davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
WILDE's PREVIOUS DEFEAT.

New York. Jan. when Pal
Moore. Of Memphis. defeated Jimmy
Wide, the pride OF the Britons. IN
the kings trophy tournament il was
the first time that the Welshman had
suffered g setback in the ring since
fancy Lee. the English boxer. out
pointed him in q i round contest In
London. January %, 1915. After that
defeat Wilde won all his battles
fought that year-ciEht- Two Of the
contests were knockout victories.
Wide landing the winning blows Of
each battle IN the second round. In
1916 Wilde took part in 13 contests
and was not defeated once. In half
a dozen OF these fights he knocked
out his opponents. Wilde is five
feet two and a half inches tall and
weighs about 102 pounds ringside.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
lIURPHY,s sCHEME.

New York, Jan. Charles Webb
Murphy. who became rich as the OWL
er OF the champion Cubs under Frank
Chance, has a scheme for new
league in the west He would include
Chicago. playing games at his West
Side park which is now without a
tenant. Milwaukee, Kansas City. IN
dianapolis, Columbus, Louisville, To-
ronto and Buffalo. Murphy remem-
bers how the American league was
started and perhaps he figures that
he might expand the circuit, which
he has in mind, In the same way. But
Murphy's proposed league would have
10 be an outlaw" as consent for the
invasion OF Chicago could not be OBJ
tairce from the owners Of the Cubs
and White SOC
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
HEX CHAMPIONS
Of THE WORLD
GET MEDALS
Athletic Carnival and Pet
Stock Exhibition Gets
Good Start.
WRESTLING ISSUE
SWEEPING DEFIS

NTlEH the " gym crowded 20 ca
" pacilv the y. II c. y athieti,
carnival started today in a way prom
isiIE 10 eclipse all Ike affairs il his
tory ~ the association. The athletes
displayed more than ordinary pep"
two sweeping Challenges being made
By crack -I- rrestlers- Sailor Flan-
uagan offers TO meet any wrestler in
the weird in a finish match.
"PeweZT Cord0va- the Battling
Pepper announces that he stands
ready 20 meet al corners a. los
pounds
worlds Champions.
one OF the big events Of the after
noon IS tne presentation OF medals 70
The members Of the FL Paso Junior
Eexathlou team, champions Of the
uurld for 1918, and 10 members Of the
senior team second place in the world
contest and champions OF North
america for lis Dr. J. A. Rawlings
VII present the medals 70 the victori-
1rs Hex athletes
F. I.ncurrn- no points. f. inter
national worlds individual cham
pson q the 06-1f0 pound class. ID.
Bryan Is points, Is International
worlds champion Of the 1II-I25
pauud class
The evening program promises 20 be
equally as interesting as this after
Moons
Members Of the boys department to
whom HeEarhlon medals viii be pre-
senrcd this afternoon
Weight 5r-s0-F " Lassiter. A.
l-arch, J. SOFTEN C. Plum. G. Priest.
j. Bourlaud. E Stevens. ". Howe. ".
1loeIier. r kircher. j. Hambleton, J.
Cooley 3 Bulke, " Cummings
Weight SLEW Lassiter. v Har-
low. J. O. Holfori. II Thlig. c. Greene.
p. Moore. H 1lcGinnis. I Cordova. y.
Earmsworth. r Stewart
WeiEht. ss-11e-F- Lacarra- B. Ed
wards. A. Uhlig. G. Cross. F. owen. +.
Mhit0ck- r. Taller, J. Ssegal. !.
Leers- " Gibson
Weight. 111-1z5-D. Bryan. p Scot
ten, H Henuing. l. Countz, Z. Kun
ter. G SandoTaL y Edwards. P Har-
per. 2 Pruitt
Unlimited over 125, under IS years
Of aEe-1L Pousford. W Reynolds. ".
laules- " Dawson, II. Webb. J.. Cor
dove. s Middleton, c. Nagruder. G. I
SelEgman-
Members Of the senior department
10 whom HeEarhlon medals Will be Z
presented on NeW Years night.
L Nichols p Mayer II. SilberEs /
y Gilbert C. Nichols. G. White, r. 4
Hem. s Darbyshire. P TiEhe. A.
sie1L J. Hunter, p. Stevens. r Gilbert. {
= Garcia. P Gilbert R. Crutcher. ". 4
schultz, C. strong, G. fRunyan. o. 4
lthe inhsimer, A. Angeles. r Carson. r. 4
Fattild. " Sanford, A. FahrenWald I
?. Hobein, P Coriugton-
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
8 FEAT.
PUTS CRINP IN
TILDENCLiIM
Swamped Tilden With But
Scant Training; Cham
pion Unpretentious.
NO EFFORT FOR
TOURNEY RECORD

