davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

dIers OF their commands and make
attendance compulsory. But when
the fighting ceased because tho Ger.
mans were whipped the strategists at
General Headquarters turned their at
tention to a new problem-that OF
keeping up the morale Of the troops
during the long wait to go home and
Of sending them home better citizens.
entered the army.
IL was decided TO make the waiting
time a period Of educational oppor-
tunity for the American troops. Under
the direction of Gen. John J. Pershing,
who was the father OF the movement,
the army built up a sensible, practical
system OF education that has been of
incalculabls benefit 10 thousands of
American lighting men, giving them
the benefit OF training and schooling
which II IL hardly probable that they
could have obtained in the United
States. because tuition in the army
universities was free.
The army system has BEEN 80 sue
cessful many educators have predicted
II will be incorporated In q new basis
OF education in the United States, that
the old haphaxard methods will in
time give way TO some such stand
ardiSed system as was evolved by the
| A. r. +.
When the army educational pro-
gramme was instituted II was found
about rs per cent. Of the troops were
illiterate or non.Engllsh speaking
Many OF the remaining rs per cent
were In great need Of elementary edu.
cation and vocational training. TX
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

he was released. As a released pris-
oner he was entitled " membership on
the defence committee. and as a repre-
sentative Of that body was sent to Chi
cago to confer with Haywood regard
ing the defence OF tho men being held
In the jaiis OF California. There he
was given $500 to use for the best
interests of the organization" The
only instruction was that he as a rep
resentative Of the American Fedora
ton of Labor should employ an attor-
ney to defend the arrested arsonists.
He returned TO California TO find his
home town. Fresno. in flames. 1t was
then that he made the great decision
II his life, and concluded that the
best interests Of the I. w. w. and
the working class demanded that the
real arsonists DO arrested and pun
ished and that he would use Hay-
woods money for that purpose as
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15
THE conception OF the American
| Expeditionary Forces the aver

TINE conception OF the American
Expeditionary Forces the aver
age American citizen carries in
his mind Is that of a tremendously
big and efficient organisation, but an
organization intent only on one thing,
war and training for war. But there
is another phase OF the work Of the
A. e. +. about which Americas hun
dred millions know little or nothing.
1t Is the educational and welfare work
which was begun in a small way al
most as soon as the United States en-
tered the war and began putting her
citizen soldiers into the field, but which
since the signing OF the armistice and
the cessation Of active military opera
tons has developed into the biggest
thing in the American army overseas.
With A. =. F. universities offering
technical and academic courses. a
dozen or moro vocational and special
training schools and thousands Of on
GERS and soldiers sent TO the big
European universities. such as the Sor-
bonnie and the University OF Paris In
France and Oxford and Cambridge
universities In England. the latest re-
ports from General Headquarters to be
received in this country show that
more than 100000 American soldiers
have awaited themselves OF the oppor-
tunity to get the foundation OF an
education or to continue the studies
which were interrupted by the war.
The elaborate educational establish.
ment which the A. y. y. built up In
France was really % outSrowth Of
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

piles was the main object, with the
punishment Of the property owner as a
secondary result
The greatest difficulty encountered
was in procuring chemicals and explo-
sives, so to overcome this there were
called to this meeting Herman Goetz.
q German allen enemy; Robert Con-
nellan (alias Dublin Bob). and Ebert
Coutts. The last two named had Just
completed terms in San Quentin peni-
Tertiary for burglary.
Goetz was an expert chemist and
Bob and Coutts had both taken courses
in chemistry and electricity while in
prison. 1t was decided to establish an
I. w. w. chemical laboratory and the
place chosen was an old houseboat or
lark" near Stockton. Cal. The great
est invention Of the three was the
slow fire bomb. which was made by
blowing a bulb in the end of a small
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

