davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Many ''Settled" Questions
Must Be Rescttled

AS see it, this can have only
one consequence, namely, a reset
tlement of many of the questions
settled" or compromised in the
Paris Conference, question such az
Danzig, the Rhine barrier, tbs
Saar Basin, Thrace, and not impos.
sibly the Banat and Dalmatia. Tha
Paris Conference decisions wero
actually compromise between the
American idea, as Mr.. Wilson's
views were invariably described
abroad, and the European idea.
Now Italy and Rumania have repu-
dated any compromise and insisted
upon settling their problems in
thoroughly European fashion, while
the United States, so far as the
Senate is concerned, at least, has
challenged the American idea; and
the resulting political debate in
America has disclosed a divided sem
timent. Therefore, it seems to me
that France, Poland, the rest of the
Continental nations, will swiftly or
slowly-the French have many
years to decide in the matter of
the Saar and the Rhine, as the cir
cumstances dictate-seek CONT
mental solution conforming with
Italian and Rumanian action.
Copyright 1919. BY the Mcclure Newv.
paper Syndicate.)
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

episode upon the other parts of Eu-
rope.
Let us take, for example, the case
of the Saar Valley. The French
have it. They own, or will own,
every coal mine; they are authorized
to extend their customs lines to in
clude this territory. Fifteen years
in the future they will have to SUBJ
nit to a plebiscite to decide whether
the territory shall go back to Ger
many or remain French. But this
condition was imposed solely because
the President of the United States
set his face against an out-and-out
annexation as inconsistent with the
fourteen points. But since Italy and
Rumania are not permitting Presi-
dent Wilson's views to prevent them
from acquiring territory on which
they have claim not more justifi-
able, one would say, than the French
claim to the Saar, why should
France permit herself to be re-
strained?
Further than this, Mr.. Wilson,
for the United States, pledged, so
far as he could pledge it, an Amer
lean alliance to protect France
against German attack in the
future. Only by this pledge did
Mr.. Wilson persuade Clemenceau
to abandon the claims of Foch and
the French army to the military
occupation of the left bank of the
Rhine. Now, if the Treaty of Ver-
sailles, particularly in the parts re-
garded as vital to protect French
interests, is amended in the Senate !;
above all, if the United States SEN
ate refuses to ratify the treaty in
suring France against German at
tack, what is more certain than that
France, which has not yet ratified
the treaty herself, will, with equal
promptness, add amendments of her
own?
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
The Modern Gabriel
- From The Daily Express, London.

to use the power now in French
hands to safeguard the French
future.
The fact is, of course, that the
Germans could not now defend
themselves against the French. If
the French chose to send armies to
Berlin they could go with the ap-
rroXimate ease with which the Ru-
manian armies reached Budapest.
Moreover, the recent murder of
French soldiers in the Saar Basin,
the refusal of the Germans to re-
tire from the Baltic province, their
outrageous behavior in Upper Sile-
sia-all these supply admirable JUS
titications for such a French course.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Open Defiance
of Pact Started
by Ru1nanians
at Budapest;
Precedents Set
for France and
Greece to Act

interests, even when these interests
conflict with principles which were
proclaimed at Paris as the new con.
stitution of the world. 1t is re-
pudiation Of the idea that Italians
can think other than as Italians
when a question of national senti-
ment is at stake. When he addressed
his appeal to the Italian people over
the heads of the Italian Ministry, a
few months ago, President Wilson
had the opposite idea.
But Fiume is only a step. Far
more important steps are still to
come. We shall see a French gen.
eral election at no distant date
and we may see French ministry
fall before the election, for the
American episodes have been terri
bly, expensive for the Clemenceau
Ministry, which has held on up to
the present moment only by reason
OF the promised treaty of alliance.
And any new French ministry
would, in my judgment, adopt far
different course with respect to
Germany than the Clemenceau Min
istry has been led to adopt in the
belief that such course was neees-
sary to enlist essential American aid
for France.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Such Step Would Doom
Treaty of Versailles

