davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31
Chinese Hatch Chickens as Ancient Egyptians Did

slant application Of heat is necessary
through most of the Matching season
After the eggs have been heated 10
the proper temperature, either in the
oven or in the sun, they are placed in
cylindrical baskets about 80 inches
deep and 20 inches in diameter. Each
basket holds about 1000 eggs. The
walls OF the basket are about Ia
inches thick, and are made OF firmly
packed rice straw held in place with
wicker or bamboo, both inside and out
side. The baskets are lined with a
heavy gray paper, somewhat like
asbestos. This paper and the basket
itself Is thoroughly warmed before
putting In the eggs, which are ar
ranged In layers, each layer being
separated from its neighbor by a piece
Of cloth about two feet square, Twice
u day the eggs are changed from ono
basket to another. The operator
simply grasps the corners Of the cloth,
and in so doing the esss naturally
tumble together in n heap in the
centre. He then transfers 1t with
the eggs to another basket This
method takes the place of the slow
method of turning eggs used with
modern incubators and is most eff
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

period careful watch is kept over the
temperature. No Thermometer is used,
but the operator raises the lid or a
blanket removes an egg and presses
the large end against closed eyelid
where the skin is very sensitive to
temperature. Long practice has
taught him TO Judge differences in
temperature quickly and accurately.
The men sleep in the room with the
eggs, or in adjoining rooms. Some
one is on duty constantly. examining
and regulating each basket or tray
according to its individual needs.
The chickens when Matched are
placed In circular bamboo trays about
three feet in diameter and eight inches
deep. They are ready for sale as soon
as dry. The Matching percentage
usually runs about 10 per cent. OF the
fowl eggs and about 80 per cent. of the
duck eggs. This average hatch is
quito fair, and, with better sanitation,
ventilation and construction of build
ings, and the use of thermometers, this
method of Matching eggs on a large
scale would be far more economical
and efficient than Matching chickens in
any of our so-called modern incubators.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

TIME methods used for applying
heat In Chinese incubators In
China are similar to those
used by the Egyptians 1000 years ago
in similar incubatcrs, ruins of which
still exist in the Nile River Valley.
On the first day the eggs are thorough
ly warmed to the proper incubating
temperature of 103 degrees Fab, or
little less, by placing them In a brick,
ovenlike room, usually feet deep, IL
feet long and 10 feet high. The eggs
are placed in baskets arranged on
shelves around the walls OF this room'
each basket holding 200 or 900 eggs
In the larger shops as many as forty
or fifty OF these baskets may be found
In this oven at the same time. Heat
is furnished by burning charcoal In
earthenware pots placed on the Moor
of the room. Sometimes baskets OF
eggs are placed In large stone Jars
and a slow charcoal fire is kept burn
ing continuously against or under
meath the outside OF the jar. This
method Is largely used at Shanghai,
Hankow, and other places in the north
where the climate is cooler, and con-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

To get the wax Off she scrapes 1t with
q knife and beats it against the rocks
and dips II in hot water. Another de-
sign is made and waxed and the mate
rial is once again dyed. This process
is repeated as many times as there
are colors In the design.
Designs Long in Making.
The wax crackles in handling, very
often, and the dye seeps through, leav-
ing a marbled effort on the cloth. This
was thought at first to be an example
Of bad workmanship. and avoided as
much as possible. But as time went
on. people came to admire the cracked
effect and strove for It
1t takes Mrs. Javanese long time
to make the costume. but one dress
lasts her a whole year and she doesn't
wear anything else. Buddha wore
batik. So did all their gods and god
desses. Mr.. and Mrs. Javanese had
to also.
When the Dutch in 1913 discovered
iowa, the explorer, who was of an
artistic nature, sent home samples of
designs and descriptions of the beau
tiful work. But it wasn't until ten
years ago that artist designers and
the ladies of fashion decided that
batik silk blouses and dresses were
the thing. 1t took people a long time
to discover tobacco, too.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

