davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16
LAKES YIELD VAST WEALTH

water lakes may be found side by
side, usually in valley or hay fiat.
The steps in the development of
alkali in the small lakes is explained
by the geologist as follows:
The wind erodes a small basin, or
a drainage course is modified by
drifting sand produced by erosion,
forming a reservoir in either case.
This receives drainage water when
there is enough rainfall.
Water entering basin of this
kind gathers more or less alka1i
from the soil or subsoil. The sotu-
tons are weak. Inwash brings fine
sediment which Sits the depression
andSehecks the percolation. Water
thus collected is lost by solar evap-
Grafton and the salts are finally con-
centrated and deposited in the lake
bed.
Fed BY Underflow.
Sandhill lakes are fed principally
by underfow. The ground water
percolates through the soil and sub
soil and moves for considerable dis
lance after reaching the water table.
Many of the lakes are ground water
exposed in depressions of low places
in valleys. The depressions retain
their positions with considerable
permanence, yet the lake surfaces
rise and fall with the changes in the
contour of the water table, due in
part to rainfall, but caused princi-
pally by seasons differing in the
amount of evaporation.
The conditions which determine
the accumulation of potash in sand
hill lakes are about as follows
Comparatively fresh water enters
the lakes from the highest point on
the surrounding ground water usu-
ally is to the west. This seepage
supply, though constant, or nearly
so, is most in evidence as a rule in
fall and spring. The water entering
some lakes passes out at once; in
Others it is held back by a sand dam,
or by the natural form of the basin.
In case the water is retained, the
principal loss is through solar evap-
Grafton, which becomes very heavy
in the summertime. It is safe to
state that about FIVE feet of water
would evaporate from one of these
lake surfaces in year.
Concentrated BY Evaporation.
The alkali solutions are eoncen-
trated by evaporation. The density
attained varies with changes in the
volume of water in the lakes and is
affected by freezing. Lakes sup
piled by considerable water and sub
ject to evaporation for a long period
become heavily mineralized. There
are present compounds Of iron
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16
W. E. Sharp Is Pioneer
Head Of the Nebraska
Potash Industries

w. E. Sharp, president of the
American Potash Co., and the West
ern Potash works at Antioch, Neb.,
has devoted great deal of time and
effort in promoting the potash in
dustry in Nebraska and by his en-
ergy and business ability thoroughly
demonstrated the possibilities Of
this great Nebraska industry.
The American plant has actually
produced millions of dollars worth
of potash and the Western, the
finest plant of its kind probably in
the world, and costing 81 ,250,000, is
now complete and ready for opera
ton. The sudden closing of the
war, importation and sales prob
lens and government assistance for
this infant industry are among the
great problems now confronting the
managers Of the various potash
plants in Nebraska. Mr.. Sharp is
appearing before the various con-
gressional committees in Washing
ton at this time looking toward fos-
tering and stabilizing of the entire
industry; where he has the conf
dence and endorsement Of govern
ment officials in charge of these i'm
portant mattei
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16
Dr.. Herman Reinbold
First to Find Potash
in Nebraska Lake.

In reference to the discovery of
potash in Nebraska-its presence in
the sand hills lakes was first es-
tablished BY DR.. Herman Reinbold,
who analysed a sample of wash
ing compound" sold in Omaha groc-
cry stores in 1906 and advertised as
natures product" coming from
those lakes.
Being interested in developing
western mineral resources in gener-
al at that time, he and James
Hodge, private secretary to Mr..
Holdrege of the Burlington railroad,
ait that time made several trips OF
investigation through these regions
with view of establishing the fea-
sibilty of marketing this material
on a large scale. After a thorough
investigation as to both the chem
icaf and commercial aspect, they
came to the conclusion, that under
the conditions as they existed then,
exploitation would be possible per-
haps in Is years or more. and con-
sequentIy athe matter was dropped
without giving it publicity. II was
by accident that at the beginning
of the war, DR.. Reinbold learned
of the activity Of Modesto and as
sociates and upon the facts known
the first potash company was f.
nanced BY Stevens, Judge Redick,
Ostenberg and himself, after many
attempts to raise sufficient capital to
establish the new industry,
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16
Use Of Fertilizers
Is Being Expanded
from Year to Year

