davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

tunities of prosperity and liberty so long
denied them, alike by their Turkish masters
and by the rival jealousies of the great
powers, in their own hands.
Apart from the problem of Constantinople
there remains only the question of Albania
to be settled. To-day this is less difficult
than it was when the Conference of London
wrestled with it in 1912 and the peace of Eu-
rope hung upon the ultimate agreement of
rival alliances over the ultimate disposition
of Ipek and Jacova.
There is an Albanian race, but there is no
Albanian nation, and there never has been.
The Albanians inhabit the shore of the
Adriatic, from Montenegro to Epirus. But
they are divided by religion into three sep
arate groups, the Mahometans, the Roman
Catholics and the Greek Catholics. The
Roman Catholics in the north have been
long manipulated by the Austrians, who
sought to use them to block the Serb road
way to the sea- The Mahometans, in the
certre have supplied the Turk with his best
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12
Where American
Sympathy Lies

have said and | repeat that this problem
of the Adriatic, with that of the 4Egean
ADDED is the most troublesome of the
material questions to be settled at Yer
sailles; only the Polish complications are
comparable in potential obstacles. AS il
stands, Italian aspirations contemplate doing
violence to the legitimate ambitions of two
small peoples, the Southern Slavs and the
Greeks Behind the Italian purposes lies
the sanction of France, Britain and Russia
which was given at the critical hour when
1t was necessary to pay any price to per
suade Italy to enlist. But however the
governments may be bound, it is clear that
both the British and the French people
strongly oppose the Italian demands and
rely upon the United States, which is not
bound by any pledge to Italy but by every
pledge made to her own people and the
world.
If Dalmatia falls to Italy in whole or in
part, II Italy insists upon the possession OF
Flume and of Cattaro, if she prevents Greece
from reganing Epirus and reoccupying
Rhodes and the other Egean Islands then
there is beginning of new eastern ques-
ton Neither the Greeks nor the Slavs will
ever accept final such solution AS the
Southern Slav state grows strong, and it
will, the peril of conflict will increase and
Italy in selfdefence will be led to intrigue
with the Bugars and, perhaps, with the
Russians seeking to gain allies against the
Slavs and the Greeks. Then at no distant
time we shall the old disease breaking
out again.
The true solution lies in the sacrifice by
Italy of aspirations inconsistent with the
new period aspirations fraught with evil
consequences, requiring large armies and a
strong fleet to vindicate. and certain to be
submitted to new decision of arms at the
hrst opportunity. American sympathy with
Italy is very keen; we shall have many OPP
portunities in the future to serve the
Italians, who will have real need of our
assistance financially and otherwise in re-
gaining lost prosperity, but it should be
perfectly plain to the Italian statesmen, as
it is becoming plain to the Italian people,
that American sympathy in the present dis
pute is with the Slavs and Greeks and not
with the Italians.
1t only the eastern question can be set
tied in accordance with right and Justice:
If the Rumanans, the Southern Slavs and
the Greeks can have their rights recog-
nized; if Constantnople can be placed under
international control and Bulgaria at last
removed as a breeding place of war and
revenge, then there will be sound reason
Tor hoping that the peace Of Versailles will
endure. But if the spirit of Vienna and Of
Berlin is again manifested, if the Greeks
and the Southern Slavs are sacrificed rs
the Poles were sacrificed with the Italians
at Vienna and the Rumanians, Bulgars and
Greeks at~Berin, then will there be endur-
ing cause for disappointment.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12
SOIaCe for Frustrated
Bulgarian Hopes

What the geographical limits of such
state would be remains problematical. 1t
might be wise to permit Bulgaria to re-
occupy Adrianople and return to the Enos-
Mldla line, thus finding some solace for the
termination of her hopes in Macedonia
Europe accepted such solution after the
hrst Balkan War, but Bulgaria threw away
her gains when she risked the second and
Turkey took advantage of Bulgarian defeat
to return to her lost citadel.
Gallipoli, on the northern shore, with its
evl! memories. will have to be included in
the new international state, as we'll as the
whole Asiatic shore, from the Black Sea to
the Plain of Troy, with one or two of the
small islands near the mouth of the OAR
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12
Italian
Aspirations

