davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

of the French Joan of Arc is not only a
tradition, but ever-present guardian of
the national destinies. To them it was the
spirit of Joan that stopped the Huns at
the Marne.
Born of a we'll do peasant family in
Domremy, a small village in the Vosges,
partly in Champagne and partly in Lor-
raine, she emerged, unlettered, to advise a
King and to take command of his army She
appeared if in fulhlment of prophecy.
She spoke of her divine inspiration, of the
leadership OF heavenly voices. At first she
was scorncd. But she triumphed over each
succeeding rebuff, and finally in the mo-
ment of testing, penetrated Il Kings dis
guisc and commanded his attention and con-
hdence.
Her military genius placed a crown upon
the brow of an uncrowned Dauphin. She
won wild acclaim. Then came a reverse,
with 1t came loss of popular favor and
of the Kings confidence Ultimately those
that had believed in ner heavenly guidance
looked upon her as a WITCH She was sold
by those whom she had served.
She was tried by an ecclesiastical court:
sentence was suspended; n retral was or
hercsy. That heresy consisted merely in
the wearing of mans apparel. She was
burned at the stake. Her ashes were scat
tered into the Seine because of super
stitious fear that the Vaccinations of the
devil would begin in the vicinity of her
remains. To-day she triumphs over and in
the Church that condemned her, and
mllions-millions that owe nothing to her
by any national tradition-will venerate
her as saint
Some historians have tried to ascribe her
leadership to successful priestcraft But
it has been shown that the only instruc-
ton she ever received upon ecclesiastical
subjects was at her own mothers knee,
She learned the "Pater Noster," the cave
Maria and the "Credo" She knew nothing
OF reading or writing. She was brought
up In ignorance even of the prophecy
which, 1t was later held she emerged to
fulfil.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

Jaures's opposition to what he called "crim
maj folly" led to violent scenes in the
Chamber and the streets. Advocates of tho
measure denounced the Socialist deputies
as band of scoundrels and the public in
the galleries Joined in the demonstration.
crying Down with the traitors!" "Down
with the Prussians!" and "Why don't Won
go to the Reichstag?"
This last taunt, uttered in the heat Of
patriotic passion, might, in quieter times.
nave recalled the fact that Jaures once
tried to go to Berlin, but was prevented
from doing SO by the German government
1t was in July, 1905, just nine wears before
ms death that Jaures was scheduled To
speak before a Socialist meeting in the
German capital. His appearance there.
however, was forbidden by Prince Bulow.
then Imperial Chancellor This in spite of
'he TACT that it was Jaures who only shortly
before had marshalled the opposition which
forced out NJ. Delcasse from the French
forclgn Office for what Jaures denounced
as chauvnlstc and imperialistic policy
bound to bring about European con-
hagratlon For the moment Delcasse's re-
tirement seemed to benefit the German gov
ernment; however, Bulow dseerned that
Jaures's policy. If adopted by tho German
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

binary person. 1t is reported by most his
torians that this message set at rest his
fears as to his own legitimacy. Other
writer's say she repeated to him prayer
which, he said. could have been known only
to himself and God.
Before the Dauphln would permit Joan to
take any part in the military operations
under his command he ordered that she be
sent to Poiters to be examined by COM
mittee of bishops and doctors. m
The minutes of this examination disap-
peared, and were not available at the time
Of Joan's trial, although she frequently ap-
pealed for their production. Nothing could
be found against her. She was declared to
be girl of simple faith and the ecclesi-
astcs could find nothing heretical in her
claims to heavenly guidance. The report of
the examination did not pass upon the
validity of her claims 1t merely replied to
the negative accusatons and said that
nothing actionable could be found
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

morphine, cocaine or heroin as it passes
from manufacturer to the ultimate CON
sumer are too many and devious for the
purposes of this article The supporters
of the bill admit that under existing cond-
tlons of imperfect national and interna-
tional control it is at best imperfect, but
they believe that it is forward step in
the solution of the difficulty
Dr. James A. Hamilton, Commissioner of
Correction, says the new law will not pre-
vent physicians from issuing several pre-
scrptlons to the same addict or patient in
one day. Supporters of the bill point out
that the Department of Drug Control un-
der the law has means at hand to discover
that abuse, and when discovered it is ex-
tremely likely that the offending physician
Will lose his license to obtain the drug.
one of the grounds for anticipatng
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

