davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
NAVAL UNIFORMS.
Recent Changes Add to the Growing
Expenses Of Oflcers.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: Per-
NIT me to thank you for your vigorous
support Of the proposal to place the pay
Of naval officers on a proper basis by
granting them we'll merited increase.
The bill prepared by Admiral Cowie and
known as the 9tinnes bill should be
passed by Congress as soon as possible.
No officer of the navy is better pre-
pared to draft such a bill than IL Ad-
miral Cowie; he has spent years in the
pay corps and for number Of years
has been in charge OF the navy allot-
ment office, and has come In closer con-
tact with the financial conditions of
navy officers than has any other man.
Time and time again he has received re-
quests from officers to have allotments
to members Of their families cancelled
for the one and only reason that the pay
Of the officers will not permit them to
make these allotments.
1t seemed as II the bill would have q
clear passage and every one seemed in
favor Of It. However, as soon az Mr.
Daniels arrived upon the scene the out
look changed, and am very much afraid
that his interference will result In moth
ing being done, as 30 often happens
when there is a division Of opinion con-
corning any measure before Congress-
Mr.. Daniels's interference brings to
mind the fact that one of the items Of
great expense which naval officers have
10 meet at this time was brought about
through an order Issued by him. I refer
to the change in uniform, which no one
wanted, and which serves no purpose
save that of initiating the English.
In the naval officers uniform as It
was prior to this latest change we had
a real uniform, one that was distinctive
and which was recognized the world
over as that Of an American naval Off
cer The vast majority Of the officers
Of the navy were well pleased with it
Not only was the blouse changed. but
now comes the word that the overcoat
and cap will also be changed for the still
further purpose Of copying the English
uniform.
Those officers who have purchased the
new uniform are much displeased with
It, for the one great reason that 1t 10
impossible at a short distance to tell
whether the Officer wearing It is chief
petty. officer, an English officer, a yachts
man or a school Jsnitor. AS soon as an
officer dons this rig he loses that neat
ness which has for so long character
lied our naval officers.
While the order stated that 1t would
not be compulsory to obtain this uni
form until January /. 1891, number
Of commanding officers have compelled
their subordinates to procure It at once.
The new uniform is more expensive
than the old one military tailors tell
me that the change will add from $40
to SIS to the cost Of each officers uni
form; that the new uniform will not
wear as long as the old one and is more
difficult to keep in proper shape.
H. c. NAY.
PHuApEIP1tfA. October 6.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
VAGUE IS THE COVENANT.
But Its Effect on Americas Foreign
Policy Is Plain.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: I
have read the proposed covenant of the
League of Nations the speeches of the
President while on his trip, the speeches
of the Senators, both for and against it,
and the comment of the press.
One thing stands out very clearly
ratification will mark a radical change
in our established policy Of non-!nter-
ference In European politics.
The language OF the proposed cove
nant seems purposely vague and OBJ
scure; It is almost impossible to inter
pref its meaning as It stands to-day.
not to speak Of what 1t may mean under
circumstances arising in the future.
When the New York Code Of Civil
Procedure was first enacted 1t was
shown to a distinguished attorney for
his opinion. He said. Gentlemen, 1t Is
an very fne, but 1t will take litigation
for more than generation to tell what
the damn thing means"
This seems to me 10 be true Of the
proposed covenant, and what chance
would we stand in litigation with at
least six adverse votes on the bench?
1t is to be hoped that having the best
interests of their country at heart the
Senate will refuse ratification. L. r.
New YORK, October 6.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
Brltain's Strike Settlement.

If the outlines Of the terms Of set
Element Of the British railway strike
accurately reflect the details 1t was
no victory for those who wanted to
build up the power of the trades
unions; it was no victory for those
who wanted to tear 1t down. 1t was
a victory, clear and distinct, for the
British public, which wanted, which
was resolved to hold Its own.
The British public has not wished
to slash wages until the cost of living
could be lowered. But the British
public, generally pretty full Of COM
mon sense, and equipped with more
than the average economic sense, is
determined to fight the further ad-
vance in the cost Of living. Anybody
with half brain knows that the cost
of living never can come down while
wages are being shot upward.
The British public has guaranteed
that wages necessary to a decent liv-
ing by workers In important posts
shall not be dragged down while the
cost of living remains ITO per cent.
above the pre-war level. The Brit
ish nation, in other words, has
its back against the wall while 1t
faces the dangers Of the high cost Of
living, as 1t set its back against the
wall while it faced the German armies.
That's the way to stop the common
enemy-not the hysterical, frantic,
irrational way Of rushing up labor
costs and all other costs Of production
in an attempt, economically insane, TO
fly over the high cost of living clouds.
Next can come the enemys retreat.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
Register Now.

