davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16

selves in unsatisfactory positions ashore
they found their road north and east barred
by Turkish infantry, holding higher ground,
admirably adopted to defence purposes.
The British advanced few miles from
the extreme tip of the peninsula but were
held before Achi Baba heights The Anzacs
australians and New Zealanders) made
little progress east toward Sar-Bahr. Then
trench war deadlock ensued Toward the
end of May German submarines appeared
i'll the Egean and the Allied fleet had to
take to cover, thus depriving the army of
the artillery support which would have
been needed to launch a powerful break
ing through operation like that at Neuve
Chapelle.
AT this point the British War Council
would have been justified in cutting losses
and drawing out Of Gallipoli. But the
doggedness it had failed to show in using
the navy in the strait it now showed in
using the army on the peninsula. Six more
divisions were dispatched to support the
six originally sent. 1t was decided to make
another attack from a point still further
north-at Suvla Bay-thus taking the Turk
ish position opposite the Anzacs in the
flank and rear
This was a sensible idea. 1t was also
fortunate one; for the Turks were caught
mapping. With better staff organization and
more competent leadership General Ian
Hamilton might easily have enveloped and
crushed the Turks at Sari- -Bahr as Allenby
enveloped and crushed them north of
Jerusalem in September, 1918
But the British army had not yet learned
how to make war. The great opportunity
at Suvla was frittered away by generals
who didn't realize the value of time The
troops fought heroically and captured po-
sitions which, il held by proper reinforce
ments, would have put the British in sight
OF the Dardanelles narrows.
The Suvla Bay operation began on Au-
gust and lasted until August Ii or IL.
When it was over General Hamilton ap-
pcaled to the British government for more
troops. But the War Council was now
through. The army was allowed to stav
on until December part of it into Janu-
ary, 1918. But all thought of an offensive
against Constantinople was abandoned.
The Dardanelles-Gallipoli expedition was
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16

Trafalgar. 1t also put on Great Britain the
burden of resorting to land attack to force
the strait. Acceptance of defeat by the
navy greatly weakened British prestige in
the East In order to restore it the army
had to be called in.
land operation against Constantinople
presented many more difficulties than
naval operation did. British naval organ-
zaton was efficient. In the winter of 1914
1915, the British military organization was
far from efficient. Much time would
necessarily be lost getting a sufficient army
to Gallipoi. And the Turks could assemble
more troops there in given time then the
British could.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16

OF no let-down in the efficiency and calibre
of American labor, and meat will continue
to be their principal item of diet Ameri-
cans, notorious for their consumption Of
meats before the war, will therefore con-
tinue to lead the world in this respect. Gre
ating a home demand for meat products
which alone will tax the utmost resources
of the livestock industry for years to come.
The prospect that present conditions will
prevail for years and that livestock market
prices Will remain ct near the present
level will undoubtedly have some influence
in bringing about increased production OF
meat animals in the United States The
incentive of large profits to be gained will
do more than anything else to restore the
livestock industry to the position it once
held.
A graphic illustration of how far short
the production of meat animals has fallen
with regard to the increased demand can
be found in study of livestock statistics
for the last sixty-eight years.
The number of cattle on American farms
in 1850 was l7,77s,e07, while the population
of the country was 23,0O0,000. In the
thirty-year period following 1850 the num-
ber of cattle had increased tc 33,25S, 900,
while the population had more than
doubled, increasing to 50,000,O00. The
number of hogs increased but 100000
head in thirty years, while the number of
sheep was increased by about 190OO,OO0
head in this same period.
BY 1900 the number of cattle had in
creased to AZ O02 Ala head while tha corr
try's population had reached $4,000, 900.
During the period between 1880 and 1900
the sheep raising industry began to suffer
q decline, which became most serious in
the present decade, an increase of but
100000 being shown for the twenty years.
During this same time the number of hogs
on farms was increased by 100000 head
The livestock census for the fiscal year
ending June 80, 1918, given above shows
an even greater increase, but it must be
remembered that this is chiefly paper in
crease. due to the fact that the consump-
tion Of meat products in the United States
he's increased enormously. as compared with
the increase in population. In the last
decade the American people have become
the greatest meat-eating nation on the
earth, and in this last four years this ap-
petite for meats has been given an even
mightier impetus.
The commendable increase in the num-
Der of animals in the last decade has there
fore been more than nuliicd by the great
increase in the consumption of meat prod
ucts on the American table. An interest
ing situation is revealed in the fact that
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16
Significance of
The Expedition

