davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
UNION
LEADERS WEAK
SAYS ROBERTS
This is One Of the Causes OF
Anarchy in English In
dustrial Circles.

London, Jan. 2s.-Weakness and
subordination Of convictions to their
personal interests is charged against
many Of the trades union leaders by
Food Controller George H. Roberts.
He says that this is one Of the chief
causes of the present anarchy in
the industrial circles of Great Britain.
MI. Roberts, a veteran labor lead
er and recently minister of labor,
said:
ut is time that union leaders make
a definite and determined stand. If
subordinates refuse to honor their
leaders agreement, the leaders must
resign. Unfortunately, too many
leaders are not free men. The mod
ern idea is that a trade union official
exists only to carry out the behests
Of any temporarily dominant section.
That is n of the chief causes of
the present anarchy and often pre-
vents officials from following the die
tates of their convictions.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
ENGLAND HAS
LARGE PLANT
NOT in Use
$50, 1000, 900 Chemical Fac
\ tory May be Abandoned
: BY Government.

Gretna, Eng, Jan. ,15.-(Corre-
s%pondence of the Associated Press.)-
With the ending of hostilities the
British government has on its hands
unused a $50, 600, 900 military chemi-
cal plant, the most important in the
empire, employing during the war
$4,000 persons. Apparently the gov
eminent is undecided whether to try
to utilize it or to abandon it. Eco
nonists say it is too inaccessible for
private commercial use and that it's
plant and machinery should be scrap
ped and the government should
pocket the loss.
The workers are rapidly being de-
modified and the population of
Gretna has shrunk to 5000. Recruited
as they were from almost every
branch Of industry many of them I'M
skilled and Inexperienced the absorp-
ton of these workers into the new
economic order is giving no little con-
Germ to the government and to them
selves, for economically Great Britain
has not yet recovered her balance.
The unemployed munition workers
and Gretna is only one government
activity of many. similarly affected
are taking the Unemployment wage
provided by the government, and arc
making the most of it. AS this wage
is much less than. they received while
making shot and shell, being about
$3.50 a week, there are fears they
will soon miss their high wages and
in time may become the cause of in
dustrial unrest. Some time must
elapse while military plants are. being
transformed into factories that will
produce the things needful in ordinary
life.
The factory has a wonderful hous-
ing system, with comfortable homes,
churches and recreation halls for the
workers, and. in ordinary ,circum-
stances it ought to be useful for
many years to ome But the highly
explosive nature of the product
necessitated the planting Of the in
dustry outside the ordinary walks Of
commerce and manufacture. This
marks it reasonably certain in the
minds of economists thataGretna will
have to be abandoned.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
NUMBER OF
REFUGEES FLEEING
FROM SHENKURSK

Archangel, Tuesday, Jan. >29.-(By
the Associated Press. )-.The number
of refugees fleeing over forest paths in
zero weather from Shenkursk to the
American and Allied lines north of
that town. is increasing. American
Red Cross representatives report that
the plight of the. refugees is serious.
Those who left Shenkursk after the
arrival Of the Bolsheviki repeat stories
of massacres there. The refugees de-
clare that, the Rolsheviki continued to
shell the town long after the Ameri-
can forces withdrew. The lombard
ment finally resulted in the setting fire
to many buildings, after which. it is
said. the Bolsheviki rushed in and
shot many Of the Inhabitants.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
MORE MOONEY STRIKES.

a.. Mexico City, Jan. 29.-After the
death sentence against Thomas
Mooney in the San Francisco bomb
outrage case had been commuted by
the governor Of California, protests
were formulated and one strike was
undertaken in Mexico to proteAt
against the decision Of the court in
the Mooney case The Regional La
Dor Union of the capital and similar
bodies in Tamaulipas sent protests to
the California court and, in Tampico,
several, thousand members of work.
ers organizations that are similar to
the I. ". w. went out on a strike for
twelve hours a. a protest.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
OIL WITHOUT LiMlT

