davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16
WHAT THE POOR DON'T EAT.

Many housewife, appalled, at the
inroads made even on a comfortable
income by the cost Of foodstuffs, has
remarked, 'I wonder how those who
are really poor manage to get along
and what they live on? ?"
An investigation. made in New
York, said to represent a fairly typi-
cal crosslsection of the city. furnishes
an Illuminating, though negative. an.
swer to the question. The investiga-
tors have reported on the kind OF
food eaten by a little more than 1000
families, half of whom have incomes
of less than 5000 year and three
fourths of whom have less than ST.
200.
It was found that S07 families. or
more than one-third OF all, did not
eat any meat whatever.
In SS2 families. Or about 40 pei
cent, there were no eggs eaten.
There were els families that used
no butter and 143 that used no sugar
In one family out of every seven
there was no milk.
The results on the health of the
working members of the families and
on the development of the children
may readily be imagined Most au-
thorities agree that some meat is es-
sential for the normal growth o: q
child. and still more essential are
milk eggs and butter.
This limited diet is serious enough
in the summer. and still more serious
in the winter, or in time of sickness
The director of the New York health
| bureau believes that the ravagps o1
! influenza would have been far les:
severe if SO many thousands of peo
pie had not had to deny thenselve:
the kind Of food they needed.
1t is a bad outlook for next winter
unless the authorities now concentrat
ing on the food problem can do some
thing to remedy the situation.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16
IF TEACHERS ORGANIZE.

Dean James Russell Of Teachers
college. Columbia University, believes
that the day has come when public
school tetachers should organize. and
that in such organization may be
much benefit to the teachers them
aelves and to the public.
The establishment Of high profes-
siona1 standards, of an ethical code, is
to be desired. he thinks, but he says
also:
IAN organization Of teachers, ma
tion-wide and properly authoritative,
must be founded on principles that
will be universally recognized as valid,
and its conduct must be above re-
proach. No selfish motive can be al
lowed to interfere with the realiza-
ton of it's ideals.
1.-THE individual teacher will find in
spiration and renewed courage in the
consciousness of marching shoulder to
shoulder with his fellows in a mighty
army recruited to fight the battles OF
civilization and democracy
Dean Russell suggests set of prin.
ciples which such an organization
might fairly adopt. Every member
should be 100 per cent. American
There should be no discrimination
against any sex, grade or school
There should be equal pay for equa
work and a living wage always. The
teacher should teach his pupils the
fundamental facts of American life
and help them to make wise choice il
their affiliations, but he must no
proselyte, or conduct propaganda foi
amy cause on which citizens are di
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16

Replying to a statement made by
Mr. Gompers to the effect that prohi-
bition would cause serious unrest and
discomfort among the laboring class,
the Minneapolis Morning Tribune in a
recent issue said: eve are not trou-
bled by Mr.. Gompers apprehension as
to discomfort. Discomfort of dan
gerous kind is not likely to persist
among men uninduenced by intoxi-
eating liquors and aided by its mac
cessibility to accumulate savings and
at the same time provide more COM
forts for themselves and their fami-
lies. Sobriety and thrift do not breed
discontentment of the wrong kind"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16
THE REST PERIOD.

The National Industrial Conference
Board reports that rest periods are
really more restful than most people
suppose. They say, reducing the
number of hours worked per day does
not appear so efficacious in avoiding
the diminution of working capacity as
introducing a ten or fifteen minute
pause during the middle of the fore
noon."
Of course this is true within limits.
Brief rest periods could not overcome
the ill effects of intense effort put
forth over an unduly prolonged Pc
riod. Nor could fifteen-minute rest
period in the forenoon completely
compensate for working through an
abnormally long day.
On the whole, however it is true
that a brief rest taken in time gives
just the necessary strength to relieve
the strain of the working DAY. This is
particularly true of monotonous pro-
cesses. Whether the rest period is
used simply for a few minutes OF
quiet thought, or whether it is spent
in exercise, in chatting with fellow
workers, in eating a light lunch of a
sandwich, a glass of milk or a piece of
milk chocolate, it has its effect in re-
Taxing the strain on muscles or eyes.
It sends the worker back to his task
remarkably refreshed and enables him
to finish the day wholesomely tired in
sthead of wholly exhausted.
This is fact which some wise
housekeepers have discovered for
themselves and which teachers have
used effectively in two or three min :.
ute relaxation in the school roonl
Brain workers need it as we'll as phys
ical laborers. Employees need not
fear the introduction of the rest pc
riod, for it is not intended as sub
stitute for a working day of sane
length. Employers in general wall
find it not an upsefter of routine. but
an actual increaser Of outpur.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16
HUNTING FOR
A SCAPEGOAT

