davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18

WHITE LEeHoRN is POPULAR
Most Widely Kept of Egg Breeds
Markets Prefer White Eggs and
Pay Premium for Them.

prepared by the United States Depart
Sment of AgricuIture)
Egg production doubtless is the
leading branch of poultry keeping,
and, in addition, is a very important
agricultural activity. According to the
last census the eggs produced in the
United States in 1909 numbered more
than 1851 100000 dozens, with
value of more than s3O6.OO0,OOO. Eggs,
OF course, are produced wherever
chickens are kept, and by far the
greater part of the egg crop comes
from the general farm, yet large so
called egg farms have been developed
with the main purpose of producing
eggs for market. The largest of these
egg farms and the greater number of
them are located near markets which
pay a premium for white eggs; and
for this reason, together with the fact
that eggs are primarily desired, the
breeds kept are those known as the
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
One of the greatest needs OF farm
ers in the United States is ShOrt-time
personal credit, on reasonable terms.
The federal loan banks are taking good
care of the Iand-mortgage require
mentS in many cases, but they are not
always available for new settlers and
for farmers or planters who need per
sonal loans TO buy live stock, nipple
ments, or other equipment. The need
for shOrt-time personal credit is shown
as a result OF an investigation by the
United States department of agricul-
ture in the Southern states, where it
was found 60 per cent of the farmers
depend upon advances from merchants
during the crop-producing season.
Credit extended by merchants. COM
monty known as the advancing system,
is usually exceedingly high. 1t is esti-
mated by the department that hun
dreds of millions of dollars would be
saved by the farmers each year if the
means already adopted in a number of
communities were put into general use.
The means referred to is that of prop
erly organized rural credit unions.
State Laws Help Credit Unions.
In nine states laws have been enact
ed under which farmers as well as
wage earnerS in cities may organize
credit unions. These laws, in so far
as they affect rural credit, enable the
farmers who are members to obtain
loans on terms which compare favor
ably with those secured by the city
business men. The movement of sur
plus funds of the individual farmers
has in general been toward the city,
but rural credit unions encourage the
retention of money made on the farm
where it is most needed. In addition,
it tends to turn the current of urban
capital toward rural districts. as out
side credit is secured through regular
credit channels-the banks.
It is impossible to formulate meth
cd of procedure in the organization of
credit unions that will apply to each
of the states. but the plan followed in
North Carolina, where Is strictly
farmers organizations are now in op-
Grafton, should be of interest In North
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
KEEP BEEF CALVES GROWING
EnsIIage, II Available, Is Best and
Cheapest Feed When Pastures
Have Become Short.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF AgricuIture-)
Beef calves on pasture should be
kept in a thrifty, growing condition
II the pasture becomes short the COWS
should be fed, otherwise the develop
ment Of the calves may be checked
Ensilage, II available, is the cheapest
and best feed Good hay is an excel
lent supplementary feed, and COWS,
even on a fairly good pasture, seem
to relish a small quantity OF dry feed.
Soy beans, COW peas, or other pasture
crops may be used II It is not practi-
cable to supply supplementary feeds
to the COWS the calves should be fed
a little. grain This can be done easily
by placing a small quantity in a creep
I'm the pasture A mixture OF one-thfrd
corn, one-third oats, and One-third
bran by weight is a good feed for this
purpose.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
HOUSTON IN FAVOR
OF CREDIT UNIONS

''There should be provided a
system Of personal-credit unions,
especially for the benefit of in
dividuals whose financial cir
cumstances and scale OF opera
lions make it difficult for them
to secure accommodations
through the ordinary channels.
Organized commercial banks
make short-term loans of a great
aggregate volume to the farmers
of the nation possessing the
requisite individual credit, but
there are many farmers who, be
cause of their circumstances,
are prevented from securing the
accommodations they need.
The men I have especial
~ in mind are those whose oper-
ations are on a small scale and
who are not in most cases init
mately in touch with banking
machinery, who know too little
about financial operations, and
whose cases usually do not re-
ceive the affirmative attention
and sympathy OF the banker.
Such farmers would be much
benefited by membership in Co
operative credit associations or
unions. "-David f. Houston,
Secretary of Agriculture.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
He Was Fortunate.

