davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02
showing y lie Krp
Lifting of Censorship Publication Maps Showing Where
Landed and Hits Scored by Big Bertannocent Civilians Killed

eight persons were killed and sixty
eight injured. all but a few OF them in
the church. the heavy roof Of which
fell on them.
The next worst day was August 5.
when thirteen shells exploded in Paris
and four in the suburbs, killing thirty
two and wounding siXty-one. How the
hits we're scattered may be seen from
the list for that day: Boulevard St.
German, gare des Invalidcs, avenue
Marceau, rues Croix -nivert. Bassano,
du Jura. Darcet, Berget, de Vanguard,
Blounard des Invalides. avenue de la
Muctte, de la Grande -Armes. caserne
Duplex, and in the suburbs of Nauves,
Montrouge. Aubervilliers and Clichy.
The first bombs were dropped on
Paris at about o'clock in the morn
ing of August 80. 1914. Five bombs
in all were dropped. The first smashed
a sidewalk in the Rue des Vinaigriers
and caused an explosion OF a gas main.
The next day two bombs were dropped,
OF which one fell in the garden of
Nert-Galant. September 1 the raiders
penetrated to the boulevard quarters.
Then aviators continued to fly over
head on succeeding days, dropping not
bombs but tracts and propaganda
telling of the Imminent" entry Of the
Germans into Paris. Bombs wers
dropped again September p, Octo-
Der 8. IL and II. and then on May II
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

and 20, 1915. Then a long period OF
respite. The box score. SO to speak.
was ten raids. fifty-eight projectiles
dropped. eleven killed, fifty injured.
No fires were caused.
The first Zeppelins appeared March
21. 1915. 1t was Sunday, at o'clock
In the morning. Two dirigibles made
semi-turn around the capital. Two
others flew over the northwest and
north of Paris. dropping six incendlary
bombs on the Batignolles. which pro-
duccd two or three little fires easily
extinguished. The material damage
was small. Ten persons were hurt
The second and last Zeppelin raid oc
CURED on Saturday. January 20. 1916
at about 10 o'clock at night. Seven
teen bombs fell in the crowded quarter
" Belleville; the Rue de Menilmontant
llone received six; the roof of the
Metro subway was pierced in the
Boulevard de Belleville. windows were
broken In number of houses Twenty
six persons, Of whom n large proper
ton were children, were killed and
twenty eight were injured.
Thus ended the visits of the Taubes
and the Zeppelins. The first Gothas
Improved bombing airplanes) ap-
pcared on the night of January 30-31.
1918. Their first raid was the most
terrible Of all the air raids. Every
quarter of Paris felt their bombs. The
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

pose was to divide the charge and thus
provide against a premature explosion.
The technical experts have discarded
the hypothesis that the shell was filled
with an explosive formed by two
liquids. separated by the partition. be-
cause 1t has been ascertained that the
shell had two fuses, one in the base
and one in the diaphragm.
The bombs used by the air raiders
have been described often enough. The
most ingenious thing about them was
sort OF fan or propeller, which re-
volved as the bomb fell through the
air, and could be set to explode the
bomb with remarkable accuracy. The
AVIATOR set 1t according to his altitude.
so that II would let go its charge close
to the ground. In other words this
type OF bomb did not depend upon
contact for detonation, but scattered a
sheaf OF splinters parallel with the
street surface and eight or ten feet
above It.
London OF course was never bonn
barded by cannon. Last spring, with
Long Bertha" regularly Smelling Paris
and with the northerly thrust OF the
great German drive menacing the
Channel ports, the enemy boosted that
sisters of Long Bertha" would soon
| be at work on the British capital from
the coast Of France. This seemed
practicable.
The range at which the freak guns
shelled Paris, according to the best re-
ports, was a trifie within seventy
miles. Whether It was their extreme
range or not, artillery engineers agreed
that nothing was TO prevent tho build
| Ing on the same principle of guns
which would carry still further. The
shortest air line from France to the
heart of London is, roughly, seventy
| Ave miles. From seacoast ground
which the Germans then held it is not
much more than 100.
How far German preparations for
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

