Weekly journal-miner., 1919-12-03
PROGRAM OF ARMY IS
 OUTLINED
By Associated FressD

TOT IullQdllGUldl IGOIS ISdIlLdIlOn or lle army and of the war department it. self, Secretary Baker declared today in his annual report He recom- mended that the emergency organiza- ton, reduced to the peace-time size, be made permanent, and approved the general staff bill for a regular es- tablishment adequate in size to be the nucleus of any great military mobilization the country may be call ed upon to made" and backed up by a system of universal training.
 Tn such a policy" MT. Baker said, 'the accent is upon the citizen and not the soldier; the officers becoming a permanent corps of experts and the men a body temporarily devoting portion of their time to military training in order that they may enter civil life with a sense of national service and with superior equipment for success"
 It is difficult to believe" he said, denying any danger of militarism, that an army could be formed of Americans, educated in our common schools, raised in the free and demo- cratic atmosphere of our institutions, which would still be hostile to those institutions and liberties. The World war has shown quite clearly that arm ies reflect the spirit of the people from whom they come rather than create a spirit of their own, so that the size of the army is not so import ant from the point of view now under consideration as the kind of an army"
 The selective service law was ac- cepted as a fair means of assigning men to military service in time of war, MT. Baker said, but compulsory service in time of peace would be "a poor substitute for the volunteer principle properly applied" Raising a standing army by financial induce ment is too costly to contemplate, he added, leaving only the method of making enlistment in the army an educational opportunity" to furnish the troops.
 The recommendations for an in creased army, he declared, should not be taken to indicate a disinclination toward the prospect of disarmament |
 The plan recommended, Mir Baker said, looks to the establishment of systems of schools teaching the formal branches of education and adding to them the skilled trades, so that at the end of term Of enlist 1 ment, the young man entering Ill his l 18th year will go back to civil life | with the physical set-up which the open, athletic life of the army gives, | and with the education and training | which will make him more valuable | in civil pursuits than he could other | wise have been." Social and recrea- | tional opportunities also must be sup piled, he said, so that the graduate | from the army Twill bring back with him the social virtues which result | from education of mind and hand ac- quired Ill an envoronment made stim- ulating by the presence of a high pur- pose and sense of service, and gen. erous association with his fellows"
 The military policy recommended | by the war department, therefore, in | wolves q new army created with a new spirit, having wide civic usefulness, | and of such size and organization as to be an adequate reliance in case of | need" the report said.
 MT. Baker said the operations in | France would be dealt with i'll the | special report being prepared by Gen eral Pershing. Not even the allied | war council, he said, had realized the effect upon Germany of the accelerat- ed movement of troops and supplies from the United States, and all plans lad been prepared for a vigorous campaign in the spring of 1919.
 Had not the great troop move ment of the summer of 1918 been car ried out" he said, "the practically continuous battle on the western front from March to November would not have been possible. The saying to the world in thus shortening the war Is incalculable alike in life and treas ure"
 The text of the initial order to Gen. eral Pershing which is quoted, shows he was instructed to keep the Amer iCan army "a separate and distinct component of the combined forces, the identity oi which must be pre- served" The method of co-opera- ton with the Allies was left to his discretion and, Mir Baker added, that the authority thus conferred was never in any particular modified or diminished"
 MT. Baker opposes creation of department of the air because of the unGeveloped state of the indusry, ne cessitating federal regulation" as well as because of military considera- tions. It would be just as fatal to separate forces from the army, he maintained.
 Since June 30, 1918, the report shows, 1t has been found necessary, 10 use federal troops on 16 separate occasions to preserve law and order. The incidents listed range from In dustrial Workers of the World activ- ities in Arizona to recent movements in the coal fields.
 RIG CHTEp nEAT