davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09
NEED NOT TRANSFER GERMS
Disease Will Not Be Transmitted if
SoiIed Hands Are Kept Away
From Mouth.

1t is glaringly Obvious that the bit
ing of finger nails, the mOisiening of
fingers in turning the pages Of q book,
and similar half-conscious acts greatly
enhance the opportunities for planting
undesirable germs where they can mul-
tiply," says the Journal of the Ameri-
can Medical Association. "On the
fingers they may be harmless; trans
ferred to the mouth they have wide
field for development.
"The soiling of the hands is impos-
sible to avoid altogether, but the sWal-
lowing of germs from ones own soiled
hands is largely under individual con-
troll
TT may fairly be assumed that the
most useful safeguards against this
form of disease transmission are to be
found in such practices as hand wash
ing and in refraining from using the
tongue, or the lips as a moistening-pad
rather than in hysterical attempts at
avoidance of all hand contamination
Children are best protected through
the inculcatiOn of similar desirable
habits at an early age. In a word,
some degree of hand-cOntaminatiOn is
unavoidable; but the tranSference of
the communicating germs to the mouth
is largely under individual control and
is subject to the powerful influence of
early-fOrmed habit" Is
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09
Jonah used N0ah's house0oat idea
104themodifcGttons

AmazonF RiVer,H the greatest female
rivera ins theS world; the Great Salt
LakeS the Dead Sea and Wall Street!
Niagara Falls and the: Old Faithful
geyser ares the twof mostT athletic
bodies fgwater. Thes mostkindus:
trious waters is the. Colorado; River
which hass burroweds its sway 5000
feet into the ribs Of the earth. The
most imposed upon water is the, Chi
cago River, which was ~ turned
around, loaded full of sewage and
made1 toy run. backward. T. The most
restless water is the Missouri
River which changes It's bed every
night. The most neglected water Is
found in Kentucky, where it Is not
used 4 for anything but storing cat
fish. And the most over-advertised
waters inR the world is Minnehaha
Falls, which only fall when a stout
mans in overalls Eturns on fspfgot
and begins to pump
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09


One of the gifts that President Will
son received in Italy was a silver
model of the statue known as the Fan
ciulla d'Anzio, presented to him by the
Roman municipality. The original is
a Greek statue, discovered not long
ago at the villa of Nero, in the seaport
town of Anzio, near Rome, and pur-
chased by the Italian government for
10000 lire. Admirers of art and stu
dents of archaeology had<fraYeled from
all over Europe to see it, and the
youthful draped figure, carrying a plat
ter from which the object it long ago
held had been broken, was named the
Maid of Anzio. Then somebody noticed
that the long robe was lifted a little,
as if to avoid tripping over it, that
the biceps muscle of the bare arm was
more bOyish than girlish, and so on,
until modern judgment has decided
that the title Fanciulla d'AnziO is a
misnomer and that the unknown
sculptor was really modelling the figure
of a handsome youth performing some
service in an ancient temple.
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09
First in the Field.

The mild surprise with which one
occasionally notes the name of a for
eign city on a penny box of matches
purchased in the United States may
before long include boxes of matches
bearing the far-away name of Dairen,
Manchuria. The worlds appetite for
matches is apparently Unsuitable. An
American company has been studying
Manchuria and Siberia from the match
manufacturing point of view, but so
has large japanese concern, and this
concern, it now seems, will be first in
the field at Dairen, the chief Man
churian port. But then if Japan were
not first in the field in Manchuria,
where would she be first in the field?
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09

Blank had had day off, and when
he returned to the office the following
morning his pals wanted to know why
he locked so disgruntled.
Everything went wrOng!" grumbled
Blank.
How was that?" one asked.
Ever go fishing with a girlT'
"Once."
Did she protest against hurting the
fish?'
mo. She said she was sure they
were perfectly happy, because they
were all wagging their tails. Lon
don Tit-Bits.
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09
Doddina Shop.