Two weeks ago | pointed out the clash
between the Slavs and the Italians over
the Dalnatian coast. 1t viii be seen that
in the Lower Adriatic and the A1gean it is
the Greeks who have reason, and just
reason, to complain of Italian imperialistc
aspirations. One must sincerely hope
that Italy will not too much urge claims
which do violence to her own history and
her own aspirations, expressed in half
a century of longing for Trieste and the
Trentino. If she earns the lasting hos
tility of both the Southern Slavs and tho
Greeks she will lay up trouble for herself
and for Europe which can hardly be
aggerated.
At this point | should like to correct an
error in one Of the previous articles, which
gave cause to certain friendly criticism
in Serb and Jugo-Slav quarters There are,
as then pointed out, three separate state
ments which affect the Jugo-Slav and Ital-
ian dispute. The first is the agreement
between Italy and her allies, France, Brit
ain and Russia, which preceded Italian en-
trance into the war This assigned to
Italy substantially the territory she has
occupied as a result of the terms of.>the
armistice, and included Northern Dalmatia
This agreement was never accepted by
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12
Also the Slavs, Greeks and Italians
Need To Be Made a Happy
Family r.

and most trusted soldiers until very recent
years. The Greeks on the south have been
divided between Hellenic and Italian SYM
pathes.
Albania, as created in 1912, was nothing
more than makeshift. Austria wanted to
keep the Serbs from the sea; Italy wanted
to curb Greek aspirations in Epirus;
France, Britain and Russia, although in
sympathy with the Serbs and the Greeks.
were unwilling to fight to permit them to
realize their ambitions, and Germany, al
though standing behind Austria and Italy,
was not yet ready to have the World War
break and therefore seconded Sir Edward
Grey in his effort to find a compromise
This compromise was the ridiculous state
of Albania, which had for Brief time as it's
ruler William of Weld, who latterly had his
capital on an Austrian warship and
promptly disappeared as the World War
began.
Serbia and Greece had agreed to divide
Albania, the portion north of the Skumbi
to be Serb, the portion south to be Greek
But to-day Serbia is less interested in the
Albanian problem, since as a portion of
Jugo-Slavia she is assured of an outlet on
the sea. Unquestionably the old Serb
claim to Scutari will be pressed Probably
the Serbs will ask that the valley of the
Drin be the northern frontier Of Albania,
instead of the eccentric frontiers traced at
London, but this is relatively minor
point.
To the south the difficulty is larger
Italy desires to organize all of Albania as
a protectorate. This desire may be re-
allied at Versailles, but having this pur-
possible, and she is insisting on retaining
for it Northern Epirus, which is Greek, de-
sires to join New Greece and was happy
in Hellenic existence in the present war,
before Constantine chose the German
course and wellnigh ruined his nation
At Valona, in Albania, which faces
Brindisi and overlooks the Straits of
Otranto, Italy plans to erect a great naval
post which will, in reality, be the Gil
braltar of the Adriatic. In doing this she
wishes to push Greek frontiers as far away
from this naval port as possible. This is
the practical reason for her demand that
the Greeks abandon their claims to North
ern Epirus. But the demand is unreason-
able, and it is to be hoped that it will not
be honored at Versailles Afgyrocastro,
TIA, these towns, wholly Greek in SYM
pathy, should be returned To- the new
Hellas.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

of Asia Minor. But these Italian efforts de-
serve complete defeat. 1t would be crime
to give Sardinia and Sicily to Spain or to
Britain, just as it was crime to deprive
Italy of Trieste and the Trentino There is
nothing that can be said for Italy with re-
spect to her Irredenta that cannot be said
with equal emphasis for Greece in her lire
denta.
There remains the third solution. that of
international control, and believe this will
be the solution adjusted. But even here the
task will not be easy. International control
has never ltroved happy. 1t was failure
wherever tried in Turkey; it can succeed
now only if theraei new spirit in the
world and new atmosphere of trust between
the nations. But if the Eastern question
could be settled by the occupation and adj
ministration of Constantinople by some in
ternal force, then there would be an end of
the plottings and strivings of the various
nations to control this waterway, the outlet
OF Russia and Eumania, perhaps the most
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

