The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-07

sense territorial annexation. Its resti-
tuition to France would therefore satisfy,
instead of violating. the moral sense of
the world.
''The disposal Of these colonies should
De decided on the principles which Presi-
dent Wilson has laid down in the fifth
OF his celebrated fourteen points.
Il restrict the following general rec
Communication to the peoples and territor-
les formerly belonging to Russia, Austria
and Turkey:
"(3) These principles are: Firstly,
that there shall be no annexation Of any
OF these territories to any Of the vic
torious Powers, and secondly, that in
the future government of these territor-
les and peoples the rule OF self-determi-
nation. or the consent OF the governed to
their form of government, shall be fairly
and reasonably applied.
Problem. OF Government.
I'm the third place. there will be
found cases where. owing chiefly to the
heterogeneous character OF the popula-
ton and their incapacity for administra-
tive cooperation, autonomy in any real
sense would be out OF the question, and
dertaken to a very large extent by some
external authority. This would be the
case. at any rate for some time to come.
| In Palestine. where the administrative
=, cooperation of the Jewish minority and
| Arab majority would not be forthcom-
| ing; and In the Armenian vilayets, where
| Armenian. Turkish and Kurdish popula-
lions coexist in historic enmity. and even
the policing OF the country would have
to be undertaken by some external au-
thority.
where the assistance and control OF an
external authority b necessary to sup
plement the local autonomy OF the ter
| ritories In question, that external au-
thority should be the League OF Nations
In accordance with the second PROPOSE
ton above"
| Gen. SHUTS recommends:
go That any authority. control. o.
administration which may be necessar,
in respect Of these territories and PEG.
| pies, other than their own self-deter.
mined autonomy. shall be the exclusive
function OF all and shah be vested ir
the League Of Nations and exercised BY
or on behalf Of It
! "Joint International administration, ir
| 30 far as 1t has been applied to terri
| tories or peoples, has been found want
ing wherever 1t has been tried. TIT
league may make experiments in som,
moro or less favorable cases in orde,
to gain experience. but further I woult
not advise It to 60 at the beginning
Where an autonomous people Of terri
tory requires measure Of administra
tive assistance. advice. or control, tn
league should as a rule meet the cas-
not by the direct appointment OF inter
national officers, but by nominating
particular state to act for and on behal
OF Il in the matter. SO that, subject I,
this supervision and ultimate control o
the league. the appointment OF the nee
essary officials and the carrying on o
the necessary administration should b
done by this mandatory state"
Several Recommendation
Gen. SHUTS sums UP his discussion
| OF these points in the following recon-
mendations:
"t5) That it shall be lawful for tn
League OF Nations to delegate It's au
thority. control or administration in re
spect OF any people or territory to som
other state whom it may oppoint as It
agent or mandatory. but that wheneve
possible the agent or mandatory 81 az
pointed ehall be nominated or approve
= by the autonomous people or territory.
"(6) That the degree Of authority
, control. or administration exercised b
the mandatory state shall in each cas-
. be laid down by the league in a specie
act Or charter. which shall reserve t
1t complete power Of ultimate contrc
> and supervision, as we'll as the right I
, appeal to It from the territory or pee
, Pile affected against any gross breac
!, of the mandate by the mandatory stat
"(7) That the mandatory state sha
|, In each case be bound to maintain tn
, policy Of tho open door. or equal eco
nomic opportunity for all. and shall forr
, no military forces beyond the etandar
laid down by the league for purposes {
\ internal police"
In order to entrench peace in the ne
political system OF Europe it is recon
mended
"(S) That no new State arising froi
= the old empires be recognized or admitte
into the league unless on condition ths
q It's military forces and ornaments sha
conform to a standard laid down by ii
G league in respect OF Il from time I
e time.
"(9) That, as the successor to the en-
Z pires, the League Of Nations will directl
q