Of the Government. Arson is of itself no
violation Of Federal law, and while the
Marshals had arrested these men they
had little evidence of intent to inter
fere with the Government only as a
result Of their depredations, and in no
case could any particular fire be
brought home to any particular defen-
dant except through tho mysterious
messages. which were not competent
evidence.
The case went to trial and the de-
struction was proved. but the part or
motive Of no defendant had been
touched Upon. Day after day the Gov
ernment's attorneys promised to bring
the fires home to the defendants, but
when the last witness had testified
this had not been done. Nothing re-
NAMED but to dismiss the case.
At this point note was handed to
the prosecutor and he asked for a few
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

member of the Western Federation of
Miners. Haywood's own organization,
and had been an agitator and organ
izer during the entire history Of the
order. He believed In the industrial
teachings, but would countenance no
violence or lawlessness, and for refus-
ing to steal some copper wire he was
at one time suspended by the Fresno
local. He was opposed to destruction,
holding that the worker should not de-
stroy the product Of his own labor.
even though the master class did hold
temporary title to 1t. Later he became
secretary at Fresno. and as such was
arrested on September s.
While in Jail he made the acquaint-
ancs Of Marshal Shannon and Agent
Hudson. also Spanish war veterans,
and through the efforts Of these men
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

for destruction Of machinery bearings
and copper nails for fruit trees and
vines were kept for free distribution.
Ready for Destruction.
By the middle OF July they were
ready to come to the assistance Of the
striking fellow workers" in other
States. The first town selected for
destruction was the city OF Modesto.
Cal, where the officials had refused to
allow an agitator to speak on the
street. On the fifteenth of the month
twenty men met at the hall and re-
ceived from the secretary their instruc-
tions and their supply Of Kittens" as
the fire bombs were called. At mid
night these were planted in buildings,
stacks and fields. and the arsonists
scattered. Hundreds OF thousands OF
dollars worth of property was de-
stroyed that night, but no one was ar
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

on August Is, 1918, Dymond was in
vited to attend a cat meeting" (the
arsonists called themselves sab-cats,
from the word sabotage and their sym
Dol. the black cat) at Knights Land
ing, near Sacramento. there to lay
plans for further activities and their
own protection. The roll call showed
only twenty, but they were the most
daring and experienced criminals in
the country.
Many fellow workers" had been
held in Jail in Sacramento since De-
cember 1917. when Gov. Stevens's
house had been dynamited, and 1t was
decided that that city should be pun
ished. One hundred of the largest
buildings were listed for destruction
and certain buildings allotted to each
man. Perfect arrangements were
made and the location of each man
for the following day was decided
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

Der Company. where one little kitten"
caused the destruction OF $780, 900
worth Of much needed Government
lumber. Every part Of the State was
visited, and as one of the arsonists af-
terward boastingly said. I'VE smoked
the State from the Imperial Valley to
the Oregon line" Hundreds of arrests
were made. but the depredations con-
tinued. The right men could not be
caught 1t was at this juncture that
help came from an unexpected source.
Frederick McHugh. alias John Dy-
mond. was a soldier OF fortune. BY
trade he was q boilermaker and u
miner, but by choice he was q Snug
gler. He volunteered in the Spanish
American war and fought in the Phil
ippines. serving in China during the
Boxer trouble. returned to America
and fought with Madero in Mexico.
He Joined to I. w. W. In 1904 as a
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

rested, as the criminals had a start OF
three hours.
The next city marked for destruc-
ton was Fresno. Cal. where the hall
Of the !. W. W. had been raidej and
the members imprisoned. There with
in period Of ten days $4,000. 200
worth OF property was burned. includ-
ing the Fresno Products Co.. the larg-
est factory in the world for manufac-
turing the by-products Of fruit pits,
the most vital one at that time being
carbon used for making gas masks
for the army. Hay markets. stock
yards, lumber yards and fruit packing
plants were destroyed. while moving
trains burst into flames after leaving
the stations.
Phe largest individual fire IN the
State was that Of the Westwood Lum-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

