davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-09-28
Lotteries and State Debts.

NANCE. a cable despatch tells US,
= is considering paying off her
large war debt by means of a
lottery. The proposal was advanced
in the Chamber OF Deputies by NJ.
Labroue, who attributes the origin of
the idea to Signor Luzzatti, financial
expert of the Italian Peace Mission.
Lotteries always have made a great
appeab-~t6SSSeesaiO SNf. Ll0ttRa aaSSsDt.
They are far easier to operate among
Latins than direct or even high in
direct taxation. Latins do not like to
pay taxes, but If instead of turning
over their money as an enforced gift
they run the chance of getting It back
multiplied many times they part with
1t easily.
The best proof of the money making
possibilities Of the lottery may be seen
In the interest taken in the discussion
of 1t. Americans OF a short genera
tons recollection will not need to be
reminded what an army of confirmed
lottery patrons there were when the
old Louisiana Lottery was running.
England has tried in her very moral
way to compromise with the lottery
idea in her Victory Loan, calling the
bonds premium bonds" The pre-
miums" were too small, however. and
the fact that the loan was really a
The sun., 1919-09-28

has preceded him to America, manage
to impress these views upon the Gov
eminent and the people Of America,
his mission will not have been In vain.
The life and death Of Belgium de-
pend upon it's success.
No reference to the visit Of the
Belgian rulers would be complete
without a few brief words about their
first born, the Duke of Brabant, who
has accompanied them to America,
where. according to present arrange
ments, he will spend his eighteenth
birthday, thereby attaining his legal
majority. Assuredly no lad. royal or
otherwise, has received such an ex-
traordinary education, which has ma
tured him far beyond his years. For
the period OF the great war was spent
by him, partly at the historic English
college Of Elton. and partly in the front
line trenches. rifle in hand. servins
as a private in the ranks, and oon-
stantly under the heaviest German
fire. The King and Queen arc pas
sionately devoted to their boy. But
with that herolsm. and spirit OF SELF
sacrifice which won for them the ad-
lllIdllOH u INC enIlT6 WOrlQ curing
the great conflict, they did not coa-
slider that they had any right to spare
the lad from those perils and hard
ships which so many other Belgian
boys were undergoing in the defence
of their beloved country, and Of the
honor Of the Belgian flag. During tho
first two years of the war, only his
school holidays were spent on the bat
tie front in Flanders. After that, he
declined absolutely to remain any
longer at Elton, while his countryman
were fighting, and continued to serva
in the trenches and in the final ad-
vance against the enemy untIl the
conclusion of the armistice. And now
his father, who has never forgotten
the advantages which he derived from
the months which he spent touring in
the United States. under an incognito.
Just twenty-one years ago, has ar
ranged to put the finishing touches
upon the education OF his heir ~ .
tour in America.
The sun., 1919-09-28

lottery was too we'll disguised 10 pSr-
NIT of success. thereby spelling a good
loan, making a poor gambling propo-
sition and failing to clear more than
a third OF the floating debt.
The French hope to do better. BY
making the country frankly into q ma
tional gambling house, the Govern
ment permitting no other forms OF
gambling, they hope to put the coun-
tEziais9'- S q saDpA S2sncIaI bsSis. They
intend to make national finance Into
a game and make restoring bankrupt
France a pleasure, France has no 70
formers to frown. II the scheme D.
rejected it will not be ON moral
grounds.
Lotteries for raising public funds are
not unusual In Central and South
America, and every now and then an
alert postal authority brings to light
the fact that many a subscriber lives
north OF the Rio Grande.
1t brought a shock to many Lon
doners when somebody informed them
that Westminster Bridge was built
from the proceeds OF a lottery. Then
somebody dug up the fact that away
back In 1886 Parliament Incorporated
lottery through which was raised
the money with which the beginnings
were made toward establishing -
British Museum.
The sun., 1919-09-28

KING. QUEEN snoC HEIR THRONE. on a
AVIATION FIELD.

