davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

Its use however, Is largely a matter
to be decided by the personal predi-
lections OF the lawn maker. When
clover IL used the seed should be
sown at the same time as the grass
seed, but as a separate operation.
Glover seed Is heavy and likely to sink
to the bottom OF the package II mixed
with grass seed before sowing. This
results in an uneven distribution of
seed and clover in patches. Use be-
tween one and two ounces to 300
square feet, or about one peck to an
aero.
In shady places where the ordinary
grass mixtures will not thrive those
hardy kinds which succeed under
shade conditions should be planted.
The wood meadow grass is one OF the
best OF these. but appears to be a
scarce article In the seed stores at
present Rhode Island bent, Canadian
blue grass, creeping bent and, when
soil conditions are favorable, Ken
lucky blue grass are also good. Shade
| conditions are sometimes met with
when 1t is next to impossible to get
grass to succeed. In such cases re-
Soui DO oHoulu 10 iiou " tiulllI NY
| (Vinca minor) or Japanese spurge
| (Pachysandra procumbens), which are
satisfactory ground covers for shady
| places.
When the area to be seeded is
small it is more satisfactory to buy a
grass mixture from a reliable firm
rather than to purchase ingredients
separately. Most seedsmen have mix
lures ready prepared for the condi-
tons likely to be met with. 1t is
possible to obtain mixtures adapted
for ordinary soils, for sandy soils. for
shade. for tennis courts, and so OH.
1t Is bad policy to buy a low priced
article. Great variation exists in the
quality OF grass seed. Red top may
vary in weight from 10 TO As pounds
to the bushel. Kentucky blue grass
from 10 to 20 pounds, the difference
being caused by the thoroughness
with which the chaff and foreign mat
ter have been removed. 1t is obvious
that many pitfalls exist for the UNI
wary buyer Of low priced seed, which
may contain an excessive amount OF
char.
The lawn may be seeded down
either IN the spring or fall, the for
mar being prsfsrabls In those sections
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20
MAKE THE WEEDS SERVE.

Keep the weeds out Of the garden
by pulling them as fast as they ap-
pear and before they go to seed.
II there is a place to stand barrel
where it will not be unsightly. throw
all the weeds into this, together with
lawn clippings and leaves later in the
season. A pile can be made of these
instead OF keeping them in a barrel.
Keep all waste vegetable matter, such
as the leaves Of rhubarb, potato par
ings and other vegetable trimmings,
in this barrel or on the pile. The
mass will decay and make what is
equal to leaf mould.
a thin layer OF earth can be spread
over the mass at each foot or two. II
a barrel is used after a while turn the
contents out and fork it over and re-
place. If pile is used. fork it over
in the same way.
The mass can be kept until spring
and spread over the garden, afterward
spreading a little lime. The results
Twill more than Justify the trouble.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

should aim at the Improvement OF the
physical condition of the soil, the ad-
dition Of plant foods and the elimina-
ton of weeds and weed seeds as far as
possible before the grass seed is
planted.
The physical condition Of heavy clay
soils may be improved by ploughing or
digging In the fall, leaving the surface
rough 80 that frost may penetrate
and cause the heavy clods TO crumble.
Lime is of value. as, apart from It's use
as an indirect fertilizer and corrector
Of soil acidity, 1t coagulates the clay
and renders the soil more open and
pervious to air and water. Barnyard
or stable manure, leaves and vege-
table refuse of all kinds can be used
to advantage in tightening and i'm
proving heavy clay soils.
Two great disadvantages Of sandy
soils are the rapddity with which
they lose their water content during
periods of drought and the insolubility
Of the plant foods contained in them
owing to the largeness of the soil par
ticles. Both OF these disadvantages
may be largely overcome by incorpor-
ating with sandy soils liberal
amounts of decayed barnyard manure
(cow manure Is excellent for sandy
soils) and organic matter generally.
This decays and forms humus which
acts as a sponge in holding water
BY its decay acids are liberated which
help to break down insoluble soil
particles. making locked up plant foods
available. Lime Is also good for sandy
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