1t is Tammany's plan and hope to
Z grip the judiciary in political bondage
at the election on November 4. 1t has
refused to renominate capable and
efficient judges, whose cause has been
taken UP by independent citizens. 1t
hopes to beat them at the polls, be-
cause 1t believes that in an "ofr year"
like this the scores Of thousands Of
honest citizens whose votes are not
subject to the dictation Of any boss
will neglect to register.
The voters who obey Tammany will
all register. Tammany will see to it
that every qualified citizen whose
action 1t can control shall go to a
registration place. Tammany is play
ing for high stake. 1t will not over
look single expedient which init
mate knowledge Of political methods
may suggest.
Tammany cannot succeed in its
plot against the independence Of the
judiciary If the citizens who want the
bench free from politics vote on No
vember 4. But they cannot vote un-
less they register this week. No
matter how good mans will may be,
no matter how deeply he may resent
.Tammany's grab for the courts, he
cannot vote unless he registers, and
he cannot register unless he registers
this week. No matter how violently a
woman may resent the extension Of
Tammany power she can do nothing
with her vote to obstruct or to hinder
that extension this fall unless she
registers this week.
Every day this week the registra-
ton places will be open from $50
o'clock in the afternoon until 10 80
o'clock In the evening. On Saturday,
in addition to being open during these
hours, they will be open from o'clock
In the morning continuously through
out the day. Every qualified citizen
who wants TO vote for untrammelled
Judges in all the courts should regis
ter, and this essential act should be
done at the earliest possible moment.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
Cardinal Merc,er at Columbia.

