davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
Moral Obligation
In French Treaty. Too

Replying to Senator Borah, the
President said the defensive treaty
with France rested on the same basis
as Articles X and XI-moral obliga-
tlons. Senator Pittman suggested that
even if the council unanimously ad-
vsed, 1t was still "up to Congress
either to accept or reject that ad-
vice.
To this the President gave his as
Senator Johnson. reverting to the ex-
annie Of aggression on Italy, asked
whether that compelling moral obli-
CATION would require US to use such
means as would seem appropriate,
either economic or moral. Is that not
correct9'
The President Deemed appropriate
by whom? That is really the point.
Senator Johnson-Deemed appropri-
ate for the purpose of defeating or
frustrating the aggression.
The President-Deemed by US ap-
propriate.
Senator Borah-Did Great Britain
and France insist upon maintaining
at the peace conference the secret
treaties with Japan regarding Shan
tung'
The President-I will put it in this
way. They felt that they were bound
by them. But when they involved gen
eral interests, such as they realized
were involved. they were quite willing
and indeed. think, desirous that they
should be reconsidered with the con-
sent, so far as they were concerned, of
the other parties.
Senator Moses asked whether per-
feet agreement with reference to Avlona
was producd at Versailles. The Presl-
dent replied that he had heard OF it
but never had seen it.
Senator Moses-The purpose of my
inquiry was to ascertain whether there
was laid before the council Of ten any
teXtual agreement which transferred
parts of the territory OF independent
nations TO another.
The President Only those that you
nave spoken Of.
Senator Moses -Shantung and Av-
Iona?
The President Only those that We
have had under general discussion.
cannot enumerate them, but there
are none that have not been produced
so far as know That answers the
cnac+iOr
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
Moral Obligation
Has Greater + orce

The Pre- dent There is national
good conscience i'm such a matter
should think that was one Of the most
serious things ,ha. could poss IDLY hap
pen My understanding when | speak
Of a legal obli galon is mean one tha-
specifically binds YOU to do particular
thing under certain sanctions. I hat is
a legal obligation. Now. d moral obl-
cation IS, CT course, superior to a legal
obligation. and, if | may say so, has
greater binding force. In every
moral obligation there 5 an element Of
Judgment IN legal obligation there
is 70 element of judgment.
Senator johnson But. Mr.. Presi-
don- when 'ne moral obligation IS uN-
ioah'ed Il vi mnel action more readi-
s. than T. legal obligation.
res; bu. -at islyolv vess thees circum-
stance Of ne particular case.
The PreslDent thought 4 moral obli-
cation. because Of the element Of iudg
ment. less likely TO involve the country
IN armed participation in trifing mat
tors
senator Harding Suppose the allot-
ted territory which comes under the
control Of Italy should iu some way
be assailed rom the Balkan states, and
the Council of the league should inn
meda'ely soE upon that as . threat
Of war involving othel nations and
should say that the nations of the
league should Immediately contribute
an armed force 10 stop that war OF to
bring the attacking nations to terms !;
would We be perfdious people, if
may use that term, would we violate
our obligation, # we failed to partici-
pate in The defence of Italy?
The Pres dent-We would be our own
Judges s- 10 whether we were obliged
in those circumstances to act in that
Nav or not.
Senator Htcrcocl In such case
the council would only act unanimous y
and our represe entative ON rhe council.
Of course. would have 20 concur IN any
advice given
The Senator's got into discussion
over whether Congress would decide
what course the United States would
take, Senator Hitchcock suggesting
that after the American representa-
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
french Treaty Held
TOBeC0nsHtuti0naI
Congress Can Withhold
or Make Declaration
Of War, Say Senators
Nem York Tribune
Wdshin pton Bureau

WASHINGTON, Aug 1a-Ratifca-
tion of the defensive treaty with France
negotiated by President Wilson would
not interfere with the power of Con-
gress to declare or to withhold a dec
laration of war and therefore, would
not be unconstitutional on that ground,
a sub committee of the Senate Judiciary
Committee decided to-day.
The treaty would obligate the United
States to go to war in case OF all un-
provoked attack by Germany against
the French Republic. the sub-commit-
tee held, but no American troops could
be sent to the aid of France without
declaration of war by Congress.
The committee was appointed
several weeks ago under resolution
by Senator Walsh. Democfat, of Mon
tana, which directed an investigation
of the constitutionality of the compact
With France. The consttutionality of
the treaty never has been Questioned
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
The Peace Conference in the White House

