New-York tribune., 1919-07-15

immense naval and military arma-
ments. Under existing conditions we
have always asserted that our hold
upon this canal was mo stronger than
the American navy. This canal, with
the exception Of our home territory, is
the most valuable possession we have.
Is our hold upon this canal lcssened
or strengthened by this article? This
is vital question. Great Britain is
the only nation sufficiently strong
ship. With a navy far exceeding ours,
she constitutes the only menace. In
this article she pledges not only to re-
spect herself our ownership of the
canal and zone, but to preserve it from
all external aggression. Thus our own
ership under the league would be made
as secure as it could be made by ma
tional1 promise and power
y Nations to Cooperate
."While the obligation under Article
10 is . assumed individually by the
members Of the league, yet its enforce
ment requires the cooperation of the
several members.
Thus under article 10 no troops of
the United States could be sent to en-
representative in the council and the
approval of her Congress. This insures
US against undue burdens and imposi-
tioNs
"The next important provision con-
tanned in the covenant for the promo
tion of peace are those providing for
the settlement of international dis
putes.
"Article 13 of the covenant controls
matters submitted to arbitration
Under this article arbitration is not
compulsory. 1t is left absolutely to
the members of the league to deter
mine whether the matter of dispute
shall he submitted to arbitration. 1t
is left for them to decide whether it
is suitable matter for arbitration.
Adjudication Of Disputes
"Ihe next important provision to- in
sure peace and prevent war between
nations is that providing for the settle
ment of intcrna tional disputes which
have not been referred to arbitration.
THE covenant provides:
of a report by the council is
unanimously agreed to by the men,
bcrs thereof other than the repre-
sentatives of one or more Of the
parties to the dispute, the members
of the league agree that they will
not go to war with any PARTY to the
dispute which complies with the rec
concentrations Of the report
Let us determine definitely the ef-
feet of this obligation and what it
means. In all matters Of dispute in
which the United States is not party
it pledges us not TO 60 20 war with
o,,f>y Il, Il, ,al~
plies with the recommendation Of the
report of the council and to which o,:r
representative in the council has as
sented. Reports upon disputed matters
to which we are not parties must
whether referred to the council or the
assembly, have the concurrence of our
representatives. Thus, in all such
cases, we are simply protected. Ii
those disputes referred to the counci!
to which the United States is party
and in which cases her representative
and those of the other parties are pre-
cluded from Sacting, we pledge our
selves that if'all the other members OF
the council concur in report we will
not so to war with any party to the
dispute that complies with the recon-
mondations of the report. 1t means, if
the report is favorable to us and the
other party complies with the recon-
mendation, we will not make war.
This agreement far from being {
t prejudicial fetter upon nations is 6
most beneficial restraint and will tend
to save them from many reckless anc
disastrous wars. Under this article
any disputed matter may be referred
/ to the assembly for action. either by
the council, or any party to the dispute
can have 1T referred or request tour
teen days after the Submission.
THE only way that immigration into
this country could ever so to the
league for consideration or action
would be in a dispute regarding the
Interpretation of q treaty that we made
with some nation upon that question
"lohout the c@istcMee of such Il treaty
the league is debarrcd from all juris-
diction. We have full power to revoke
any treaty made involving immigra.
tion. Thus it is left for US to deter
mine whether this question shall ever
receive consideration by the league
Sanction Of Pact Required
In order to make effective the un
dccsakinGs made by the members of
the league, all OF which are promotive
Of peace, it is absolutely necessary thai
there should be in the covenant a sane
tion TO enforce their observance I'm
less this is done honorable nations
which comply with their obligations
would be at a great disadvantage ove1
iaithloss ones who ruthlcssly ignore
national promises.
"Ine substance of .hs article IS tina
II member of the league should vic
late us promise not to resort to wa
until the disputed matter has bee:
submitted either to arbitration or The
council, or three months after tn
award or report of the council, ~ VIC
late ITS promise not to resort to wa
against any member cf the league tha
complies with the award or recommen
dations Of the council made Wit
unanlmlty as previously stated, the1
the other members Of the league will
direct against this covenant -brcakin
member an economic, financial an
commercial blockade, mutually sup
porting each other in such measures
Congress Retains Power
Before the military or naval force
Of the United States could be use
under this article the representative O
the United States upon the counc
must recommend their use and Con
grcss sanction it. This insures tina
our army and navy Will not engage i
war where we have no vital interes
and where We have assumed no lega
or moral obligations.
THE opponents Of the league con
. tend that if the United States shoul
enter the league as proposed in tn
first draft she would by so doing aban