The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1919-09-12

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ed, contented in their lives and fort
unate in the circumstances of their
lives.
! IF I were to state what seems to
me to be the central idea of this
treaty, it would be this: 1t is almost
a discovery in international conven-
tions-'that nations do not consist of
their government, but consist of their
people,
F., "That is a rudinentary idea: it
seems to US to go without saying to
us in America, but, my fellow citi-
zens, it was never the leading idea
in any other international congress
that l ever heard of; that is to say,
any international congress made up
of the representatives of government.
F., They were always thinking Of ma
tional policy, of national advantages,
of the rivalries Of trade, Of the ad-
: vantages of territorial conquest.
There is nothing of that in this
treaty.
You will notice that even the ter
ritories which are taken away from
Germany, like her colonies, are not
given to anybody. There isn't sin
gle act of annexation in this treaty.
But territories inhabited by people
not yet able to govern themselves,
either because of econmic or other
! circumstances, or the stage of their
development, are put under the care
of powers, who are to accept as trus-
tees, trustees responsible in the
forum of the world, at the bar of the
league of nations, and the terms up
on which they are to exercise their
truseeship are outlined. They are
not to use those people by way of
profit and to fight their wars for
them; they are not to permit any
form of slavery among them, or of
enforced labor, they are to see to it
that there are humane conditions of
labor with regard not only to the wo
men and children, but the men too.
They are to establish no fortifica-
tions; they are to regulate the liquor
and the opium traffic; they are to
see to it, in other words, that the
lives of the people whose care they
assume-not sovereignty over whom
they assume, but whose care they as
sume-are kept clean and safe and
holy.
Treaty a Paem of Noble Impulses.
There again the principle Of the
treaty comes out, that the object of
the arrangement is the welfare of the
people who live there, and not the
advantages Of the government.
It goes beyond that and it seeks
to gather under the common super
vision of the league Of nations, the
various instrumentalities by which
the world has been trying to check
the evils that were in some places
debasing men, like the opium traffic,
like the traffic-for it was traffic
in men, women and children; like the
traffic in other dangerous drugs;
like the traffic in arms --mong un-
civilized PEOPLE, who cl;.d use arms
only for their detriment; for santa
ton; for the work Of the Red Cross.
Why those clauses, my fellow citi-
zns, draw the hearts of the world in
to league; draw the noble impulses
of the world together and. make a
poem Of them.
I used to be told that this was an
age in which mind was monarch; and
my comment was that if that were
true, then mind was one of those
modern monarchs that relgns
and does not govern; but as
matter of fact, we were governed
by great representative assembly,
made up of the human passions, and
that the best we could manage was
that the high and fine passions should
be in majority, so that they could
control the face of passion, so that
they could check the things that were
wrong, and this treaty seeks some
thing like that.
In drawing the humane endeavors
together, it makes mirror of the
fine passions of the world, Of its
philanthropic passions, and Of its pas
sion of pity, Of this passion of human
sympathy, of this passion of humane
friendliness and helpfulness, for
there is such a passion.
Read the Treaty Wilson Urges.
beg, my fellow citizens, that you