3 THE impression prevails in tennis
d. 1 circles that when the ranking COM
mittse Of the United States National
Lawn Tennis association announces
its selections for the first ten players
Of the year the name OF Robert Lind
ley Murray. the Niagara Falls chem
ist. wiz head the list.
The discussion Of the relative play
ing merits Of the years national
champion and william T. Tflden. Of
Philadelphia, has waxed hot during
the last few weeks. and It has all
boiled down 10 the admitted fact that
on the day % the finals section Of the
national singles Murray outclassed his
younger rival
Il Is admitted, too, that on that
day no player in the realm of the
sport WAS capable OF coping with
the game that the former CaIifOr-
nlnH hurled At Tilden.
Tilden, it must be admitted, showed
a brilliant tournament record
throughout the year His only defeat
was in the national singles. in which
he faced Murray. Had Tilden on that
occasion forced the champion 10 q
long match his claim for the ranking
position would. in spite OF the prece-
dent OF giving No. 1 position TO the
national singles champion, have been
entitled 70 most serious discussion
The very fact that Murray
EmOfhered the young Quaker in
Jig time-OutclasSIng him in every
department Of the Eame-Fhen
7iiden was supposed 10 be ut the
zenith OF his form. puts a big
crimp in the hope Of those who
would see Tilden rated rs the hest
tennis man OF 1915.
It is recognized that the sole factor
that prevented Murray from achiev-
ing a 1918 tournament record fully
as brilliant as that Of Tilden was the
national champions Discrimination to
play the game while most-of the rank /
ing players were away al war. Muir I
ray felt early in the season that he I
did not want TO compete for high hon 4
ors in the game while its best men 1
were fighting in France.
il will be remembered that MUIR
ray had very scanf training TO
meet TildeE- Had he been in con-
dition from repeated matches. rs
Tilden was his victory must have
been even more marked
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01

weight Within reasonable bounds
usage has standardized; the precise
weight for the individual is deter
mined by the strength Of his wrists.
Individual Clubs.
Then there is the point OF balance.
More or less it Is all a matter Of good
or bad workmanship on the part Of
the club maker The shaft may be
too heavy for the head. or vice versa
when 4 perfect combination is secured
the player feels that what may be
called the center Of gravity is in the
head alone In other words. the shaft
does not obtrude itself as being the
principal part OF the club In the per-
feet weapon-allowinE, OF course, for
the fact that even IN golf what is one
mans meat is an0ther's poison-there
are also the points OF length or shaft.
model Of head. and lie, to suit STYLE
Of standin=-
Practice Is Key.
While Il is not difficult to theorize
about putting in general the crucial
point lies in dexterity OF execution.
one may be choke full OF textbook
formula, yet never rise 10 the occasion
when necessary. Here, as IN all other
sports, the one and only royal road to
proficiency Is intelligent practice, and
the first element is 20 learn to strike
lhe BAH fairly and truly.
There T. also the follow
through hut II the player has
made up his mind and acts on the
principle Of striking the hall fair
y, he attains follOw-through rs
n matter OF course. The next i'm
portant confederation relates TO
the functions Of the eye. sfKeep
your eye on the ball" seems sim
pie enough in theory. hut IL Il
more difficult than most people
suppose.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01