but after Russia was practically forced
out of the struggle the full strategic sig
nidcance Of the Dardanelles expedition be-
came apparent. The English public de-
manded an accounting A commission.
headed by Lord Cromer, made an investiga-
ton and submitted a report on March s.
1917. 1t became apparent from the evidence
gathered that in 1914 snd the early part Of
1915 Earl Kitchener was the sole arbiter OF
British military policy. He dominated the
War Council, and usually igaored it. Mr.
Churchill described him as "all powerful.
imperturbable and reserved" Everybody
bowed down to him. Scarcely any one
ever ventured to argue with him in the
council" Mr. Churchill testified.
As the commission could not help discov
ering, he undertook more than he could pos
sibly accomplish, and his administration of
the War Oiice was marked by confusion
and ineficiency. He therefore was more
responsible than any one else for the lack
OF cooperation at the Dardanelles between
the army and the navy and for the bunglir.
OF the one great strategic opportunity whics
presented itself to the Entente power~.
There are two phases of the Callipoli
tragedy which will always stand out black
est. One is the sacrifice to inexpericnce
and incomretency in leadership of APPENDED
troops like the Anzacs. The other is the
hcart-breaking decision not to send the Al
lied fleet back into the narrows on March
10, when the Hamdieh and Kilid-ul-B Bahr
batteries had between them only twenty
seven aSmor-piercing shells left
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16

while the number of cattle has been in
creased by approximately 2s0oo,00o head in
the last eight years, the production of
beef has shown a falling off of at least 40
per cent, as compared with the increase IN
consumption. With the vast increase in
the expectation of beef products to Europe
proposed for the next year, the nations
meat supply will show an even greater
decrease.
The seriousness of the situation is found
in the fact that the supply of beef cattle
cannot be increased sufficiently to keep
pace with the growth in consumption in
fewer than ten or fifteen years. Some Au-
thorities estimate that it will require a
much longer period to bring about the
proper adjustment of supply and de-
mand. The only hope, therefore, is for a
drive which will increase the production
of hogs, sheep and poultry, three compari-
lively easy methods of increasing the meat
supply in short period of time. Authori-
ties declare that the number of sheep could
be increased enormously without taxing the
country's resources, and that the farms of
the country could accommodate an addi-
tional 25,0Oo0o0 head of sheep without the
slightest difficulty within years time
Others estimate that the production of
sheep could be increased tenfold without
unsetting agricultural conditions, due TO
the fact that sheep thrive on land un-
suited for cultivation and are the thrifticst
meat animals to be found on American
farms
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16

thus one long train of mishaps. bold and
sound strategical conception was wrecked
by persistent faults in execution The Brit
ish losses were CHASTITY in comparison with
the results achieved. The killed, wounded
and missing numbered about $4,000 Nearly
100000 more men were incspacitated at one
time or another by sickness. Because OF
its deplorable and costly failure many mill
tary writer's described it as piece of mill
tary madness, and denounced it's promoters.
chief among whom was Winston Churchill.
as bungling amateur strategists
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16

throughout all of Europe, due to the war
and the social disorders which have swent
a number Of countries. The exports of beef
and pork to Europe within the next wear
must reach the enormous total of 1000 900.
Voo pounds or more, and at least one-haif
OF this amount must be shipped abroad for
several years to follow. In we'll informed
circles it is not believed that the exports
OF meat products to Europe will ever return
to the pre-war average. In fact, there is
every reason to believe that American beef
and pork products will enjoy tremendous
vogue in Europe, even with the restoration
OF normal conditions in the livestock in
dustry upon the Continent
The most recent reports concerning our
resources in meat animals indicate con-
siderable growth in numbers, which, how
ever, fall far short of the increased de-
mand. The number of cattle on American
farms has increased from a three-yea pre-
war average Of 56,592, 900 head to e6,83O 900
head, according to statistics compiled by
the food administration. In the mean time
the demand for beef products, both at home
and abroad, has been multiplied several
times and still is increasing at tremen-
dous rate. The number of hogs on farms
during threc-year period before the war
averaged 58,933,0OO head, which had been
increased to 71,374,000 head at the close of
the last fiscal year On the other hand, the
number of sheep and goats on hand on
June 80, 1918, compared with the pre-war
yearly average, had decreased by more than
100000, 900 head.
The return to peace conditions will brinr
little or no decrease in the demand for
meat products in this and neutral Countries,
while the demand for meat products in the
war-torn nations Of Europe will show an
enormous increase. American factory
workers have required much more meat on
their daily table in order that they might
sustain the terrific pace required to provide
the sinews of war. The shortage of labor,
together with the food of peace orders
which even now Is beginning to pour in
upon the American industries, will permit
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16
Civilization in Its Entirety Looking to Americas Meat
Safe for Many Years to
Come

