davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08

profitable birds. Hens which show In
dlcations of laying Mt this time are
those which on the average have been
the better producers for the year. It
must be remembered also, that the bet
ter producers during the first laying
year are those which will be the SUI
perior yielders In subsequent years.
Hens showing Indications Of having
been good producers throughout the
year should be retained for the next
year regardless of their age. but rela-
lively few hens will prove to be profit
able producers beyond their second
laying year IL they are of the heavier
breeds. such as the Plymouth Rock,
Rhode Island Red. Wyandotte, or
Orpington; or beyond their third lay
ing year If they are Of the lighter
breeds, such as the Leghorn. Additional
culling during July Is also desirable In
order to eliminate hens which have
started to mott and have stopped lay
ing.
Fowls to Gull.
In culling the flock remember that
1t Is safer to depend upon the agree
ment Of combination Of several char
acteristlcs than to select by any one
alone. With this In mind, Gull hens
that are sick, weak, lacking In vigOr,
inactive. poor eaters. molted or molt-
ing; those with small, shriveled. hard.
dull-colored combs; with small, puck
cred. hard, dry vents; with thick or
coarse, stiff pelvic bones, pelvic bones
close together, small spread between
pelvic bones and rear end Of keel, and
full, hard, small abdomen. In breeds
with yellow. skin and shanks, the dis
carded hens should also show yellow
or medium yellow shanks and yellow
beaks.
Save hens that are healthy, strong,
vigorous. alert, and active; good ent-
ers; not molting or just beginning to
mott in September or October; with
large, moist vents; with large. bright
red combs; thin, pliable pelvic bones
well spread apart. wide spread be-
tween pelvic bones and rear end OF
keel, and large, soft. pliable abdomen.
In breeds with yellow skins and
shanks, the hens saved should also
show pale or white shanks and pale
or white beaks and vents.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08
DEVELOPMENT OF.
YOUNG PIC CROP
Mothers Milk Is Undoubtedly
One of Best Available Feeds :
. for Little Porkers.
sElF-FEEDER MEETS FAVOR
Where Youngsters Have Access to
Corn, Shorts, MlddIlngs, Etc, They
Can Be Weaned Without Max
Ing Radical Change In Diet

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.)
Many farmers wean pigs at six to
seven weeks Of age, when the brood
sows have a good flow of milk and are
capable Of maintaining the young In
excellent condition and development
at less expense and trouble than the
young porkers could otherwise be
handled. Their mothers milk is one
of the best feeds available for grow
ing pigs, and consequently 1t should
be used to the greatest extent possl-
BILE.
When the pigs are from six to
seven weeks old the SOW should be on
full feed, unless for some extraordin-
ary reason the pigs should not be
-weaned until the age of ten weeks,
and in such instances 1t Is preferable
to allow them to run with their moth
er until they are twelve, to fourteen
weeks old. Where pigs are weaned
too early serious results often attend,
as the abrupt change In the character
Of the ration many times creates seri-
Gus trouble.
SeIf-Feeder Is Useful.
= Where young pigs have access to
corn, shorts. middlings, tankage, or
fish meal, served to them cafeteria
style In a self-feeder where they can
eat 1t at their pleasure without being
disturbed by other hogs, the young
sters can be weaned ut the age OF
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08