He recently returned from France
and one Of his arms is missing. He is
very sensitive about any mention Of
that loss. particularly so since it
doesn't interfere with his work But
two young men, not nearly so efficient
as he, who are employed in the same
office, insist on talking about his loss.
The other day one Of them began, I'll
tell you it is tough to lose an arm in a
war for milliOnaireS. Now"
Now" interrupted the young hero
testify. Il want TO tell you it's a lot
better to be crippled in war than by
nature"
And there was absolute silence In
that office
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18

which it decides to recommend either
in their entirety or with such amend
ments as local conditions appear to re-
quire. At this meeting also five per-
sons are selected to act as q board OF
directors. A credit committee and
supervisory committee, each composed
of three members, are also named. At
the third meeting the bylaws recon-
mended by the organization committee
are adopted by the entire organization
with or without amendments. Neces-
sary books and business forms are al
so provided for at this time.
Two copies of the bylaws and an Or
ganizatiOn certificate are acknowledge
ed before notary public and APPROX
ed by the superintendent of credit I'M
ions One copy of each of these doe
uments is filed in the state division OF
markets, and a duplicate copy is sent
for filing with the clerk of the county
superior court. The work of incorpOr-
alton is then complete, the cost being
limited to the notary fees and So for
the recording and filing of the papers,
The members of the board of directors
and the committees are then sworn in
and a bond is provided for the treas
urer.
Establishing Banking Connections.
The board Of directors appoints a
bank committee to select some local
banking institution through which the
union does its business The credit
union is accorded treatment similar to
that which one bank gives another. As
rule it receives 4 per cent interest
upon time deposits and 8 per cent on
monthly balances, while it bOrrows
from the bank at per cent interest.
The business of the organization is
formally begun at fourth meeting at
which time each member buys one or
more shares of stock at SO share,
and deposits with the union any idle
cash that can be spared. The union
also accepts deposits from nonmem-
bers. Its operations are similar to a
smali-scale bank, but it is able to oper-
ate at a minimum of expense since
most OF the overhead expenses of a
regular bank are eliminated. The Off
GERS, with the exception OF the treas
urer, receive no compensation. The
treasurer, who is required to devote
three or four hours week to the bus
mess of the organization, usually re-
ceives a salary Of about $50 a year.
The credit union thus becomes primar-
lily mutual society of borrowers and
depOsitors operating under state law.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18

Carolina a branch Of the state govern
ment, known as the Division of Mar
kets, has been charged with the work
Of encouraging the organization OF
credit unions among the farmers, and
a special official, known as Superinten-
dent Of Credit Unions. gives practical
assistance In their organization and
supervision Of their activities.
North Carolina Plan.
In North Carolina II or. more per-
sons In the community may organize q
credit union, the first step being to
sign an application for assistance,
which is addressed to the Superinten-
dent Of Credit Unions of the State IN
der his direction a meeting is called
for the purpose Of arousing further in
terest and spreading information con-
corning the plans and purposes Of the
proposed organization. If the COM
munity is sufficiently interested, a sec
ond meeting is called, and an Organiza-
ton committee appointed This COM
mittee is furnished with a suggested
set OF bylaws by the superintendent,
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
ON GENERAL FARMS
These Birds, as a Rule, Are Raised in
Small FIocEs Where Range
Is Plentiful.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Many turkeys are raised in Texas.
as we'll as a considerable number in
Mississippi and Alabama and in west
ern Florida. As a general proposition
these birds are raised in small f1ocks
on general farms, where plenty of
range is available. Under such cOndi-
lions they usually yield a profitable
income. Not many ducks are raised
in the South, but considerable interest
is displayed in geese production, while
guineas also are raised on many farms.
Guinea eggs are used on the home
table, as well as being marketed, but
as rule the guineas are allowed to
run wild and are not produced on any
scale for market purposes.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
MAINTAIN ROAD AFTER BUILT
Improper Methods Have Placed Eco.
nomicaf Types in Disrepute,
Says Colorado Expert

