davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-11-22

Washington, Nov 22.Under the
treaty's provisions, the exchange of
ratifications could have been made
is soon as three of the great powers
had ratified, but the date was de-
ayed, it was announced, largely be-
cause it was desired to have the
United States a party from the first.
All four of the other great powers,
Great Britain, France Italy and Ja-
,pan,n ow have ratified.
The effect of the PRONUNCIATION of
peace will not, 1t is held by the state
department, directly affect the legal
status Of war existing between tho
United States and Germany bnt it
will mean that tho important work
Of rehabilitating Europe will begin
without the participation of This
country.
Besides bringing the league of ma
tions formally into existence, the
event will bring into force a prDdIOus
list of obligations which must tc per-
formed by Germany They touch up
on great and small matters in many
parts of the world, and are subject to
time limits ranging from fifteen days
TO fifteen years.
Senate May Change Attitude.
The chief executive believed the
temper Of the senate will cool be-
tween now and when they next meet
and that the treaty of Versailles may
still be ratified practically as it
stands. Others consider that the only
hope for the pact lies in the admin
istration leaders accepting the docu-
ment with tho Lodge reservations at
tached But third group believes a
compromise is possible between now
and when the congress conyenes.
which will enable the president to
withdraw the treaty from the senate
pigeon hole where it now Is. rc sab
nit il at once to that body AMI Sc
cure its ratification within a week.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-11-22
Locals Take Two Teams 10 Invade
Canadian County and Get Both
Clans Trimmed In Hard
Fought Battles.
INVADERS oUTPLAYED IN
EVERY DEPARTMENT GAME
Reno Uses Pass Successfully; Chick.
asha Fumbles Costly. Powers
Crew Unable to Get Going;
Fails to Score.

Outplaying the Chickasha eleyens
IN every department of the game
El Reno high school won both Tits
at tho Canadian county capital yes.
ierday afternoon, The powersmen
lost . to 0, while the yannigans were
defeated 27.to 0.
In the game between the first
string elevens. El Reno high worked
tle forward pass successfully. scor-
ing their first touchdown via tae
aerial route, The Interference dis.
played by the Randle machine was
far superior to the Chickasha offer
ing in this department Of the game.
This interference was effective on
aad runs and line bucks, and El Re.
no scored the second touchdown in
the ,la.t few minutes OF play by
circlag the end aud piercing the
line
Tic chickasba gridsters lacked
iight' the team did not run in its
usual form and at no time did it
threaten tbe El Reno goal line.
chickasha Receives.
Chichashl won t!le toss, and chose
to receive capt. Williams received
ehe bali apl advanced ~ yards be
are hs 81 nas a the next
play, Williams fumbled and El Reno
recovered,
The locals were unable to break
up the El Reno Interference, and az.
ter securing possession OF the ball
on Williams tumble, the El Reno
machine advanced the bah to the
S-yard line, where they were held
for downs.
G. Whatc punted to the lei Reno
safety. who fumbled p. White re.
covering The Powersmen were held
for downs, and the same treatment
was given El Reno after the Cana
dian county lads were awarded the
ball. I'll Reno punted to Adams, who
made costly tumble, El Reno re
covering. The first quarter ended
with Ell Reno in possession Of the
ball on the 20 yard line.
First Score in Second Quarter.
After minutes Of play in the sec
md quarter, lei Reno passed 80
CONTINUED on page 80
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-11-22
AMERICAN OFFICIAL is
STILL IN MEXICAN JAIL
BY United Press.

BY United Press.
Washington. Nov 22.-William o.
Jenkins, American consular agent, is
still in the penitentiary at Puebla,
Mexico, as far as the state depart
ment knows. No reply has been re.
ceived to the note of the United
States demanding mis- release.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-11-22
LIFT WHEAT EMBARGO
BY United Press.

