The gazette-times. [volume] (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, 1919-07-24
Some Orchard Troubles
And Their Remedies
C. E. Schuster, Field Horticulturist,

o. A. C. Extension Division.
A visit through the orchards Of
Heppner and surrounding vicinity
shows that there are three main
troubles affecting the fruit trees be-
sides several minor ones. All of
these can be controlled sufficiently
and with little cost to insure a good
crop of fruit so far as these troubles
are concerned.
Fire blight Is doing some damage at
the present time and is very apt to
do much more at any time. Fire
Blight can be noted by the dead ap-
pearsnce of the leaves on a limb-as
If they had been scorched by fire
hence the name Of Fire Blight. Fire
Blight Is found on apples and pears
and is caused by bacteria. The only
control is to cut out the effected parts.
Cut out the effected parts we'll below
the diseased section and burn, for II
the diseased parts are left lying
around insects will carry the bacteria
| to some other place where new tree
or parts of tree will be infected. The
tools used In cutting out the diseased
parts should be disinfected by using
mercury bichloride-one part of mer-
curry bichloride to one thousand parts
of water. The tools are wiped with
a rag. wet with the solution and the
cut should be washed with 1t also.
This fire blight must be controlled by
individual work but can usually be
done II watched carefully.
! Also everyone has greater or less
number of wormy apples caused by
the larva of the coddling moth. The
worm Is so common that every one
knows it. These are destroyed by
covering the surface Of the apples
with poison spray and according to
conditions 1t win soon be time for q
new generation Of worms to appear.
To kill them spray with lead arsen-
ate, one pound Of the powdered lead
arsenate to fifty gallons of water or
one ounce to three gallons of water.
Another season they should be spray
ed for earlier in the season as we'll.
Just at this time there will be
found q slug feeding on the leaves
of the cherries and pears. The leaves
appear dead and dark at distance
and on examination greenish, Shiny
slug will be seen feeding on the upper
surface of the leaves. These can be
controlled by the same spray as used
for the codling moth or easier yet, In
many cases, simply by busting the
leaves with air slaked lime or even
road dust. Put the dust in a burlap
sack and shake over the surface, see
ing that the leaves are thoroughly
covered.
AS general as the others or even
more so is the San Jose Scale that
has practically killed quite number
of trees in this vicinity and surely
will kill them If the scale is not des-
troyed. These are found as minute
scales, under which will be seen
yellow, soft body, and often the
scales are so thick as to entirely COW
er the bark of the tree. The scale
is killed by spraying with lime sui
phur during the winter or early
spring, before the leaves come out,
using one part of lime sulphur to
ten parts of water. The spray must
touch each insect so the work will
needs be thorough.
The work Of cutting out the Fire
Blight will probably best be done by
each owner as the fire blight shows
up. But the control for the remain
der of the disease can quite easily be
handled under community coopera-
tive plan of spraying. With power
sprayer already on hand 1t should be
an easy thing to get someone to do
the work. For each person to get an
outfit to spray his trees Is too expen-
sive and In most cases 1t will not be
done. These trees proving a menace
to those orchards that are being
sprayed. While the cost of an indiv-
ual outfit may be prohibitive the cost
with community outfit will be much
less and the slight cost will be many
times repaid by the amount Of fruit
gathered. This community should
raise all the fruit for its uses In the
gardens and small home orchards
and fruit of an exceptional quality IL
appearances are not deceptive. But
the trees will need care the same as
any other crop though no other crop
will repay as we'll for the care be
slowed ON II. One of the cares Is to