davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
Allied Warships
Occupy Smyrna
american, British, Greek
and French Forces
NOaU Control the Civ

PARIS, May 16-An extensive Allied
naval concentration has been begun at
Smyrna in connection with a mandate
to Greece to administer the city.
In discussing the concentration Lln-
transigeant" says that Allied troops al
ready have been debarked 1t says that
the concentration at Smyrna is being
taken against the day when the peace
conditions imposed on the Turks will
be put into effect and when the Turks
may be invited to leave Europe.
The British and the French each
have fleets at Smyrna, with landing
parties; the Greeks have battleship
and five gunboats, and the Italians
have five large warships. The United
States naval forces are the battleship
Arizona and four destroyers. The vari-
Gus Allied naval contingents are drawn
from the forces in the Adriatic and the
Black Sea.
Troops are also being concentrated
from Salonica. 1t is understood that
British and French forces are coop
Grating in the Greek administrative
mandate. The Italian attitude has not
been disclosed, but the recent landing
of Italian troops at Adalia, on the
southern coast of Asia Minor, and the
presence of an Italian squadron at
Smyrna lead to the belief that Italy is
seeking to safeguard her interests in
Asiatc Turkey.
Advices to the peace conference say
that transports carrying Greek troops
have sailed from Salonica for Smyrna.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
Japanese Seeking
Outlet in Siberia
y. S. ArchangeI Force
Looked on as ssWatch
Dog to Preuef,t q
Permanent Lodgement
Ne,D York Tribune
Special Cable Service


Copyright. 1919. New York Tribune Inc.)
PARIS, May 16.-The fact that
America continues to maintain an
army in Siberia while President Will
sons policy toward Russia otherwise
is passive, and pIans to remove the
cause the Japanese to feel that the
Americans are in Siberia to watch
them, and by perpetuating inter
national occupation serve to prevent
permanent and exclusively Japanese
lodgment there.
A critical and unfriendly attitude
and the reluctance of the Americans
in Siberia to cooperate, encourage this
belief. Well informed observers here
anticipate that the Japanese intend to
obtain the privilege of emigration to
Siberia east of Lake Baikal, which
the Russians, despite their long
sovereignty, control only as a sparsely
settled colony.
Important Japanese statesmen do
not deny that while Great Britain and
France are formidably rounding out
their respective empires Japan also
looks to the extension of her colonial
position in northern and eastern Asia
namely, extending her sphere of in
fuence and potential sovereignty north
and west Of Corea and Manchuria into
Mongolia and Siberia. Having sought
and obtained definite proof at the
peace conference that despite ideal
istlc professions and the creation of
a league of nations, recognition of
equality. and the privilege of emf
grafton into America and the British
colonies have been denied the Japa-
nese, they now have turned their eyes
toward the continent of which they
are racially part.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
Greeks Land at Smyrna

ATHENS, May 14.--Greek forces
landed to-day at Smyrna, the news be-
ing received here with great enthu
siasm.
A Paris dispatch received on Thurs
day stated that "an important port"
in Asia Minor would "soon be the the
atre Of an inter-Alhed military and
naval manifestation, in which Greek
soldiers and French, British and Ital-
ian warships would participate" A
Paris dispatch received Thursday
night stated that the United States
battlcship Arizona and four United
States cruisers had arrived at Smyrna.
A dispatch from Athens to the
United Press yesterday announced that
an entire division of Greek troops had
been landed at Smyrna, and that COZ
siderable territory on either side Of
the city had been occupied, including
Avail, ten miles to the northward. and
Vorura, forty miles to the southwark.
One of the Greek warships that COW
cred the landing of the troops. the
dispatch said, was the battleship Kill
kis, formerly the Idaho of the Amer
lean navy, which was sold to Greece
in 1914.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17

