davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26
Still Opposed
By Some

The project of health insurance is, of
course, obnoxious to persons who cling
blindly to the DID, conservative, individual
istic ideal. AS solution to the problem
of workmen's insurance, this ideal offers
merely the gospel of thrift supplemented by
the advocacy of a living wage. That is, the
solution Of the problem is found in the pay
ment of an adequate living wage to every
WORKER adequate not only for the comfort
able maintenance of the individual and fam
,ly. but also for provision against all emer-
gencies OF life, including accident, sick
ness, unemployment, invalidity and old age
and the practice on the part Of each
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26
five Hundred Million
Lost in Sickness

ne essence OF insurance is simply the
distribution among number of persons
OF volume OF loss which, if borne inoi-
Vldualiy, would in many cases be over
whelnlng, bat which can be borne collec-
lively with comparative ease. This insur-
ance principle has been applied widely in
the field OF business, but hitherto. az Pro-
lessor Irving Fisher has pointed out. it has
Deen utilized only to a very slight extent
Tor the purpose Of relieving the hazards
ard hardships Of the workers. "The we'll
to Co., says Professor Fisher, "have long
made use of it in fire insurance, life in
surance, fidelity insurance, plate glass in
surance, steam boiler insurance. and 10
some extent. accident and health insur
ance. The capitalist has long endeavored
10 eliminate, or at least to reduce. every
determinable risk. But the curious and
melancholy fact is that outside Of work
mems compensation the poor in this country
have received, as yet very little benefits
from the application of the insurance prin-
ciple. Yet it is the poor whose need Of
health insurance is greatest. and for two
important reasons. One is that the worker
is more likely to lose his health than the
~A'SNA'HN' ne other reason IS tnat
any loss from sickness is a far more vital
matter to the poor than to the rich"
The application of the insurance principle
10 effect an equitable and tolerable dis
tribution Of the industrial sickness loss
Will accomplish the secondary object of
reducing the amount of this loss Just as
the spread of fire insurance has operated
to promote fire prevention and that of
accident Insurance to encourage accident
prevention, SO the introduction of health
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26

tees for little more than fifty years, the
work Of fixing the heirshp at the present
time has been the work of scholars and
gencalogists as well as LAWYERS
The case went first before the Bristol
County Probate Court, and there many
views were expressed by the attorneys rep
resenting the various heirs as to the man
ner in which the estate should be distrib-
uted, but all agreed that proper distribu-
ton of the trust fund was as If 1t had
been the property of Gideon HoaUgaud
and as If he had died roithout last aoils
and testament on the date of Mrs.
Green's death.
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26
What the Court
Found

The court found it to be fact that there
had been part performance of this agree
mont. But upon the death of Miss How
land it was found that she had left as her
last will quite another instrument. The
paper was dated September l, 1863, with
codicl dated some fourteen months later,
and that by the terms Of the instrument
Hetty Robinson took only the income of
the trust estate. At that time this had
value of about $3.50 900, so that for the
remainder of her life Miss Robinson was
reasonably sure of an income of $4,000 to
100000 year. This did not suit her at all.
She wanted the absolute control of the en-
tire Rowland fortune, hence the contest
which she made through Sidney Bartlett,
B. r. Curtis and +. C. Loring, three of the
most able lawyers then in practice in New
England The trustees were represented by
b. f. Thomas, 7. D. Eliot and T. NJ. Stet-
son and the case was heard and decided
by Circuit Justice Clifford.
This case, coming for trial as it did
at about the close of the Civil War, was
in ono respect affected, to degree, at least,
by n recent act of Congress, which pro-
vdcd "That in the courts of the United
States there shall be no exclusion of any
witness on account of color, nor in any
civil action, because he is party to. or has
interest in the issue tried" 1t was also
decided in the that "if the respondent
have no personal knowledge of the matter
set forth in any particular allegation of
the bill Of complaint, denial by the re-
spondent upon information and belief is
sufficient to make it necessary for the COM
plainant to prove the same"
Justice Clifford held that the apparent
intent Of the notifications in the Federal
evidence act was intended to make the rules
of evidence alike in both the state and
United States courts and he also held that
Miss Robinson could not testify herself
as to transactions with statements mado
by tho aunt and when he came to write
the opinion felt only called upon to decide
If the other evidence in tho case suf
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26
A VIII Without
A Way

