davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-02-24
FUND FOR DRUG
ADDICT IS 242
No More Money Is Needed
and Treatment IsPro-
ceeding.

The West yirginiap1s in receipt Of
some very interpehg letters which
9hpw cry plainly that even outside Of
FahQont thlfe are big hearts. Eleven
year 6ld Joseph Congleton from Man
ningtop hent in list Of contributors
who m dohated toward the sum need.
ed for the cnfA OF the morphine addict
w4tten about tASt week in The West
Nirginian. The snQ OF IS was collect
ed by thi searnest la who has started
life anxious to help othNrs. Those who
contributed are: MargatNt Congle eton,
Joseph Congleton, Mrs. w. Morgan,
Mr.. and Mrs. A. w. Sayre, B. BsAN itch
ell, Mrs. j. M. Haugh. Mrs. George
iHopwood, Jr., Mrs. Ward Cunningham,
Mrs. F. NJ. Higgs, Mrs. !. j. Norris,
John r. %Rogerson, Paul Masters. Mr..
Higgins. Mabel Calvert. Merl Arnett.
Several donated without giving names
and the amount sent in has been add.
ed to several other amounts which ar
rived after the 5000 asked was collect.
ed, all Of which will be sent to this
woman where it will be used for her
benefit.
The West Virginian is also in receipt
of another list Of contributors who
haev sent in $3.50 with donations
from the following persons at Metz,
w. Va: Bertha Talkington, w. n.
Talkington, John Smith, Homer Camp
bell, Howard Rice, Bessie Freeland, J..
w. Freeland, Mrs. F'lossie Hayes, Mrs.
Tillie Kerns, Mrs. Elizabeth Hayes, T.
sP. Freeland, Mrs. Irene Rudleson,
Emma Robey, Mrs. Jane Robey, Wil.
liam Robey, Mrs. William Crouser,
Mrs, Ernest Moore, L. Shackelford, j.
n. Gray, Guy Toothman, Mrs. p. F.
Baker, Villa Haught, Mrs. Edna Gray,
Mrs. L. A. Orndoff, Mrs. Louie B. Sni-
der, Mrs. Martha B.. Rownd, Ell. Mar
tin, NJ. C. Hamilton, r., L. Wilson, Rus
sel Crouser, j. sB. Campbell, William
Laughlin, w. Raigwel. Mrs. w. H.
Talking ton went out among her friends
and collected titis, sum in q short time
and she says she found all of them
s3aedy and Wiling 10 Qpen their hearts
and their pocke oks,l These persons
luUudtSu SuMb 4Euu az CSut6 U 14.VV
apiece. All of this money is appreciat.
ed greatly not only by The West vir.
ginian but blythe friends and family OF
the afflicted young wife, The latest
report from her states that she is do.
ing very nicely and that she is we'll
launched in the cure which it is hoped
and expected will bring her back home
sound and well. Just how long the
cure will take is not known. The re-
suit depends on the patient entirely
and some are cured faster than others.
The fee sent to the hospital covers
all charges. Altogether the sum OF
Il$242 has ben sent in to The West Vir.
ginian to be applied to expenses in
Sconnectio with theiyoung woman. All
of 1t has been sent to her. Anumber
OF others sent in money after the 5000
mark was reached.
Will each and every person who do.
mated toward this fund accept the
heartfel thanks Of both this paper and
the afflicted woman's family and
friends.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-02-24
Mrs. Anna Shaw
Dies Of Penu1nonia

Mrs. Anna Shaw, wife OF Clinton
Shaw, died on Sunday morning at 8
o'clock at her home on Ferry street
from bronchial pneumonia from which
she had been seriously i'll but q day,
having been taken much worse on
Saturday morning. The deceased is
by her husband and five
children, Asa. Mrs. Douglas Rollins,
Violet. Gladys an1 Alfredo. She was
aged 80 years. Short funeral services
win be held tonight at the residence
conducted by the Rev. Ebert Wells
OF the Diamond street M. E. church
and the body will be taken 10 Tunnels
ton tomorrow for interment by Under
,taker jenkins.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-02-24
V'icti1l:liof German
Gas WISH; inc Here