Note:-The following article was
written by VIM. C.. Edgar, editor of
The Northwestern Miller, and appear
ed in its issue of August 6, 1919. 1t
is a fair and truthful statement Of the
reasons why flour costs the consumer
its present price. and as such is com
mended to the fair-minded editors of
the United States in the hope that
they will make the facts herein known
to their readers.
The Northwestern Miller.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16
Flour and men who make

Flour and men who make it are
now under fire. Fortunately. they are
abundantIy able to prove alibi With
some seven thousand mills in fierce
competition. there are no trusts com
binations Or gentlemen'S agreements
in this trade. and there is no power
on earth strong enough to compel
a man 20 sell his product at less than
it costs him 10 make it. Give the
millers cheap wheat and they will
produce cheap flour; that is all there
is to it.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16

vlaed. and he must have decent re-
spect for the opinions ofsothers.
To an organization founded on Such
principles no one could have any OBJ
iection. It would work to the advant-
age of teachers, pupils and public.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16

The price of -four with wheat at two
dollars and twenty-six cents a bushel
could easily have been figured out by
any school boy who had mastered the
multiplication table, when the wheat
guaranty bill was passed. Assuredly
any Washington official who cared to
take his pencil in hand might have
accomplished the same task.
It was no mystery, yet, after pass
ing the bill, fixing the price and pro-
viding by another act for administer
Ting its provisions, Washington authori-
ties suddenly awake to the fact that
the price of a barrel Of flour is mon
strously high and propose to make
somebody suffer for it.
Salaried men not belonging to unions
and unable to strike for increased
wages, professors, clergymen and
clerks, men and women Of fixed and
limited incomes, all such real:-~d what
would be the price Of flour. but when
the wheat guaranty bill was being con-
sidered they were ignored; the farmer
must be encouraged to raise a great
crop of wheat, and money was the
only inducement that would reach
him.
When the representatives of power
full railway unions protested against
the high cost of living and demanded
that, having themselves received the
maimum pay they could expect. it
should be lowered it was an entirely
different matter. Something must be
done about it Immediately and there
fore Washington is aroused and ready
to take drastic action.
The first thing 70 do is to find a
scapegoat, and flour. being pre-emi-
nent among the daily needs. although
infiniteSimal in the sum of the indi-
vidua1's annual expenditure, one bar
rel sufficing to supply him for an en-
represents the magnificent outlay Of
less than four cents day, is selected
for the sacrifice.
The farmer, who receives two dol
lars and twenty-six cents for a bushel
Of wheat, is. Of course, ignored. No
one in Washington would dare accuse
him Of profiteering, but the miller and
the banker are not exempt, and upon
them must fall the brunt of the first
savage onslaught.
Here are the figures based on Min
neapolis:
$2.26 cost Of bushel of wheat
a 1-2 number Of bushels to bar
--- rel Of flour
s1137 iFWl asI AW
LIS deduction for feed produc-
- ed from wheat at s2.26 q
bushel
9.62 cost of barrel Of flour at
mill in bulk
so cost of package
! SO freight to New York
rs jobbers margin for hand
ling
1.25 retailers charge for selling
-- and delivery
1921 cost to consumer.
In the face Of this it is proposed
that the government buy flour from
| millers at eight dollars a barrel
which, it is alleged. will give them "a
fair profit" deduct two dollars anc
sell it to the consumer at SIX dollars
a, barrel.
Another brilliant proposal is that
the government buy wheat from the
! farmer at 1926 a bushel. stand a loss
on it of 81 bushcl. and sell it to the
miller at S1.26. Assuming that II
would take 600.0oO,OO0 bushels OF
wheat to supply the people Of the
United States with flour for a year
this would mean Il loss to the gov
ernment Of 100000. 900, and would
result in flour to the consumer on the
following basis:
s1.26 cost of bushel Of wheat
41-2 number Of bushels to a bar
rel Of -four
s5.67 cost Of wheat in barrel of
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16

London, Aug. 1.-THE British press
generally approves Viscount Grey's
acceptance of the post as temporary
ambassador to the United States.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16
manufacturing and selling