There has been not a little anxiety Of late over what
ppeared to be the certainty that in the very near future
nr supplies Of fuel oils would be exhausted. The cap
jsacity Of the oil fields in this country which are known
md developed is estimated by scientific men with sufi-
lent accuracy to serve as a working basis. 1t is known
nat the stores in these fields are not being replenished.
his is true, also. Of those deposits which are discovered
ffsom time to time. The oil has been there for ages, and
as place. Presumably the processes which resulted in
syorld are still going on, but the processes of nature are
y proceeding at a marvellous rate. So far as we know
aWge are using oil faster than nature is producing it and
collecting it into pockets. This being true, exhaustion
Ms but = matter OF time.
sBut while the stores Of nature are not inexhaustible,
MI the oil industry as in others. a hint of scarcity in one
direction often leads to the discovery Of new sources of
Fupply In another. Since the discovery Of free petroleum
AZ Pennsylvania some two generations ago caused the
abandonment Of the methods which had for some time
seen followed on a modest scale Of distilling oil from
certain shale rocks. OF late attention has been, paid again
hi this earlier method OF obtaining oil. with highly graft
Tying results. There are in this country billions Of tons
bfathis oil-bearing rock which will assay rs gallons or
[nors of oil per ton. BY methods now in use shale carry
ehale IS found along the Atlantic. seaboard, in the Mis-
ttmtppi valley, and In the great mountain districts. One
intimate pieces the crude oil stored in the shaIe Of In
laAna alonesat 100. 100000, 900 barrels.
@SLAf - fake courage, therefore. Bring round the 60
1NxiisJameG. Advance the t~hinsabob. Step on her; ana
saasS ia hence:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
MANY MINERS In
WEST SCOTLAND
OUT ON STRIKE

London. Jan. 29.-Miners in many
Of the collieries in West Scotland have
struck in sympathy with the men at
Clyde. This action was taken in spite
of their leaders protests.
A strike conference held at Glas-
cow Tuesday and ATTENDED by dele
well as Grimsby.> Rugby and London.
decided to support the strike COM
mittee and to submit to the govern.
ment proposals for a settlement on d
basis Of a 40-hour week.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
WANT ONE ARG UNION.

Melbourne, Jan. 2s.-(via Mon
trea!.)-The interstate conference Of
trades union delegates has adopted
the principle Of having one large
union which shall be named the In
dustrial Workers Union OF. Australia.
The Australian newspapers and many
OF the labor leaders xpress the view
that one large union would result in
the ruin Of the labor movement, in
dustrially and politically.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
r sum.

Liverpool. Jan. 29.-Bruce Ismay.
son of the founder Of the White Star
shipping line, has given $4,000 in
loAn stock to inaugurate a "Na-
tional Mercantile Marine Fund" the
object Of which, he says, lis to mark
his admiration Of the very splendid
and gallant manner in which the Of
ficers and men Of all ranks Of tho
British mercantile marine have car
ried on throughout the war"
The fund Is intended primarily to
provide grants OF pensions to came
and to provide for widows and
orphans of British maripers. d.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29

innate aspirations OF italy. One is by
creating disorders, and the other il to
persuade the residents to consent to
becofne = part OF the new and free
Jugo-SIav nation and to oppose the.
pretensions to Italian domination. 1t
been Established that many agita-
tors who were the direct cause Of the
most recent disorders were Germans
or Of German descent.
In Ffume the majority Of the
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
STUDENTS PARADE STREETS.

London, ian. 29.-High school stu.
dents paraded the streets of Bremen
on Monday, carrying black, red and,
white dags. Twenty of them when
arrested declared the demonstration
70 be one OF respect for the former
emperor and not in favor Of the
monarchy. according to a Central
News dispatch from Copenhagen.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29

Italian population does not doubt that
all the efforts of Germans to cs,ate
bad blood and discomfort between the
Italians and the Jugo-Slays will have
no result, and that the effect o fsthese
subtle nnderhand dealings cannot end
in anything more than some local out
freaks n that the italian forces
IN the city will be more than adequate.
to maintain public order and tram
guilty.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
GERMANS ARE READY.