tives on the council had concurred in
the councils recommendation at would
then be up to Congress to decide"
The President-You arc quite right.
The men who were discussing these
very important matters were all the
time aware that it would depend
upon the approving or disapproving
state of opinion of their countries how
their representatives in the council
would vote in matters of this sort 1t
is inconcevable to me that. unless the
opinion of the United States, the moral
and practical judgment of the people
OF the United States approved, the
representatives of the United States
on the council should vote any such
advice as would lead us into war.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
TittOni Protests Delay
By Supreme Council
Every One E0rn Out, Situation
Cannot Continue, Italian Min
lister Is Quoted as Saving

PARIS. Aug. l9.-"The Supreme
Council no longer is a conference, but
a sort of government occupied with
the international affairs of every coun-
try in Europe the "lntransigeant"
reports Signor Tittoni, the Italian
Foreign Minister and member of the
peace conference, as having said at
Mondays meeting of the council.
Every one is worn out by the pres
ent tension" Signor Tittoni continued
This situation cannot continue. The
conference ought to bring things to
conclusion; The remaining treaties
ought to be terminated before think
ing of a holiday"
Signor Tittoni insisted that there
would be danger in postponing the
Asia Minor question until October and
demanded that the conference should
not forget its objective, as he de-
clared it seemed to be doing.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
Variety

Variety, beng the cloves and
Cinnamon Of worldly existence,
It's fair log. TO assume that the
more spice you can crowd into
hte the more happiness you will
get out OF II.
We had that thought in mind
when we selected the patterns
tor Paramount Shirts.
A glimpse at any one Of our
store windows will convince you
that, although restricted to only
two prices, $3.50 and $500, we
have not been sparing IN pat
terms.
This IS but one feature that
has made Paramount Shirts so
popular-there are d variety of
others-fdbric, flt. workmanship,
and your money back # not satis-
fed.
Inc same quality you receive
IN Paramount Shirt today you
Will receive tomorrow.
But why wait till tomorrow to
prove it?
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20

,,;n. had not occurred to me. No, she
Sos'o senator tor Fall-Then so far as we are
,osarned VIC could make recon-
..'srdatiou in the nature of an amend
sent ,,....,
sour first reply to senator Fall to be
~. Germany under this treaty already
ssd relationship to the league by
ssson of It's international character
.snd its participation in number Of
sasstions that Germany was interested
IN
senator Hitchcock 1t has relation
hin 70 the league of nations even be-
iors the time shat it may apply for
membership,
The PresideHt-Yes.
Senator Borah quoted Article NJ. de-
f.larirr ANY war or threat of war" a
natter Of concern to the league and
trectinc that "tho league shall take
snv action that may be deemed wise
and etfectual 70 safeguard the peace
He asked whether the President ap-
plied the interpretation OF moral OBJ
legation also 20 that article. He replied
his construction Of Article XI was the
same as Tor Article X.
senator Harding If there is moth
ing more than moral obligation on
the part OF any member of the league
what avaiis Article \ and Article N?
The President Why. Senator, it is
surprising tha. that question should
be asked. II We undertake an obliga-
ION We are bound IN the most solemn
way 10 carry i out.
Senator Harding Is it moral obli-
cation The point | am trying TO get
at IS. suppose something arises affect
ing the peace q the world. And the
. council takes steps as provided here to
. conserve Or preserve. and announces
is decision. and every nation in the
league take, advantage of the construc-
ton that you place upon those articles
and says, well. this is only moral
obligation. and We assume that the ma
ION involved does not deserve our par
.icpation or protection and the whole
thing amounts 10 nothing but an eX-
preston Of the league council.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
Isle Of Yap Valuable
As a Gable Station

THE Isle of zap, referred. to yes
terday by President Wilson in
his conference with Senators, lies in
the South Seas, east of the Philip
pines and north of New Guinea, in
latitude degrees, 25 minutes, NJ,
Longitude 13S degrees, minute Z.
Area. seventy-nine square miles.
Population. about 10000.
The island was formerly the seat
OF the German administrator Of the
Carolines, but was captured by the
Japanese in the first year of the war.
Its chief Importance is as half
way station in the Pacific submarine
cables.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
New York BOv Drowned