little brass or copper kettle that looks
like a tea pot), and that artificial dyes
could be used with even more success
than vegetable dyes.
Next the artistic element of the city
took to wearing batik as well as deco
rating the home with 1t. Shocks and
scarves were created that attracted the
attention of the more wealthy and
stylish portion OF the city. And grad
ually the lady of fashion took to plac-
ing orders Tor gowns and hats and
blouses with artists who now devoted
all their time to making batik 1t was
no longer a hobby.
PETER Mijer. who now is known az
the foremost batik maker in America,
taught many young artists the work.
Unfortunately some Of these artists dc
not follow the ancient method OF the
Javanese. By outlining a design in
wax instead of filing it in, then by
painting 1t in instead of dyeing 1t they
turned out imitation batik in great
quantities. Fortunately the deception
is easily discovered. The material has
not that delightful crackly effect and
irregularity of design that makes the
work so charming.
At the present day there are studies
all over the city where a number of
artists work together, supplying the
demand of the large department stores
If you walk up Fifth avenue you
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

Gent, requiring only about one-tenth
the time. Transferring the eggs from
one basket to another by this method
also gives the airing considered neces-
sary for the production OF strong.
healthy chickens.
The eggs are usually kept in tho
baskets fourteen days, and then trans
terred to large trays, 6 feet wide, IS
feet long and inches deep. Each
tray holds about 10000 eggs. The
bottom of the tray is lined with the
same heavy paper with which tho
baskets are lined The eggs are also
covered with this paper, with blankets
or with both. The amount of cover
ings depends. of course on the weather
and the period of incubation, In warm
weather no covers are needed during
the last two or three days. Just before
Matching time. the number of eggs in
the trays is reduced to one layer, and
an empty space of aboat two feet is
loft at ono end. toward which the eggs
are turned or rolled twice a day.
The eggs are candled twice. usually
on the third and seventh days, and all
infertile eggs are sold so that there is
very little loss through unmatched
eggs. Throughout the incubation
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

will see on display in the windows the
batik that has now reached the zenith
of its popularity.
The first exhibition of batilS has been
held at the Bush Terminal Building
within the last month. A tapestry
baked by PETER Mijer and designed
by Arthur Crisp was only one OF the
gorgeous pieces of work displayed.
According to a report Of bureau
Of commerce in the far East, there
are one hundred species Of plants con-
tanning color principles, but the colors
are inferior in quality, fugitive. or
not clear. Plants yielding dyes are
widely scattered so the supply is I'm
reliable and insufficient.
Artificial dyes, originally supplied
the United States by Germany before
the embargo put an end to exports,
have now been perfected here at home
by chemists, and the colors are as fast
as the best and most primitive vege-
table dyes. In batik, however, the
color cannot be oiled in on account OF
the wax design. The silk is dipped
| in q cold bath and when the garment
is complete 1t can be cleaned only
by dipping in gasolene.
This has been one of the obJec-
tons to batik-that it cannot be
washed. But that difficulty as al
others has been overcome. Miss Helen
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

binary Homework in Java. Mrs. ia
vanese takes some white cotton ma
terial and puts it in soak in castor oil
for a week. taking it out now and then
to wash it and then putting 1t back in
again. This makes a beautiful soft
creamy shade. White is the color of
death in Java 1t is used only for
mourning and for the grave. The cas-
tor oil also lends the material the
necessary stiffness to accommodate the
batik.
Then after the castor OIL Is washed
out of the material and II Is dried in
the sun, Mrs. Javanese draws the de-
sign on the goods with charcoal. Usu-
ally It is a design that has been In
the family for years and years. II
It is one of the conventional Javanese
designs 1t has to conform to the class
OF the wearer. 1t wouldn't do for
Mr. Javanese Ordinaire to be seen
walking down the street wearing the
royal or aristocratic colors.
If Mrs. Javanese is Of a radical and
daring mind. she copies the simple
conventional design that she sees on
a Europeans tourists dress or hat ana
the result is not half so pretty. But
she thinks 1t is. She Is a simple soul.
Then she paints the design in the
material on both sides with hot bees
wax and when 1t has cooled and har-
dened, dips 1t into the vegetable dye.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31
Nv ROBERT C. SKERRETT.