Prof. E. B. House of the Colorado
Agricultural College is a firm believer
in the Importance of maintaining
road after it is built. He supplies the
following. taken from The Engineer
ing News-RecOrd, and says of it sit is
so true and hits the.nail so squarely
that / quote it direct:
''The tendency IN road Improvement
is to select types of roads which re-
quire very little annual maintenance.
The general feeling among laymen
seems to be that when road surface
requires some annual maintenance to
keep it in good shape. it is an expen-
sive type and should be avoided. Yet,
If the interest on investment and the
repairs are taken into consideration,
the cheaper wearing surface may in
many cases prove to be the more sat
isfactOry and economical.
ct is not uncommon to see roads of
q good type constructed and then,
after they begin to show signs of wear,
to see them neglected entirely or some
method of repair or maintenance i'm
posed which has been found by long
practice to be defective. When we see
mud holes in earth roads filed with
riprap, crushed stone or cinders, it is
not the engineers fault that an enor-
nous price is paid for the repair mate
rial; the road engineer knows that
proper drainage, and repairing with
earth from the side OF the road, are
the economical methods of mainte-
nance.
"OId gravel and macadam roads are
often repaired by filling ruts and de-
pressiOnS with inferior material that
is readily displaced by traffic or
ground to dust. Bituminous surfaces
are often patched, if patched at all.
with loose stone or gravel. and in some
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18

cases with concrete. In a number OF
streets and roads recently inspected,
brick was used to patch concrete sur
faces, and concrete used to patch brick
surfaces.
"When careless methods of this kind
are applied to the maintenance of
public highways, the result is that a
good type of road is made to appear
unsatisfactory and uneconOmical, and
road improvement is discouraged
particularly the cheaper types of i'm
provement, which in most localities are
the best if properly maintained. 1t is
the utter neglect of maintenance and
the many improper methods of repair
that have nodded public sentiment
against types of roads requiring san-
nual maintenance, and have led road
promoters and officials to disregard
many economical types"
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
PIGEON EGGS ARE FERTILE
Especially True Where Birds Have
Free Range, Are Healthy and
Given Proper Feed.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agricultural
Pigeon eggs are usually fertile If the
pigeons are healthy and properly fed,
especially when they have free range.
One squad usually the male) frequent
ly matches first, and where there are
several cases where one squad out
grows its nest mate, it may be adviSa-
bic to sort the squads in the nests,
making the pairs as uniform as posi-
bic in size and age. IF the parent birds
die, the squads may sometimes be re-
moved to a nest where there is only
one squad, or they may be fed artifi-
cially, although this process takes con-
siderable time.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
Dakota Farmers Specialize in Feeder
Hog Production.

Hog Production
the state live stock sanitary board.
The hog growers of that section have
decided it is most profitable for them
to produce feeder hogs because the
high price and limited quantity Of corn
in their vicinity available for feeding
purposes make the fattening OF hogs
q hazardous undertaking. On the 9TH
er hand, alfalfa hay is grown in album
dance, and the pasture afforded is
keenly relished by the hogs. Hence
the project farmers are limiting their
operations to feeder-hog production.
. A cooperative live stock shipping as
ISOLATION has been organized on the
Belle Fourche project to market the
hogs in unique fashion this fall. The
plan is to secure carload orders for
these hogs so that they may be shipped
out in small train loads for delivery
to points east OF the Missouri river.
The idea is to have about fifteen cars
of hogs in each train, these cars being
loaded at Newell and Nisland on the
project and to be carried to destina-
ton, without stopping for feed or wa
ter, within the 36-hour limit Infor-
nation is being promulgated among
the prospective buyers along the route
regarding the freight rates. on a mini
mum car OF feeder hogs so that they
can estimate accurately the gross cost
Of such a load Of qualify feeders de-
H1ered at their destination. The hogs
sold during the fall ef 1913 ranged
from 16 to q cents a pound f. O. b.
cars, some of the loads being sold
above the market quotation and some
of them under.
The Belle Fourehe plan of market
ing feeder hogs should. be of interest to
other stock raisers and feeders in va
riOus sections of the country. TIlustrat-
ing, as it does. a new method of feed
er-animal distribution. Handling
through a cooperative shipping aSso-
citation directly from the producer to
the purchaser makes it certain that
the buyer viii receive the hogs at his
station at a minimum cost for handling
in transit. Furthermore, the fact that
the animals come from a cholera-free
country is positive insurance against
losses from that disease, if the hogs
are not exposed to infection in transit
or subsequent to their delivery at their
new homes. Prospects are that in the
future many South Dakota farmers in
the eastern part Of the state who raise
considerable corn and make practice
OF feeding the grain to hogs viii rely
to certain extent on the animals com
ing from the Belle Fourche project.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
Hy16TEEs;MssI,ERAL
RRMzN0PES

