davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
FARGO SPECIALIST TAKES OWN LIFE
IN CHICAGO EN- ROUTE TO SANITARIUM

z Il 4 o. --l q ~ & . p
Chicago, ILL.,, Oct. 29.-Dr. Chris
/. tian Kachelmacher, a noted spe-
cialist Of Fargo, N. D., attempted
to commit suicide at a hotel here
today by shooting himself.
DR.. Kachelmacher, accompanied
by DR.. Olasson Sands, also Of
Fargo, was en- route to Battle
Greek, Mich, to enter sanitarium
to recuperate from a nervous
breakdown. They registered at
hotel shortly before noon and DR..
Sands left the physician alone in
the room while he made transpor-
tation arrangements.
When DR.. Sands returned he
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29

found the door locked. DR.. Kach-
elmacher was found lying in pool
of blood in the bath room with a
bullet wound in his head. A re-
volver was clasped in his right
hand. n.
DR.. Kachelmacher was rushed to
a hospital, where it was said his
condition was serious. He is a
specialist on the ear, eye and nose,
having studied in Germany and
Norway before taking UP his prac-
tice In Fargo, DR. Sands said. He
suffered nervous breakdown d
year ago and was confined to u
sanitarium. He is married and has.
two children.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
TREATY MAY BE
IN EFFECT FOR
ARMISTICE DAY

London, Oct. 20. The German
peace treaty may come into effect on
the anniversary of armistice day. 1t
was announced by Cecil Harmsworth,
under secretary of foreign affairs, in
the house of commons today, that the
government hopes the treaty will be
formally ratified on November II, and
come into force the same day.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
GERMAN GUILTY OF
WRECKING CANADIAN
BRIDGE AT ST. CROIX

Fredericton, N. B., Oct. 29.-Wer-
ner, Horn was found guilty today on
the charge that he dynamited the Ca
madam end Of the international bridge
at St. Croix, New Brunswick, Febru-
ary 2, 1915. The jury was out only 13
minutes. 1
Horn, who conducted his own de-
tense, said he was a German officer
and acting under orders of the Ger
man government in war times. ~
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
THIS YEARS COAL SUPPL

This years coal production is already
short, being 354,991 900 tons to date, as
against ass, 100000 tons this time last
year.
Less coal will be needed this year
than last since munitions and other
wartime industries have shut down.
During the strike it is expected that
$4,000 anthracite miners will continue
producing. Operators expect over 2OO-
900 non-union bituminous miners to
stay at work
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
SPECIAL
SESSION
NOV. 25

A special session of
the North Dakota legis-
lature was called for
November Is to enact
laws necessary for the
carrying out of the in
dustrial program; to
provide relief for drouth
sufferers and to ratify
women's suffrage in a
proclamation filed with
the secretary of state at
4:45 this afternoon by
Governor Frazier.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
WE'RE AFRAID OF COAL

In 1916 the English parliament pc
titioned the king. to forbid the use of
coal "lest the health of the population
should suffer" The king issued pro-
against coal burning. But
when the price of wood went beyond
the purse limits of even the wealthy
the royal order was revoked. w.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
STRIKE ORDER EFFECTIVE
FRIDAY MIDNIGHT STANDS
RIOTERS KILLED,
IN CLASH WITH
EGYPTIAN LAW

Alexandria, Egypt, Oct. 29.-Two
rioters were killed and, ten others in
jured and q policemen were hurt in
a nationalist demonstration yesterday
which the police attempted to suppress.
Sticks, stones, bottles and police batons
We're first used
Troops fired shots at the crowd.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
YUDENITCH ADMITS
FAILURE OF DRIVE
ON RUSS CAPITAL

Berlin, Oct. 29.-The anti -Bolshevik
paper Prisyp apparently an Esthon-
ian paper) prints a communication
from General Yudenitch, dated Octo-
ber 27, declaring that the attack on
Petrograd was unsuccessful.
Reports from Reval state that Gen.
eral Yudenitch is falling back along
the entire line.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
GARFIELD WAS HOPEFUL

