davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-11
Railroad Brotherhoods Seek Meeting
With President to Present Plumb Plan

by frank counsel rather than by
violent contest"
The representatives OF the rail-
way workers have seen ft to tnkc
TINT remark of the Presidents as
special invitation to them to con-
suit with him. They think they
know what they nre talking about,
and they have constructive pro-
gram to advocate, which they nrc
perfectly willing to submit to the
test OF reason and right.
Accordingly, they will seek mn
opportunity to confer with the Pres
ident, lny their plan before him
md advance the arguments they
arc prepared to make In support Of
it. HnvinE done this they will nwnit
specific declarations from the Pres
ldcnt rs to whether he favors
the plan or opposes IL. If he
opposes 1t they Will expect him
to state fully the reasons for
his opposition. They will then
consider their plan In tho light of
the objections he mny raise and will
determine upon their stand.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-11
by JUSTIN McGRATH.

WASHINGTON, August 1O.-Rcp-
rcsentatives of the railroad broth
erhoods and affiliated interests sup
porting the Plumb plan for nation
alizntion of railways will seek a
conference with President Wilson
early this week.
They will do this In conformunce
with the Presidents own sugges-
tiOn In his address to Congress Fri
day. The President in addressing
Congress on the high cost OF living
made this stntement:
"Thcre are many things that
ought to be corrected In tho rcln-
tion between capital and labor, in
respect OF wages and conditions of
labor and other things even more
far-reaching, and I, for one, am
rendy to EO into conference nbout
these matters with my group OF my
fellou-countrymcn who know what
they are talking about and arc will
Ing to remedy existing conditions
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-11
NEXT CONFEDERATE MEET
General William McI<Ie Selects City
of Atlanta for Reunion In
October.
tBy Associated Press. /,

William L. McKle, chief OF staff
United Confederate Veterans. has an
nounced that the next Confederate rc-
union will be held ia Atlanta. October.
Z, s, and TO- The annual meeting
Of the Confederate Southern Memori1l
Association and the Sons Of Confeder-
ate Veterans Will be held In Atlanta on
the sano dates, General Mckle an
nounced,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-11
G0RILLAS AS SERVANTS
ARE TOO SOFT HEARTED
African Hunter In baltimore Declares
Beasts Would Die of Home
S-' Sickness.

BALTIMORE, MD, August l0.-Gor-
illas arc too soft hearted to make
good as domestic servants in this
country. in the opinion of John Deck
hauS African hunter. now resident
of this city. He ridicules the theory
advanced by Professor Garner and
other naturaliSts, that the giant apes
might be brought here and trained to
do general housework.
Mr.. Dackhaus says training gorilla 8
here would be impossible, because
when transplanted from their native
hauntS they soon pine away and die
of broken hearts.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-11
VIII build Up Service.

BERl.IN, AUGUST lO.-The Cicrman
Navy League. which was the chief
agent in building UP the self-sunk
lighting feet OF the old empire. has
announced II will devote itself in flu
turc to the reconstruction OF tho Ger
man merchant marine,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-11
shopmen WIN Return

GREENv!LLE. s.. c., August 10
Shopmen OF both the Southern Rail-
wav Company and the Piedmont and
Northern Railway. who have been out
ON srike for the past several days. will
return to work tomorrow morning,
according to announcements made here
today.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-11
storm Moving vVcst,yard.

WASHINGTON, August I0.-The
leather Bureau announced tonight
at. the tropical disturbance in the
tribbean Sea was continuing on a
esterly course with It's center ap-
lrAntly south OF Jamaica, but its in-
nsity still unknJwn.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-11

Restoration Passenger Service Chesapeake
and Ohio Railroad.
Commencing today. August II. all passen-
ger trains will leave Richmond on regular
schedule; trains withdrawn account labor
trouble being restpred.-Adv.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

humiliating injustice of such a method
to-day is becoming conspicuous to the
of many people. What then shall be
said Of the fact that such an attitude
can exist in the domain of child life?
Shall even ignorance of such an exist
ing power in the law be any longer
pleaded or admitted for excuse?
And how about the cumbersome. be-
logged method Of dragging such an OBJ
solete train of laws through our admin
lstration of justice, permitting it to con-
Fuse the procedure of justice and even
to result in criminal acts of Injustice?
Is it not time that such abuses are
brought to the attention of men and
women, and most of all to that of the
legal profession and our legislators? For
we still believe in the existence of
human good will. Clearer knowledge of
the actually Of such laws and the
abuses possible under them should be
pushed forward to sweep away this ig
norance, confusion and destructive ac
ton of the law. In this way there will
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
Panicky Employers
Took Unframed Women