withdraw from the Kings armies. Rr4 :,
was not permitted to leave.
Toward the end of August it was deca.s
to attempt an assault upon Paris ~
forces, ledlby Joan, occupied st. Denis ~
September Joan, while cheering the w.
onward, was shot through the thigh with
bolt from a crossbow. The Duo d'Alen..s
removed her from the battlefield and q,
assault was abandoned.
Joan felt keenly the failure to attain -.
objective. She knew that her prest;ge NO.
IN danger, that she no longer insnirea -.
men as once she had done. When tho trna.
was signed with the Duke of Burgundy Loo
laid down her arms on the altar of G.
Denis.
On December %, in the midst of a sesso.
of military inactivity, the King ennohlsa
the maid and her family, who, hencefo,.
ward, were known as Du Lis, from tho
feur de-lis on her standard.
In April Joan again took the field B.r
"voces' had represented to her that sb.
would be taken prisoner before mdsDm.
mer's day.
On May "a she had thrown herself in,o
the defence of Compiegne, menaced by the
Burgundians. During the evening she ra,.
lied 500 of the troops to attempt sortic
They encountered vastly superior force
and attempted to withdraw to the city.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

name was jacques Dare and the rightfu
name of the new saint was Jeanetton Dare.
Her mother was unusually devout, even for
that early day. She had made pilgrimage
to Rome and was rigorous in her observance
of church customs.
1t was when Joan was about thirteen and
half years old, according to the best at
tested statements, that she became CON
scious of "hearipg supernatural voices"
From her own words it is assumed that she
believed these manifestations to be accom-
panied by blaze of light. She declared
she recognized the voices as those of ST.
Michael, st. Margaret ard st. Catherine.
To her confessor she said nothing about
these voices, and, at her trial, she refused
to testify further about the appearances to
her except to say: ~ them with these
very eyes, as we'll as l see you"
BY May, 1928 she had no doubts as to
the messages that were transmitted through
den to go to the assistance of the King.
She presented her plea to Robert Baudri-
court, who commanded the Kings armies in
the neighborng town of Vaucouleurss "The
Catholic Encyclopedia" has it that Baudri-
court rebuffed her with the statement,
"Take her home to her father and give her
a good whipping"
In the next few days the situation of the
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

ment, protracted medication for bodily all
ments and disease persistent taking of
patent medicines containing an appreciable
quantity of the drug, seeking relief from
alcoholic eXcesses, to association, environ
ment, gang influence and foolish curiosity
and last, but not least, to the interchange
of the drug in jais and prisons, where it is
INDUCED in furiously by felons in frenzied
attempt to overcome mental anguish.
The addicts are found in all walks of life
the rich and the poor; all professions and
business callings. The use of the drug by
the underworld" and criminal classes rem
ders more sinister their power and greatly
hampers their chances for reform.
OPIUM using and morphine taking seem
to be waning Cocaine, and particularly
heroln, are most in demand The hero
IN habit is growing at an appalling rate
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
By George S. Edgecombe