Berlin, Tuesday, Jan. 28.-(By the
Associated Press.)-Two ~battalions
from M of the crack German regi-
ments will leave for Meimar this
week. They will be qua-tered there
during the sessions Of the national as
and will be at the govern
direct disposal. 3
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29

RUSSIANS ON Way 10 FRONT.
Copenhagen. jar. 2s.-The hospital
ship Russ, with fully armed and
equipped Russian troops en- route to
Reval from the French front, called
here yesterday.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
$1,000 DIE R o "FLU.h

Mexico City, Jan. 29.-El Pueblo. a
semt-omcial government organ, states
that the epidemic Of influenza in the
state OF Oaxaca alone has claimed
$1,000 lives.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
MORE LOWER PRICEs

Chicago.sJa 2s.-Victims OF the
high cost Of living found further sat
isfaction today In the trend of produce
prices. Butter. at wholesale dropped
3 to 4 cents since yesterday and po-
tatoes declined S to 10 cents a BUSH
ell. Cheese and eggs showed no. ma
terial change.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
VAN DYKE MADE PREsInENT

Milwaukee. Wis, Jan. 29.-William
D. VanDyke today was elected presi-
Of the Northwestern Mutual Life
Insurance company, to succeed George
G. Markham. resigned, and George
Lines was named as general counsel
OF h company to fill the vacancy
caused by the death OF Judge John
Barnes. Mr.. Van Dyke formerly was
vice president and MI. Lines is q well
local attorney.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
Polish Mission Instructed,

Paris, Jan. 29.-The supreme coun-
Gil Of the peace conference had be-
fore it for consideration on assemb-
ling this morning the instructions to
be given the Allied mission to Poland
recently authorized and about to
leave on it's journey. The program
called for the appearance of Polish
and Czech-Slovak representatives be-
fore the council to present their
views.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29

shadowy form of internationalization
for the purpose of satisfying MI. Will
sons ideals"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29

The hrst robin of 1919 almost stepped on the tail
OF the last robin Of 1918.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-01-29
German Colonies
Question Gains Importance

CONTINUED from Page ~
New-York tribune., 1919-09-10
Merger of Veterans
Societies to Fight
Reds Is Planned

COLUMBUS, Ohio, Sept. 9.-Plans
for combining into one patriotic fed
Grafton to fight Bolshevism all soldier
societies and auXiliaries are under
way, according to Commander-in in Chief
Adams, of the Grand Army of the Re-
public. Tentative plans, he said to-day,
call for federation to include the
G. A. r., the Confederate Veterans,
Spanish War Veterans snd veterans of
the world war who are members of
the American Legion
President Henry D. Lindsey, Secre-
tary Grenville Clark and Counsel Elihu
Root, of the American Legion, will
come to Columbus this week, he said
to talk over plans for the merger
Final details, it was said. would be
worked out at meeting of the Ameri-
can Legion to be held November II
and II at Minneapolis. Marshal Foch
Is expected to be the principal speaker
a that meeting.
their annual encampment of the Grand
Army of the Republic continued to-day
Officials of the G. A. R. said James
D. Bell, of Brooklyn, n Y, was the
likely candidate to succeed Com
mander Adams at the election to be
held during the week A second candi-
date announced himself to-day. He is
William c. Lee, of Port Huron, Mich,
Custer cavalryman. He is a past de-
partment commander OF Michigan.
On account of the high cost Of living
q. A. +. veterans in their encamp-
ment here will ask the government for
an increase in their pensions The
resolutions will ask for minimum
pension Of $50 month for every vet
eran and $50 month for widows of
veterans.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-10
Mayor Hylan Arasmers
Press Bureaus Question

