davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-01-05
Y. NJ c. A. Has Accomplished Great Task
As This Review Of Years Achievements Reveals

1918 it is estimated that today there are 6O4S
1895 in ~" uniform overseas. Women are
being at the rate OF 100 week for
with the army in the leave areas and debarkation
ports of France and England
The Y. NJ c. A. refers with pride to the response of
the of America to the Associations
call for service with the coors and recalls their
record and the list of casualties these civilian
workers The ~ casualty list complete only so far
the concerned, follows: Nine workers.
two of them women, killed by shell hre while on
duty 2S were wounded or gassed severely many others
received minor injuries and 81 died in the service
chiefly exposure and overwcrk. Also the
records of the personnel board are the names Of 10
who have been decorated for bravery by the
United Allied armies
In every major engagement in which American
troops took part the adds the Triangle of
the Y. NJ. G A. in the thick Of the fighting. The
report records that a Y" woman was the first Amer
lean woman Chateau Therry. During the German
drive which stopped at the Marine the ~ lost
hundreds OF thousands of dollars worth Of supplies
which had been assembled where they would be most
needed. During all these engagements Of the spring
summer. the review states, the "Y" workers
away the in action than million dollars
worth of smokes and sweets hot drinks and other com
forts. supply trucks used ambuances and the
~ stretcher bearer drill proved its value in actual
practice
REPEAT FORMER FEATs.
Mihiel the history written by the ~ the
Marine was repeated and again in the Argonne Forest
Red Triangle in the advanced posts. says TIE
report. John sherman Hoyt. vice-chairman of the
Y. NJ c. A Work Council. VINO the ground
At the time in his contribution the review OF
the year 700 and TAO trucks assigned
to this area and operated successfully the OF
great difficulties.
As an instance Of efficiency the review mentions the
agreement made with the Red cross, by which dupli
cation service avoided and the Red Cross
sumed responsibility for the entire service pro-
gram hospitals the y" combining its efforts
providing for the welfare Of the men who not
invalided This work, from figures furnished by the
construction department. is being carried in
than 500 huts and about 400 other buildings,
hotels. theaters and leave resorts
The Y. II. c. A. now operates seven distinct leave
areas n France. The soldier leave may take his
choice OF mountain, country seashore Ia
cdes for accommodating tens of thousands Of men
al operated. IN these leave IN
the camps and trenches the ~ provides the home,
club. church. theater AMI school Except for
sonal priced vaudeville performances the
leave areas. all the service is without charge the
the review.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-01-05

in history in geographical fact for
it is the Bug river which supplies the only natural
frontier in this quarter.
In eastern Gacia the decision is harder Lemberg
is old center Of Polish culture and population
the surrounding districts with few notable exceptions
are RGthenian and the Ruthenian element dominates
east OF the beyond Przemys of consonantaI
cries II also crosses the Carpathians and dips into
Hungary while it covers the northern half of the
Bukovina claimed by Roumania occupied by
garrsons of the latter power.
despite certain heart burnngs. there is no in
superabe obstacle TO enduring settlement Of the
disputes between the poles and the Ruthenians. and
settlement nsures we'll defined Polish frontier
the east while together Austrian dis
tricts certain included in the Polish will
supply population Of above IT 900 in very large
place will, moreover. offer eccentric projections
Really considerable natural frontier between the
it is impossible find at the CarDahians for
certain distance along the Bug since this region is
portion of the plain but roughly speaking. Pc
land will hold the valley Of the vstula the cradle
OF the
MAIN DIFFICULTIES ON
GERMAN SIDE
II is the German side that the main difficulties
To begin the south the upper third the
Prussan province of Slesia. which had been Prussian
since the days when Frederick the Great stole
ceny the grand style is purely Polish in its pOpua
ton This is the region too of great mineral and
industrial Development II Germany loses It, she
is bound to lose her other region Asace
Lorraine she win be deprived OF tho greater of
the material out OF which she erected her great
nomic edihce in the last half century Yet the
frontiers drawn here divisions. aside
small dispute between the Czechs ana the Poles IN
Teschen region. there will be than justice
done the Poles. and the question of making the
frontiers involves great puzzles.
AS proceeds nortnward, however. real difficult
ties encountered those of Posen and of the Danzig
extension. Westward from the solid OF Polish
speaking peoples there extends about and beyond the
Prusslan city Of Posen to the Oder and the Warha,
point hardly a miles Berlin, a great
wedge &C Polish speaking people This wedge is shaped
rather like regular triangle with its point toward
Berlin. In this region, comprehended in the Prussian
province of Posen, not only is the population
whelmingly Polish but here the general level of edu
cation and OF consciousness is perhaps higher
than in any other polish section. Here, too fighting
Prussian brutality the Poles have for than half
a century made gallant struggle crowned with large
But if POsen passes to Poland, It must
basis of self, determination, then a great wedge is
driven between the Prussans the north and south
Posen. But this is obstacle than that
supplied by the Polish situation in East and West
Prussia Here, the west bank of the Vstua river.
a relatively of Polish speaking districts
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-01-05