defeated Kid Lavigne. Kid Broad
Marty McCues Joe Handler zad other
good lads. and looked Ike a comfnE
champion until he went Up agaiusr
the deadly punch OF Dial Hawkins. Dai
wasn't champ n, having nothing
much but a terrific punch. but when
ne got over that Wallop q vas the
end OF his opponents This defeat put
Sweeney of his stride. and shortly
afterward the Hlbernien fen 4 victim
70 George NcEaddsu- Patsy continued
fighting for several years. but after
the Hawkins fight he was never ssri-
ously considered as a title contender.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01

Chicago, Ill, Jan Jimmy Archer.
once the Cubs star catcher. has re-
tired from baseball He was a mem
Der Of the Brooklyns. Pirates and Gin
cinnati Reds last season. and at times
he displayed flashes OF his old skill
But Archer's permanently crippled
right hand interfered with his throw
ing so that he was used only IN emer-
gencies- Archer might secure a posi-
ton as coach but he says that he pre-
ters 20 go into business Thus the
national game loses one OF the great
est ball players that ever put on a
mask.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
Pirates May Train
Right at Home

President Barney Dreyfuss is quoted
as saying that II the season does not
start until Nay ] the Pirates viii do
their training at home. He is the
only National league magnate so far
10 so declare himself, but il is ex-
pected others viii fall into line. The
chicago Cubs still talk Of going 10
California, but they are not likely TO
make the trip unless they can get
some American league team 10 20
with them. and right now no club in
the American seems enthusiastic
about the Chicago idea.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
SPORTOGRAPHY B. -cza52.

7 IEUT. LEON GALORE, the Robins
Il pitcher, who has made an excellent
record in the army and who rose from
the ranks with amazing rapidity. has
been through the hardest kind OF
fighting He commands 4 platoon in
a regiment OF the ed division. 4 col
ored unit, and from September 10 TO
November II. the day the armistics
was signed. his men were engaged
in the St Die sector in the sGeuse-
Argonne district The day before the
signing OF the armistics. his regiment
captured the Bois Frehant IN the face
Of terrific machine gun fire. and cap
tured more than 1000 Germans in the
course OF the operation
Jimmy Archer, once the Cubs. star
catcher, has retired from baseball He
was q member OF the Broollyns. Pi-
rates and Cincinnati Reds last season.
and at times displayed flashes OF his
old skin But Archer's permanently
crippled right hand intsrfered with
his throwing, so that he was used only
IN emSrgeucies. Archer could secure
position as q coach, but Il is under
stood that he prefers 70 enter busi-
ness With his going the national
pastine loses one OF the greatest play
ers who ever put on mask
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
KEN WILLIAMS DISCHARGED,
READY FOR SPRING OPENTV

Kenneth Williams. outfielder OF the
= Louis Browns, recently discharged
from Jefferson barracks. where he
spent six months in uniform, has gone
TO his home in oregon to remain until
the baseball call comes in the spring.
Though he enlisted In the army iast
May, Williams was not fortunate
enough 10 draw an assignment for
overseas duty.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01

To make the retirement list com
plete, Frank Baker has made his an
nual winter announcement that he Is
absolutely and positively done playing
ball It would be 4 drear and feature
less winter when Baker cid not retire,
Baker having said L, manager Miller
Higgins OF the New York Yankees
VIII arrange plans accordingly.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
CLY5IER no SEEK NEW cum.