became acute and the lack of fodder made
it necessary to slaughter millions of meat
animals to save them for food purposes.
The intensified submarine campaign against
Allied and neutral shipping served to make
the situation even more desperate and the
slaughter of meat animals continued at an
alarming rate
The coming of peace will not serve to
check the downward tendency, as the
slaughter of the depleted stock of animals
must continue unabated for months to
come. 1t will be a matter Of several years
before the European farmers can begin on
even small scale the work of restocking
their farms with cattle, hogs and sheep,
for unlike the worlds brcadbox, the meat
supply cannot be rcplenished with one or
two bumper crops In conservative, we'll
Informed circles it is estimated that
period of from fifteen to twenty-five years
will be required to restore normal condi-
tions in the livestock industry, both here
and abroad.
The pork situation, the more easily rene
died because of the greater rapidity with
which the farms can be restoclcd with
hogs, can scarcely be restored to normal
state of affairs in fewer than four or five
years, according TO the most careful esti-
mates. Unless the gravity Of the situation
is appreciated and the proper aid and en-
couragement given the farming industry of
the country there is little hope of any great
improvement in conditions within the next
ten years.
The demand, which has already far out
stripped the supply in the days before the
war has been increased enormously as the
result of four years Of war. 1t is possible
that the government may find some means
to stimulate the industry and thus improve
conditions appreciably, but the policy of
Indifference and shortsghtedncss which
has been maintained by the farmers and
the government does not promise any great
improvement in the immediate future
The skyrocket tendency in the hog
market in the last three years is the best
evidence Of the grave situation facing the
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16
By William L. Mcpherson

Copyright. 1919. New York Tribune Inc.)
HOR the Allies the Dardaneles cam
paign was the most poignant trag-
Il edy Of the war. 1t was the de-
feat which counted most heavily
against them. Failure to force the straits
IN the winter and spring of 1915 blasted
the one hope the Entente had Of estab-
fishing a continuous front
The capture Of Constantinople would
nave given the Western Powers easy access
70 Odessa and Kiev, the bases of the Rus
san armies operating in Bukowina and
Daiiela. 1t would have prevented Bull
saria's entry into the war as an ally of
'ermany and Austria Hungary. Turkey,
oesng completely isolated, would have been
compelled TO sue for peace. Serbia would
nave been saved. Rumania could have
''ned the Entente without risk to herself.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16
OvercaufiOn in
The DardaneIies

ISe'uding Fech's final campaign the
Dardanelles expedition was, therefore, the
most vital offensive operation undertaken
" Inc Allies. II it had succeeded it would
Aa'e changed the whole course OF the war.
'y winning constantinople early in 1915
sae Entente combination would probably
nave been able TO defeat the twc-pover
'ss'sn combination without help from the
United States.
u there had been a Farragut in com
.sha Of the Allied fleet in the DardaneIlcs
~ Dansage TO conxsantinople would have
sssa forced- But no Farragut wns in eight.
I'sssAusion replaced that calm. collected
xsa'ax Which inspired the running OF the
Bay. go t''"'''S'pp' ana OF Moo'le
sas Turkish defences in the Dardanel,ex
4. ss'y ne more irapassable than we're forta
e ss'lsp and Jackson or forta Morgan
= 1ssnes. YET tbs British Admlxslty
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16
Why Not a More
Fruitful South?