I By ROBERT C. SKERRETT.
TIME latest marvel in the realm
of mechanics is the gas steam
i engine, the product of an Eng
lishman, W. ]. Still. 1t is said that
this novelty is a distinct advance
even upon the Diesel motor. which it.
self was revolutionary in its effect.
In order that the man In the street
may appreciate the meaning of this
latest invention the art must be re-
viewed in a measure, taking the
Diesel motor as a basis OF compare
son. Back in 1893 Rudolph Diesel
startled the engineering fraternity by
bringing out his first oil engine, capa-
BILE of developing but Ave horsepower.
1t was not the energy of that mechan-
ism that compelled attention, but
rather the operative cycle which
Diesel employed and the develop
ments It seemed to make possible.
Until then the internal combustion
engine had depended upon either gas
or gasolene, but the Diesel cycle dem
onstrated that 1t would be entirely
practicable to use much cheaper fuels
crude oil and some of the low grade
by-products of the refineries. Also
the functional phases of the Diesel
motor materially helped along some
of the engineering problems involved
IN the employment of gasolene as a
source OF energy, while the resultant
efficieicy was proved to be potentially
much higher than when gasolene,
the dangerously explosive lighter de-
rivauve of petroleum, was used. In
short, the advent of the Diesel oil
motor assured the adoption Of the In
ternal combustion engine in spheres
where it had been held impossible so
long as gasolene had been the logical
fuel.
The Diesel motor Cor, to be more
exact, the Diesel principle) is now
providing propulsive force upon e
vast scale in many departments of
industry and elsewhere. The Diesel
cycle" characterizes the designs of
many types of internal combustion
motors, and, thanks to the ingenuity
of the German pioneer, engines capa-
bic of developing some thousands of
horse power each are doing work with
resultant economies that would be
quite out OF the question If a steam
plant were substituted.
Motor ship Now Common.
Probably In no detail of Its service
has the Diesel motor accomplished
more than for the driving Of ocean 60
ing craft. The motor driven ship has
become almost a commonplace in the
few years since the enterprising Danes
blazed the way. There are now In
active service motor ships of nearly
10000 tons dead weight-cargo vessels
capable of making more than clever
Knots and driven by machinery that
can develop 3,100 horse power.
1t is a matter of record how strik-
ingly self-suficient the motor ship is
because she can carry her liquid fue
stored away where it would be out o.
the question TO put coal and can taxi
enough OF II aboard TO enable hel
70 make a round trip Of many thou
sands OF miles without replenishment
No craft burning coal could do THU
without great sacrifice In space an(
weight, factors that have 10 be care
fully considered where the vessel Il
engaged In commerce.
In a recent paper prepared by ]. "
Morton OF the United States Shipping
Board which was read before thu
American Society of Mechanical En-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31
Javanese Won en-
Use Meth
DDS and Designs
Ha d Down
for Generations
New Process Per-
mits w as hing
Without Injury

Maullby, an artist and illustrator. has
perfected a process which makes 10
possible to batik the most delicate and
fiimsy lingerie. Up to this time artists
have been using the JavaneSe deo-
grafton on dresses, scarfs, hats, lamp
shades, curtains, theatre hangingS
furniture covers-in fact for every
thing but garments for boudoir use
The work that Miss Maullby turns out
can be washed in soap and water with
out the slightest injury to the ma
terial.
Henri, the Javanese dancer. has the
finest collection of Javanese costumes
in the United States. The illustrations
printed with this article, which were
brought from Java by this talented
pupil of Ruth st. Denis, represent
Javanese gods You will notice that
the garments they wear are batiked
according to the Javanese design.
Persian Design Best.
Most Of the artists that are doing
this designing follow the Persian de-
signs, which are less intricate and
colorful. Some Of the artists follow
the Japanese school, which conven-
tionalizes nature. Pine trees, winding
brooks, fish. birds, flowers and butter
flies, and occasionally a house or two
find their way into the design. Japa-
nese design is not all dragons and
wistaria blossom. as most people seem
to think.
Yes, thirteen hundred years ago,
Buddha in far away Java wore batilx.
And to-day, In the centre of New York,
chorus girls are shimmying in beau
tifully batiked costumes. The cos
tunes for the Greenwich Village Fol-
lies were all made by Pieter Mijer.
The costume once worn by ascetio
high priests and the gods now graces
exotic chorus girls.
Times have changed.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

