Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1919-06-17
A STUDY IN FUTILITY
Being Review Of the High Points Of
American Failure to Meet the
Mexican Problem Adequately
DBNBwAL Of TIE dlnoultics along The

- Mericdn border makes timelB a revieto
! OF the euents in the relations bettceen the
| United States aud Merico during the last
decade. The record is bound to hare addi-
tions in the near future, so 10 is put in com =
| pendioas form for readers ioho toish to fol-
loo the course of events with Intelligence
and understanding.
| December 1. 1910 - Porfirio rfaz In
| augurated president for an eighth term of
| four years. Revolt begun under Francisco
| Madero against continuance of his iron rule
April 23, 1911 - Under apprehension OF
| United States Intervention, atmstce ar
| ranged
May IS, 1911-Peace proclaimed basis
| of Diaz's resignation. De la Barra president
| ad interim.
October 15. 1911-Madero chosen "unani-
mously" at free election" at which only
| 10000 votes were cast. Gomez. Oroczo and
! Zapata begin revolts.
| March IA. 1912-President Taft approves
resolution Of Congress prohibiting export of
arms and ammunition into Mexico except to
| Madero government
! February s, 1913-Victoriano Huerta, COM
| mander-in-chief of Madero forces. deserts to
| governments enemies. Fighting in Mexico
| City. Madero and Vice President Pine
| Suarez arrested forced to resign and a few
| days later shot and killed under the "fugi-
| tive law" Huerta becomes provisional pres
| ident.
March 26 1918 - venustlano Carranza,
| governor of state of Coahula, denounces
| Huerta and proclaims plan Of Guadalupe"
| Becomes first chief of Constitutionalist army.
| Begins operations in northern Mexico. Fran
| cisco Villa leads poems into Carranza's sup
| port
July, 1913-President Wilson appoints John
| Lind former governor of Minnesota,
| special investigator and personal representa-
! tive.
August 81 1s13-President Wilson explains
TO Congress he had sent Lind to extend good
offices of this country. Said Mexican authori-
ties had rejected overtures, he had ex-
tended embargo on arms to the whole of
Mexico.
October, 1913-Huerta commits coup dctat
arresting members of Mexican Congress and
assumes dctatorial powers
November IL, 1913-Lnd leaves Mexico
City.
December 2, 19l3-President Wilson In ad-
dress to Congress denounces Huerta as
usurper and declares he will stand by policy
| Of watchful waiting" to eliminate him from
power.
April 9, 1914-BoatIoad Of sailors from
United States gunboat Dolphin placed under
| arrest at Tampico by Mexican federal troops
Immediately released and Huerta expresses
regret. Rear Admiral Mayo demands salute
OF twenty-one guns, which Huerta refuses
unless the United States would return the
compliment, maintaining that release of men
| and apology were sufficient. United States
insists demand.
April IA, 1914-North Atlantic fleet ordered
/ to Tampico. and on the following day Ad-
miral Fletcher, orders, occupies Vera
! Cruz with loss of nineteen killed and fifty
| wounded Mexican losses being much greater.
| April 20, 1914-President Wilson in address
! to Congress says he deemed it his duty ito
insist that the flag OF the United States
should be saluted in such a way as to indi-
| cate a new spirit and attitude the part of
the Huertstas."
April 22 19l4-(songress, at Presidents re-
quest, votes consent to the armed forces
of the United States "in such ways and to
such an extent as mightsbe necessary to
obtain from General Huerta and his ad-
herents the fullest recognition of the rights
| and dignity of the United States"
April %, 1914-Huerta issues general am
| nesty and Carranza protests to Secretary
| Bryan against "hostile acts of the United
States" Same day ambassadors of Argen-
tina, Brazil and Chile tender mediation, which
is accepted.
April 80, O,.1914-General Funston, with 5000
regulars, occupies Vera Cruz sailors return.
ing TO their ships.
May 20 19l4-"A B c" mediators meet at
Niagara Falls.
June IA, 1914-ProtocoI signed providing
that new government, constituted by agree
ments between Mexican factions, should be
recognized by the United States, which should
demand no war indemnity or other material
satisfaction
July 3, 1914-Huerta elected" president.
July 15, 1914-Huerta resigns under
| pressure of the United States, leaving Mexico
five days later on German warship. Make
| shift government formed with Carbajal at
| head. Carranza refuses to recognize this gov
.enment. Villa and zapata support him.
| Fighting continues, first one faction and then
| another occupying Mexico City.
September Is, 1914-Presidert Wilson
| orders withdrawal of United States troops
| from Vera Cruz
November 23, '9l4 - Withdrawal accom-
| plished.
August s, 1915 South American repre-
sentatives confer with Secretary Lansing to
| consider Mexican situation.
! August IL. 1915-A joint appeal dispatched
! TO leaders of Mexican factions
| September IS, 1915-Lansing and conferees
| agree that United States shall recognize as
| de facto government faction which at the end
| Of three weeks best demonstrates its ability
| to maintain order.
| october 9, 1915-Carranza decided to be
| entitled to such recognition
October 10, 19l5-Carranza formally rec
| ognized.
March 9. 19l6-vila attacks Columbus,
| New Mexico
! March is, 19l6-United States sends "pu-
nitive" expedition across Mexican border
after Villa, General Pershing in command
May 5, 1916-Bandts from Mexico raid
| Glenn Springs, Tex, Troops pursue them ,2O
| miles across border without result
| May %, 1916-Caranza government pro-
tests against the violation of Mexican SOW
| ereignty by Pershing's expedition.
| June s.. 1916-Republican National Con-
| yention protests against cthe indefensble
methods of interference" employed by the
| administration "in the internal affairs of
| Mexico" and refers with shame" to its per-
| hitting existing conditions to continue by
| failure to act promptly and firmly" and
| through recognition of one Of the factions re-
| sponsible.
| June 20. 1sfe-United States formally re-
fuses to withdraw troops.
! June 22, 1516-Detachment of United
| states troops attacked by Mexican troops at
| Carrlzal, and seventeen made prisoners after
| several had been killed on both sides.