There also a good deal of testimony
taken in the case, the purpose of which was
to show that the will forgery. but it
upheld as genuine. Justice Clifords
final conclusion was that the evidence failed
to show q contract-a promise for prom
isc-as claimed by the plaintiff; and that
contracts Of such a character without
proofs cannot be enforced. He also said
that there were very few decided cases on
the main point Of the case-the exchange
Of withstand that Of those which had been
before the courts tho decisions were nearly
equally divided, even when the facts were
fully proved. He cited Judge Story as
holding chat a contract to make mutual
wills, if one Of the parties has died having
made a will according to the agreement,
will be decreed in equity to be specifically
executed by the surviving party, If he has
enjoyed the benefit of the will of the other
party" The court made much Of the fact
that the wills of aunt and niece we're ex-
coated at different times, and also that
Miss Rowland did not know the contents of
the paper handed her by Miss Robinson
that proof was wholly lacking on that point
Every now and then Hctty Green made
appeals to the court and stated that the
trustees were not giving her so large an
amount OF income as the size of trust war
rnnted. However, as she outlived her aunt
about fifty-one years, not far from $3,000,-
600 flowed to her as income from this trust,
and make or lose in her investments, she
received at least $4,000 per month from her
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26

worker Of the virtue OF thrift to make such
provision through individual saving unaded
by any contributions from employer or
state This ideal is attractive in theory
fer it promises strong society made up of
free men cooperating under contract-to
use the phrase of that stalwart individual
ist, the late Professor William Graham
Sumner. But the ideal is not attainable
in practice, and offers no workable solution
of the problem of health insurance under
existing economic and social conditions.
ln the first place, economic conditions
made adequate saving for the great mass
of the working population an utter impos-
sibility. In general. economic pressure
tends to keep wages below the level Of
fully adequate living wagc-that is, ade-
Quate for maintenance with sufficient
margin for saving. This pressure makes
itself felt with particular severity in any
period of advancing prices and rising cost
OF living. 1t IS an economic axiom that the
rate of wages rises more slowly and in
less degree than the prices of the commodi-
ties that wages must purchase For over
twenty years the cost of living has been
rising in all industrial countries. almost
steadily, and,- in the recent period. very
sharply. There can be no doubt that the
advance Will continue for the visibly dis
tant future as the main causes that brought
1t about will stiN continue to operate. With
this outlook it is idle to expect that wages.
IN general, can be raised to level that will
offer margin for saving, to provide prop
erly for sickness and other emergencies in
the life OF the worker The gospel Of thrift
addressed to workers confronted by this
concrete condition loses its compelling an
peal. 1t will hardly be accepted as the sole
solvent of the ills that beset labor.
On the part Of employers there will
doubtless develop growing disposition to
tall into line with the movement for social
insurance in consequence of the new neces-
sity for conserving the labor force which
arises from conditions The war has
made labor scarce and dear, and has thus
furnished a strong incentive for its con
servation. In proportion as it becomes
more difficult to secure and retain an ade-
quatc supply of efficient labor it becomes
lncreasingly ly urgent to conserve the labor
supply by conserving human life This
consideration affords good reason for pre-
dieting that health insurance will win favor
with employers in the reconstruction period.
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26
COmpuIsi0n a
Prime Necessity