- GRANDMOTHER used to put
away her old dresses, saying
- meanwhile to mother (she was
a frugal souD: This will be in
style again twenty years from now,
so III save 1t for you" And sure
enough, twenty years after mother
took from the chest in the attic the
beautiful old velvet or silk-they were
fine materials in those days-and with
a slight stitch here and there and a
little renovation wore it to the Van
derbilt for dinper. And everybody
said, Isn't that woman stunningly
gowned."
Nowadays designers aren't looking
back twenty years to see what Miss
New York will wear this winter. They
are looking back 1900 years to a fat
and mysterious Buddha perched all
along among ruins in the interior Of
Java And they are admiring the de-
sign on the bath towellike arrange
ment that Is draped around the god.
Buddha was wearing batik 1900
years ago thousands of miles from the
island Of Manhattan. Indeed there
was no island of Manhattan then. This
winter women who can afford it are
wearing batik gowns. batik hats. batik
bags, yes, even batik nighties and
teddy bears. The omniscient eye Of
the fat Buddha wrinkles as he looks.
Styles don't change in Java. ia
vanese women make all the clothing
for the family-they don't wear much
and the baby toddling around the
hut and the little girl that watches
him to see that he keeps out of the
geyser puddles and other bits OF tropi-
cal scenery and papa working in the
felds-all of them wear beautifully
batiked three piece garments.
Making batik is Just part of the or
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

Mijer they simplified the Javanese
method. AS first the unscientific idea
was that because the Javanese had
followed a certain process in making
batik for thousands of years the mod
ern artist must make it in the same
way.
But American artists learned that
silk does not have to be waxed on both
sides; that all materials, velvets, sa-
tins, linen, leather. can be batiked;
that the wax can be applied with a
brush instead of with a tjangtjing 20
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

PETER Mijer. a Dutch artist Of some
reputation, brought batik with him to
America ten years ago At first the
public would not recognize it. Pieter
Mijer was an antique dealer at the
time, repairing and reconstructing an
tique furniture. Batik was then only
his hobby. Gradually other artists took
1t up, not to make a living from it
but to furnish and beautify their
homes. They made curtains, window
hangings and tapestries of batiked
silk Under the tutelege of PETER
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

compressed air. The charge burns
evenly and generates its expansive
force smoothly during the downward
or yielding movement of the piston.
AS might be expected. a great deal of
the heat developed during this period
is absorbed by the enveloping walls
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

OF the cylinder, and is lost, as is also
the residual heat in the gases which
are forced out OF the cylinder when
the piston reverses It's stroke. Be
cause of the absorptive nature of the
cylinder walls and their tendency to
become red hot under the successive
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

power strokes OF the piston. IT is GUS
tomary to surround the combustion
cylinder with q refrigerating water
jacket.
The Jacket, OF course, draws the
heat from tho cylinder walls and the
measure of this extraction is plainly
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31

indicated in many cases by the steam
ing temperature of the water dis
from this system. In fact, IL
the water did not flow freely it would
be turned into steam and develop ex-
plosive pressures.
Liquid fuel, therefore, is wasted even
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-31
Present Popularity
of Batiked Gar
ments Prompts a
Look Backward to
a Fat and Mystic
rious God Whose
Styles till Pre-
vail in Java
By DOROTHY DAY.