complaints have been made that ne
gro girls have not been marked sue
cess in operating rapid machines. How
ever, much Of this is due to the fact
that they have not had chance to
learn their machines or sufficient time
to become accustomed to them. They
were taken on in an emergency, and
no time could be given to training
them. Also in many Of the fac
tories and shops from which we have
the most complaints no requirements
had been asked of the girls when they
we're taken on.
ut is usually in the low class shops,
where work is most grinding, hours are
longest and conditions arc mcanest that
we have the most complaints Of the girls.
These swahtshops were desperate when
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

they made the same punishment apply
to BOTH
There is bill before the Legislature
to abolish the death penalty for minors.
There is another bill to prevent the
practice of vivisection in schools. Think
what that does to children-the cutting
up of animals before their eyes How
can we expect them to be anything but
callous to suffering when they witness
this in the name of science during their
formative years?
1--WE do not think deeply enough to
realize the temptations which we put into
children's minds by permitting even what
in itself seems harmless. The very play
things that have followed this war-the
toy guns with which they play at vio-
lence in the nursery-how can we ex-
pect them to develop anything but
spirit of destructiveness?
There are many evils" continued
Miss Wood, and then she heaved sigh.
Miss Wood had just returned from AL
bany. MANY evils" she repeated; "and
so many, many attempts to remedy them
There is too much of the haphazard and
wildcat method Of legislation. am not
sentimentalist, and l believe that SEN
timental legislation defeats its own pur-
poses. What we should do is to seek the
practical and fundamental and go at
it slowly.
conc Of our oldest legislators told mo
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

dustry divisions of the Department of
Labor they sit as specialists.
Practically all the fault found with
negro girls in industry" said Mrs. r.
vim, speaking Of her work and investiga-
tions, els the result of lack of training
among the workers. For the first time
in their lives negro girls were specially
sought by industry during the war.
"In the North some factories were SO
hard up for labor that they offered to
pay transportation for workers who
would come to them from distance. Of
course the persons with fewest ties, and
consequently those not of the best class,
took advantage of these offers. Great
numbers Of negro women went from
Southern communities to industrial CEN
tres. Problems then arose that had
never before been part Of an industrial
programme.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
The Opinion of an Eminent Psychiatrist

FAlTH in the good will of humanity
would be impossible if we had to
take existing abuses at their face
value. They can be tolerated as facts
only by seeing that cloak of ignorance
conceals them from the clear recognition
of those who unwittingly depend upon
them.
1t would be humanity incredible that
there could exist to-day on the statute
books of New York State laws which
make it possible to indict and electro
cute child seven years old, if one
could not believe that ignorance or at
least laundering, confused understand
ing, even among the members of the
legal profession, makes the existence
and administration Of such a law posi-
BILE
An eye for an eye, a life for life,
may have served it's purpose once when
mans intellectual horizon was so limited
that constructive and reconstructive
work was left only to the chance of
nature and pure instinct.
The absolute futility as we'll as the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
Boys Like Adventure
So Do Girls!

Mary Wood, lawyer, and legislative
chairman for the City, State and Gen
eral Federations of Women's Clubs, has
felt from childhood that she could never
reconcile with her ideals Of justice the
taking Of life by the state
Yet state which contains a port
of entry such as ours must necessarily
provide more drastic laws than one with
a more normal population" she con-
tinued. "We receive from Europe those
who are unframed, undisciplined by self
government. They have been over
lcgislated against! And when the lid is
taken off their repressed desire for lib
crty at Ellis Island they are ready for
nything-ripe for crime! ] heartily
wish such bill as the Burnett BILL
abolishing immigration for the next four
years, could be passed.
"Stll, though there may be reason for
capital punishment among adults Of low
standards, in the case of minors st
seems to me nothing short Of legalized
crime. A boy Of sixteen or eighteen, if
he is normal, should have knowledge Of
the wrongfulness of his act if it is pre-
meditated; but a boy of sixteen has
streak of the daredevil which is far
from crime and yet may lead into it
without his being guilty at heart. He
likes to assume the airs Of older men
along adventurous lines, and wants to
seem heroic TO himself
81 keep referring to the boys" Miss
Wood broke off to remark, with laugh,
and her eyes twinkled as she went on:
Cup to this time girls haven't dashed
around much and tried to seem heroic
| think the next generation of 'em WILL
though-and l want to be around to en-
joy it when it happens.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