PARIS, May 15.-On the all i'm
portant question: Will the Germans
sign? two currents of opinion are
moving at the present time in Paris
The majority of we'll informed OBJ
servers believe that without any pre-
liminary rupture of negotiations after
protracting discussion to the last pos
sible moment the Germans will sign.
A smaller group, not on the whole
less we'll informed, holds that in any
event the Germans will, 60 through
the motions of refusal and rupture
to make a last test of the solidarity
Of the Entente, and disclose the will
ingness or unwillingness OF the Allies
to use force.
So far German tactics have been
feeble to the point of provoking con-
tempt. I remember to have heard
Marshal Foch say that when Erzberger
came to his headquarters to receive
the terms of the armstice he occupied
his time almost continuously in writ
ing and presenting point after point
of protest, and when each of these
was rejected as rapidly producing
another, with no apparent apprecia-
tion of the real facts of his situation.
To-day the Germans seem to be pur-
suing something of the same fatuous
policy. Points which they have so far
raised have been of relatively no i'm
portance.
In the last analysis Germany will
have to sign these terms of peace
Her refusal, her rupture OF negotia-
tions for the moment and for effect
will have no other result than to set
in motion the Allied armies along the
Rhine, now ready to move. Any con-
siderable lessening of the terms is
now inconceivable, and so far as one
can see the Allies are at the present
time, and so far as the German ques-
ton is concerned, squarely and solidly
united.
1t is plain that there are two things
upon which the Germans mean to con-
centrate: First-The financial clauses
and particularly those clauses which
postpone the fixing of the fnancia
amount Germany must pay for severa
years. Germany is certain to ask the
victors to fix upon a sum which will
comprehend her total Indebtedness te
them and they are equally certain te
refuse.
Secondly-Germany will protest on
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
Smyrna Among Oldest
Cities IL, the World
Founded Before Ninth Century
and Changed Hands Many
Times in Racial Conquesfs
Mean York Trih,,re

NctC York Tribune
Foreign Press Bureau
Smyrna, the most important city of
Asia Minor, is probably one of the
oldest cities in the world It's founda-
ton antedates even the Greek colonial
tion of Asia Minor in the ninth CEN
tury before Christ. 1t became one of
the wealthiest Greek colonies, and did
not lose its prominence under the
Roman conquest. Smyrna was first
conquered by the Turks in A. D. 1884,
and until 1902 it was at various times
held by Greeks, Arabs, Seldjouk and
Osmanli Turks, Mongols and the West
ern Knights of st. John. In 1902 it
was captured by Timur, the Mongol
conqueror, who massacred most Of the
inhabitants. Ever since the city has
remained in Mahometan hands.
Its present-day population is over
250O0o, the majority of which are
Greeks. 1t was one of the principal
seaports of the Ottoman Empire.
Before the war the annual exports
passing through it amounted to about
SIS, 100000, with the imports exceeding
$5,O00,000. The port is connected with
the interior of Asia Minor by several
railways, some of them before the
war owned by French and British in
terests. The port was visited by 1000
steamships annually. The city had a
large European colony and many
schools. 1t is one of the most impor
tant objectives of Greek irredentism
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
Pope to Receive U. S.
Protestant Bishops
Delegation Headed by the Right
Rev. Anderson to Visit
Vatican Friday

ROME, May Is (By The Associated
Press) Pope Benedict, having learned
that the mission of American Protes-
tant Episcopal bishops, headed by the
Right Rev. Charles P. Anderson, of
Saturday, notification was sent to the
prelates to-day that his Holiness would
receive them Friday.
The Pope next Tuesday will receive
DR.. Epitacio Pessoa, President t-elect Of
Brazil. The Pontitf has ordered that
DR.. Pessoa be welcomed inside the con-
fines of the Vatican with sovereign
honors.
Cardinal Gasparri, the Papal Secre-
tary of State, will discuss with DR..
Pessoa the relations between Church
and State in Brazil.
Bishop Anderson, who, with several
other clergymen of the denomination
recently visited the Balkans and Turkey,
to-day expressed the deep impression
made upon him by the beauty and fer
tility of the Balkan countries and the
parts of Asia Minor visited. Three
generations of peace, Bishop Anderson
said, would bring the peoples of these
countries to the front rank of world
civilization. Their progress for CEN
turies had been arrested by war, mis-
rule and Turkish oppression, and if
this was followed by permanent peace
it would be difficult to predict the
future development of the countries,
he said.
DR.. Anderson declared the absence
of agricultural machinery was a no.
ticeable feature. There was a demo-
cratic atmosphere eerywhere, he added,
and the people spoke in the highest
praise of the principles of democracy
enunciated by President Wilson and
were looking to American principles
and ideals to afeguard the worlds
peace.
"lt made one tremble to be an Amer
lean citizen" DR.. Anderson continued,
when found such confidence had been
placed in American integrity"
The prelate said the mission to the
East, which had been successful beyond
expectations, was purely ecclesiastical
and in the interest of the effort to
bring about union of the Christian
churches Of the world
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
L. S. Soldiers i'm
Berlin Ordered
To Dof Uniforms
British Also Don Civilian
Attire 10 Avoid Demon
strations; Trouble Feared
i'm the Next Few DAYS

