Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-04-01
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
~ DR.. ANDREW NJ. SOULE

to 20 years tnat realization is Hdu
of the improper selection. Some spe-
cies develop rapidly and attain their
maximum growth in Is or 90 years;
others develop new beauty and gran
deur after attaining an age of 100
years. AS matter of fact, there
should be a combination of the two;
short-lived trees for immediate eff
feet and protection; long-lived trees
for the permanent effect. However,
in arranging such a planting def
mite understanding should be had as
to when the short-lived trees must
with the development of the perma-
nent planting. Too often badly dis
eased short-lived trees are retained
until so weakened by disease as to
be destroyed by wind. Then there
must be long years Of waiting while
new planting develops. The use
Of short-lived trees should be avoid
ed except when immediate effect is
necessary; often the utilization of
large, vigorous growing shrubs will
obviate their use.
Long-Lived Trees-White and wa
walnut, pines.
Moderate-Lived Trees-Red maple,
ash, sycamore, red oak locust.
Short-lived Trees-Paper mulber-
~, willow, soft maple, cottonwood
(paulonia), Lombardy and Carolina
poplar.
On the farm there should always
be a planting of trees and shrubs
about the buildings, a we'll develop
ed planting often enhancing the value
of the property hundreds and even
thousands, of dollars. II would not
take hundred dollars for that tree"
is not uncommon expression. Stock
in lot and pasture will remain health
Ter and make better gains, when
g1sen protection from wind and
hot
cheaper and more satisfactory than
buildings. Live" fences about pas
lures are cheaply constructed and
maintained, protect stock and great
ly improve the appearance of the
farm.
used land-soil united for agricul-
tural crops and too rough or steep
for grazing. Such an area yields no
return. If planted to trees, erosion
would be prevented, the soil would
be improved yearly by a deposit of
decayed leaves, and the trees when
cut would yield reasonable, if not
high, interest on the investment.
Increases Value
Anything which results in improv-
ing the natural beauty of the country
reacts in increased valuation to in
dividual farms. Good roads has been
very important factor in opening
"
beautiful trees along lanes and road
ways is the influence which fingers
longest in the visitors mind.
In the village or town provision
should be made for street and lawn
paintings. The far-sighted communi-
ty provides for parks in the original
plat. AS soon as possible the care
of trees and shrubs should be dele
gated to a trained official
If the tree has been properly cared
for since youth, repair work, or tree
surgery, will seldom be resorted to.
Usually the difficulty is with old
forest trees which remain after clear
ing, and are thus exposed to new con-
dtions of light and moisture. Very
often these trees have been damaged
in logging, during building, in the
construction of roads and streets, by
lightning, as result of severe winds,
or through careless pruning. IT the
tree is of a short-lived kind, it's re-
moval becomes necessary. AS soon
as signs of decay are noticed pro-
vision should be made for replacing
old trees with healthy young stock
of the proper kinds. The longer this
is delayed the greater the gap be-
tween the removal of the diseased
trees and the establishment Of the
healthy trees.
trance to the heartwood, which is
practically dead tissue, through
.'stubs" left by improper pruning,
by way of wind-broken branches, and
as a result of injuries to the roots.
After the decay has proceeded to
ings and cavities make, their APP
pearance. The "doctoring' of such a
'sick" tree involves the opening up
of the cavity. the clearing out OF
rotted or partly rotted tissue, the
disinfection of the cut surface and
the filling of the cavity with pack
ing material, usually cement or some
coal tar preparation.
In cleaning out the cavity it is adj
visable to enlarge the opening only
sufficiently to enable one to use tools
in the cavity, and to cut the edge
Large half-round chisels and short
bars make the handiest tools for cut
| ting out diseased tissue. If the cav
| ity extends some distance down the
stem below the opening it becomes
advisable to bore a 2-inch hole to be
used for drainage.
After the diseased tissue is loos-
| ened it may be flooded by using wa
| ter under pressure.
The interior of the cavity is then
saturated with creosote or other coal
| tar preparation which tends to de-
stroy the rot-producing organism. II
| the cavity is of such form as to be
! difficult to clean properly it is ad-
visable to spray the interior with
| gasoline and burn out. The bark
about the edge Of the opening is COW
cred with wet burlap to prevent in
| jury.
| The amount of fire can be control
led by the amount of gasoline used
and the application of water prop
| err precautions should be taken in
handling gasoline.) Anger holes may
be placed SO as to insure proper
| draft.
Ready for Filling
The cavity is then ready for the
filling material. If cement is used
screening is tackled about the edge
of the opening. to act as retaining
wall. After filling the exterior sur
face should be smoothed nicely, es-
pecially about the edges where the
cement joins the growing tissue
/ (camhian.) The object is the gradu-
al overlapping of the cement with
the annual layers of new growth.
Old trees often develop weak
crotches which tend to split readily
under pressure of wind. In such a