RIDGEWOOD. \. J.. Aug 10
tmanuei hamilton. one Of the hu 7drci
boys from the New York tenement dis
tr cts VINO are camping near here. was
drowned tbs evening while swimming
in NanembUrgh's Lake John Briston.
a newsboy. who tried 20 swim out %
him. got tangled in the weeds. and near
ly lost his own life
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
A SUMNER DELIGHT

Ice cream is more nourishing
than many of the foods
which are considered essen
tfsl and necessary.
A quart of ice cream has the
foo4value of one and a half
pounds Of steak, or four
pounds of potatoes, or eight
cen eggs.
CHlLDS ice cream is rlch IN
nourishmcnt and indescrib-
ably delicious.
4 not weathe, dsh
that might veil be
Guided every lunc ~
and supper.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
Ratification W'ould
Aid China Morally

Senator Pomerene suggested that I
the treaty failed of ratification Jspar
would have Shantung practically at
China at least would have the mora
assistance of the powers for protec-
tion of her rights.
The President--I conceive one of the
chief benefits Of the whole arrange.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20

and the wars Of Europe and Asa. +
any should arise And il is ecual y
true that under his construct FL
rope would necessarily be gnie- the
same impeihng force 70 take part 4
the sottlememt OF American a+airs'
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
Treaty Critics
Say Attacks
Are Justified
Continued from page

not divulge the details Of what trans
pired in the meetings of the commits.
sioners. and could not, therefore. sf-
ford information respecting these mat
ters. For this reason he could not
divulge the vote upon racial equality
nor how the United States commission
ers voted
We very greatly appreciated the
opportunity Of talking with the
President personally upon what Ne
deemed the most important subject
which has come to the people since tho
Civil War. We appreciate this oppor-
tunity the more because upon the
facts developed as stated By us the
position we have maintained in re-
spect to this covenant OF the league
Of nations IS justified and confirmed
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
Foreign Check Alleged

1T is obvious that if We are TO as
sumo only moral obligation. that
moral obligation viii deal at the n-
stance of foreign nations with Amer
lean treasure and American blood. ana
send American troops whenever ueces-
slty arises throughout the world
ut is equally plain that the decisions
OF the peace conference. made in &C
cordance with secret treaties concealed
from US, We must guarantee indefinitely
THE league Of natioas as construed
By the President leaves 1t clear and
unmistakable that when we enter il
we are under compelling moral OBJ
legation, to say nothing Of the legal
obligation which other supporters con
tend we are under 20 taso part in the
disturbances. the conflicts. settlements
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20
President Is
Questioned by
Treaty Critics

,rtntiaaed from preceding page
New-York tribune., 1919-08-20

A not ~eaths, dish
that might we'll be ~.
Guided IN every lusc ~
cor and supper.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-02
Sport NeWs
Def TO WORLDS
BEST SHOOTERS
BIZ PETER p. CARNEY
Authority on Sporting Topics.

That Frank M. Troeh Of vancouv-
er, Wash, is the best trapshooter in
the land. Notwithstanding his defeat
by Billy Heer, is the opinion Of the
trapshooting fraternity along the Pa
eific coast.
Troch and Heer it will be remem-
June as the feature event Of the
Northwest Sportsmen's association
tournament at Seattle, Wash. Heer
won by four targets and his hackers
gathered in a bushel of Liberty bonds.
The sportsmen who backed Troeh
believe that the rightful home of those
Liberty bonds is on the west coast
and they are confident that If Troch
Is given another opportunity he a.
bring them back to their proper
roosting place.
The Northwest Sportmen's associa-
ton tournament this year will be
held under the auspices Of the Port
land (Ore.) Gun club at E%verding
park, in May, and the feature event
once more will be a match between
Frank Troeh and a trapshooter t o be
decided by the country at large.
In due course of time the Northwest
Sportmen's association will issue a
def in behalf of Troeh. and will at
that time name the conditions under
which the match will be shot. The
idea at this time is to issue a chal-
lenge to any shooter in the world
amateur or professionalism a 500
target event. spread over three days.
Instead of the two contestants shoot
ing, however. three other high class
amateur shooters-the best that car
be procured-will be placed in the
squad. making five men at the traps.
Last year Troeh and Heer shot
alone.
There is a feeling that Troeh is a
better shooter in a squad than he is
in a competition in which only two
are shooting. This may or nay not
be true. but it is a fact that one can
time his shooting better when in a
squad than when participating in an
individual match. We do know a
number of shooters who are much
better in squad shooting than in in
dividua1 match shooting-and know
some others who can break more
targets the faster they shoot.
Anyway the Northwest Sportsmen's
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-02
SUCCESSFUL SEASON.