the three weeks mentioned 2 per cent
Of the men discharged and who were
not farming when they entered the
army intended to take up farming.
OF the 1.8 per cent Of the soldiers
who had been on farms previous to
entering the army. and who did not
intend to return. the reason given
by / per cent was that the men were
disabled and therefore unable to do
heavy farm work. At least half Of
this number are taking up vocational
courses In agriculture which will at
them for class Of farm work which
does not require hard physical effort.
Practically the entire remaining
eight-tenths per cent had been farm
ing with their parents or were ten
ants and considered It too late to
farm this year. as other help had
been secured.
A similar report from the farm
help specialist in charge Of the work
at Camp Gordon, Ca, shows that
during 4 weeks In April 1921 farmers
were discharged from that camp. OF
that number SO were directed to sit
uations on the farms in Georgia.
while 2,S42 said they were returning
to their Jobs or homes on the farms,
and the remaining 888 did not desire
to 70 back to farm work.
At another camp 30 farmers were
personally interviewed and 20 stated
that they were going back to the
farm Immediately on receipt Of their
discharges.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Agriculture)
There are two classes Of farm fowl
those that are parasitic on flock
profits, and those that are profitable.
To bounce the boarders from the flock
and encourage the increase and bet
terment of the profitable biddies, are
tasks Of basic Importance which con-
front every pouftryman. With feed
high in price and poultry products
correspondingly valuable, it Is Of
maximum significance to get rid Of
the worthless and increase the worthy
birds In every farm flock, declare
United States department of agricul-
ture specialists.
Culllng serves three purposes. 1t
insures that the feed will be consumed
by the profit-producing hens. 1t makes
It possible to save those best suited
for breeders, both because Of their bet
ter production and their superior
strength and vitality, which enable
them to stand up under the severe
strain of heavy laying. 1t provides
more room by thinning out the Stacker
hens.
culling Regular, Continuous.
Culling should be continuous through
out the year. 1t should consist Of
wedding out, when discovered. any
hen which Is sick, very thin or ema-
ciated, or which shows evidence OF
non-production, weakness or poor VI
tality. The entire flock should be given
a careful and systematic inspection
and culling once year and prefer
ably several times. The hens should
be handled individually and gone over
carefully with the object Of separating
the workers from the strikers. From
the class of better producers 1t Is de-
sirable to pick out as many Of the best
as will be needed for subsequent breed
Ing. These hens should be banded or
otherwise marked so that their eggs
may be saved for Matching purposes.
The inferior fowls should be marketed
as soon as possible.
When single systematic culling Is
made, the best time for such work
Is In August or September. Then II
Is easier to form close estimate OF
the value Of the hen as an egg pro-
ducer, as well as to weed out the un'
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08

be constructed so that there will be
no draft In cold weather. The front OF
the house should be so high that the
windows or openings will allow the
sun to shine well back into the interior
during the winter. Burlap, unbleached
muslin, or lightweight duck cloth may
be used for curtains In the front. This
cloth should be thin enough to allow
a slow circulation of air without
draft. This Is impossible If too heavy
a grade Of duck cloth is used or II
the cloth is oiled or painted.
A large amount Of glass In the front
of the house makes 1t warm during the
day but cold at night, as glass radiates
heat very rapidly. Some glass, how
ever, is helpful in providing light when
the curtains are closed. Some ventila-
ton should be given In poultry house
even In the coolest night. 1t Is usually
best secured by leaving a small WIN
dow open or having muslin curtains In
the front of the house. If the house Is
shut up tightly without any muslin cur
talns In the front there is tendency
for moisture to collect In the house
and condense on the rafters and other
woodwork on frosty mornings. 1t Is
not necessary to close the muslin cur
tains In the front of the house except
| In very cold or stormy weather. Hens
are protected by nature with warm
feathers and q high body temperature
SO that they are better able to with
stand dry, cold air than warmer all
which Is damp.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08
MONEY MADE WITH CHICKENS
Poultry Clubs Organized by Depart
mont Of Agriculture Are Popular
IN North and South.

prepared by tho United States Depart
ment Of Asriculture)
Old Madam Hen is proving verita'
BILE fairy godmother to many girls In
supplying them with money for COM
forts and luxuries. Poultry clubs or
ganized by the department Of agricul'
ture and the state colleges are popular
with the girls in both the North ana
the South. Even small girls who care
fully follow directions find poultry q
source Of profit, Grace Butler Is a
fourteen-year-oldC club girl In Logan
county, Okla. Last year she sold 100
birds for $147.25. During the year $125
worth Of eggs were sold and she still
has 200 chickens-worth as many dol
lars. A flock Of pure-bred Plymouth
Rocks Of her own raising provided the
eggs and two incubators Matched them.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08
LABOR SITUATION Is
HELPED BY SOLDIERS
Men Returning From Overseas
Are Going Back to Farms.
Department Of Agriculture Makes
Careful Survey In Army Campo
Shows That Majority Of Farm
era Will Resume Work.

