davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
N Oney's Pleasing
Plea

Money is hardly less important in build
ing balance of power than secret police.
The Marquis de Brignolc, penipotentiary
of Genoa, was one of the best supplied men
in Vienna. Genoa wanted Independence and
was willing to pay for it. A report to Hager,
September 27, said, Labrador Zone of the
Spanish dclegates), is opposed to the ces-
sion of Genoa to Piedmont. 1t appears that
Brigrole has brought with him two millions
with which he intends to try to win Met
ternich'
Another report the same day gave more
details. 1t said, "Brignole will receive
within few days two millions to use
principally to win Prince Metternch to the
cause of Genoa, and it seems that the bust
ness is already under way. Metternch is
acting as though he were not particularly
well disposed toward Genoa. He is said to
have told Brignole that it has been decided
to give Genoa to the King Of Sardinia.
Castlereagh has not given categorical
reply. Brgnole hopes to have better luck
with another English diplomat, Lamb, un-
less deceive myself.
Hager kept track of the Genoese millions.
October a, the agent reported, "The two
millions Brignole is to make a present of
to Mctternch have arrived"
BY the 10th he was still better sun
piled. State Councillor Goehausan wrote to
IIager. "Brignole has received his money
and has now 100000 forms, but Castle
reagh has told him the cesson of Genoa
to Piedmont Is decided"
Some Of the other credits opened IN
Vienna were roted in report to Hager
on September 20 as follows: "'phe Emperor
Of Russia 100000 rubles; the King of Prus-
sia. unlimited credit; the Prince Of Wrede
100000 horins; Cardinal Consalv unlimited
credit; Count Of Hartz (Jcrome Napoeon)
100000 horins; Baron Won Hacke, Grand
Master of the Court of Denmark, 10000
ducats and afterward unlimited credit;
Senator Won lIach, of Lubbock, unlimited
credit, and pr. Jassoy of Frankfort, un-
limited credit
Organizing a popular reception is not a
modern art. September 81, lInger by order
Of Prince Trauttmansdortr, sent the follow
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
Impatient
With Fools

The conversation became general and for
the next few moments he talked of many
things, with the same characteristic energy,
lmpatlonce. frankness-energy in laying
forth the dangers; impatience of the fools
and the blunders-whch filed his columns
IN that epoch, and made the arrival of each
edition OF his paper an event almost as con
siderable the communicate frankness,
for it is the terrible frankness of the man
which has created the Cemcnceau Of the
legends.
As he led me to the door at the close of
the audience | was again struck with the
energy and force of the man. In an odd
way he reminded me of Colonel Roosevelt;
smaller man, lacking in height and weight
by comparison, but yet Enthusiastically burlY
and getting over the ground with that same
vigorous forward thrust which is familiar
to all who have seen Colonel Roosevelt in
action.
AT the door he reminded me again Of
America. you will see everything, and
you will go back and tell the Americans.
They must understand. know if they
understand it will be all right As for me,
| have always liked America | knew it
once, but that was very long ago Yes. as
| told you, | am an old man"
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19

furnish you-or me-instant reports writ
ten or verbal, on all that they may be in
position to learn"
The same day he wrote to La Roze. chief
of the Jewish division Of the police: "Bv
reason Of the influence you have with the
principal Jewish houses, it should be easy
for you to find among the chiefs of these
houses, or among the most intelligent of
their sons, some individuals capable of fur
nshing interesting news to the political
police" And to one Of his trusted agents
of social position, Won Leurs, he wrote:
Il have the honor to ask you to give your
best efforts not only to making the most Of
your relations and your channels of infor-
nation, in order that you may give me
every day an ample harvest of news, being
sure that I will not fail to reimburse YOU
for any special expenses you may incur,
but to indicate to the names Of persons
you think likely to accept employment un-
der the present circumstances and for the
duration of the congress- and with whom
you can put me in touch'
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
The Great
Con7e=B Back