Even at this, representing an cnor-
NOUS loss to the government, hour
would still be some distance from SIN
dollars a barrel and the dear ola
much ch-to-be-desired- politically hve-
cent loaf Of bread
The cost of living is no chimera, II
is a real thing, and cannot be over
come by the pursuit Of chimeras. ii
is the legitimate result Of the war, and
imitation. Congress cannot reduce II
by legislation, and higher wages VIII
only increase it. Government own
ership. meaning higher taxation. wllI
certainly not reduce it. 1t can only
be overcome by thrift. individual econ
orny. judicious expenditure for things
actually needed, and lessened taxa
ton.
Finding a, scapegoat may be an
amusing and diverting experience, but
it will avail nothing. Bricks cannot
be made without straw. and m1ilers
cannot make cheap -four out of dear
wheat. nor can bakers produce cheap
bread from expensive flour mace
from high-priced wheat, by hlGh-
priced labor, using ingredients that
have doubled and ble'' in value
since 1914.
It cannot be done. Government may
seize and operate all the elevators
mills. bakeries and retail stores in the
United States, substitute politicians
for business men, and professors ano
theorists for practical operators, ano
still. with wheat at s2.26 a bushei. II
cannot be done 1t is a human lmpos
sibility. Only a miracle can accom-
p1ish it, and Congress lacks the o'-
yinity that makes miracles posslole:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16
FOR CONGRESS

hereby announce myself a candi.
date for Congress to succeed A. F
Lever. resigned; and I pledge myself
to abide the result OF the Democratic
primary.
GEORGE BELL ZIMMERMAN.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16
NEW YORK COTTON MARKET.

Cologne Aug. IA munition dump
exploded here today killing fourteen
workers, and injurinS many.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16

MILK cows FOR sALE-Having'
sold my farm, I am offering my en-
tire herd of dairy cows for sale,
either as a herd or as individuals.
This is an unusual opportunity to
get high grade, big producing COWS,
that have been proven satisfactory
in every particular. Also dairy
equipment for sale. c. P. Osteen,s
Sumter, S. c..
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-08-16
Cotton Market
LOCAL.

P. G. BOWMAN, Cotton Buyer.
Corrected Daily at II o'clock Noon).
Good Middling 81 1-2.
Strict Middling 81.
Middling 80 IL.
Strict Low Middling % IL.
The Denver Jewish news., 1919-04-23
JACOB DeHAAS. ZIONIST SPOKES-
MAN AT PARIS, IS CONFIDENT.
Peace Conference will Recognize
Jewish Palestine.

New Confidence that the
Peace Conference will recognize the
historic claims of the Jewish People
to Palestine and enable the Zionist
movement to initiate the series of
steps necessary for the ultimate estab-
lishment of Jewish Commonwealth,
vas expressed by Mr.. Jacob deHaas.
Executive Secretary of the Zionist Or
ganization of America. VINO returned
from Europe OH the Mauretania on
April 9TH. Mr.. DeHaas was one Of
The Zionist spOkesmen invited to ap-
pear before the Peace Conference al
Paris. Sailing with him on the Manr-
ctania were n group OF delegates to
The Inter-Allicd Zionist Conference in
London including Bernard \. isosen-
l.latt and Mrs. Joseph Fcis of this
city.
The Denver Jewish news., 1919-04-23
OSTROvER CONGREGATION tt
BUILD NEW HOME.
Will Move to More Desirable Loca.
tiOn and Build Modern Structure.

Congregation Beth Jacob, tOstrOver)
has decided to build new home. The
present synagOg is situated ut Clay
and w. Colfax. but the members are
DESTROYS of having different loca-
tiGn and a more modern structure.
Plans for the new building are al
ready being drawn. and 1t is hoped
that actual construction will soon he
under way altho no building site has
as vet been selected.
Congregation Beth Jacob is one of
the synagogs under Rabbi A. Braude's
Ininistration, another of which is
housed, in the fine Talmud Torah
building at 18th Ave and Federal
Boulevard.
Funds are being raised for the new
building.
The following donations have nj
ready been received. Mr.. and Mrs.
Morris Steinberg donated two lots on
Irving St, between W. 14th Ave and
w. COlfax Ave. The proceeds of which
The Denver Jewish news., 1919-04-23