extends straight to the Baltic west of Danzig with
some so miles OF sea north Of the Gulf of Danzig
Danzg itself purely Polish town has Ger
manzed in recent decades, but still contains Polish
minority.
II this Polish arm is to be allotted to Poland then
at least a million and half Germans between the
the Memel. with Konigsberg their cap
tal will be separated from the main Of
TO the westward Isolated politically and economically
, henmed IN by Poles Iithuanians and occupying
IA thin facade between the Baltic and the solid block Of
Poles 10 the south This was the situation when Fred
erck the Great engineered the first partition of Pc
land in 1872 to obtain land communication with his
East Prusslan territories.
DANGER OF NOT HAVING
OUTLET TIE SEA.
BY contrast if this Polish arm. with Danzig does
not fall 10 the Poland. there will be created a
with least 100000 people within its frontier
highly inGusrialized capable of indefinite economic
expansion. but lacking outlet the Such
a nation will he wholly at the mercy of the Germans
occupying the narrow strip between the Baltic and
Poland and thus holding the lower waches of
the Visula which is to Poland what the Mississippi
to the region between the Alleghenes and
the Rockies before the railroads.
II is quite plain that If Poland Is TO be strong in
dependent nation economically politically mus.
have an outlet upon the sea- have Danzig. II
can only outlet BY solating Prussia and
would be wholly insecure just long Prussia cher
ishe hope retaining her landward connection
with East Prussia.
We have here, then, OF the difficult of ali
problems The basis of self determination does
suffice because if YOU followed boundaries
~ would reach the Baltic and the separation
Prussans would be achieved, but Danzig would
remain Prussian and Poland would have seaport,
shore Polish strip the Baltic sandy
and inhospitable Therefore, plain Danzg
10 Poland. that the whole OF the Polish
speaking bank OF the Vistua be included. in
Polish state. 1t is equally plain that Posen
must be restored Poland it not safely included
Prussia until the Congress of Vienna whch parti-
toned Napoleon's Grand Duchy of Warsaw, the sur
vivng remnant of the Polish kingdom, is it less
necessary that Poland should have Polish Silesia.
Thus constituted with only Polish speaking regions
included, would a al
$4,000 900 people far larger in than modern Italy
hla that
other races notably with the Lthuanians and the Ru
thenans. settled by the inclusion of large
territory Polish. inhabited other
in part at least, then the Poland would have
a great that OF France and less than
3O0OO.O0O of people.
AN INESC APABIE CAUSE
NEW WARS.
But this really great state would still have the
only frontage Of some 90 miles. with Danzg
its sole port, and between the Visula and the NIeme
strip inhabited by Prussan Germans, with Ger
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-01-05