new state with ancient memories would
avoid the great perils which must come to
any small country holding the gateway by
which large states would advance. The
history of Belgium is, perhaps, the best ar
gument against Greek possession OF Con-
stantinople at the present time. But the
Greek claim may be placed on file, and it is
far from improbable That in due sime the
inheritance may return to the Hellenes
international control of Constantinople and
the Straits is, then, the single sound solution
of the Eastern question. With Rumania, the
Jugo-Slavs and the Bulgarians, as well as
the Greeks, finally arranged within boun-
DIARIES which are based upon right and JUS
tlce; with Bulgaria, the one disturbing fac
tor, finally eliminated as a factor for harm,
since she will no longer be able to meet
any one of the other states in single combat.
the Eastern question may disappear and the
unhappy people of the Balkans at last. af-
ter centuries of suffering, be able to begin
a new life, possessing at least the oppor-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

der Colonel Roosevelt from 1895 to 1897.
One of them is Edward j, Bourke, police
captain in charge of the Arsenal station in
Central Park, who also was with the leader
of the Rough Riders in the Spanish-Ameri
can war.
1t was to Colonel Roosevelt that Captain
Bcurke owes his first promotion, for it was
just six weeks after he joined the force that
ne arrested Mike Callahan, the notorious
Chinatown dive keeper, who boosted pull
with the politicians and to be "immune from
aSrest." 1t for violation of the ex-
else lava and it was predicted that Bourke
would be dismissed, but upon Callahan's
conviction he was promoted.
Colonel Roosevelt was the very highest
type American and he embraced the highest
standard of manhood" Captain Bourke said
IF man was straightforward brave and
manly in his actions with others he was
Roosevelt's personal friend, and no knocks
could alter his opinion"
AS Police Commissioner, Mr. Roosevelt
strolled the streets of Manhattan late into
the night getting evidence of undutiful po-
licemen first handed. He antagonized
Jimmy" Wakely, then a powerful prizefeht
hacker and saloonkeeper, who had been led
to believe the excise laws did not apply to
the WakelyS"place of business" He made
police station speeches to his men, who, for
the first time, heard superior tell them
that merit and not Tammany pull would re-
suit in promotion.
"Tom" Byrnes, famed as detective
throughout the land, was chief of police at
that time. Roosevelt believed that his re-
form plan should begin at the top, so he de-
cided that the great "Tom' Byrnes should
60, and the whole city was startled at the
audacity of the idea; but "Fom" Byrncs
went.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

Turk, with the creation of new Armenia
when Will draw to it the Armenians of Con-
stantlnople, will leave the Greeks masters
OF the situation, despite the fact that thew
are cltlzens of an internationaiized state.
IN all human probability the ultimate fate
OF Constantinople will be to become part
Oh new Greek world; it is not an idle
dream TO imagine that there will be rand
ana enormous Hellenic renaissance. when
oo1h SIDES of the Egeans and all the islands
are Joined to that Greek state which has
already pushed far north in the Balkan
PENINSULA retaining much of the Mace
oonla OF Alexander the Great. A few wears
oi peace and the Greeks will do the rest:
'ney are the traders of the region; they have
the commercial aptitudes and the traditional
mastery of this market, and even under the
lurk they have retained it.
inns is what the Italians perceive and
inns is the explanation of the Italian effort
10 curp Greek aspirations on all sides-;n
the Epirus, in the Egean, on the mainland
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