But now Clemenceau has come back"
The man who SAID to me, 81 am the oppo-
sition." is to-day the government The man
who told me that the politician who talked
peace, Surrender peace, German peace"
would be Shot, "decently," has made good
his words, and in the lonely and dangerous
eminence he now occupies he has at the
least, the best wishes of all those in Britain
and in America who care most for France
and desire most to see her come unspoiled
and restored from this terrible struggle.
For the final terrible year of war Gle
menceau has been the incarnation OF the
will to live in France. In sense this old
man, the Connecticut school teacher Of the
period when the Civil War was just over
in America, was the final hope for France
Niviani, he of the words; BRAND, who once
more tired under a great task; Painleve.
the scholar, incredibly active. but inescap-
ably didactc-they all failed, and when
the enemy was again at Noyon and still
within range of Rheims. but when pess-
mists came from France bringing words of
evil, | thought always of this man, Gle
menceau, he sat behind his gun emplace-
ment, two years before, shaking the cap
he had borrowed from some poilu who
was glad, | doubt not, to lend it, and say
ing:
"Once l had doubts about France. once |
feared for my countrymen. but now, is it
not wonderful is it not unbelievable"
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
"The Tiger" in His Lair in 1916

about the man the suggestion of the Ori-
entail; something about the high cheek
bones, the deep set eyes with their cnor-
nous gray eyebrows, which suggests, not
the Oriental we know in America outside
of Washington, but the Oriental of high
rank and equally unmistakable intelligence.
Yet, cap and desk, and almost fantastic
appearance, it was stil kindly and vigor-
Gus old man, with hardly trace of the
burden Of years, who welcomed the invad-
ing American
81 knew America once; I knew it WE'LL"
he said Then with touch of mock sad
ness, but that was long ago, too long ago
For, you see, | am an old man" Then for
moment he gosspped about the New
York which he had known, the New York
Of Dana and of Greeley, whom he had
visited in the days after the end of the
civil War and during the days when he was
IN exile, an instructor of French, | believe
IN girls school. in Connecticut suburb
"But you come to talk about the war
about France he said, after moment.
"Well, | am not going to tell you what
France is doing; | am not going to praise
France. You must look around for your
self; you must see it for yourself; YOU
must feel it for yourself"
Then, after moment, he went On with
quickening tone:
There have been times in the past" and
he waved his hands toward the busy street
beyond the lattice window. "there have been
times when have despared of my country,
when have been afraid of the future for
my countrymen; but now. Now, look at
them; look at France,"
Then he repeated details of the Vcrdun
episode, of the tragic opening dav about
Douaumont, which all Paris was then re-
peating, but which shall not repeat here
1--WE need man; we need general;
we need mani" lie said with sullen in
tensity.
"And Joffre?" | asked, recalling the name
Of the man who then still commanded, but
whose sun was sinking rapidly
Il have nothing against him. he said
sharply, "nothing; but he is not the man.
he is not the man"
"And Foch ?'' inquired, naming nv own
hero.
But Foch did not arrest his attention.
"Nhat of Petain, them" inquired. nam
Ing the man who just coming to word
roticc the defender of Verdun and was
to succeed to the rank and power of Joffre
before Clemenccau himself became Pre-
mier.
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
Espionage on a
Social Plane

SumcraW said: "One must find and at
tach to himself persons whose social po
stion is such that they frequent High So
clety and have access to the places where
the foreign ministers and ambassadors Co.
such the salons Of the Arnstens and
Ceymuller, the Baroness d'Eichclbcrg and
the famous Nine. Ripp." In a second re-
port he emphasized this point again, say
ing; cone must devote himself cspcc tally
to finding them in the highest society and
among tho persons TO whom their BIRTH
their situation and their relations give
access everywhere, not only in the salons
Of the Arnsteins, Geymulcr, dEichelbcrg
and Nine Ripp, but also in those Of the
aristocracy and the embassies
His report then dealt with the Cabinet
Noir "where after having intercepted and
deciphercd letters coming from foreign
countries the results are sent to Coun-
cllor Of State Won Stahl" Sumcraw in
sisted the necessity for special or
Ganizaton to take charge Of the letters
foreign ministers had sent to them in caro-
Of their bankers or that they themselves
sent by confidential messengers. He ad-
viscd appealing to the patriotism OF the
bankers, to whom would be promised the
most absolute secrecy"
These the serious preliminarics to
organizing the most effective balance OF
power ever created, ono that kept it's poise
for thirty-cight years, not more than half
:he Biblical term of man The justice OF
tho remarks Of the serious commentator
in evident: zone sees that in such grave
circumstBnces the Austrian government
had need more than over to know exactly
almost hour by hour, what was done, what
was sad and whnt was written by all
those pcraopagca all those statesmen
brought together in the capitnl. IT had
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19