of King Alberts visit to the United
States. AS pointed out with eloquence
by Cardinal MERCER, in Germany every
factory chimney is now belching forth
smoke, every industry is in active OPP
GRAFTON, every mine swarming with
toilers. while foreign shipping, much of
1t American, is daily entering German
ports freighted with raw materials
purchased not by means Of cash but
through long credits readily granted
here and in other Entente countries
But in Belgium there is no smoke, be-
cause the Germans wrecked the Chin
neys before retreating. There is no
mining, because the Germans have
flooded the mines and destroyed the
machinery. The ruins of the factories
and of the blast furnaces bear an as
pect of death and Of desolation, be-
cause the machinery has been carried
off into Germany; because there is no
money available for reconstruction and
reshipment; and above all because the
Entente nations refuse to accord to
Belgian industry the same long term
credit that they accorded to Germany.
In conversation with some of the lead
ing financiers of New York the all alb
sorbing theme of their talk was the
necessity of building up Germany"
They were all of them intensely patri-
otto Americans each of whom had rem
dered splendid service to their country
during the war. Yet they were bent
on building up" again that very Ger
many, for the destruction of whose
insane ambitions for the economic and
consequently the political supremacy
of the world the great war was un-
dertaken by the Powers of the En-
tente. Would it not be more polite
and above all more right and just to
devote our attention to the building
up" of Belgium in an economic sense
rather than to the reconstruction of
that monstrous German Frankenstein
to the destruction of which we sacri-
hced so many millions Of precious lives
and such untold billions or treasure?
II King Albert can with the assist
ance OF his fascinating consort, and
with the help OF Cardinal MERCER. who
The sun., 1919-09-28

the cause of the Entente, is so intol-
cradle that It cannot be any longer
endured. For as long as Holland is
permitted to retain the absolute and
exclusive sovereignty not alone of
the banks, but also OF the waters OF
the lower reaches OF the Scheldt and
Of the northern third Of the Ter
neuzen Canal, ready to shut them off
at any moment, she retains a strange
hold upon the trade and industry OF
Belgium.
Belgium Robbed of LimburG. =
Then there is the question of Linn
burg, which, prior to the Treaty OF
Vienna, formed part of Belgium. The
Congress of Vienna, in the most arbi-
trary fashion. awarded the whole of
Belgium and Limburg to King Will
lam /. of the Netherlands. When
the Belg1ans revoited against his
misrulo in 1880. and won their inde-
pendence the Limburgers, like the
people Of Luxembourg, sided with the
Belgians, and we're represented for a
time in the Belgian Parliament at
Brussels. But at the subsequent Con-
gross of tR@ C;featSfowers on the
subject of Belgium. the intrlgues of
the then King Frederick William III.
Of Prussia in behalf Of his kinsman,
the King Of Holland. prevailed, and
Limburg, and Luxembourg were arbi-
trarily awarded by the Great Powers
to the Netherlands, without any re-
gard TO the protests OF the popula-
lions. The southern portion of Linn
burg forms an enclave between Ger
man and Belgian territory. which in
places is so narrow not more than
i've miles wide-that the Neither
lands Government has recognized
the impossibility of defending it from
my attack from the east. She was
not even able to maintain it's neu.
rality during the great war, through
7nt which it was violated nearly every
hour in the twenty-four by Germany,
who traversed II with troopA NUM-
The sun., 1919-09-28

to- admit of seagoing shipping reach
ing Client, the Dutch and smaller por-
ton thereof has>been permitted to SILT
up, and to diminish in depth, so as to
prevent any vessels, save those of the
highest tonnage, from making their
way up to that city.
The Belgians had been led by the
Powers OF the Entente to believe that
they would be awarded all that por-
ton of Dutch territory to the south
of the Scheldt which is cut off from
the kingdom of the Netherlands by
the river. That wouei have placed
the entire stretch of the Terneuzen
Canal from its northern outlet down
to Client under her dominion, aud
would have given her, at any rate,
joint control with Holland Of the
mouth of the Scheldt, a river which
is the principal artery of her trade.
The award to her Of this territory
would have been an appropriate recog-
milton OF the magnificent service she
rendered to the cause of the Entente.
1t would have been a just retribution
inflicted by the AllieF upon Holland
for her unfriendly attitude throughout
the war. aAS-
But there was procrastination on
the part of the peace conference at
Paris. The cosideration of the rights
and needs Of Belgium was altogether
unduly delayed. and whereas at tbs
time Of the signing Of the armlstice
Holland would have been willing to
make any territorial sacrifice in the
hope of averting the vengeance OF
the Entente, which she feared, the
eleven months that have passed since
then have to such an extent allayed
her apprehensions and encouraged her
insolence that she now actually re-
fuses to consider any plan for the
naturalization of the lower reaches
OF the Scheldt and for the improve
ment of the navigation either Of that
river or of the Terneuzen Canal. The
position in which Belgium, therefore
now finds herself, after all the cruel
sacrifices which she has made for
The sun., 1919-09-28