the Slavs. 1t was made over their heads
and against their rights and interests. In
refusing to accept it now, they do. they
are not repudiating an agreement made by
them. but one which disposed of their
lands and peoples without their consent or
agreement. Certainly such an agreement
can have no binding force for the United
States, and it does violence to all the prin-
ciples expressed in President Wilson's
many utteranccs.
is that of Corfu, made between the various
tribes of the Jugo-Slavs and arranging for
an association between these tribes. includ-
ing the Serbs of Montenegro and Serbia
This is the basis for the new Jugo-Slavic
state, which has been constructed in very
recent days. But this agreement did not
surrender any of the Slav claims to Adriatic
coast lands.
Finally, there is Delphc utterance at
Rome last spring which committed Italy to
nothing but sympathy with the Slav aspirs-
tion for united nation and to a rather
indefinite recognition of the principle of
self2determination and the claims of race
and language in settling the disputes be-
tween Italians and Slavs. But this was, as
my Slav friends point out, purely platonic,
and has not yet been embodied in any
definite document, nor has the concession
made in Language been made in fact as yet
by the Italian government
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12
By William M. Myers
<<"VHEoDORE ROOSEVELT was a
~ born policeman"
Captain William B. Sullivan,

Captain William B. Sullivan,
now in command of the Gates
Avenue police station, in Brooklyn, who was
his bodyguard during the time the Colonel
was Police Commissioner, will attest to that,
for the first thing Sullivan said after he re-
covered from the shock Of Mr.. Roosevelt's
death was: "There wasn't man in the de-
partment he didn't know by name
"He used to call me Sullivan when | was
attached to Headquarters back in '96. When
he went to Albany to become Governor
said to myself: I'm losing a mighty good
friend because figured naturally he'd for
get all about me.
"Well, the years passed along pretty fast
when one night got orders to do patrol duty
up at Madison Square Garden was pacing
up and down the street when l spicd a lin
CUISINE standing outside the main entrance
There were men in plain clothes all around
it, but / knew Roosevelt was going to be
there, and I sure did want to get look at
him. The fact that / was in uniform al
lowed me to go right up to the car don't
suppose had any right to do it, but just
tapped on the window lightly. The Governor
turned about, smiled and lcaped out Of the
car.
"'Well, Sullivan he shouted, almost JOY
ousIy, as he put his arms around my neck
when l see you l think am back on the
cops"
That WAS q good many years ago, but
Captain Sullivan will never forget.
"That's why / say Roosevelt was born
policeman. lie remembered me the same as
he remembered everybody else and often
calfed them bv their fret Names Any one
who cyar met him and knew him was his
lifelong friend.
During political campaigns he used to 90
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

York State to enter examinations for men,
bershlp on the force. He tested them Sc
verely, asking them questions on history
and geography. One of them was to name
five states west of the Mississippi, giving
the capitals. Another was to name five con-
secutive Presidents.
lie had a remarkable shochy system and
often did sleuthing on his own account. He
made drastic rules to enforce the excise
laws and on many Sundays he used the en-
tire Police Department in his work by pac-
ing a uniformed man in front of the door
of every saloon.
II always admired Mr.. Roosevelt greatly,
and his sudden and unexpected death was
indeed a severe sorrow to me-"
Lieutenant William Fogarty, now stationed
at the Borough Hall station in Brooklyn,
was appointed by Mr.. Roosevelt in 1896
whenever Roosevelt went about the city
on official business l was one of the detail
to guard him. One thing remember that
stands out-he never failed to shake the
hands of the engineers of the trains upon
which he travelled. Some time these men
would hang their heads as they looked at
their grimy fingers, but Mr.. Roosevelt never
hesitated, and gave the grease and all a
hearty grip.
"Hc sure did like the kddies. / was in a
detail that escorted him from Oyster Bay to
the town of Huntington, l.. L., when the peo-
pie there celebrated the 200th anniversary
Of the founding of the town. The whole
Roosevelt family came over from Sycamore
HILL Mr.. Roosevelt was scheduled to make
the speech of the day. Well, when we
reached Huntington hundreds of little chill
dren Of the town greeted him in body.
guess he forgot everything else, for he cud-
died, mingled and joked with those kids for
an hour, it seemed"
There are few remaining Of the staff I'M
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12
Roosevelt AS His Police CantainS Saw Hin

