davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17
BEGINS HOLY WEEK
For Many Centuries Palm Sunday
Has Been Day Of Peculiar
Significance.

~ AIM SUNDAY is the name
- usually given to the sixth and
last Sunday In Lent and the
beginning Of holy week, after
the custom Of blessing branches of
the palm tree OF. Of other trees substi-
tuted In those countries I'm which the
palm cannot be procured, and Of carry
Ing the blessed branches in process
sion, In commemoratlon OF Christ's
triumphal entry into Jerusalem.
Palms and branches of the palm
were used in this historic entry be-
cause the palm was then regarded as
an emblem Of victory and the carrying
and waving OF It's branches was en-
blematic Of success and In honor of
royalty.
The date of the first observance of
Palm Sunday is uncertain. In the
Greek church II was apparently OBJ
served as early as the fourth century.
In the middle ages the palm, worn
as a decoration. denoted that the per.
son so adorned had made the pill
grimage to the Holy Land.
In some countries people made use
OF figures of Christ seated on an ass.
carved out Of wood, which were car
ried In religious professions and even
brought into the church. In other
countries II was the custom to strew
flowers and green boughs in church
yards.
The palms used in the procession of
the day are talon home by the faith
full and used as sacramental. They
are preserved in prominent places in
the houses, barns or even In the fields.
and thrown into the fire during storms.
From the blessed palms are procured
the ashes for use on Ash Wednesday.
Where palms cannot be secured
branches of olive, box elder, spruce or
other trees are used. In Rome olive
branches are distributed TO the peo-
pie, while the clergy carry palms fire.
quently dried and twisted into various
shapes. In parts of Bavaria large
swamp willows, with their catkins,
and ornamented with flowers and rib |
hons, were used
Because every great feast at this |
time was in some way a remembrance
Of the resurrection Of Christ and was
In consequence called Pascha, the |
Spanish term pascua florida had its |
origin. Thus II was that in 1912 the !
state of Florida, which was settled by
the Spaniards. indirectly received its
name.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17

The Federal Trade Commission act
provides a penalty or a fine or impris-
onment for those who fail to report or
who falsely report to the commission.
The investigation is being speeded up
to protect the coming issue, the Vic
tory Liberty Loan
Efforts Of the government to check
the swindles being perpetrated by the
suave, well-dressed stock promoter
have had such dampering effect on
his activities that he is taking refuge
behind skirts. Women are now being
employed, elderly-looking women with
maternal ways which are calculated to
disarm suspicion
The latest warning from the Treas
ury Department is:
DO not let the appearance or the
dress or the sex of the Liberty Bond
scalper disarm your suspicion. No
reputable stock sales person will try
to trade for your Liberty Bonds. Hold
your bondsi"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17

commission at Washington for investi-
cation. The commission is having
daily hearings at which testimony is
being offered by those who have been
victimized or their representatives and
the commission has invited anyone
who has such information to send II
in.
The first testimony considered was
list Of complaints compiled by the
Treasury Department and the Capital
Issues Committee. other data which
is to be given the investigators has
been gathered by commercial inter-
ests.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17
A RESURRECTION FRAGMENT

MORNING not the dawn Of LIES Iiuie dsy.
Us so quickly shrooded by nishs-bu he
breaking OF an eternal sunlight over the eternal
hills
U1HAT an overwhelming difference 10 he
hear which holds the risen Chris Between
the passing day and the everlasting Morrow I
Today heavy shadows falling Of mystery and
sorrow - tomorrow all gloom dispelled by tf,e
isu that shines from thst once mared vissse
Today heavnes Of DISAPPOINTMENT or obscurity
Of ignorance - tomorrow nothing between. no
cloud no time intervening but face TO face with
Jesus Jesus who came. Jesus who lived Jesus
who suffered Jesus Who died Jesus who rose
IN glorious resurrection
now die hszed and indistncf view - ticn
the vision Of perfect sight Now the umul,
and the sufe - then the rest and life eternal !
Now the weeping and the sishs 80 then the song
and the fearless eyesl Now our dear ones
dying then no more parting Now the waters
dividins-shen no NOR, sea Now n. ooeo
graves farsvell-then the resurrection greeting
Now the night winds chilling and killing = then
the morning lifting and Frightening Morning
on the mountains Morning on the plains
Morning with an eternity IN IL Morning
morning
a. the transforming touch Of ttar houri Only
intelligence irfsdisted by contact with the
skies could give US TO recognize our heaviest
cross when Il comes TO crown US there. We
shall find our failures they Will greet Us as
uiumphs We shall find our bereavements; they
will meet Us as reunions We shall find Our
'oss forgotten in eternal gain We shall find
our HIDDEN Struggles swallowed up IN open vic,
tory. We shall find our hidden tears formins
diadem gems We shall find the complete full.
hllment Of every promise and the exceeding srea,
reward Of all our faith
0H what time Of finding Of al thai Is dear
and desired and bea For il Is ths Resur.
recuon Dawn the stone IS rolled away the gates
are flung back the boundary is crossed the veil
10 torn
THE MORNING HAS BROKENi
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17
MORE ABOUT THE WAR TROPHIES