The Southern states offer the most fertile
territory for the exploitation of the hog
raising industry. Until the last few years
these states have been a negligible factor
in the livestock world, due chiefly to the
ravages Of such pests as the fever tick
Since tho war began the Southern states
have increased the production of livestock
by more than 25 per cent, and there is
every reason to believe that it could be in
creased by from 200 to 300 per cent with
out the slightest arrangement of condi-
tions. The climatic advantages enjoyed by
the Southern farmer, once animal diseases
and insect pests are routed, enable him to
engage in livestock farming the year round
at minimum Of expense. Range feeding
is possible the year round thus eliminating
the heavy expense TO which livestock men
are put in other sections of the country
to carry their hogs and cattle through the
rigors Of winter weather.
One means OF improving the situation is
the encouragement Of poultry raising on a
much larger scale than at the present time
Chickens and other domestic fowl can be
raised quickly and profitably and can be
used extensively in replacing other meats
The production of poultry could be doubled
in single season and would add millions
of pounds of meat TO the country's supply
of food products. Still another means of
curbing the near famine in meat products
is the utilization of the immense resources
of the dairying industry to their fullest
possibility. immense sections of the West
ern states, scarcely touched by this in
dustry, could be utilized for the production
of dairy animals and dairy products on a
scale scarcely dreamed Of, as the industry
has realized scarcely one-tenth of its pos
sbilities and resources.
The painful experience through which
America is passing will no doubt serve as
a valuable lesson and an incentive to the
task of refilling the worlds food granary
One thing seems certain, and that is that
the attitude of indifference pursued here
tofore to of the worlds most i'm
portant industries of livestock rails
ing-will no longer be tolerated And this
is the great hope of the present crisis
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16
Tradition
Confirmed

The first and only real effort to close
in came March 1S. The attack was
surprise to the world at large, which had
come to the conclusion that the Allied fleet
was being used merely to clear the way for
land expedition. The tradition had been
established that feet could safely
destroy or run modern land batteries
The results of the assault of March IS
seemed to confirm this theory. The Allies
lost three e-dreadnoughts French
Bouvet and the British Irresistible and
Ocean. All these were sunk by mines,
although the Bouvct was also hit by shells
from Hamidieh. The British batte-cruser
lnfexible and the French -dreadnought
Gaulois we're also damaged by gun fire.
These losses, which we're ut once admitted,
caused great concern. But they were less
serious than they seemed to be. Won der
Goltz, Ambassador Morgenthau testiics,
had fixed the price of successful attack
at ten ships. Moreover, the all-day action
Of March 18 had greatly improved the
fleets chances. For the real justification
Of the Allied attack was the well founded
presumption that the Turks were short Of
munitions. The Allies could replace the
ships which were sunk, but the Turks
could not replace the shells which had been
shot away.
Ambassador Morgenthau in his volume of
"reminiscences candidly exposes the hope
less situation Of the Turkish defence on
March 49, He had visited and inspected
the Dardnneles forts on March Is and 16.
solkcd With fp Turkish
manders and officials, having made the trip
as the guest of Enver Pacha. He had also
other sources Of information. He writes
LET us suppose that the Allies had re-
turned, say ON the morning Of the lvtb,
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16

VOW that peace has added tens of
millions of hungry mouths to
those who must be fed at Uncle
\ Sans boarding house, the prob
80, ~ restocking the country's meat lardcr
~ hecun to assume even greater impor-
..,.s than had been expected by those cx-
~srts in matters of reconstruction who have
s,.r busy with these problems for many
u,orths- Aside from the immediate tasks of
a.uobilising the huge army and the turn
49, If the war Industries into channels of
nsaseful activities, the one great problem
- the months to come will be that of
t..r;nr Uncle Sans worldwide commits
.arv department speeded up to the huge
,ask of warding off the gigantic spectre of
starvation and hunger which hangs over the
srester part of the world.
Following their almost frantic endeavors
% speed up the production of food supplies
20 meet the demands of the war, the ma
,;on's agricultural leaders now find them
selves confronted with task many times
rrester Where one hungry mouth de-
manded food few months ago, two and
three are turning sppeaiingly to the one
oToAt ETAHdly SdpdbiS VI WoAufhG VIZ oeoi
vation and famine. A few months ago
Uncle Sans boarders might have been num-
bsred in the tens of millions; to-day they
must be numbered in the hundreds of mill
inns. During the days when Americas chief
concern. as we'll as that of nearly every
lberty-oving government in the world,
was the crushing of the terrible engine of
destruction unloosed by autocracy, the bulk
OF the nations surplus food products was
consigned to the Allied governments. This
meant feeding a great part of the 125.-
100000 English, French, Italians and Bel
eians who were helping to make the world
safe for democracy. This meant much
skimping and saving on the part of the
1l0000,000 Allies on this side of the water,
but no nation ever responded more loyalty
or courageously to the task of sharing its
own depleted food supply with the people
Of other hungry nations.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16