They struck up a conversation in the
hotel lobby and finally one man sug-
gested a trip to the movies. The other
politely declined.
Don't you want to see Viola YAM
pire?"
Nope"
Nor Yorick Hamm in his latest
comedy?'
''Nope."
What's the matter, my friend?
Aren't you interested in the various
stars?"
Not this evening. I'm an astrOno-
mer taking a night off"
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09
One At Z lime.

We attended a country wedding and
at the conclusion of the ceremony
were astonished to see the bride start
on the honeymoon alone. When asked
the reason the bridegroom explained
that both couldn't be away at the
same time as there would be no one
10 feed the stock and he would take
his trip down the river shooting ducks
when the bride came back.-Chicago
Tribune.
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09

Many a pedestrian and motorist
looked, observed and smiled Wednes-
day night as he passed a church on
Clinton hill. Obvious and elaborate
preparations for a wedding were un-
der way. Coaches and florist wagons
were bustling. The unmistakable cam
opy was being erected from sidewalk
to door. And in big letters on the
front of the church was blazoned the
minister's subject for an approaching
service: This Is the Life. Newark
News.
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09
THE CALL OF DUTY
BY NAOMI n. ANDERSON


When Uncle Sam began sending his
telegraphic messages to every city and
hamlet of the country that stenOgra-
piers and typists were needed in Wash
ington, Ann Rogers saw them printed
in the daily news, read them, Won
dered If she ought to offer her serv-
ices, andl then forgot them, for her
daily tasks at Burr & Harchant'S
seemed quite sufficient for the sum
total of her existence, and for three
months she ignored Uncle Sans con
stant and urgent appeals. But one day,
when one of the stenographers came in
and calmly announced that she was
going to Washington, Ann Rogers took
up the newspapers again, read and re-
read Uncle Sans appeals and finally
decided to follow in the footsteps Of
the former stenOgrapher.
Two months later, having followed
the call of "The Great Adventure" (as
she called it), she was happily en-
sconced in one of the offices of the war
department busily checking names Of
applicants for one of the branches Of
the war service, despite the fact that
Burr & Marchant's had offered her a
larger salary if she would have re-
mained, and quite unaware that be-
side her an officer, whom she had
hardly noticed, would be a great par
ticipator in her "Great Adventure"
and forthwith treated him with de-
liberate uncOncern. But the days
stretched on to weeks, and each day
the officer by her side began to loom
up of greater and greater interest on
the horizon of her happy existence.
Finally she admitted even to her CO.
workers that she thought he was aw-
fully nice; and the days slipped by.
Three months later an order came
from the adiutant generals office, or
dering First Lieutenant Downs to go
to camp, and there he would be as
signed to some company for early
overseas duty. Ann had known for
some weeks that the order was coming
through, but the days chased each
other so sublimely that she did not
realize what the order would mean to
her until 1t came. But when she read
the order that within three days he
was TO report to his commanding Of
f1cer, she knew. The three days
dragged by-they no longer flew-and
the nights were an eternity of tears
and prayers; but on the morning Of
the last day when the first lieutenant
said good-by Ann was smiling, and for
all the world none would have guessed
at the tears and prayers. The week
following his departure dragged
through its course, but the brightness
and novelty of the throbbing, crowded
city had died for Ann.
One afternoon when letter arrived
from Mr.. Marchant asking If Ann
would not come back to her old posi-
ton. she dispatched an immediate re-
ply to the effect that she would be
back in three weeks. The next day
she handed in her resignation.
"Oh. she's got the blues on account
of a sweetheart back home" conf1ded
the sergeant to the corporal, but Cap
tain Downs knew, and accepted her
resignation.
On the morning that she presented
herself at the office of Burr & Mar
chant she found a beautiful bunch OF
red roses in a vase on her desk, and
attached to them was q card bearing
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09
Bran Muffins.

