davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Educator Says Poorer Classes Are
Slowly Starving to Death

The poorer classes of thepahon are slowly starving to death without
realizing 1t, Prof. William F. Ogburn Of Columbia university testified
recently in the stock yards wage hearing before Federal Judge Alschuler
in Chicago. Professor Ogburn offered figures to show the vitality of
many of the present generation is SO low there is little hope for a third
generation.
What is the minimum wage necessary for the present generation to
assure a third generation? 2" he was asked.
"Not less than 81, $50 or $780," was the answer.
Professor Ogburn made his survey Of more than 1000 families in
every part OF the country and arrived at his conclusions after exhaustive
comparisons of living costs in Is typical cities. He was called as an
expert for the workers.
In the 1000 families it was discovered that the head of each house
bought a straw hat every three years for an average of $219 and one felt
hat every two years at an average of So 70. The minimum comfort wage
necessary to keep a family from suffering from slow starvation he fixed at
$1,000 to $4,000.
The minimum salary upon which the family Of five could barely
subsist is 81, $50 to 1000, compared to 1885 in October, 1918.
The average expenses of the 1000 families for entertainment was
Movies, $500; concerts, $109; newspapers, IS cents; postage, $165
magazines, 80 cents.
Professor Ogburn said the cost of living had increased 70 per cent
since the spring of 1917 and 8 per cent since June, 1919.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Saving of Fuel to Light
Coal Stove Fire at Top

Although a coal fire always burns
better, especially at the start, when
lighted from the bottom, it has been
found to be much more economical OF
coal if the paper and kindling wood are
placed above the coal, says Popular
Mechanics. A few small Goals and
cinders are spread over the top Of the
kindling wood to enable a coal ire TO
be started. After the top layer begins
to burn properly the fire will spread
slowly downward if the air draft is
right. This method secures the most
complete combustion because the gases
from the unburned coal at the bottom
must pass through the burning layer
at the top, and thus become completely
burned. 1t is admittedly harder TO
build and control this kind OF a nre,
but the saving in fdsl cften justihes
the extra trouble.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Persia First Country
to Discover the Secret
of Aromatic Substances

The first nation TO learn the secret
of aromatic substances was Persia,
says London Tit-Bits. The priests OF
Egypt were the only people who
studied science at that time, and
Egyptian perfumes achieved great
celebrity, especially those made in
Alexandria.
Reserved originally for religious
rites, perfumes subsequently became
Of current use among the wealthy
classes. During banquets they were
diffused through the halls and were
burned In %profusion.
The Israelites during their sojourn
in Egypt adopted the use of aromatic
substances, primarily for religious
and afterward for personal
usage. The Jews were fond of cos
metics and even used them to paint
the face.
All these perfumes were extracted
from essences of trees and various
plants. The Greeks, who loved ele-
gance, were especially addicted to the
use of perfumes, and they taught their
secrets and usage to the Romans. The
latter, in the days of their decadence,
went so far as to scent the coats Of
their dogs.
In the middle ages the Arabs, Vene-
tians, Genoese and Florentines be-
came famous for the preparation of
sweet smelling essences.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Less Wheat for
1920
Reduction in Acreage 10
Advocated

A reduction in winter wheat acreage
from that of last year, and to a pre-
war ive-year average is advocated
for farmers by the United States de-
partment Of agriculture in a bulletin
recently issued. 1t recommends that
an acreage of 100000 bushels win
ter wheat be seeded for the 1920 crop
and that text spring 100000 bushels
of spring wheat be seeded. Under nor
NAL conditions this would give a wheat
crop Of S30,O00,000 bushels. 1t would
be enough for normal consumption, and
give an exportable surplus Of 100000
600 bushels. A rye acreage of $780,
600 to 100000 bushels is advocated.
A crop of 70, 600 bushels would give
100000 bushels for consumption and
25,OO0,000 bushels for export.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Victor's Flag Is Always
Placed at Top of Mast.