+ BY United Press.
+ New York, Nov. 22.-The 1
+ plan is to lit the export and .
= import embargo on wheat .
+ and wheat flour December 4
10 according TO announce
+ ment Of Director Darnes of 1
! TIE Y. S. Grain corporation. i
: The embargo has been effec- 1
+ tive for more than two years. 4
II was the first step of the 4
} war trade board to protect I
wheat for the allies. i
; + = = + j. ! + = 4 4 4 a
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-11-22

Miss Alice Holmes IS spending the
weekend in Norman visiting her
sister. Miss Genevievc, a student in
the University Of Oklahoma.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-11-22

J. L. Powers. director OF athletics
in the Chickasha high school, is visit
ing friends in Norman today.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-11-22
Unless Ratification Is Completed by
United States Pact May Be Held
In Present State After De-
cember I.
WOULD ALSO HOLD UP
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
First Meeting of League Must Be
Held On Day Treaty Is Opera
tive; Would Require Add
tional Hun Guarantees.
BY United Press.

by United Press.
Paris, Nov. 22. Unless the ratifi-
cation Of the peace treaty is complet-
ed by America it may not be declar-
ed effective on December I, it is an
nounced.
This was the tentative decision
She supreme council announced. Tho
plan to make the treaty operative on
December | was based on the as
sumption that tho United Etates sen.
ate would compromise and accept
the treaty before that time.
1t is imperative that the first meet
ing Of he League CT Nations be held
The same day on which tho treaty
becomes effective. This meeting will
only be called locally by President
Wilson.
1t Is feared here that the senate's
rejection Of the treaty just prior to
its unexpected adjournment will re-
suit Ill indefinitely postponlng the
date Of making the treaty effective
as well as the meeting for the or.
ganization OF the League Of Nations.
The sentiment prevails that il the
league fails to materialize, the allies
plan to make demands on Germany
Tor additional guarantees.
These arc expected to include tho
cession of the left bank OF the Rhine
and the saar basin to France, tho
rectification Of the Belgian frontier
further German disarmament, tho
surrender of all Of Germanys war
new arrangement for the
payment Of reparations by Germany
and, possibly, the annexation of Hell
igoland by England
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-11-22

J. Z. Black returned this morning
from Ell Reno, where he witnessed
The Chickasha-El Reno football
battles.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-11-22

faithfully represents the situatio
over the entire state, if not over
majority of the entire cotton belt.
Those affected by the condition arr
the farmer, the gin, street buyer, tn
compress men and the firm
that buys thousands Of bales
year for export, or sale to port mar
kets. And it's all brought about by
the coal strike and labor situation.
No Market Here.
Yesterday afternoon a representa-
tive CT big cotton firm here stated
that cotton is worth from 80 to 4(
cents, but he added that there is nc
market Though the future market
is down about 800 points from the
high mark this season, the bids re
ceiyed by the farmers on the street
today ranged from 81 to &c cents anc
with the majority OF the buyers re
Sliaf'@ y make a bid Of any nature
The answer is explained by cotton
men is that cotton is simply not
moving. They explained that sucl
vast sums OF money are required tC
handle the cotton crop from field tc
spinner, that it must be handled
quickly with rapid turnover of cap
ital 1t simply is not moving now.
Compress Closing Uncertain.
Part Of tle trouble has been cotton
men point out, that the railroads can
not handle the crop. In many in
Stances trains have been taken of
because Of fuel shortage, cutting
down from day to day the outlet.
While up to the present fine the
LEGAL divisions Of the railroads have
been operating ali trains, Others have
the systems have made limitations
placing embargoes on stuff from thi.
section, as we'll as others
The local compress that pressei
tie market cotton for wide terri
tony in this section of the state, il
on the point Of closing. 1t was stat
ed yesterday afternoon that the com
press had only enough coal for
half days run. Some coal was re
ceiyed by the compress today, how
ever. The result is that the com
press viii not uuload cotton on the
local docks for compressing The
plant cannot secure enough labor tc
handle the cotton on the docks.
Shipment Of Impressed cotton is
not practical, if it were allowable An
average car holds around 100 bales
OF pressed cotton while the same car
would hold from 80 to 40 bales Of
the impressed staple 1t is pointed
out that the railroads, already hard
pressed to handle the traffic would
not permit the shipment Of any
amount Of cotton to market without
its being pressed, for the reason OF
excessive car space wastage
Gins Near Close.
The Indiahoma gins, with headquar-
ters in this city operate probably
more than 100 plants over this sec
tion. At the office Of the company
today # was stated that on an aver
age, these plants had sufficient coal
to operate 10 days.
The condition Of the cotton mar
het here is indicated by the follow
ing. Yesterday after a farmer ap-
pied to the cotton department of the
Chickasha Cotton Oil company. prob.
ably the biggest handlers of cotton
in the state. and asked for bid on
q bale of cotton. A bid was refused.
in fact he was told that the firm was
rot in position to make any offer
whatever.
Advise Farmers to Hold
This farmer was advised by E. X.
Miller manager Of the cotton de.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-11-22
WEATHER FORECAST

s&*+4*4++++*% :
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-11-22

All the latest news by
wire every day from the
United Press Association.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21