Roger w. Babson of the department
of labor said at a dinner in Washing
ton:
Speaking of labor, it has been a
tough job to eat some~of the health
foods that were turned out during the
war.
"A young lady said to a young man
at a Washington dance:
care you the same young man who
ate so many of my bran mullins at the
Red Cross last fall?"
"No, he answered, and what's
more, the doctor says I never will
be-"
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09
HIa Ruling Thought.

One hears great deal about th@
absent-minded professor. but Ii would
be hard TO find one more absent-mind-
ed than the dentist who said soothing
ly, as he applied tool TO his automO-
bile, under which he lay: Now, this
LIN going to hurt just a little"
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09

Some men are rich and don't know
It-rich in health, rich in a large and
happy family, rich I'm friends, rich I'm.
influence and standing in their COM
munities, rich In the spirit Of charity
and brotherly love. These same men
may be poor in this worlds goods
but they're rich. just the same
CrOsman.
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09

While to be sure we believe George
Washington never told a lie we al.
ways viii wonder how he got around
IL If Mrs. Washington ever asked him
If he didn't think her new way OF
serving parsnips made them perfectly
delIcious.-Alacon Telegraph.
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09
Spoiled Her Pleasure.

Husband-Haye you had a pleasant
afternoon?
Jenkinson came together and left to-
gether. I had a let of things about
Mrs. Wilkinson I wanted to tell Mrs.
Jenkinson, and had a lot of things
to tell Mrs. Wilkinson. but, of course,
when they were both together it was
no use.
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09

Mr.. Marchant's name. It occurred to
her then he was Z bachelor, and she
asked herself, 'Is it pOssible?" but
soon forgot the question in the busy
examination of. her old desk and type
writer. Later when Mr.. Marchant
came in she shook hands with him and
thanked him for the roses.
"Are you glad to be back in this
smoky city?" he teased.
"Its the best city in the world" she
rejoined, laughing.
Again the weeks began slipping BY
but Mr.. Marchant was quick to notice
that the happy laughter in AIMS eyes
was gone.
"You ought to take a vacation" he
told her one day. You seem so tired"
"Oh. I'm not tired" she quietly re-
piled
"Then. have a doctor"
"Why2" and her eyes. Widened.
.l"Tou'1 be having a nervous break
down before YOU know it." he said.
WHY there's nothing the matter
with. me, or. perhaps it's just a little
touch of the blues" she smiled. But
she did not 30 to doctor.
A fcw day Later when Marchant
was WATCHING hor he saw a soft light
in her eyes. and the doubt in them
seemed to have vanished. And he
said to himself "9e has written to
her"
He talked to her of the transports
loaded With troops arriving daily, and
what fine thing it was that the war
was over. but all he could get out Of
her was her quiet, 'T am so glad"
and he knew that it was not the brand
of gladness for her.
And one morning she came in ra-
diant. There was a buOyancy to her
step, such d shining brightness in her
eyes that it electrified the whole office
staff. and Mr.. Marchant, watching her,
said to himself, "He has come back,
and she had to go to WashingtOn-it
was destiny" He did not stay in the
office that day He went out and
walked for miles, and finally too tired
to walk back took a taxi home, ever
yoicing his prayer, ooh, hope she will
be happy" but had he seen Ann at
the moment that he was entering his
room, and had he seen the look In
the eyes of the man in uniform, he
would have realized that AIMS happi-
ness was complete.
Copyright, 1919, by the Mcclure News
paper Syndicate.)
The patriot. [volume] (Indiana, Pa.) 1914-1955, 1919-08-09
WATER

most noted collections Of water In
the world are the Great Lakes, which
are / 900 miles long over all and
entirely drinkable; the Mississippi
River, the father OF Eaters;A the
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-16