Originally the practice of hosting
flags on public buildings only part Of
the way up the flagpoles was a military
one. Ever since flags were used in war
It has been the custom to have the
flag Of the superior or conquering ma
ton above that Of the inferior or van
quished. When an army found itself
hopelessly beaten 1t hauled its flag
down far enough for the victors' flag
to he placed above 1t on the same pole.
This was a token, not only Of submits
sion, but Of respect. In like manner
when a famous soldier died flags were
lowered not only to indicate respect to
his memory, but to show that he had
succumbed to the greatest %conqueror
Of aT-death. for which flag space was
left at the top Of the staff.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Origin of Jury System
Attributed to Peoples
of European Countries

The exact origin Of the jury system
is not known with certainty, it having
been attributed to different European
peoples which at an early period de
velOped methods Of trial somewhat
similar to the early jury trials in Eng
land. Trial by battle was cast in the
background by the Norman conquer
orS when the Norman institution of
recognition by sworn inquest was
adopted. The Curia Regis, or Kings
court, directed the sheriff to select
four knights Of the county by whom
- knights were selected TO serve as
recognitors. After being duly sworn
they inquired into the facts Of inter
est to the new rulers of England which.
might be subject TO public inquiry,
such as matters affecting taxation.
SuitOrS in cases affecting the title
of real estate. a. early rs the reign
of Henry III, 1854 to 1889, applied to
the kings court for r~ecognitors whose
as conclusive.
Originally the jury was selected be-
cause of their knowledge of the peo-
pie. locality and customs and thereby
passing upon the facts from a more
intimate knowledge Of them. During
the reign of Henry ", the jury was
instructed to judge the facts upon the
evidence submitted TO it, which is the
single function of the jury of modern
practicc.-Kansas City Star.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
United States Leads All
Other Nations of World
in Production Of Ships

Steamships under the American flag
now comprise 24.S per cent Of the
steam tonnage of the world, the United
states shipping board announced.
To-day this nation has more ship
workers. more shipyards, more ship
ways, more vessels under construc-
ton, and is turning them out more
rapidly and i'm greater number than
now issue from all the shipyards Of
all the world" the statement says.
up to the outbreak of the var we
had only Is vessels of 1000 tons and
over in overseas trade. Today the
American flag floats from 1880 ocean
going steamships, 1,1O7 Of which have
been built within the last two years.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Victory, dead Sea Fruit
Defeat Spells Disgrace

Leaving baseball, football and box
ing aside there is NJ longer a great
disparity between woman's and mans
athletic proves. But whether the
oma should be permitted to compete
with the men in the golf, tennis, shoot
ing and other championships is debat.
able ground. If the men oppose 1t
one can hardly blame them, for it must
be years before victory over a woman
will be regarded as anything but
Dead sea fruit" and defeat as any.
thing but a disgrace.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
United States Total War
Casualties Reach 322,182.

The cost of the war to the United
States in man power is now estimated
officially as 1892 dead and 2O5, 800
wounded, a total Of 322,182. These
figures include losses to army and ma
rine units on all fronts to September
1. Killed in action totaled 1855, or
IL per cent Of the entire list; died of
wounds, 14,742; died of disease, 3d.
O73; died of accidents and other caus-
es, S,092. Under the head Of missing
the announcement records a zero with
the notation "all corrected"
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
NA: Mlef~slQ
CURFEW

Solemnly. mournfully,
Dealing it's dole,
The Curfew Bell
Is beginning to toll.
Cover the embers,
And put out the light;
Toll comes with the mornin.
And rest with the night.
Dark grow the windows,
And quenched is the IRE;
Sound fades into silence
All footsteps retire.
No voice in tn chambers,
No sound in the hall!
Sleep and oblivion
Reign over all!
The book il completed,
And closed, like the day;
And the hand hat has written Il
Lays 1t away.
Dim grow It's fancies;
Forgotten they lie;
Like coal in the ashes,
They darken and die.
Song sinks into silence,
The story Is told;
The windows are darkened,
The ~hearthstone Is cold.
Darker and darker
The black shadows fall:
Sleep and oblivion
Reign over all.
-Longfellow.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
OF GENERAL INTEREST