soils as 1t assists in binding the soil
particles together, thus making the
soil more retentive Of moisture.
Soils that are waterlogged must be
improved by draining. This is usually
accomplished in the case of large
areas by laying tile drains at a depth
Of from 3 to feet and from 20 to so
feet apart
The addition Of plant foods to the
soil for lawns can best be met by the
liberal use of thoroughly decayed
manure. This will provide the neces-
sary humus in addition to the fertiliz-
ing elements 1t contains. A layer
three inches thick should be spread
over the plot before it is dug or
ploughed. II barnyard manure is I'M
available recourse must be had to con-
centrated commercial fertilizers. One
Analysing in the proportions Of about
s per cent. nitrogen. s per cent. phos-
phorus and 10 per cent potash Is suit
able. This should be applied at the
square feet, or about 1900 pounds to
the acre. Owing to war conditions 1t
is unlikely that any fertilizer contain
ing so high a proportion of potash
can be obtained easily at this time. If
unleached hardwood ashes are avail
able they will make up for this lack
of potash. Use fifteen pounds to 800
| square feet.
| 1t should be remembered that the
! best results cannot be obtained from
concentrated fertilizers unless the soil
is we'll supplied with humus. Every
endeavor should be made to insure
that the soil does not lack this i'm
| portant element. AS I have already
mentioned barnyard manure will sup
| ply humus. If ii Is not obtainable
decayed leaves. green" manures "a
crop grown for the purpose of bury
ing it in the soil) or prepared humus
obtainable from most seed stores OF
horticultural supply dealers, may b.
used. If the ground to be made into
growth OF sod or vegetation. the turn
ing under of this and It's subsequen
decay will form humus.
The partial elimination Of weeds ant
weed seeds in ground to be used To-
a lawn may be brought about by fal
lowing. by growing crops that will
smother the weeds or by a combina'
ton Of these two processes.
The ground can be almost entirel,
cleared OF weeds by allowing the plo
to lie fallow during the summer. Fer
tilizer should be applied in the sprint
and the plot ploughed. Subsequen
treatment consists of killing the weed
as the seeds terminate, by frequentl
stirring the soil with harrow
Ground treated in this way can b
seeded to grass in the fall A bette
plan, supposing it is considered desir
able to devote some months to 30
preparation, Is to grow one or NOR
crops to be turned under as gree
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20
When the Best Lawns Are Months Are Devoted
to Preparation Working In Iuus and Clearing Weeds

manure. This will not only reduce the
number of weeds in the plot, but will
also greatly improve the soil, and pre-
vent the teaching of important plant
foods that are already present. An
example OF what may be done along
these lines Is as follows: Fertnize the
plot in the spring, plough. harrow and
plant Canadian field peas. When these
have made good growth. say about the
beginning Of June, plough, harrow and
plant buckwheat. This can be ploughed
under when 1t has reached e. foot or
more in height. After the buckwheat
has been turned under the ground
should be frequently narrowed to kill
any stray weeds, until It Is time to
plant the grass seeds some time In
September. This rather elaborate
treatment should be adopted only when
the lawn is OF SUFFICIENT size and i'm
portance to warrant 1t.
1t is important that the soil be or
uniform depth and fertility. If 1t Is
not the lawn will present a patchy
appearance, due to moisture and nu-
tr,ment being unequally distributed.
which VIII be particularly evident
during dry spells. This point must be
kept in mind when grading opera
lions are being carried out. The soil
must be stripped from the part to be
cut or filled before the grade is cor
rected. A glance at the accompany
ing diagrams will show the necessity
for this. Fig. shows a section OF q
piece OF land that is to be graded to
the line A B. II the ground above
the line A G. is moved into the hole
c B 1t results in the exposure OF the
subsoil at A c and extra depth OF
topsoil at c b; see Fig. 2. The re-
suit is II a lawn Is made on soil
graded in this manner the grass
growing on the topsoil is vigorous and
remains green even in times OF
drought. while the rest is starved
and miserable. By using the correct
method. that Of stripping the topsoil
before correcting the grade. the soil,
when seen in section. appears as in
d.cated in Fig. 8. While on the sub
ject of grading It may be well to men
ton that those who are contemplating
building a house will be well advised
| II they insist on the builders stripping
the topsoil over the site of the house
and for about ten feet beyond. this to
be done before any excavations are
commenced for foundations or cellar.
| Subsoil from the cellar hole should not
be dumped where 1t will cover up
good topsoil Some builders are not
particular where they dump subsoil
so long as 1t does not involve a long
haul The writer speaks from bitter
experience.
The application Of lime before plant
ing is an advantage on many soils.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