provistos de dulce a dichos Ala
dos durante todo ell tempo de la
contienda.
En- uno de los 1ltimos mime
ros del Suplemento Economico de
la Daily Review of the Foreign
Press he visto una referencia a la
"Koelnische Zeitung,' seg1n la
cual la Maschinenfabrik Oreven-
breiche ha celebrado grandes con-
tratos para la creacion de fabri-
| cas- de azncar en- Ukrania y Sc
agrega que, dadas las dificultades
que existen para la exportacion
de los productos de esos terrific
rios, Sc ha estimado convenlente
que dichas fabricas Sc establezcan
con la cooperation de la industria
alemana. Esto, aunque no alar-
mante por ell momento, pues ape
mas contribuirfa a suministrar a
Alemania ell az1car que lie falta
para su propio consume, puesto
que de $4,000 hectareas que eli
1914 cultivaba con remolacha hoy
solo tiene en- production 378,OOO,
seg1n ell "Norddeutsche Algemei-
ne Zeitung,'' 81 puede ser grave
amenaza para cuando la produc-
cion de las regiones afectadas por
la guerra recobre la extension que
tenia hace cinco amos, 81 es que
en- los arreglos que hayan de ha-
cerse para la conclusion de la paz
no asegura una situaci6n de pre-
ferencia para nuestro producto.
"Quedaria incomplete este i'll
forme 81 no Sc hiciera alguna re-
ferencia a la politica de "Refe-
rencia Imperial" anunciada por
el gobierno ingles y apenas debii
damente combatida por algunos
de los antiques liberales sostene-
dones del "F'ree Trade, politi-
ca cuyo resultado sera una de-
cidida protection en- ell mercado
+iinglssAa los nreductns de as colo:
MAS Y Dominios Britanicos, Q
oue en- relacion con ell az1car Sc
sentira considerablemente en- Gu
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-16
COMISION DE SERVICIO
PUBLICO.

Ell martes dict6 una Orden la Co
mission de Serviei0 Publico ext
giendo a la p. r. Railway Light
and Power Co., la realization de
ciertas mejoras en- la estaci6n de
Trujillo Alto.
Fueron electos los oficiales que
han de componer la COmisi6n re-
sultando los mismos que hoy des-
empei1an los cargos, a saber: Jo-
Sc e. Benedicto, presidente; Ho-
ward L. Kern, vice-presidente
Pablo Bepga, secretario y Filipo
l.. de Hostos, subsecretario-inter-
prete.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-16
Fl porvenir del azllcar
Informe del Consul de Cuba en- Inglate
IRA que interesa nuestros
AgTicultores.

ba, que siempre tuvo en- este pals
un mercado .importante para de-
tener ell veces injustificado, des-
censo de los precios en- ell mercado
americana.
La perspectiva general del mer-
cado azucarero del mundo pare
ce indicar que es ell momento de
asegurar para ell producto de Gu
ba algunos mercados secundarios,
va que los Estados Unidos seran
raj comprador, Para ningdn pals
seria tan grave como para ell nues
tro una crisis tra1da por exceso
de production universal por dcs-
ventajosa posici6n politico-comer-
cial.
En- 1913-14 la production uni
versal de az6car assemble, segnn
la casa Willet y Gray, a 16,0SO
! toneladas, cifra que puede con-
siderarse sufciente para el con-
sumo.
"Segln estadistica de los seilo-
res Czarnikow, Bienda y Co., la
production total de 1918 sera de
Is. .995. 900, con un deficit de $4,000.
"De manera que ell deficit ac-
tual es casi insignificante' Y de-
be tenerse en- cuenta que la dis
fminuci6n de production de azu-
car causada por la guerra y que
volvera al mercado en- plazo no
muy distante, es por 10 que Sc re-
fiere "a los palses de Europa de Ger.
ca de cinco millones de toneladas,
que han sido sustituidas en- parte,
con los siguientes aumentos, que
para nOSOtrOs representa- Ell nue.
vo elemento adverse va EN- pie
ma production:
Estados Unidos (comprendien-
do Puerto Ricoa Hawai- y las Fill
pinas), S24,oOO.
"Centro y Sur America, 100000
..Australiq, $4,000.
Asia, 1.5s0.00O F."
i LEA Ell IMPARCIAL.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-16