to look after the comfort of the
wounded and every man is made to
feel the spiritual brotherhood of the
Jewish Welfare Board.
Supplementing the camp work are
one hundred and sixty-five community
branches of the Jewish Welfare Board.
thru which men mnd women in every
large city in the country have been
ringing their fullest resources for
the comfort of the man in uniform.
and which are now taxed to the full
est extent of their resources by the
returning soldier.
Cantcens and community houses
provide food. lodging. entertainment
and wholesome companionship to the
soldier or sailor on town-leave. Com
munity branches are actively aiding
the soldier in his problem of re-
employment for it is imperative that
each mnu who left his job to answer
the call to the colors, finds the same
Job or a better one waiting for him
when lie returns. The Jewish Welfare
Eoard is cooperating with the Federal
Bureau of Employment in this. Each
Continued on Page 81
The Denver Jewish news., 1919-04-23

will be used for the benefit of the
new building:
Barnett Klar, $1,000: Hiene Cohen.
$1,000; lizzie Pastanick. $1,000; lizzie
Olesh. sS125.OQ; Z. Vidal. $4,000
Sam Snyder. $15O.OO: Harry ldelberg,
$1,000; Norris widzal. 10000; +.
Hrown, $4,000; Sam 1iIWpm, $4,000
Sam Greenstein. S1OO.OO: Jacob Zerob-
nick. $5OO.OO; Joe Wagner. $1OO.0 ;
Dave Wagner, $4,000; Joe Stein,
$4,000: Frank Shidler, 100000; Mr..
and Mrs B.. Chawick. S1tDOO; \.
ZerObnick. 100000; Ben Roseman.
$1,000; l. Hamlet, 500; Usher
Shperling, $25.OO; /. Suson. $1OO.@ I;
$. Shutterman. $4,000; sam Zerob
nick. 5000; Harry Stark, $55.O0; NJ
Zerobnick, 5000; NJ Cohen. $4,000
Max Goldberg. 5000; Max Lederman.
$4,000; Jacob Gutterman, 5000; Sam
Skoth. $1,000; Heine Wagner. 800. ;
Sam Idelberg. 10000; Nathan ldel-
berg $4,000; Sam Weintraub.
$1,000; II. Rice. 5000; Max
Cohen. 5000; NJ. Katz. $4,000
s. Cohen, 5000; J. Cohen, $4,000 ;
lizzie Fenkeistein, 10000; Aaron
Schreiber, $4,000; Sam Lnstig, 500. ;
Dave BLOOM, $4,000; Izzic Zuker-
n,an. $4,000; Sam Salomon, $4,000
zclig Kreder, 5000; Nathan Lustig.
$1,000: Mrs. Yetta Lusts 10000; i.
Schnyder, $1,000; Max Schott, $4,000 /.
L. Schlan. $500; Sam Alderman.
$4,000; Y. Kamendia. 5000; Fishel
lsiamer. $4,000. Total. S4D2o.0O.
The Denver Jewish news., 1919-04-23
What Denuer Branch ]. w. B.
Does For The Boys
Secretary Weinberger's Report Of Work Accomp
lished In The State Since The Establish
ment Of An Office Here

cd from time to time for this ptir-
pose. A nice sum of money has just
been allowed this hospital for plants
and flowers to brighten and cheer the
rooms of all invalided and bedridden
sailors.
The following are some more speci-
tic rccreational affairs. ut which sol
diers. sailors and marines are invited
entirely without expense: The b. NJ.
II. Purim dance: and the affair to
he given shortly under the joint aus
pices of the League of Jewish Youth
and the Jewish Welfare Board, as
a homecoming event for all men who
have been released from service.
Our efforts have been particularly
directed toward wholesome entertain
ment as n means of uplifting the NOR
ale of the men in camps. have been
personally greeted on numerous oc-
The Denver Jewish news., 1919-04-23
Standing Behind The Seruice Star
To Keep 1t Bright
How The Jewish Welfare Board 10 Helping The Boy
In Service Today And Fitting Him
For Civil Life
by COLONEL HARRY CUTLER.
Written for the Denver Jewish New

The Jewish Welfare Board viii!
stand at its post, until the last man
has been mustered out of service.
Just as it stood by TO cheer and in
Spire them on their way. it is now
welcoming th"m back. with loyal and
grateful service. in camps and hos
pitals. overseas and at home. and in
the communities from which the men
went forth on their great adventure.
Organized over year ngo as II Win
lle-War Organiza tiOrl, commissioned 10
carry out in harmony with other
agencies. the policies of the War De-
partinent relating to thu. morale of
our fighting men. the Jewish Welfare
Board has become an outstanding
achievement of modern American jew
The Denver Jewish news., 1919-04-23