Afflicted with chronic bronchitis as;
q result OF being a victim OF mustard
gas, at Fisme, France, Harold g Holy
of Williamsburg, Pa, who is listing his
uncle. Charles A. Pilson, 702 Benoni
avenue, today still suffers from the ef.
tects OF his experiences "oyer there"
Holy was in Red Cross and base hos.
,pitals in France from Sept tember s to
December is last as q result Of being
gassed. He came to this country on
January 26, landing at Hoboken, NJ j..
Holy was connected with the sani-
Itary detachment and had been station.
ed back OF Chateau Thierry and
lFismes during the heavy fighting. Mr..
Holy related some Of his experiences
at the meeting Of the Christian En-
deayor society at Grace Lutheran
church last evening.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-02-24
Troops With Mr.
Went On 10 New
York.
45 PERSONS {. ! 'Il|IIR ON
His Party Left Late
ternoon For yEaslsins
ton.
(By AssociatedI

Nby Associates EfeeN
BOSTON. Feb a. PTeSlSsn
son landed at Commonwealth
ll:42 this morning. RetuFi To-
American soil from hts histSsy ma
ing mission abroad tho pa
companied by Mrs wilson H 3a nm
lerred IN the lower harbnf t0n (.
steamsllip George Washing In hid r..
corted by aircraft. submafisi8 Il mr..
torpedo Doat destroyHrs Sf.li a Il.Il|..
OF committee boats reached fhf Ino.
Ing place on board tie nay Quito.
Osstpee.
The President looked as tbonrt t6.
Journey had agreed wiz iiin, oh,.
icaily Less than ilalf Sn Iinn '...
consumed by the greetiii& h. .o..
as the presentations Were Completed
the presidential party atsl6f6d mo-
mobiles and began RsSrafada nr-n..
the city through streets iiifli fh.n|.|I.
out the two mile route Min Non1|.
ranks OF soldiers and 6sl0i. .....
banked with cheering tli6ua soa r
civilians.
3 .g..t y . " nj
After the President and ags WILL
son and members Of slts bfa .,Ion.|.|
party had been ia IA e. ,00 n.
sipees the HgeSi Sido1t MI n. lnr.
mander in chief Of tii q "a N .i,.o..D.I
that OF rear Adniydi Wond on |II
main truck Of. the Us sinee and |I.
cutter started for 6dlHi N6a|ih n|1.
Aboard the cutter Ay0t erters wei
coined the nation,s eSepuii8e on M.
return to home shores sH 10 uo.'rn'
The troopA wlio cam from r.ac.
with the presidential part 6o III.
transport were not tpfs0tten |n ..1
eral celebration.
The city was not alone. boue...
IN extending to tlis Ciiiet txoonIiI.
g welcome home from his |nhotA a.
the peace conference HI Paris Tor
thousands Of persons from a|| nnr'.
OF New England artiSed on .ar.<
trains to swell the tiifone ia III.
streets through whichsif was arranged
mat ne should pass 6n his way from
q. ommonwealth pier "a his hotel .n
the back bay district lFor the sr.1,
er part Of the crowd tilis was ta.
only ortunity to ses HE President
At Mechanics hall ite~ N4s |o
deliver a 3 only addSes of The d.r
buildings al. along the route or .>r
parade were ablaze with t,ao. Ind
bunting and Recognition oi ths .n'.-.
national Character o the President.
recent activities shoWn In 'to
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-02-24
Mrs. E. B. Morton
Dies In Pittsburgh

Mrs. E. B. Morton, a resident Of
Barnes street, this city, died this morn
ing at Q O'Clock in a Pittsburgh hos
she had undergone an
operation. Mrs. Morton entered the
hospital one week ago Friday. The
body will arrive here tonight at 9:40
o'clock accompanied by her husband.
1t will be taken to the family home.
Funeral services which are in charge
OF Undertaken Jenkins will be arrang-
ed after the body arrives. The de-
ceased is survived by two children.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-02-24
WANTS NEGRO CLUB.
HOUSE CLOSED UP.
Protesting Citizen Tells.
Board Of Affairs It's
A Nuisance

