davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1919-10-15
PLEASANT VALLEY.

Theo. Anderson and family auto
ed to Ridgeway last Sunday and
spent the day with Elmer Wepler
and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sidney. Ruth were
callers in this vicinity the first Of the
week.
Miss Julia Jossendahl visited
with home folks Saturday and Sun
day.
Sheriff Ellingson and w. Bucknell
were callers in this vicinity the first
of the week.
Marvin Ellingson is working for
Emil Rasmussen at present
Mrs. Albert Ellingson and daugh-
ter-in-law called on Mrs. Theo. Iver-
son at the hospital last Sunday.
Emil Rasmussen is busy these days
getting things ready for the auction
sale which will be held at his place
soon,
Gee. Bc-113 RS : ,rr~.~ os3 c@ll>r
thru this bu@~ la-t- thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Erickson
entertained Mr.. and Mrs Fred liver
son and Mr.. and Mrs. Stanton Erick-
son and baby last Sunday.
Miss Judith Narveson returned
home Wednesday after spending
some time in DEBORAH.
Theo. Iyerson called on relatives
near Highlandyille last Wednesday.
Sarah Vale returned home Tues
day after spending several weeks
Visiting at Brandt, S. d.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1919-10-15
CASTALIA.

Miss Julia Kobriger who has beer
working IN I,ayinund .thlS summed
is home for few dlya visit.
Earl Haefnet returned SUNDAY
from Washington. ID ;;
III. l.. Meyer MS new Nash car.
Miss Ruby Meycr spcn. sever a.
Days last week - he home of hei
brother Lester IN W;,lcoln.i
Mrs. Jas. KlIss and Mrs. I'd Gaas
of PostFille speat Friday AT the EGw
Mirsching home.
John and Chas Brandt of Fl.
Atkinson were bu5:ncas callers here
Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. iI. Hlefnec and
daughters Marie md Chloe visited
relatives in Gard Sunday,
john Eberling Of Cresco was a
business caller mere Saturday.
Rev. Fred Riggs Of CARRIER is ex.,
-spected here for visit with his moth
Ter Mrs. Mile Riggs.
Henry and Berraa Schweinefus
drove TO Prairie du Cl:en Monday
after their father who has recently
mad an operation ~ The hospital
there.
Mrs. Mary Malloy, Mr.. and Mrs.
Y. II. Burns and sons Thos. Henry
and James Malloy were guests a. the
ID. G. Malloy home Sunday
Mr.. and Mrs. James Faran and
family and Miss Amelia Meyer of
Elka6c.r spent Sunday at the Edw
wirsching home.
Miss Marion Peckham who at
tended school in Fayette spent sun
day at home. a
Mr.. and Mrs. S. A. Hunter will
leave Tuesday for Chico, Cal. where
they will spend the winter with their
daughter Mrs. John Wendell.
p. A. Clemmer and Miss Ruth
Patterson of Cresco attended the
basket social here Friday evening.
Mrs. Fred Baries entertained
thursday evening for her son Albert
Mrs. Fred O'Boy returned Friday
for a visit in Chicago and Dixon, Ill.
Il. e.. Malloy attended the Cere-
monial and dinner of the fourth
degree of the Knights OF Columbus
in Dubuque Sunday.
Mrs M A. Heinen and children OF
Waterloo visited at Roy McMartins
home last week. Mr.. A. G. Tatro ac-
companied them home.
A basket social was held at the
school house Friday evening. The
proceeds amounted TO about hfty
dollars which money will be spent
for a new talking machine Tor the
school house.
Mr.. and Mrs. Reuben Barnhart OF
McGregor spent Sunday at the
Smorstad home.
There will be no school Thursday
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1919-10-15
NOTICE OF APPOINTMENT.