demptlon. Certainly there must be some
way to salvage the large and ever in
creasng number of children who are
hailed into our courts and branded guilty
of misdemeanors or more serious offenses
before they are out of their teens
The spectacle of Paul Chapman,
boy of hitherto unblemished record, SEN
tenced to death for crime committed
when he was sixteen years and ten days
of age, is enough to create serious
thought in the mind of any person who
is interested in civic betterment | ear
nestly assert that we have no laws on
our books to properly apply to his case.
Paul Chapman never killed any one.
He planned no murder His case went
to the jury not on the theory that he
fired any shot, but he was convicted on
the technical theory that, while he re-
manned outside the building as watcher;
some one else inside did the actual shoot
ing. There was no element of evil in
tent. 1T was q question of an hours bad
company
"That Paul Chapman merits punish
ment cannot be denied, but not by snuff
ing out his life. Some slight correctional
measures would yet make him good
citizen, assuming the associations to
which he has since been subjected have
not deteriorated him. 1t seems clear to
me that it is confession Of weakness
and of gross ineiIicicncy for us to saw.
Away with him to the death chair
when he has within him great poten-
tialltles for useful service to the COM
munity.
MIR. Osborne's rule, as demonstrated
at Sing Sing, is now proving at the u. s.
Naval Prison at Portsmouth, N. H., that
the worst types of offenders can be made
over; and yet we came dangerously near
blotting out the human existence of a
mere boy of good record. If Paul Chap
man had suffered death | should have
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
In a Man, Preparedness
In a Boy, Display

ITO go back to boys, however we
bring them up to be brave We develop
in them what to us is courage-but their
unframed minds cannot distinguish be-
tween courage and bravado. Paul Chap
man was convicted of murder because he
helped to plan a burglary, and watched
outside the house with a revolver in his
pocket while burglary and murder were
committed inside, though he was igno-
rant of the murder. Of course, when
grown man carries revolver it means
ne intends to kill. In grown man the
possession of weapon is preparedness;
m boy 1t mag be nothing but display.
"The lawmakers must have overlooked
this little bit of boy psychology when
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

spread that dawn of salvation and re-
Mobilization of human lives which has al
ready shot forth it's first indications.
Such work has begun in many directions.
From the very nature of such work
and in the adaptability, Elasticity and
rapid unfolding. in one direction or the
other, of childhood, this is preeminentlv
the time and place for such effort and
for the understanding and fundamental
psychological sympathy upon which if
must be based.
In no field could the demand for it
be more urgent, more insistent than in
that of children's crimes.
And no more definite method of an
proach to it could be made at the start
than through a definite revision and re-
codlflcatlon of these reprehensible laws
and the substitution for the ancient
spirit of ignorance in which thew have
been allowed to accrue and maintain
themselves on the statute book that of
reconstruction and salvation of these
lives still young and filled with useful
possibility. Smith Ely Jelliffe, M. d.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

court, who must usually give bond for
the faithful protection of the rights of
the infant; and no property right of the
infant can be affected except with the
full sanction of the court. Every propo-
sition of the civil law as it applies to
infants is based upon the theory that
they are incapable of acting for them
selves.
But the property of the infant is APP
parently Of more value than the life or
liberty of the infant himself.
"When child commits crime he is
presumed to have the same capacity to
form an intent in committing it as an
adult criminal of the most hardened
type. This presumption exists with a
child as young as twelve years of age.
Between the ages of seven and twelve
the law does recognize borderland
where the capacity is not presumed, but
1T nevertheless may be proven, and if
proven the infant Of seven years of age
under our existing law can suffer the
same pains and penalties as an adult.
"A child of seven years can be legally
clectrocuted in the state Of New York.
In other words, an infant is regarded as
incapable of possessing any mental ca
pacity to enter into a'contract, but is pre-
sumed to possess the requisite mentality
to commit crime. Any such incongruity
and Inconsistency in our laws should no
longer be allowed to exist.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

"One-half the negroes in the United
States are employed, and the reason for
this large percentage is that negro wom-
en- as we'll as men have always worked.
"But until a year ago the large major
ity Of negro women have been domestic
servants. They knew practically moth
ing else to do, and the white women in
the South were almost entirely dependent
on them for this kind of work. No study
has yet been made of what the change
brought about by the war may do to
them, but 1T is easy to conjecture that
permanent change has taken place.
"In Chicago, Mrs. Irwin and l inves-
tigated several plants that had made a
point of employing negro women. In
two large mail order houses we found
conditions splendid The employers re-
quired that negro girls taken on should
have a certain amount of education, and
they gave them a chance to learn the
ways Of the plant after they had been
engaged They were as a result more
than pleased with the work done by me-
gro girls.
"ln one plant 1853 negro girls are en-
ployed in the clerical department. The
forewomen are negroes. The work of
that department shows the value of
intelligence in the success of any en-
ploye.
"The worst criticism of negro girls is
that they do not stick to their jobs. They
are absent oftener than they should
be, and do not seem to feel their
responsibility. However, where there
were complaints about rregularity Of
attendance l found that in most cases
the girls had to live great distance
from the factories, inaccessible to car
lines"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

in law, and since that is true, see no
reason why child under eighteen
for, after all, laws do not make man
or woman-should be subject to capital
punishment"
The opponents of the bill making life
Imprisonment the penalty for murder in
the first degree in the case of those UNI
der eighteen years of age say that the
death penalty is necessary as deter
rent against heinous murders by minors,
and that executive clemency can be in
voked where the rigor of the law should
be mitigated.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

