davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02

at mas made certain that Germany has
changed her ideas and her purposes and
we nave no assurance that there has been
any change, no sign Of any change and
further, we cannot safely assume that since
Old men are still running new Germany
ne" Germany is anything but an ENLARGED
and camoufagcd edition of the old.
1t IS perfectly impossible in present cir-
cumstanccs to put all our confidence in thc
league Of nations and retire, leayinr Ccr-
many more powerful than she was before
the sole gamer in all respects az result
OF this war, since she has devastated France.
compelled Great Britain to mortgage her
"h"nc'al future to America and reduced
the commercial fleets of the world.
But how then are we at Paris TO save tho
war! obviously, in two ways. The cost of
the war must be borne either by the Allies
who defended themselves or by Germany
who attacked them. Germany in fighting
the war drew upon her internal resources
and can rcpudiate her debts; England and
France and Italy We're compelled to borrow
OF America and cannot rcpudiatc their
debts Either the French and British and
Italian people will have to stageer under
the burden Of this debt--and, in the case OF
france, under the added burden incident to
the destruction by the Germans Of French
industrial regions or that burden must be
lifted from Allied shoulders to German. If
the Germans escape, if they can resume the
oid game oil armlng, if French and British
and Italian taxpayers have to shoulder if
'hey VIII be unable even to arm themselves
adequately for self defence 1t is essential
Tor Americans to realize that the question
OIL reparatlon and restitution, even of IN
ocmh'ty' Is not punitive, it is not pro
gramme of plunder of Germany 1t is
merely an effort to save, primarily France,
who has suffered most but England and
Italy as well, from the crushing burden
placed upon them by the necessity of de-
lending themselves against Germany.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02

chapel that night with all the benches
taken and mess hall stools brought in under
the arms of the late comers. The men
passed in from their cells in single file,
without any guards on duty en- route
or in the chapel. The thousand sat still
IN their seats buzzing to each other. study
ing their programmes
The movie music that the piano was CIV
ing out under the fingers of former Broad
way musician, stopped. The footlghts went
ON, and Tom O'Brlen. ruddy young Irish
man with a tassel of black curls over his
right eye, came in front of the curtain with
John r. Frome, the stage manager of the
company. He has the Irish tongue for say
ing the right thing and he expressed the
cordial thanks of the men to the company
for coming. Mr.. Frome answered simply
and the curtain went up. The audience was
brcathlcssly quiet and alert
When you were little ! spanked YOU"
Ellie Shannon told her big son in the first
act, "and you'll never do that to me-"
The act had to wait moment while
Sing Sing laughed loud at this simple little
mothers joke. Warden Meyer says that
his men wait for a chance to laugh. and
seize 1T before it's hardly around the cor
ncr They'd rather hear joke than have
meal, if the choice were given.
Sing Sing proved itself patriotic during
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02

from Warden Moycr down to Pete, is
splendid host Pete is the refractory New
Jersey dog. who was sentenced to be shot
Tor numbering pigs and chickens in a whole
sale fashion. He was sent to Sing Sing and
IS now reformed and on the same plane of
honor with the other TRUSTEES Of the place
Supper was served to the company in the
great warden's dining room and while Mr.
Moyer and his family and servants served
their guests Pete lay down in front Of Miss
shannon and guarded her sandwiches and
cake against the avarice Of a small, hungry
canine who was casting bright eyes of appe-
tite at her lap. He was no more careful
OF the comfort Of the guests than was every
other man out there. AS Mr.. Pinkenelli (the
spelling is ours), who is the manager of
the play, said. rather ruefuly, "That -er-.
chap I've just been talking to is a mur-
derer. he told me- but, by George, who ever
saw such gentle murdcrer?" All the cour-
tcsy is not over the tcacups OF the world;
a deal of it is in Sing Sing prison.
But better than that, Sing Sing audi
cnce is an audience THAT follows every line
roars at every Joke, claps at every climax
and wears the curtain out with calls. MIR
Crane compared it to soldier audience.
which, as everybody knows, is the most
appreciative audience in the world.
There were over thousand men in the
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02
The New
AIignnenfs

