The sun., 1919-01-19

whatever paint is used. But paint may !
render even conveyed or escorted |
vessel less liable to torpedo attack as
low visibility and deception are possible. |
Vessels proceeding alone canno, expect !
often to be invisible to ordinary vision /
within about 5000 yarda, unless there !
is haze or fog OF It is night as |
their bulk distinguishes them from the |
sky For ranges beyond about 5000 |
yards in such a case, low visibility and !
even invisibility is frequently possible.
But. II a vessel lies between the |
C-boat and the sun no amount Of paint |
will render her invisible. since the side
Of the ship seen will be IN the shadow |
and the background will be illuminated. |
Deception TO ordinary vision is possible, |
on the other hand. within approximately |
5000 yards, or greater distance II the |
per iscope used magrifes to several times |
normal II is difficult 10 80 pain. n large |
warshlp as to cause real deception. be-
cause her naval rnasts and upper works
give away her character and heading.
On the other hand low visibility for all
ships is possible
The Systcms Analysed.
One may now analyze the respective
merits Of Ave American systems, the
| British dazzle and the navy camou-
tage, for these represent the systems OF
camoufage practiced during the Euro
pear war. The Naval Consulting Board
recorded on July .. 1917, regarding the
Mackay system:
Fundamentally it is based on nothing
the surface with the three primary COL
ors which at n distance blend to pro-
dlce n gray having the quality Of gray
! light He also proposes to shade the
tints so as to lower high lights and
raise the low areas OF illumination"
This was classed as a system Tor yes
sells watch in our opinion will lower
their visibility" The theory Of Mr.
Macllay's low visibility system Is given
by him In the following language:
THE proportion of constituent colors
to give white are: Violet A. red SO,
green 20. Therefore areas covered with
these three colors in this proportion
would give a general overall gray. With
the colors in this proportion the ground
color would be violet"
II is not clear row three different
color effects can be produced by the
same formula. At a subsequent date Mr..
Mackay supplemented his low visibility"
object with a dazzle purpose anu pro-
huced "A system which ho calls ono OF
descriptive Coloration,'
The Warner system aims primarily
to dazzle" rather than to reduce vlsi-
bility. Various irregular patterns are
carried cut in the shades red. blue, PINK.
green and white. Particular stress Is
laid by the artist upon the value Of
strong cont asts with a view TO giving
a deceptive appearance TO familiar parts
OF the vessel. But Mr.. Warner regards
tie question Of pattern as Of paramount
in73~' rtance. He does not ask to give low
visibility within five miles OF a vessel.
The Toch camouiidge system applies
| To,,.- %
dark blue gray. a dark green and
light pink purple. The coors are said
TO have been selected for their So-callcd
vibrating qualities. The dark colors
uredom'nate in the lower part 81 the
hulh and tho lighter in the upper part
along the skyline and on the eNtremiues.
All lines, both vertical and horizontal,
arc broken by the alienation or "olors.
The surors' ruo,ure. masts and tunnels
are painted mainly in very light blue
gray irregular.y splotched with dark
graz and a light pink purple. The green
does not appear in the superstructure
The coins are intended 70 blend and
fade out in LONE distances into the gem
eral tore uf SKY and water, which are
, assumed t. be the same. Low Visibility
, is sought hr the use Of co'ors of AL
legged low visibility qualities and a "daz-
zlc" effect by PLACING them In strong
contrast and in large splotches
The Brush system seeks low Vsoil'
ity by rendering uniform the illumina- =
ton Of the vessel. Dark areas are raised
by light paint and light areas are
darlsened Black and white is occasion
ally used, or a dark gray Tho result
ing shade upon blending is a gray some
what lighter than hattlcship sray. but
resembling il.
short Ray CoIors Used.
. Lewis Hcrzog devised a system which
uses tire short ray cO,ors--that is, those
from the lower side of the spectrum -
Z az ..c.-..... ..,. 4