Landscape architects are insistent
on the important part played by the
lawn in providing the element Of rest
fulness SO necessary in the garden II
II It is to be truly recreative and en-
1oyable. 1t Is undoubtedly true that a
well ordered lawn does give q sense Of
reposs unsurpassed by any other garden
feature. but the opposite is true Of far
too many lawns. Instead Of the eye
being charmed and the senses soothed
by the sight Of cool expanse Of green
1t too often happens that bare, I'M
slightly patches and weeds are pre-
dominant, and, instead of being rested,
one is irritated and heated to fever
pitch with the thought that all those
weeds ought to be pulled out. The
prerequisites for q really good lawn,
are careful and thorough preparation
Of the soil, liberality in sowing the
best kind OF grass seed and proper
care. especially in the early stages of
the lawns existence, to keep down
the weeds that are sure to appear.
Also the lawn must be moved, rolled
and watered (if necessary at the right
seasons. When a lawn is made one
usually intends 1t to be a more or less
permanent feature and extra care in
the preliminaries is far from being
time and money wasted. Instead OF
deteriorating with age as so many
lawns do, they should improve as time
goes on.
The preparation of the ground may
be looked at from several angles. One
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

handle can be used for this purpose
Gig. ~.
Be liberal with grass seed when
making a lawn. II one skimps on seed
IL results in thin stand of grass and
gives weed seeds a fine opportunity to
get ahead and choke out what little
grass there Is. To get such a lawn
into good condition necessitates much
backbreaking work and may require
breaking up the lawn and a fresh
start. A generous sowing of grass
seed insures a good stand, which will
choke out many OF the weeds. a fair
quantity to use Is one quart of seed
to 800 square feet. or to bushels to
one acre.
It Is customary to use mixture of
several species OF grass for lawn pur-
poses. Conditions as to shade. mois-
ture and texture Of soil vary on most
areas devoted to lawns, and by using
a mixture Of grasses adapted to vari-
Gus conditions one Is almost sure to
get permanent lawn. Kentucky
blue grass Is considered to be the best
grass for lawns in the North Atlantic
States, especially on heavy soils, and
1t should form the basis of all grass
seed mixtures. Red top and Rhode ISL
end may be used with 1t to advantage,
as these two grasses are fast growing
and cover the ground until the Ven
lucky blue grass gets a good start,
! when. IL conditions are favorable, II
may be expected to crowd them out.
The proportion in which these grasses
are frequently used is two parts. by
weight. Of Kentucky blue grass to one
each OF red top and Rhode Island bent.
The two latter grasses are well suited
to sandy soils. 1t Is good practice to
use white clover in lawns, especially
when the soil is sandy. Pecause OF its
deeply penetrating roots It withstands
drought and also protects the young
grasses until they become established
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20
OHIO CLAIMS LARGEST ELM
TREE.

The largest elm tree in the United
States is in Rathbone, near Marietta,
according to tree experts. 1t is 81
feet in circumference and is esti-
mated to be from 500 to 700 years old.
The tree has a spread of 1876 feet and
has five limbs branching out from the
main trunk as large as ordinary trees.
Has New England an elm tree to
equal it?
Another famous tree in Ohio, a
sycamore, was located about one mile
below Beverly on the Muskingum
River. Records collected by the De-
partment of Forestry at the Ohio Ex-
pertinent Station show that an early
tree because of its amazing size. His
record shows that in 1902 the tree
was AZ feet in circumference and that
Gen. George Washington had also
made notes concerning the tree in his
early travels into what was Their
known as the West During the lat
ter part Of the nineteenth century the
tree became hollow to such an ex
tent that one could stand inside the
cavity and turn an 11-foot rail arount
In 1t. The tree lost many Of IT.
branches before it disappeared be
meath the waters of the Muskingur
during the cavern Of the bank IL
1904.
Early records show that many gi
gantic walnut trees were in the for
est around this immense sycamore
Many OF them were so large tina
when lying on the ground they coult
be chinned by a man. Much Of thu
early fence between Beverly and Ma
rietta was constructed from walnu
rails which were made from thes
| trees
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