Tina, BasRnkeman Is Henry. Phone
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21
BIG NEWS COMES
FROM UVALDE WELL

Not the biggest nova. ~ Oh nceE
goes, hut biz Jews. began 10 arrive
To-Day at the offices Of the Ovaldc
"a con PAM from ia well nov going
down near OyHide. ToxaH. Il. "a.
ilnnna, secretary ana treasurer 81 the
cnHlphny to-day rercived o. dc ~ dfiii-
Inn reports which show that I'VE
showipss 81 oil and Eas have hccn on
c0untered In the last soc feet 81 drlli
lnE. which d. progressing very rapid
". The superintendent IN charge Of
drilling. who ~ an experienced ariiicr
in the Texas fields writes to Judge
Hanna thut he ~ uu 10 grr In DOUBT
Of getting oil In this we'll. and " only
open To argument aH 10 the aInouiis.
The company has chosen the aite
FOR It's econd well which is on ntruc-
ture regarded by experts as gcolog-
igilly perfect for discovery.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21
Winner of The
Herald 81 Reward

a. q. Seuneft, ssfo Eosfh ran
street. Joe R~rkrnshnrrcr, nuz 11s,
CITY. pnq Pauline Myerl 40 Nafih
slxth street. were given - reward
each today FOR rcportirF mlsspsIicf
words IN the CLASSIFIED =-=.sea u sat.
urdnt's Herntl.
raui ananine. at West HazrIdlno.
Bernadinc Lewis. 2fz North Film
and James BATES. as North
elm atgeni. we're placed on no
2ieraid subscription List fof a month !
Tree delivery
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21
COMO AwAY7

II takes a mnn 81 wisdom to uti-
lie half he knows.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21
NOW rs THE TIME TO
VACCINATE CHILDREN

School children should be vacci-
|natcd az soon aH possible. Is the adj
'vice OF superintendent John Milne Of
Ithc city schools. Under the state law
Vaccination ~ compulsory, and II tho
|iaattrf " attended TO at onc the scar
|wih BE healed aud the uncomfortable
fleets passed before the beginning of
|the tall term while n u ls put on until
Frhool opens. the children may be
irhtly sick. or indispoHcd. and have
~ stay away from school for "A few
|iayr
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21
RANoHos DE ATRIsCo
SCHOOL HOUSE ROBBED

Sometime during Saturday niRht or
sunday the school hounc at Ranchos
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21
z. m. O. A. CAMPERS WILL
RETURN HOME TOMORROW

After three wcckn dcliehtfni vact-
lion the v. Nc. O. a. campers VIII re-
turn tomorrow Two or three autos
win he sent ont 10 bring back Che re-
mining boys, fourteen In all. The
boys viii hikc from The amp ncar The
Ellis ranch. 10 placitns. where the
autos Will pick them up. Mr.. Sprh"s,
IN whose charge the camp has been,
reports a very successful vacation,
with little rain
A group OF Y. N. c. A. mon from
"a PaHo stopped here this morning
Ca out 60 tho Y. NJ Hchool at EHtos
Park. Colorado. =. D. Bryant. TIM
general rccraiary ut ~ Pnso, waa ~
OF the number. Mr. isox, OF the local
y. expects to Join them at Estes Park
In q Few days.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21

Giles valued AZ about eleven dollars
we're stolen therefrom. Hubano PaRs,
the curator OF the school house. re-
ported this morning that a window
had been rried up from the bottom.
breaking tho lock. the school house
entered. and four new window shndaa
new brooua. and one feather duHtnr,
taken This was about all OK value
that could be removed from the
school. These petty d~epredafIons
have been going on In rural schools
for s0me timo and efforts 20 catch
the offenders = being made.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21
ADvENTIsTs TO HOLD
CONVENTION JULY ~

The Seventh Day AdvcnLst will
hold a safe convention At Mountain
air, New AeAlco, for fea daya begin
Ming on July gan. The sessions Will
DO held IN n large tent while the dol
tfatcs VIII be- housed IN small tents
Old iaahioncd camp meeting. Dr.
n. ~. J. Richards. PRECEDENT ~ The
New Mexico conference. md former
~ 81 Washington, -. O.. will preside.
There viii BE- about twelve or nftccn
delegates from Albuquerque, and II
IN expected that over 100 deirntea
from all oyer .he state win attend.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21
Conference of Tax
Attorneys Called
by State n ,ission