prepared By the United states Depart
( ment Of Agriculture)
The majority Of soldiers who enter
ed the army from the farms are re-
turning to them Immediately after re-
ceiving their discharges from military
duty. This furnishes the brightest
SPOT in a situation that is not yet en-
tireiy satisfactory. but that promises
steady improvement. although there
Is still no indication OF decided
movement back to the farm by men
who were attracted from food-produc-
tion work by high wages In Indus
trial pursuits.
Careful surveys made In army
camps by the departments farm help
specialists of the department OF agri-
culture furnish ample proof to re-
flute statements that have appeared
in the press that from 20 per cent
to 90 per cent OF the men who were
called by the army from the farms
are not returning to them In VIZ
ginia camp the specialists found that
during the first three weeks In April
0S.2 per cent Of such men discharged
actually returned to the farms. Dur
ing the week ending April o the
specialists interviewed 2.O21 men at
this camp. It was found that 1888
were from farms and. all but ID OF
that number intended to return. Dur
ing the following week 2,10S men
,,~,>o sntarvfcwod. IL was found that
col were from farms and all but IA
intended to return The next week
ne men were interviewed. OF this
number 004 had formerly been en-
ployed on farms. and all but intend
ed to return.
These figures are the actual result
Of personal interviews with each man:
II vas found also that Z number Of
tlbsss VINO had previously been en-
snesd % 0tksT occupations expressed
Z dssiss = tsbs ~ sAxniae' Durma
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08

tivation have been made and results
are decidedly in favor of shallow cul.
tlvation. Occasions when deep Guilt
walton is preferable are few. The
roots of the plants must not be broken.
They will produce other roots. but at
the expense Of vitality and food sup
ply.
After the corn Is two or three feet
high, the soil even In the middle of the
rows should not be cultivated deeper
than four inches, and usually shall.
lower cultivation will prove better
Maintain a loose soil mulch two or
three inches thick. This prevents the
escape of moisture already In the soil
and soaks up the rainfall rather than
letting 1t run Off.
Proper Cultivation.
Cultivate often enough to keep down
weeds and to maintain constantly a
loose soil mulch until the corn has
reached its growth. More cultiva.
lions will be needed II rains are fire.
quent. The crust which forms after
every rain must be broken and pulver-
lied or excessive run-off or evapora.
ton will soon rob the soil Of its moisr
ture.
1t is a mistake to think that the
longer the dry spell the more FIRE.
quent should be the civilizations. After
the mulch has been produced, Its fire.
quent stirring Is not necessary unless
weeds become troublesome. Many
crops are cut short by stopping cult
walton because the corn Is too tall to
use a double cultivator without break
ing down the stalks. II conditions de
mand It, continue shallow cultivation
even though the corn Is tasseling. II
Is sometimes profitable to remove
weeds even by the costly process Of
hand labor. at as late date as thu
silking Of the corn.
Under some conditions six or eigh
| civilizations are advisable, while IN
der other conditions three may be SUI
ficient. The maximum yield is not oh
tanned by the number Of CIVILIZATIONS
but by keeping the soil In the prope
condition.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08
CARE IN HANDLING
EGGS IS IMPORTANT
Must Be Gathered Twice Each
Day and Kept Cool.
Merchants Should Store In Dry, Cold
Place, or Chill In Refrigsrating
Plant to Temperature Well
Below 40 Degrees.