the shelling of London went has not
been disclosed. The building OF such a
gun takes considerable time, and
within three months German hands
were abundantly full OF other and
more urgent business.
All the DAMAGE to London was done
by Zeppelin and airplane raiders drop
ping bombs. The Zeppel!ns as raiders
began pretentiously in 1915 and
stopped early in 1918, their effective
ness disastrously discredited. But even
as they were petering out the bombing
airplanes. the Gothas. were steadily
improving their diabolic scores.
No official post-bellum analysis Of
the damage done London in the differ
ent raids or by the different kinds Of
aerial raiders has reached this coun-
try. The map herewith was recently
published by the London Daily Mad.
1t shows the spots where more than
500 bombs fell in the city and suburbs.
an ALL" says the Daily Mail, "o22 per-
sons were killed and about thrice as
many wounded. In one Zeppelin raid
alone fire damage to the amount of
Fl, 100000 (s7,5O0,ooo) was done.
1t Will be seen that several bombs
fell in Woolwich Arsenal, yet the dam
age there was quite insignificant" So
indeed was the military damage every
where else, not only in London but
throughout the United Kingdom. As
for the moral effect. despite the fact
recently mentioned by Bernard Shaw
that for three years people in London
dreaded to let a clock chime in the
night and dared not show a light the
service the Zeppellns did England as
her best recruiting officers is generally
known, and the effect Of the Gotha
raids was to provoke terrible retri-
button upon certain Rhineland cities,
although the allied and American raid
ers reserved their bombs so far as they
could for military targets.
According to the official British sum-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02
Appropriations by Expiring Congress Exceed but Some
May Be Sakaged Civil and Spanish Conflicts Appear Pcayune Cost

present Congress than the entire cost
OF the Spanish war. The initial APP
preparation of $40 900 900 for aircraft
made by the SiXty-f1fth Congress COM
pares with s16S.5O1,95 appropriated
by the Fffty-fifth Congress for the
Spanish war.
The first appropriation bill passed
by the SlSty-ifth Congress for the
military and naval establishments was
$3.2Sl .094, 54l,60. a sum which nearly
equalled the entire appropriations Of
five years OF the civil war and made
the appropriations Of the Spanish war
appear inflnitesimal. At the time OF
the passage OF this bill it was the
largest bill of its kind ever known In
parliamentary history, but Its claim to
fame as such was not to last for long,
because one year later a similar BILL
four times as large, was presented to
Congress by the War Department and
was passed and signed by the Presi-
dent.
Early in the war the Sixty-fifth
Congress made an appropriation OF
s4O6, 100000 for an emergency shipping
fund with which to begin the con-
struction of the greatest merchant
marine fleet that the world has ever
known. This appropriation Is larger
than the entire appropriations for the
navy during the civil war, which
amounted to only $3SS,124, 900. The
largest single appropriation for the
navy during the civil war amounted to
$l22.6l70O0. a sum which is approx
mately third OF the amount appro-
priated by Congress for a merchant
fleet.
While this great appropriation was
for the creation Of a merchant marine
, fleet II was necessary Soma months
later for the Commerce Committee Of
the Senate to conduct a lengthy In
vestigation to determine whether or
not the money appropriated was being
well spent. a
rbe question is still debstssla hu.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

the fact remains that despite the APP
preparation of moro than 100000 600
the United States to-day does not
possess the greatest merchant fleet in
the world. although 1t is promised.
II was not until late in the civil war,
when the struggle was almost won,
that Congress made an army appro-
Lriatiun wlrfsn would pegin to compare
with some of the so-called small APP
preparations" of the present Congress.
The largest army appropriation bill
was in 1865. $1,000. 100000, Old is
sues of the Congressional Globe show
that debate in the House and the SEN
ate waXed hot over this appropriation,
and members denounced 1t as scan
dalous," and predicted that the nation
would be burdened down for a CEN
fury or more" because of the heavy
appropriations.
Despite their protests, the bill was
passed, and in the tenth Congress fol-
lowing appropriations were made
which were nearly fifty times as great
as this appropriation which caused so
great an uproar in the civil war Con-
sress.
During the civil and Spanish wars
search fails TO show that there were
ever any appropriations made to pro-
vide for controlling the food and fuel
situations. However, in the first ses-
sion Of the present Congress an ap-
preparation was made Of $l62. 100000 TO
provide for 1.-The national security and
defence by encouraging the produc-
ton. conserving the supply and con-
trolling the distribution OF food prod
ucts and fuel" This sum nearly equals
the sS,50l,95l.20 appropriated during
the Fifty-fifth Congress to cover all
the costs Of the Spanish waS
The present Congress also has ap-
propriated $50.O00,000 for the housing
OF employees OF the Emergency Fleet
Corporation, an amount equal TO the
initial appropriation for the conduct OF
the Spanish war, -l----...---...---
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