Declaring the negro club house on
( PENNSYLVANIA avenue was a public
nuisance Samuel Leeper, q resident Of
that section Of the city, appeared be
fore the city Bpard OF Affairs this
morning and ask1d dEthat steps be taken
3at once 10 lid the neig ghbordoUd OF III
Mr.. Leeper stated that it was as much
as a mans life was worth to pass the
building after dark and that, the house
harbored loiterers and Migrants and
that all kinds Of crimes were perpetrat-
ed there. The Board Of Affairs ex-
pressed itself as being aware Of the
conditions existing there and that po.
licemen had been notified to keep q
sharp loo kouts on the premises to dis
cover unlawful. goings on. Several
highway robberies have been staged
in this quarter and the county authori.
ties now have in their custody Dan
gerous JIM a negro who is believed
to have been the hold up man, in sew
eral instances The mater was dis
cussed pro and con by the members
of the board and Mayor Bowen was adj
|vised to have the police force on the
lookout and to rid the city Of the inuis-
ance il same could be done under the
laws.
Carl Riggs appeared before the
board and asked that asewer on
Bryant street which had ben an an
noyance for some time be. put into tit
condition. Mayor Bowen advised San
itary Officer Carl Kern to look into
1.-THE matter and see that same was re-
paired. s
Sam r. Nuzum was a visitor before
the board with reference to securing q
permit to move house from his Io-
Gust avenue lot to Alexander place.
same was granted. The house IN ques-
ton is a frame structure located on
the corner Of the Locust street lot and
samc will be moved eighty feet to
Alexander place.
Other building permits issued were
to Joseph NJ. stretchberryf to build q
two story house on Marion street to
cost 1000; to Frank Williams to build
an addition to a piece OF property on
Emerson street; to Guy G. Parker to
build a garage n Murray avenue; to
Wilbur n. Brand to build a garage Oh
Ogden avenue, and to ]. w. Heinzman
to build a chicken coop on Fifth, street.
I ll Z =
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-02-24
New Troops Of Boy
Scouts 10 ORGANIZE

During the present week new Boy
Scout troop will be organized at the
Fairmont Y. N. G. A, there being nine
teen boys already enrolled.
Bernard S. Mason, boys secretary
at the ''Y," Is organizing II. He Is
acquainted with Scout work as he was
scout Commissioned Of the Ann Arbor,
Michigan, district. No scout master
has been selected as yet for the new
troops. This will be the seventh troop
in the city.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-02-24

Miss nellie Layman Is recovering
from d weeks illness from influenza
at her home In Ogden avenue.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-02-24
FUNERArI or MRS, w. E. MEANS.

FuNERAL OF MRS. W. e. MEANS.
Funeral services over the body of
Mrs. w. 3. Means, whose death oc.
CURED on Thursday were held Sunday
afternoon from the family home on
State street. The Rev. j. Elbert Wells
OF the Diamond street NJ. 3. church
conducted the services and the body
was buried In Maple Grove cemetery
by Undsrtaker Jenkins. Among rel
atiyea here FOR. the services were r.
L. Wallace Of Portsmouth, o.. Mr..
and Mrs. I5nory Means and family, OF
Philippi, Mrs. J2,Sh Waltham. of El-
kins. X 1
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-02-24
New First Grade
At Miller Scool

Today q new room for the first
Grade children was opened at the Mil.
Ter school. Parents are pJged to start
their children at once. N s. Hawkins,
tie principal, requests parents to send
their children to thd fschool not later
than this week if pq Sible.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-02-24

Mrs. Ernest Bell and daughter, Bet.
ty Lee, who have been the guests Of
the formers parents. Mr.. and Mrs. =.
d. Conaway In Washington, D. G., have
returned home. Mrs. Bell was III.
from inflnenza during her visit home.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-12-20
Census Questions
All Must Answer