One Cay when war was new
And you. coming to London.
stood on a small Cathedral balcony
Your priestly scarlet like a splash of blood
Against those sombre walls
We came to you down Uttered streets,
Anrighted, pale, astray;
Came stumbling toward vague blessing
from your hands.
Your hands uplifted and compassionate.
We were the FIRST OF that long human
river
That poGred its four years pain into and
through your heart
We were the anxious travellers adrift on
shaken shores of strangers.
We were the early exiled Belgians-
Those who heard the bombs and saw queer
bounding balls
OF severed heads so Jumping into gut
tiers;
Those who nedi
For LiAge. Namur. Louvain had been ae-
complished.
We were the ashen watchers OF news from
auivering Paris,
We were the English mothers whose sons
had gone three weeks before
We were the English mothers of those
sons already back in England,
But In cots or graves
And all OF US were white with wrath and
impotence.
We needed help as whimperins children
need it.
You were our help!
You aglow there in the sunlight
Crimson as the side on One they crucined,
You with uplifted arms that formed a cup.
You, keeper OF the Grail where all could
sup.
And now to-day when war seems far. when
hurts grow dumb.
And peace and stiffness and rich haryesta
come.
And thoughtful scholars vie to honor you.
And men dismount to bend above your
hand.
kiss,
And everywhere In Joy you are acclaimed,
II seems to me there 10 retained in YOU
the visible Remsmbrancet
For rs that day ive years ago your scar
let was the syrneo!
OF ifbations TO be poured.
So now to-day with wars recedinx lin, A..
tide
And all sad lands emerging wan but fr.a
One spot stays crimson and sternAlly,
You!
You wearing the color of/the worlds great
wound.
You like beaeopcsst above the storms.
marooned:
Or some red star that lanterns for q dawn
.ilss.lli attansd. 2. - !. ait.l /. !. ~
KArHntx WHrr. Rx1n
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
ONE SUN IN THE PERMANENT
Vision Of q Greater British Empire
Set I'D by the League.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sfr: /
have read with much interest the various
letters contributed by your readers, but
have yet to see one that has truly
grasped the real meaning. tho ultimate
object Of the covenant.
ireland surely Ia not without her
friends but the case a ireland is very
insignificant number ON the Leagues pro-
gramme. Ireland will get self-determi-
iation from the League, and according
to Article XII. 900 but the self-determi-
nation will be of the character that rail-
read companies and other corporations
give to labor unions that are organized
by members of the corporations them
selves
When we think about this League Of
Nations we must do so in world terms,
and jim order 10 grasp its real Significance
We must be able to visualize a political
armament That political armament can
have only one sun, and that sun must
DO the British Empire.
Out of this great war has evolved a
Greater British Empire. embracing on
this hemisphere the North American con-
tinent.
ing as a part of a federated Greater
British Empire. The merging OF the
British Empire with the United States
will be contaminated when the League
of Nations is ratified by the United
States Senate.
The social part of the merger has been
gradually going on since our civil war by
the intermarriage of members of English
and American families Of great wealth.
The financial merger was completed dur
Ing the late war in such a manner that
the interests Of the United States and
the British Empire are woven Into tue
same fabric The political merger isslow
being debated In the United States Sem
gpite all opposition.
Senators Lodge. Knox, Reed. McCum.
Der and Williams are all aware and
l;eenly conscious OF this situation. and
the fight that the Republican Senators
are making on the League of Nations ID
not against the covenant itself but to re-
tain as much power as they possibly can
for their own State in the federated
Greater British Empire. Those Sena-
tors are tho Green Mountain Boys OF
America
/ will admit that President Wilson IL
subject to censure by his countrymen for
not looking after Americas interests as
well as he should at the Peace Confer
ence. but fail to see how any American
delegation could do better. The forces
.rrayed against Mr.. Wilson were stronger
than our President OF the people Of
that this country should lose. and when
the history of the development Of the
international situation at Paris becomes
known we may feel more charitably dis
posed to President Wilson.
r. TARMoN BARRY.
NEW YORK. October 6.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
HOUSE PASSES BILL
AIDING NAVAL MEN
Provides Communication of
Quarters While at Sea.
Special Dsspatch to THE SIN

WARRINGTON, Oct. 6.-The House took
the first step to-day to provide sufficient
for naval officers and men
With little debate 1t passed unanimously
a bill from the Naval Affairs COMMITTEES
repeating section OF the last appropria-
ton bill. under which, after October 1.
naval men would not receive commuta-
tion of quarters while they ere at sea.
Such communication was allowed all
naval men during the war because of
the high prices they were compelled to
pay to provide for their families while
they were at sea. The section repeating
this Communication was carried in the
naval appropriation bill because 1t was
believed the peace treaty would be signed
by October and the emergency declared
over. The naval committee in urging the
passage of the bill to-day pointed out
that naval men are still subject to the
same expense because OF prevailing war
prices. The bill will make the repeal
retroactive until October /. so that the
men will lose no compensation.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
Our Troops In China.

THE SUN is glad to answer the
question put by its friend the author
of this letter:
= ITO THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir:
Referring to your recent editorial ar
ticIe on our troops in Siberia would
ask II You have any hope for the re-
turn of the American soldiers now
in China?
"Some of the American troops are
now in China and have been there
for years.
"If they have no business In 81
IBERIA where there Is trouble and no
respect for law and order. what right
have our soldiers in China?
"SuN READER FOR FIFTEEN YEARS.
NEW YORK, October g."
We assume our correspondent writes
Of the American troops maintained In
China under the provisions of the
treaty negotiated after the Boxer up
rising, and accepted in an Imperial
edict issued in February, 1901. Their
duty is, with the detachments of troops
from other foreign nations similarly
authorized, to defend the legation dis
trict In Pekin and to keep open COM
between Pekin and the
sea. They perform this duty In ac-
cordance with an agreement between
the United States and China, their
functions being carefully defined.
Their situation is not analogous to
that of General GRAvEs's command In
Siberia.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07