In applying the insurance principle in
The field of health insurance. conlpulsjon is
an absolute requisite to the attainment of
the desired end The necessity for con,nul
sion has been tersely stated by the secre-
tary of a State Federation Of Labor in these
words: "Health insurance must be compul-
sorry IL all the employers owning dirty fac
tores are to pay their share. 1t must be
compulsory if ali wage earncrs in need of
health insurance arc to receive its benefits
The experience with voluntary agencies of
insurance has taught the lesson that per
sons most in need Of insurance protection
either can not Will not avail themselves
IN any considerable number of any volun-
tary insurance device. The idea Of compul-
sion is naturally distasteful to the Amer
lean worker, and opposition to health in
surance has been aroused in some labor
circles on this account. But there can be
no reasonable or logical opposition to the
proposed form Of compulson when rightly
understood. In the field Of education the
compulsory principle has been applied to
protect society against the menace Of Hit
eracy; in the field Of sanitation it has been
applied as q protective measure against dis
ease in the field of social insurance it's
application is clearly justified as means
of protecting society against the burden of
accident, Sickness invalidity and depend
ency. Tie Of compulsion for such ends
cannot be fairly stigmatized as un-Amercan,
AS Professor Fisher puts it:
"According to the logic of those now
shedding crocodile tears over health insur-
ancc We ought, in order to remain truly
American and truly free, to retain the prec-
ious liberties of our people to be illiteratc,
to be drunk, and to suffer accidents with
out indemniicaton, as we'll as to be sick
without ndemnifcaton. In fact, if com
pulsory health insurance is tyranny, all la
Dor laws, all tenement laws, all health laws,
all pure food laws, even all laws, are tyr
amy. In fact, all laws are an interference
with some ones liberty, even laws against
vice and crime. It is the nature of the law
to restrict But it is by the compelling
hand OF the law that society secures liberia
tion from the evils of crime, vice, ignorance.
accidents, unemployment, invalidity and dis
ease"
The main objections to the programme of
health insurance, aside from the mistaken
be reduced to the contention that it would
encourage maingering and thus increase
the amount of the industrial time loss on
account Of Sickness Attention is called to
the fact that in European countries which
have adopted sickness insurance on large
scale the average number of days lost
through sickness has increased. We are
told that in Germany the average number
of days lost per insured person arose from
SO in 1885, when the sickness insurance
laws had just gone into effect, to 9.19 in
1915, and that in Austria the number in
creased from 79S in 1890 to 9.45 in 1918.
This rise in the sickness curve in Germany
and Austria has been interpreted as re-
11ecting "a growing tendency to malinger
and take advantage of the sick benefits
provided" This Interpretation is open to
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26
ring Down That $50OO00,0OO Loss From Sickness

insurance will stimulate sickness prevcn-
ton and health conservation. The appli-
cation of the insurance principle in anv
held at once directs attention to the cost
OF the hazard or loss covered by insurance.
and thus furnishes q direct incentive to
reduce the amount Of such hazard or loss.
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26
Cannot Be
Kept Down

The various conditions and tendencies
which have been outlined briefly will com
hine to make powerfully for the success of
the movement for health insurance. On the
other hand, the forces aligned against this
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26

in remembrance that Hetty was at the
time only twenty-nne years of age, and
perhaps more given to sentiment than later
in life. No such will of hers was ever
probated.
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26
One Thing the Governor Asked
For and May Cet-~
Health Insurance
By F. Spencer Baldwin

Manager State Insurance FUND Mem Yot State Industrial Commission
New-York tribune., 1919-01-26
By John D. Anderson

" YER since 1865, or for more than
III half a century, one phase or an
II other of the famous Sylvia Ann
Howland will has been in the Fed
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06

Thirty-frst and N streets, an
nounces the election of the follow
ing ofiicers: Henry Hunt, president;
Earl Haycock. vice president; James
Keating, secretary: Miss Hazel Lad
SON, Bible readers leader; Mrs.
Myers. chorister; Miss Doris Meyers.
pianist; Miss Marion Green; assist
ant pianist: Miss Ada Wyatt.
librarian; Miss Mary Ford, cores
ponding secretary. Miss Annia R
Hunter, Miss Minnie Rouse, Miss
Annie Meats and Mr.. Slack were
named as group captains.
manding the Georgetown Police Pre-
cinct oficially known as No. z. has
succeeded in Riding the community
Of gypsy fortune-teIlers. Many of
these swarthy seers and second
sight. artists had located in various
parts Of Georgetown and were reap
ing harvests of shekels from the
superstitious.
The Volunteers OF America held q
special service last night in their
rooms at zs09 NJ street The meet
ing was in charge of Staff Capt and
Mrs. l. r. Carter, of Philadelphia
An augmented program OF music
was a feature. The directors Of the
Georgetown branch are Adjutant
and Mrs. R l. Granger.
DR.. James D. Eaton, who resided
many years in the State of Chfhua-
hua, Mexico. delivered an interest
ing discourse yesterday at Cleve-
land Park Congregational Church.
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06