The enumeration of the population
during a census of the United states
always presents numerous difficulties
among them the apprehension on the
part Of the people, particularly those
OF foreign birth or extraction, that their
answers to the enu,Ierator's questions
will cause increased taxation, legal en-
tanglements, or other consequences In
furious to their welfare. In order to
quiet such unfounded fears and at the
same time acquaint all persons with
the main questions included in the
census schedules this statement has
been prepared.
The census Is required every ten
years by the constitution of the United
States and by act Of congress. The
date named for beginning the 1920
census is Jan. 2, but the census day"
is Jan. i. sa
In cities the population enumeration
will be completed in two weeks. ..s,s,
The enumeration of farms will be
completed within thirty days.
The censuses Of manufacturers,
mines and quarries oil and gas wells.
and forestry and forest products, will
as a rule, be taken by special agents
and by correspondence, and not by
enumerators.
The census Is the means by which
the government ascertains the increase
in the population, the statistics con-
corning agriculture, and tho vital In
formation concerning the resources OF
the nation, ~ ,ea, iss
The census inquiries are defined by
act Of congress-. y
The information gathefed Is strictly
confidential, made.so BY law.
Census information can not under
any circumstances be used - bAgta
for taxation. nor caa u b sssd g
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-12-20

harm any person o. III property.
It hgA nothing whatever, to. DO with
detection. arrest. prosecution or pun
ishment of any person for any viola
tlon OF any law. fhSS
Questions Asked Of Az Psrsens.
l. Age at last birthday g+
9. Each person ten years OF age and
over win be asked whether he 10 able
to read or write W.. HE 80
g. Each person win be asked his
birthplace as well a. the birthplace OF
father and mother. -@ 80
4. If foreign. born the date OF com
ing to the United States win be asked,
and II naturaiized, the date OF becom-
Ing n citizen; disc mother tongue or
native language. ~" - ft' .
S. Each head ofia family will be
asked whether his home liz owned or
rented by him! drowned, whether the
home Is mortgaged or free Of debt.
8. Each person VIII be asked his
occupation ana whether an employer
or employee or Is working on his own
account. % rNN G FL, ''4i,
The answers to tho above questions
give valuable and vital information TO
the government concerning the health.
welfare and progress. OF the persons
under its protection. ~. -
Questions Asked Of. Farmers.
!. Each occupant OF RAJ farm will. .be
asked how many years. IL any. he
worked on q farm for wages; how
many years, IL any. he. was a tenant;
and how many years, IL any, he farmed
as an owner, ,..-.f.,'. a.,
2. Whether he .(a) owns, or (b)
rents, or (c) partly owns and partly
rents his farm. or whether (d) he OPP
crates the farm for others as mana
ger or superintendent.
3. How many acres In his farm?
Number Of improved acres? Number
of unimproved acres and number Of
acres OF woodland?
4. Total value OF farm? Total value
Of buildings? Value OF implements and
machinery on farm!
5. Whether farm Is mortsaged, II
so the amount OF mortgage?
6. Expenses for feed. fertilizer. and
labor in the year 1919!
z. Several questions concerning ar
tificial drainage OF his farm.
s. Number Of COWS. horses, sheep,
chickens and other domestic animals
on the farm Jan. /, 1920.
3. Quantity and acreage OF all crops
grown on the farm in 1919, including
fruits and Vegetables?
10. Quantity Of milk and butter
sold off the farm during the year 1912
:, II. Acreage OF timber land on farm
and value of forest products.
Correct>answers to the above aues-
lions are Of the utmost Importance.
Tho United States department OF asri.
culture assisted the census bureau in
preparing the questions on the asri-
cultural schedule and appeals to farm
ers everywhere to keep farm records
for census purposes.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-12-20