a German invasion. That southern
enclave of Dutch Hmburg constitutes
the back door of Germany into Bel
glum. The key thereof should be in
the hands Of King Albert.
That Is not the sole object and aim
The sun., 1919-09-28

mands for her future safety, that at
any rate this southern portion of
Limburg-a province in which less
than 40 per cent. are Dutch-should
be coded to her, in order that she may
be able to protect her now entirely
undefended eastern frontier against
any repetition Of the frightfulness of
The sun., 1919-09-28

tons, and supplies of every kind,
and who was able after her defeat,
to escape unhindered across this por-
ton of Dutch territory. with baggage,
guns. cattle and all the plumber car
ried of from Belgium. Belgium de-
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
Miami Copper Shows
Surplus for 1913
Company, However, Cuts Divi-
dend Disbursements Almost
in Half

On production Of 5s,4o7,563
pounds Of copper the Miami Copper
Company reports a surplus for 1918
of S1,900,4O7. This compares with
s1,595,591 deficit for the preceding
year. Total income of s14446,7 704
was considerably larger than that for
1917. Expenses amounted to S8,727,-
534, leaving a net of S5,719,170. Bal
ance applicable for dividends was
S5.262, ,420, against S4,94i ,636 for the
year before. The company during
the year cut the dividend disburse-
ments almost in half A distribution
of s3,362,013 was paid to the stock
holders, compared with $6,537,227 in
1917.
The report to stockholders said in
part: "The result of the years
operations has been satisfactory and
both mine and mill are in a position
to continue production at the rate
reached during the period. At the
end of the year about 45 per cent of
the original high grade reserves of
the property had been extracted Up
to date, however, mining has included
g very considerable proportion of the
lower grade ore from the Captain ore
body, which was also high in oxidized
copper content"
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
New Discount Ruling
Made bv Reserve Board

WASHINGTON, April 16.-The Fed
eral Reserve Board ruled to-day that
under g recent amendment to the re-
serve act Federal Reserve banks may
rediscount for national or state mem
Der banks up TO 20 per cent Of capital
and surplus paper representing loans
to single borrower from the member
bank, providing the excess above 10
per cent is secured by a like face
amount of Liberty bonds or certiii-
Gates of Indebtedness.
The ruling, of special Importance to
state banks. provides that if state
institution has extended credit in the
regular line Of business above the 10
per cent limit prevailing before the
amendment, nevertheless paper up to
20 per cent representing loans to a
single borrower may be rediscounted
when the entire amount is secured by
the government obligations. This rule
applies only to December 81, 1920.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
Illinois Central Earned
1902 Per Cent in 1918

Surplus earnings OF s1O,e56,7o2 were
reported for 1913 by the Illinois Gen.
tral Railroad in its pamphlet report is
sued yesterday. This balance was equiv
alent to 1902 per cent or the sl09,-
284,391 capital stock, compared with
1889 per cent earned il. 1917.
Charles A. Peabody, president, stated
in the company's report that of the s16,-
282,373 standard return fixed by tho
government only S3,225,0 900 had been re-
ceived up to the end Of the year. Reve-
nues that accrued prior to January /,
1918. but which were included IN last
years report under instruction Of
me Interstate Commerce Commission
swelled the government compensation to
S17,147,326.
Stockholders q the annual meeting
in Chicago yesterday. ratified the action
of the directors in accepting the govern
raent contract.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
Sale Of Liberty Motors Soon

WASHINGTON. April l6.-Ore thou
sand new Liberty motors. ordered for
the armv mir service hnfore tie cessa-
ton of hostilitics and which are not
needed now. VIII be placed or sale
shortly by the sales and salvage sec
tion Of the service. The motors are
twelve-cylinder wee type. hve-inch bore.
seven-nch stroke of 400 horsepower,
at 1,700 revolutions q minute.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17

