The Miller press. [volume] (Miller, S.D.) 190?-current, 1919-09-25

4 ttVn vi W othF GE NV q
American has had IN the past a speak
Ing vocabulary OF only $50 Of the more
than 100000 words in the English Ian
guage, the increase brought about by
the sirplane and airship Is regarded as
remarkable.
quainted with the true meaning OF
such words as "fuselage." "nacelle,"
drift" or parasite resistance" the
Manufacturers Aircraft association
has prepared a flying dictionary
with the aid OF a report compiled by
the national advisory committee for
aerouautics at Washington.
Never before has so much aero.
nautical news been printed says the
Manufacturers Aircraft association
article yet n of the handicaps Is the
proper description of equipment so as
to give the public-generally unIn-
st~ructed-an accurate idea Of the mag
nltude OF current happenings. This
difficulty has also been encountered in
government aircraft activities and ap-
pears more than ever now that COM
mercial aviation. with proper encour-
agement. promises to develop soon.
Is Strange Language.
The 2O or more aeronautical
words or phrases In common use on
the flying fields or In the aircraft
plants are strangers to the average
reader. For instance. everyone prob
ably has heard of the a~ileron. yet
many may not know that the ailerons
or a biplane are arranged In the trail
Ing edges In a unique manner, causing
1t to respond at the slightest touch Of
the controls and enabling the pilot to
Ignore the lateral altitude OF the ma
chine entirely.
A aileron, to be more specific, is a
btt OF - wing tip fixed on hinges back
on the rear edge at the ends of the
wings. II is controlled by wires. When
moved from the Idlot's seat the allie
rons on one side raise and those on the
other side decline proportionntely,
thereby allowing the wind pressure
against them TO tip the plane to either
side rs desired.
"A biplane Is a two-winged machine
one wing placed above the other. A
majority of the American and British
machines are biplancs.
THE trailing edge is the rear edge
~ the wings. Speaking of gliding, II
means not only gliding but the angle
of the path the airplane takes when it
descends under the influence of gravity
alone. A plane usually glides by keep
Ink its nose fixed toward the horizon,
when IL will glide straightaway eight
miles for every mile II is above the
earth, or eight In one.
What Is an Airpiane?
An airplane Is a machine that de-
Ponds for support In the air on planes
or wings and the propelling power of
It's motors to keep IL there. overcoming
gravity and at the same time propel-
ling IL forward. An airship Is not an
airplane but a balloon, elongated,
somewhat ~cigar-shaped and provided
with a propelling system. car for pas
sengers, rudders and stabilizing sur
faces.
There are three kinds of airships.
the non-rigid. whose form or shape is
maintained by pressure of gas inside.
aided by pressure OF the cables and
ropes which hold the passenger car
underneath. Then there is the rigid
airship, or one having a stir wood or
metal framework inside the big gas
bag 10 hold its shape for II. The semi
rigid airship has a rigid metal or wood
en- keel or spine along Its under side.
which holds 1t partly IN shape. Bal
looms and airshlps have appendices.
too. The appendix Is q hose leading
from the bottom side of the gas bag to
the car and used for Initiating 1t, or. In
the ease Of the old-fnshioned spherical
balloon, like a big rubber ball, II serves
TO equalixe the gas pressure inside.
An aviator Is an operator or pilot Of
an airplane, or any heavier-than-air
craft. A balloon is a lighter-than-air
craft. The term aviator applies to
either a man or a woman who drives
a%irplanes. The term ~'fuselage' is COM
mon, yet not wholly understood. 1t is
the body Of the ai-plane. or the fabric
covered framework which holds the en-
CINE In front. the pilots seat and pas
senger area In the center between the
wings and then runs bnck to the tail.
dope" Used on Aircraft.
"The trail group Is general, and it
contains, besides the rudder or rub
lers, depending on the type of machine.
elevators In q horizontal position. n
on either side Of the rudder. and fins
} which are vertical TO the elevators and
are fixed. forming one plane with the
rudder when II IL In q natural position.
The controls are the wheel or stick
for use Of the pilot In guiding hts craft.
the same Nc the wheel Of an automobile
or the rudder bar OF Q boat. A control
/ has three uses, where in other vehicles.
such a. the motorcar or boat. only two
uses can be found for 1t. The reason
Il that aviators have to contend with
three dimensions. An auto or boat .
travel only backward or forward. or
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