Chicago, Dec. 20.-En!arsed receipts
put bulls at a disadvantage today. AT
FIRST there was some show OF strength
as a result Of a sharp advance In ster-
ling exchange and Il statement by the
secretary Of the treasury regarding
buying OF European Arms. Opening
prices, which ranged from 3; decline
to y advance, with January at sl.ssB
10 sl.as and May sl.S4% 20 1896. were
followed by moderate gains and then
by setback all around. Absence OF
support rather than aggressive SELL
ing seized the market later Prices
closed heavy, TO PA cents lower,
with January sl.s7 TO ti.s7A and May
5 Las 60 Sl.S5ai.
Oats.
Oats were governed by changes IN
corn. After opening unchanged 20 y
cent of, including May at say to s2aa,
the market hardened O little and then
eased down.
Provisions,
Bearishness In grain had weak
ening effect on provisions
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-12-20
Would Be Pathetic Indeed.

n the drugless doctors amend the
constitution so as to make this
meatless nation. which they promised
to do at their Atlantic City conven-
ton. we shall begin soon to read
pathetic items like this:
Samuel Jones was arrested today.
charged with being meat addict. In
the mans possession was found par
TALLY consumed lamb chop. The pris-
oner confessed that he had contracted
the meat habit in youth. sometimes
consuming as much as pound Of
steak day. He begged the judge to
send him to a sanatorium where he
could be cured OF the Woe, saying he
had become so savage from a constant
diet OF ham and lamb that he often
swore aloud when unable to find his
collar button.-H. J. B. in Philadelphia
Public Ledger.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-12-20
Range OF Chicago Grain Prices.

Chicago, Dec. 20.
Corl-Coru opened at Last highest,
i.467s: lowest, LA: closed. l.44A;
January opened at i.ssh; highest
1.ss3s; lowest, $3.50: closed. 1.s7;
May opened at i.s4as; highest, 1874;
lowest. 1854; closed, 1854.
Oats--May opened at s2N; highest
s2B; lowest, sIs; closed, So; July
opened at 7SA: highest, 7sH; lowest
75z; closed, 10.
Probationary opened .. ss.76;
highest, $685.: lowest ss.7s: closed,
$685.; May. highest $3.50; lowest,
1925; closed sS.25.
- Lard-January opened at 2s.oa;
highest, 1905; lowest, 2sO0i closed.
1900; May opened at 1882: highest,
1887; lowest. 23s0: closed, 2s.s2.
Ribs-Januery closed. 1853, May
opened at 1900: highest, 1903: lowest
1885; closed, 1902.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-12-20

MINNEAPOLIS CASH GRAIN.
Minneapolis, Dec. 20.
Corn--No. s yellow, l,i99l.5o: No. 4
yellow, 1.ssGl.l; No. yellow, 1850
lao; No. mixed, 1.4ldlH; No. 4
mixed, l.s7aLas; No. mixed, l.s5 @
Lac; other grades. i.23gi.S3.
Oats--No. 3 white. s2h as4h: No. 3
white, 81.
KANSAS CITY CASH GRAIN.
Kansas City, Dec. 20.
Corn-No. 3 mixed. LAG: No. white,
i.1s; No. white. LAS; No. 2 yellow,
I.52.
oats-Ne. 8 white. 1856.
PEORIA CASH GRAIN.
Peoria, Dec. 20.
corn--One TO ~ cents lower;
No. yellow, 1.iSlsQl.49; No, yell
low, Las: No. yellow, l.44h; No. )
mixed, LAT: No. 4 mixed. Las; No.
white. 1.4S.
Oats-One cent lower; No. 2 white.
e3h.
ST. Louis CASH GRAIN.
st. Louis, Dec. 20.
Corn-One-half to 4 cents lower; No.
4 mixed. l.44h aL4s; No. yellow, IA;
No. 4 yellow. 1.441s alas; No. 3 white,
l470l.4s: No. white. 1.4591.4s; No.
8 white, Ia.
Oats-One to IN cents lower; No. z
white. SIN; No. 8 white, s5h: No. 4
white s4,s: No. 8, SAY.
OMAHA CASH GRAIN.
Omaha, Dec. 90.
Corn--No. white, l,55; No. white,
1873; No. 1 yellow. 1.S9d1.i0; No. .
yellow, 1.sl: No. mixed, 1876 q 1.Ss;
No. mixed, 1.3S91-34.
Oats-No. , white, 50; No. 3 white,
SLY.
Rye-1!3S dl.Ss.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-12-20
LAMsoN's MARKET REPORTS.
Furnished by Lamson Bros- 4 Co. 2o3
Masonic Temple, Phone 1913.