Mrs. Haynes in to help her grapple with
problems of negro women in industry.
Before her marriage Mrs. Haynes had
served with the Y. w. G. A. She was
graduated from Fisk University in
Nashville, Tenn and later took post
graduate courseA Chicago 1t was
there that she bec<)ene interested in So
cial work among her own race and be-
came the first negro national secretary
of the Y w. C. A. She spent the fol-
lowing two years in New York. After
her marriage she kept in close touch
with her husbands work and was active
IN club and social affairs for her race
in Nashville.
Mrs. Irwin was appointed special as
sistant to Miss Van Kleeck on economic
problems Of negro women wage earners
last fall.
For several years she has been q
teacher in the Miner Normal School.
She is graduate in home economics
Of Howard University in Philadelphia,
where she taught domestic science for
two years. Later she was director of
girls manual training in Baltimore High
School, and has for four years taught
home economics in the Miner Normal in
Washington.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
Tribune Washington Bureau
H7AsHINGTON, D. c., March 90.
w Among women who sit in

w Among women VINO SlC IN
conference in Washington upon
we problems Of the women in industry
section of the Department of Labor are
TWO negro women, Mrs Helen Irwin
anu MRS. George Edmund Haynes. They
ore known as the special "aids" of Mary
van kleeck, head Of the section. They
are, In fact, so well versed in the prob
's'fs of their race and the needs that
INC department takes their word and
Judgment almost as law.
Perhaps Of all the women connected
s''h the Department Of Labor who de-
~''oine questions and set precedents
so'cerning working women Of this
sOunsry, these two negro women have
s = right to the name experts"
assessing thorough knowledge Of eco
,.'aa'cs, law and Tabor conditions, they
.psclailze in the pecuiarities of their
'sh race. Both women are graduates
negro colleges and both have done
educational and social work for a num-
Der Of years
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
Bv MARIE DE MONTALVO

rHE subject of capital punishment
for minors has been pretty thor
Il oughly thrashed out in these
nages, in connection with the case of
Paul Chapman, the sixteen-year-old boy
who was convicted Of murder in the first
degree and sentenced to electrocution,
and is now, after Communication of SEN
.ence by Governor Whitman, serving a
life sentence in Sing Sing.
When The Tribune began its cam
paign to save this boys life the follow
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

I. 's. haynes ia a "dolIar~a- year" wom-
a. ner husband became director Of
IS. department Of Negro Economics
49, 1 seo, when he came to Washington
49,. = asnyille, Tenn. SO much of his
= -, = nad been done with the assistance
= :. = VIE that she Immediately became
ds.a anpaid assistant in the work he was
VII J. s tne Department Of Labor. II
M snsn that Miss Van Kleeck, chief Of
omen IN industry seryiec, called
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
Children May Suffer Death for Their "Crimes''

sin in the children? Or are the condi-
tions with which we surround them
such as to make them unfit to cope
with life? And if the conditions that
surround them are so bad that they
become criminals before they are old
enough to vote or sign contract,
should they or society bear the bur
den of what they do?
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
Wastes Our
Priceless Resources

Moreover, the infection of the death
penalty upon minors is horribly wasteful
of the most priceless resource we possess
the coming generation. I cannot be-
lleve that any child is so hopelessly
hardened in crime as to be beyond re-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

ployers regarding the kind of labor they
should employ, and advise the employees
to aspire to better shops, to work re-
curing more skill, and instil in them
ambition for training"
The war work in which negro women
we're most successful was munition max
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

recently that when he first became
lawmaker he was ambitious to make
laws-and now it is fast becoming his
ambition to prevent the making Of laws,
because so many of them are drastic,
cumbersome, i'll advised-and useless
"For the children of the state we need
more than haphazard amendments to
laws which already exist, scattered
through the statutes. We need to make
a survey of all the laws which in any
way affect children. Then we need to
consult with experts along many lines
and find out what will best make for
the welfare of children. And after that
we should prepare children's code, such
as they have III Minnesota"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
BY HANNAH MITCHELL

their men were taken for military ser
vice, and they picked up cheap labor
without any consideration of the new
employees fitness. There is little we can
do In these cases except advise the en-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
They Act as
Specialists

Both these negro women are ex-
amples Of the inherent refinement and
intelligence of their race. Their atti-
tude toward their work and the negro
girls concerned in it is that Of apostles.
There is nothing sentimental about what
they do. No prejudice seems to sway
them, and no sensible criticism is re-
fused.
In the meetings Of the women in in