Reports that Bill Clymer will not
return to Louisville as manager are
generally accepted as true, whether
the club Is sold or not Bill for some
raeson or other, rather wore out his
welcome in Louisville last season. It
IS reported that Clymer is negotiating
for the managerial end Of a western
team o. note.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01

THE young lady across the way says
1 she saw in the paper that the Ger
mans had surrendered their 16-inch
guns to the Americans and she hopes
they'll have to give up some Of the
longer ones too as she doesn't quite
trust them yet.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01

ton. 1; Gardner. ;; Cionaner /; Wolf.
Officials: Referee. CobIents: Nate
COrdova, score keeper: Vic Heymaa,
timekeeper.
gym the Ramblers viii meet the team
Of Ambulance company No 10, OF Fort
Bliss
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01

Pasadena. Calif. Jan. Weather
as nearly ideal FOR football as this
climate affords was In prospect this
morning for the meeting here today
when teams representing the Mare Is
land Marines and the Great Lakes
Naval Station.
Many followers OF football look up
on this game as deciding the national
service championship. inasmuch as
both teams survived exceedingly hard
seasons without a defeat
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
ii rfE F1sTIo GAVE was young


donn Leecnmans contemporary Of
Ben Caunt and other famous o.
timers IN the ring. was born los year.
$50 today. This gladiator OF the BARI
hnuckie days was known 10 fame a.
'Brassey." a nickname which he
gained In his pugnacious youth be-
cause OF his employment IN a brass
foundry. and which stuck 10 him
through life Brassey was born n
Bradford. England. and worked as a
blacksulilh's apprentice before he en-
tered the brass foundry He was al
ways ready for a fight. and was only
Z IS when he made his first appearances
I IN the ring against a lad named Hart
I ley Brassey was victorious and got
SO for his efforts That looked like
I easy money to him, and he soon
sought another match, whipping Ned
0 Patterson and earning SIC. This bat
I tie lasted q rounds Can you picture
a third rater today standing Up for
I q rounds and taking punches for the
large sum % is bones. Leechman
got sz5 Tor whipping George Ireson I'm
his next engagement. and this was
raised 70 $50 when he whipped Jem
Bailey The next year he got 500
for beating Tom Scrutton-
II was in 1856 that Brassey engaged
in his first really important battle.
which was with the clever Bendigo.
afterward champion OF England. Thls
bout was staged at Sheffield. Leech-
man was still working at the foundry
between bouts and his toll kept his
muscles hard as iron. Both men were
IDEAL in appearance Bendigo was the
older and more experienced fighter.
however, and celebrated for his cIev-
erness, and he had little trouble In
avoiding the rushes and Pile driver
blows or Brassey. After g rounds
ri E1r-ra-
unbelievable amount OF punishment.
he became enragcd and butted BEN
digo with his head This deliberate
foul gave Bendigo the victory.
In 1883 Brassey redeemed himself
Dy ueteating Young Langan. the IA
nous Irish fighter. in a p round bat
ne. Ihts was notable performances
ana u laVe Brassey the right TO chai-
fense Ben Caunt for the CHAMPION
ship The great battle was STAGED n
newmarket during the races, and at
lracted the arlstocracy from an over
england Caunt had much the advan-
tage in height and weight. ana vas
laYorlte az first, but Brassey gave
slch good account OF himself that
ne uee turned IN HIS favor At the
end OF 100 rounds. however. Brassev .
was unable TO rise. and Caunt. al 4
though he was even more battered .
was awarded the victory. That was
f,raSseys last try at the CHAMPION
snip. which he lost By so narrow a .
margin lie quit the ring after this
battle and was never heard OF again. 4
=
hAWkINs-SWEENE BATTLE.
On this date 70 years ago DaI Hav--
Alns Knocked out Patsy Sweeney in
ne second round at Hartford Patsy /
was County Galway bow who had n
oeen lighting for over three years \
and had never been whipped. He mad 4
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
pETRoIF Clue SLOW.

Detroit, It seems. also negotiated
for pitcher Hubert Leonard. but con
sidered the price demanded by Boston
out Of all reason.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
BIG bouts Ar sTUpoRIus.