Attachments have been pat
ented that permit the use Of anti
skid chains on automobiles US
ing disk wheels.
Most Of the women in Japan
smoke, the girls beginning the
practice when they are about ten
years of age.
France is making extensive use
OF portable power plants up to
90 horsepower that use crude
oil for fuel.
A tray which can be clamped
to the bottom Of a strip jar to
catch its dripping Is a household
novelty.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
BRIEF AND BREEZY

The dreamer would be all
right if his appetite didn't get
busy and wake him up.
A girl doesn't like the idea Of
working for a living unless she
is married to a shiftless man.
The usual order Of things
reversed In matrimonial warfare.
First comes the surrender, then
the engagement, and last, but not
least, the call to arms.
The procrastinating man is
ever struggling with ruin.-Hes-
ford.
To wait patiently men must
also work cheerfully.-Samuel
Smiles.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Check Gave Him Nightmare.

"Do you think
that the things
you eat influence
your dreams?"
Undoubtedly
ate a sirloin steak
the other evening
a n d a m g d
about bankruptcy
all night"
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
The SideIights.

The great events are peaks in the
mountain ranges Of time, that leave
little to the imagination. Literature
thrives by the streams of legend and
glory that run down from them and
by the lanes and roads of emotion, as
piration, passion and endeavor that
lead up to them. The sidelights and
side issues and every day events made
literature, as they made life itself
Christian Herald.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Marriage Insurance.

With the object Of stimulating mar
riage England has a marriage insur-
nce scheme by which the family wilt
receive $500 In the event of the
death of the husband. Or the same sum
Will DE paid at the end Of ~ years IT
the husband still lives.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
The 1919 Potato Crop.

Commercial potato crop this year,
as estimated by the government re.
port, is 12S,518 cars of 700 bushels
each that are expected to be shipped
from leading producing sections. Last
year there were 146,04S cars. Crop
iD large eastern states is nearly equal
TO last year.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
First Finger-Print Society.

The First National Scientific Regis
tration society for registering finger
prints Of criminals was organized in
1917, in New York, "for the protec-
ton Of life and property"
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Doesn't Pay.

Hobbs Your
debts don't seen
to worry you.
Dobbs-NO; If
I look worried 1t
worries my cred
itors, and then
they worry me
into worrying q
lot more.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Homes for Confederates.

There are Confederate soldiers
homes at Atlanta, Ga; Austin, Tex. I;
Beauvoir. Miss; Columbia, s. c.;
Hermitage, Tenn; Higginsville, Mo.
Jacksonville, Fla; Little Rock, Ark.
Mountain Creek, Ala; New Orleans
La; Pewee Valley, KY; Pikesville
Md; Raleigh, N. O.; Richmond, Va,
and Washington, d. @.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Onion Production.

Commercial onion production in the
United States this year, as estimated
by the government report, is 21,569
cars, against 17,124 cars last year.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Use Skins and Seeds.

italian amer are now utilizing the
skins and seeds Of tomatoes, the for
mer for stock food and the latter for
oil, in it's crude form. for soap and
illumination and when refined for table
use.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Well. Even That VIII Help.

"They say food is going to be cheap
pretty soon," remarked the hopeful
chap.
mo" said the man who loves to
look on the dark side; sit isn't going
to be cheap--it will merely seem cheap
by comparison"
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
IT Is TO LAUGH

Interesting Item.
"1'm afraid Clubleigh doesn't keep
up with international politics."
"How is that?'
81 asked him what was the latest
news from Italy and he said the res
taurateurs of Rome were charging
$1S a bottle for champagne"
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Who's Afraid?