glass tube, This was fitted with a rub
Der cork and filled with phosphorus
and acid. These were nicely timed by
varying the thicknness OF the cork,
which was destroyed by the action Of
the acid In from one to three hours.
and the phosphorus. exposed to the
air, burst into an intense flame.
Phosphorus. however. was difficult to
secure, so Coutts made q furnace of his
own. For this he utilized an old flower
pot to which he fitted cover with an
exhaust, and an electrical connection
attached to the high power wires near
the ark" This lark" became the
source Of supply, and from there thou
sands Of these bombs were sent or
carried. and chemicals for poisoning
stock, explosives for destroying build
ings and railroad bridges. emery dust
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

we'll as for securing the release Of a
few innocent men who were among
those being held.
From the date Of Dymonds return
anonymous information began coming
to Marshal Shannon giving the names.
history. description and location Of the
perpetrators OF each depreciation. The
terrorists had lost their luck and were
rapidly being gathered up by the on
Gals. The strange story and location
Of the ark" was also told in these
communications. and In a raid the
entire outfit was seized and Dublin
Bob and Coutts arrested. Goetz es-
capped by swimming the river. and
later reached Mexico.
Within a weeks time few of the
real ,arsonists remained at large. and
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

forty. members Of the /. W. w. Ian
guish in tho prisons OF California
serving terms OF from two to six years
for their activities. nor that two Of our
members have been killed in their
fight with the employing class Of
California. but they have not altered
our determination to keep banging
away at them until our men are free,
or we are all in prison with them"
At the outbreak Of the war with
Germany It only remained to direct
this destructive activity into the proper
channels, and a meeting was held In
the Oakland I. w. w. hall on May 10.
1917, to plan the campaign. Any and
every activity that would hamper the
Government in its conduct Of the war
was decided upon. Interference with
the railroads and destruction of sup
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

upon. Two days later. August II. was
selected as the date.
August 16, 1918, has the record of
being the busiest day in the history Of
the ONCE OF the United States Marshal
Of California The mysterious infor-
nation had been such a. behooved
them to hurry. BY daybreak August
II nineteen men had been arrested and
in no instance had the information
been wrong. Only one man escaped.
and he was later heard from in
Canada
The Messing Link OF Evidence.
On October IL, 1918. forty-five men
and one woman were indicted by the
Federal Grand Jury at Sacramento as
being members OF the I. W. w. and
for interfering with the war activities
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15
The silent Defence.

The conviction OF the I. ". W. Al
Chicago was a matter Of surprise and
dismay TO the organization. For year,
they had succeeded in intlmdatlng
juries and could not realize that
time could ever come when they must
answer for their crimes. The failure
TO be acquitted in that case started
great propaganda that there could g
no Justice for the "workingman" n
the 'capitalistic courts" This reach
such a state that when the Sacram
to case was called for trial forty-th~-'
of the defendants announced thro.
a spokesman that they would have
attorney and would offer no defe"
They would not plead guilty. as -.
did not recognize the canitalis,ic
as binding upon them. so thropsr
trial of six weeks no word was utter
by these men. Three OF them bro
the solidarity. however. and emp'orei
an attorney, who, since Il was a charge
of conspiracy. defended them all r."
testimony of Dymond and Coutts msda
the case complete and the jury witt
out hesitation returned verdict y
guilty against each OF the forty.siy
Only on the day OF sentence, when
asked by the court II they had an.
thing to say before sentence shogh
be passed. did they break their silence
Then each took occasion to display hi'
oratorical ability. For hours one after
another decked with the red ribbon
and white button OF the First Sovia,
or San Francisco, ranted at the tlisA
and prosecutors. They defed the law,
the courts, the Government ard the
country. They prophesied the over.
throw OF all and their own forcible re-
lease through a revolution bv th9
workers. Each was given an oppor,
tunity to talk and was then quietly
sentenced and removed 10 Fort I.ear-
enworth
This ended the second big trial M
the collective weapon, the genera!
strike, had failed so had the iTdlvd-
uai weapon Of direct action and sa5o'
tage.
The Menace That Remains
These men, the leaders and terror
lists of the l. W. W, have been con-
Ncted. but there is still in this copn'
try a membership of 100000 waiting
only for new issue and for ne"
leaders Their motto is. you are IN
there for US. We are out here fo'
you" They are opposed 10 all gov
ernment and all property rights They
Will always be a menace urt! me
honest workingman can be made 70
sre that the worker and employer have
interests in common, and ''"' th'
principles OF Bolsheyism leaf l4
worker into deeper and deeper dog
radiation. When a proper UNDER
standing OF this common interest 10,
! comes general there will be- r' 0tA
for the growth of the radical ard ire
I. W. w.
With the close of the war furfher
prosecutions OF the I. W. " weF'
dropped by the Government, ard lhe
strict vigilance OF the Bureau q IT.
Vestigation was relaxed Congress IN
Its wisdom refused to appropriate
money to maintain the bureau, "n'-n
had successfully fought the enemy Z"
home for two long years, and hr'.
ski, Clahaugh and hundreds ~ o'ATI
trained men were allowed to ,oa'" Inc
service.
| Recent events have shown tia h0s'
Titles OF this enemy dId 10. DaS',
with the signing of the arm.s''ce, aua
that the mon who fought the J. W W
during the war must be rep!aoeu
which is rapidly being done ~ I'M
! Attorney-GeneraL
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