LONDON, May 16-American and
British officers in Berlin have been or
dered to wear civilian clothing outdoors
lest they incite the populaAion to dem
onstrations, according to a dispatch
from the German capital to the Ex-
change Telegraph Company under date
of Thursday.
American couriers in uniform have
mostly been forced to remain in the
Hotel Adon, and there is q general
feeling in the hotel that there will be
trouble within the next few days.
BERLIN, May Is (By The Associated
Press The police authorities of Ber-
lin have issued proclamation warning
the public against demonstrations hos
tile to foreign residents of the city.
The proclamation declares:
I'VE are fighting against the nefari-
Gus policy of Imperialism, not against
individuals who are not to blame for
the policy of their governments. 1t
has been determined to punish such
excesses with the utmost severity, and
any who instigate disorders will also
be punished"
Condemnation of demonstrations be-
fore the Reichstag and in Inter den
Linden Tuesday against the Allies, the
United States and President Wilson is
voiced by several newspapers, especial
ly the "Tageblatt."
Theodor Wolff, in the "Tageblatt. :"
ascribes the outbreak to the GALLEY ele-
ment' and says they were unripe
youths and denounces their conduct
as Childish and unseemly." He SAYS
that no sensible and decent person
can desire that the great seriousness
of the present days be misrepresented
by undignified howling He declares
the demonstrations did not appear to
be serious to the Allied representatives
living in the Hotel Adlon and that the
crowd outside did not interfere with or
speak to the foreign newspaper corre-
spondents when they left the hotel
and walked down the street.
The 'yossische Zeitung," in this
connection, prints letter criticising
the government for permitting "for
elgn elements" to so dominate Berlin
that signs and placards are posted in
the English and French languages and
that many foreign actors are permitted
on the stages in Berlin. The communi-
cation rails at stores which display
notice IN English inviting American
officers to have their portraits painted
as souvenir of their stay in Berlin.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17

ties, enabling the Immediate resump-
tion of trade.
1t was pointed out in connection with
the stipulation as to the ratification of
the treaty that any nation which with
held ratification after three of the
principal powers had ratified would be
at disadvantage in commercial way.
A peremptory answer to the German
note registering objections to the
treaty arrangements for the left bank
of the Rhine and the Saar Valley, has
been drafted by the special commission
on territorial affairs presided over by
Andre Tardieu, it was reported this
morning.
1t became known to-day that the
German peace delegation was preparing
to send another note to the Allied and
Associated powers concerning the peace
treaty. The note, which has not yet
been completed, is said to be in rela-
tion to Alsace and Lorraine.
AS the result of conferences among
the representatives of the Powers,
which were being continued to-day,
the text of the German treaty will
probably be made public by install
ments. 1t was reported that the fnan-
cial and boundaries sections of the
document would be released tonight.
VERSAILLES, May 16.-Among those
who arrived to-day from Berlin to join
the German peace delegation was Pro-
fessor Weber, financial expert.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
Paris Delegates Expected
TO Disregard Instructions
From Peking to Assure
Nation Financial Help
Wilson Changes Stand
President Puts u. S. Part of
Consortium in Hands of
Men He Opposed in 1913
By Frederick Moore
Nea0 York Tribune