10 balance the downfall Of Russia We
have the collapse of Austria; but Auetria
was never one-tenth as important a factor
in the Triple Alliance as Russia was in the
Triple Entente and already we sec tho
Germans Of Austria seeking to unite them
selves with Germany, and it is patent that
some similar alliance will be sought bv the
Hungarians result of changes TO be
made in Hungarian territory through the
liberation of the Slavs and Rumanians.
Thus more than 20,000O00 Of Austrian sub
jects will remain associated with Germany
and it was precisely this element which
supplied the main aid Germany could obtain
from her Hapsburg associate Germany
has thus saved almost half of Austria while
the Allies have not only lost all of Russia
but have seen Russia marching toward
new alignment with Germany.
Now, by contrast, Italy has associated
herself with Great Britain and France. but
before the war Italy was economically. as
we'll as politically, penetrated by Germans
There was no profound bitterness between
the Germans and Italians, even during the
present war, and there exists for tho future
no real basis for Jealousy now that Italy
has achieved refrigeration Of the Austrian
Italian population. Italys present sympa-
thies are Internationally With Grcnt Britain
and France, but Italy's commercial interests
in the future, even more than in the past,
will be with tho Central Powers ms "A result
Of geographical conditions It is possible
10 cxaggcrate the Italian danger, but il is
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02

by the occupants Meteorological self
recording instruments had been sent up
to height of $4,000 feet by attaching them
TO kites of special construction. The Blue
Hill observatory, near Boston. the
pioneer in this work
Sounding balloons carrying only self
recording meteorological Instruments had
assembled to height of 121 900 feet above
sea level: minimum temperature of 1873
in one ascent. Free pilot balloons, indicat-
ing the direction and velocity of the wind,
had been traced to height of about 12S.0O0
feet. And before our entrance into the war
arplanes had ascended to a height of about
26,000 feet. But above all observations had
been made of the movements of the clouds
at attitudes extending even beyond the
limits of airplane flight
The variable conditions of weather OBJ
tanning at the ground extend upward for
varying heights; but in determining con-
ditions aloft it is always necessary to know
the air conditions at the ground to serve
as basis for calculations
The air densities and barometric pres
sures decrease with ascent above the
ground with the least interruption of reg
ularity; and the barometer is the most i'm
portant instrument for the aviator, for it
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02

earth to distance of a mile, two miles
perhaps three miles, move along above the
ground at average velocites of about
twenty-five miles hour. But the move
ment of translation is irregular some
times they dart ahead at express speed of
forty or fifty miles an hour, and at other
times they are held in check and make
almost no advance for day or two
1t is in the southeastern quadrant of
these advancing cyclones that the area Of
greatest cloud and rain fall, local squalls,
thunder storms and tornadoes occurs,
and in which the aviator is most likely to
experience bumps"
Observations of the air conditions at the
ground and chiefly near not much above
sea level had been made at literally thou
sands of places scattered all over the world.
but especially in the United States and
throughout Europe
Our knowledge of the upper air was
chiefly derived through the following
means: Observations made on few
mountain peaks, such as Mount Washing
ton, Pixies Peak, Ben Nevis and Mont Blanc
Under exceptional conditions only was an
altitude of $4,000 feet above sea level ex-
ceeded.
Manned balloons had made ascents to a
height of "a, 500 feet and observations made
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02