Sweet clover IS gaining In popular
ity from year to year.
Curing alfalfa or clover hay large
ly In the cock tends TO reduce the loss
OF leaves by shattering.
There is no better hay than good
cowpea hay. The greatest trouble
with eowpea hay is IN curing
The daily use Of stimulating drugs
to increase egg production, milk pro-
duction, or in fitting an animal for a
show ring, is not a good practice.
Careful laying out the work VIII
add anywhere from a half day to a
full day Of useful work to the week,
and work that is not useful IS useless.
Canada thistes, 1t is claimed, have
been completely eradieated where
good stands Of alfalfa were secured
the alfalfa being able to crowd out the
thistIes.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
IMPROVED ROADS IN QUEBEC
Ia Five Years Government Spent $15,-
1860 for Development and
Improvement.

The development of good roads In
Quebec is a subject at present much
discussed from one end of the prov
ince to the other. In the five years
from 1911 to 1916 the Quebec govern
ment spent $15.774,369 for good roads.
The following figures show the num-
Der OF miles of roads Systematically
maintained by the municipalities of
Quebec, with the aid OF subsidies from
the government of the provinces: In
1907, LOCO miles; in 1909, 1000 miles !;
in 1911, $500 miles, in 1913, 1900
miles; in 1915, $4,000 miles. Since
1911 more than 1914 miles OF mac
adam and 497 miles Of gravel roads
have been made in Quebec.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
Important to all Women
Readers Of this Paper

Thousands upon thousands Of women
have kidney or bladder trouble and never
suspect It.
Women's complaints often prove to be
nothing else but kidney trouble, or the
result Of kidney or bladder disease.
IF the kidneys are not IN q healthy con-
dition, they may cause the other organs
TO become diseased.
You may suffer pain IN the back, head
ache and loss Of ambition
Poor health makes you nervous, irTita-
bic and may be despondent; It makes any
one so.
But hundreds Of women claim that Dr..
Kilmer's STzmp-Root, by restoring
health to the kidneys, proved to be Just
the remedy needed TO overcome such
conditions.
Many send for sample bottle to see
what SEamp-RoOt, the great kidney,
liver and bladder medicine, viii do fOI
them. By enclosing ten cents TO Dr..
Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, n. Y, you
may receive sample size bottle by Parcel
Post. You can purchase medium and
large size bottles at all drug stOres.-AdT.
The poetical hen VIII soon begin her
annual Easter Law.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
NOIE(|
Keep the house and yard clean.

Keep the house and yard clean.
Give a heavier feed of grain in the
evening.
Keep poultry free from lice and the
house free from mites.
Feed grain in straw or other litter
to make the hens scratch for it.
Grow green crops N the poultry
yards If they are not in permanent
sod.
When taking eggs to- market they
should be protected from the suns
rays.
Uniform products command the best
prices. Pure-bred fowls produce uni
form products.
Be sure that growing chicks have
plenty of feed so that they viii make
continuous rapid growth.
If you have had little or no expert
enee in poultry keeping, start In
small way. Then increase as your ex-
perience and success warrant.
Don't let ROSTERS run with the hens
after the breeding season is over. The
hens viii lay just as well and the eggs
will be infertiie and viii keep better.
II the fowls and chicks must be
confined In yards be sure that they
have the feeds that they would get on
free range. including plenty OF green
feed
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Agrieulture)
Feeder hogs. perfect as to speciflca-
ton and designed to satisfy the most
discriminating purchaser, are exported
annually from the Belle Fourche
reclamation project, South Dakota
Approximately 100 carloads of cholera
free and alfalfa-raised pOrkers are
shipped each season The output for
the last few years has been purchased
by Nebraska farmers who fatten and
condition the hogs for the central mar
kets. A special advantage about such
shipments is that the animals need
not be held in quarantine while vacci-
mated to satisfy the requirements OF
interstate shipment, and the purchaser
does not have to bear added expenses,
such as yardage and feed costs, which
he would have to pay if he bought his
stock hogs on the central market
The Belle Fourche project was re-
Gently declared free from cholera by
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
A SUMNER COLD