Who's Afraid?
"Were you afraid, dearie, while ]
was detained DOWNTOWN"
II wasn't exactly afraid"
81 was afraid you'd be afraid"
"And / was afraid you'd be afraid
I'd be afraid, so / tried not to be
afraid"
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Military Tactics.

Mother-Do you want any macaroni
for dinner?
Returned Soldier-No, thanks, it's
too hard to mobillze.-New York Trib'
une.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Daily Thought.

Out of the book of natures learned
breast.--DuBartaS.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Potato Soup.

Cook three potatoes until soft. Scald
n pint of milk with two slices Of onion
In a double boiler. Beat the potatoes
with a wire masher, add the hot milk.
Cook together one tablespoonful Of
flour, a teaspoonful of salt. a few
dashes Of white pepper, celery, salt and
a tablespoonful Of butter; add to the
milk and potatoes and garnish with
two t~easpoonfuls Of chopped parsley
just before serving.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Rice Soup.

Cook a slice of onion In a cupful Of
hot milk, add one and one-half cup
fuls of rice water saved from cook
ing rice, thicken with a tablespoonful
Of butter and flour cooked together !;
season with salt and pepper; add the
milk and rice water and serve gar
nished with chopped parsley.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Cream OF Tomato Soup.

Many housewives put up tomatoes
especially for soup, straining them to
emove the seeds. In a saucepan melt
three tablespoonfuls of butter, add
three and one-half tablespoonfuls Of
-four, stir and blend, then add two cup
fuls of strained tomatoes, a fourth Of
a teaSpoonful Of soda, a t~easpoonful Of
salt, m teaspoonful of chopped onion.
Cook five minutes and then add one
and one-half cupfuls of hot milk.
Serve hot with toasted bread.
Whipped cream adds greatly to the
soup. using a spoonful on top Of each
cupful as served.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Cream Of Pea Soup.

cooked green peas, add a quart Of
milk, a bay leaf, and a teaspoonful Of
onion Juice. Melt two tablespoonful
Of butter, add two tab~lespoonfuls of
-four and when well cooked add to the
first mixture. Remove the bay leaf,
season and serve.
Any vegetables from carrots to tur-
nips may be served in a cream soup.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Milk Scum.

A soup that is very satisfactory, and
n which may be prepared in a few
minutes is canned pea soup mixed
with a a Of condensed milk. The
combination seems especially pleasing.
The frugal housewife keeps q goodly
supply of all kinds of canned soup,
which may be put up at home OR
bought at the grocery.
The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1919-10-24
Mothers Cook Book

IT Is not what a man gets but what a
man Is that he should think of. He should
first think of his character and then of
his condition. He that has character need
have no fear OF his condition. Character
will draw condition after it.
Arizona republican., 1919-11-23
DUE
 RERE TRIs WEEK

The Cleveland Six is to make a des cent on Phoenix this week in the shape of an entire car load. This in ieself is not much of a sensation, but the fact that included in that car load is the first wire wheeled roadster to make it's appearance here, is cause for much jubilation at the home of the W. E. Gardner Co., state distributors for the Cleveland.
 The wire wheeled roadster put out by the Cleveland people has caused great sensation in the east. The demand for them has been so great that it has been impossible to get very many west of the Mississippi. This is the first time the Gardner company has been able to get an order for one filled.
 It will be put on the show room floor on West Washington street for as long as some anxious customer will allow it to remain. The Gardner company is just as anxious to see it as are the many Cleveland enthus- lasts here, and it is expected that it will be the center of interest along the Washington street automobile row.
 In addition to the car load Of Cleve- lands there vii be three car loads of Chandlers arrive in Phoenix during the week.
Arizona republican., 1919-11-23
OAKLAND LOOKED NEW BUT II HAD COME FROM EAST

