Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-06-24
THE PURPOSE
ARTICLE X (Continued)
Chancc4 of War Remnfe

Nu81cS Oh war hemOt
There is a third answer to people
involve us in wars all over the world
Those who look to the successful
operation of the League do not ex-
pect war al all. The obligation OF
the members of the League to i'm
pose in the first instance a universal
boycott against a recalcitrant faith
less constitutes q most for
midable threat against any member
seeking to violate Article X or the
covenants OF the following Articles.
such a boycott will be a whitening os-
tracism and isolation of q nation that
few could endure. No single nation,
unless 1t be b United States or some
OF the greater South American nations.
could live If denied food and raw ma
terials from the rest of the world, and
IL forbidden the use of a foreign mar
ket for h sale of their products.
'Minatory" Influence
Second. no nation would willingly
face the overwhelming force of the
world organized to punish it for viola
ton If its covenants. The minatory
influence of a world League, with Its
members obligated to unite in eco
nomic and military pressure, IL need
be, can hardly be exaggerated. OF
course IL a number OF nations entered
into q conspiracy to fight and SUBJ
due the rest of the world, then this
minatory influence might not be con-
trolling. but in that case all the MEM
bers Of the League would wish to join
in the war, just as they did in this,
and defeat such a conspiracy and
yindicate the power of the League for
its useful ends.
What we are now answering is the
objection hat there will be q lot of
little wars all over the world, in which
we shall be engaged, which win claim
u money and our men. 1t Is in re-
straint Of the smaller war In which a
large nation attempts to bully a weak
er n that the minatory effect OF the
League will be so controlling. The re-
suit will be that the League having
the power completely to impress the
bullying nation will not need to ex-
ercise that power. Indeed 1t Is hardly
too much to say that the nations of the
League will W need to go beyond
the effective discipline of a universal
boycott. But II such a war does break
out In which we shall deem 1t our duty
to intervene under Article X, or the
other articles, one instance of suppress
sion by the joint forces Of the League
viii be a lesson for the world, not
needing repetition. 1t will be worth
all 1t costs in demonstrating that the
way OF the t~ransgressor who breaks
the Covenants of the Leage will be
hard.
Lessons from History
This conclusion as to the minatory
effect of the covenants OF the League
and the organization OF It's members
to enforce them does not rest merely
on an a priori reasoning. We have in
our own history q striking confirma-
ton of it. In 1923, the Holy Alliance
consisting of all the powerful nations
OF Europe. except Great Britain, gave
indication of an intention. to aid
Spain In recovering her lost colonies in
this Western Hemisphere. We had
recognized the Independence of those
colonies, Canning. the British Minister
for Foreign Affairs urged upon Presi-
dent Monroe and John Quincy Adams,
the Secretary Of State, the wisdom of
uniting with England in a League to.
resist the Holy Alliance in overthrow
ing the Independence Of these new
American states. Thomas Jefferson
was consulted, and he advised making
a League with England, which he said
woul not be an e~ntangiing alliance
against which he had warned his
countrymen, but would be justified by
its great public purpose. Monroe and
Adams. however. thought 1t wiser to
act alone John c. Calhoun, the Sec
rotary OF War, advised strongly
ag>xnSt sole action. Nevertheless.
President Monroe in his Message of
that year. made the declaration which
has since been known as the Monroe
Doctrine, and notified the members of
the Holy Alliance that the United