The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-02-15

other members of the league which hereby undertakes immediately to sub ject it to the severance of all trade or financial relations, the prohibition of all intercourse between their na- tionals and the nationals of the coVenant-breaking state, and the pre- Vention of all financial, commercial or personal intercourse between these na- tionals of the covenant-breaking state and the nationals of any other state. whether member of the league or not. It shall be the duty of the executive council in such case to recommend what effective military or naval force the members of the league shall severally contribute to the armed forces to be used to protect the covenants of the league.
 The high contracting parties agree, further, that they will mutually support one another in the financial and economic measures which may be taken under this article, in order to minimize the loss and inconveniences resulting from the above measures. and that they will mu- tually support one another in resisting all special measures aimed at one of their number by the covenant-breakng state, and that they will afford passage through their territory to the forces of any of the high contracting parties who are co operating to protect the covenants Of the league.
 ARTICLE XVII.
 In the event of disputes between one state member of the league, and another state, which is not member of the league, or between states not members of the league, the high contracting par ties agree that the state or states not members 'of the league shall be invited to accept the obligations of membership in the league for the purposes of such dispute upon such conditions as the exc cutve council may deem just and upon acceptance of any such invitation the above provisions shall be applied with such notifications as may be deemed necessary by the league.
 Upon such invitation being given the executive council shall immediately in stitute an inquiry into the circumstances and merits of the dispute and recommend such action as may seem best and most effectual in the circumstances.
 In the event of power so invited refusing to accept the obligations of membership in the league for the purposes of the league, which in the case of a state member of the league would con- stitute a breach of Article XII, the pro- visions of Article XVI shall be applica- ble as against the state taking such action.
 If both parties to the dispute whe.i so invited refuse to accept the obliga- tions of membership in the league 10; the purpose of such dispute the executive council may take such action and make such recommendations as will prevent hostilties and will result in the settle ment of the dispute.
 ARTICLE XVIII
 The high contracting parties agree that the league shall be entrusted with gen. eral supervision of the trade in arms and ammunition with the countries in which the control of this traffic is necessary in the common interest.
 ARTICLE XIX
 To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the states which formerly governed them and which are inha abited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves un Ter the strenuous conditions of the modern world there should be applied the prin- ciple that the we'll being and develop ment of such peoples formed a sacred trust of civilization and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in the constitution of the league.
 The best method of giving practical ef feet to this principle is that the tutelasa of such peoples should be entrusted to ad- vanced nations, who by reason of their resources, their experience, their geo graphical position. can best honor this responsibility and that this tutelage should be exercised by them as manda- tories on behalf of the league.
 The character of the mandate must differ according to the state of the de- velopment of the people: the geogra phical situation of the territory: it's economic conditions and other similar crcum- stances.
 Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish empire have reached a stage of development which their exist ence as independent nations can be pro- vsonally recognized subject to the rem dering of administrative advice and as sistance by a mandatory power until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the mandatory power
 Other peoples especially those of Cen tral Africa, are at such a stage that the mandatory must be responsible for the administration of the territory subject to conditions which will guarantee free dom of conscience or religion, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses such as the slave trade, the arms traffic and the liquor traffic, and the proven tion of the establishment of fortifica- . tons or military and naval bases and of military training of the natives for other than police purposes, and the de- fence of territory and will also secure equal opportunities for the trade and commerce of other members of the league
 There are territories, such as southwest Africa and certain of the south Pacific Isles which owing to the sparseness of their population or their small size, or their remoteness from the centers of civilization, or the geographical contin- uity to the mandatory states, and other circumstances, can be best administered under the laws of the mandatory state, as integral portions thereof. subject to the safeguards above mentioned in the ir terests of the indigenous population.
 In every case of mandate, the man. datory state shall render to the league an annual report in reference to the territory committed to it's charge.
 "The degree of Authority, control or administration to be exercised by the mandatory state shall, if not previously agreed upon by the high contracting parties in each case, be explicitly de- fined by the executive council in a special act or charter.
 "The high contracting parties fu.- ther agree to establish at the seat of the league a mandatory commission to receive and examine the annual reports of the mandatory powers and to assist the, league n'ensuring the observance of the terms of all nations.