S. Bywater. Of F. s. smithers & Co.
has been elected a director OF the valvo-
line Oil Company.
The Peoples Trust Company OF Brook
lyn has certified that it has increased It's
capital from $1,000 600 TO $500. 900
". T. Newell. formerly with J. r
Wiliston & Co. has become associated
with c. I. Hudson & Co.
The protective committee which has
served IN the interest Of the bondholders
Of the Rhode Island Suburban Railway
Company announces that = has consented
to serve in the same capacity for the
boncholders Of the Pawruxet Valley Elec-
trlc Street Railway Company and the
Cumberland Street Railway Company.
J. y. Marshall has been appointed man
aser Of the branch office Of Logan &
Bryan in Virginia.
Edward H. Ga-cian. president o, the
has been elected director of the Gotham \
National Bank OF New York. succeeding
the late Thomas Kelly
The si.ooo,Ooo per cent serial gold
notes OF CASTOR, Williams &, !gnore
Inc, maturing Tuesday. have been paid
THIS leaves 81 600. 600 outstanding Of an
original $4,000, 600 issue.
The Mercantile Trust and Deposit Com
pa ny. beginning April II. VIII act az
transfer agent for the stock OF the Adams
Express Company.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
MEETINGS
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF
HELEN KELLER FILM CORE

THE ANNUAL MEETING OF the stock
holders of this Company Will be held on the
LIST day Of May 1919. at II o'clock IN ths
forenoon at the offace OF the corporation, IeT
West %3rd St. New York City. New York,
for the purpose OF eecting a board OF direc-
tors, two inspectors TO serve at all elections
OF stockholders during the ensuing year and
acting upon the reports of the officers and
for the transaction OF sich other businesa a 4
may properly come befors the meeting
CHARLES KINGSLEY TANEHACSER
Dated Anril sth. 1919
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
Curb Market

\ Note--The Tribune ass,r,os -,o -,
ptty for the accuracy or autb,n4cit, ,espomsi 81
,in ,ildshel quotations. Transactions and -rir.o
Yesterday were a. follows: anu prices
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
FINANCIAL

FINANCIAI--OFFICE MANAGER. con-
RESPONDENT. STATISTICAL DEPT.
MARKET LETTERS. ADVERTISING.
PERfENCE; WOULD CONNECT wITfS
PROGRESSIVE WALL STREET HOUSE.
PRODUCER. BON IL, TRIBUNE OFFICE.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
Consolidated Exchange

| Unit of trade on this exchange, 10 shares !
transactions and prices yesterday for the
more aetive shares follow.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
Bonds
Bonds

Following is complete record of all
transactions in bonds on the New York
Stock Exchange yesterday:
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
Bid and Asked
Quotations
The following table gives the closing

8 s 7
bid and asked quotations for stocks
listed on the New York Stock Exchange
but not traded in yesterday:
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
Record of Stock and Bond Averages
Copyright. 1919. New York Tribune Inc)
Yesterdays Transactions in Listed Stocks

rate also in do,Iar.
basedon on transactions
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
Wall Street Items

S. Bywater. Of F. S. Smithers & Co.
has been elected a director OF the Valvo-
line Oil Company.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17

W T. Newell. formerly with T. r.
WilIiston Co. has become associated
with {. I. Hudson & Co.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17

The Peoples Trust Company OF Brook
lyn has certified that 1t has increased It's
capital from $1,000, 600 10 sl.20O 600.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17

J. Marshall has been appointed man
ager Of the branch offics Of Logan &
Bryan in Virginia.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17

Sales of Liberty bonds on the New York
stock Exchange carry interest 70 the date Of
sale and the seller receives this interest IN
addition 20 the sale price
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17

served IN the interest Of the bondholders
Of the Rhode Island Suburban Railway
COnlDHnV arnn.1rnes that has Sc, Z, l..
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17

U S Liberty Cd { "a
November 1927-42
20. 900. 1856
50, 900. ..... So. SO
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17
Liberty Issues

Approximate Investment yield {.
closing New York Stock t.xchnnze price.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-17

- II w saII-T q DdT-TE I0T III
bondholders Of the Pawtuxet Valley Elec-
trio Street Railway Company and the
Cumberland Street Railway Company.
The Marietta journal. (Marietta, Ga.) 1918-1944, 1919-07-18