The fact that the fertilizer indus
try in which potash plays such an
important part, is rapidly expanding
was plainly set forth at the 25th an
nual convention Of the National
Fertilizers association at Atlantic
City, N. J., last year. 1t was clearly
reflected that the industry is not
only becoming numerically stronger
each year, but the scope of its work
is widening and the field of its ac-
tivity is rapidly charging.
Those holding meetings ct the
convention this year were the ifo1-
lowing: The National Fertilizers
association, the Southern Fertilizer
association, the Canadian Fertilizer
association; soil improvement cone
niittee of the National Fertilizer
association.
The Canadian association made
its bow this year. It's work and
its problems do not differ essen
TALLY from those of its more south
ern neighbors and an annual ex-
change Of plans and experiences will
be very helpful to both associations.
For the first time in the history
of fertilizer conventions the trans
Missouri territory was included IA
the proceedings as part of the SELL
ing field of the fertilizer manufac-
turers. The rapidly changing at-
titude of the middle west farmers
toward mixed fertilizers is espe-
cially timely in view Of the surplus
of the domestic Ammoniates which
will be available at the close Of the
war.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16
War Was Direct Cause for
Exploitation Of the Great
Nebraska Potash Region
First Discovery Of Potash in Nebraska Was Made Eight
Years Ago by Two Men Employed by the State to
Explore Waters for Fish Culture.

What q wonderful romance Of in
dustry this cabaiistie symbol Of
chemistry stands for here in Ne
braskal
It stands for potash" a mineral
salt, which q few years ago was as
devoid of public interest as its first
cousin, sodium chloride, or COM
mon table salt.
It took a world war, one that
shook civilization to its very depths,
one that wasted blood and treasure
of humanity with a proAigacy that
was appalling and brought the earth
to the very door of starvation to
open the eyes of humanity to the
precious nature of a mineral that
was almost despised because of its
obscurity.
Fertilizing Element.
Potash is a fertilizing element
that is as essential to plant life as
blood and air is to the human be-
ing. Without potash there can be
no soil fertility in lands that have
been robbed of their mineral ele-
ments due to long years Of intensive
farming in many portions of the
world.
Here in the United States there
are vast areas of farm lands that
have been husbanded and titled
since revolutionary days and which
require their annual restorative
properties of potash. These lands
lay along the Atlantic coast, ex-
tending westward across the APP
palachian range, even crossing the
rich delta Of the Mississippi into
eastern Iowa, and extending from
the great lakes to the gulf and pene-
trating the Ozarks. Because OF
thinness, Of geological formation
and constant tillage they must be
restored year after year with essen
tial plant food in the shape OF
thousands of tons of potash in or
der that they bear their wealth Of
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16

food, produced in sucK quantities as
to be economically profitable.
Until the war came, Germany had
monopoly of the potash trade of
the world, and the great quantities Of
the salt she exported satisfied the
worlds agricultural and industrial
need.
Then came the trumpetings Of
Mars, the unleashing of the war
dogs, the closing of the seas to COM
nerce, the terror of the submarine
and the hideous famine of potash
with its awful possibilities of the
starvation of whole races.
Had it not been for the fact that
eight years ago two men employed
by the state of Nebraska, John H.
Show and Carl Modesto, to explore
waters of the state to ascertain their
adaptation to FISH culture, were more
observing than ordinary men, the
potash held in solution in the Brack-
ish and bFiny waters of certain sand
hill lakes of this state would have
remained a close secret of nature
and a world tragedy almost as hide
Gus as war itself would have re-
suited.
They discovered lakes so strongly
alkaline in their explorations that
they made analysis of their waters
and found them strongly impreg-
mated with k20, or potash.
When the war broke out and
brought a shortage, the immense
richness Of the Nebraska deposits
of potash, with their tremendous
storage Of alkaline salts, were re-
membered, and under the magic i'm
petus of the wand of world necessi-
ty capital was forthcoming for their
development and in short time big
plants were in operation retaining
from the wastes Of the sandhills the
wealth that had been buried through
all the ages.
| Great guns, belching their tons Of
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16