minutes recess Upon resuming h
asked to examine one more witness
end called the name OF John Dymond
The faces of~the forty-six defendants
bJanched and their Jaws dropped al
they saw their old associate and
trusted official take the stand for tn.
Government. He there told the story
of the conspiracy, the destruction, IL
purpose. and the part each man had
played. naming them and pointing
them out to the court and Jury. Dymons
after testifying disappeared as myste.
riously as he had come, but wherever
he Is he is certainly entitled TO the
thanks Of the State OF California and
the country in general.
Dymond's story was afterward cor
rcborated by the boy Coutts, who had
made the furnace and chemicals on the
lark" but his story lacked the spec
tacular features and the patriotic mo-
tive which distinguished the Dymond
testimony.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1919-11-14
MINISTER'S TO AID.

Every minister Of the gospel In the
county who did not on last Sunday
preach strong and vigorous sermon
on the observance OF the laws OF the
state and nation and make an appeal
for. rededication TO the principles
upon which our nation was founded
should do 80 next Sunday. II the
church does not function In crisis
Of this kind, when not only the tu.
ture life OF the republic IS at stake,
but more, the standards and ideals
Of our Christian civilization are i'm
perilled, then the church has truly
ceased to be factor in the affairs Of
the nation. In the opinion OF many,
under such circumstances ii would be
difficult to justify its existence
The church is more vitality concern
ed In right solution OF our present
day problems and in the saving OF
American institutions and the preser-
walton Of our existing social order and
standards Of life than any other or
ganization. II has been revealed as
a result of the governments war on
the agitators and anarchists that not
only IL the movement which they
have fostered aptiAmerican, but IL Is
yat,fi hEfg Na. "a, On. In nd mt
alone upon the established institu.
tons of our country, but the founda.
tions OF our whole social, economic
and political life is attacked, that IS
the religion Of Jesus Christ. Not only
Is IL proposed TO substitute for our
government the rule OF the mob and
TO inaugurate reign Of blood and
terror but the doors Of the churches
are TO be closed and we are to have
man without God, without a master
and free OF authority"
It Is true that ministers have many
requests to preach sermons on special
subjects. They cannot and ought not
10 comply with all OF them. But 1t is
beyond understanding how any minis
ter. can for any reason. refuse in this
crisis TO thunder from the pulplts the
words OF advice and OF admonition
that are so much needed The para.
mount. the all absorbing question be
fore the American people today is
that Of whether or not this govern.
ment and all its benign institutions
are to perish from earth. In such an
emergency some of the discourses on
purely theoretical issues can assured
ly be withheld for a season.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1919-11-14
T4E SPIRIT or TAE SOUTH
Z Nashville Tennessean T