ly necessary to proper and normal
activity of the human economy. Now,
since this gives us an idea of the
source of power and strength, the
kind of power and strength in the
human body, we may take this to
illustrate soil, and it's drainage in
reference to health relations to the
public. Then the problem of soil
condition, its drainage, it's population
| its infection is matter that should
and it does interest every intelli-
gent citizen looking to public health
conditions. The soil is a laboratory
in which is placed all necessary plant
food looking to termination, growth
and development of plant life that
must sustain the great masses of hu-
man and animal life. While we do
not have directly, perhaps the indi-
vidual cell activity in the soil, we do
have in part the chemical vital
change in soil that takes place in the
human body, looking to the nutrition
of the plant. We have also in the
soil certain germs and bacteria that
aid very materially in the growth OF
plants. We have also chemical agen-
cies as we'll as water which are great
factors in plant life, while the soil
has within it chemical elements and
vital elements which handles and ap-
propriates other elements for the well
fare of the plant, and all these may
be materially interefered with by the
reason of bad drainage.
Now, outside of this condition,
looking to the welfare of plant life,
we come to real issue we are to speak
on today, and that is the relation of
drainage to health. An excess of
water in the soil interferes with the
activity, promotion Of growth of plant
life and produces a condition of the
soil, of the agencies which is known
as infection and soil pollution. Soil
that is we'll drained means much in
maintaining for the public, health
conditions. When it is properly
drained it is an absorbant; when
properly drained, it is disinfectant;
when properly drained it is place
where a great many germs or insects
that might otherwise find their way
into the. human body. Diminished
moisture in the soil produced by
proper drainage would aid in the
destruction of many germ elements
that require moisture for their devel-
opment and growth. So the soil
when properly drained might be
termed a sanitary agency which it no
doubt is, but on the contrary, when
it is badly drained it is an incubator
for insects and germs which either
transmit or produces diseases. For
instance, stagnate pools or defective
drainage is a nest where mosquitoes
eggs are laid and Matched, which in
sect transmits to the human the most
horrible and wide spread disease
known as malaria. Certain moisture
conditions in the soil favors changes
in the eggs of the hook-worm looking
to it's development and propagation,
and also typhoid bacilli. The same
thing might be said, at least to some
degree, about diphtheria and tuber-
cular bacilli, and possibly other
germs. For instance, it requires a
certain amount of moisture in ma
nure in order that we may have the
termination of the eggs of the house
fly. So the proper drainage of the
soil, taking care of the overflow of
water is a matter that concerns every
The Marietta journal. (Marietta, Ga.) 1918-1944, 1919-07-18

farmer and every citizen in our coun-
try. There are gases produced IN
our cities by bad drainage that are
certainly unwholesome and detrimen-
tai to health and the subject of proper
drainage in our cities is matter that
has been recognized as vitality import
ant for many years, but / take this
matter for discussion before you to-
day, that we refer more especially to
land drainage which includes our
large areas outside of our cities, and
you may perhaps be familiar with the
fact that a great number of our infec-
tious diseases, including typhoid fever
and diphtheria are really more COM
mon on out farms and our large
landed areas where drainage is given
very little attention than they are
in the cities. So the matter of rela-
ton of drainage to health would APP
ply more particularly in this period
of our history to drainage of our
farms and large landed areas and in
the country as a whole. So the mat
ter of the very greatest importance
that the state could possibly aid our
people today, is looking to drainage
of the undeveloped land for the pre-
vention of disease and maintaining
the very highest possible health con-
dition for it's citizens. 1t is also i'm
portant that every individual land
owner, their consent and their mate
rial aid in every way possible looking
to proper drainage of their own lands
on their own farms, if for no other
reason, looking to the prevention of
disease in their own family and for
the conservation of their health and
comfort. SO / would most strongly
recommend that the state as well as
her citizens encourage both in fur
nishing material and finances for the
proper drainage of our great landed
areas. This problem is not only
problem looking to a selfish interest
of the individual but it is a public
question looking to the public health
which is public problem. Many
pldCSSJ kSIudpo III Jul oIdCC VIC
have streams that are INSTRUCTED by
dams or otherwise, and which may
be personal property, yet, the great
damage done by the obstruction in
this stream cost the citizens of that
community much money, great suf-
fering and no doubt many deaths
These conditions should be adjusted
and there should be proper legisla-
ton enacted looking to public ques-
tions of this nature. While it is
right and is provided by our Consti-
tuition that the state must protect
the property of the individual, yet
do not take it that some legislation
looking to the proper adjustment of
these things for the interest of both
the farmer and owners would be
countervening the Constitution.
So l will say in conclusion, that
II must be apparent to every citizen
and the state as a whole, that the
relation of drainage to public health
is a matter of no little concern and
should command the greatest atten-
ton and interest.