- BIG BOUTS AT sTUDORIUM. Z
At ? o'clock New Years after z
- noon the battlers for the stud 4
. orium card went into action q
. with a big advance sale OF {
. tickets and a heavy gate. The {
= card;
. Fred R. Wedge rs. Tommy I
. the Mexican border is proved {
- BERTHE Coxhill VS. Tommy q
= Carter. 5 rounds. q
= Silent SontaE vs. Artie Le- q
. Febvre, 6 rounds. G
= Red Margoilis VS.. Jack Ar Z
. mold, 6 rounds.
9 John Condour rs Battling q
. Johnson, 1 rounds. q
800 $500 -
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01

Limited Tine For Dueks
me time IN which you can hunt
Ducks IS now limited. You czn ac-
complish most II we supply the guns
and ammunition
We carry a fuu line OF Hunting
Goats, Cartridge Belts. yTading Boots
and other Hunters Accessories
Feldmaa's-5cs san Antonio Street.
advertisement
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01
T0UNG DUNDEE MANS

- IoLAG DUNDEE MEANS =
. TO HAVE = BOUT HERE =
= Ln1t Young Dundee is sincere =
- lr EeeEing bout with Nick .
- Candy Tor the championship OF =
= the Mexican border Is provdd .
= b. The fact that Dundee ar .
= rived IN II Plso today from .
= camp Travis. IN company with .
= bis manager c Il Johnson. and q,
- declares that he viii camp on =
= Nick GundT's trail until he gets =,
- a bout I think am entitled .,
- 20 the teatherWeiEh title OF the =
- BORDER ~ my defeat Of Jack .
= Arnold and an here 70 defend .
= tnc tire we intend to stay .
= right Dr. the neighborhood until =,
= this title question Is settled" ..
- stated Mr. johnson. and Dun .
y dee DE- Wiling 10 take on any -
= boxer here at his weight. ~ .
= pounds IN fact ne IS willing =
- 10 give few pounds" When .
- called 81 his residence on Mon .
- tana street this morning. Nick =
= GundT said I'm ready. Get =
= the purse time and place and .
= ring the gong .
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01

Gallup Lump Coal; dry wood and
kindling- Phi. 1Ss.-Adv.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01

Curtiss & Co. buy Liberty Bonds
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-01-01

', "A - ~. " isf--N hih BAETLE.
On this date 19 years ago Dal Hav~-
klns knocked out Patsy Sweeney In
the second round at Hartford. PATSY
was County Galway boy who had
been fighting for over three wears
ana had never been whipped He had
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-29
SANTA FE NOTES

Notes and personals from Santa Fe
by Mrs. Charles Laird. Phone Blue
1870.
Mr. H. A. CIausson, chief clerk in the
mechanical engineering department, motive
power building. with Mrs. Clausson and
son Arthur, are spending a two weeks
vacation in Missouri.
Mrs. John Thomas has gone to Pittsburg,
Kan, to visit her daughter, Mrs. Kate
Poland, for a few days
1t is said that fortunes and misfortunes
go by -threes-" This proved true Thurs
day in the case of fires in and around the
shops, three small blazes being extinguish-
ed by the fire department during the day.
Miss Blanche Botham has returned to
her work in the statistical department af-
ter spending two weeks vacation in Ida.
no Falls, Idaho.
Mr.. and Mrs. L. F. Luthey and Mr.. Carl
Luthey are camping this week at Waka-
rusa.
The small son of Mr.. and Mrs Harry
krusor is dangerously Ill at the home Of
his parents, Mrs. Krusor, who has been
Ill. is improving slowly.
Miss Lottie Fehl, of the stationery de-
partment and Miss Marguerite Glenn have
gone to Battle Greek. Mich. where they
will visit Mr.. and Mrs. Victor Rausch.
Engineer +. o. Whitcomb who has been
III at his home. Madison street, for a month
remains about the same.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-29