Mayor Hylan's press bureau asked
him question yesterday. The Mayor
answered it and then had carbon copies
made for publication in the news
papers. Here it is as it left the bureau
typewriter:
Mayor Hylan's reply to the follow
ing question:
"Q.-What have you to say about the
threa- of the Citizens Union to have
you remover from ONCE because you
opposed an increase in fare?
~'A.-The Citizens Union is COM
posed of only three men, William J.
Schieffelin, their counsel. Walstein,
who was formerly c mmissioner of
Accounts, and the Secretary, Mr.. Arnt,
their mouth piece, who threatens to
have public otfic als removed from Of
flee If they do not favor an increased
fare for the traction companies.
The Citizens Union, run by these
three men, is evidently in sympathy
with the traction interests. If a mem
ber of the Board of Aldermen, or a
member of the Assembly or Senate
does not vote as the Citizens Union
thinks he should vote, then they abuse
MIN in the public press. If the Mayor
Of the city does not favor an increased
fare they likewise abuse him and
threaten to have him removed from
office. Such methods to force public
officials to do their bidding through
fear of removal from public office are
reprehens ible"
New-York tribune., 1919-09-10

assistant counsel to the commission
asked Watson B. Robinson, attorney
Tor the traction company. ii it would
mean a suspension of service should
the rate increase case be prolonged.
Mr. Robinson replied that the en-
ployes of the company had declared a
strike on August 81, but had deferred
u tor two weeks until action could be
taken take. on the application. He said
lurther that if the matter is not set
tied by September II, the date the
strike call was adjourned to, the car
men probably will make good their
ing the company were William R. Begg
ard Arthur c. Hume, receivers. The
CITY was represented by Vincent Vic
tory. Assistant Corporation Counsel.
Governor Smith and Mr. Nixon dis
ccussed the traction situation in 4 con-
1erence that lasted over an hour. They
met IN the commissioner office. Gov
ernor Smith replied. when he was
asked if he would take up traction
matters personally, that it was up to
the Public Service Commission and the
city officials, and that he could not be
expected to discuss the subject in de-
tai at the present time.
Joo +. Hedges, receiver of the New
orK Railways Company. filed papers in
the United States District Court yes
terday, answering the foreclosure suit
brought by the Farmers Loan and
trust Company, trustees under mort
gage. The receiver admitted certain Of
the allegations, saying that the install
ments of interest due on the bonds of
the company have not been paid, and
neither have the franchise taxes or
rental charges under leases.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-10
One More Fraud
Vote Counted for
La Cuardia Found
Result of Examination Of
1O4 Republicans; Wit
ness Says He Left the
Marked Space Blank

The finding of another fraudulent
vote cast for Representative Fiorello
II. La Guardia was reported yesterday
by Assistant District Attorney Ferdi-
nand N. Pecora, investigating the
charges made by La Guardia's oppo-
nent, former Senator William NJ Ben
nett, that he was robbed of the Repub-
lican nomination for President of the
Board of Aldermen in last weeks pri-
maries.
"This fraudulent vote" said the AS
sistant District Attorney. was cast in
one of the election districts of the
9th Assembly District. This particu-
lar district had no defective or void
ballots. All, on the face OF the re-
turns, were for La Guardia. One of
the men who voted in that district
declared that he did not vote for either
Bennett or La Guardia. He said ne
left the squares opposite the names
Of Bennett and La Guardia blank. All
the squares opposite La Guardia's
name, according to the returns, were
filled in with a cross"
This was the only evidence tending
to show fraud developed yesterday,
when 104 voters from the 1st, ID, 4th
9Th, and 9Th Assembly Districts were
examined. All came from election
districts where Bennett was not
credited with a single vote.
No attempt will be made to present
the evidence to the grand jury until
District Attorney Swami returns to his
office op Thursday.
Bennett spent most of the day in
conference with his counsel, Theodore
7. Baylor, in preparing the papers in
the proposed recount proceedings.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-10
Deals for Brooklyn
Flats and Dwellings