many. 1t is purely and simply question
of whether Germany shall nav for what she
did, or succeed in running those nations who
were her commercial rivals, both bv svs-
tematcally destroying their industrial
machincry and by loading them with colos-
sal debts incurred in defending themselves
against German assault There is a foo
ready tendency in American quarters. hero
Mt least. TO read into the purpose of our
Allies motives and reasons which are NOT
there In very large degree the Germans
wall WIN the war if they make the people
lhey attacked bear the great burden Of it.
ana once more we must remember that we
are still at war with Germany.
IN the second place, We have got TO re-
store the balance Of power in Eurone. de-
stroyed when Germany eliminated Russia
as nation and as a force in the world
Nhless we can replace Russia by some othe.
force of equal strength there will be moth
ing left in Europe capable of opposinr
SO,0O0,000 Germans occupying the centre Of
the continent. united. capable of indefinite
e"ort ana having still open to them the
temptation of world power; in fact, having
~ 0poN " 'helh even more completely than
1T was in 1914, when they took their great
gamble
And this can be done, this new force can
be created only in one way If we shall
create real, strong. national states in Po-
land. IN Bohemia, in Rumania and out of
the southern Slavs, as we'll as>by completing
the uhlhcatlon of the Greeks we shall have
added to the balance against German 40
gresson more than 50,00000O people di
vlded into four nations, but canable of verv
energetic development, capable of becoming
real national entities, capable at no distant
time OF defending themselves and barring
the German pathway to power.
The German theory in this war ought
never to be forgotten. Germany undertook
at one time to assail western power in order
to mold France at ransom to paw for tho
war and to destroy Russia in the East. make
herself master of the destines of half
score OF minor races extending from the
Gulf of Finland to the Black Sea, by Great
ing states which were incapable of self
maintenance and by melting these several
races against one another the Germans
sought to create condition of chaos ON their
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02
Actors Good and Bad, Sing Sing Listens to Play

from the original at the prison press. A
decorative poster, announcing the play and
date, was painted by a prisoner artist and
hung in front of the chapel door ct was
sent afterward down to Mr.. Woods for his
office) The music is furnished by the
Mutual Welfare League. The hall is deco
rated with flags and banners by the prls-
oners, with everything from the Allies
and the Y. NJ. c. A. to the flag of Ireland.'
and back again. The sets and properties
are provided by the entertainment commit
tee, in compliance with the orders received
from the company in advance The war
den's house is always stripped for the plavs.
but he says he'd sit on the floor and com
mand his family to, if the shows could not
be given otherwise
Some kind of entertainment is given
every night, usually movies, sometimes
vaudeville, and as often as possible a ole
gltlmate,' so that never a night is the big
hall idle or empty. Jacobs and his COM
mlttee are kept busy in their booking Office.
but their time is we'll spent, for the warden
and the officers of the Mutual Welfare
League look upon the entertainment pro
The men normal and healthy minded. The
narrow cells are fit only for sleep or grim
meditation, and the idea is to keep the men
away from those cells as much as possible
In the daytime they work and at night they
are entertained.
And because the people of the theatre do
60 up to help out on this plan they are
regarded by the leaguers as their best
friends in the world
And believe me- one of them told Miss
Shannon IF anybody ever steals your polls
and comes up here, you can bet he won't
get no welcome from his gang A guys
gotta stop just short of playin' crooked
with actresses, and don't you forget that,
Miss Shannon"
Which puts "actoresses" in a privileged
class, after all.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02

IS barred only by mutilated Southern slar-
dom, the league of nations VIII not serve
as barrier The abstract principles writ
ten there will no more appeal to Germans
IN the next decade than abstract doctrines
formulated by the Hague tribunal closed
the pathway through Belgium. We have
then at Paris two very clear duties sui
to perform. We have to make Germany
bear the burden, the financial burden. Of her
last attack, IN order that she may not,
escaping the cost OF the war. be aisle 10
concentrate her remaining resources on
preparation for n new attack upon those
nations staggering under the buiden Of
ther debts and incapable Of paying those
debts and matching division with division
and gun with gun along the Rhine
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02

the war with its 81 900 loens-on cent and
half day pay-and it proved itself
patriotic last Sunday night whenever the
good Amerlcanism of the play, which is a
war play, gave them an opportunity
"Germans, | hate the Germans." Miss
Shannon told her German son in the second
act We never heard T. R. himself pet
more applause than she did after that
speech
Back stage convict carpenters. scene
shutters and committee men did most of the
mechanical work of arranging the stage.
Paul Chapman was there shifting scenery.
and the gentle murderer" of Mr. Pinkenel-
lis acquaintance and many others. Thev
are expert at the work, and few have
vowed to stop stealing and go into the
theatrical business" when their period of
retirement is over. One was addressed the
other night by Mr.. Fromc
"Nou work like a professional" com
monted FYome.
81 am, SIR came the answer.
"Whcrc did you work."
Suburbs, mostly. Second story work. ="
came the calm answer and Mr.. Frome was
left TO mediate the double meaning or
profession"
The production Of plays at Sing Sing.
except for the acting, is largely homespun
Inc programmes are made up and printed
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02