" T THETHER prohibition will or will
q "a not result in great increase
IN the use of habit forming
drugs is a question on which
even the experts in drug traffic do not agree
One of the arguments of those who believe
1t will not is that one of the causes of
drug using is the relief which it affords to
persons suffering from the effects of over
indulgence in alcohol. While the experts
are debating the outcome the public gener-
ally realizes, in an Indifferent way. that
drug addicts are increasing alarmingly every
year. II does not, however, realize that
New York state now has a new Narcotic
Drug law" which went into effect March !
and which most experts believe will cope
with the evil, present and future. better
than any statute heretofore enacted in anv
state of the Union.
Under this new law the Department Of
Narcotic Drug Control, headed BY Com
missioner Frank Richardson at A]hanv d.
Nloes the state into four administration dis
tricts. All persons or corporations hand
ling cocaine or opium or their derivatives
must register with this board The manu-
facturers and wholesalers, down through
'ne druggists and physicians, must file one
o. tripiicate order blanks, giving dates and
showing the amount of drugs purchased
prescribed or dispensed by them. Even den.
lists and hospitals arc included in the law
Violation Of the law is a misdemeanor and
one of' the penalties is the revocation Of
licenses. -
ne Federal Harrison law and the oripina,
Boyian state law, enacted in 1914. a1thonob
"heenaed TO curb the evil, had the unox-
pected effect Of causing physicians to 6obt
ahy Of treating drug addicts. The rosuIt
WAS that the traffic vas driven into ,ho
hands Of the underworld vendors an.;n
Sufferers besiegcd the various boan;ts,a a,l
poiicc station houses were crowded .,;.1
applicants for relief. This went on n,tI
1917, when the Whitney bill vent into oe.o,
The new law encouraged the treatfnen. NJ
sddicts by physicians This brought aho,t
an unexpected evil.
unprincipled physicians took adva,sas.
OF IT 10 dispense large quantities to arc.
peaters" in their Offices and thus reanod
uncomfortable profits. That abuse Of their
powers became 10 great that Federal au-
thorjties we're recently Obliged 10 act over
ths heads Of state aud municipal police 10
raid many establishments which were sell
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

clination to embrace the wrong, even though
contrary to the nature of the youth"
Justice Collins's experience in Special
Sessions shows that the heroin habit is the
most quickly acquired, and is now recruit
ing the largest share of addicts Yet heron
was unknown until few years ago, and on
its introduction it was claimed to be nom
habit forming drug. Many medical men have
declared that its manufacture could be dis
continued entirely without injury to their
practice.
All drug control experts recognize the
necessity of treatment of addicts by gradual
withdrawal. There is, however, no known
specific remedy for the cure of drug adeic-
ton. In fact, the whole medical profession
is at sea on the subject, so much so, that
Health Commissioner DR.. Royal S. Cope
land has just announced that the Health
Department of New York will conduct a re-
search into the subject among the patients
on North Brother Island. The cocaine user
is the more susceptible to treatment
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
To-day Acknowledged as a Saint
With Fitting EccIesias-
tical HOnOrs

behind the altar in the chapel of Ste. Cath
crime de Fierbois.
A sword was found as she had indicated.
At the same time it was decided that she
should have her own standard. This was
made for her with the words, Jesus,
Maria, . and with a picture, reported to be
of God the Father one of the very few ever
attempted. Kneeling before the image of
the Deity were figures of angels presenting
a fleur- de-ls.
On April %, 1925 a letter was written
by Sire de Rotslaer. This letter, now pre-
served in the original manuscript, says:
"She would save Orleans and would compel
the English to raise the siege; that she
herself in battle before Orleans would be
wounded by a shaft, but would not die Of it,
and that the King. in the course of the COM
ing summer. would be crowned at Rheims,
together with other things which the King
keeps secret"
Joans entrance into the field of military
operations was as audacous as her presen-
tation of herself to Baudricourt. She sum-
moned the King of England "to withdraw his
troops from French soil.Y This demand was
indignantly rejected, as of course she en-
pected it would be. Joan then effected her
own entrance to Orleans. Her mere pres
cnce heartened the soldiers in the be-
leaguered place. Nine days after her arri-
val, on May 8, all the forts encircling the
city had been captured and the siege raised.
On the preceding day Joan had been wound
ed by an arrow.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
Faced Death
Calmly

The commander at Compicgne, evidently
in panic as the noise of the fighting drew
nearer raised the drawbridgc Joan and
many of those with her in the sortie were
left outside. She was taken prisoner
Joan was held captive for many months.
No effort was made by the King to ex.
change or ransom her. In the mean time
she was a problem to her captors. They
could only cite her before an ecclesiastical
court for heresy. There was no military
ground upon which they could condemn her,
for she had merely beaten them.
Ultimately this was the fate she suffered
and there has been much written upon the
subject of her trial and its legality.
She faced her accusers fearlessly and re-
sisted all efforts to confuse her. On March
1 Joan stated that "within seven years
space the English would have to forfeit a
bigger prize than Orleans" Less than seven
years later Paris was lost to Henry VI.
Eventually she was sentenced to death,
but this sentence, after many appeals and
many efforts to involve others in its impo-
stion, was suspended. Then Joan was led
back to prison after being prepared FOR the
stake.
This so aroused the Burgundians and the
English that they laid new trap for her
and placed mems clothing in her way. She
adopted male attire again, this time as a
protection from her jailers, and was cited
as "relapsed hereto" She was tried on
May 21, 1431, and the sentence was carried
out the next day
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
Wins
Big Victory