The McInerney- -KNnck Realty Com
pany has sold the three story apart
ment house, with stores, at $50 Flat
bush Avenue, north of Albemare Road.
The property has a frontage Of 20 feet
on FIatbush Avenue and depth OF
ITO feet. The premises were sold for
Albert and Lizzie Goeser.
The Berkshire Realty Company. Jo-
seph G. Haft president, has bought
from the Merry Realty Company 2l56
Cortelyou Road. four story building,
or plot 2Sxl00, containing twelve fam
lies
Samuel Galitzka and j. Lacov have
sold TWO story and attic stucco one
family house, under construction, on
plot 26xl00. at 92o Avenue L, Flatbush.
Charles c. Stelle has sold the two
story brick house 394 Douglass Street
to Calixtus Anderson for occupancy
The Bulkley & Horton Company has
sold 43 Vanderbilt Avenue, four story
four-family brick dwelling. on lot PIX
100, for Gaetano Commegno
l. Salzberg has sold for the Left
Construction Company to NJ. Auerbach
the one-family cottage, on plot 33x100,
1871 Forty tyAsixth Street.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-10
Senators Are Asked
What Packers Are
Paying Witnesses
Agent of Southern Crocers
Says Inquiry Is Needed;
Stockmen Credit Ss'Big 81
With Iowa's Prosperity

WASHINGTON, Sept. s.-Lewis H
Haney, representing the Southern
Wholesale Grocers' Association, to-
night gave out letter he had written
to Senator Gronna, North Dakota,
chairman Of the Senate Agriculture
Committee, charging that the larger
packers were inducing witnesses to at
tend the hearings on the Kenyon and
Kendrick regulation bills.
In this connection l would suggest
that the committee call Mr.. Brooks, Of
Swift & Co., put him under oath,' the
letter said, "and ask him how much
money the five big packers have spent
OF have become obligated to pay to
date in railroad fares, hotel bills, etc,
for any Of the witnesses"
AT the hearing to-day a group Of
stockmen from the Middle West, prin-
cipally from Iowa, and several whole
sale meat and produce dealers from
various cities joined in defence of the
Big Five packers and opposed Fed
eral license regulations for the pack
ing industry.
"1t's pity this sort of bill had to
come from prosperous state like
Iowa. said J. S. Blackwell. of Musca-
tine referring to the fact that Senator
chief regulative measure. Iowa cattle
have gone up On the last few years
from $50 to $500 an acre, due to the
fact that the packers have made a
market for its produce"
Don't You think world shortage had
something to do with t?' queried Sem
ator McNary, of Oregon.
Blackwell admitted there were other
causes for Iowa's prosperity, but IN
sisted on giving the packers part of
the credit.
c. H. WIN and J. J. Leghorn, also
from Muscatine, and J. B. Nichols, of
Nichols, Iowa, supported BlackwelPs
statement.
Iowa farmers are reasonably pros
perous.' said Charles f. Brenton, of
Dallas Center Iowa. in presenting a
petition from number Of cattle grow
ers opposing the bills. "Markets are
satisfactory War restrictions on busi-
ness enterprises are ~tlresome. We're
rot in favor out our way Of any licens-
ing"
P. :. Faner and Roy A. Johnston, Of
Taylorville, Ill.,, expressed similar views.
derived, they said. from extensive ex-
perience in the cattle business. W. B.
Schnei ider, d Kansas City wholesaler,
said the licensing proposals would add
to the cost of food istribution.
Others who protested against regu-
lation were 0. Nessweig, an indepen-
dent packer at Madison, Wis, and W.
3. Robinson, a vegetable Gamer at
Bellair, Md. Robinson, in deploring
attacks on the big packers, declared
that the rich man is Cold Almighty s
representative on earth"
New-York tribune., 1919-09-10
interpretations