prepared by the United states Depart
ment OF Agriculture)
Good fresh eggs put In a basket and
stored in the hot kitchen for day or
two may reach town in such condition
that they must be used at once to be
available for food. A basket Of per-
fectly fresh eggs left on the back OF
the wagon and exposed to the sun
during ten-mile drive to town may
reach the country merchant In such
shape that not even immediate chilli
Ing will make them available for long
shipment to the cities. This Is the
story constantly revealed by the can
die on the egg cur. Eggs of which the
farmers wife Is very proud will show
that they have been allowed to remain
"a to AZ hours In the nest or at some
point in their history have been ex-
posed to heat which lowers their
value. It is evident, therefore, that II
the egg is to be palatable to the city
consumer care In Its handling must
begin on the farm. The farmer must
gather his eggs twice a day and must
keep them cool afterwards, just as he
would cream or milk, until they are
delivered in town. There the mer-
chant must at once put them Into q
dry cold place, or. II he wishes to be
strictly up to date, must chill them
in his own little refrigerating plant
or In the larger refrigerating plant OF
the town. to temperature well below
40 degrees B.
Heat Is the great enemy, for once Q
GOOD egg has stood for any time at
temperature Of over % degrees #. \
begins to incubate, II It Is a fertile
sgE. or to spoil, II It Is an infertile egg
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08
Pigs Getting Their Dinner at a Self
Feeder.

twelve or fourteen weeks without
making any very radical changes In
their daily meals by simply allowing
them to continue on the self-service
system. II best results are to be OBJ
tained, the pigs must gain continuous
ly and uniformly until they are ready
for market. This necessitates an
abundance of feed as well as access
during the grazing season to such val
liable forage crops as alfalfa and red
clover. In sections where these
leguminous feeds cannot be produced,
rye, oats, barley, cowpeas, rape. or any
other grain or grass which will pro-
'duce good forage In the locality should
be grown for hog pasture. Hogs like
ito harvest their own feed. In addition
Ito getting the feed In the freshest pos
sible condition, the young shoats also
derive benefits from the exercise In
rustllng a part Of their daily diet
Watch Pigs Closely.
Every hog raiser Is advised to watch
the spring pigs closely to see that they
are on their feed; that is, that the an
finals have good appetites and eat
their daily allowances Of grain and
grass with relish and avidlty. II a pig
shows indications Of being "off feed"
his owner should change, the ration.
using barley In place Of corn and pro-
viding as much skim milk or butter
milk as Is available. He should also
provide an abundance Of pure, fresh
water for the pigs as well as plenty
Of shade during the hot summer
months.
Freedom from lice means hog COM
fort. This can be obtained by the
plentiful use Of crude or black oil
upon the animals as well as In their
quarters and wallows. Natural shade
is always the best, but where this Is
not obtainable, temporary shelter from
the sunny smile Of Old Sol may be OBJ
tanned by setting some posts to which
crosspieces are attached about Sh to
4 feet from the ground 30 that a tenn
porary roof Of straw or grass may be
provided for the protection of the hogs.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08
:pQ[RlyaNN

Sell. kin or segregats the roosteri
!, Clean sour milk Il fine regulator
for young chicks.
Ducks should have plenty Of green
feed and meat feed.
Growing chicks that ara kept close-
~ confined need much greater atfen-
ton along al lines. 81
Improper feeding and too closs con-
flnement have been the causes Of my
failures IN turkey raising. -
Growing chlcks will net at TOO -
< ~ neve 1.se g -. " -,
can ct De dssles4 s4sfesA
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08
OLD MEMBERS REJoIN CLUBS
Boys In Florida Buying Good Stock
and Willing TO Borrow Money to
Pay for Il
prepared by the United States Depart
ment of ARriculture.)