Notice OF the appointment of an
executor of the estate of Sedsel Toll
Stad deceased.
Notice is hereby given, that the
subscriber has been duly appointed
executor of the estate of Sedsel Toll
stad late of DEBORAH Township. in
the county of Winneshiek, State of
Iowa, deceased, testate, and has
taken upon himself. that trust bv
giving bonds as the law directs. All
persons having demands upon the
estate of the said deceased are re-
quired to exhibit the same: and per-
sons indebted to said estate are call.
ed upon to make payment to
KNUT TOLSTAD, Executor.
Dated at DEBORAH, Iowa, October
IA, 1919.
WILLETT & NELSON, Attorneys.
42-4.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1919-10-15
COL. MARK N. DOOLITTLE
AuctiOneer
DEBORAH, IOWA

Office at Higgins Building, Mis-
sion Billiard Hall. Phone or write
at my expense.
Terms: Merchandise Sales S per
cent. Street Sales S.. Farm Sales
I per cent.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1919-10-15
KIDNEYS WEAKENING?
5se LOOK OUT!

Kidney troubles don't disappear OF
themselves. They grow slowly but
steadily, undermining. health with
tim to incurabie disease.
Stop your troubles while there II time.
Don't wait until little pains become big
aches. Don't trile With disease. To
vita GOLD MEDAL i Aasriem OH Cap.
sules nQW. Take three or four every
day unm you are sntireiy free from
pain,
This well-known preparation has been
one OF the national remedies OF Hoi-
land for centuries. In 1895 the govern-
ment OF the Netherlands granted q
special charter authorizing It's prspara-
lion and sale.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1919-10-15
FREEPORT.

Myrtle Mailman was a Postville
visitor last Friday.
r. H. Stewart was an over Sunday
visitor in Waterloo.
E. Bulmer returned last week
from Castlewood, s. ID. where he has
spent the summer.
Mr.. and Mrs Rae Runkle and
children of Centennial were guests
at the Jagerson home last Sunday
A number of friends and neigh
bors were delightfully."- entertained
at the Jagerson home last Sunday
The occasion being Roy's twenty.
first birthday.
Mrs. e. n. Logsdon visited her son
John and family at Rossville part
of last week.
John Stoskopf of DEBORAH was a
Sunday visitor with friends in this
vicinity.
Lester Pearson and wife of De-
corah spent Sunday with his parents
Mr.. and Mrs. j. Pearson.
Oscar and Nels Rosendahl of Glen
wood visited friends in this neigh
borhood last Sunday.
Cora Dickinson received news on
Thursday of the death Of her uncle
Wesley Dickinson at his home in
Adams, n. Y. Mr.. Dickinson died
very suddenly the cause of his death
being heart failure.
Mrs. F. Skinner of Clay Hill visit
ed her daughter Mrs. Ruby Miller
several days last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Francis Padden of
Frankville were Sunday visitors in
our village.
Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert Teslow OF
DEBORAH were visiting friends in this
vicinity last Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. T. Holton of Dc
corah were observed in our village
one day last week.
Mrs. Carrie Thompson of Elgin
Iowa, was Sunday guest at the
Otto Hattlestad home.
Mrs. Geo. Rock of Minneapolis
came Saturday for few days yisi
with friends here.
A number OF Indians were campef
at Trout Run last Saturday and Sun
day.
w. A. Leach and granddaughter
Margaret Mailman went to Siou'
Falls last Friday. Mr. Leach to visi
his sister, Mrs. w. Green and Miss
Margaret to enter the interstate
spelling contest as representative
from this county. Here's hoping Miss
Margaret wins high honors.
Walter Mailman and Chester De
laney went to Postville and spent
Sunday with Harold Mailman who
has been in the hospital there fol
the past two weeks.
Oliver Sheggrude of Frankvillt
spent Sunday with Freeport friends
A number of the young people
sprung a surprise on Clarence Krab!
at the w. ID. Gross home last Tues
day night the occasion being hi
twenty-first birthday. All report al
enjoyable time.
Mrs. Walter Hallman went Il
Postville this morning and brough
her son Harold home. He is getting
along nicely at present and hi
many friends hope that he will soor
he about again.
Roy Jagerson who is working neal
Frankville spent Sunday with hons
folks.
Mrs. Anna Kirkland is having {
furnace put in her house. Mr.. Dab
of DEBORAH is doing the work.
Mrs. Ruby Miller visited friends
On Clay Hill one day last week.
James Delaney is spending few
days with relatives on Clay Hill.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1919-10-15

