Arizona republican., 1919-09-11

tries. Under the constitution of the United States, the congress alone has the power to declare war, and all bills l to raise revenue or affecting the rev enue in any way must originate in the house of representatives, be passed by the senate and receive the signature of the president. These constitutional rights of congress must not be impaired by any agreements such as are pre- scented in this treaty, nor can any op- ! portunity of charging the United States with bad faith be permitted American soldiers or sailors must be sent to fight in other lands at the bidding of the league of nations. American lives must not be sacrificed except by the will and command of the American people act ing through their constitutional repre- sentatives in congress.
 This reservation also covers the question of mandates. According to I the provision of the covenant of the league of nations, the acceptance of a mandate by any member is voluntary but as to who shall have authority to l refuse to accept a mandate for any country, ths covenant of the league is silent. The decision as to accepting a mandate must rest exclusively within the control of the congress of the Unit ed States, as the reservation provides l and must rot be delegated even by in ference, 70 any personal agent or to any delegate or any commissioner.
 Right of Self Determination
 "3-The United States reserves
 to itself exclusively the right to
 decide what questions are with
 in it's domestic jurisdiction and de-
 clares that all domestic and polit-
 cal questions relating to its affairs,
 including immigration, coastwise
 traffic and tariff, commerce and
 all other domestic questions are solely within the jurisdiction of the United States and are not under
 this treaty submitted in any way
 either to arbitration or the consid- eration of council or the assem-
 bly, of the league of nations. or to
 the decision or recommendation of any other power.'
 This reservation speaks for itself It is not necessary to follow out here all tortuous windings, which to those who have followed them through the labyrinth disclose the fact that the league, under certain conditions, wifi have power to pass upon and decide
 
 as well as the others mentioned in the reservation. It is believed by the com mittee that this reservation relieves the United States from any dangers o1 obligations in this direction.
 'The fourth and last reservation i: as follows:
 Preserve Monroe Doctrine
 "'The United States declines to
 submit for arbitration or inquiry
 by the assembly or the council of
 the league of nations provided for in said treaty of peace any ques- tions which in the judgment of the United States depend upon or relate to its long established policy, com nonly known as the Monroe Doc Urine; said doctrine is to be inter preted by the United States alone and is hereby declared to be wholly outside the jurisdiction of said league of nations and entirely un- affected by any provision contained in the said treaty of peace with Germany
 The purpose of this reservation i' clear. It is intended to preserve thu Monroe Doctrine from any interference or interpretation by foreign powers. A the Monroe Doctrine has protected the United States, so it is believed b. the committee will this reservation protect the Monroe Doctrine from tn destruction with which it is threatene' by article 21 in the covenant of tn | league and leave it, where it has alway been within the sole and complete con tro1 of the United States.
 This covenant of the league of na tions is an alliance and not league, al is amply shown by the provisions o the treaty with Germany, which vest all essential power in five great na tions. Those same nations, the princi pal allied and associated powers. als dominate the league through tn council
 "The committee believes that tn league as it stands will breed war instead of securing peace.
 1 Would Sacrifice Sovereignty They also believe that the covenan of the league demands sacrifices o American independence and sovereign ty which would in no way promote tn worlds peace but which are fraugh with the gravest dangers to the futur safety and well-being of the Unite States. The amendments and reserva tions alike are governed by a singl | purpose, and that is to guard Ameri can rights and American sovereignty the invasion of which would stimulat | breaches of faith, encourage conflict and generate wars. The United State can serve the cause of peace best, a she has served it in the past, and d more to secure liberty and civilization throughout the world by proceedin along the paths she has always fol lowed. and by not permitting hersel to be fettered by the dictates of othe nations or immersed and entangled i all the broils and conflicts of foreig countries.
 We have heard it frequently sai that the United States must do thi and do that in regard to this leagu of nations and the terms of the Ger man peace. There is no must abou it. Must is not a word to be use | by foreign nations or domestic off cials to the American people or thei representatives. Equally uniting the attempt to frighten the unthinkin by suggesting that if the senate adopt amendments or reservations the Unite States may be excluded from tn league. This is the one thing that cer tainly will not happen The other na tions know well that there is no threa | of retaliation possible with the un.o because we have asked nothing fo ourselves and have received nothing We seek no guarantees, no territor. no commercial benefits or advantages The other nations will take us on ou own terms, for without us their leagu is a wreck and all their gains from victorious peace are imperiled. W exact nothing selfish for ourselves bu