She was not mortally hurt and was eager
to push her success, because, she insisted
she had been warned by her voices" that
she had only year to live.
The Dauphin and his advisers delayed
their offensive. But Joan persisted and en-
couraged the troops to many new successes
On June Is these preliminary engagements
eliminated in great victory at Patay. The
English forces, together with great rein
forcements under Sir John Fastolf, were
routed. This victory opened the path to
Rheims and to the fulflment of the proph-
ecy that the Dauphn should be crowned
Again all the energy and enthusiasm of
the Maid of Orleans were needed, for the
Kings advisers urged retirement before
Troyes, where sharp resistance was en-
countered Joan led the troops in an at
tack on the town and it fell Then she
compelled the advance to Rheims, where,
on July II, 1929, the Dauphin was formally
proclaimed King and where he received his
crown.
She shared the honors of the great cerc-
mony and stood beside the King. She in
sisted that her own standard be displayed
conspicuously, saying, "as it had shared the
toll it just that it should share in the
victory"
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
1T HingeS ON
The Physician

For the past two years the problem of
drug control has centred on the physi-
clans. Justice Cornelius F. Collins, of Spe-
clal Sessions, chairman of the consolidated
committee on the drug evil however, is
authority for the statement that not more
than 100 physicians, out of several thou
sand IN greater New York, have been Gun
considerable" violators of the law.
The details of how the new law enables
the Department of Narcotic Drug Control
to keep tabs on given quantity of opium,
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
What the
Courts Know

We men of the COURTS" says Justice Col
Inns, "know the horrible examples. We see
young men almost destroyed, absolute shad-
ows OF their former selves, with will, mem
ory and understanding impaired, the pale
youth described by Edwin Markham in
1renzied fancy, their 'phantoms that fling
Wild laughter and wild tears into the crater
of the wasted years. with no normal sense
OF right or wrong, with a pronounced in
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
PeriIS After
A Cure

Temporary cure of all narcotic addicts Is
not so difficult. 1t is the exercise of the
free will of the patient after he is dis
charged that cannot be controlled. A period
of convalescence and recuperation is abso
lutely necessary. Plenty of fresh sir and
proper physical exercise while the patient
is under careful surveillance are most DE-
sirable. The Warwick and Harris 1san0
farms are to be thrown open soon for thi'
purpose.
1t is generally agreed that no permanent
or adequate relief from the growing drus
evil will be had until the attempt AT inte'
national control, interrupted by the war IL
1914, is resumed Conditions in the PniF
ippines in 1909 compelled the United STATES
to take the initiative in this internatlohs'
consideration of the evil. Shutting OH oi
the opium traffic with China served only "
stimulate the morphine and cocaine ous'
ness, with n consequent loss of SiVo'VVV'
600 aggregate annual opium revenue 10 tn'
great nations which had voluntarily sa'if
feed the traffic only to see their saple.'
pressing two other deadly drugs into '''s
hands of the Far Eastern people VINO hss
hcroically determined to abandon w
opium vice." 81
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

great increase in drug addicts is the war.
Morphine and, in many cases, heroin have
been largely used in surgical cases where
soldiers have been gassed. 1t is feared that
sufficient quantities have been absorbed in
this manner to form habits among many of
the returning troops. The War Department
is trying to guard against this by careful
medical examination at discharge of troops,
and embryo addicts will be treated in gov
ernment HOSPITALS
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
Burned
Al Stake

