Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1919-01-02
CHAIN OF EVENTS
THAT UPSET WORLD
Review OF War That Cost Ten Million Lives and Fifty Bill
lion Dollars in Property; Begun by Pistol Shot

place France hors do combat and
then obtain q victorious peace over
Russia. Austria Hungary, mean
while, would attend to the Balkans,
The Intervention OF Great Britain
brought this to nought, Germany
then directed Turkey to attack
Egypt and the Suez Canal. and so
strangle Great Britain in the East.
f9i4.10l5
The first net OF Great B:itain was
to isolate the German fleet: her sec
ond to send an expeditionary force
under the command OF Sir John
French to Belgium and France, The
Germans advanced into France to
within fifteen miles of Pals, and
were then driven back to the Aisne
at the battle of the Marne, Septem-
Der 5-12, 1914. Russian armies ad-
vanced into East Prussia, were held
In the center east OF Posen, and
overran Austrian Galicia. The Turks
were defeated at the Suez Canal on
FEBRUARY "a, 1915. In the follow
ing April the Austro- Germans began
drive in Galicia. which by the fol-
lowing November had carried them
eastward to n 450-mile perpendicu-
lar extending from near Riga to the
Russian f:ontier.
From March until October the AL
lies attempted to gain CONSTANT
nople from the Peninsula of CALI
poll, and then withdrew to Saloniki
in an attempt to defend Serbia. Bull
garia having Joined the Central En-
pires on September 90. Bulgaria
overran Serbia and established COM
munication between Berlin and Con-
stantinople via the Orient Railway.
Meanwhile Italy had declared war
on Austria on May 23. and had in
vaded Austrian territory, isolating
the Trentino and advancing to the
River 1sonzo, The Russians, adj
vancing through the Caucasus. were
defeating the Turks in Armenia.
The sinking of the Lusitania on
May I and the atrocities OF the Ger
mans in Belgium, the 'Austrians and
Bulgars in Serbia, the Turks in Ar
menia and the criminal propaganda
In the United States to prevent sup
plies from going to the Allies all
tend to lower Germany's moral
standard in the war. BY the naval
battle off the Falkland Islands on
December s, 1914, Germany's only
fleet on the high seas had been put
out of existence; similar fate soon
followed her commerce destroyers.
Japan had taken the German leased
territory of Kiao-Chau in China, and
out of Germany's oversee possessions
of 1.021,S20 square miles area only
German East Africa. with an area of
SS4, ,1S0 square miles, remained, and
has been lighting down TO the end of
the war.
1915-f0fG
The second year of the war, 1916
1916, saw the Germans completing
their occupation of the Balkans
down to the Saloniki line held by the
Allies; there was a British defeat
on the Tigris. with the surrender OF
Kuft- el-Amara, on April 2S. There
were also the battle of Verdun,
Which began on February 21 and
cost the Germans half a million cas-
ualties; the sea fight off Jutland on
May 81, which left the British navy
in control of the sea; the battle of
the Somme in France. July 1-Novem-
her 13, which regained 170 square
miles of territory and secured sew
eral strategic positions which five
months later forced the great Ger
man retreat; General Brusiloff's
campaign on the eastern front,
which regained 1900 square miles of
territory and captured S5S,000 pris-
oners from June till December,
1916.
1918-1917
On August 81, 1916, Rumania en-
tered the war on the side of Ger
many's enemies and by the dawn of
1917 had been crushed. In March
and April, 1917, took place the Ger
man retreat to the HiEdenburg line,
which surrendered to France nearly
1,500 square miles of territory.
There were British victories at the
bridges of Vimy and Messines, re-
spectively April 10 and June Z, and
the great attack of the French from
Scissors to Rheims, which secured
100000 prisoners. In Mesopotamia
the British recovered Kut-el-Amara
and on March IL occupied Bagdad;
the Arab kingdom of Hedjaz joined
the Allies.
But the most important events of
the third year of the war We're po-
litical, however-the Russian revolu-
ton. March Is, and the entrance of
the United States into the war, April
6. The former was brought about
without any premeditation by the
Cossacks refusing to fire on the Pet
rograd mob and the Duma taking
advantage of the situation and es-
tabnshing n mild Provisional Gov