Washington, d. c., Oct. 29.-Fuel
administrator Harry A. Garfield dis
cussed the threatened strike of btu
minous coal miners today with Secre-
tary Tumulty at the White House. He
Was summoned here from Williams
college. of which he is president.
DR.. Garfield, who still has authority
to function as fuel administrator, said
he was in close touch with the strike
situation and expressed confidence that
Il settlement VOID be reached with
out walkout of the miners.
WOULD HIT VIRGINIA HARD
Charleston, W. Va, Oct. 29.-Forty
thousand union miners employed in 466
mines in West Virginia will quit work
next Saturday if the general strike
order is enforced Their idleness will
cut the coal production of the state
100000 tons month. - @
These figures, given out by the coal
mining interests, are disputed by union
leaders. who claim $4,000 members Of
their organization in the state.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29

GOVERNMENT TO TAKE DRASTIC STEPS
Washington Oct 29The government is preparing to take
drastic steps to deal with conditions arising the coal fields if the
executive board of the United Mine Workers America permit
the strike order to stand. +G$&
This becama known today after Federal Administrator
CARRIED had been summoned from Massachusetts discuss the
situation with Secretary Tumuty.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
ATTORNEY HERE

Henry Z. Dickinson, prominent at
tOrney of McCluskey, was business
visitor in the city yesterday.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
Today's Weather

Highest wind velocity ..... 1O-S.
Forecast for North Dakota: Increas-
ing ,cloudiness. probably followed by
snow late tonight or Thursday; warm
er south portion tonight; colder Thurs
fllv ~
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1919-10-29
NO MODIFICATION TO
BE MADE, SAY MINERS;
UNCLE SAM Will ACT

Indianapolis Oct 29Th strike order of the Workers
effective Friday midnight stands
After two hours discussion the conference here
the big unon announced they had call
cessation of work. ."o
President Wilson's industrial war
had defender in the conference, it stated
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
Packard Rules That
Money Intended For
Capitol Is Sacred

Bismarck. n. D.. June Assist
ant Attorney General Packard today
ruled that the extension to the capitol
street railway line for which the last
assembly appropriated 5000 from
the capitol building funds cannot be
built with these public moneys. To
use the capitol building fund for this
purpose, the assistant attorney gen.
eral holds, would be an improper di-
version of funds. The opinion was
furnished at the request Of the board
Of control.
Mr.. Packard refers to previous
opinions of the same tenor from At
torneys Generals Linde and Miller and
to supreme court decisions on the
subject. He also notes the fact that
Governor Burke in 1911. vetoed an
appropriation of a similar nature on
the ground that the capitol building
funds could, not be legally diverted to
purposes other than those defined In
the enabling act, under which con-
Kress sdecreed that.they be: devoted to
the erection of buildings atsthe capitol
for Legislative, judicial or admins
trative purposes"
Mr.. Packard holds in another opin-
ion furnished thP board Of control
that funds which, have accumulated
in the treasury OF the state hospital
for the insane cannot, be utilized In
the erection of a new residence for
the superintendent of the hospital.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
Burleigh Farmers
Are N0,U Opposing
SOciQlistic Plans

Bismarck. n. D., June "A radical
change in sentiment among the farm
ers in the northeastern part of Bur-
leigh county Is reported by G. A..
Bardsley, a prominent Wing farmer.
here with his family for the Burleigh
county playday. Wing township vot-
ed by a majority Of one against state
socialism in last falls election. Mr..
Bardsley believes that majority will
be increased considerably June rs.
Our farmers believe in progress.
but they are against socialism. 1t has
required some time for them to con-
vince themselves that the Townley
program is socialistic, but they are
now awake to the fact" said Mr..
Bardsley. ."They are beginning to un-
derstand that the Townley single tax
idea. means that five or ten years
hence there will be no property in
dependent farmers will be taxed out
of existence. The state will own all
the land"
Mr.. Bardsley has been farming in
North Dakota since 1881. He came
to Burleigh county from Paramount
six years ago, and has a fine farm Of
500 acres near Wing. He has watched
the progress of the-Townley chain
store for which Wing farmers sub
scribed thousands of dollars. "At
first a few farmers traded there" said
Mr.. Bardsley today, but they found
they were paying more than was ask
ed at other stores, IN they, gradual
ly dropped off. until today the store
has no~'patronage to speak Of"
Wing is also dissatisfied with the
hail insurance plan. They insist that
we commit ourselves now, when We
are plagued with 'grasshoppers and
when no one knows whether. we are
to, have a crop. The farmers are
thoroughly disguised with. the
scheme" [
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
Dakota Bushes. College
Pupil Lands Portland Job

After completing a course at
the Dakota Business College,
Fargo, N. D., Miss Cecilia
Schroeder went to Portland, Ore.
where she Immediately secured a
position as stenographer with
the Kilham Stationery and Print
ing Co.
The unusual thoroughness Of
the D.. B. C. course prepares
young people for responsible po-
sitions everywhere. Miss M
Walker, who was head stenog,
rapher, Extension Dept, North
Dakota Agricultural College, re
Gently sailed for France to dc
Red Cross Secretarial work,
!, Write F. J.. Watkins, SOC
Front ST., Fargo,..N. d., about the
Summer course, now under way
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
MYSTERIOUS !; ].
DlSTlLLERY .
DlSMANTLED
Elaborate, Automatic, I'm
foreground Booze Factory,
Found Near Minot.