Once such a step were taken,
then there would be an obvious end
to the Treaty of Versailles. The
statesmen who carried through such
a programme would not hesitate to
take such safeguards for the future
as have not been taken by the
Clemenceau government solely be-
cause it relied upon President Will
sons assurance that he would be
able to procure the ratification, both
Of the Treaty of Versailles and the
treaty of alliance. France would
then enter into permanent occupa-
ton of the Rhine barrier and annex
the Saar Basin. In doing this she
would go no further than has Italy
or Rumania, and she might be as
sured the support of both Latin
powers as consequence.
This possible French procedure
would be described as imperialistic
by a certain fraction of American
and British sentiment, which does
not sympathize with France in any
event and regards with utmost dis
approval French apprehension Of a
new German attack. But most rea-
sonabe Englishmen and Americans
will see in French effort to achieve
security against German aggression
a natural and inevitable national in
stinct. Above all, neither Americans
nor Britons will be prepared to make
war upon France, which is the es.
sential fact.
In my judgment, future French
action will be entirely dependent
upon the course Of the United States
Senate in adopting or rejecting the
treaty of alliance. The French are
not interested in the league of ma
tons, do not believe in it and have
accepted it only as a matter of pol.
icy, not as an act of faith. If the
Senate rejects the treaty of alliance
the French will, in their own time
and in their own way, follow the ex-
ample of the Rumanians and the
| Italians. They will proceed to the
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Italian Ministry Knew
OF d'Annunzio's Plan

On the other hand, Rumania had
managed to survive, and the rising
national spirit Of resentment made
it difficult for the Italian govern
ment longer to stand in the pathway
Of national aspiration, even when
it was led to such position by a
wise regard for national welfare.
Nothing, then, was moro natural
than that the way out Of the d.
lcmma should be found in the re-
vival Of ono Of tho most glorious
and romantic episodes In all history.
or course, the Italian Ministry
knew Of the d'Annunzio plan, just
as Cavour and the King were thor
oughly conversant with Garibaldi's
plan. Not to perceive this Is to be
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Europe Already Rejecting
President Wilson's Ideas

Had the United States Senate ac-
cepted the Treaty of Versailles with
out delay and by a unanimous, or
approximately unanimous, vote, the
European reaction would have been
far different from what it now is.
1t was the undisguised conviction of
both the French and British repre-
sentatives at Paris that the Presi-
dent was supported by the mass of
American people, without regard to
party, in his European course.
France bowed to certain entirely un-
palatable demands of the President
simply because France needed Amer
lean financial assistance. and feared
that any other course would deprive
her of this aid. Italy, at least, hesi-
tated in the matter Of Fiume; Ru-
mania listened for the moment, bid
ing her time. AS for Poland, she
consented to the greatest sacrifices
of all, as her need of American sup
port was the most considerable Of
all.
But what has happened in Amer
ica since the President returned has
been at once a surprise and shock
to the European statesmen. The ex-
tent of the opposition to the Presi-
dent in the Senate has already called
forth debate in the French Chamber
and, if the treaty be modified and the
treaty of alliance rejected, may re-
suit in an upset in French politics,
If America is not unanimous in it's
support of President Wilson's poll
cies, as they affect France and Italy
as they affect all European ma
tions; if there is no possibility of
winning American sympathy and
support by accepting American ideas
as expressed by the President, at
real sacrifices of national security
and aspiration, then Europe is pre-
pared to reject them-is already re-
jecting them.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Italian Sentiment
Behind d'Annunzio

"Terribly sorry, but we can't just
manage to do this thing; awkward
for us to attempt to deal with this
wild fellow; please take it In your
own hands. " Such was the burden
Of the Italian official statement.
Meantime, Garibaldi's imltator was
we'll established in Fiume and actu-
ally embarrassed by the influx of
volunteers. What nation in Europe
desired to undertake to expel him,
knowing full we'll that Italian ma
tional sentiment would be up in
arms in a moment and war with
Italy was an immediate possibility,
while, If the war did not come at
once, enduring hatred would be the
consequence? Not France, certain
ly least of all France, with an 1tal-
ian frontier and a German menace
still to be thought Of. Not Great
Britain, out of humor with fighting
whether at Archangel OF Fiume, and
anxious, like the United States, to
set her troops home and have done
with warmaking for time.
AS for economic pressure, the
thing was only little less danger
GUS. How could ono starvc the 1tal-
ians and tho inhabitants Of Fiumo
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Idealism Being Discarded:
Realism Is Demanded