-, NesO York Tribune
Special Cable Service
Copyright. 1919. New York Tribune Inc)
PARIS, May ia conspicuous
change of front has taken place among
the, Chinese delegates to the peace
conference similar to President Will
sop's change regarding the American
group of bankers participating in the
international consortium which plans
TO finance China. Chinese leaders
here now regard the consortium, in
which America will play the leading
financial role, as perhaps the only hope
left for saving China from disintegra-
ton and further foreign encroach-
ment.
This extraordinary statement was
made by one of the leading South
China delegates, who praised the aa-
tion of President Wilson in 1918, when
ne and Secretary Bryan denounced
consortium as an unfair infringement
on Chinese sovereignty.
Wilson, too, regards the reorganiza.
tion of the consortium as vital, after
his acceptance OF the Japanese de-
nands regarding Shantung.
The Chinese delegates realize first
that without international control money
loaned to China would go to one faction
or another, according to the political
interests and commercial designs of the
nation lending the money. Secondly,
that in the present state of world
finances money will be loaned to China
only by interested nations with political
designs of aggression, on the one hand,
or of defence against aggression, on
the other.
Funds Not for Armies
The Chinese foresee that, following
the origina! consortium's policy, the new
consortium will refuse to finance the
Peking government for the maintenance
of their large armies, which are de.
signed only to keep down domestic re-
belion and to maintain those leaders
in power They fear that without
consortum of America, Great Britain,
France and Japan, the military dicta-
tors will obtain money from Japan and
become mere tools of Japan's aggres-
siye party.
Because of the hope that con-
sortium offers and the promise that
1t will come under control of the
league of nations, the Chinese dele
gates now contemplate signing the
peace treaty with reservations, despite
instructions cabled them from Peking
not to sign and of numerous cabled
protests from Chinese in various parts
OF the world, including the United
States.
While constructing the treaty which
crippled Germany's commercial growth,
the Anglo American peacemakers have
developed an alliance for the develop
ment of the worlds markets. This
stupendous undertaking will have
ramiticatlons into all parts of the
world Foremost in the movement will
be American business men.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
Resistance Idea
Gains With Foe
Ne1oA York Tribune
SpectdI Cable Ser1ica

Copyright. 1919. New York Tribune Inc)
BERLIN, May 16.-The excitement
of the public mind remains unabated.
Dispatches from many sections report
agitation and protest movements of
various kinds. The idea Of forcible
resistance to eastern territorial
changes begins to find expression in
some unofficial quarters.
General Won Liebert, one Of the
luminaries of the pam Germans, pub
fishes an article to-day protesting to
be organizing forces for the defence
OF Sllesia and West Prussia, elaborat
ing the scheme in much detail Some
OF the peoples councils in the dis
puted provinces also have adopted
resolutions plainly limiting at res,s-
tance by force.
A Kattowitz dispatch to the
"Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitune,,, renorts =
united opposition there, even in dis
trlcts with strongly Predominant
rolish population, adding that Polish
workmen passionately are asserting
their Will to remain in Germany.
PRESIDENT. Wilson continues to be the
centre OF newspaper discussions. The
papers print daily extracts from his
various public utterances, alleging thai
the treaty conflicts with them. To-
day big placard was placed unon
many walls giving Sin large type the
deadly parallel of the treaty stipula-
uons ard President Wilson's PRINCIPLES.
Inc Idea of refusing to sign seems
to be gaining ground. but Eduard
Bernstein pleads in "Vorwaerts" for
only qualified refusal The Agrarjan
League issued declaration culminat-
ing in the words "Such a peace is un-
acceptable. Death rather than slavery /"
German currency continues it's nro-
cess of rapid depreciation. In three
days Dutch exchange has risen to 105
marks for 100 horins; Swiss to 80.
Swedish to as, and Danish to 40.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
Washinrt0n Is Ininformed

WASHINGTON, May 16.-The Navy
Department has no official information
on the landing of Greek troops at
Smyrna. The department has merely
received report that the battleship
Arizona has arrived there, with no de-
tails as to what she is doing or
whether she is cooperating with the
Allied forces. Captain j. H. Dayton is
in command of the vessel.
The navy has no confirmation of
The Associated Press report that four
destroyers accompanied her. The Ari-
zona, which acted as escort to the
George Washington on the last trip
over of the President, is one of the
newest ships, and carries complement
in excess of 1000 men
Admiral Benson has complete charge
of the cooperation of the American
navy with the Allies, it is pointed out
at the department, and could give any
orders he thought necessary without
much haste about reporting to Wash
ington.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
america Viii Not Be
Betrayed, Says Borah
NetD York Tribune
WCsbirntOo1 R,iroo,t