Cleveland. O., Jan. I'm spite of
the war. the season Of 1918 was one
of the most successful the Grand Cir
cult has ever known. It began at
North Randall, Cleveland, on July 8
and ended at Atlanta, Ga, on October
10.
Two hundred and forty-nine races
were contested, lat for trotters and
102 for PAGERS. OF the 1858 horses
that started, 1,O46 were trotters and
642 PAGERS. Trotters were in he
money $50 times and PAGERS 466
times. A total of IT'S heats were run
and $50 drivers were in the winning
list.
Columbus, with three weeks racing,
including several futurities, hung up
the most money. giving a total of
$1O4,342; North Randall followed CO.
lumbus, giving $72.S55 for two weeks,
and Lexington was third with $751;
900 for less than two weeks of rae
ing.
In the Is weeks Of racing, horse
men divided $461,941, $31O,640 going
to the trotters and $151,3O1 to the
PAGERS.
Nella Dillon, 2:05A. vas the larg-
est money-winning trotter of the sea-
son and Directum ] was the largest
money-winning PAGER.
Driver Murphy was the leading
money-winning driver, with Ed Pop
Geers second in the list and Walter
Cox a close third
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-02
MURPHY WANTS FIGHT.

Chicago, Jar. Chicago has a new
aspirant for m~iddleweight boxing
honors in Stockyards Tommy Murphy,
proud wearer of a gold service stripe
earned aboard a submarine chaser en-
gagged in convoy service: Murphy is
pers after eighteen months in the
navy and; is ready to resume his ring
activity.
Previous to becoming a b%luejacket,
Murphy boxed at an unfortunate
weight. He was too heavy for the well
tiers and. too light for the middles
with the result that he had to fight the
cap. After donning the navy uniform
and feeding upon Uncle Sans Chow"
he picked up weight until he is not a
full fledged 160-pounder.
Stockyards Tommy is a pupil of
Packy Mcfarland, who came from
the same neighborhood. He has
Packey's speed and the Mcfarland
coupled with a knockout punch.
1.-The army has praised boxing be-
cause of its close relation to bayonet
fighting,' said Tommy, but I would
like to get in a word of praise from
my W experiences. Aboard a sub
chaser a man is liable to be swept
overheard if he isn't quick on his feet.
When one of those nervous little chas-
ers hits a rough sea they do every
thing but stand on end and come dan
gerously close to doing that. Many a
time I've thanked my footwork
learned in a boxing ring"
One Of Tommy's greatest disap-
pointments was that he engaged
in a submarine battle. He said his
chaser arrived on the scene several
moments after a U-boat had sub
merged. This was during the raid on
the American coast.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-02
The SELFRDGE
SCHOOL MAY BE-
PERMANENT one
Institution Said to be Best
Gunnery School in the
World.

Nj. Clemens, Mich. Jan. 2.-Sel-
ridge aviation field which holds sew
eral flying records and which has
been characterized by Colonel Tu-
lasne, head of the French aviation
mission, as "the" best gunnery school
nent by the government.
The future of the school as an aer-
ial training base depends largely on
the attitude congress may take to-
ward aerial development and appro-
priations.
Selfridge field was leased in 1917
from a Detroit automobile company
which had bought the land for test
ing grounds for aerial motors. The
field was named for Lieutenant Thos.
E. Selfridge, who was killed Septem-
Der 8, 1908, while flying with Wilbur
Wright.
Training student aviators began
July Z with the arrival here Of the
the first flight being made the fol-
lowing day by Major B. Q. Jones. For
some time the school trained aviators
in primary flying with some advanced
work. One hundred pilots were grad
uated and sent to France.
Later the school specialized in
aerial. gunnery. D~etachments of stu
dent fliers were sent here from
southern fields for this work before
going overseas. Selfridge became
noted for its proficiency in this de-
partment. The famous French ace,
F1achere, after combat with pilots
here, declared their work on a par
with ''the best in France"
The field held the record for the
total number Of hours in air until
February when southern camps
gained because of mild weather. There
have been but ten fatalities at the
field, and only eight men have died
Of disease. The average complement
was LOO men.
This year Major N. J. Boots, officer
in charge of flying. flew from Sell
fridge field to New York City, with
one passenger, making a nonstop
flight to the Kentucky Tennessee
border.
Gunnery training still is in progress
at the field. but rehabilitation is un-
der way. Definite orders to close the
school have not been received, how
ever.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-02
ISLANDERS DO NOT
WANT TO 7
TO GERMAN RULE