Georgetown residents are plan
ming . patriotic ceremony to mark
the laying of the cornerstone Of the
entrance to the Key Bridge, the
construction of which Is rapidly
proceeding.
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06

setts. win be the principal speaker.
The school VIII be tendered 70 the
university by the Rev. Edmund A.
walsh, 8. J.. regent while Rev. John
B. Creedon. 8. J., will receive it a.
the head OF the university. Glasses
in the new school. which viii be
housed at Sixth and z streets north
west. were started last week.
Fatherwslsh last night announced
the following additions 20 the for
eign service school faculty: wes-
ley Frost. United States Consul at
Queenstown when the Lusitsnia was
sunk; DR.. Ernest Bogart special sd-
wiser Of the State Department, and
Prof W. w. wi1loughby. economist
and foreign trade expert
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06
Navy Yard Dispensary
Superintendent Dies

Capt. Edward Grshame Parker.
o. 8. N. superintendent Of the dis
penssry at the wsshfngton Navy
Yard. died yesterday in his quarters
at the navy yard from a stroke of
apoplexy. He had been in good
health He had been stationed at
the navy yard since the beginning
of the war. He was q native OF
Massachusetts and was ts years old.
He leaves his widow. q daughter and
q son
Funeral services will be held at
ST. Margarets Church at O'Clock
this afternoon. and interment will
be IN Arlington Cemetery.
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06

Thomas o'Keefe. a veteran Of the
Spanish war and a popular resi-
dent of Georgetown, has been ap-
pointed a guard in the State, War
and Navy Building.
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06

The Georgetown river front. which
many years ago compared in import
ance with that Of New York City. Is
at last to receive a measure Of atten-
ton at the hands of the District au-
thorities. The roadway of Water. or
K street, which extends along the
front. is to be paved with stones from
the bridge across Rock Creek to Thir-
ty-second street. II Is said the appro-
priation with which the Improvement
Is to be made Ii only sufficient to
carry the paving to Thirty-second
street. much to the disappointment Of
the owners Of the big business con-
Germs west Of the latter street.
It is pointed out that some Of the
large manufacturing plants will still
be left in the veritable mudpuddle
between Thirty-second and Thirty
fourth streets. The principal activities
are west Of Thirty-second street, and
prominent manufacturers are asking
why the really important section OF
that thoroughfare was omitted from
the estimates and the unimportant
section included.
Included in the manufacturing plants
that will be Disseminated against are
the Arlington Mills. the only hour
manufacturing concern IN the District
of Columbia; the big paper mills. an
ice factory. ship chambers and others.
When the party Of congressmen
make their trip through the historic
and quaint precincts Of Old George
town in the near future. It Is proposed
to take them along Water street and
show them the venerable warehouses.
some of which are moro than a CEN
tury old. Their attention also will be
called to the street conditions and to
the necessity Of restoring the wharves
along the river front.
Upon the return Of 3. A. Bowies
from St. Louis. where he has been
attending the bankers convention,
steps will be taken to arrange for the
resumption Of the meetings Of the
Georgetown Citizens Association. of
which be Is president At the Poto-
mac Savings Bank, where Mr.. Bowles
Is cashier. II was said he Is expected
home tomorrow or not later than
Wednesday.
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06
'fPlane" Falls on Policeman.

When an airplane flew through
the Union Station waiting room last
night performing all sorts Of
stunts" and finally crashed upon
the head of Patrolman ]. Reed, he
was untntured and just looked up
and grfnned
No, a marvel has not been per-
formed, for the airplane was one of
those toys which some playful
youngster had started on flight to
amuse himself
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06
Declare Congress Can
Regulate Rail Earnings

The National Association Of Owners
Of Railroad Securities last night made
public an opinion Of its advisory coun-
Gil to the effect that Congress has the
constitutional power to regulate ex-
cess earnings Of railroads, over and
above a fair return UPON the value Of
their property.
The advisory board is made up Of
former Senator Elihu Root and John
G. MiIburn. Of New York. John S. Mil
Ter. Of Chicago. Hugh L Bond. jr..
Of Baltimore, and Forney Johnston of
Birmingham. They take decided issue
with the opinion recently announced
by Charles <. Hughes. They declare
that Mr.. Hughes conclusions are ar
ton
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06
Live Georgetown News and Business Announcements