there are ample facilities for applying
water artificially. Fall sowing should
take place some time between the
latter part OF August and the begin
ming OF October.
In some situations 1t Is advisable to
use sods in order to obtain a growth
OF grass. On steep slopes, terrace
banks. and for the edges along walks
sodding can be done to advantage. The
soil should be prepared as previously
described, making allowance for the
rise in grade occasioned by the thick
ness of the sods. These should consist
of grass, not weeds. of a convenient
size for Neutrality-suspicious. two inches
are laid in position they must be
rolled or pounded with a tamper.
When the grass Is between two and
three inches high it should be cut
The mower should be in good condi-
ton and the blades set about two
inches above the soil level. When the
ground Is soft or sandy 1t is a good
plan to roll the grass a day or two
before moving. This will compact the
soil about the grass roots and prevent
the young grass from being pulled ur
when the mower is used. Cutting
should be frequent throughout the
whole OF the time that the grass Is
growing, the aim being to avoid the
necessity OF removing the clippings
| from the lawn. These clippings, If no
too heavy, form a valuable mulch anC
are Of great benefit to the lawn. Weeds
must be assiduously hunted. fertiliza
ton attended to, and the prospect will
then he bright for a lawn that will b
thing Of beauty and really wortl
while. MONTAGUE FREE.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20
CITIES SHOULD START MUNICH
PAL FOREST PARKS.

That municipal forests could profit
ably be established by many cities
is the opinion of Edmund Secrest,
forester at the Ohio Experiment Sta
ton. His opinion is based upon the
fact that there are many municipal
forests in New England and that such
woodlands have been established in
Europe for 500 years.
Many municipalities have areas OF
rough or hilly lands near their limits,
which in many cases may be already
partially covered with native forests.
In other sections planting could be
done to reforest cleared land which
could easily be converted into a for
est park"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20
DAHLIA AND CHRYSANTHEMUM
SHOWS.

The American Institute Of the City
of New York and the American Dahlia
Society will hold an exhibition Of dahl
las in the Engineering Society Build
ing, SO West Thirty-ninth street, New
York city, on September 20 to 25. The
American Institute and the Chrys-
anthemum Society of America will
hold an exhibition Of chrysanthemums
at the Engineering Society Building
on November to Z.
Information in regard to these ex-
hibitions may be had by applying to
William A. Eagleson, secretary, 1922
West Twenty-third street, New York
city.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20
GLADIoLI

leyensis. scarlet; Haley, salmon-red Pink
beauty. earliest of ali. 40 cents per dozen;
baron Hulot. Faust. wine,red; Glory Of
Holland. white. vigorous Hilda, red. new;
Francis King, scarlet; Princeps. brilliant
scarlet. so cents per dozen; 80 per 100.
Extra choice mixture. SO cents per dozen;
CANNAS
Fine for beds and borders. Af have
large flowers of brilliant colors. Price 20
cents each: 81 per dozen. Our plants are
started In pots and are ready to set out on
Gladiator. yellow with crimson spots.
oG%Hpe odia sSw nsn
foliage, King q Bron.s:: aniS.: bronze
s S1%son petal. %iih soiGsn sds. Mass:
sopx.nir dAntSns Gro1y S.5't NTH
The following are rs cents each: .2se
Mrs. Alfred F. Conard. large salmon pink
flowers, green foliage: Rosea siGantes.
Sn,aIa' ,ro'scpin1h nowers Wint.sr:
In diameter Yellow Klns Humbert, bright
yellow flowers. green foliage.
DAHLIAS
Cactus, best named varieties, IS cents
DECORATIVE DAHLlAS
Crimson Giant. an enormous large GRIM
son flower. rs cents each. John Wanna
maker. gorgeous. large, rose pink. 50 cents.
Old Gold. very fine golden yellow. SO cents:
Princess Juliana, very free Towering and
attractive pure white, so cents. 1 plant Of
each Of the above q piantO $3.50 postpaid.
PEONY.FLOWERED DAHLIAS
Adele, very fine canary yellow. 25
cents. r. r. Austin. csrmine. sufrused
with yellow and cream, 80 cents DR..
Peary, dark velvety mahogany red. the
darkest. so cents. White Dove, extremely
fine pure white, 81 each. plant of each
of the above q plants) s2.25 postpaid.
Send for complete list OF Dahlias and
Gladoli. We pay express charges. east of
tho Mississippi.
VAN BOURGONDIEN BROS.
Box A. Babylon, L. l., N. Y.
Nurseries at Babylon. L. l.. and
HilleKom, Holland.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20
THE REFUSE PIT.