Furnished by lamson Bros. 4 Co., 2o3
Masonic Temple, Phone 1893.
CHICAGO, Dec. 2O.-Corn-Recetpts OF
corn were much larger and with indi,
cations Of a slight increase In the
movement next week. Traders were
mostly on the selling side. The near
by deliveries, particularly January,
were weaker than the deferred months.
The general weather forecast for the
next few days ts favorable, and high
er than seasonal temperatures are
anticipated. Lower prices are predict
ed on the expectation Of more liberal
allotInents Of cars to the corn belt.
SOats-Oats were easier tho not so
weak as corn, the decline being in
sympathy with the later.
Chicago car lots-Wheat, 2ss corn.
225; oats. go.
Minneapolis car lots-wheat, sSS,
corn, 81.
Duluth car iots-Wheat -.
Winnipeg car lots-Wheat. 1885, oats,
80
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-12-20
I. w. W. SENT TO PRISON.
Twenty Seven Radicals to Serve
Terms in Leavenworth.

Twenty Seven Radicals to Serve
Terms in Leavenworth.
Kansas City. Dec. 1s-Federal Judge
]. c. Pollock late yesterday passed
sentence On twenty-s seven members OF
the Industrial, Workers Of the Worla
found guilty by jury in the federal
district court Of Kansas City. Kan, Of
conspiracy against the government.
The sentence ranged from three and
half to nine and a half years in the
federal penitent!ary at Leavenworth,
Kan. q
Judge Pollock granted the defend
ants ninety dayssin which to perfect
an appeal. He did not sentence v. w.
Lyons, the defendant who yesterday
changed his plea from not guilty to
guilty. Court officials said Lyons
would be sentenced later.
Twenty-eisht members Of the I W.
w. are affected by the verdict, United
States, District Attorney Robertson
explained, as four indicated by the
government are "fugitives from JUS
tice." Federal officials declared DUR
ing the trial. which continued three
weeks. that upon the jury's finding
depended the probable right Of the
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-12-20

scisatile msnagsmsnt, but hsss1 one
the othir day that can we'll believe
A senator. the speaker. was enter-
tanning . luncheon party st Atlantic
City. ~
'1o,your wife refused TO marry yowt
when you first pdoposed TO herr ] said
70 Brown during . CONFIDENTIAL chat
one day. Did you keep on pursutns
her ti'' she consentedr
f" .Sot much!' Brown replied cfaftiiy.
7 went out and made fortune. When
I came back II was she who did the
pursuing "--Washington Star.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-12-20
HOES CLOSE WEAK
HEAVY RUN At WEEKEND De
PRESSES CHICAGO MARKET
Prices Slightly Lower Than Best Time
Friday, With Bulk Selling Within
Range Of $3.50 and S14.15--Besf
Steers and She Cattle Steady 70 so
Cents Lower Than Last Saturday.

Chicago, Dec. 2o.-A heavy run OF
hogs for Saturday, estimated at To-
900 head. had a tendency to weaken
tho market today. and prices were
slightly lower than best time Friday,
Bulk sold within a range of 1880 and
slt.l6. with extreme top at slt.20.
Cattle.
Compared with. week ago. beef
steers and she stock are so cents lower.
Gamers are rs cents lower and bulls
and butcher stock $3.50 to 81 lower.
Stocksrs and feeders are rs cents low
er.
Sheep.
Sheep market was weak at the close
this week. Lambs are steady to- 25
cents higher. Yearlings are steady to
lower.