Among the war trophies in Fish's
Millinery window there is a U. S.
army revolver which accounted for
three Germans. The bayonet was
pulled out Of a dead Boche as he
lay by the side OF the road where
some Frenchman had killed him.
The shoulder strap with the figure
Ave on il was cut off the shoulder
OF a German sniper whom Lieu
tenant Walker silenced. The coins
are a collection Of the moneys Of
many countries. The match box
and some other trinkets were taken
of German prisoners.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17
Be a .SLeufh!

When someone tries to sell you
speculative or doubtful stocks and
securities
Get his name!
Particularly IL he tries to ex-
change his securities for your Lib
erty Bonds
GET HIS NAME!
Get not only his name. and ad-
dress II possible, but get all the
literature" he has. Then send 1t
all to
The Federal Trade Commission,
Washington, D. C.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17

Terms of the Victory Liberty
Loan were announced by Secreta"y
Glass. They are: Amount, $4,500,-
100000, prescriptions to be rejected.
Interest, AZ per cent for partially
tax exempt notes, convertible into
3A per cent notes wholly tax ex-
empt Maturity four years, with
the Treasury reserving the privilege
of redeeming the notes in three
years.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17
KENTUCKY NEWS
CONTINUED From Page One)

subscriptions totaling S7,ii5 were
received within few hours at
headquarters of the Board of Trade,
in Louisville, by the boards State
Development Committee, headed by
Judge Robert w. Bingham, for the
$4,000 fund which it is proposed
to use for carrying on State devel-
opment work through a series OF
meetings and through other means
in sixty counties of the State.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17
viii Not Include Bavaria.

Basic. April l2.-The allies have no
tilted the German government that Ba-
varia win not be included In the peace
treaty. a dispatch from Stuttgart re-
ported. Such action by the allies would
be regarded as virtual recognition Of
the independence OF Bavaria. though
not necessarily Of the new soviet gov
eminent.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17
j. S. TRADE COMMISSION
PROBES MANY LIBERTY
BOND SW|NOL|NG CASES
TREASURY AND CAPITAL ISSUES
COMMITTEE SUBMIT DATA
TAKERS EMPLOY WOMEN.

cases Of
fraudulent opera
tons by stock pro-
moters who are al
legged to be swind-
ling Liberty Bond
owners are before
the Federal Trade
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17
UNITED STATES NEWS
Continued From Page one)

port-i03 vessels-rode at anchor
in the North River and almost inn
mediately started launches shore
ward with the first contingents Of
officers and men on leave.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17

Frankfort, Ky, April i5-The work
of taking the school census OF the
State is now in progress, the law
providing that the census must be
taken during the month of April.
The department of education esti-
mates that the total census for 1919
will be 6iS.092, which will be an
increase of 3i6 over last year.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17

are expected to gather from the
surrounding territory to witness the
daring "air raids that will be made.
A number of captured German
FOkker planes captured by Gen.
Pershing's men, in addition to the
American planes constructed dur
ing the war, will be used in the
air battles.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17

Having beaten a woman TO death
with the butt of a shotgun, burned
the dwellings and storehouses OF
five tobacco growers in Crittenden
County and seriously stabbed q
Deputy Sheriff, Thomas Bugg, IA
young farmer, is held in Jail at
Marion, Ky. awaiting an inquest in
TO his sanity.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17