The housewife Of Holland would al
most a. soon be without food as with
out her Real Dutch Drops" as shs
quantity calls GOLD MEDAL Harlan
Oil Capsules. They restore strength
and are responsible In q great measure
for the sturdy, robust health OF the
Do not delay. Go to your druggist ana
insist on his supplying you with COIN
MEDAL HARLEM OIL Capsules. TAKE
them as directed. and IL you are not
gladly refund your money. Look for
the name GOLD MEDAL on the Dor
and accept no other, In sealed boxes.
three sizes.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1919-10-15

and Friday on account Of teachers
institute at DEBORAH.
Mrs. Henry Floody entertained
the G. w. w. club Friday afternoon.
Mrs. w. B. Riggs will entertain
the Embroidery club Thursday after
noon.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. H. Meyer went to
Monona Saturday for visit at the
home OF Mr.. Meyers brother.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1919-10-15
Very Few Are.

"No man ever saw" said Uncle
Eben, "was quite as good hbs/own
se'f as he thought evybody elyG ought
10 be
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1919-10-15
Friday, Oct. 18th.
At Winneshiek Hotel
Hours 10 a. m. to 5 Q. m

Hours 10 a. m. to 5 p. m.
Mr.. Fisk made visits to DEBORAH
for over 26 years. Over 10000 citi-
zens OF N. e. Iowa are using his
glasses with absolute satisfaction.
You cannot consult anyone better
about your eyes.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1919-10-15
ACHES And PAINS \
/. QUICKLY RELIEVED
You'll find Sloan's Liniment
softens the severe n
rheumatic ache FL

Put Il on freely. Don't yxb II In.
Just let il penetrate naturally. What .
sense Of soothing relief soon followsl
; External aches. Stiffness soreness.
eramped muscles strained sinews.
back "ericks--those ailments can't
fight of the relieving qualities OF
Sloan's Liniment Clean, convenient,
economical Sc, zoe, $l.40
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-03-31

sides of the enclosure. This permit
ted the bringing in of the animals at
one corner to front the sale stand and
to make their exit at the opposite side
of the arena Bullion 4th and few
of his sons and daughters were first
paraded for admiration and the sale
was on, the pride and head of the
great herd going first under the ham
mer. There were seventy-three head
on offer, and the sale netted $66,230,
or an average of about 1891 per head.
The excitement became tense when
Bullion" stood alone in the ring and
the "crier' briefly sang his praises.
What am l offered, gentlemen" was
answered by a shout, $1,000, then
$4,000, then $1,000 inside of three sec
onds. The price then went to $500,
and next to $4,000, at which point the
auctioneer called on Warren Nc
Cray, owner of Perfection Fairfax,
to tell a little story with
moral in relation to the pur-
chase of good bulls and the effect of
getting the best, whatever the price.
At the conclusion of Mr.. McCray's re-
marks the bidding was resumed and
the price of $500 quickly reached.
Col Reppert was evidently anxious to
make it at least an even $4,000, but
after some argument" awarded Bull
lion 4th to w. A. Wilkey &C.,, of
Sullivan, Indiana. A bull costing
$2,025 as a two-year-old, and which.
after paying his way for five years,
sells at profit of $7,475 was assuredly
good investment.
1t is worth while to note that "Bul-
lion a." Number 70 in the catalog,
and not quite two years old, was
started at $1,000 and was knocked
down to William Hagemann, of Mount
Vernon, Ind, at $500. Though listed
away back in the catalog, he was
second to sell as we recall. Standard
Bullion" the third on offer, and a
two-year old, was bid in by the Roose-
welt Livestock association at Salt
Lake, Utah at $500. Bullion Fairfax"
was next to go and his new owner,
John KiDcaid, of Leesburg, Va, paid
1926 for this two-year-old. "Ion Re-
peater," aged II months, looked like
$1,000 TO E. w. Vandewater, of Orien,
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-03-31