)oNGRESS has never before
l spent as much money for wa,
purposes as has been spent
during the Sixty-fifth Congress, which
comes to a close on March 4. No
American war ever led to any appro-
priations which can begin to approach
those made by this Congress.
Estimates Of experts show that the
present Congress will have spent ap-
proxinately $4,000, 900 900 for war
purposes" While many of the appro-
priations are cohsiderecs warSrf.r-
poses, the pages OF the Congressional
Record show that many others are
entirely newin character and that the
Congresses of the civil war and the
Spanish war never dared to go so ex-
tensively into the public treasures for
moneys for so-called war purposes"
During the first session of the Sixty
NTH Congress appropriations were
comparatively modest, amounting only
to $14.S9o. 73O, 94O.46, a sum which ex-
ceeds the entire appropriations of three
Congresses during the civil war.
During the five years of the civil
war there were appropriations which
amounted only to s3,47S.22O,O 900.
In the Spanish war the Fifty fifth
Congress made total appropriations
which amounted only to $16s, SOL 1851 20
On July ., 1918, President Wilson
signed an appropriation bill which pro-
vided for the support OF the army for
the fiscal year ending July l. 1919. and
which carried a total Of sl2 900, 000, 600
sum in excess of the total appro-
priations of the civil war and the
Spanish war combined This bill was
the largest appropriation ever made IL
the United states or in any Other
corrtr<. ard while u was labelled az
! appropriation bill. it carried with II
more than 100 legislative riders
deemed necessary for the conduct OF
the war.
More money waskappropriated for
aircraft during IMPRESSIONS Of the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

day had struck eighteen points within
the walls OF Paris. After the fourth
one NJ. Kling, director OF the Municipal
Laboratory. announced that the mys-
FERROUS projectiles came from n cam
non and not from an invisible raider
In the sky. The commandments kept
up on the following days. but after
March 80 almost ceased. \ single
shell on April 81 was the last OF thu
first series. Big Bertha, which lad
been installed near Laon. was out Of
use.
A month later. to the day. shooting
began again very irregularly; It ceased
June 10. Tho third series began July
Is. and Paris received its last shell on
the Boulevard Ney, in front of the
Clignancourt Barracks, August 8. at
l:4s o'clock in the afternoon. A few
minutes later two more fell outside the
fortifications in ST. Denis and in Au-
bervillicrs. 1t was finished.
In spite ~ oil the columns OF matter
that have been printed purporting TO
describe in minute detail the projec-
tiles from Big Bertha, 1t now is as
serted that the Municipal Laboratory
of Paris never found one OF these
shells that was dud. nor did It ever
find enough fragments TO be sure just
how the shells were designed 1t is
probable, however. that the she'll was
OF 81 centimeters diameter and about
400 millimeters high. There was a steel
head, but it is not certain just how II
was shaped or what size 1t was. 1t
had two belts Of copper and was rifled
for a distance of several centimeters.
The interior was divided into two COM
partments by n diaphragm. The pur-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