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.)
Good work accomplished By the
boys clubs Of De Soto county, Fla. last
year encouraged practically all Of the
old members and many other boys to
Join the clubs this year. There are
now in the county "a members In the
pig club, "A in the corn club and six
In the cane club. In Marion county
the county agent recently placed 53
pigs with club members. The boys are
buying good stock. he reports, and are
willing to borrow the money to pay
for 1t II necessary. In Walton county
both the corn and pig club work are
growing, there being 80 new members
In them.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Corn is sometimes injured more
than aided by cultivation, say special
lists In the, United States department
of agriculture.
Pillow deep while sluggards sleep;
And you shall have corn to sell and to
keep. r
is excellent advice when. preparing
the soil for planting, but is bad prac-
tice after the plants have attained any
considerable size. Some successful
growers, who have averaged 100 BUSH
els Of shelled corn to the acre on hun
dreds of acres, say the best single cul-
tivation they can give their corn Is
one eight or ten inches deep-just be-
fore planting. But after the corn is
up. each succeeding cultivation should
be shallower than the last.
Methods Of cultivation In one sec
ton of the country differ greatly from
those In another section. Farmers
should not cease trying to learn bet
ter methods because of these differ
ences. The most valuable information
can be obtained from unprejudiced OBJ
servant corn growers of many years
experience.
Purposes Of Cultivation.
The main purposes Of cultivation are
to prevent weed growth, surface run
OF and the loss of moisture by evap-
grafton. Proper cultivation should Sc.
cure these results regardless Of the
specific means used. Some Of the most
successful corn growers practice fire.
quent early cultivation. Early cult
vations will stimulate the growth OF
the young corn plants by aerating and
warming the soil. They will also check
injury from worms. insects and moles
Harrows or weeders should be used
before the corn is up or while 1t Il
small enough to permit their use
While the plants. are small, narrow
shovels that do not throw much soil
or disk cultivators set to throw thu
soil from the corn should be used
Tenders are desirable to prevent GOV
ering or injuring the small plants.
Many tests Of deep and shallow cul
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08
HENS FOR SMALL BACK YARDS
lIuhsc olorsd Birds Should Be Avoid
cd 40 Their PIumage Shows
Dirt Too Readily.

prepared By the United States Depart
ment Of AsricultursJ
In choosing pullets for small back
yards very liGht-colored and white
BIRDS should be avoided as their plum
are shows dirt too readily. Where the
soil Of the yard II clayey, pullets with
feathers on the legs and those with
moro than four toes on each foot
should b rejected.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08
SUITABLE HOUSE FOR
FARM POULTRY FLOCK
Ventilation Is Essential to Health
of Fowls.
Shutter Should Be 30 Constructed
That There viii Be No Draft In
Cold Weather-0ias Front 10
Quite Helpful.

prepared by tho United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.)
The back and sides Of the poultry
house should be absolutely tight In
order to prevent drafts which may
cause colds In the flock. This leaves
only, the front Of the house Of muslin
construction or entirely open. An
opening which can be closed by a
shutter may be used to advantage In
the rear wall Of poultry house In the
South. or In growing houses In all
parts Of this country, but this should
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08
(sBRaEfIERBA9Hss
Make spray while the sun shines.

Make spray while the sun shines.
A small garden well cared for Is Tar
better than q large garden neglected.
/, Manure should II possible be spread
early. but when crops are to be planted
late It may be advisable to apply ma
\ Tomatoes trained to stakes do not
yield quite an much a. in bush form,
but the fruit n better colored and
larger. r 9
An cereals should b Kept In DRY.
wsIl-llshted storsroosnx Damp dark
cellars sAosl1 nsssx b used fee peors
~ food.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08
PRODUCT OF SMALL FLocKs
Annual Average IL Commonly Estl'
81 mated At Ten Dozen Eggs Per
Hen n olvsn Care

prepared By. the United States Depart
msnt Of Asricuiture)
The ordinary average annual pro
duction Of small fiotks Of hshs siven
eood care u commonly estimated a.
ten dozen eggs Per hen. Two ordinary
hens Tor each member q the family
win supply about 20 per cent more
egss than the sysrags 1u family new
eonsunsA
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08

No matter how small the flock, the
iropplngs should be carefully saved,
stored, and either used as fertilixer for
plants or disposed Of to persons who
can 20 use them to increase the fertiI-
lily Of the soil.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08

Hens that d not run With tho rocs-
~ will produce infsrtils egss-which
le1R ~ asd natsst Rsst
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1919-08-08

Fresh lIttsr for Nests
yrosh litter should b placed IN the
u - 4 fseeusat intsrvsis osz'ns