the greatest interest in knowing not only
patches they received from their courts,
but still more the state of their minds,
their private conversations, their conf
dcnces and the opinions contained in their
private correspondence"
The Austrian secret service as organ
lied by Pcrgen, Sumeraw and Hager
ceased to exist in 1848, and the Crimean
War began in 1853. In the last thirty
years there have been nine wars, great
and small. No secret service, no cabinet
nolr and an unbalanced balance of power
allows nine wars in thirty years 1t is
we'll to study the Austrian method in
detail
Haler made a daily report to the En-
peror during the whole course of the Con-
gress Of Vienna. These reports were di-
vldcd into three parts and accompanied by
a detailed index The first part contained
the information gathered by the regular
secret police; the second comprised the re-
ports of volunteers recruited from people
Of social position, reaching to the highest
ranks Of the arstocracy, while the third,
often the most valuable of all, consisted of
letters and dispatches intercepted and
copied by the Cabinet Noir and the chffons
that is, parts Of letters or notes for dis
patches not thoroughly destroyed, only half
burned, through the carelcssncss of the
writers or recipients, and gathered up and
preserved by secret agents introduced as
servants. From these the experts of the
secret police would reconstitute the orig
inal letter or dispatch The survcillsnce
extended even to members Of the imperial
family, whose correspondence was inter
ccptcd and copied by the secret police, and
to letters and dispatches written under the
very orders of Mcttcrnich himself
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19

//TT HERE is an old system which
We appears condemned to- day and
TO which | do not fear to say
that I remain faithful at this
moment. Countries have organized the
defence Of their frontiers with the neces-
sary clements and the balances of
powers. Premier Clemenceau.
Organizing balances Of powers is the
most fascinating task statesmen have ever
set themselves. II succeeded the old sys-
TEN OF Organizing conquest, and by many
Is thought TO be in truth merely that
system greatly developed by the addition
O. countless complications to bring new
zest and whet the jaded appetites of
statesmen grown old and weary at the
game.
The balance Of power theory reached its
n'enes, development in the Congress Of
Vienna, following the Napoleonic wars,
~aich constructed balance Of power that
Kept the peace for thirty eight years
ne machinery was so delicate that thirty
e'gat year of constant use wore it out,
and since then even the utmost vigilance
ID renewing parts and an almost com
pete rebuilding Of the machine at the
oongress Of Berlin, in 1878, has only sue
ceeded in 1eeping the peace Of tho world
a. me longest period for sixteen years
For the machinery of balance of
power the Congress Of Vienna is, there
lore tae classic model And studying this
model ~ found that the first essential
Il secret police.
Napoleon's is the most famous secret
p'ice, bat there has been none more ef-
"c'en' than the secret police Of Vienna
~ i1l3-l5- Under the name Of the Min
ls'fy u the Interior, it was founded in
itSz ii thc Emperor Joseph II, With the
count Pergen at the head Of t. Four
5safs later the secret service was added.
~as deYeloped rapidly up 70 the time
- 'ne death of Joseph II, in 1880, but his
"''tnef and successor. Leopold II, did not
sse sne necessity Of it, and the powers Of
vac ministry we're 40 curtaled that pergen
fesixred
Leopold soon died and his son became
"e Emperor Francis. "Happiy,' says
one account Of the Vienna secret police,
happily Tor pcrgcn and especially sor
"es'rs. there was nothing he was more
~ naFte ~ do than % withdraw the meas
4fe' nis father had taken in March, I711, ,
"s@s1fcs whose effect had been to par
"i5ze' almost 70 annihilatc, the action Of
Ns minietry perQcn's retirement was ~
prlef durationn
|sta than month after Francis be-
,e'n" hhnperpr he created the Ministry of
''''ee and Inc censure. placing pcrYcn Mt
~ mead. Thanks 30 the untiring zcal ~
statfsncn charged NTH It's drec-
.'n' M THINKS, also. 50 the pressure, The
.@T''y and tho mutt oicity II events, it.
increased steadily in Importance from
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19