The strain originated in a herd of
whitefaces in Canada, it's progenitors
appearing as a couple OF hornless
freaks" on the Mosson Boyd stock
farm in Ontario, a few years earlier.
The first American appearance of this
breed was made in the Hereford herd
of Warren Cannon of Iowa, who had
been induced by the Canadians to
give tho new blood a tryout The
Renner farm folks had been breeding
standard Herefords for some years
previous to the time they made the
purchase of two Polled male calves
from the Cannon herd in November,
1903.
1t was early recognized that a strain
or breed of Polled or hornless Here
fords, If true to type, would meet with
great popular favor, and it was this
fact that prompted Mr.. johnson to
send J +. Green, then superintendent
of the farm, to Iowa to investigate.
His visit resulted in the purchase of
Polled King and Polled Bell, two
promising bull calves, which We're the
first to go out from the Iowa herd
to any farmer or commercial breeder,
in the country. The Cannon farm,
however, has not been continuous"
in the breeding and development of
Polled cattle, and the Canadian "foun-
dalton" herd was dispersed at Chicago
in 1914. This explains why Mr.. John
sons herd was rated as the oldest
collection Of hornless Herefords in
the world. 1t will be we'll to state
that Polled King, one OF the calves
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-03-31
"BULLION FOURTH BRINGS IN $500
AT HEREFORD DISPERSION SALE

bought in 1908, weighed 2,400 pounds
when fully matured
Bullion Fourth Brings $500
At the dispersion sale Of the Mason
Boyd Canadian herd, at the cattle
show at Chicago in 1914, the most
promising young bull in the exhibit
was bought for the Renner farm. This
was Bullion. 4th,' which brought the
then record price Of $2,025, as a two
year-old. This same animal was sold
for $500 as a seven-year-old on Mar
%. The men who bought him not only
obtained a famous sire but also Sc
cured great, national advertisement
Looked at from these twin angles,
Bullion 4th' would look cheap at
twice the money. In such cases, you
know, the more fashionably high the
price paid the cheaper and better the
bargain. In this instance the glory
goes to w. A. Wilkey & Co., of Sui
Ivan, Indiana. who depleted their bank
balance $4,000 but carried off enough
Bullion" to doubtless more than re-
place the money in little time.
Col. Fred Reppert, of Decatur, Ind.
was the auctioneer who sold Bullion
4th to A. c. Clippinger, superintendent
OF the Renner farm, at the dispersion
sale in Chicago, in 1914. Col. Reppert
also sold Bullion 4th for the second
time, on March %, and sent him to
a new home in Indiana, as auctioneer
at the Johnson sale. B. O. Cannon,
the clerk Of the sale, is a son Of the
original American breeder of Polled
Herefords, and is now the secretary
of the Breeders Association, with
headquarters at Des Moines. Ia. Mr..
Cannon and Col. Reppert talked in
terestingly in reminiscent vein, be-
fore the opening of the sale.
The Trip to Hartford City
The writer was one of party Of
six to attend the sale from this vi
entity. The roads were in good con-
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-03-31
BY WILLIAM r. sANsoRN.