The old paper collar will come into
use again as soon as the striking laun-
drymen have settled their strike, and
right then the genius who had invent
ed a paper shirt, but just as the paper
collar was going out Of fashion. will
resume his splendid purpose. AS we
recall he claimed to have a process
perfected by which ordinary print
paper could be treated and made into
a good looking shirt at a cost not cluch
greater than the price Of a newspaper.
1t would, he hoped, be good for two
wearings in summer and as many
more in cool weather as suited indi-
vidual tastes. The machinery to turn
out the garment from the processed
material was almost as simple as that
used in making paper bags. and-well
it would be pleasant to hear newsboys
singing "Wuxtry! All about de Reds
and soS and a new shoit for five
cents!" - 49, ~'
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
That "Rebuke" to Senator Lodge.

1t is hard to understand the mental
process by which our neighbor the
World has succeeded in persuading
itself that the platform of the Massa-
chusetts Republicans is 'reDuke" to
the senior Senator from that State.
Mr.. LODGE has led and is yet leading
in the Senate the patriotic resistance
TO the attempt to force through to
10 LITIGATION the treaty In the form
demanded by President WILSON; that
Is, without the dotting Of an 81" or
the crossing of a at; without any
modification or qualification designed
to rescue the United States from the
disastrous engagement to which the
President has aimed from first to last
to commit the Government.
The Republican plank referring to
the treaty was thus written and was
thus unanimously adopted at Boston /:
1--WE therefore favor prompt ratin-
cation of the treaty, of peace without
amendment but with such uneauivo-
cal and effective reservations as will
make clear the unconditional right
of the United States to withdraw
from the league upon due notice, &C.
. There must be no abrIdgment
of the sovereignty OF the nation, of
the control Of It's own domestic af-
fairs or of the maintenance of It's
national policies
The resolution then went on to
"deprecate the action" that is to say,
to condemn the action of President
WILSON and his American associat ties
at Paris with regard to Fiume, with
regard to Thrace and with regard to
Shantung.
The resolution adopted by the Mas
sachusetts Republicans calls for the
refusal of Mr.. WILSON'S demand for
an unchanged treaty. 1t calls for neces-
sary changes in the treaty by means
of "unequivocal and effective reserva-
lions" rather than by amendments.
The distinction between change nv
amendment and change by uneuuiv-
ocal and effective reservation. as
our nelghbor must know, Is nom
essential. An unequlvocal and effec-
tive reservation made part of the
treLty Is an amendment of the treaty
IN substance IL not in form. There
fore the World deiudes itself and mis-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
POWER OF A MAJORITY.
Testimony From the Jury Room That
1 Is Not Equal to Q.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: Az
one having considerable experience OF
jury duty let me call attention to the
existing analogy between the position Of
the one Juror who maintains an opinion
contrary to that Of the other eleven
and the attitude into which Mr.. Wilson
Of the clause In the treaty which gives
ak votes to the British Empire and only
one to the United States.
Twelve men. presumably about equal
as to education, intelligence and reason
Ing powers, are locked up in jury
room, their business at a standstill,
their homes neglected, their personal af-
fairs topsy-turvy. Eleven agree upon q
verdict that has been reached by careful
consideration of the evidence. But the
twelfth man. following the same means,
has arrived mt a contrary conclusion.
He refuses to yield. He virtually tells
the other eleven he is so much their
superior in mentality and Judgment that
II is for them to acknowledge that he
alone is right, to abandon their de-
cision and como over to his way Of
thinking. What inevitably ensues is
that his fellow jurors bring to bear upon
him such pressure as causes him ulti-
mately to change his minority decision
and go in with the rest. on the basis OF
the majority. rule which governs all I'M
portant questions throughout the whole
civilized world. Thus his one vote,
which In theory can block all action, is
In practice completely nullifed.
Mr.. Wilson is In effect telling us that
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07