forts from Dardanos north The Allied
guns outranged the Turkish by two
miles and the ships were able to keep be-
yond the danger line. But they made little
impression on the Turkish batteries by this
long distance bombardment.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16
By O. R. Ceyer

countrys meat lovers. The Wholesale price
of hogs was almost tripled in three years
time. eclipsng the high water mark set by
the hog market in the Civil War period.
Hogs which were selling at from to
cents pound before the war have been
bringing from IS to 1s cents a pound, and
there is every indication that the market
will continue at it's present level for some
years to come.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-16

VOW that peace has added tens of
u millions of hungry mouths to
those who must be fed at Uncle
Sans boarding house, the prob
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-05-25

FOREIGN PORTS
ALICANTE. May 14-Sailed: Steamer
0layarria (spon.) Nrom Barcelona). New
AsMissrERpAM. Nay l7.-sa!lsd: Steam
ers Ganymedes Br.), Sandy Hook; Ulysses
,Josey DAM. Sandy Hook. I7th, arrived arrived
S Sc !, knud II. (DsnD. New York
Jun (Dan), New York; 18th. arrived
Steamer Sagaporack Philadelphia; Horn
BY BY Castle lBr), Norfolk; 10Th. arrived
BARBADOS. May 2o.-saied: Steamer
Basaan 1from NorfollD. Pernambuco.
pr bREsl Nay ts;, 2a 70 sailed Steamers
arrived: Steamer Troy. New yorls 2lst,
sailed; U. S. s Now Jersey, New York
18TH sailed: Steamer Saxonia (Br), New
RUENos AyREs, May 20. - Arrived
Steamer Mahaska, New Orleans via Per-
s1%~S dAns4s co May pascn A 6Ss
New Nev,. York; 1lth, Ahsalon DAM, New
Thyra $. Il New yor rl'''' -''" - !"
GlBRALTAR, May l7:-sailed: Steam
ers Norwich City, New York; Pera lBr),
GtaD. New York
GLAsGow, May 2o-sailed: Steamer
BT GoHma (TfM Ph maS 1o Arrived
steamer Oscar Midding (swed). Charles
HAL1rAX. N. s. May a4--Arrived:
Schooner Ainslic (BrD, Barbados.
HAMBURG, May 12.-Arrved: Steam
er Lake Berdan, Philadelphia.
HARE, May 17.-Sailed Steamer Roath
(Br.), New York.
LA PALLICE, May 1s.-SaiIed: Steamer
Norfolk. New York; 18th, arrived: Steam
er Drigo New Orleans.
LlVERpOOL May 21.--Sailed: Steam
ers Araguaya GBr), Portland; Carmania
iBr). New York.
Lizard. May 23.-Passed: Steamer
Nieuw Amsterdam Dutch), New York for
LONDON May 2l-saicd: Steamer Oris-
tano (Br). Newport News. @0th-Sailed
steamer city of Edinburgh (Br), New
York
MANCHEsrER. May 2I.Arrived: Steam
err Niceto de Larrinaga (Br), Norfolk.
NAPLES, May 15.-Arrived: Steamer
Marie Gtal). New York.
PLYMOUTH May 21-Arrived Steamer
Western Pride, Phiiadel phia, via Hamburg
etc. Sailed: Steamer Rotterdam (Dutch)
from Rotterdam for New York.
ROTTERDAM, May 16.-Arrived: Steam
er War Wolf (Br), Philadelphia. May 5
Arrived Steamers Hatteras, New York
Noord Dutch), Newport News; Ocean
(Dutch). New York
ST NAZA1RE. May s1.-Sailed: Steam
ers Canonieus, Philadelphia; Poca hontas
Newport News.
SANTOS, May 1S.-Arrived: Steamer
West Indian. Rio dc Janiero for New York
VALPARAISO, May 20.-Arrived: Steam
er Santa Luisa New York. via africa, etc.