It looked like a new car. It sounded like a new car but it wasn't. J. c. Winter who drove the Oakland Sedan here from New York, said it was bet ter than a new car, but yet it could hardly be placed in that class.
 When the Oakland drove up at the Oakland Arizona Sales company, it was thought that possibly it had been driven over from the coast, but not even the most enthusiastic Oakland sales man could have imagined it had just arrived overland from New York. But it had.
 Mir. Winter made the trip the entire way on the same set of tires with which he left the east. Even the mountain roads of Colorado, did not bother his car, and when he struck the deserts of Arizona he had no more trouble than when in the east
 After the car had been washed and denuded of a small amount of desert dust, it looked as if it had just left the factory. It will remain in Phoe- nix all winter and probably make the return trip to the east in the spring Three people made the trip in the car in addition to which a large amount | of baggage was carried.
Arizona republican., 1919-11-23
FEDERAL TRUCK
 TO BE USED BY
 GLOBE CONP ANY

After watching the performance of the Federal truck driven by "Alabam" on the Apache Trail for To these many months and after ascertaining that not bit of trouble has been encountered, the American Ore 2 Asbestos company of Globe, appeared at the George H. Reuben company's salesroom yester- day and acquired the Federal chassis which made such a sensation at the automobile show.
 The chassis is painted white throughout and adds to the attraction of the machine to a great extent It will be the policy of the Reuben com pany hereafter to paint all Federal chissis white.
 The hauling which the company will use the Federal for, is said to be the most difficult in the world. The truck will be used on 45 per cent grade. Carrying load up grade of that sort is no mean job and will put the ma chine to almost as severe a test as that to which it is being put daily on the Apache Trail.
Arizona republican., 1919-11-23
NEW OVERLAND IS
 AVAILABLE AFTER
 LONG WEARY WAIT

The new -Overland f." which has been in the course of development for nearly three years, is now available for early delivery.
 These days. new models of various kinds are frequently announced" said MT. Hotchkiss president of the Over land Arizona company. But the words new models are in themselves mean ingless unless they convey a message indicating unusual and real progress"
 We make the statement without fear of contradiction that, in our Overland 4s we have produced a car that is the greatest improvement in automobile building since the invention of pneumatic tires.
 The new spring suspension, called diagonal three point suspension springs make for comfort and easy riding. a quality that is not obtainable in any other light car on the market. These springs and body are an entirely new principle in automobile construction. They are attached to the center of the front and rear frame members, 15 inches back of the rear axle and Is inches ahead of the front axle, thus providing 13O inch spring base.
 The Overland 4 is among the light weight cars on the American market weighing only approximately 1900 pounds ready for the road. This car hes had probably more preliminary tests than any automobile ever placed on the American market. In fact, the actual road test given this car be- fore production amounted to more than 250,000 miles and in this test it's gasoline and tire mileage were really remarkable. It has a very powerful motor. and, conforming to the princi- pals of motor car construction em- ployed by the Willys- Overland com- pany, its materials and construction are the very best obtainable.
 Tn more than eight years experi- ence in the motor car industry, we have more thrilled orders booked for this little car than has ever been our priyi- lege,to enjoy We really believe that this little car Is going to be epoch making in that its comfort, cost of maintenance, facility of repair and service. are such as will make it the standard family car in the years to come"
Arizona republican., 1919-11-23
AVERY C0N|P ANY
 ADDS TO LINES

The Avery company. manufacturers of Avery tractors and motor farming tools, with factories at Peoria, Illinois, has made a number of important ad- ditions to it's line of power farming equipment and placed itself in posi- ton to offer, in addition to a large va riety of tractors, practically complete line of tractor-drawn and tractor driven machines, according to Ernest G. Coan, advertising manager of Pratt Gilbert company, western distributors of Avery equipment.
 To the previous line of seven sizes of tractors with four cylinder motors, the company has added new 6-cylin- der light weight machine of design similar to the 5-10.
 To the thresher line, which has heretofore consisted of five different sizes, the company has added a new in- dividual size with a 22-inch cylinder and 32-inch rear, carrying Hyatt roller bearings throughout.
 The 4-eylinder two-row motor cul- tivator planter, which has had such a