Santa Re, n. ~, July 2H.-Chief
|Tax Commissioner i. y. saint toda,
called n conference of an tho states
special taN attorneys with h state
tax commission. for July 2bth. Al
that umc tho recent reNiHioas OF the
state taN laws VIII he taken up In de-
tail aud a long Ne; Of qucs'iOns .aiscd
before j. conuigsiDn ~ during thsir
l%recent hearinfs throughout tho state
viii be submitted To- 'ho attni noys Tor
|~diecumfion aud ndvlc..
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21
MISS ESTHER FARMER
WEEDS Mr.. PETER BAN

Miss Esther Farmer Of his rity,
and Mr.. Pete ban of DE swct. s. D.,
were united In marriage last evening
at tho Congregational church. II wan
known to bat few That the marriage
was 10 take place last mint, and the
large number Of members who we're
present az the Christian Endcnyor
meeting ~ tho close OF which the cor
omony was solemnixcd, considered
themselves most fortunate 10 be wit
ncsacs Of The event The bride was
attended by Miss Eva seth. the pres
idrnt 81 the society. and the groom ny
Mr.. George Bellmao. Both bride and
groom were members % Tho Chris
Tan tudcavor society OF tho church,
Mr. Han having been an attendant
during his stay here last winter.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ban arc spending a
few days at the home Of the latter's
fniiof in this city. after witch they
will visit at the Farmer ranch. The
young couple VIII innke thelr home
% De SWEET. 8 ID.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21

The war department EQUALLY list
dated July 70, includes but one New
MeXico name hat Of AnaFiacin Mon
aon OF Mrs. Marie D. Montoya.
street. Santa Pc. reported as
seriously wounded.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1919-07-21

spinstors are not partial to adj
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05
ORDINANCE NO. %

An Ordinance Regulating the Keep
ing of Swine Within the Limits of
the City of Jerome. Idaho; Pre-
scribing the Penalty for the Nio-
lation Thereof, and Declaring an
Emergency.
BE 1T ORDAINED BY THE MAY
OR AND COUNCIL OF THE CITY
OF JEROME. IDAHO:
Section l. That it shall be unlaw-
full for any person or persons TO keep
swine within the limits of the city
of Jerome. either on his own prem
ises or on the premises of another
within distance of five hundred
feet of any residence or public
building.
Section ,. Any person or persons
violating the provisions of this ord
nance shall be deemed guilty of an
offense and upon conviction thereof
shall be fined in a sum not exceed
ing One Hundred Dollars ($1OOD.
and in default OF payment thereof
shall be confined in the city or coun-
ty Jail at the rate of one day for
each of $3.50 OF fine and costs.
Section 8 Whereas an emergency
exists. this ordinance shall take eff
feet from and after its passage. ap-
proval and due publication accord
ing to law.
Passed this 3rd day of June. 1919.
Approved this Bird day of June.
1919
(sEAL) ANDERs ANDERSON.
Attest Mayor
J. R. KEENAN,. city Clerk.
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05
ri - - - - - p. - - H
- -
- APPLETON >
p A.
APPLETON


- - - ~ - - - - ~
Through the Efforts OF Miss Haun.
our primary teacher Appleton com
munity had "a very good Decoration
Day program MI Roberts gave a
splendid address, our Unfinished
Task" other numbers OF the pro-
gram We're the completion OF the
serN ice flag. which Mr Roberts ded-
icated so long ago. song 10y Re-
becca Thomas, recitations by Mrs.
Guy Humphrey. MT Thomas and
Elizabeth Ann Humphrey Contrib
buted
Phones were installed Thursday
and Friday. Use them TO help out
our news column.
Rev Johns. OF the Methodist
church. of Wendell viii preach at
the school house next sunday Come
and hear him.
Rev Flanagan gave a good sermon
last Sunday. and Will be with US
again in two weeks
Miss Bertha Davis has a position
in Jerome for the summer
Mrs. W. J. James left Monday for
HALEY to join her husband ON their
homestead Mrs James has been
staying with her sister. Mrs Il ii.
Gordon.
Mr. and Mrs NauAusdel and lit
tie daughter. of Jerome. We're sun
day guests at +. Il. Davis home.
The results OF last weeks thresh-
ing were 1000 pounds OF alfalfa seed
for H. H. Gordon and seven bushel
of red clover for r. S Blair
At H. f. Gordons home they
nave he-n eating strawberries for
two weeks
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05
MIR. MisIer Cured of indigestion