The dispersion sale Of Polled Here
ford cattle at the Renner stock farm,
near Hartford City, Ind, on March %,
was an impressive and historic oc-
casion. 1t marked the passing of the
Oldest and perhaps the most widely
known herd of it's class in the entire
world, and the friends of the strain
will regret that this Mecca OF Hereford
breeders is no longer going con-
Germ.
The Renner stock farm lies few
miles out of Hartford City, and con-
sists Of upward of 500 acres of we'll
kept land, lying almost as level as a
floor. 1t is doubtful if any amount
of money would have tempted the
owner, Benjamin Johnson of Rich
mond, to have scattered his herd
across the United States, but for the
weight of years. This farm has been
a possession of pride as well as a
source OF profit during the many
years it has been the Mecca to which
Hereford fanciers have travelled from
all parts Of this continent to see and
to buy. The buildings are commo-
dious but not overly ornate; they are
well fitted for the purposes designed;
substantial and comfortable, such as
any progressive stock grower or en-
terprising farmer can duplicate on
suitable scale. The numerous tenant
buildings on the place are real homes
in which natural gas and electricity
are among the conveniences. Visitors
to the Renner farm will remember
the fine horses which also once added
fame to this breeding plant, but horse
lore has no part in today's story.
PolIed Hereford History.
In stating that the Johnson herd of
Polled Herefords was said to be the
oldest in the world, we do not mean
that 1t was the first or Foundation"
herd of the hornless Whiteface line.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-03-31

In these strenuous, exacting times,
many men and women overwork theif
nerves. They do not take enough rest
They are not careful when and what
they eat. Soon they get nervous, ir-
ritable, suffer from aches and pains,
are tired all the time, have no ambi-
ton, lose strength and vigor and then
become sleepless, worn out, and sick.
Never take to drink and false stimu-
lants-they are temporary makeshifts.
But do act wisely, and begin the use
of Cadomene Tablets, which act as a
powerful tonic for digestion, nutrition,
and elimination. They help nature to
perform the functions of the organs
of the body and nature will in turn
restore strength, red blood and vigor.
Sold by druggists everywhere-and
guaranteed to be satisfactory in every
sense by the manufacturers.-Adv
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-03-31

Enough has been said to give the
reader an idea Of the character of
the stock and of the general run of
prices paid. The sale ran upwards of
$4,000 and the average on the sew
enty-three head sold was around 1881,
as previously noted. Men came long
distances to buy, as the Johnson herd
of Polled Herefords is known all over
America, and have representatives in
nearly all the states. This is also true
as to the original Standard (horned)
Herefords, for which this farm was
first noted. Among the heaviest buy
ers present were: w. A. Wilkey & Co.
Sullivan, Ind; f. A. Stimson, Hunt
ingburg, Ind; F. o. Hageman, Mt. Yer
non, Ind VIM. Hageman, Mt. Vernon,
Ind; Overton Harris, of harris, Mo-;
Warren T. McCray, Kenuand, Ind;
William Galloway. Waterloo. Iowa;
Ed. Slime & Son, Stronghurst, H.; II.
w. Vaughan, Stronghurst, ILL.,, and
Frank Beth of Joliet, Ill. These were
the most persistent bidders but at
that a lot Of stock got away from
them and is now in transit to several
states. The Roosevelt Livestock as
ISOLATION at Salt Lake City, for in
stance, paid $3.50 for Lou Consort
ana ler CdlI, anu plCheu up QuitS d
lot Of cattle for shipment to the City
of Saints. Alabama and Idaho also
secured some good ones and odd ami
mails were billed out of Hartford, or
rather from the station at Renner, on
Saturday, to several states.
And so passed the Johnson herd OF
Polled Herefords from the Indiana
landscape. They have found new
homes amid strange scenes, where the
individual members will be we'll cared
for and will add history to that already
recorded in Polled Hereford Herd
Book annals in America.
The Renner sale on Friday was a
notable event, as the closing chapter
of great livestock story. 1t was
followed on Saturday, goth, by the
First Annual sale of the same class
of cattle by J. E. Green, at Muncie,
Ind. Mr.. Green, who as superintend-
ent at Renner, helped in the establish
ment of the herd now dispersed went
into breeding the same strain, for
himself, a number Of years ago, since
which time the Johnson herd has been
in the care and keeping OF A. c. Clip
pinger, the present superintendent,
who also plans to locate On his own
land at an early date.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-03-31

