up his friend The
archduke replied by asking the
Emperor for permission to marry
the girl. The request was refused,
and shortly afterward Leopold
was dropped from the army list.
On December 10, 1902, Europe
was startled by the news of the
elopement Of the Crown Princess
Louise of Saxony, Leopold Ferdi-
nand's sister, from the court of her
husband. Under the pretext Of
visiting her father, the Grown
Princess had gone from Dresden to
Saizburg, and thence, accompanied
by her brother, she fed to Geneva.
Miss Adamovic was one of the
party, and they were soon after
ward Joined by the young Belgian,
Andre Giron, tutor of the Grown
Princesss children.
On December 20 it was an
nounced that the Archduke Leo
pold Ferdinand had renounced his
rank and his right to succession to
the Austro-Hungarian throne, in
consideration of an appanage of
100000 francs. He assumed the
name Leopold WolAing, went to
Zurich to live and acquired Swiss
citizenship. On July 25 of the
following year he and Miss Adam
ovic were quietly married.
After this little was heard about
Leopold Wolhing-all the more
about his sister, the Crown Princess
Louise. But that is another story.
After the lapse Of a few years.
however, it transpired that the
former archduke and his wife, for
whose sake he had renounced his
elevated position, were not happy
together. Divorce followed, and in
1907 Herr Wolf1ing married Luise
Ritter, pretty daughter of a pros
Porous citizen Of Patschkau, in
Silesia.
Leopold W0lAing was then for
gotten by the world. He lived in
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

during a trip around the world, on
which he accompanied the heir-pre-
sumptive, Archduke Francis Ferdi-
nand, that the turning point in
Leopold's life arrived. Following
an incident on board the ship, of
which more is told below, he and
the heir-presumptive became mortal
enemies, which, given his relations
to the old Emperor, meant for him
the shipwreck Of his military career.
Thenceforth an open breach with
the dynasty was merely a question
of time.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

London has been the great centre
it is from the beginning of its
recorded history. The very first time
we find it mentioned it appears as
specially frequented port. That is,
for nearly nineteen hundred years.
And Paris you may date, if you like,
as centre of Importance from the
reign Of Julian the Apostate; but
the two towns have been the capital
centres Of Western Europe, facing
each other at least since the Dark
Ages, since the Capetian family,
long before it attained to the mon
archy of the French, held Paris
against the pirates just after Alfred
had saved England from the same
peril up above Eddington, on the
chalk downs that overlook West
bury.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
" ants to Return

His story is revived by the an
nouncement that he, availng him.
self of the situation created by the
collapse of the old regime, intends
to return to Austria and settle in
Salzburg, his home town. The well
known Viennese writer, Felix Sal
ten, who has written much about
the House Of Hapsburg and has the
reputation of being acquainted with
certain intimate phases of ;he life
of the former Viennese court. on
tins occasion publishes in the Der
liner Tageblatt' sketch Of the
former archdukc's career. He says:
"A happy life was never his. either
at home when they called him the Arch
duke Leopold Ferdinand, or abroad as
Leopold Wolf1ing. For he has always
been seeker OF things. a ma.con-
tent. uprooted and driven by pas
sionate impulses; at the same time
too unconiirmed in the der of his
being to resign himself TO the ups ard
downs of fate, to recover his oqniqoiss
disturbed by violent wrongs.
AS an archduke he had bad luck.
for he was too clever. skeptical and
witty; he displayed much too high ~
tellectual standards and appeared 10
know too much about life Again. as
scholarly citizen of the middle class.
he was much too aloof and innocent
of the world. AS he had conceived
religious doubts very early and had
nothing but contempt for . v.A--bs-
lieve sanctity, he made nlmsC-, sEs-
pected already in the bigo;ed atmos-
phere OF his family Court gossip
branded him dangerous. sinful and
obstinate character
LAS an additional piece of had 'uck,
he happened to be detailed TO the herr
prcsumptive, Francis Ferdinand, as
travelling companion on the laiters
trip around the world. The hcir-pre-
sumptive, who was noted for his sad
'stic inclinations to which he usually
abandoned himself during hunts
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

aspect. In general, one may say that
London has never been an object of
war and Paris has never ceased to
be one.
have, in a little book on war
fare, and in scattered places up and
down other historical work, puzzled
myself and my readers with the
question of why London has thus
escaped war. ! do not think I have
found very satisfactory answer,
for the true answer is probably ex-
ceedingly complex. But the main
cause probably was its very great
size in comparison with the rest of
the population.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Sinailarities

But with these contrasts there 20
a number of similarities - things
in which Paris and London resemble
each other and in which the other
great towns of Europe are more in
contrast.
For instance, each city is the eco
nomic centre-the centre of "power
Of demand"-of it's country, and
neither is, to anything like the same
extent, productive centre. And
there goes with this character, of
course, the social character of each
being the centre Of residence not
only Of that which officially governs
the state, but Of that weather. class
which, for the moment at least, is a
directing power in the state. Each
city has imposed it's culture, espe-
cially through accent and form of
language, upon the state of which
it is the capital, though London,
oddly enough, did not impose it's
weights and measures upon the rest
Of England--it was rather Win
chester that did that-and although
the popular accent in each case has
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Immunity