Washington Bureau
WASHINGTON, May 16-"The United
States will not sell her independence
nor be betrayed into the hands of any
foreign power for the sake of trads
with Germany or any other naton,'
Senator Borah declared tonight in COM
menting upon the Associated Press
dispatch stating that any of the Allies
which refused to sign the German
peace treaty would be barred from
trading with Germany until the treaty
was signed.
"Those who sat behind closed doors
at Versailles and schemed and con-
splred to browbeat and coerce the
American people into a surrender of
their most cherished traditions of our
national life and the most sacred prin-
ciples of our free institutions sadly
underestimated both the intelligence
and the patriotism of the American
people"
1t is taken for granted, however, bv
Republican Senators that not only did
the President permit the insertion of
this clause, but that he probably was
its sponsor, with the end in view of
forcing the United States Senate to
rush through the ratification of the
treaty and of preventing it from hold
ing up the ratification until amend
ments could be forced to the league Of
nations covenant
1t was pointed out here tonight that
the provision probably was not in
tended for Italy, since there will be no
great objection on the part of Italy to
signing the peace treaty with Germany.
The treaty with Germany does not take
up the question of Fiume. That is
contained in the treaty with Austria,
and Senators believe that Italy will
sign the treaty with Germany without
trouble, but will delay signing the
treaty with Austria.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17

tempt to influence the Senate in
China's behalf. In recent -.,Aars it has
been the policy of the Chinese govern
ment, which includes many graduates
of American colleges, to. influence
America to fight China's political and,
was substantially the Chinese policy
here, but President Wilson, upon whom
they relied, accepted the arguments of
the Japanese, supported by Arthur Bal
four, who acted largely as the arbiter
in the settlement. The young Chinese
enthusiasts with an American educa-
ton, refusing to recognize that the
trouble with China is primarily heE
own incompetence and corruption, now
hope to 60 over President Wilson's
head to the American Senate and peo-
Pile, and if they fail in preventing rati-
fication of the Shantung clause Of the
treaty, they hope at any rate to inten-
sify the ill-feeling against Japan.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
NetU York Tribune
FOreiU7t Press Burenfi

Evidence of the duplicity of the
former Central Empires in trying to es-
cape the blame for starting the war
continues to accumulate. The latest
bit of this evidence is a document dis
covered by the Paris correspondent of
THE London Times" In July 1914, the
Austro- Hungarian government sent
Herr Won Weisner TO Serajevo to in
vestigate and report on the circum-
stances of the assassination of the
Archduke Franz Ferdinand. 1t is a
telegraphic report of Herr Won Weis-
ner that "The Times" correspondent
has unearthed The dispatch follows:
Serajevo, July 13, 1914, 1.1O p. m.
knowledge of the Serbian Government
Of the direction of the assassination
plot or participation in its preparation
and the supply of weapons for it is
proved by nothing, and cannot even be
suspected. There are, on the contrary,
many grounds for regarding this sup
position as being untenable.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-17
Emigration Wave
Starts Toward Europe

WASHINGTON May 16.-A wide
spread exodus of aliens from this
country was reported to-day by the
Department of Labor. INQUIRIES bv the
departments investigation and inspec-
tion service have revealed that al
ready large numbers of foreign born
residents are leaving the country and
that even more expect to depart when
steamship accommodations and pass
ports can be obtained.
Unemployment and family interests
were said to be important factors in
stimulating the eastward flow of the
human tide which for decades has set
only westward. Ethelbert Stewart, di-
rector of the investigation service, said
many aliens reported they had not
heard from their families since Europe
was thrown into war, and that they
were going overseas to make q per
sonal investigation.
Another cause of the emigration is
the desire of some aliens to partici-
pate in the settlement of estates of
relatives killed in the war. There
also is the desire of many foreign
born to return to lands nov freed
from German or Austrian domination.
:, Flgures from many cities show
enaI iuliy nlty per cent OF the aliens
OF certain races intend to return to
Europe, many of them to remain there.
An investigation by a steel plant
showed that 81 per cent of it's alien
employees declared their intention to
return and of this number 81 per
cent said they were going to stay.
A prominent Hungarian of Chicago
estimated that so per cent of the
10000 unnaturalized Austro- Hunra-
rians in that city would return to
Europe. In Connecticut city with a
Polish population of about 5000 from
1900 to 1000 expect to return.
Among Lithuanians there is a strong
feeling that if Lithuania becomes in.
dependent there will be large move
ment back to that countrv