With a regimental record OF the
capture of 1900 Austrians, the van
guard of the 332d Infantry, the only
American unit TO see service on the
Italian front, landed in New York,
April IA. The detachment com
prised forty-seven officers and
1891 men, under the command OF
Col. William Wallace, son of a
former Governor of Indiana and a
nephew of Gen. Lew Wallace.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17

FrankfOrt.-Forest fires have been
doing considerable damage in East
ern Kentucky and the situation.
due TO dry weather, is threatening.
in the opinion Of ]. +. Barton, Com
missioner OF Forestry and Geology.
He has reports on fires in Clay, Clin-
ton, Leslie and Rowan.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17

One Of the great flying circuses,
composed Of the heroic flyers that
have been developed in the French,
British, and American forces dur
ing the war, is TO visit the cities OF
the Eighth Federal Reserve District,
this month, and put on sham battles
in the air and do for the people the
dimcult stunts learned in the ne
'ssity Of war.
The great squadron for this dis
trict begins its exhibitions at
Memphis. April ~, then goes u
Little Rock. April 10; st. Louis.
April "a, and Louisville, April %.
At each place thousands Of people
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17
WORLD NEWS
Continued From Page 0ne)

cratic states having little sympathy
with the methods Of cruelty and
conquest.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1919-04-17

. .
WlhhMhI lHiHl NM VI H ll mi MI nH nm NN HHl
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-09
L. S. Said to Have Decid.
ed to Take No Part in
the Trial of War Lords
Hoover to Direct
Austrian Railways
Teuton Army Is Cut to
100000; Italy Ordered
to Lift Slav Blockade

The Supreme Allied Council decided
yesterday to resume negotiations
with the Germans at some place in
Belgium other than Spa, where
they were broken off on Thurs
day.
A method was agreed on to assure
the delivery of German merchant
ships to the Allies and furnish
Germany with food to be paid for
by credits and foreign securities
held in Germany.
The American delegation is said to
have decided to take no part in
the punishment of the authors of
the war. That matter will be left
to the Allies.
The Council has agreed to Premier
Lloyd Georges proposal to reduce
the German army to fifteen divi-
sions.
Herbert c. Hoover was given con-
troll by the Supreme Council over
all railroads of the old Austro-
Hungarian Empire, and directed
to organize relief system there.
The Supreme Council directed that
the food blockade enforced by
Italy against the Jugo-Slavs be
raised at once.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-09
Last Of 27th Leaves
Brest on the Missouri

X1ASHINGTON, March g.
w With tho sailing OF the
l06th Machine Gun Battalion on
the battleship Missouri, which left
Brest March 8, and Is due to dock
at New York March 18, the last
Of the 9th Division Of New York
State Guard troops has started
for home, it was announced to-
day at the War Department.
With the 1O6th Machine Gun
Battalion is detachment Of
casual company No. 942, of New
Workers, which is believed to be
the mobile veterinary section of
the division.
The 106th machine gun organi-
zation has total strength Of "a
officers and 724 men, of whom %
officers and 651 men are New
York Guardsmen. The remainder
are to be sent to Camps Gordon
and Sherman. The casual COM
pany of New Workers on board
includes officer and 21 men, the
complete strength of the 105th
mobile veterinary section.
The War Department also an
nounced that the transport Cul-
goa, which sailed from Brest with
1926 casuals on board, is due to
dock at New York March 21.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-09
League Covenant May Be
Rewritten, Capital Hears
Obscure Points To Be Cleared Following Con,
troversy at Washington; Hitchcock Explains
Wilson Thought Paris Debate Binding as Text
By Carter Field