Some time in 1909 when had
an attack of Indigestion and every
thing looked gloomy to me. re-
ceived free sample of Chamber
lain's Tablets by mail. l gave them
a trial and they were such q help to
me that | bought = package and I
can truthfully say that have not
had a similar attack since" writes
VIM e Wisler. Douglassville. Pa
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05
ELDORADO HEIGHTS

Eldorado Heights Civic club will
Mrs r. H. Griffths. All members
are urged to be present
r. c. Frost and family are going
to enjoy new tour-rooul house
this summer Work on the founda-
ton has heen started
Charles Nays and family. Mr. and
III Mrs Clarence King. Mrs Cults
Miss y abe. Fairman, Mr.. and Mrs
p q Fairran and Paul enjoyed Sun.
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05

Gay dinner with MIR and Mrs G.. Z
King
MIR Thomas Powers. of Cambridge.
Kansas. is visiting at the home OF
his sister. Mrs Buckles
\ barn on the McIver farm was
blown over by the strong wind last
Wednesday night. and was found
next morning in the road
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05
CLASSIFIED LOCALS

i.."a a''s---' lines or less. - cent. ncr
n.y.. ,.u'' over > lines. > o,n,s ncr Ina
go1 'ssn'' MI readers in the rIassi
"'' columns 10 be- paid m nj, nnc'
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05
TAKEN "

TAKEN UP About e.
steers, both branded Il 4
side. and left ears cut W.
white faces. owner ''i
by paying for keep nv s"I u
Jacob Peterson. . hll''
miles south of Jerop''
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05
WENT AsTRn

STRAYED Two mM NV.
branded K.C. on shou'S, w.
rel. white stripe down "a, "a
full circle. blotched OF l,, "A
Gle. Take up and noun 4,
ham. Hagerman, ldA"O'
reward.
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05

o :, seen at 'o'A'.s 1-.n-
" "''4h '''4'' tel
sa
only Ask about g az ~
acres Goose .-
Ma ABOUT %
'" acre all D.. .-''-. IA
ed
FOR SAIL GOOD a. o.
"ill drive to tasr s-w ~
Marble 'ooA cl'
pa
FOX SALE Mo.e,r. a.
AZ Lawronr' ..-. ss-- a.
J \ WIS.,
ron sAtr t,,...
700 49,. ~ 49, fr
a N Ta,lor uom. tis vi
Idaho
ron sal, r, NJ
VH NJ ~ CO
us ,a'N'l.t W.. ''','
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05

FOR SALE Hrr,
Dee seen az Dortols b.4.n-
VI J brllRcmaa
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05

FOR SALE ro0u .
west 81 school ou sol'a 8.
VIII finish painting uaf
one broom house i'
OF same bloch lon
sell cheap owner on l'
after six " J Hros-
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05

FOR SALE rlceie-
business in grUalrg 'ls-
too large FOR u, 40 ha--
y VI Tay Tor. Hone 0i'
Idaho
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05

FOR SALE Erce
disc talking machine a.. 81
ont aasortmcrf ~ 4'H
VIII sell cheap call
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05

FOR SALE M.a,- l...
Al Lawr'rr' .s- .
J 4 Wis.
Jerome County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1919-1920, 1919-06-05

FOR SAIL Good a'-
Wiil drive 90 .Kr t.u
Marble Cooh
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1919-01-17
Help is Needed to
KeepCampBenning

ATLANTA, Jan. 17.-That the gov
eminent may not carry out the big
project of an infantry and small arms
school of training near Columbus, I'M
less the commercial bodies of the
State exert themselves in an effort to
keep it there, is the information that
is brought back by J A. McCrary,
treasurer of the J. B. McCrary Co,
engineers and contractors specializing
in sewage and lighting system, and
who went to the national capital to
close a contract for installing these
facilities at the camp.
More than 10000 acres of land adj
jacent to Columbus have been acquir-
ed by the government. The camp is
to be known as Camp BenRing Plans
provide for a large force of men,
probably as many as 10000, and for
a school of instruction in military
tactics, machine gun and artillery fire
The size of the reservation makes it
possible to have target practice with
long-range guns shooting thirteen
miles
The adverse action of the Senate
committee, states Mr. McCrary, has
placed the project in considerable
jeopardy, and there is an undercur-
rent of opposition working against it.
With the various other government
establishments already located in
Georgia. Camp Benning would be a
great asset to the State