known to contain potash in paying
quantities.
There are so many good prospects
throughout the region that explora-
ton is constantly going on and
some strong lakes have been re-
Gently discovered.
Lakes with potash occur in the
Pawlet district of Garden county
in part of Grant county, in widely
scattered areas in Cherry county, in
Mcpherson county, and in the
southern part of Brown county and
in southwestern Holt county. A
considerable amount of potash is
known to occur near Ellsworth.
There are many lakes in Cherry
county, near Cody, Merriam and ii
the southwestern part of the county
and between Simon, Brownlee and
Wood Lake.
Among the best known Of these
are the Big Alkai, Red Deer, Clear
Dads, Pelican, Willow, Dewey,
Marsh and Cody Among the
Brown county lakes are Enders
Moon, Rat Long, Marsh, Willow
and Chain lakes.
Mostly in Sand Hills
The lakes occur in two physio-
graphic regions, the table lands and
sand hills but mostly in the latter
The hills in the latter region were
produced largely By wind action
This section is filled with small in
termittent lakes, all Of which lie
above the water table and are mostly
replenished with surface water.
The best potash lakes occur in
sections where the underhow oil
drainage is slow and little loss by
outward drainage.
Nearly all Of the alkali lakes arc
the dead ends of drainage and usu-
ally appear yellowish in color. Their
beds are covered with muck under
lain with hsrdpan, called magnesia
The water has a Characteristic odoi
and bitter taste, Alkali and fresh
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16
Going Him One Better.

Il had to laugh when / read in the
paper about the man who left pile 81
small disc records on the lunch counter
aid the other fellow that came in and
poured syrup all over them thinking they
were pancakes"
The fat plumber Erinned from her to
here.
II had TO laugh about II too. because
II reminded me OF the experience a friend
o. mine had said the thin carpenter
''Whst was his experience7"
zone OF his youngsters happened TO
put one Of those small records on his
kitchen table in a plate
"Uh-huh--"
"And my friend never knew he had
eaten It until his wife began to serve ~
real buckwhsats ''--Eoungstown
gram.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16

murderous metals, clamored for pot
ash as a means of propulsion during
the awful nightmare Of war on all
the European fronts. Potash val
ues rose to enormous heights and
the production was pushed with
feverish industry. Great wealth
was brought to the pioneers and the
discovery and operation of this new
phase of manufacturing in Nebraska
became as much surrounded with
the lure of sudden riches as the
"gusher" in the oil fields was as a
stimulus to the wildcat" driller.
Potash has made many Nebraska
fortunes and it bids fair to make
many more. It has developed from
a boom industry born Of necessity
to one that has every promise Of
permaneney and which will eventu-
ally bulge large in the economics
of the state.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16

alumnia and organic material, most
of which seem to have been formed
in the lake itself and deposited on
the lake floor. The conclusion is that
the lakes, after becoming somewhat
ilineralized, began to precipitate
certain compounds. Some of the
materials were thrown down before
the brine became very strong. Salts
of magnesium, calcium and alumnia
were dropped in a f1occulent, col
loidal form, making the muck and
nagnesia layers. Evidently the in
washed silt and sand had secondary
Importance in the development of
the impervious beds. The magnes;a
layer is best developed, as a rule, in
the east and southeast parts OF a
lake. It may extend beyond the
border of a lake.
AllSali lakes deposit salts on their
beds as the water lowers, especially
50 in late summer. This gives q
fringe or belt Of incrustationS. The
color of this deposit varies from
nearly white to yellowish. Often
the deposit makes fantastic forms
on the vegetation and lake beach.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16
Nearly 100 Lakes in State
Known to Contain Potash
In Well Paying Quantities
Twenty Thousand Square Miles of the Sand Hill Region
ofNebraska Have Already Been Explored in Search
of Paying Potash Lakes.

Twenty thousand square miles Of
the sand hill region Of Nebraska
have already been explored in
search Of potash lakes.
Prospectors looking for bitter wa
ter have penetrated many of the
waste. wild places, where even the
wild duck and wild geese refused to
alight during all their migrations
through the ages.
An alkali lake, strong in potash
salts, is one of the most desolate
bodies of water that can be found
anywhere. II is Stunned by only
the very lowest forms of animal
and vegetable life, ind it even has
its own peculiar insectivora.
The rfgion of the alkali lakes ex-
tends through the north central part
Of the state with Holt county on
the extreme southeast end and much
of the area between the Platte and
Niobrara rivers westward to Box
Butte.
The region of production is now
confined to Sheridan, Garden and
Morrill, counties and the likes be-
ing worked. lie north and south of
the c. B. & Q. railroad. beginning
few points east of Alliance.
The area with producing lakes ex-
tends about so miles north and
south, and between 20 and so miles
east and west, and occupies nearly
equal areas on both sides of the
railroad. Small intermittent lakes
occur on the table lands of Box
Butte county and many of them can
be worked.
Nearly 100 Potash Lakes.
When the lakes were first discov-
cred it was thought that only two
or three Of them could be probably
worked and become important
sources of potash. Now there are
pearly 100 Of these lakes that are
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1919-02-16
PART THREE