hardly possible to cxaggerate it if the con-
ference at Paris fails to give Italy that
Dalmatian prize promised her at the mo-
mont when she came into the war by both
Great Britain and France and exactly this
IS threatened through the influence of
President Wilson,
1t comes down after all to this: That Ger
many has abolished Russia, and not simplv
abolished her, but prepared the way for
lutue German and economic, political and
perhaps even military performance in that
vast area which was once the RomanoN
Empire. She has saved for her own in
fuencc out Of the wreck of Austria frac-
tons which were alone Of very great i'm
portancc She viii have added thousands
OF square miles of territory and six or
seven mllhons OF people to her population
as q result of the unsuccessful war. since
1t is clear now to everybody that a union
OF Austrian Germany with Northern Ger
many IS no longer to be prevented. She has
assured herself population of nearly
So,oo0,00o, almost entirely German. inclos-
ing most of the Bohemian state which. how
ever politically independents must for all
tune be economically dependent upon Ger
'''""E '"i "NNNHS 20 tNc open markets of the
world.
Now, the only absolute force left in the
lace OF this aggrandzed Germany is France
with population of 80, 900 GOO. with her
industrial regions ruined, with her trans
portation system over all the northern re
gIons aboiished with a colossal debt and
with sacrifice of life alone as conse
quence of the war which exceeds 1000 OO0
lives Obviously, it is beyond the resource.
OF France to hold Germany again. as she did
Tor the greater part Of four years Of war
II Germany shall have a new accession If
milltarstlc and imper rlalstic ambition. The
brutal truth is that if Germany has NOT
undergone a change of spirit as a result Of
the war or II Germany is not put out of tho
race Tor armaments for II considerable
PERIOD OF time, France cannot hold the rate
ms she did before unless Great Britain and
the united States are prepared to guarantee
TO france tho presence on an open frontier
OF considerable armies, which will share
with the French tho cost in life and trcasure
of another German attack
We have to make peace, then, with two
clear facts in mind: That France must he
fortified against Germany until such time MS
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02
GerH7any'S Favorable
Situation

moreover, IN very large measure the
Germans accomplished this. If you start at
the Gulf Of Finland TO day and go south
along the old frontier of Russia YOU will
travel through regions in which half dozen
races are striving with one another to take
posse ssion of some fragments of territory
and creating permanent and bitter Jealous
les. Egged on by the Germans, the Ukraini-
ans, the Lithuanians, are contestinr with
Poland the possession of the frontier re-
gons between the two races while Rolsbe
vks are in Wilma, Serbs and Rumanians are
at odds in Banat. Poles and Bohemians in
upper Slesa, Southern Savs and Italians
IN Dalmatia Greeks and Italians in Epirus.
In word, the German war has destroved
order from the Baltic to the Black Sea and
from the Nolga to the Isonzo, and while he
has done this the German has enlarged his
own national area and finally completed the
unlfcatlon of the German race
If we can create states like Poland. like
Rumania, like Bohemia and like Jueo. .Slav,a
If we can give them frontiers which arc
defensble, If we can give them neccssarv
conditions of national life, founded nnon
sell-detefmination of race, with due regard
10 geographical and economic considero-
tlons, we shall be able to deprive tho Cav
man OF his victory. He Will find himself
confronted not by the debris of half dozen
quarrelling races, but by four or five healthy.
growing states, available as allies of The
western powers in defence of their exist.
ehce and IN the preserving Of the freedom
Of Europe.
ana IN the presence of such obstacles
perhaps 1t Is not too much to hope the
German people themselves will hesitate to
permit 'he'r rulers to plunge them into a
new war. The core of imperialism. after
ALL is the cost of it, The cause Of imperial-
ism IS Invariably the presence of oppor-
tunity. 1t eighty millions of Germans lind
'he'r pathway to the East strewn with the
wreckage of auarrelling tribes. if the rond
TO india has nothing across it save an inco-
herent Polish state and a vast Russian
chaos If the pathway to the Golden Horn
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02