Minot, N. D. June THE famous
still on the Peter. Ehr farm north Of
Mfnot, one Of the most elaborate UNI
~derground distillery systems that has
ever been invented and which has an
exceptional record for the reason that
It has baffled all detectives, police Of
hctals and state authorities, was de-
stroyed Yesterday. Under an order is
sued by Judge K. e. Leighton in the
district court, the place was declared
q common nuisance and the still
smashed up unders the direction of
Sheriff A. P. Scof1eld and States At
>torney O. B. Herigstad. It took a
gang Of several men owe a day to put
h still out Of use forever.
This still goes down in local court
annals as the still without all OPP
orator" Although the still was a
mos elaborate system and was con
nected. with the basement Of the
house which was occupied by William
Kelley, the tenant on the place, and
was also arranged that the refuse
was pfped to the pig pen where 1T was
fed to the pigs, the alleged offender
and tenant of the house baffled all
attempts of the state prosecuting au-
thorities and won from Judge Murray
in the county court a dismissal of the
case on the ground that there was no
sufficient evidence to convict.
Depies knowledge.
Kelley testified that he was rent
ing the house from Peter Ehr. owner
Of the farm and that he was running
It in connection. with Ehr's son. He
admitted he lived in the house but
knew nothing whatever about the
still. He registered much surprise
when it was found. All the intricate
watts, pipes. brick fire place.. etc.
we're beyond his comprehension. De-
tectives, attorneys, special agents and
all Of the officials Of the law were un.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
News

able to discover the missing link in
the. evidence which, ifs found, might
connect some one with the operation
OF the still. So the still will be known
as the automatic still without ar on
orator." l.. l5
some sun.
And 1t was some still! There were
three wooden watts holding about
twenty gallons each and then there
were several little watts holding tenor
twelve each. There was an apparatus
for grinding corn, %sprouting barley
and mixing dope. In a corner was a
brick fire place where the mixture
was distilled. There was a big pipe
from the still to the basement Of the
house in which Kelley lived. There
was also a connection with the we'll
house on the place. There was an
underground drain from the big vat
to the pig pen where the refuse wal
fed to the hogs. Everything worked
like clock work, and with a result
that would. make a Kentuckian cough.
At the time Of the raid. there were
thirty-two cases Of whiskey in the
basement and the plant appeared to be
| n full operation. but who conceived
the idea, who built the plan, who
made the whiskey, how the refuse
came to be fed to the hogs, in fact
all the essential matters concerning
the operation Of this wonderful still,
will ever remain a mystery.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
ABOUT THE CAPITAL

Bismarck, N. D.. June Mrs.
Charles Liessman, wife of the secre-
tary OF the state board Of regents,
Claims to be the prize woman gardens
er in Bismarck. She has a fine field
of potatoes which have been in bloom
for several days.
Deputy State Auditor O.. b. Lund
appeared before the federal examiner
conducting a hearing on the North
Dakota railway tax Friday,
county. i.
In response to a request from Gov
erpor Frazier as to the date Of the
reception which Des Moines had plan
ned for the returning 88th division,
Governor Harding yesterday wired
that the men are coming in small
contingents and being rushed through
Camp Dodge as rapidly as possible,
and that it appears probable that Des
Moines must abandon its original
the whole division. Governor Frazier
had been invitedst to go down to well
COME the North Dakota members of
the S8th division, in which a majority
of the select service men from this
state served.
Thousands of miles of highway
right-of-way in North Dakota sand
other northwestern states were saved
to the public when h supreme court
Of the United States last week upheld
the decision of the North Dakota su-
preme court in the case of Fexon VS..
Lallie township, Ramsey county. The
plaintiff objected to the condemnation
of q sixty-foot strip of section line
through his place for highway pur-
poses. He went back to ancient In
dian treaties to establish his right to
this property and to prove that the
United States government was not
congress set aside section lines in
public domain for highway purposes.
Had Faxon's contention stood up,
every state, including land coded by
the Indians, would have been affected.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
PlNCHOT AND
GORE TO TALK
AT BISMARCK
National Board of Farm Or,
CARNATIONS to Have Big
Day at Capital.