To-day's ceremony will again focus the
attention of the world upon this peasant
girl who shaped the course of history.
The part she played in the destines of
France; the legend that has grown about
her person; the years of controversy over
the steps in the canonization, have made
the memory of the Maid of Orleans one of
the high lights of history. In the minds
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
XX T1THIN few weeks Paris has wit
NN messed two sensational trials for
acts Of political terrorism. In

acts Of political terrorism. In
the one case Cottin the crazy
young anarchist who attempted to kill
Clemenceau, the "grand young man" of
France, was sentenced to death by court
martial. In the other Raoul Villain, the
slayer Of Jean Jaures, leader of French So
cialists and anti militarists, was acquitted
by jury after trial which lasted only
five days.
The acquittal of Villain leads US back into
the last days of July, 1914, when humanity
watched in breathless suspense for the fall
of the blow destined to shake the whole
world in its foundations. Nothing shows
more clearly the terrible tension of those
days than the fact, testified to by contem-
porary newspapers, that the assassination of
Jaurcs in ordinary times a first rate world
sensation, was passed over almost unnoticed
1t was completely ovcrshadowcd by the news
of ultimatums, declarations Of war and ri.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
Used an
Ancient Sword

Upon being permitted to return to Chi
non Joan made immediate preparations for
the campaign. She was proffercd a sword
by the Dauphin, but she declined it, saying
an ancient sword would be found buried
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

and strikes particularly at the youth of
America. Between the ages of seventeen
and twenty-five there are so many heroin
users that the average age of its victims
is easily set at twenty years
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
The Spectre of the Drug Habit. and How to-

ing to long lines of supposed addicts in
waiting, who in turn were selling the drug
TO soldiers, who carried it right into .he
military cantonments themselves.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
The Number
Of AddiCfS

The number of addicts in New York C;tv
has been conservatively estimated by JUS
tlce Collins at per cent of the population,
or about 100000. Causes of acquired habits
are mainly these: Extensive surgical treat
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06
Wounded
I'm Thigh

Joan here felt that her mission had been
accomplished in the main and sought to
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

Dauphn, aftcrvard Charles VII, became
more desperate. Orleans was invested, and
it seemed as if the King must face COM
plete defeat
New-York tribune., 1919-04-06

w THETHER prohibition will or will
q "a not result in a great increase
y Y in the use of habit forming
drugs is a nuestinn On ,uhich
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1919-02-27
Rhine REPUBLIC
MAY Be FORMED
Foe May Lose Land on Left
Bank Of River,
upy Universal scrylcc)

LYONS, France. Feb 27-The es.
tlbll,hmcut OF 4 new Rhenish rcpub.
lie became a strong probability yes
icrday a, the result Of conferences
among the leaders Of the big ten"
The French all along have been OPP
posed 10 permitting Germany TO keep
territory on the lett bank OF the Rhine
The first proposal was that this ter
ri,ory should he permanently annexed
To France. The other allies took the
position that I'M, would he impossible
without creating another problem
similar to ,ha, Of Alsace Lorraine,
The next suggestion was that this
territory should be organized into a
separate state controlled by the league
ut nations.
The present proposal, which seems
TO meet with general favor IS that a
Rhenlsh republic be organized into a
separate state controlled by the league
oi nations until such time As Germany
shall have paid al allied claims
against her in full and then be per
mii,ed to exercise the right oi self
determination
II the republic vi hes TO reioin Ger
many there will be nu objection.
France has con cu'cl tp this Solu-
ton therefore It 3, most likely TO be
adopted by the conference.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1919-02-27
Bless His Heart

We're fond of him. ard In our breast
We know he'll stand the test,
For he's a man who ia liked best
by those who know him best.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1919-02-27
NO SYMPATHY GIVEN
BOYS IN "SCh00L"
(Contlnued from Page ~

dressing room next each dormi,ory
contain nothing but a few tcar-s,ained
letters
Where /, the clothing" asked
Gosom
"Thry keep their clothing in these
lockers at night" WAS his reply
\ merit system lnauRu.alcd by A..
X. GoGom gives each boy 800 de-
merit, when he enters. Then the race
begins Some win over the handi-
cap. Other, drop deep and deeper
into the dcmcrit system. One little
lad waiting table for the employees
had 500 dement's, or thirty months
extra time. chalkcd against him once.
Ii he attempts - make his escape
many time, more, he will become a
'h.cr." II dement's talk.
Skim milk is gwen the children
fresh milk to employees as nearly as
| could ascertain. No meat is served
the children who comprise the work
ing force OF the entire institution
even to the wood chopners' SQUAD