- GRANDMOTHER used to put
r away her old dresses, saying
- meanwhile to mother (she was
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1919-09-26
Plan the Rebuilding
 Of Corpus Christi

Corpus Christi, Tex, Sept. 25:- Congressman Carlos Bee, representa- tive from this district, will leave Washington Saturday en route here to confer with citizens in the storm stricken area along. the South Texas coast concerning rehabilitation plans, according to word received today by Mayor Gordon Boone. Representa- tive Bee will come as the representa- tive of the entire Texas congressional delegation to take up the question of possible federal aid in rebuilding port facilities at Port Aransas and Corpus Christi which were swept away by the storm and other matters in which the people of this section and the government have common ln- terest.
 The various civilian and military relief organizations report decided improvement in the food and housing situation within the past "A hours. Practically all of the homeless have been provided with shelter and food and ample hospital facilities have been obtained for relief purposes.
 Gas for fuel purposes is now avail able in all parts of the city and work is being rushed on an emergency electric plant to supply electricity for street lighting and power for essen- tial industries.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1919-09-26
AD CLUB WILL MAKE
 INTENSIFIED STUDY OF PRESS AND WINDOWS
Committee is Chosen to Make Survey of Advertising
 Here,

An intensified study of newspaper and window display advertising will be made by the Pine Bluff Ad club, and at the semi-monthly meeting held yesterday noon at the Hotel Pines, a committee composed of A. G. Whidden, Roy Kemp, and Tom Grove, to, be known as ''better business committed" was appointed for the purpose of making classi- fication of newspaper ads and win dow cards for the purpose of point ing out defects and good points of specific advertisements.
 The manufacturers Week was de- clared to be success by members of the club, who stated they based their judgments on expressions voiced by various manufacturers. At the sug. gestion of J. w. Andrews, com mittee was appointed to gather opln- ions from different manufacturers and publish them in the newspapers. This committee was named by the president as follows: Fred Vining, J. w. Andrew, and Gordon Freeman. The club yesterday unanimously en- dorsed President Wilson in his fight for the ratification of the treaty of peace and league of nations clause, and a resolution will be prepared by Jack Bernhardt, president of the club and sent to President Wilson when he arrives in Little Rock.
 New members admitted to mem- bership were: Dick Knox, J. Char les White, H. c. Couch, Felix Smart, Carl AE. Hing, and c. c. Brewster.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1919-09-26
M'CkMN0N DRUG STOCK SOLD 10 RElNnEnGER
 AND COLLIER STORE
Deal, Which Involves S15,0O0, Terminates Career of Old
 Firm Here.

The McCammon drug store, 316 Main, pursuant to decision to go out of business after being at the same stand for 36 years, announced yesterday the sale of the entire stock. valued at about S15,000, to Reinber- ger & Golfer at Fourth and Main, Included in the sale are the formulas for Dr. McEammon's medicines. The retirement of this firm from busi- ness came after decision to that eff feet by the. owner, Mrs. Ada McCam- mon. Mrs. McCammon's plans are indefinite, but it is believed she will leave Pine Bluff to make her home in one of the Western states.
 McCammon and Sons is one of the oldest drug stores in the state. For the past 36 years, the store has been doing business at the same stand at 316 Main. During this time, an envia- ble reputation has been made for the store, and the fame of some of the presentations handled by this firm is statewide The transaction in which Reinberger X Collier becomes pos sessor of the entire stock of McCam- mons will be immediate, and as soon as the stock is removed from the old stand to the new owners, the stand vacated by McCammon's will be taken by the Froug company for the estab- 1 lishn1ent of a shoe department. This announcement was made last night by l.. Froug, head of Froug's, who said he would establish shoe store, separate from the Froug company establishment.
 The purchase of the stock of Me- Cammcn's, added to the full line now carried by Reinberger < Collier will make that store one of the most com
 pletely stocked drug stores in the state, it is said.