The Madison journal. (Tallulah, Madison Parish, La.) 1888-current, 1919-04-26
TREATY FRAMING
IS SLOW PROCESS

The years 1713 and IT'S that brought
10 a close the war of the Spanish sue
cession (known In American history
in its later aspect as Queen Anne's
war). To prevent the union of Spain
and France under Bourbon rule, VIII
Fam iii Of England formed another
grand alliance, which included Aus
tria and several German states. In
Guiding Prussia. An armiStice was
concluded between France and Eng
land In 1712, but II was not until April
IL, lib, that peace was signed at
Utrecht between France on the one
side and England on the other. Spain
settled with her enemies In the next
two years.
A second treaty Of Aix-laC hapelle,
signed October Is, 174S, marked The
conclusion of the war of the Austrian
! succession, notable for the long and
successful effort of Maria Theresa to
keep her throne against a host Of
claimants.
| First of the treaties that vitality af-
fected the future of North America
was that of Paris, which ended the
Seven Years war. Beginning with a
struggle between Prussia and Austria,
the war spread to the German states,
Russia, France. Sweden, England and
Portugal. Preliminaries of peace
were signed on November 3, 1862, but
the definitive treaty was not consum-
mated till February 10, 1853. In the
settlement, which was of far-reach-
ing character, France lost Canada and
much of her India possessions to Eng,
land. The latter also established her
supremacy on the seas.
Just 20 years later 1t was England's
fate to sign treaty acknowledging the
independence Of her former American
colonies, and simultaneously to make
peace with France and Spain. The
negotiations which ended the Ameri
can Revolution were under way fol
months. Franklin, Jay, and Johr
Adams, as Americas plenipotentiaries
signed the preliminaries of peace OF
August 80, 1882, but 1t was more thar
year later (September 3, 1881 tina
the definite treaty was formally agreed
to at Versailles.
) Treaty of Client.
At Amiens, on March 81, 1902, Eng
: land signed treaty with Spain
France, and the Batavian republic
, (Netherlands), wherein the first Ma
poleonic successes were recognizes
: and accepted. Peace preliminarie
: had been arranged at London nearl
5 six months before.
The Treaty of Client, which close
5 The second war of the United State
e with England, required more tina
, four months for negotiations.
! Another Treaty of Paris had only
t few months before MAY 80. 1914
been signed by France with all tn
!, allies, who had been fighting Bona
Y parte. BY it all the territorial advar
e tages won by Napoleon, were give
e back. At the same time provisio
e was made for the calling at Vienna G
h a conference to settle the general a
v fairs of Europe, disorganized and di.
: ,racted by the long years of war.
a The congress of Vienna thus sun
l, moned, was the most remarkable n:
), semblage of its kind the world ha
e ever seen. All Of Europe, except Tu
d key, was represented by delegates, tn
e number of those who assisted at III
v gathering being over five hundred.
n Oneninp on September 80, 1914,
lasted until June 8, 1915, or more tina
IS eight months. Crowned heads, Il
e Guiding three emperors, were In o
l. tendance at various times. An G.