Mr.. and Mrs. Lloyd Moor, of Kansas City,
who have been visiting Mr. and Mrs. J. E.
BuIgett, have returned home.
Mrs. Helen Hyde, Branner street, is
visiting relatives in Kansas City.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sam Cremer will return
today from Oklahoma, where they have
been visiting.
Mrs. Charles Mans, Of Auburn, who has
been i'll at Stormont hospital, is improving
and will be taken to the home Of her
mother, Mrs. William Rhodes, Lake street
in a few days.
Sixth and Chandler streets has become
the sector Of heavy fighting lately. Any
one looking for trouble has been able to
find it at this corner, the past few weeks.
Thursday evening a free for all" started
and It threatened for time to be quite a
serious affair until officers arrived. Knives
and guns were used as weapons. 1t is
said Il you have a crouch. go to Sixth and
Chandler and have it taken out Of you.
The Rev. and Mrs. E. W. Harrison and
son, Ned, are spending few days near
Kansas City visiting relatives.
Mrs. A r. Anderson and children. from
Canadian, Tex, are visiting Mrs. William
Taylor.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-29
FOR SALE-FARMS
A BARGAIN

OWING to poor health will offer my choice
farm and stock ranch for sale. big bar
gain for the right man. Located at Della
kan, p miles from Topeka on the U. p
This farm Is well supplied with barns
horse barn for 40 head; cattle barn that --il
hold 800 tons of loose hay with cement
drive ell around. This land will all grow
fine alfalfa. Is well watered by creek and
wells. Within two miles of high schoo'
and churches. About 200 a. Of very riel
creek bottom that does not overflow. VII
price this land for a. short time at $175 pei
acre ! will pc at the farm for a short time
If interested would be glad TO have you
call.
Three dwelling houses. Can give posses
sion of one at any time; also barn room.
n. J. FULLER.
Della, Kansas.
EOS ACRES miles south of Country club
on Burlingame road $50 per acre. terms
to suit purchaser. S. f. Hughes. Bank OF
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-29
North Side Meus

- Items for this column may be left
A. Petro,s drug store or telephone
Eleanor Klm5all. 1881 after ,. m.
Other hours $3.50.
Z. r. Hayes has bought the 6O-foot
front in the 600 block on Kansas ave-
que, between the Patsy Mulligan and
Ed Timon buildings. and will put up
a building for the C. Fl. Dyal Co.
Mr.. Hayes has also bought the prop
orty at COL and sos Kansas avenue.
now occupied by the Dyal company
and the Rooster grocery. While await
ing the completion of his new build
ing on this site, Mr.. Hayes will move
from his present location, 524-26 kan
sas avenue, across the street into
three buildings which he is having
improved. One of these buildings is
already owned by Mr.. Hayes, and the
ether two he has leased.
The property just north of the
Sooster grocery store has also been
Ourchased by Mr.. Hayes and will be
occupied by the Booster grocery.
A dog fight caused considerable ex-
element in the Shawnee State bank
TINS morning, between a French bull
owned by +. p. Elmore and a shep-
nerd dog that followed a customer in
fthe bank. The bull dog resented the
presence of the shepherd dog and the
Ilsnt resulted. The dogs had things
thelr own way for time, but were
finally cornered in the vault, and SEN
arated. The strange dog seemed glad
TO leave, while Mr.. Elmore's dog
walked about the bank, wfgwaginR
his pride in his conquest
Inc grocery stores will be closed all
day Monday, so the housewives must
Duy extra supplies tomorrow.
Notes and Personals.
Robert NJ. Myers, former ernploye
or the Union Pacific as yard clerk,
left for Ogden, Utah. Wednesday eve
UtnS.
Victor council No. 4, K. and L. OF S.
held meeting at their han last eve
ming instead of picnicking at Gage
park as planned Refreshments were
served and a good time enjoyed by
those present.
Mrs. ]. L. Houle of FL Reno, Okla,
is visiting at the home of Mr. and
Mrs. Frank Deppe.
John Rudolf Of 203 Elliott street
has bought four houses on the Union
Pacific right of way Bids for the
property were advertised for some
ago and the time expired last week.
Postmaster w o. Rigby has ap-