The Alaska daily empire., 1919-05-10

steps to procure it's release from
 such obligations
 | ARTICLE 21.
 Nothing in this covenant shall be deemed to affect the validity of in ternational engagements, such as
 treaties of arbitration or regional
 understandings like the Monroe Doc
 Urine for securing the maintenance of
 peace.
 ARTICLE P.
 | To those colonies and territories
 which as a consequence of the late
 war have ceased to be under the
 sovereignty of the States which for
 merly governed them, and which are
 inhabited by peoples not yet able
 to stand by themselves under the
 strenuous conditions of the modern
 world, there should be applied the
 principle that the well-being and de.
 velopment of such peoples form g
 sacred trust to civilization, and that
 securities for the performance of
 this trust should be embodied in this covenant
 The best method of giving practi. cable effect to this principle is that the tutelage of such peoples be en- | trusted to advanced nations who. by reason of their resources, their ex. perience or their geographical posi- | tion, can best undertake this re- sponsibility, and who are willing to accept it, and that this tutelage should be exercised by them as mandatories on behalf of the League The character of the mandate must differ according to the stage of de- velopment of the people, the geo graphical situation of the territory it's economic condition and other similar circumstances.
 Certain communities formerly be longing to the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of development where there existence as independ ent Nations can be provisionally rec ognized subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities E;nst be principal consideration in the selection of the mandatory. Other peoples, especially those of Central Africa, are at such stage that the mandatory must be re sponsible for the administration Of the Territory under conditions which will guarantee freedom of conscience or religion subject only to the main teance of public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses such as the above trade, the arms traffic and the liquor traffic and the proven tion of the establishment of fortifi. cations or military and naval bases and of military training of the Ma tiOns for other than police purposes and the defense of territory and will also secure equal opportunities for the trade and commerce of other members of the League.
 There are territories, such as Southwest Africa and certain of the South Pacific Islands, which, owing to the sparseness of their popula- tion or their small size, or their re moteness from the centers of civ,li- zation or their geographical contig- uity to the territory of the manda tory and other circumstances, can be best administered under the laws of the mandatory as integral DOT 0P tto cv,h fn safeguards above mentioned in the interests of the indigenous pOpuia. tion In every case of mandate the mandatory shall render to the Council an annual report in refer ence to the territory committed to- its charge.
 The degree of authority, control or administration to be exercised by he mandatory shall if not previous ly agreed upon by the members of the League. be explicitly defined in each case by the Council.
 A permanent commission shall be constituted to receive and examine the annual reports of the mandator 'es and to advise the Council. ARTICLE 23.
 Subject to and in accordance with he provisions of international con ventions existing or hereafter to Dc agreed upon, the members of the League. (a) will endeavor to secure md maintain fair and humane con ditions of labor for men, women and children, both in their own coun' | tries and in all countries to which 'heir commercial and industrial rela.
 tions extend, and for that purpose
 will establish and maintain the nee
 essary international organizations; | (b) undertake to secure just treat
 nent of the native inhabitants of erritories under their control; Co will entrust the League with the ,, general supervision over the execa ion of agreements with regard to he traffic in women and children, md the traffic in opium and other dangerous drugs; (d) will entrust |