whom some people still believe what was
never true"
Here at last was the "Tiger" the Clemen-
ceau of the legend. This was the man who
a few months before had said to Viviani
then Premier "He has spoken, he speaks,
he will speak," and Viviani had fallen, to-
gether with a whole Cabinet of eloquence
lhe conversation drifted to politics.
What of the opposition % asked. "The
opposition in the Chamber I explained
Opposition He puzzled over that for
moment and then said with calmness:
But am the oppostion' 1t was the
famous phrase Of Louis XIV-"L'etat, c'est
nor but it was repeated without the
smallest note OF personal vainglory; it was
not boast; it was simple statement of
fact
81 am the opposition" he repeated, "and
it is an opposition to the conduct of the
war to the mistakes. 1t is an opposition
which wants things done better-that is
ALL
But those who want peace ~ asked
"Who are they?" he quericd
"What would happen, then" ! asked. try-
ing flank movement, what would happen
If some one should advocate peace now
peace without Alsace- Lorraine-a German
peace ?"
He reflected for moment, and then said.
with softness of voice which was hardly
deceptive:
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19

attached to the person of the Emperor Al
eXander.'
But in balance of power it will not do
to have the spies all on one side The
agent Freddi reported to Hager at the end
of September: "Captan Ferrari and two
men, named Cellin and Sartori. are the
three individuals who keep the Papal
nuncia secretly informed on affairs. But
it is a Protestant, whose wife has recently
been converted to Catholicism, who gives
him his most important information."
little later it was learned that this was
Frederic Schlegel, a secretary in the office
of Foreign Affairs
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
ClemenCeau
A Hitherto Unpublished Interview
With the Man Then
HelpIessIy Gagged
By Frank II. Simonds

nome OF Benjamin Franklin Clemenceau's
mouse, guarded by the inevitable COURTYARD
ana blank wall, extends southwark to thc
next street and gives a broad opening fol.
sunlight from the south; and it was in
ms study, illuminated by the March sun.
Nhlch III Paris means spring that Clemen-
ceau received me. Before | went to him
nay French friends had warned me. One
IS always warned of Clemenceau "He will
tell you that the Germans are still q,
Noyon' was one admonition, citing the
sentence that almost daily appeared in
Olemenceau's newspaper, "L'Homme En-
chalne,' until at last the Germans left
Noyon and Clemenceau came to power. "Hc
Will criticise America; he will saw some
thIng terrible; he always does -bewarel"
inns was an even more FREQUENT warninp
In point OF fact he did neither. But this is
anticipating
Leading me down long and dusty hall
way, an old sergeant ushered me into
tIemenceau's study, the room of which
had heard so much, and there, seated st
the wonderful desk which is part of the
stage properties of political Paris. sat
Clemenceau. For the moment the desk
seemed even more remarkable than it's
owner. 1t was a huge circular desk shaped
IKE the emplacement of a heavy gun, with
long SIDES stretching backward as if to pro-
tect the gunner from flank fire And az he
rose from his chair to greet me, Clemeu-
ceau seemed almost like one of the short
howltzers rising to the discharge
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
The Kings
Arrive

"A certain point of view is necessary for
one who would be a cog in the machine
that preserves the balance of power The
Kings Of Denmark and Wiirtemberg ar
rived in Vienna September 20, the Emperor
Of Russia and the King of Prussia the
25th, the Empress of Russia the 9th and
the King of Bavaria the 2Sth. Affairs were
warming up and Hager wrote to the Prince
Trauttmansdorff, the Grand Master of Cere-
monies at the royal palace: CAS- the police
have not the right to enter the Burg, and
the exits and entrances are so numerous
that it is almost impossible to keep
watch OF any value from the street, can
not do my work unless the servants in the
palace and the royal stables who are at
tached to the sovereigns and their suites
lodged in the palace are Joined to tho Sc
cret police. ! have already tried to make
Of q personal servant Of the Emperor.
but the Wallets de chambre AMI messengers
Of the visiting sovereigns have succeeded in
blocking the endeavors of tho seven mem
bers of the police force put at his DISPOSE
ton TO accompany the aides-dc camp and
members Of the suites of the sovcrcigns
and report on what they do
"I have, then, the honor to ask you to or
der tho servants in the Burg to make n
daily report on the comings and gongs Of
these personages, the places where they go
and the persons, other than the most I'M
mediate members of their suites whom they
receive.
"This measure is The more indispensable
as, for example. the Emperor Alexander
has already refused to avail himself o.
those designated to assume the service Of
honor near him. have not given up hope
in this direction, however. and | expect
valuable assistance from Field Marshal
Lieutenant Count Ifartcgg, who has been
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
accounting for
CaiIIauX