ports has been given without cost to an extent
the ''Y" estimates could duplicated country
only a Office of 100000. This is based
the operations of average month, during which
5000 shows given a turnstiIe of $4,000
m the American and Allied armies. Neasy 80
theatrical companies recruited in the United states
by the y. NJ. c. A entertain the
soldiers and the encouraged to develop anna
teur entertainments among themselves. To this end
25 professional coaches France hundreds
plays loaned the for their shows
and costumes without number supplied.
SUPPLY SPORTS EQUIPMENT
athletic sports the records Of the 'Y state that
the soldiers had the use OF nearly million dollars
worth of sports equipment and entered into great
games under the leadership several hundred
sports directors That this program will continue
ing the winter is shown by shipment athletic
supplies valued a. s173.cCO during November, 1918.
An activity which was not on the program at all
year ago has become its important
Under the direction Of the Y. NJ. c. A. Army
Commission hundreds of thousands of SOL
occupation rehabilitation Correspondence courses
will play important part in the system The most
elementary subjects will be taught and academ-
cally qualified will be admitted to French and English
universities.
Nearly all of the activities which have been Set up
the American forces be found IL the French
Italian At the of the military and
civil authorities of France and Italy the Y. NJ c. A
extend its include the pou and the
fighting of Italy. AS this old year the
Y" is supervising the operation 1900 Fovers
Soldat in France and with nucleus Of American work
Italy has up chain of hundreds Case del
Soldato 'Y" workers have served in MesOpOamia. in
SalOniki the Portuguese army, among the Chinese
labor battalions. and in Russia.
The work in the home camps has been at the peak
than q year. Nearly 5000 workers il
and environments, the greater
number Of them their war service Is nearing the end
the other hand. industries whose production
has been accelerated by the program Of the Y NJ c. A
demanding a continuation OF this service durins
the period OF reconstruction
1t has been the boast Of the Y. NJ c. A that the Red
Triangle everywhere with the army except over
the top The review declares thar for months the ooD
troop ship that has had ~ serve
the boys has been the exception. Arrangements have
been made to have Y secretaries return &c America
with the units which they attached during the
fighting and occupation peros For three months after
being mustered the soldiers 20 nave full mem
bershp privileges in the local Y. NJ c a without
Finally II is announced that the program Of the
Y" viii be continued long there IS uniformed
unit oversees or in the rehabilitation camps.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-01-05

NEW YORK Jan A review Of the year which
Young Mems Christian Association regards the
greatest history the organization
accomplishment made public today by the Asso-
ciation's War Work Council The review deals with
the complaints of canteen overcharses made by some
Of the returning soldiers refers to the departments
investigation. which il says exoneraed the "Y, and
that OF frequent reteraton of these and
other complaints by returning soldiers John r. Mott
general secretary of the Council, has askei
be investigated by the inspector gen
eraI
1T is our Judgment" says DR. Mott that these com
plants should be frankly and fearessy faced If
ignore criticism would be false trust
duty TO discover the unfounded criticism,
patriotic organization. a matter of simple hon
esty may not be blghted unjustiy equally
duty discover the we'll founded criticism order
that we may adopt constructive program that will
obviae future policy lax administration Of
the past.
lis that the Y. NJ. c. A. has been guilty OF
proftng in the operation OF its post exchanges
The following telegram from the third assistant
secretary of Frederick Keppel is sef-expana-
tory:
Matter Of prices asked by Young Mems Christian
Association for articles sold overseas
already investigated by war department and condition
being remeded. Young Mems Christian Association
originally asked by Gen Pershing canteen for
cost basis To do this had to reckon IN price
fixing overhead charges transportation charges
marine insurance that prices were much higher
than in this country. Young Mems Christian AssOcia
ton made no profit but lost thousands Of dollars Ar
engagements now made Will enable them to obtain
plies that will reduce overhead charges
and keep prices down.
Raymond b. Fosdick chairman of the Commission
Training Camp Activities OF the department, fol-
from Europe recently, stated that he
went this matter thoroughly and found the
plants absolutely without foundation mention this
matter only because the widespread is
organization which is doing heroic service
Criticism OF the " the review states. thus
leveled at branch Of the associations which
multiplied in volume of during the year Receipts
Of than 81 600 600 in the post exchange system
January had than S5.0CO,0OO a month
by September. 1915 and since then have maintained
At these post exchanges. millions Of dollars
the folks home have been handled
without charges by the "Y"
GREAT INCREASE FORCE.
year aEO. according the the
sonnet board the y. NJ. A. there than
1900 "Y' and women overseas standing by the
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-01-05
By FRANK H. SIMONDS
News Times and Associated Newspapers
War Expert.