eral with its money. it is to be noted
that II was also liberal with men.
During the second session, when man
power appeared to be the greatest hope
OF winning against German autocracy,
Congress passed a new draft bill which
gave to the President authority to in
crease the military establishment to
the limit ~ the--2 overs TO equip and
train the men.
The Congresses Of the civil war au-
thorized the recruiting OF 2,772,40S
men during the FIVE years of the war.
which about equalled the forces OF the
United States in Europe when the
present war came to a close. The Fiji
ty-fifth Congress authorized the in
crease OF the military establishment
during the Spanish war to $4,000 for
service in Cuba and $4,000 for the
Philippine instruction.
During the civil war there were
some war costs which were not in
cluded in the war costs OF the present
Congress, but they were few. Most
notable among these were the appro-
prlations made for prize money, the
largest of which was Sl.2sl,542.25.
The Sixty-fifth Congress has not
made any appropriations for the per-
sonal honor of any war hero. The
Fifty-flfth Congress, however, pro-
vided $4,000 for a sword for Admiral
Dewey.
While experts OF the appropriations
committee Of the Senate now place the
probable appropriations OF the present
ie
interesting to note that George Bern
hard has estimated the entire cost OF
the war to Germany will be approXi-
mately $40. 1850, 900, 900.
1t Is to be noted. however. that there
will probably be a large salvage from
the appropriations OF the SiXty-tifth
Congress and that the present estl-
mate will be cut considerably. Already
one bill has been passed which with
draws s16.0oo0o0 and others are ex-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

Early in the Spanish war Congress
gave $500.03i to send an eXpeditionary
force to Cuba. This sum Is small In
comparison with an appropriation Of
800, 900 made by the present Con-
gress to provide storage and shipping
facilities for the American Expedition
airy Force in Europe.
Revi4~' OF ~. work OF TIE Fifty
fifth Congress and the civil war Con-
gress shows that there have never been
any appropriations previous TO this
war which can approach the sums
used for propaganda and publicity.
Early in the war the present Congress
gave TO President Wilson the sum of
100000, 900 for such uses as he cared
to put II. With this sum in hand the
President created the Committee on
Public Information. with George Creel
as its director. A large part of the
$100.000.000 was used for the work of
the Creel bureau, which carried on an
active propaganda campaign both in
this country and Europe and was the
official publicity bureau of the Govern
ment.
Congress in the civil war, records
SHOW, never IedllEeu inc Ndlue OF puO-
llcity. propaganda or advertising, for 1t
failed TO make any appropriations for
such purposes. In the Spanish war;
however. Congress openly made an ap-
preparation of sl,26sSS for "miscel-
laneous advertising" This sum would
hardly have paid the expenses OF the
Creel bureau for a day.
During the second session OF the
SiXty-flfth Congress an appropriation
OF S2.S14,34s,267,S5 was made for for
tlfcations. In the heat Of the Spanish
war, when members Of Congress and
people OF the country conjectured con-
corning a naval attack upon our coast.
the Flfty-fifth Congress provided 49,
S97. 497.65 for Notifications. and later
went this little better by giving ST.
2lo.2s7s4 more for ordnance.
While the present Congress was lib
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

greatest damage was in the Rue Rea-
muir, Saint Sauveur dAthenes. Avenue
de Ia Grand Armee. One of the first
bombs kindled in the general stores
of Aubervilliers a fire which lighted
up the whole north of Paris. There
were numerous casualties. most OF
them due to carelessness. Yet after all
the results were less than one would
think. OF rinety-one projectiles twenty
two did not explode and ten fell in
courtyards or in streets
Total of 26O ProjectiIes.
The suburbs. however, received ITS
bombs. That made total OF 269 pro-
jectiles, a record which no other raid
achieved. There were new raids i'm
portant enough. March S and II. Then
the Gotha raids became intermittent,
the night of September 14-l5, 1918, be-
ing the last.
OF all the projcctiles used by the air
raiders the iDcendiary torpedo caused
the greatest damage. 1t WAS these that
set the great fire which destroyed the
General Stores at st. Denis and at
Aubervilliers, and the Paris France
Stores.
The first shell from Big Bertha fell
on quay OF the Seine March %, 1915.
at 7:15 O'Clock in the morning. Shells
continued to fall at intervals OF ten to
fifteen minutes. and at the end OF the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02
Burgundy at Its Best

y URGCNDY wines OF 1915 are re-
- ported by the most eminent
connolsseurs OF Paris to be the
best since 1885. In fact their verdict
S rPerfcct"
The summer of 1915 was hot, 40 was
the autumn, with light rains now and
again AT exactly the right intervals.
NJ. Matthew, celebrated savant on the
subject OF wines, writes; since 1865
there has been no Burgundy like that
OF 1915 II dc!icacy or strength The
1915 vintage is remarkable synthesis
Of bouquet, aroma, body and flavor"
But OF course all this is OF merely
acadamic interest to us.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02