But whether the treaty of alli-
ance and the Treaty Of Versailles
be rejected, amended materially or
accepted as the President asks that
they shall be accepted, it seems to
me that we are doomed to pass
rapidly, are actually passing, from
world policies founded upon ideal
ism to those based upon realism.
The Italians and the Rumanians
have very frankly disclosed their
total unwillingness to sacrifice ter
ritory or security to any general
scheme Of pacification and good
feeling. No sacrifice was asked Of
the British, but in advance they
announced that they would not
make any surrender in the one direc-
tion where it might be asked, name
ly, in the matter of the "freedom
of the seas"
So far the French and the Poles
have been asked to make great sac
rifices, asked by President Wilson
in the name of world peace, and
both have consented, but with mis-
givings and against the wishes Of
many Frenchmen and Poles. But
now it becomes clear that the French
and the Poles alone Of the European
nations, one on the Vistula, the
other on the Rhine, have given up
security, while America seems by no
means ready to accept the doctrines
which, at the Presidents behest,
France and Poland accepted. In ad-
dition, the security promised each
in the league of nations and in the
Franco American British alliance
begins to seem insubstantial, to say
the least.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Got What They Wanted,
Did as They Pleased

Paris, therefore, having told the
kumanians not to 10 to Budapest,
and then, when they disobcyed, to
yet out Of Budapest, ended by re-
'apsinx into painful silence, rather
ridjcnlously broken by protests
against Rumanian evacuation of
Budapest, which might be followed
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

by return Of Bolshevism. So far
as the Rumanians were concerned,
they got what they wanted, they did
as they pleased, and no one has yet
found way to punish them or to
deprive them Of territory actually in
their possession but not awarded
them by the Paris Conference.
Logically enough, Italy read in
the Rumanian episode-in which she
certainly played at least a friendly
part-the real solution to her own
difficulties. Her troops occupied
Fiume and certain Dalmatian ports
claimed by the Italians as we'll. But
there we're Allied troops there, also.
After many months, following Mr..
Wilson'S famous Paris appeal to the
Italian people, it was clear that the
whole Italian nation, the radicals
quite as unanimously as the conser-
, vatives, insisted that Fiume should
be Italian.
All the hope of acquiring title to
Fiume through negotiations was at
an end. Mr.. Wilson could not re-
cede from his position of the spring,
because he had affirmed the question
to be moral before it was political.
But, impossible as was the task of
acquiring title with American con-
sent, there was nothing in the way
Of actually completing Italian pos
session save the reserves Of the Ital-
ian government, which feared that
an overt act might lead to the denial
to Italy Of the loans and other as
sistance terribly needed.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Italy a Rebel
Against Paris Conference

Fiume, like Budapest, is an Incl
dent Of worldwide concern. 1t is a
natural and consecutive step. 1t re-
veals Italy, following the Rumanian
precedent, rebel against the moral
and the political authority asserted
by the Paris Conference. 1t dis
closes great power resolved to fol-
low It's own policies, consult its own
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
No Nation Ready to
Try TO Expcl Italy

Now, it seems perfectly clear that
Italy will keep Fiume. She has it.,
the whole nation is resolved upon
retaining it, and there is no one of
the nations represented at Paris
no concert Of nations-ready to be-
gin a brand new war in order to ex-
pei Italy from an Italian town, al
belt the town which is the natural
sea gate for the southern Slavs.
There was no one ready to take up
arms to drive the Rumanians out of
Bessarabia; there will be no one
to drive the Rumanians out of the
Banat if they make good their
threats and take the Torontal, al
lotted to Serbia at Paris.
Again, will there be any one to
discipline Greece if she proceeds to
occupy that portion Of Thrace which
the Paris Conference cannot make
up it's mind to give her, although it
has subtractcd it from Bulgaria?
At the very least, l should not be
surprised to see the Greeks try out
the matter before many days. Why
shouldn't they? Their claim to this
portion of Thrace is several thou
sand years old and stands the rig
orous test Of the fourteen points
quite as we'll as Fiume.
But the case of Greece is relative
ly minor. The world will possibly
worry along with Hellenic troops in
Dedeagatch, as the world endured
the temporary stay Of Bulgarian
troops in the same region. AS far
as France and Great Britain are
concerned, they will welcome such a
solution, for the United States is
the only quarter in which the Bulga1
has any friends, and President Will
son is the sole opponent to the Paris
proposal to give all Of Thrace tc
the Greeks. What is really impor-
! tant now is the effect Of the Fiume
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