down in his automobile to the docks to talk
with the longshoremen. He'd get out of the
car and go right down among them on the
pier Many of them who knew him would
go up to him and greet him and he would
say, Hello, Pete, or Bill and in few min
utes he would have a record breaking meet
ing under way"
Through all the years that Mr.. Roosevelt
was Police Commissioner. Governor and
President Billy Sullivan acted as his body
guard whenever the Colonel was in New
York.
owe used to have the greatest political
meetings ever held in the city. AS many as
eight hundred reporters were after him
every minute, and he never travelled unless
there were four five hundred automobiles
in the party. He didn't care what he said
about his opponent if he was right, and,
believe me, was always glad when ! got
him back home. Once or twice there
excitement in the crowds when he spoke,
but we always cleaned the disturbers up in
quick order"
Sullivan Tor many years was also Mr.
Roosevet's confidential man. HE did de-
tective work for him during his administra-
ton as Police Commissioner when Roosevelt
was attacked as the "Police Gear" for his
activity in recognizing the department.
which was filled with petty jealouses and
graft.
But it is not only Billy Sullivan in the
Police Department who mourns the death of
the ex-Commissioner Richard E. Enright,
the present department head, is another
who feels the loss kccny, for it was Mr..
Roosevelt who appointed Mr.. Enright to the
force.
Former Commissioner Roosevelt a
wonderful man." he said. "IIc was the first
Commissioner to inaugurate strict civil
service examination, and sent letters broad
cast requesting 1000 men throughout New
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

Peter Conlln, who was acting chief was
promoted to Byrnes's job, and for a year did
Roosevelt's bidding. But the new chief
fnally grew headstrong and Mr.. Roosevelt
found himself unable to make rewards as
he had promised or to punish where he had
threatened
Policemen were growing rich by protect
ing saloonkeepers who steadily broke the
Sunday excise laws, and despite the protest
4rom his friends that he/was threatening
his own future career, out came the Roose-
Welt dictum-that every saloon must be
closed tight from Saturday night to Monday
morning.
Cries of anguish arose everywhere. There
was temporary setback to the Roosevelt
idea. Chief Conin seized the chance to be
with the crowd and defed the Commits
sioner. But in the meanwhile Sunday drink
ing had been cut down 40 per cens
At the height of his unpopularity mon.
ster parade was organized to show New
York's disgust with his policy. In some
way or another he received an invitation to
sit on the reviewing stand, and he was there
In front seat bright and early AS the
paraders passed by loud-mouthed German
yelled:
Nun, wo list der ROOSEVELT" ("Where is
Roosevelt now?")
"Hier bin ich. Was Whilst du, kamcrad ~
("Here am. What do you want, comrade ?")
The German stopped, then smiled.
"Hurrah for Roosevelt" he shouted in
good English, and those who came to scoff
remained to cheer.
But the Gibraltar was too strong in those
days even for a regiment of Roosevelts. He
resigned from the department. on April II,
1897 to accept an appointment from the Me-
kinlcy administration as Assistant Secre-
tary of the Navy
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12
Albania a Field
For Italian Effort

In Albania Italy can find wide field
for her effort. She has Albanians among
her own subjects at home; in gaining Va
Iona she will establish her mastery of the
Adriatic; under her wise direction the old
prosperity of Illyria may return. Albanian
protest against the Italian protectorate will
hardly gain hearing, since there is not
and never has been the slightest chance
that the Albanans, divided into rival tribes
and living life of tribal barbarism. with
their vendettas and grudges. could ever
alone rise to unity achieve order. But
this must be the sole warrant for Italian
occupation, insufficient but to be accepted
since it does not do violence to new ideals,
as would Italian occupation of Dalmatia or
indirect control of Epirus
In its last phase the eastern question
remains as troublesome as ever. Russia Is
gone; Austria is gone: France, Britain and
Germany have no longer any direct concern
with the Straits, yet there still survives
this ancient menace, the only clear threat
to a successful accommodation of conflict
ing interests. And in the nature of things
this is precisely the sort of problem which
American advice can help most to solve, IL
that advice is wise and is not influenced nv
the real but dangerous prediction In
Washington for Bulgarian claims. Claims
which have no solid foundation and have
been forfeited by two treacherous attacks
upon ncighboring States at the moment
when an honorable settlement was assured.