Bismarck, N. D.. June with
Sentor Thomas F.. Gore Of Oklahoma.
Clifford Pinchot, president. of the
Pennsylvania rural progress ~associa-
ton and a member of Roosevelt's
cabinet, and DR.. w. J\Spillman, the
noted economist, as headliners, the
national board of farm organizations
Bismarck on June Is the greatest
galaxy OF Agricultural specialists
which ever has appeared in the
northwest IN n platform.
In addition to the trio named there
will be Charles S. Barrett, national
president Of the Farmers Educational
and Cooperative union; Maurice Nc
Auliff, president Of the Kansas Farm
ers' union: A. A. Elmore, president
of the Washington State Farmers
union: John A.. McSparran, master of
the Pennsylvania state grange, and
Milo D. Campbell, national president
of the milk producers federation.
Farmers conventions under the
auspices of the national board of
farm organizations have been on
Quoted by these men at Lexington,
KY; Salt, Lake City, Utah; Modesto,
Calf. and San Joe. Cal. They are
putting in next week at Spokane,
WASH, and Bozeman, Mont, and will
go from Bismarck to Fargo and
finally to Mitchell, S. D.
In addition to the visitors, Governo,
Lynn j. Frazier and Commissioner OF
Agriculture and Labor John N. Hagar
will have a place on the Bismarck
program, which will be given at the
auditorium. Governor Frazier will
make the address of welcome, and
Commissioner Hagan will talk on the
new era in agriculture in North Da.
kota. 1t is anticipated that at leas,
two thousand farmers from all part.
of h Slope and of central North Da.
kota will attend the meeting here.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
MINOT NOTES

Minot, N. D., June 1.-THE Ward
county commissioners are making ar
rangements for the use OF. six of the
United States war trucks to be used
for.roaa purposes. The counties are
permitted to use the equipment. With
will help considerable in the effort
to keep the roads in good condition.
The county commissioners Of Ward
county have appropriated a fund of
$500 to be used to help exterminate
the grasshoppers which threaten the
crop with destruction. A poison bait
will be used under the direction of
the county agent.
Masons for this district assembled
in Minot last night for the exempli-
~ication of degrees Of the Blue Lodge.
work. Grand Master Wick of Cava-
lier, N. D., was one of the principal
speakers at the banquet held al the
conclusion Of the degree work.
The Minot Town Criers' club re-
elected it's full slate Of officers al its
annual meeting, The officers follow:
President, w. F. Jones; vice presi-
dent, J. X. Woodward; secretary, Will
directors, j. F. Smallwood, v. E.
stenerson, Ira d. Wight. c. D.. See,
and r. H. Bosard. The Town Criers
have charge of the publicity work of
the big home coming celebration to be
held in Minot. July 3 and 4 for the
soldiers and sailors of northwestern
North Dakota.
The annual election Of directors Of
thu nh avnhaN ~ 1~~a~a@~~A ~~~,,fkAA -
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
SCHOOL

Williston, N. D.. June IA record
crowd from surrounding community
and %neighboring towns attended ths
dedication of the new $4,000 schooS
building at Zahl. A musical program
by local talent, exercises by the pupils,
and an address by Herman Zahl. fors-:
mer resident of that community, were
the chief features Of the day.
The new building is modern in ev-
cry respect; two teachers are at press
emit employed, but there will be three
on the staff next year. 3
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
START NOR
INVESTIGATE
TREATY lEAl
Indications Are that Inquiry
Will Take iinjs Wide
Territory.

Washington. June Preliminary
preparations were being made today
for the Investigation to be conducteds
by the senate foreign relations com-
mittee into statements that copies Of
the unpublished treaty with Germany
are in private hands in this country:
The inquiry, authorized by 2 senate
resolution adopted yesterday, may
take a wide scope. 1t is not expected.
that definite plans will be laid. how
ever, until the committee meets TO
take up the subject Monday.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
WOMAN INCLUDED IN
LIST OF CITATIONS

Washington. June 7.-onei woman
vas included in the list Of citations
made public by the war department
today as the basis for awards. OF the
Jane jeffrey, an English woman,
serving as an American Red Cross
nurse. vas cited for extraordinary
bravery in action. While on duty In
q hospital she was wounded by an
exploding aeritl bomb but refused to
leave her post though suffering
great pain: her devotion to the task
Of helping others was inspiring to her
associ9tes. I'LL.
Other. awards Of. tho D. C.. s. an
Calumet, Mich.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
Methodist Episcopal.