London never has been besieged,
and since the Dark Ages it never
has been seriously attacked. But
when one says London escapes war
one does not mean that London
plays no military part. On the con-
trary, it is the weight of London
thrown into the scale which has de-
cided the fate of campaign after
campaign in the domestic history Of
England. If you look at the matter
closely you will find that It was
usually London which gave to the
Yorkist or Lancastrian section its
ephemeral supremacy. and it was
baking at London, as a horse may
balk at a hedge, that ruined Charles
l. He had the better army and
much the better generalship at the
moment, and, of almost equal i'm
portance in civil war, he undoubt-
edly had the mass Of the country
behind him in that early phase of
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
The Oddness

We are so familiar with this pres
ence in our civilization Of two chief
cities and yet really neighhoring
towns that we do not note the odd
ity of such a position. There has
been nothing else like it in the his
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
By Hilaire Belloc
IN "Land and Water

\E War great pagean-one Paris
ther in Iondon
a matter of and did not notice most
of think the peculiar position history
of these foc of
There anything like it until
resemblance and their
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

the struggle; but he had London, or,
at any rate, the wealth of London,
against him, and as he was approach
ing it from the west he checked his
advance, camped on the road out
side, parleyed and from that mo-
mcnt was lost.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Paris and Var

Paris, on the contrary, has had
the shock of war continuously for
fifteen hundred years, and it is a
sort of military stage on which the
armed past of French history is
fought out. At the very beginning
of the affair you have julius Caesar
riding into Paris to summon the
chiefs of the tribes. When the
Frankish auxiliaries began their
little civil war against other units of
the Roman army in the north it was
upon Paris they marched down the
valley Of the Disc. 1t was probably
in an attempt to reach Paris that
the faction Of the reigning house
the mobiles who still adhered to it
were destroyed by that other faction
which ultimately put into power the
house of the Ferreoli, those great
mobiles first established near Mar
bonne, later with possessions in
Flanders and Lorraine, whose great
est representative is Charlemagne.
Socially, there is the obvious con-
trast that London was commercial
and Paris governmental. Paris was
the creator Of the French monarchy,
and the French monarchy had Paris
for its stronghold The French king
lived in the heart Of the town and
exercised his justice on the same
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Emperor Furious.

In 1902 Leopold Ferdinand was
stationed at the fortress of Pre-
mysl, on the Galician frontier.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

Switzerland in utter retirement,
devoted to reading and writing He
was working on his memoirs, which,
however, he declined TO have pub
lished in his lifetime, It was sail.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

site as had the Roman governors-in
the same central island where justice
is administered to-day, partly under
the same roof. And from Paris it
was always that the kings were
buried at it's gate. First the palace
upon the island, then the Louvre on
the north bank, was the heart of
the city. 1t was not SO with London.
Not in Roman times, not in the Dark
Ages, and not fully under the medi-
@val monarchy, not entirely under
the Tudors or Stuarts, and since
then not at all until modern times.
During all these centuries the
position of London was a sort of
half independence, commercial
form of government, an organiza-
ton under its great merchants, "the
barons of London" as they called
themselves proudly enough in the
business of Magma Charta.
EUBtu!tU ave
London has always possessed, or
at any rate until quite modern times,
this great and powerful commercial
oligarchy, and you find this body
and its dependents over and over
again deciding the fate of England.
1t is London more than East Anglia
that ch hanged the fate Of England in
the seventeenth century and de-
stroyed the monarchy. 1t was Lon
don which finally decided the Reform
alton, and it was in large measure
the City of London which was the
basis of the resistance to Napoleon.
think it may be truly said that
Pitt did an unwise thing when he
was acting as the spokesman for
the City, and hardly ever did wise
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

towns is the fluctuation in size Lon
don has always been, or at any rate
for many centuries, the second great
city of the West. First, it was second
after Rome. Later, it was second
after Paris, but it outstripped Paris
because its growth was not inter
rupted nor so subject to fuctuation.
1T was always great town. 1t
never suffered from war, and when
modern industry came it's growth
was immediate and prosperous.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

HERE is one member of the
once mighty House of Haps-
burg, now thrown from it's
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-11-08

CoDyTEhi 1913 b lntsrnlti0lal Featurs Service. me
Great BrLain Rshls Rs.srrsa $1,000 D s. 1911 ofs
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1919-05-13

fast in the mud near the Macrae farm on
the Malletts Bay road Mr.. Kimball has
been notified and is expected to-day to
get his machine out Of the hole.
The machine was left unlocked about
1880 o'clock in front of the Majestic
and at $3.50 was found to be gone. The
case was reported to the police, who
made search of the city, but the thieves
had evidently time to make good get
away.
Saturday night machine was heard
to go along the Malletts Bay road by
several neigbbors of the Macraes. The
Macrae farm house is situated con-
siderable distance from the road and
they heard nothing of the machine, which
stopped in a big mud hole near the
bridge short distance beyond the farm.
The roads between the Macrae farm and
Winoosh are impossible because Of the
mud and it is evident the thieves were
not aware Of this.