Everywhere 1t Is becoming more
difficult to get stable manure. Gar
deners who have the room can help
the difficult situation by making a pit
about three feet deep in some out OF
the way place, and in this throw all
green material. such as the clippings
from the lawn. potato, bean and pea
vines, the tops Of dahlias. cannas aud
other similar material In the autumn
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20
PER WAY TO GRADE AND PREPARE A PERMANENT LAWN
The Brooklyn Botanic Gardens Head Gardener Makes
Acres of Lawns and Tells Just How to Do 1t

campaign and the victory garden VIII
20 over the top with flying colors.
The individual victory garden is
small amount, but we all rememhs-
the old familiar verse
Little drops Of water,
Little grains of sand
Make the mighty ocean
And the beauteous land.
Paraphrasing this we have
Little hills Of corn,
Little rows Of peas,
Leave the farm productions
For shipment overseas.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20
REPoTrING FERNS.

Ferns that have been growing in
the house or conservatory are likely
to need reporting.
An ideal potting soil for ferns Is
three parts loan, one part leaf mold,
a little sand and some well rotted
manure, all thoroughly mixed.
Cut away all the dead fronds and
old ones that may be infested with
scale. In the case Of maiden hair
ferns, cut away all the old fronds II
infected, and burn them.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

When our great grandmothers were
girls tomatoes were called love APP
pies" and one or two plants were
grown in the garden or flower beds on
account Of their bright red fruits. No
one thought of eating them. for they
were considered poisonous. When after
time 1t was found that they were
not poisonous. people began TO eat
them and they soon became one of
the standard garden vegetables.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

leaves can be gathered and added to
the mass.
The pile will sink as 1t decays, and
after a few months the whole pile can
be turned over, when that at the bot
tom will be ready for use.
All woody material, prunings and 30
on. should be burned and the ashes
preserved dry, as they contain potash
and can be spread over the garden as
wanted.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20
TO BE AVOIDED.

TO be avoided in the vegetable gar
Cen:
Too large a garden.
Too much variety.
Too close planting.
Too much seed.
Too thick O stand Of plants.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

where very severe winters are expe-
rienced. When made in spring the
work should be commenced as soon
as possible after the soil is in a friable
condition. From the latter part Of
March until the middle of May condi-
tons are usually favorable. When the
lawn is made in the fall the state of
the weather should largely determine
the time Of seeding. 1t is unwise to
SOW during period of drought unless
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20
.saI.s.z .aa.-r,~ YOUR
NSNS..l'ss ss ssss::: CALLS

The Sunlight Sash.
whether set on Hot.
beds, Cold Frames
or our small. mex
pensive, re q d y =.
made Greenhouse,
are the class for
results and last q
lifetime.
order now and
have them ready. II
glazed both sides
they eliminate the
mats and shutters.
The SuntrRpz fra
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

TOBACCO STEMS."-s2.oO Bale; 100
pounds; $500 Ton 20 Bales; cures lice on
chickens, cattle, horses. Tobacco Dust"
$500 100 pounds; cash with order. f. O. b.
cars. H. j. BREITWlESER, Buffalo,
y. Y. 81 Years Business Experience.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

BELLEMEADs. sweetest ever bearing
strawberries, y pint to plant season,
~ per 100: Pillar OF Fire: Wonderful Rose,
large flower In immense clusters. 81 for 8.
NANZANlT,
Bellemead. New Jersey.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-20

FOR SALE--l-3 share of 500 acre New
York sheep farm. fenced and stocked.
CLARE GREGORY Mt Vision. n. Y
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-10-17
GRADY FARNE Rs
HAVE HARD TIME.
To SECURE HELP

Grady county farmers are unable
to secure farm labor, j. w Owens,
county agent declared this morning.
"One hundred men are now needed
on the farms Of Grady county" Mr..
Owens said 81 have been searching
for men to fill the places, but I am
unable to get help for the farmers
The situation is critical
Included in the want list is hands
fqr general farm work; as much as
$50 per month, board and room is
offered by farmers desiring these
men. Gotten p,ckers are also wanted,
at a price Of $500 per hundred Sey-
eral corn shuckers are needed The
price for this work has been set at
10 cents per bushel.
"Unless some farm labor is found
the loss to Grady county farmers will
be heavy. There is no apparent re-
lief"