POTASH SECTION
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1919-09-11

pills lunch baskets, sold for $500 at an
auction sale. Twenty-Five schools in
another county raised - purebred
hogs last winter on waste from the
pupils dinner baskets. One town of
1000 people produced $4,000 pounds
of porl. from pigs raised in back
yards. The white boys of the same
county raised $3.50 of meat hogs,
and the negro boys $2,134.S5.
An all-cotton county reports an in
crease of 5000 hogs in 1918. Fifty
seven pig club members in one county
raised $50 head of registered Duroc-
Jerseys. The amount invested was
2,300. AT an auction sale so of the
surplus pigs We're sold, and the re-
turns from the sale, together with the
value of the remaining hogs, repre-
sented $3.50.
Pig-club members had a prominent
part in the swine exhibits at the two
fairs held in the state and carried off
many prizes. OF the 2,105 hogs ex-
hibited at the Southeastern fair, 345
were owned and raised by pig-cIuh
boys who won 81 ribbons in the open
ring. Three of the prizes were Junior
champions. OF the $50 hogs exhibited
at the state fair, 81 were owned and
raised by pig-club boys who won SO
ribbons in the open ring and S272 in
prizes. One of the ribbons was q
junior champion. With % club pigs
one county won q ribbons and prizes
amounting to SS17.50. including the
state championship.
The state pig-club champion was the
11-year-old son of small farmer who
bought his pig at an auction sale for
$3.50. At the end of the contest this
hog was worth $500. In one county
six pig-elub boys, who started in their
club work with one small pig each.
will start hog farms this year. Three
of these boys already have their hogs
and land.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1919-09-11

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.}
Members of boys and girls pig
clubs are the pioneers in introducing
purebred pigs and improved methods
of management in many parts of the
South, where the swine industry is
making unprecedented progress.
This is true in a marked degree in
Georgia. Among the pig CLUBS, the
total sum represented by the hogs and
pigs in the hands of the pig club mem
bers of the state last year was almost
a half million dollars. The increase in
the number of purebred pigs raised
by the club members in 1913 over 1917
was more than COG per cent. The i'll
crease in profits on hogs raised in 1918
over the previous year was more than
81 per cent.
Pig clubs were carried on in connec-
ton with school work in many lOcali-
ties. Fourteen school pigs In one
county, raised on the waste from pu-
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1919-09-11
HORTICULTURAL.
!.blSNOTES&8gsse

Duchess pear is one of the strong
est growing dwarfs.
It is poor farm that cannot af-
ford a strawberry patch.
Do not send out your apples or pears
In q shoddy barrel or box. You lose
money every time you do it.
1t Is well worth while to go to con-
siderable pains to set fruit trees In
straight lines in all directions.
Gooseberries do not require severe
pruning but are benefited by removing
the old broken or diseased canes.
One great mistake in the manage
ment of dwarf pear trees is In not
heading back the top branches.
In removing large branch as much
care as possible should be exercised
to remove 1t with as little injury to
the tree as possible.
Neglect of the orchard Is never all
harvested the first year. Its results go
on for n number of years. and always
to the diminishing Of the pocketbook'e
consents.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1919-09-11
PEDIGREE IS NOT ESSENTIAL
Officials of Department of Agriculture
Are Trying to Eliminate
Inferior Animals.

Grepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
Thousands of purebred scrubs are
scattered through this country, accord
ing to hog-extension men of the United
States Department of Agriculture. who
are devoting their efforts to eiini-
mating inferior pedigreed animals.
This, they say, applies to all kinds of
live stock, but is perhaps more general
in the hog industry. Pedigrees are
necessary and valuable to the hog
breeder, yet the pedigree is the means
of fooling a lot of farmers, particular
IL those who are about to start into
the pure-bred hog business and who
have not had enough experience in
Judging to select animals Of good
standard type. Buyers should not be
contented simply with pure-bred ami
mails, but should see In addition that
the animals they are ahaut to pur-
chase have good quality. sly the de-
pGrtment hog specialists
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1919-09-11
GROWING ORCHARD ON FARMS
To Insure Continuous Supply of Fruit
New Trees Should Be Planted
Every Few Years.

By C. w. RAPP, Department of Horti-
culture, Oklahoma A. and NJ. College.
Stillwater.)
A growing orchard should be found
on every farm. Though most farms
have an orchard of some kind, the
trees, unless young, are constantly dy-
ing. An orchard is made like an army
in time of war. Each tree is q fighter.
The battle of the orchard is against
nature-dry weather, disease, insects.
high winds, and old age. These COM
bined factors are battling against the
orchard and there are losses.
The life of the. average Oklahoma
orchard is not long, and unless the dy-
ing trees are replaced the necessary
fruit must be purchased. Many dead
and dying orchards may now be seen
throughout the state. In order to
guard against such condition, few
new trees should be started every
few years. This insures a continuous
supply of fruit and some healthy,
growing trees. There should be no
blank files in the home orchard.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1919-09-11

much tedious work and sorts the prod
uct satisfactorily. The frame is built
the same as an ordinary screen, the
back and sides being S-inch boards.
1t should be about 3 feet wide at the
large end and tapered to 10 inches
This forms a frame somewhat the
shape of a crude rowboat. The jog
gle cam should be made of hardwood.
while the Slated bottom may be of
any material available. The distance
between the Stats is determined by
the product to be sifted. Turning the
crank rapidly vibrates the Slated sec
ton up and down, separating the large
and small fruits and running them in
to different barrels.-L. B. Robbins,
Harwich, Massachusetts, in Popular
Mechanics Magazine.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1919-09-11
Il IL A|,,,IRk|1!f
SlI[I',,I))(I:IKl|'..
GOOD RECORDS OF PIG CLUBS
Boys and Girls Improve Methods of
Management and Increase the
Number of Purebreds.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1919-09-11
1--WE .STOCK7


In summer, when the owner Is bust
est, sheep require practically no care
at all.
Breed the mares to the best-bone,
closest-coupled stallion to be found in
the vicinity.
The land upon which sheep Craze
Is gradually enriched, the ground be-
Ing very evenly covered with the
droppings.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1919-09-11
BERRIES READY FOR MARKET
Raspberries and BIackberries Mold
Very Quickly Unless Given
Good Ventilation.

If the air Is close and humid and
you do not expect to start for market
until the next morning, it is better not
to crate the raspberries and blackber-
ries until you are ready to start Both
fruits mold very quickly unless there
is good ventilation.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1919-09-11
SORTING HOPPER is USEFUL
Machine Saves Much Tedious Work
and Sorts Berries and Veaeta-
bIes Satisfactorily.

Berries and small vegetables bring
highest market prices when sorted ac-
rily this is done by hand. A sorting
hopper of the design illustrated saves
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1919-11-22
70 . q -
Il ~ a r, : 3 ssssssA
aE &c SsE q ~ Z l:: ia go

on New York avenue. They VIII be
married at the Sacred Heart Church on
Monday morning with Father Miller
performing the ceremony.
Mr and Mrs. Val Brown Of Ham
mond were in town Thursday visiting
the formers mother and sister Mrs
r. Moore who are both on the sick list.
Mr.. and Mrs " Starring and Mr.
and Mrs. George Slack OF Pearl St.
motored 20 Chicago on Friday even
ing
Mr.. and Mrs. George slack were
Hammond business visitors on We'd
nesday
The Good Time Crochet Club met at
the home of Mrs. II. Burns on Thurs
day afternoon Needle work was the
feature OF the afternoon after which
a dainty luncheon was served by the
hostess.
Mrs Holsworth Of Myrtle avenue.
entertained number OF friends at hep
home yesterday afterday in honor Of
her birthday anniversary Mrs J !.
Ryron Of Hammond was the out OF
town guest "a very nice luncheon
vas served The ladies enjoyed the
afternoon immensely and wishing Mrs
Holsworth many more such happy