ALBANY, Sept. s.--The following char
ters were granted to-day by the Secretary
of State;
orleman corpn, 100000; Manhattan.
marine insurance; Louis p. Orleman, Tho
Il. Low. Fred T. HARRINGTON. Scarsdale.
Miller SILK Corp'n. 500 900. Paterson
Albert Miller, solomon Ruseack. Albert
NJ Sulzberger, 149 Broadway. Paterson.
:. haa-Kenney Realty Co. Inc. $4,000.
Tonawanda. H + Schad, B. A. Kenney'
d. G. 0day, Tonawanda.
r. M Harrington x Co, Inc $40 900:
Harrington. Harold Smith, Jack b Burns,
South oranse. n. !.
Manhattan; SanlI Altman. MAJ Gordon
William Halpern, III Broadway New York
NJ Goldman, Inc. $1,000; Brooklyn:
new, woollen and cotton clippings; Harrs
Goldmen, Leo Goldman; Nn. 5 Gordon,
Nincit Co. Inc, $50. 900; Manhattan;
mercantile; Jas &. Brown. L. Burton wal
ssTs Psal NV F9lgE yar y East Seventeenth
Aljomax Clothing Company, Inc. So
600, Manhattan Sam e. Levine, Nathaniel
Philips, sydney Rabinowitz, Isl Broad
Max Reisberg, Co., Inc. $40. 900 Buffalo;
real estate. Max Reisberg, Jacob s'mon,
Chas. II, Howard, a Irving Place, Buffalo.
iiitz Hopkins. Inc, $4,000; brook
lyn; polishes, Jos. L. Iiitz, Irving L. Hop
kins. Clinton B. Hitz, t02 Myrtle Avenue.
Brooklyn.
Good Luck Food Company. Inc, $50. 600:
Rochester; John Kingston Eva r. Kings
ton. Richard X. Harmon. Madison Street,
Mercantile Exhibition Co, Inc. $4,000;
Manhattan; Pierre II. Meyer. Jay E Cove,
Edw J pwyer, q William Street, New
sinclair Rubber Company Inc. s25.oo0:
Manhattan: autos and airpia"es: Charles
N MsApin Y =, Eye s9loYan El5si, J. r9wn
Kronshtat Realty Co, Inc. SIS 600; Man
haitian; Nathan kronshtat, Herman Grae..
Joseph Feinson. l66 Vernon Avenue. Brook
United States Public Health Films. s5,-
600 Manhattan; Samuel Cutnmins. Anna
Summlns saaanG Larry SuWoHs yo, 20 East Forty
Vulcan Paint. Inc. SIS 900 Manhattan;
Lndy Ind Heel5esens sumner b whitney. John
Benedict Stone Corporation. $500. 900; ;
Tuckahoe; manufacturing stone. concrete.
{. benedict Walter E wicks and Ernest
c. Van Dyke leo Broadway. New York
oo6 Gom,nunity LaYndry No. z. lnc., S.
ian and Henry NJ. Oren1tein, 20 Fifth
Avenue. New York CMy.
s250,000, Buffalo; Joseph philips, John
Hasan and Otto II. Krotz Buffalo N. y.
Kop,spenr Development Company. Inc.
Utica Avenue brooklyn
Prime Auto Mfg Company. Inc. $1,000;
brooklyn. Lyman Cohen, Een1anin Fra
din. Haskell jacobs, es Canal Street. New
York City.
Lerner Associates. Inc. $50. 900; Proolx .
lyn; general real estate, agents. Henry
Wcismann, Milton Hertz. stephen F. Burk-
ard. SIS putnam Avenue. Brooklyn.
Grossman Pictures. Inc, $25,0OO Ithaca.
stanleigh p. Friedman. Mary f. smith
Anna NJ. Gather, Rector Street. New
York City.
Community Laundry No Inc g mn.
Brooklyn; Albert 3. Roth, Max Kaplan
Henry NJ. Orenstein, 225 Fifth Avenue.
New York City
Newrich Style Shop. Inc, 10000; Man
haitian; wearing apparel for mon and
women; Sidney F. KGtz. Louis Reich. III.
IN. Neuman, Scranton Pa,