| El senor A. Merchan, consul de
Cuba Ell Londres, Gran Bretana,
ha remitido la secretarla de Es-
tado de su pals ell siguiente infor-
me sobre ell porvenir de la indus
tria azucarera:
cen un informe anterior me
permit lamar la atencion de US
ted al incremento que la indus
tria azucarera esta tomando en-
Formosa, Manchuria y Corea
Hoy creo oportuno referirme a
otras fuentes del mismo producto
que los acontecimientos politicos
que en- estos momentos Sc desarro-
Han puedan colocar muy pronto
en- posici6n de afectar su merca.
do y, por consiguiente, a Cuba en-
en- la mas vital de su eXistencia
economical.
"El reconocimiento por los go.
biernos Aliados del pueblo Checo-
Eslavo como naci6n independent
te y asociada ellos en- la guerra
contra los imperios centrales de
Europa, trae al lado de las nacio-
mes vencedoras a una de las mas
importantes producciones de azu-
car del continente. Los terrific
rios que esos pueblos rcclaman
como suyos comprenden las pro
lvincias de Bohemia, Moravia y 81
IBERIA Austriaca, EN- los cualeS sc
encuentran ell SO por. 100 de las
I fabricas de azilcar eXistentes Ell
Austria en- 1914, que ascendlan a
I210. De elias 112 estan en- Bohe-
mia, so en- Moravia y 6 en- Silesia
Austriaca. Convene, ademas, OBJ
servador que en- 1913 habia EN- ese
imperio Is refnerfas establecidas
todas en- los mencionados terrific
rios, de modo que puede decirse
que el total del az1car austriaco
exportable Cen 1912-13 Sc exporta-
ron 100000 toneladasl vendria
i a. a+reeh61fiar -en los naeresRala-ss-de les
pafses aliados tratamiento por lo
menos igual al que Sc de al proce-
dimiento de los que mantuvieron
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-16
U,N TRABAJADOR Sc CAE
DESDE UNA GRAN ALTURA

El II del actual, en- la carretera
de Lares, kil6metro 1S, cayo des'
de una gran altura ell trabajador
Natalio Rivera, shfriendo contu-
stones graves.
Rivera, al dar un marronazo so
bre un muro de cOntencion, per-
di6 ell equilibrio y fue arrastrado
por el pesado marron.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-16
A LA APROBACION
DEL GOBERNADOR

lei Alcalde de ArecibO ha some
lido a la aprobacion del Gober-
nador una ordenanza adoptada
por ell Concejo Municipal de aque-
LA ciudad, solicitando autoriza-
cion para arrendar en- p1blica SUI
basta los departamentos, mesas y
sitios de la Plaza del Mercado pre-
piedad de dicho Municipio.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-16
CORTE MUNICIPAL

La Corte Municipal ha senten-
ciado Nicasio Maclara y Cefe-
rino Rivera a $5 de multa cada
unO, por crueldad con los animal
les; Isidro Conception, a 30 dlas
de carcel, por- acometimiento y
aggression; Encarnaci0n Morales,
Juan Quiles, Alexandra Rosario
John Henry, a $3 cada uno, por
alterar la paz. POr juegos pro-
hibidOs fuerOn sentenciadOs Juan
Vazquez, Santos Rosa, Juan San
chez, Dionisio Perez Y Jesus Cruz.
Sc NECESITA una taqIigrafa,
con conocimientos de ingles. Dirf-
jase al Apartado BOT, San Juan.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-16

Sc VENDE: Cash. Autom6vil
Buick, 6 cilindros, modelo 1917,
cuatro meses de uso. Informara
Parque 43. Telefono 241 Santur-
ce Advt.
Williston graphic., 1919-03-20
Training Little Children
BY Mrs. Isabel s. Wallace
BY Mrs. Isabel 8. Wallace