Sydney, Australia, NoY. 23.-1n o
a single island in the Pacific former
ly ruled by Germany do the natives
desire a return of the German dom-
nation, says Thomas ]. Mcmahon an
Australian authority on the affairs of
the Pacific islands who has recently
returned from an extended tour in the
Central Pacific. He visited Nauru
Island and the Marshall group which
were German possessions before the
war. -
Wherever he travelled among the
former German colonies in the Pa
cific, Mr.. Mcmahon said, he found
that the Germans had made no effort
vantages but had in several cases de-
voted themselves to the strategic OPP
portunities.
1.-The natives of Nauru have asked
the government to preserve them
from a re-establishment of German
government there" said Mr.. Nc
Mahon.
I'm the Marshall Islands," said Mr..
Mcmahon II was much impressed by
Japanese industry. What they have
already done in the Marshalls will
bring nothing but praise from every
body. The Germans shamefully ne
elected the Marshall Islanders as they
did all other natives, but during the
past three or four years the Japanese
have been systematically building up
the people, educating them and maxi
ing of them a very creditable race"
Mr.. Mcmahon said in speaking of the
relation of The Central Pacific islands
to Australia that "they were the half
way house to San Francisco and to
Japan.'
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-02
ADVERTISEMENT.

70 go EE--EE7 1877
You might be surprised to know. that
the best thing you, can use for q severe
cough, is 1 remedy which 10 easily pre-
pared at home in just q few moments.
It's cheap, but for prompt results it beats
anything etee. you ever tried. Usually
like it-and it ID pure and good.
Pour 2h ounces of Pinex in Q pint
bottle; then fill it up with plain
g~ranulated sugar syrup. Or use clari-
fled mofasses, honey, or corn syrup,
instead of sugar syrup, if desired.
Thus you make . full pint-a family
supply-but costing no more than .
small: bottle of ready.msde cough syrup.
And as . cough medicine, there 10
really nothing better to be had Ct any
price. Itsgces right to the spot and
heals. the .inidamed membranes that line
the throat and air paesageA stops the
annoying throat tickle, loosens tho
phlegm, and coon your. cough stops en-
&irely. Splendid for bronchitis, Group,
whpoping cough and bronchial asthma.
Pincx JIG highly concentrated com-
pound Of Norway pine extract, famous
tor. it, healing eject on the membranes.
To avoid disappointment AK your
druggist for st2AH ounces Of Pinex'' with
directions and. don't accept anything
9ise. Guaranteed % give absolute satis-
facti9l or money promptly refunded.
The Pinsx CO, Fl Wayne. Ind
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-02
CLASSES MUST
Be IN ENGLISH
Early Ratification of Prohi-
bition Will be Urged by
Michigan Governor.

Lansing, Mich, Jan. 2.-Early rati-
ffcation Of the federal prohibition
amendment and enactment Of a law
requiring that all courses in Michigan
schools be conducted in English up to
the eighth grade, were urged upon the
legislature today by Governor Albert
f. Sleeper, in his second inaugural adj
dress to that body.
The governor also urged that any
defects In the states present proht-
bition laws be promptly remedied.
Concerning the states educational
system he said:
, Instead of encouraging the for
eigner who comes to state to re-
tain his native language and tradi-
tons, we should exert every fnflu-
ence to impress upon him the. high
ideals of American citizenship. No
school child in Michigan should re-
ceive his educational training in any
foreign language"
An amendment to the present pri-
mary laws, which would prevent a
candidate from seeking nomination to
an Office on more than one ticket,
also vas recommended by Governor
Sleeper.
He also recommended enactment Of
for appropriations would be carefully
scrutinized and consolidated before
being presented to the legislatures;
laws to make uniform accounting
compulsory, and laws to place the
states purchasing with a centralized
body or agency.
Construction of more improved
highways was recommended by the
governor, who termed such enter
prises lone of the best investments
the state can make"
In recommending continuance of
the recently created state police force.
which took the place Of the National
Guard when the latter organization
was taken into the federal service,
Governor Sleeper paid a tribute to the
part Michigan boys have played in
the a He concluded with an ear
nest appeal to every citizen to help
in obtaining suitable employment for