'Amoum includes an appropriation for ap-
proxims tely 5000, 900, 600 which was a def
cheney bill 10 cover the costs of both tho
military and naval establishments during the
early days of the war.
NThif total does not include sr authorize
tion OF some s. ,ooS. 10000 for loans TO the
Allies and does not include Appropris tons OF
the third session, which include a $50 coo 900
rivers and harbors bill and an appropr alton
bill for 500, 600 900 for food for the Allies.
On the date that this table was
made up, February 81. the army and
navy appropriations and several other
large appropriation bills are still in
process of making, and it is commonly
believed that there will be no further
appropriations during this Congress,
but that the appropriations will be
made in an extra session.
This total, therefore, does not show
the total cost of the European war,
but experts estimate that with appro-
priations now in sight and with esti-
mated salvage from appropriations al
ready made, the total cost OF tho war
will be more than $4,000. 100000.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

pected to come in the Sixty-sixth Con-
gress when the Republican party takes
control.
The following table shows the COM
parative appropriations during the
three latest American wars:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

Tota tsa7s ,ao oOO tllss $50 O.a f.sa BOB s72 OsI
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-02-09

The time is now here for the Spring Sewing, and
we herein list just few of the many specials we
have arranged for the economical buyer for this
sale. Each and every article herein listed is an
E>Doo,,,c4
Williams news., 1919-11-14

kept scrub stock. The final result Of pure-bred sires is that the farmer makes more money and the city family gets more and better food, probably al lower prices.
 The crusade, the experts say, eventu. ally will tend to result in reducing the cost of living to the consumer without taking the difference out of the pocket of the producer. For that reason, they point out, the city man has a definite money interest in the better sires cru sade. While he can hardly be expect. ed to put the same amount of effort into it that the live stock breeder should, he is expected to give encour agement and aid to the program when ever the opportunity offers. And there will be no lack of opportunity partic ularly in the smaller cities and towns where the farmers are in close con tact with the city business men.
Williams news., 1919-11-14
BENEFITS OBTAINED
 FROM BETTER SlRES
Farmer Increases Products and
 Receives More Money.
Crusade Launched by Department of Agriculture Will Eventually Result in Reducing Cost of Living
 to Consumer.

Prepared by the United States Depart
 ment of Agriculture)
 The definition of the term ''pure- bred SireS" is written in one word economy" There are many defini- tions, many of them learned and long, that might be written, but the breeding experts of the United States depart ment of agriculture, when they met to launch the state and national crusade for Better Sires-Better Stock" agreed that the primary meaning of it is economy.
 The scrub hog requires a certain number of bushels of corn to make 200 pounds of pork. The pure-bred or high grade hog takes the same number of bushels of corn and makes 300 pounds of pork. The pure-bred or high grade COW makes three gallons of milk out of the same quantity of silage that the scrub COW uses to make a gallon and a half of milk. These figures are not meant to be scientifically exact, of course, but merely to illustrate the principle. The result is that the farm CT gets more pounds of salable prod uct out of his feed when he uses pure bred sires at the head of his herds and fiocks. He gets more money and his family lives better But something pounds of a better class of meat or more gallons of rich milk he feeds the city famir better than he did when he
Williams news., 1919-11-14
MYOGA HAD DONE ITS WORK F'
Ample Proof of It's Potency, Though There Was No Occasion for Many
 Congratulations.

A Japanese, Mir. AiSaku WaSeda, dis cusses Japanese humor in the Tourist, and offers the following selection:
 Said an innkeeper's wife to her hus- hand:
 ''The guest who came this evening carries package which seems to con tain things of great value. Lwish he would leave it behind"
 "I have a good idea" said the hus- band. 'I will give him a great deal of myOga."
 The innkeeper carried out his plan and gave myoga. spicy vegetable supposed to produce forgetfulness, in abundance to the guest with soup and with vegetables, and soon after the guest had departed he hopefully in spected the room. There was no trace If the coveted baggage.
 The landlady began to scoff at the inefficacy of myoga as an oblivion pro ducer, but her husband admonished her not to lose faith so easily.
 'The myoga has had it's effect" he declared.
 What do you mean?" demanded the woman.
 "Why. he forgot to pay his bill.'' re piled the husband.