The education Of young girls should
prepare them for the greatest work
in the world-wifeh6od and mother
hood, and wish they could all have
courses in home-nursing, domestic
science and kindergarten training.
Ny training as . Kindergarten
taught me many things among them
keeping strictly to q schedule; 50 my
baby was fed, bathed and put to bed
regularly. Habit is formed early in
life, and can help to make or mar
character, depending on whether
habits are good or bad. This carry
ing out Of a regular schedule was
not always easy, for it meant sacri.
flee Of many pleasures. But / wanted
to be good mother first of all, and
I was rewarded by having a happy,
good baby. Even now at six years
old there is no fuss at nap time or
bedtime. One of the things taught
unconsciously in the kindergarten is
regularity and promptness, and these
can be taught in the home just as
we'll.
Long before baby could talk she
Williston graphic., 1919-03-20
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
SS-6t.
SUMMONS

SUMMONS
State of North Dakota, County of
Williams, IS:
In District Court, Eleventh Judi
cial District.
Lawrence J. Lane, Plaintiff, VS..
Della Lane, Defendant.
Summons
The State of North Dakota to the
Above Named Defendant:
You are hereby summoned to an
swer, the Complaint of the Plaintiff
in the above entitled action, which
Complaint is filed in the office of the
Clerk of the District Court of Will
liams County, North Dakota, at the
Court House in the City of Willis
ton, said County, and to serve copy
of your Answer upon the subscriber
at his Office within thirty days after
the service of the Summons upon you,
exclusive of the day of such service,
and if you fail to answer within such
time, Judgment will be taken against
you by default for the relief demand
ed in said Complaint.
VIM. G. Owens,
Attorney for Plaintiff.
Office and Post Office Address, J.
Williston, N. D. 36-7t.
Williston graphic., 1919-03-20

NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
Department of the Interior, U. S
Land Office at Williston, N. D., Feb
Is, 1919. Ill.,. "
NOTICE is hereby given that
Charles N. Howell, of Williston, N
D., who, on June IL, 1915, made
Homestead entry, serial No. 021484
for Sc IA NV IA, Section II, Town
ship 1853 N, Range 100 w., 5th p
Meridian, has filed notice of inten-
tion to make three year Proof, to es-
tablish claim to the land above de-
scribed, before The Register & Re-
ceiver, U. S. Land Office, at Willis
ton, N. D., on the 26th day of March,
1919.
Claimant names as witnesses:
Elmer Collins, A. Snyder, Harry
Schryver, Sam Vizana, all of Willis
ton, N. D.
36-6t. w. E. Byerly, Register.
Williston graphic., 1919-03-20
NOTICE AND CITATION. HEARING
or FINAL ACCOUNT AND Dis.
TRl0UTION or ESTATE

OF FINAL ACCOUNT AND DIE.
TRlDUTION OF ESTATE
State OF North Dakota. County Of
il County Court. Before Hon. H. 4
uinef she p.sssssa sss,sS OF the Estate of 1oA'
R9snk Honsk Martha HSne: sS,i:
W. 4sncs Gask a. sascs Mrs TS:sS sSs s9
Notice ..d citation. He.ris. Of Fissi
STATE '.s q NcS e.
Yo1 the said Louise. Honek. Frank
Monsk. Martha Henek. Mrs. Huge
notified that the final account Of the
Estate Of John HoneK.. Deceased. late
cosSty of %i,ams ana fiaf:
Of North Dakota. deceased. kaft beel
rendered to this Court. therein tnow-
ready for final settlement and distri-
button and petitioning that his ac-
count be allowed. the residue OF said
t6srevnto entitled. his admini! !tra tiSs
that Menaay "a the sfst d day 'sfnaSes ef aaies
A. D. 1919, at 10 O'clock In the fore:
the City Of Will.ston, County OF Wi.
Jams and State of North Dakota, has
the settlement thereof. at which time
and place any person Interested In
said estate may appear and fle h1o
and petition and contest the same.
And you, the above named respon-
dents. and each OF you. are hereby
be and appear before this Court, apd
show cause, If any you have. why
said account shall not be allowed. the
residue OF said estate distributed. the
and said Joe e. Honek. Administrator.
discharged.
Dated the 18th day of February A.
D. 1918.
By the Court:
(SeaD H. B. Wingerd.