In 1861 the men Of the South march
ed 10 the war in gray-clad ranks. fol
lowing the Confederate Flag They
fought for what they believed TO be
right. Came peace. and in the years
that followed they worked for the up
Building Of their country There have
never been better citizens than these
men who once swore allegiance 70 the
Stars and Bars.
A group Of old men---Confederate
~yets"-Bet Ia Columbia Monday, and
passed resolutions deneuncing the
works Of ALI organizations, unions
or declarations that would sahFert the
powers Of government or change the
ideals or institutions Of America
These men who have lived 10 see
one great united country grow out Of
the chasm Of the sixties, eternaliy
damned all foreigners not loyal TO the
6ag, and denounced as traitors all
who are not loyal IA word, thought
and deed"
They shame the parIor Bolsheyikg,
the emigrants in our midst who yet
give allegiance TO their foreign gods,
and all emissaries OF the powers Of
social corruption fostering in our
midst These "old boys may be weak
liz bodies, but they are strong in their
minds, and they are setting an exam
pie for young America 10 follow
Abe Lincoln, sitting in the yalhalla
Of the Great, must have smiled under
standingly when these men. who once
him. stood up in old Naury
county and demanded that persons
living in America be loyal to the flag,
or 90 back 70 the land from whence
they came.
We'd rather have one Of these "old
boys" as our neigbbor than a tbous-
and be-spectacied intellectual"
their damnable doctrines
which they imported from alien
shores.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1919-11-14

didn't tell US who would make this
cold shouldered, balky public take
that tonic. Will our Uncle Sam? We
are afraid not. for we think he made
them balk if they have really baked
He soothes the farmer with the
fact that the public has baked. says
the advocacy of curtailed production
is ansound, overlooking the fact that
the farmers hogs have cost as high
as the packers meat He defends
the packers contention that his pro-
ducts cost him high and like every
one else lodges the plan to have a
general reduction Of al commodities
say 80 to so per cent and a consistent
reduction OF prices from the laborers
wages to the presidents salary. Then
there would be no doubt as to where
the farmers would stand? II some of
those high brows who are Juggling
around beams in their own eyes, try
iuS W get SuUit uuSI out Ol the IdfUl-
ers's eyes wolld begin reduction by
curtailing their own salaries and in
comes they would meet with better
success.
But the farmer ought to be careful
he seems to be between the devil and
the deep blue sea. An element on one
side who wants to prorata the wealth
of the world, on the other side an ele-
ment that wants, at their own will, to
take from the fadmer the fruits of a
years toll
One of two things must happen,
the farmer must organize or all other
unions must be dissolved President
Lincoln said: mo nation could exist
half slave and half free"
Respectfully. ~
D. NJ. DELK.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1919-11-14
GOV COLLEGES ELECTION.

One Of the most hesJtening signs q
the times was the overwhelming re-
election Of Gov. Coolidge 10 Nassacbu.
sets. This executive came into fame
10 his patriotic and intensely Amer.
can stand for law and order and the
supremacy VI government during the
strike Of the policemen VI Boston.
His declaration thai government could
not be- compromised, that the issue
could not be discussed anytime any
whore, MAS a distinct note ~ encour-
agement 10 the people Of the nation
who were beginning 70 despair Of
their institutions. He preserved or
Ger Ia Boston and refused 70 treat
with the deserving policemen.
The democratic politicians willing,
n seems, 10 sacrifice even the dearest
principles VI American liberty for a
mess Of pottage; willing 70 yield TO
any selfish class upon the promise Of
votes, attacked Coy. Coolidge for his
Ameficanism and courage. His atti-
tude In the Boston strike, which no
law abiding American Can disappfoye,
was called into question and made an
issue In the campaign. But the citi-
zens VI the commonwealth, where is
located the cradle Of the American re-
public. stood true TO the faith handed
down by the fathers. and gave Gov.
Coolidge majority five times that by
which he was elected q year ago. The
test was a real one for Massachusetts
IL one OF the greatest industrial states
OF the union and its organized labor
h powerful and numerous. II upon
the issue made against Gov, Coolidge
Americanism ~ sustained IN the in
dHetrial state Of Massachusetts, sure
ly IL ought to be the victor In practi.
csily every other state Of the union
No intelligent man viii question for
an instant what the result would be
In Tennessee.