1t is this week that those who sub
scribed to the Fourth Liberty Loan
on the Governments partial payment
plan make their concluding settlement
and receive their bonds OF whatever
denomination. There is a great deal of
personal as we'll as public satisfaction
In the fact that the promise made by
the bond statesmen that the lender
would not regret his deed will be proved
In the majority Of cases this week to
be after all no mere idle words. And
the fifty weeks in retrospect consti-
tute a period not only pleasant to con-
template as one in which the admir-
able habit of regular saving was cult
waited. but also one which saw the
pledging and keeping of a sacred faith
the individuals and the nations.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07

leads its readers when It presents the
Boston declaration of Saturday In
this abbreviated fashion;
All are also agreed that the sooner
a final disposition OF this problem Is
made the better it will be for the
peoples Of the world. We therefore
favor prompt ratification Of the treaty
Of peace l1ithovt amendment"
What happened In the convention
when the delegates had heard only
this part Of the resolution and had not
yet heard the declaration for I'M
equivocal and effective amendments Is
told in vivid fashion by the Associated
Press reporter:
THE reading of the resolutions
was frequently interrupted by ap-
plause. which swung sharply to O
loud chorus of 'Noes! as the chair
man Of the committee read We
therefore favor prompt ratification of
the treaty of peace without amend
ment-' When he was able to pro-
coed with - but with such un-
equivocal and effective reservations
as will make clear the applause
was renewed
Most observers less biassed than is the
World with regard to all that concerns
Senator LODGE and his attitude to-
ward the League covenant will regard
the action Of the Republican conven-
ton as an extraordinary tribute to the
wisdom of his course and a personal
and political triumph such as few
statesmen have the felicity of receiv-
ing from their party during the stress
of action. Yet it gives our neighbor
pleasure to consider this incident as a
"rebuke" to Mr.. LODGE.
We should be glad to have our
neighbours opinion Of the contempt
raneous declaration of the convention
Of its own party. The Democratic
platform adopted at Boston on Satur-
day specifically calls for the "amend-
ment" of the treaty, including the
League covenant, not merely, like the
Republican platform, for ''unequivocal
and effective reservations" amounting
to amendments. Does the World
construe this Democratic declaration
as "rebuke" to Senator LODGE and
an expression Of approval Of the
efforts of Senator HITCHCOCK and of
the World itself to prevent any
change whatever in the documents?
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
The casualty lists are beginning to
come In from the football fields!

The attempt of a deputy sheriff to
serve a New York court writ on a
visiting French prince in aid OF an
effort by a local haberdasher to COL
lect little bill for s2,7Ss disclosed the
interesting fact that the monographs
on the princely pajamas cost SIG, The
question inevitably arises: Does a
chap, If or If not bearing title of no
bility, sleep better in pajamas adorned
with SIS monograms than II he laid
him down to sleep in cotton pajamas
carrying nothing more nearly resem-
bling decorative effects than a set of
necessary bone buttons? And to get
the problem into the realms Of pey-
chology. IL so, why? Also II not, why7
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
The Sun Calendar
THE WEATHER.

For eastern New York, New lara,
and southern New England-Falr az,
cooler to-day; tomorrow fair. moa.,., a
temperatures; fresh west winds.
For northern New England-FaI- "a
tomorrow fair and cooler; moder.,s ,N'
pereture; fresh west winds 'em'
for western New York---Fair Ard ,..,.-
to-day; tomorrow fair: fresh, veal siona
WASHINGTON, Oct tn. d,,,r-,
that was central Sunday nirht ava ranes
upper lake region passed rapidly eas,rsss
ahG Monday NIGHT It's centre vas oysr ~.
Suit OF %. LAwrsnos, It fsss e-sn auarsas
showers within tne last iv,ntyfov.
no, nours In practically all districts sas, '% y,
tne Mississippi River except on tina ss,,S
AtAntio coast. but Monday nigh. Nn
wws sn,n cleared generally east OF ~
iMlssissfppi River. Showers have also 20. e
zen IN the west Gulf States, New MAJ.
and southern Utah. The weather 4. coa,.o
Nc he interior district the Mis,i,,snen,,
River and along the northern bordsr .pp,
VI hontana Cooler weather contain.
over the south plateau and south Rasrss
mountain regions. The outlook N. for ~
weather Tuesday ana "wednesday s.n
eraiiy east Of the Mississippi River Tan
Perature Will be lower in the At,so,.
stAtes, the Ohio Valley and the rerioa ~
Observations 1t United States Wealth., n.
seau stations taken at 8 p, NJ ye.terdav oe
lun