dCloIlHe, OIL course, Dut at that,
one might not have supposed that
the playboy and his leading lady
could go to prison and become home folks
in three hours. This they do however, and
with the greatest ease, whether by art or
instinct it might not be safe to speculate
We discovered this last week when "Under
Orders,' with James l.. Crane and Ehie
Shannon, was transplanted from Broadway
and Newark and environs to bloom for one
brief night on the boards of the Sing Sing
chapel BY the end Of the first hour they
were all so chummy you couldn't tell good
actor from "bad actor" back stage; before
the first act was over Ossning was put on
the permanent calling list of the company,
and by $3.50 James l.. Crane was found in
the wings with a one-timc safe cracker
trying to exchange a Lambs Club member
ship for one in the Mutual Welfare League
1t may be inferred, and correctly. that the
party was very successful one.
The show went up on its day off Sunday
in answer to invitation from Louis
Jacobs the chairman Of the entertainment
committee Of the league. Jacobs had put
1T up to the management in persuasive
manner.
I'VE want only high class stuff" he said
"for we are the best of the profession our
selves Only the choicest graftcrs, second
story men and bigamists are out here, you
know. The second rates are at Ellis Island
SO that's why | want your show which
read is A No. L.
This appeal from one pinnacle Of pro
fessonal pride to another brought the com
pany to Sing Sing in quick time They had
to come down from New Haven and miss
their Sunday snooze to do it, but when
great calls to great the answer is "Ycs!"
every time And they liked it so we'll
they're going again as actors, we hasten
TO add.
In the first place, everybody at Sing Sing.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02

the air conditions difficult to grasp is the
invisiblity of the air itself Water we can
sec flowing, swirling, spraying; but the
counterparts Of these movements in the air
make themselves evident only through the
visibility of some opaque objects carried
along by the moving air, aud for the upper
air these objects are the clouds
These invisible conditions are so complex
and swiftly changing and their causes are
often so far removed that it is impossible
for an aviator to understand them sufi-
GENTLY to dispel the mystery of the silent
and invisible phenomena of the upper air
without a knowledge of the forces at work
in the air and the general laws controlling
them
1t was only by laying before the candi-
date aviators these general outlines that
the conditions of the invisible air to be en-
countered were shorn of their mystery, and
this applied especially TO the phenomena of
holes in the affair pockets or bumps as
they have been lately most fttingly called
1T permitted the aviator, upon suddenly ex-
perlcncng some air disturbance to say
"That must have been such and such a
condition." instead of the excited inquiry,
"What was that 2"
The incessant air changes chiefly notice
able as occurring from day to day, but
actually gradually from hour to hour in
the great middle atitudcs 80 to So degrees,
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02
low They Charted the Sky Currents for Our Aviat0

the most recent advances in our knowl-
edge OF the atmos sphere, and in order to
provide suitable information to present to
aviator students it necessary to so to
the original contri buttons to this science
and to draw upon the scientific literature
OF all the important countries. Mathema-
tIclans have worked out a mathematical
theory of the mechanism of the atmos-
phere by which they have interconnectcd
the density, temperature movements, and to
some extent the moisture in the atmos-
phere, so that when the weather conditions
at the ground are known the corresponding
conditions at various attitudes above the
ground can be calculated, and weather
5000, 10000, $4,000 or 10000 feet above sea
level.
Scientific men meteorologi lists have ac-
cumulated a vast treasure of knowledge
consisting of observations and theoretical
nductons and deductions concerning the
atmosphere, which may be subdivided as
follows:
/. The observed conditions of the at
mospheric air. as regards temperature, den
sity, movements and moisture.
2. The changes which take place in these
conditions.
8. The causes Which give rise to these
conditions and changes.
The factor that makes a knowledge of
New-York tribune., 1919-03-02
ultur Yet To Be Defeated, We Must Rememb

reticaily both groups were nearly equal
in strength that neither could venture to
risk war, without at least half chance of
defeat.
But now, after four and half years of
war what is the situation? Russia, the
greatest military force in the Triple En-
tente, has disappeared in chaos, but such
elements Of power and organization as exist
still in that chaos arc in the main friendly
to Germany and ready to cooperate with
Germany. The Triple Entente Of 1911, then,
has not only lost Russia but has seen Russia
IN some measure change sides and become
an enemy, with her vast potential resources
not unlikely to become German assets in
the futnrc