absorption Of the Saar Basin and
find adequate justification for per-
manent occupation of the left bank
Ct the Rhine; such a course will, in
the end, have the same support In
France as d'Annunzio's Fiumc vent
ure has enlisted in Italy.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Recent Startling
Coup at Fiu1ne
by d'Annunzio
aManOeuVre
Planned With
knowledge of
Rome Ministry
By Frank H. Si1nonds

"HE exploit Of d'Annunzio at
Fiume has recalled for the
Il whole world that equally
brilliant page in Italian his
tory filed with the story Of the ad-
venture Of Garibaldi and his Thou
sand, when they set out from Quartz,
almost sixty years ago, on that ex-
petition which gave Italy her first
real foretaste Of unity.
The circumstances are hardly
dissimnar. Before Garibaldi set
out, the King and the great architect
Of Italian unity, Cavour, knew Of the
plan. The attack upon a friendly
state, the kingdom Of Naples, itself
under the protection Of the Euro
pean concert, at least theoretically,
has a strong resemblance to the
present attack upon Jugo-Slavia.
Moreover, as England looked with
undisguised satisfaction at the gal
liant elimination of so long and brave
an effort on the part Of the Italians
to obtain unity, not a few French
men, probably a certain number of
Britons, regard the new incident
with approval.
The truth Of the matter must now
begin to appear to the American
people, as It has long been clear in
Europe. In so far as the Treaty of
Versailles has done violence to the
nationalistic aspirations Of the vari-
Gus nations united against Germany
it has become a dead letter less
than six months after it was signed
and before it has been ratified either
ny France or the United States.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

a dupe Of a maneuvre which has
deceived no one on the other side
cf the Atlantic. Moreover, dan
nunzio was a particularly available
leader for such venture, since he
had actually forced ~the reluctant
Italian government into the war on
the Allied side in May, 1915, and
there was due him the gratitude of
the statesmen and public of the
Allied nations, for whom Italy's en-
trance, at the very moment of the
great Russian defeat at the Duna-
jec, was almost a life-saving affair.
Accordingly, d'Annunzio took
Fiume, the Italian officers in his path
way politely effaccd themselves and
the Italian nation made no attempt
to disguise its approval and enthus-
asm. The government, which could
not have lived a moment had it
undertaken to use force, and as GER
tainly could not have commanded
any Italian force to attack Fiume,
politely turned the task over to the
Allies, after certain delays not dis
advantageous to d'Annunzio.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Rumanians F1out
Mandates of Conference

A few weeks ago the Rumanians
demonstrated by their march to
Budapest their supreme contempt
for the mandate of the Paris Con-
ference. Not only did they go to
Budapest against orders, but they
have remained there ever since. At
the same time they have continued
to hold the territory occupied by
their soldiers, but forbidden them by
the Conference of Paris, notably in
the case Of Bessarabia, a province
three times as big as Alsace-Lor-
raine.
The Rumanian episode, as I
pointed out at the time, was mani
festly only beginning. Rumania,
in going to Budapest, was really
making the test case for Italy and
for all the other nations. which re-
garded the Paris Conference and it's
decisions with resentment. 1t was,
IN fact, matter Of life or death
for the Paris Conference to bring
Rumania to terms, because, If Ru-
mania were able to f1out it, to deny
its authority and proceed on her
own way, then there would be no
obstacle in the pathway Of other ma
tons.
But apart from notes, warnings,
threats Of economic pressure, which
seem hardly to have been made
good, the Conference Of Paris could
90 nothing. French sentiment
would not permit the employment Of
French troops against the Ruma.
mans; Italy undeniably advised Ru.
mania to mako the test. AS fo1
Britain and the United States
neither country was in mood tc
make war in the Balkans-and rea,
war, too-for Rumania can put al
least 100000 veteran troops in the
he!1, with an equally large trained
force of reserves.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-01-10
PEACE QUESTIONS
NOW COMING Up
President WiIsoa May
Meet Preniers This
Week.
MAKING PROGRESS
ON PEACE PROGRAM
of Program for Peace
Conference Expected to Go For
ward as Result of Presidents
Return to Paris.