In accordance with n request of the
Jewish News TO report on the ac-
tivitics to date of the Denver Branch
of the Jewish Welfare Board.
submit the following: You
will recall that few months ago you
asked me to mention something def
mite and concrete that the Jewish
Welfare Board had done ut that time
in this community. l replied that our
work was just beginning, and that we
only had promises to make. i am
glad to state now, that these promises
lave been fulfilled. i therefore take
this opportunity to present briefly
some of the actual accomplishments of
the Denver Branch of the Jewish Wei
fare Board since it began its inten-
sive activity in this city and surround
ing posts, about the first of January
of this year.
The Denver Jewish news., 1919-04-23

Our work is done as II community
center in Denver. and III connection
with the Red Cross Mt the Rccupera-
tion Camp. cooperating with the y.
NJ. c. a. at Fort Logan, and with the
Chaplain at the Fort Lyon Naval hos
pital. The work may be divided into
four distinct heads. namely, recrea-
i'onal religious, personal service. and
statistical. Following is a summary of
The activities under each:
Entertainment.
Monthly entertainments have been
conducted at Fort Logan. Colo. the
average attendance being about 400
men. The entertainers are the hest
Cf the local amateur talent. At the
conclusion of each affair, refresh
lncnts and candy have been d:stribut
ed. Transportation is furnished by
the Welfare Board for tile entertain
crs. Appended hereto is letter from
the Y. NJ. c. a. which will indicate
the degree of enthusiasm with which
The Denver Jewish news., 1919-04-23
COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN

man of the Special Committee of the
Council on work for Jewish farm
women, reports that a permanent state
Committee for New Jersey was, or
eanized at n conference recently held
in Newark.
In addition to representatives, from
Newark. there were present Mrs. A
Slinghoffer. Jersey City. Mrs. Epstein,
Elizabeth, and Mrs.'-Hess. Camden.
Mrs. Elmer EckhOuSe, President OF
Newark Section is chairman of the
state Committee and the plan develop
The Denver Jewish news., 1919-04-23

ish life. TO bc with the Jewish sol
dier and sailor everywhere. aiding
him. cheering him. serving him loyal
iy and helpfully, and thru hinI his
country and the ideals for which IL
stands-this is the purpose of the
Jewish Welfare Board. 1t has. in ad-
ditiOn afforded medium for the
organized patriotic expression of the
great American Jewish community i'll
war service. With actual hostilitics
ended. it has entered upon new and
uually;important phase of work. deal
ing with problems of disqualification
and readjustment.
Three and one half million Amcri-
can Jews are banded together, by the
Jewish Welfare Board. and thru ii
they have written u record of service
that has won commendation of nll of
their fellow citizens. While ii has
contributed toward winning the war.
MS a Jewish institution. the Jewish
Welfare Board has been nOn-sectarinn
in all of its activities save in the
matter of religious ministration. II
has worked tremendously with the y.
NJ c. A.. Knights of Columbus. ana
other war welfare agencies, with
spirit of cooperation which will go
far toward better understanding he
tween members of differing religious
faiths in the future. Concretely. the
work of the Jewish Welfare Board
may be divided into three phases
Camp work. community work, and
overseas work.
In order TO carry out its broad prin-
ciples of service in the camps. the
Jewish Welfare Board established. at
its National Headquarters. 40 Fifth
Avenue. New York City, training
school for Jewish Welfare workers.
from which more than four hundred
men were graduated and sent to can
tunments to minister to their broth
ers-in-arms. Jewish Welfare Work
ers are sent to every camp and naval
training station in the country to ar
range and conduct entertainments,
classes, and study groups: daily. Fri
day evening and Holyday. religious
services. They undertook to teach
the English language and principles of
American citizenship to men who have
but recently come to this country.
They performed varied and important
personal services, visiting men in
hospitals and guard house, assisting
in the solution of their problem.
cheering them in moments of depres-
sion. aud building the morale that
ultimately spelled victory. Every
large cantonment had Il well-equipped
Jewish Welfare Board building, open
and free to all men. with comfortable
surroundings. and whole-hearted
welcome. \ special phase of work
The Denver Jewish news., 1919-04-23

was undertaken for non-Jcwish Rus
sian soldiers.
When the tide that had poured men
from the camps over the seas and To
the battle front began 10 turn back
ward. the Jewish Welfare Boards
task became that of preparing men
1or civilian instead of for military
life. When every branch of combat
ant service had ceased firing the
morale division, which included the
civilian agencies connected with the
War Department was forced to re-
double its efforts. for the necessity
for serving the soldier and sailor dur
ing the period of demobilization WAS
even greater than during the period
of mobilization.