Wilson and praying for his speedy
recovery were adopted by the Army
and Navy Veterans Of Georgetown
at a meeting Saturday night They
were sent to the Presidents secre-
tary. Joseph P..Tumulty. signed by
the committee. William A. Hickey,
chairman; Ernest Brunner. Jere-
miah Sullivan. George Dunbar.
George W. Hall and Daniel o'con-
nor.
Announcement was made last
night that Holy Trinity Church
and Georgetown University will
have approximately 1000 men and
boys in the Holy Name parade Sun
day, October d9. This contingent
will be headed by John Hadley
Doyle, president Of the District of
Columbia and Maryland Archdioce-
san Holy Name Society.
Miss Florence Lyddane, for seven
years a teacher OF the sixth grade
at the Hyde public school, has
been promoted and transferred to
the seventh grade.
Recorder of Deeds John F. Co.'S
tello. 1888 P street. who also is
Democratic national committeeman
for the District Of Columbia at
tended the recent meeting Of the
Democratic national committee at
Atlantic City.
Thomas O'Keefe. a veteran OF the
Spanish war and a popular resi-
dent of Georgetown, has been ap-
pointed a guard in the State, War
and Navy Building.
Georgetown residents are plan
ming q patriotic ceremony to mark
! the laying Of the cornerstone Of the
F., entrance to the Key Bridge, the
construction of which is rapidly
proceeding.
The necessity for the appoint
! ment Of . night watchman to guard
! the group Of public buildings
Curtis, Hyde and Addison-wi1l be
! set forth In q communication to
the board of education from citi-
1ens in that locality.
The Young Peoples Union. Of the
West Washington Baptist Church
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06

!
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06
Stricken With ParaIysis.

Newland Stokes, aged rs. 32s John
Marshall place northwest. was
stricken with paralysis at Seventh
and D streets northwest last night.
He was sent to Emergency Hospital.
His condition is serious. His sister,
Miss Mary Stokes. who lives with
him. was notified
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06

Thirty-fourth and Lowell streets.
His topic was Cords Of q Man"
Georgetown will have a handsome
library building IL plans considered at
q conference last night are carried
into effect It having been learned
by Mrs. Louise valdemann that there
Is s310.oo available for the erection
of five branches of the Public Library
In the District by the Carnegie Foun-
dation. steps were taken TO form an
association to urge that one Of the
branch buildings be located west Of
Rock Greek. The Georgetown Citizens
Association will be asked to assist
in the movement There was q branch
Of the Public Library IN the Hyde
public school building. o street be-
tween Thirty-second and Thirty-third
streets, but IL was discontinued at the
time the United States entered the
war.
Announcement IL made by Edmund
Sullivan, Potomac avenue and N
street, who is Assistant secretary Of
the National Bureau. Friends Of Irish
Freedom. that steps are being taken
to form an auxiliary branch in George
town Among those Interested IN the
matter are Patrick T. Moran, Jere-
miah O'Connor and William A
Hickey.
Formal induction exercises will be
held in CASTOR hall. Thirty-seventh
and o streets northwest, tomorrow
night when the new school Of for
eign service will be enrolled as a
department Of Georgetown Univer-
sity. Senator walsh. of Massaehu-
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06
Arrested a Drunks.

Albert Knott, s12 Sixth street
northwest. and Ernest A Knott, 457
G street northwest, were locked up
at the Seventh precinct station
house last night. charged with in
toxication. assault and disorderly
conduct. The men are brothers.
The FIRST public performance on
piano was In Covent Garden. Lon
The Washington herald., 1919-10-06

Resolutions expressing sorrow be-
cause of the illness OF President
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1919-09-05
NEW GRAVEL PIKE
ABOUT COMPLETED
Constructed Of Material
Found In Knox County
Near Improvement

The new gravel pike connecting the
Coshocton road with Gambler is al
most completed, the contractors are
now working on the section entering
Gambler. This road is pronounced
by many experienced road-men as
tho finest piece of road to be found in
this part of the country.
The best thing about this road is
that it is constructed from local ma
terials, and when finished it will have
cost but about one-third of the money
necessary to put down the usual int
proved road in Ohio. This road is
made of stone and gravel, the mater
ials all being fotnd in the vicinity of
the road. The roadbed is worked up
and drained in exactly the same
manner as the other improved roads,
and it is believed that it will stand
the wear of traffic as we'll If not bet
ter than the more costly roads. One
thing is sure, this sand road will be
much better on auto tires and horses
than any brick or cement road that
can be de,.jed.