The sun., 1919-07-02

to the great Powers, either individually /
or In combination, a tight to interfere
In the internal constf -tion Of the states ,
affected which could be used for political |
purposes
Under the new system the guarantee !
is entrusted to the League of Nations. !
The clauses dealing with this guarantee !
have been carefully drafted so as to
make It clear that Poland will not be |
in any way under the tutelage of those |
Powers who are signatories to the
treaty.
81 should desire, moreover, to point |
out to you that provision has been In !
serted In the treaty by which disputes |
arising out of its provisions may be
brought before tho court OF the League ,
of Nations. In this way differences
which might arise will DO removed from
tho political sphere and placed In the
hands of a judicial court. and II Is
hoped that thereby an impartial decision
will be facilitated, while at the same
time any danger Of political Interior |
ences by the Powers In the internal
affairs Of Poland will be avoided.
"Four-The particular provisions TO
which Poland and the other States Will
be asked to adhere differ to some ex-
tent from those which were imposed on
the new States at the Congress of Ber-
lin. But the obligations imposed upon
all times varied with the particular
circumstances"
Dealing with New situation.
Premier Clemenceau here pointed out
| That obligations with regard TO the Bel
gian provinces were undertaken by the
Netherlands in 1914, when these prov
| inces were annexed that when the king
dom OF Greece was established II was
determined that Its Government could
| be both monarchical and constitutional
and that Greece when she annexed Thes-
sally accepted a stipulation that the lives.
property. honor. religion and customs OF
| the Inhabitants should be respected and
| all their rights protected. He continued
| The situation with which the Powers
have now to deal is new, and experience
has shown that new provisions are
necessary. The territories now being
transferred both to Poland and to other
States inevitably include large popula-
ton speaking languages and belonging
to races different from that Of the people
with whom they will be incorporated.
Unfortunately. the races have been es-
tranged by long years Of bitter hostili-
ties. 1t 10 believed that these popula-
| lions will be more easily reconciled TO
their new position IL they know that
from the very beginning they have as
Isured protection and adequate guaran-
tees against any danger of unjust treat
ment or oppression. The very knowledge
that these guarantees exist, will, 1t Is
hoped. materially help the reconciliation
which all desire. and will. indeed. do
much to prevent the necessity of its
enforcement
| "Five-To turn to the individual
clauses Of the present treaty. Article
Ia guarantees TO all Inhabitants those
elementary rights which are, as mat
ter of fact, secured in every civilized
State. Clauses Z to are designed TO
insure that all the genuine residents in
the territories now transferred TO Po-
jlIsh sovereignty shall, in fact, be as
sured of the full privileges of citizenship.
Article and s. which are in accordance
with precedent, provide against any dis
Termination against those Polish citizens
who by their religion, their language, or
by their race differ from the large mass
of the Polish population. 1t ls under
stood that, far from raising any objec-
ton to the manner of the articles. the
Polish Government have already, of
Their own accord, declared their firm
intention of ba-sing their institutions
on the cardinal principles enunciated
therein.
THE following articles are of a rather
different nature in that they provide
special privileges to certain groups of
hese minorities.
"Six-Clauses 10 and IL deal specif-
Ically with the Jewish citizens of Poland
The information at the disposal Of the
principal allied and associated Powers
as to the existing relations between the
Jews and the other Polish citizens has
led them to the conclusion that. in view
OF the historical Development OF the Jew
ab ia
aroused by it. special protection is neces-
sary for the Jews in Poland. These
clauses have been limited to the mini
lmum which seems necessary under the
circumstances Of the present day. viz,
1.-THE maintenance OF Jewish schools and
1.-The protection of the Jews in the re-
lllgious Observance of their Sabbath.
Il ut is believed that these stipulations
will not create any obstacle to the polt!-
cal unity of Poland. They do not consti-
Itute any recognition of the Jews as a
separate political community within the
Polish State. The educational provl-
sions contain nothing beyond what Is. in
fact, provided in these educational in
sttutions of many highly organized
modern States. There Is nothing incon
sistent with the sovereignty OF the State
in recognizing and supporting schools in
which children shall be brought UP In
; the religious influences TO which they
are accustomed in their home. Ample
safeguards against any one of non
Polish language to encourage a spirit OF
national separation have been provided
in the express acknowledgment that
the provisions Of this treaty do not pre-
vent the Polish State from making the
, Polish language obligatory in all its
schools and educational institutions.
In Part 7 of his letter Premier Glenn
, enceau deals with the economic clauses
, of the treaty such as freedom OF transit
, and Polands adhesion to certain inter.
! national conventions, and points out that
. the Powers have not been actuated 10y
! any desire to secure special commercial
advantages for themselves. He adds
, ''In conclusion, l desire to express tc
: you on behalf of the allied and asso-
q ciated Powers the very sincere satisfac.
, ton which they feel at the reestablish.
4 ment of Poland as an important State
a They cordially welcome the Polish ma.
r ton on its reentry into the family OF
|. nations They recall the great services
: which the ancient Kingdom of Poland
( rendered to Europe both in public ar
I fairs and by its contributions to the
n progress of mankind. which is the com
e mon work of all civilized nations They
/. believe that the voice of Poland will ado
e to the wisdom OF their common delibera
;. lions in the cause of peace and harmony
= that its influence will be used to further
e the spirit OF liberty and Justice both II
3 Internal and external affairs. and tina
a thereby IT will help in the work o
i reconciliation between the nations which