Paris, Jan. 9.-Many important
questions concerning the arrangement
of the program for the peace confer
ence, which have been in process of
solution, probably will soon be ad-
justed as a result OF President Will
sons return to Paris. The president
now has personal knowledge of the
views of some of the premiers on
these subjects and he has suppliment-
ed it by his observations during his
trip to Italy.
The president during his trip to
England and Italy Kept in close touch
with the members of the American
peace delegation in Paris and it is
evident from the expression of Off
cials that the settlement of various
matters will progress more rapidly
from now on.
The presidents informal talk with
Colonel House Tuesday night dealt
with the attitude of Premier Clemen-
ceau and Lord Robert Cecil regarding
a league of nations. The conference
gave the president fresh information
concerning their views and today Col.
House and Secretary Lancing confer
red with Lord Robert, who is the Brit
ish authority on a league of nations.
So it may be regarded as certain
that the program is making progress
and that in a few days matters will
be in shape for the first step of the
conference.
In fact, it is admitted the first meet
ings. between President Wilson and
his aides and the entente premiers
may take place the end of this week.
These conferences will be informal
and will carry forward, in a spirit of
accommodation the discussions which
have taken place during the presi-
dents absence between individuals of
the various groups. b..
The meetings are expected to de-
velop great Importance later, but at
present it may be said that results of
value have been reached and that the
ground has been cleared for the be-
ginning of the actual negotiations.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-01-10
Final Report Announc-
ed By the Census
Bureau.
1917 COTTON CROP
11,24S,242 BALES
Five Million Forty Thousand Tons
of Seed-Crop Worth $1,532,69O
coo to the Growers; Seeds Are
Worth $333,550,OOO.

Washington, Jan. 9.-Final sta
tistics of the American cotton crop
of 1917, announced today by the
census bureau, place production at
11,24S,242 running bales, equivalent
to 11,3O2,375 bales of 500 pounds
each, gross weight, and worth ST.
532, 100000 to the growers. Produc-
ton of cotton seed amounted to s.
040,000 tons, worth $333,550,000.
For the ".cotton year" ended July 81,
1918, consumption amounted to g.
566,489 bales, exclusive of linters;
exports amounted to 4,288,420 bales;
net imports, 217,3S1 bales; stocks on
hand at beginning of year, 2,720,173
bales and at the end of the year, g.
45O,1ss bales.
For the entire world the produc-
tion of lint cotton destined for fac
tory use was 17,410,00 and the mill
consumption 17,7O1, 900 bales of 500
pounds, net weight. =
Massachusetts still retains its su-
premacy on the cotton manufacture
ing, the report announced, with a
mill consumption during the cotton
year of 1,492,113 bales, including
linters. :,
Next in order were: North Caro-
lima, with 1,186,314 bales; South
Carolina, with s92,532, and Georgia,
with ssO,3s5. The mill consumption
Of those four States alone represents
nearly three-ffths of the total for
the country. Since 1912 the annual
consumption of cotton in the cotton
growing States has. amounted to
more than half the total for the
United States. The production for
1918 was 81 per cent.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-01-10
GONE WEST"

Gone West! Over the purple hills
I'd beyond the softly glowing rim
of LIES day the warriors spirit takes
IS fight! oVs Of the morning, across
, white archway Of noontida, down
% the sunset! Out OF the din and
r;"mor, out OF the bitterness '&nd
s''I:;e, OFT Of the fierce passion Of
lie combat, into the tro.n1,azs 81
lence whose shadows r2arl; tie path
way to TIE stars! Beyond carth's
jcrken:ng ilo3;@on, through The c:l.'-
>,-.;Go1 gloom Of night, far unon tAe
shore,ess sea Ct fadeic2a light! Out
CT the agony CT LIES Gathscmane,
cvcr The GaGki1g 2u!n12;: c. c.
va@y, into The realm CT glory, where
God's banner ~ovor furl, where VIC
tory IS sure! So the stainless knight
OF a stainless cause moves down the
west, where earth's last glimmer
fades and dies, and iato Gods
spreading dawn, whose light is eter-
nal. whose breath is cool and sweet.
Gone West~-The Houston Post.