passed into the hideous slavery which endured I'D 90
The hour when Germany surrendered. In the last
war now ending, Russian Poles fought against German
and Austrian Poles Russian and Austrian Polish re-
gions were swept again and by destructive In
vasion.
Today. in some fashion. Poland is eBercinR Rms
sian and Austrian Polish districts already united
there IS provisional government in the old capital OF
warsaw, ard Cracow Is once Polish only
other day Polish troops entered Danzig ana Poland
and the Polish element rapidly obtaining control in
upper Silesia. great tasl, is virtua1Iv accom-
plished; remains for the western powers 20 ia tho
frontiers With full appreciation OF the needs OF tn
new IS thus created and thereafter 10 as
sure 10 IL protection in the future DANGEROUS
days Of beginning
FIRST YEARS WILL
BE DANGEROUS PERIOD
That the first years viii dangerous must be rec
ognzed. new ana strong Poland will deprive Ger
many of not less than 100000 people two-thrds
or them Poles 10 be sure IL viii take from Germany
three times as great as Alsace- Ilor-
rane with mineral wealth at least as great II viii
nfiict a wound which Germany viii long resent al.
though it will be merely beated act q jus
tice. returning the Poles ancient heritage
stolen from them by Hollenzollern might century ma
half and held from them by tyranny ever
since.
Prest Wilson has already officially expressed Amer
cas sympathy with the liberation is one
OF the soundest Of the II points The nations
have given European sanction to Polish aspirations
while Polish troops f6hting the Allied side In
France and elsewhere have contributed materially
the common victory thus renewing the
when Poland gave France Marshal and Napoleon
thousands his best troops We in America nave 20
remember KosciUsko a few other Poles who
fought for in struggle for liberty
In all history there has been a example
Of poetic justice than the PolanC sun
plies Of her three old oppressors Austria has
appeared, Russia has gone to chaos and ruin Prussia
is at the mercy Of the great western powers Beaten,
mutilated destroyed in all save spirit b.
and half Of Poland rising again Belgium
and Serbia have risen from bondage far
and shortlived. Thus is being indicated again the
vitality Of national consciousness the Immortality
races Before America BEGAN its Independent hstory
at Concord and Lexington in 1875, the fan
in sight and the spoiaton had opened by
partition of 1872. Yet il America has become world.
Poland has lived and by this fact is now rs
ing TO her old of OF III
rope.
In addition to the Polish problem, the Congress of
Versailles Will have to decide both Finland ar
the Baltic provinces. As 10 Finland the decision viii
be Through all the Russian period lasting
Just over century Finland preserved its character
and n semblance Of autonomy. With the collapse of
Russia the Firms. aided by the Germans sought
achieve independence. Under German influence @
sovereign chosen from Germany FINLAND
seemed destined 10 become Of the outyius
dependencies Of Germany
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-01-05

IL

sympathies. would separate the Poles the
Here would be the inescapabe cause for
for rivaIres and for ambitions.
that for this situation there be but solution
Not include the whole sea coast from the Polish strip
10 the Mcneil in the Poland, would hold
temptations another Polish partition
This particular problem will be long debated.
claims of the Germans and OF the Slava both
posing All depends whether II be the purpose at
Versailles follow abstract principles vigorously
living and enduring nations, with proper
gard for conflicting claims which do not stand in tho
way OF this subject. Whether future Of 90
100000 of Poles whose have been for
turtles the victims Of the ossest wrongs is to count or
that Of 100000 Germans themselves invaders in the
far of times thus be the real question.
Aside from the problem of the Prussias. however
Polish question is relatively simple nation
going rise the ruins of the old. with population
great that of France a century ago. and
which may equal that OF contemporary France and
will exceed that of reunited Italy What the final
frontiers OF this state the eastward will be,
accurately forecast. But all other sides
the frontiers of language and the principles of self de-
termin nation supply reasonably safe guides.
Within this state the population will be
whelmingy Polish the possibilities OF economic OK
panson with the inclusion the districts Of
eSilesa the restoration OF the old manufacturing
of LODI and Warsaw definite. Poland.
Russian Poland. the factory before the
war; the new Poland may easily possess itself Of the
Russian market 10 the exclusion of the German who
dreamed to dominate stricken SIavdonl the of
the present and expressed their purpose at Brest
Ldtovsk.
All is however, conditioned upon the erection OF
real Polish Compromises which sacrifice the
future viii easily spoil the whole leave Poland
more prey 10 the cupidty Of surrounding
tons. A strong Poland will be a guarantee the
cluson of Germany from Russia It viii he bulwark
behind which Russia rise again and il will
control the the subject nattonaH-
and PROVINCES the possession OF which Prussia
and Germany have dragged Europe through two cen
turtles of
DESTRUCTION OF POLAND
SORDID CRIME OF HISTORY.
The destruction OF Poland Of the
sordid crimes in all history For other
defense that of the German doctrine of force.
Poland weak and shaken by internal dissension.
Frederick the Great desiring join East Prussia
his kingdom OF land routes and hoping to avoid
attacks from his old enemies by luring them into
project to despo neighbOr. planned the FIRST parti-
ton.
the Congress of Vienna Alexander of Russia Ions
nourished the noble idea of restoring Poland under
Russian protection. While he held to the idea, there
hope for Poland; when he surrendered it, Pc
land lost, although all the sovereigns at Vienna
signed solemn compact agreeing TO Polish
liberties within their domains Even this last
shred of liberty Poland lost before long and then
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-01-05
GREAT INCREASE IN FORCE.

