Arizona republican., 1919-09-05
WILSON'S TREATY VIEWS As Told by Himself in Two Impromptu Addresses


 sure that we are going to make it clear to them that we have not for gotten the violation of Belgium; that we have no. forgotten the intolerable wrong which were put upon that suff- ering people. l have seen their dew astated country. Where it was not actually laid in ruins. every factory was gutted of it's contents; all the machinery by which it would be pos stble for men to go to work again was taken away, and those parts of the machinery that they could not take away were destroyed by expertsa who knew now to destroy them.
 Detine Article Ten
 Belgium vas very successful competitor )f Germany in some lines Of manufacture and the German arm ies were sent there to see to it that that competition was put stop to. Their purpose was to crush the inde- pendent action of that little kingdom rot merely to use it as a gateway through whien to attack France When they got into France they not only fought the armies of France but they put the coal mines of France out of commission, so that it will be decade or more before France can supply her. self with coal from her accustomed sources.
 You have heard great deal about article ten of the covenant of the league of nations. Article 10 speaks the con science of the world. Article 10 is the article which goes to the heart of this whole bad business, for that article says that the members of this league @.* ' and that is intended to be all the great nations of the world en- gage to resist and to presrve against all external aggression the territorial integrity and political independence of the nations concerned. That promise is necessary in order to prevent this sort of war recurring and we are ab- solutely discredited if we fought this war and then neglected the essential safeguard against it.
 Would Maintain Sovereignty
 You have heard it said, my fellow citizens, that we are robbed of some degree of our sovereign, independent choice, by articles of that sort. Every man who makes choice to respect the rights of his neighbors, deprives him. self of absolute sovereignty, but he does it by promising never to do wrong and l cannot for one, see anything that robs me of any inherent right that 1 ought to retain, when I promise that I will do right.
 We engage. in the first sentence of article 10, to respect and preserve from external aggression, the territorial in- tegrity and the existing political inde- pendence, not only of the other member states, but of all states, and if any member of the league of nations dis regards that promise, then what hap pens? The council of the league ad- vises what should be done to enforce the respect for that covenant, on the part of that nation attempting to vio- late it. And there is no cou1pulsion upon us to take that advice ex- cept the compulsion of our good con science and judgment. So that 1t is perfectly evident that if, in the judg- ment of the people of the United States, the council adjudged wrong. and that this was not an occasion for the use of force, there would be no ne- cessity on the part of the congress of the United States to vote the use of force. But there could be no advice of the council on any subject, without unanimous vote, and the unanimous vote would include our own. And if we accepted the advice we would be accepting our own advice. For I need not tell you that the representatives of the government of the United States would not vote without instructions from their government at home and that what we united in advising we could be certain that our people would desire to do.
 There is in that covenant not one note of surrender of the independent judgment of the United States, but an expression of it, because that indepen- dent judgment would have to join with the judgment of the rest.
 But when is that judgment going to be expressed, my fellow citizens? Only after it is evident that every other resource has failed. And I want to call your attention to the central machinery of the league of nations If any mem Der of that league, or any nation not a member. refuses to submit the question at issue, either to arbitration or to dis cussion by the council. there ensues. automatically, by the engagements of this covenant, an absolute economic boycott There will be no trade with that nation by any members of the league; there will be no interchange of communication by post or telegraph: {: there will be no travel to or from that nation: it's borders will be closed; no citizen of any other state will be a1- | lowed to enter it and no one of it's citf- zens will be allowed to leave it It will be dramatically sealed by the united action of the most powerful na- tions in the world. and if this economic boycott bears with unequal weight the members of the league agree to sup port one another and to relieve one another in any exceptional disadvan- tages that may arise out of it.
 And I want you to realize that this war was not won not only by the ar mics of the world, but it was won by economic means as we'll Without the economic means the war would have been much longer continued. What happened was that Germany was shut off from the economic resources of the rest of the globe and she could not stand it; and nation that is boycotted is a nation that is in sight of surrender Apply this economic peaceful silent. deadly remedy and there will be no need for force
 Arbitration Instead of War
 'It is a terrible remedy. It does moi cost life outside the nation boycotted but it brings a pressure upon that na- l tion which, in my judgment, no modern nation could resist.
 T dare say that some of those ideas are new to ou, because while it is true 2