A cold In the summer time, as every
BODY knows, is the hardest kind Of .
cold TO get rid OF. The best and quick
est way is to 90 TO bed and stay there
if you can, with q bottle Of "Boschee'S
Syrup handy to insure good nights
rest, free from coughing, with easy sx-
pectoration in the morning.
But If you can't stay in bed You must
keep out OF draughts, avoid sudden
changes, eat sparingly Of simple food
end take occasional doses Of BoscheeiB
Syrup, which you can buy at any store
where medicine is sold, a safe and en-
cient remedy, made in America for more
than fifty years. Keep it handy-AdT.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18

Splendid Flock of White Leghorns.
egg breeds, such as the Leghorn,
Campine, Mfnorca and Ancona. The
Single Comb White LeghOrn is I'M
dOubtedly the most popular and the
most widely kept variety of the egg
breeds. These breeds comprise
the Mediterranean and Continental
classes, as given in the American
Standard of Perfection. The egg
breeds frequently are found on gen
eraI farms also, particularly in those
sections near markets preferring a
white egg, and where considerable
fiocks OF poultry are kept.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
HoRss ThisP

We oner 5000 for any case OF catarrE
that cannot be cured by HALLE
CATARRH MEDICINE
HALLS CATARRH MEDICINE "a tax
en- internally and acts through the Bleed
on the Mucous Surfaces OF the System
Sold by druggists for over forty years
Price &c Testimonials free
y. J. Cheney & Co, Toledo, Ohio
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
DRY-MASH HOPPER MIXTURES
Two Rations Suggested That Fowls
Should Have Free Access to at
All TimsS

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of AgricuIture)
Either OF the following suggested
dry-mash mixtures should be fed in a
dry-mash hopper, allowing the fowls
to have access to it at all times: Mash
No. 1-2 parts corn meal, I part bran,
I part middlings and part beef scrap.
Mash No. 2-3 parts corn meal and 1
part beef scrap.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
SUMMER FEEDS FOR CHICKS
Fowls in Confinement Must Be Sup
piled With Abundance of Green
Feed and Meat or Milk.

Chicks and fowls in confinement dur
ing the hot weather must have lots of
green food and meat or milk, or both.
If they are on free range they can OBJ
tain much of their meat food in the
form of bugs and worms and can add
to their variety of grain the various
vegetable growths that they obtain by
foraging. This is equally true of the
fowls.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18

With the antiseptic. fascinating CutI-
cura Talcum Powder, an exquisitelg
scented convenient, economical face,
skin. baby and busting powder ana
perfume. Renders other perfumes Eu-
perauOus. One OF the Cuticura Toilet
Trio (Soap, Ointment Talcum)-Ad7.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
Advantages Of Sheep.

Sheep need pasture. They are
adapted TO Craze rough land and I'm
this they clean fields and pastures OF
weeds They reproduce rapidly. since
q Trio VIII soon stock a small farm.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18

Making Him Feel GOOD.

Percy Noodles says that when he
wrote TO the capitalists daughter at
the SeashOre not TO eat lobster salad
anG ice cream at the same time. she
wired back: Haven't seen a lobster
since I parted with you at the depot
Dallas News.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
Renefts Of Good Roads

Good roads bring Automobiles
They spend money. Good roads bring
trade and increase property values.
They attract homeseekers and indus
tries.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1919-09-18
Mean Thing.

Edith-How do you like my new pho
tOgraphs, dear2
AIarie-Why, one OF them is very
pretty and the other is quite a good
likeness.