III any one should advocate peace nova
German peace think he would be shot.
But 1t would be done decently- very
decently!" The words were in nv mind
now, when Bolo Pacha, prosecuted by the
Clemenceau government faced firing
squad for seeking German peace.
"And Cailaux?' I asked, naming the
name that then, always, has been the
nightmare in the minds of those who love
France and hope to see her victorious and
herself, the man of whom Clemenceau had
said: "He thinks himself Napoleon"
NO." he said, with calm smile. 81 do not
fear him"
"Will he come back ?" asked
II do not think So" he responded And
again his words had new meaning. when
Caillaux was jailed to await in prison that
trial for treason which Clemcnceau has di
rected and will force.
The talk drifted to the Bulgarian disaster
of the previous autumn and the mistakes
and failures of Allied diplomacy in the
Balkanss
Bulgaria was a case of money" he said
thoughtfuly, "a case of money, and think,
if I had been in power, I should have
bought
"And Greece"
But he would not tall of Greece. He had
been for years one of the great friends of
the Hellenic Kingdom, and the desertion of
Greece was to him, patiently, in the nature
of personal sorrow.
ooh, the unhappy Serbs!" he continued.
And we've French-have had to reequip
their army. Yes, we have sent to them the
uniforms, the equipment at Corfu Invaded
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
An UnfOrgOffen
Figure

Looking backward now. after three wears.
and trying to recall the faces and the
words Of the men ! have met in the public
life of Britain and France, Lloyd George
Salfour Poincare, Painleve, find that
even now my recollection Of Clemenceau is
the clearest. Alone of all these men, there
was about him sense of force, of power,
a sort of fearlessness alike of phrase and
OF form. What the man felt you would be
sure he would say; he would say it whether
it hurt himself or another whether it de-
stroyed ministry or merely labelled an
opponent.
Again recall the touch of Roosevelt.
much polished Roosevelt, the master Of the
phrase and of the manner, which the
Colonel had not. The man who wields a
rapier, not broadsword; who strikes but
once, where the Colonel battered and
pounded until at last he destroyed his foe
sometimes by mere bruising. But in en-
ergy, in carelessncss, the men are alike. and
Clemenceau is like 10 other man | have
ever met in the public life of the three
countries
And when | came back to my French
friends and told them of Clemenceau, of the
Clemenceau | had met, they laughed at me
a little lncredulously, at one who had
insisted on preserving his gods, despite
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
General JOnini's
lest

General Baron Jomini, one Of the shYewd-
est observers at the Congress of Vienna,
was so much interested in watching the
building up Of the machinery of balance
of power and the results achieved by it that
he drew up satirical treaty which he sent
to Baron Anstett, of the Russian delegation.
1t reached the Baron in safety, but fell
into the hands of Hager on its return and
was preserved by him in his secret reports.
Jomni's treaty was as follows:
The Great Powers, who have made war
on France only for her happiness and to
procure for her the benefits of solid and
glorious peace, wishing to prove their dis
nterestedness to His Majesty, Louis XVIII.
and treat with him more favorably than they
have ever done with Bonaparte, have de-
cided on the following treaty:
Il. There shall be an eternal alliance be-
tween France and the Allies, except in case
war becomes necessary for the happiness
or benefit Of one of them.
"2. The Empire of France shall keen the
title Of Kingdom.
'3. In consequence Of the declaration of
Frankfort providing that great nation
shall not disappear, the Allied Powers.
anxious to give the French armies mark
of their high esteem, will only hold the
territory conquered since 1892.
"4. Belgium is returned to Holland TO
recompense the Prince Of Orange for the
part he has taken in the war and the sacri
fices he has made TO recover his territory.
IS In exchange for Belgium and in accord
ance with the declaration of Frankfort.
which provides that France shall be greater
than under any of her former kings His
Majesty, Louis XVIII, shall ACQUIRE the
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
His Amazingly Candid Comment
ON the Blunderins Leaders
of That Time

longs to the soldiers they have earned it
and they should enjoy it. And tomorrow
and FOR all other days the fame of Foch
will endure as the conqueror of the German
military machine, the man who broke the
mighty, il evil, tradition of the Prussian
war lords.
But without Clemenceau Foch could not
have triumphed Without Foch, Petain
could not have reorganized the French army
following the military defeat and the moral
weakening of 1917 Whcn France turned
to Clemenceau all other hope was gone. He
came, heralded by evil forecasts Of brief
ministry and a complete and disastrous
failure. He came when treason was abroad
and defeatist propaganda general. After
he came there was period Of military dis
aster and growing sense Of impending de
feat