one year asO. according the OF the
board OF the y. NJ c. A. there fewer than
1900 ~" and women overseas standing by the
men in uniform. From figures available on Dec. -.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-01-05
FINLAND LIKELY To
BECOME INDEPENDENT.

plete Independence That il will return 70 it's old
Swedish association utterly improbable rather We
likely independent nation larger
in than the British Isles. with a population IA
excess of 100000 emerge from the shadow
sian slavery and take its place the Baltic
South OF the Gulf OF Finland and along the shores
the Baltic still another complication be facet
ard solved. in the three Baltic provinces OF Russia
Livonia Esthonia and the Kurland acquired by Peter
the in 1921. and in several governments
east of the Niemen are some 100000 of people, Es
thonians Let's Lithuanians and Germans with Polish
and Russian infusions who. under German direction.
when Germany victorious. be erected into
a nation in which the Germany minority
else dominant influence.
Of the several groups people making up the popu-
lation of this region the Ithuanians are the most u
are Slavonic. and the Esthonians Films each
exceed OOO 900 while the Germans do not number
more than 100 900. Yet Riga the largest city Is an
old OF German culture. with a very marked
character. Indeed. this whole shore
thing Of the alien quality the Adriatic
In the north the culture and the is German.
south Italian, but cases The popu-
lation of the Thinderlands Slav.
Long before the present the Slavs the Baltic
provinces revOlted sought o escape the Russian
rule. itself more than consent 70 the systematic
plundering OF the country by thar German nobility,
which maintained its influence through the aid OF
Russian court. always Teutonic I'm sympathy. Since
Russia fell Germany has had her hour. seeking
through the agent who had transferred their a5-
glance Berlin. Now, with Russia Germany both
fallen provincial authorities are seeking TO prevent
the invasion OF Boshevism and have already invoked
aid Of Allied fleet.
NFCW STATE INFECTED
FROM BALTIC PROVINCES.
II seems TO be the common expectation that
will framed these Baltic provinces with
the addition Of certain Russian lands 20 the souhard
Esthonia. Livona and the Kurand the problem
simple and the frontiers OF or geography
easy draw. But the south where pole and Idthu
claims conflict. Is otherwise. Vet the polish
OF a reunion OF Poland and Litouania falls then
expect to see the Lithuanian. Let's and
thonan districts united in single state occupying the
whole Baltic lttoral from the Nemen the Gulf ~
Finland, with Riga its capital
Finland, Lthuana. Poland these are the thre-
be created recreated in the north an
them the German effort TO dominate failed: bat
make the German failure complete and close the
the Teutonic tribes. essential
all three OF these states snail be built upon solid
foundation Nor Is the danger threatening less
menacing that the German since Bolshsvism plan
mig a westward advance that hardly be STAYED
without the prompt and effective Intervention OF tn
Allied fleets and armies.
Thus the Poland, which is save Russia from
German. may have its first mission west
ern Europe from Bosheyism. the Poland OF Sobies
saved Europe from the TURK.
Copyright 1919. by Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-01-05
AN INESCAPABLE CAUSE
FOR NEW WARS.

NEW WARS.
this really great state would still have the
only frontage Of 90 miles. with Danzig
its sole port, and between the Vstua and the Mcneil
strip inhabited by Prussian Germans with