Iowa, and to this Col Reppert as
scented.
Lots 1. and in the sales catalog,
were "aged" cows, long past the years
of skittishness; they were in fact IA
years old, each dating back to 1905
These sold at $475, at $3.50 and at $500
respectively. Pooled Stately Gar
field, which sold at $780, had tiny
calf at side. tPhillipa Giantess",
which went at $500, had not long since
witnessed the sale of one of her
calves, only Is days old at that. for
just that much money. Pooled Miss
Roy, dating from October, 1906, and
with calf at side, brought $3.50.
Though first to be listed, these COWS
were among the last to be sold. AS
matter of fact the first fifty-odd head
! to show were started at $500 or better.
"Consort 2nd', was sold at $675, after
the auctioneer had announced the sale
of one Of her calves at $4,000 at an
other sale some time ago. This COW
was modest young ten-year-old.
"Consort Giantess,, calved in 1908,
had a promising calf at side and the
twain are now the property of F. A.
Stimson of Huntingburg, Ind, at a cost
of 1925. But Pretty Pansy" and her
offspring cost Mr.. Stimson a whole
lot more money, for instance $4,000,
if you please. She will be five years
old in May. According to our memo,
taken at the ringside, Pretty Pansy
topped the COW offering, and the next
in price altitude, $1,000 being the fig
ure paid for "Renner Princess, a
three-year-old, by H. w. Vaughan Of
Stronghurst, Ill.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-03-31

dition all the way and Friday morn
ing dawned clear and cool. Harry
Fornshell, who has been identified
with the Johnson tie and lumber in
terests in Richmond for the last
twenty-siX years, was host to the
party, and we got out of Richmond
at s o'clock in his big Hudson Super
Six, via the Middleboro pike. Our
first stop was at the home of Abijah
Pyle to pick that gentleman up, our
next at Mr. Fornshell's farm near
Whitewater, where Charlie kirkman
climbed aboard. Edward Clark, of
New Paris, and w. E. Hinshaw of
Richmond, completed the load headed
for the sale. the first four starting
from the Fornshell residence. From
Whitewater we headed saleward
through Fountain City, Lynn, Winches-
ter, Red Key, Dunkirk and Hartford
City. 1t was most enjoyable journey
and day, and the record was 144 miles
for the round trip.
Sale Begins at Noon.
generous lunch preceded the sale,
which began at noon, or to say at
hour was devoted to "speechifying'
as to the history of the breed. The
ladies of one of the Hartford City
churches had been assigned ample
room on the second floor of a barn
wing and served lunch "a la carte, or
regular dinner, as you wished, and
were literally patronized from 1880
on.
The sale took place in large tent
and the seats in tiers occupied three
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-03-31
Telegraph Rate Increase
Goes into Effect April l

WASHINGTON, March 31.-In-
crease of 20 per cent in domestic tele-
graph rates, effective April l. has
been announced by Postmaster Gen.
eral Burleson. The increase was
agreed upon at meeting of the fed
eral wire board and was made neces-
sary, Mr.. Burleson's announcement
said, to meet the increased cost of
operation" occasioned by wage in
creases now in effect, made during
the last year. Mr.. Burleson added
that the advance would be barely
sufficient" for this purpose.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1919-03-31
Local Recruiter Advised
OF Need for Ouerseas Men

The portals for army recruiting
were thrown wide open Monday when
the Indianapolis office, through Major
Recruiter Thomas F. Ryan, announced
to Sergeant Wright of the Richmond
recruiting office, SGT Main street, that
the central office has received tele-
gram from the war department au-
thorizing the enlistment Of $4,000 men
for overseas duty in France and In
Italy.
Men cnlisting in several branches
of service are guaranteed overseas
service These men will replace the
men that are at present doing ser
vice in foreign countries until the
treaty of peace is signed.