WASHINGTON, March 8-An il
Illuminating view of the situation at
Paris and of the part played by Pres
ident Wilson in framing the constitu-
tion Of the league of nations has been
brought to Washington by officials
who were connected for d time with
the work of the American delegation
in Paris. They say the document will
be virtually rewritten before it is
formally adopted by the Paris con-
ference.
Some of them say that had the Pres
ident been less eager to claim credit
for the creation of league of nations
he would now be in better position
to insist upon changes that would meet
the particular objections of the Amer
lean people. 1t is stated in these
quarters that the European powers
foresee for themselves far greater ad-
vantages from the league than America
could ever enjoy, and even now would
sacrifice much to make sure that Amer
ca would be included in the covenant
as a participant in the burdens Of the
league.
President Missed Opportunity
There is no question, it is declared,
that President Wilson could have OBJ
tanned in the original covenant reser~
vation protecting the integrity of the
Monroe Doctrine had he not mani
Tested throughout an apprehension that
he might not be able to secure an
agreement on the league.
1t is stated also that when the league
plan was first discussed at Paris the
intention was to extend to the proposed
league the provisions Of the Hague
conventions concerning arbitration and
the form of an arbitration tribunal,
and also the inquiry features of the
Bryan "breathing spell" treaties.
One provision complained of by the
recent arrivals from the headquarters
Of the American peace delegation is
that which requires the executive
council to submit any dispute to the
entire body of delegates, each with a
single vote, on demand of either party
to a dispute.
Wouldn't Accept Suggestions
The complaint is made by these OBJ
servers that President Wilson through
out the negotiations at Paris has been
unwilling to accept suggestions from
attaches Of the American delegation
more versed in the drafting Of treaties
and more experienced in the drawing
up of contracts. In consequence of
this. it is said, the rights Of America
in the proposed compact have been left
more or less obscure.
The first explanation Of the Presi-
dents attitude in not thinking it nee
cssary when he talked with members
Of the Foreign Relations committees OF
Congress to write into the constitution
OF the league specific reservations safe
guarding American interests. including,
besides the Monroe Doctrine. immigra-
tion control and the right of any na-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-09

ton to withdraw from the league at
will, was obtained to-day.
The President considered that ample
protection was afforded on these and
other points by the discussions of the
committee which framed the constitu-
ton. For instance, In the matter of
withdrawal from the league by ma
tion which no longer wished to remain
in it, the President himself was not
in sympathy with the idea Of permit
ting nations to withdraw. However, he
considered that the refusal of the COM
mittee at Paris to incorporate the
strong provision preventing with
drawals which he wished to insert
would bind the nations, at any time in
the future when the subject might
come up, to consider that by this re-
fusal the trainers of the constitution
had taken step guaranteeing the
right of withdrawal.
"The stenographic accounts of the
proceedings" Chairman Hitchcock of
the Foreign Relations Committee
pointed out, "will always stand as a
check against the actual wording of the
instrument itself. Frequently the Su-
preme Court has considered the discus
sions in the constitutional convention
of various sections of the Constitution
to arrive at just what the trainers in
tended to accomplish by certain words
The high court has also frequently con-
sidered committee reports and debates
in Congress in determining just what
law passed by Congress was intended
to mean"
Pressed closely as to this, Senator
Hitchcock admitted that he did not
know whether, as matter Of fact,
any stenographic account Of the pro-
ceedings of the committee on the con-
stitution of the league had been kept.
or even made.
1t was this theory on the part OF the
President with regard to omissions in
the constitution and to lack of clear
ness in many particulars-which criti-
cal Senators, particularly Mr.. Brandc-
gee. laid such stress upon-that caused
him to ignore, for a time, the attacks
made upon the text Of the instrument
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-09
Reds Crushed.
Prisoners will
Be Executed.
Revolt in Berlin Over, With
Ebert Troops Completely
Controlling the Situation