DR.. Thos. H. Gallagher, minister.
THE Power of a Religious, Family is
the morning sermon theme: Worship
at 1880. Reception of new mem
bers. The Children's day program
begins at IL o'clock. Babies, children
and adults will be baptized. Epworth
league for young people at Z p. m.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
NESTOS wIIL SPEAK.

Starkweather, N. D.. June Hon.
r. A. Nestos, former states attorney
for Ward county, one time candidate
for the United States senate, speaks
in this city at o'clock this afternoon
on the issues before the people in
the coming referendum election. Mr..
Nestos is considered one of the ablest
platform men in the state and a large
audience is confidently expected to-
day,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
Bethany Lutheran,

Zion Lutheran church. English
Pentecostal services Sunday morning
at 1o:45: Morse Pe~ntecostal services
Sunday evening at 8 O'Clock; English
Sunday school at $40: Morse Sunday
school and bible classes at IL; Mems
club Tuesday evening at 8. The La
dies Aid will serve a meatball sup
per next Wednesday evening beginning
at 5 o'clock. The Lutheran song fes-
tival and young peoples convention
will be in Fargo next Thursday eve
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07

Morning.
Prelude. Aria ...............H iggs
Anthem. But the Lord is Mindful
|. Mendelssohn
onertory. !Andantino. So. scharwenka
F. Evening.
Prelude, La Baritone. ..... .Leybach
Anthem. Gently Lord, o Gently
Lead Us ....... $50. .Berwald
O6ertory. Andante Sostenuto
Nottingham
Duet. Oh, Living Voice of Jesus
..... George b. ,Nevin
Postlude, Festival March (from
Scipio.
Miss Beth Bulls. organist; Law.
renee Andersen, choir director.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
s~cnndinavfan Methbdist.

Corner First avenue and Chestnut
street. Pentecost services at 1915 q.
10. and p. M: Sunday school and,
bible class at IL. j. LOrentx.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
First P~rcsbyte.4an.

Service Sunday. June 8. 1919. Sun.
day school convenes at 1880: chill.
dren's day services at IL; C. E. so.
ciety at z; evening worship at 8, sub.
ject. Gods Greatest Gift. Content.
ment." Wednesday night prayer serv.
ice. All are. welcome. F. Halse,
Ambrose.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
Services
EmanuA nunch.

Mekinock, n. D., services In church
~ =; HI Gunhus Sunday afternoon at
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
Swedish Lutheran.

Corner of Alpha and Sixth. Sun
day school at $3.50 a. m. Confirmation
services at 1880 a. M. and com
munion services at 1880 p. m. The
Ladies' Aid society meets at the Emil
Peterson home, Minnesota Point, next
Wednesday at 8 p. m. Rev. and Mrs.
gates to the syndical meeting at
L~endsbay. Kansas. j. M. Persenius,
pastor.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
St. Paul's,

Sunday, June 8, 1919, whitsunday.
8 a. m., holy communion: 10 a. M.
Sunday school: ii a. M, morning
prayer and sermon. You are cordial
ly invited to worship with us. J.. Wat
son, rector.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
Plymouth Congregational.

Services for Whit Sunday, June 8.
Sunday school at 10 a. m. Divine
worship at ii a. m. Subject: 1.-The
Unseen Guide" Children's address,:
The Second Birthday" Music by the
choir, All come! No evening serv-
ice.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
IMtheran Immanuel.

sos South Third. P~entecost sun
day. English service at 10 a. M:
German service at IL a. M: no eve
I service. Sunday school at 9:15
a. m. H F.. Buegel.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-06-07
At 8 .o.clock, song service and Sermon
on 'AThe Rights OF q Boy. Citfsens
and strangers cordially invited.
Church Of God.

10 q. M. Sunday school: IL O.. M,
morning worship. Bro. Alex Finley
will preach. No. preaching In the eve-
ming, but will have prayer meeting
at 7:45 p. M; Thursday J7:45 p. m.
prayer meeting at. chapel. All are
invited: A. G. Ahrendt, pastor.