LONDON, March 8.-German govern
ment troops have suppressed the armed
revolt at Berlin, according to dis
patch from that city via Basel, Switz-
erland, and are now assigned to the
task of protecting workmen who want
to return to their labors. The popular
marine division and two detachments
of the Republican Guard have been dis
banded, it is reported.
great number of Spartacans were
made prisoners in the fighting in the
centre Of the city yesterday and will
be sentenced to death, says an Ex-
chaBge Telegraph dispatch from Co.
penhagen
The fighting ended at noon and gov
crnment troops now occupy all the pub
lie buildings and squares and a num-
Der of factories.
Use Gas Against Rebels
During the battle to relieve the gar
rison at Police Headquarters the gov
ernment troops turned their artillery
against the houses nearby and three
shells hit house, which was used as
insurgent headquarters. scattering the
occupants in all directions. Gas was
used effectively in the attack on the
strikers, according to the German
Gazette" of Berlin.
Describing the fighting on Thursday
IL
graph Company from Copenhagen says
that during the whole night there were
sounds of heavy tetonations of cannon
and explosions in the district where
fighting was taking place. Flame
throwers and trench weapons Of al
kinds were employed in the struggle
which was particularly violent around
Police Headquarters, which the Spar
tacans made desperate efforts to cap
ture.
Late in the evening government
troops under General Luettwitz, re
ported to number $4,000, entered Ber-
lin and surrounded great part of the
centre Of the city, it is said.
Majority Socialists Withdraw
A dispatch from Amsterdam says
the Majority Socialists have with
drawn from the strike committee in
Berlin, and it is considered doubtful
whether the trades unions will sup
port the strike further. At the meet
ing yesterday of the Berlin Work
mems Council the Independent Social
lists and Communists proposed three
solutions-cxtension of the strike
to the gas, electric and water works {;
the executive committee Of workmen
to take over the command of all the
troops in Berlin, and negotiations
with the government to be broken off
The first resolution was carried by
only a small majority, after which
the Majority Socialists left the meet
ing.
Later the Majority Socialists held
meeting Of their own and decided to
end the strike Immediately and to
call on the workers to resist terror
ism.
Berlin Strike Called or
BERLIN, March (By The Associ
atcd Prcss).--The general strike II
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-09
Bandit Is Fatally Shot
With His Own Revolver
Louis Aaron, of 1892 Eighth
Avenue, Refuses to Throw Up
Hands When Ordered

Louis Aaron, proprietor Of a second
hand store at 1892 Eighth Avenue, did
not obey last night when two robbers
ordered him to throw up his hands.
He made lunge toward the holdup
man who held the revolver. In the
scufnc that followed the gun went Oft,
sending bullet through tho robbers
eye. Knickcrbocker Hospital doctors
said he probably would die.
The other robber fed
In pocket Of the wounded man the
police found a letter addressed to ar.
Sherlock, 210 East 126th Street."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-09
Germany To Be Fed
By a Credit System
Through Neutrals

PARIS, March (By The Associated
Press).-The Supreme War Council
reached a decision tonight whereby
the negotiations interrupted at Spa will
be Immediately resumed at another
point, probably somewhere in Belgium.
The agreement provides q method
for securing delivery of the German
merchant ships and the furnishing OF
an adequate food supply to Germany
until next harvest. The method Of
payment, it is understood, will be by
credits through neutral countries and
by utilizing foreign securities held by
Germany.
The findings Of the commission or
responsibility for the war are still in
complete. 1t is understood the COM
mission will conclude that the officials
of the Central Powers were morally
guilty of the most heinous crimes, but
that physical punishment would Of
necessity be retroactive.
The Americans have announced them
selves as unwilling to adopt any cx-
pedients the constitutionality Of which
might be questioned in the United
States, and in that event the Euro
peans would have to act alone if they
were determined to punish the officials
involved. A possible solution suggested
is the formal denunciaton in the pre-
liminary peace treaty of the officials
Of the Central empires.
Cable Inquiry Ordered
The Supreme Council has appointed
commission to investigate the question
Of the German cables, proposal con-
cerning which was submitted to the
council Friday by Secretary of State
Lansing. The members of the commits
sion are James Brown Scott, the United
States; A. Pearce Higgins, Great Brit
ain; Henri Fromageot, France; Signor
Tosti, Italy, and Mr.. Yamakawa, Japan.
The commission, according TO the
"Temps," will decide whether the cables
can be treated as prizes of war, and, IL
So TO whom they are to be distributed.
The commission also will examine il
the contracts by which the cables were
laid remain valid and TO what degree.
The question of the International
ization of railways and international
waterways has come into sudden inn
portance through the report made to-
day to the Commission on Waterways,
Ports and Railways by its drafting
sub committee. After discussion the
report went over until tomorrow.
United States Wants Restriction
The British desire to have the water
ways used without discrimination,
while the Americans, realizing the ef-
feet the application Of this principle
might have upon their great railway
systems. are insistent upon conf,ninw
the application of the principle Of In
ternational use Of such communication