davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02
Sanctions and Commands Armed Conflict In
stead of Aboshing 1t, and Yet Takes
Away Our Power of Self-defence
MENACES NATIONS INDEPENDEN
Senator Suggests Three Alternatives That Do
Not Strike at Constitution and That
Leave Sovereignty Untouched

WASHINGTON March 1Foowing Is the text Of Senator Knows
speech on the League of Nations in the to-day:
THE omcia Bulletin daily the President
OF the United states) has published under Friday
1919 and under the title Text of Covenant League Nations
Of the
document President
this particular commission
This document and the
lie understood include
en poncy contrary TO our fundamental PRINCIPLES OF International inter
and conduct destructive of
Of ourselves and other nations this
orerative)
changes Constitution
r.ssco,on 81 tho nIon h ,h sn,ra C ava th hl s =, tn
United States fullest
calm consideration The submission this
our people far and away the greatest and most important matter
placed before
assist in forming and become of the United States the world?
President Already Committed to
already
its present form merely the report of commission has been laid on the
conference table penary session. from which, Mr. Clemenceau
ton rejection In view OF these facts we might well foreso Its discussion
until the adopted it, that the
the fact that the President presided body
the proceedings incident the draftng that pres
he Endorsed the document and thereby
Executive it, that he has officially
of Foreign Relations committees of
the that there good for the
o document crude that is
clearing the and that doubt exist as to
Of international
disputes crave indulgence point
order that such negative conclusions may
bias the first place observe that am and
its attendant misery horrors and
Christians and would not do other
language frame
Willing to Result Is Certain.
all to bring
universal No dreams
intensely than these matters realize moreover
individuals sacrifice brings growth moral ana
said
while national
sacrifice and to country sacrl
m the utmost possible Righteousness
since sacrifice before placing
that when tho fire is knded and the
Offering proportonae advanced
The happiness 1t in this spirit that ap
proach the OF project
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

Under the Constitution a treaty be-
comes effective upon its ratification. fol-
lowing the advice and consent thereto
OF the Senate. Under the covenant no
treaty becomes binding until It has been
registered with the Secretary General OF
the League.
! ut seems reasonably certain moreover.
that situations calling for unconstitu-
tional action by this Government, might
arise under the provisions OF Article 10
relating to financial and economic meas
ures OF support, and Article 20 relating
TO freedom of transit and equitable treat
ment for commerce, because under these
provisions the League might demand the
making OF laws which in the sound dis
erection of Congress ought not to be made
and yet Congress might find itself under
the compelling force Of war with tho
entire League. to enact such legislation.
And next to the powers of war. no
powers are more far reaching or vital
than those which control the financial
and economic life OF the nation
"One other matter demanding con-
sideration. the question of mandates,
may be appropriately dealt with here
The provisions of the covenant relatl
to this subject are so loosely drawn Cpur-
posely or otherwise) that one cannot tell
just how the mandatory States are 10
be selected. 1t Is true that with refer
ence to the communities formerly belong
Ing to the Turkish Empire 1t is stated
that the wishes of the communities must
be principal consideration in the selec-
ton OF the mandatory Power, but this
provision Is not made as to any of the
other colonies or territories for which
provision Is to be made, and this not
withstanding the principle OF self-de-
termination adopted Gas has been re-
ported in the press) by all the Powers
now In conference Are the mandatory
States TO be chosen by the High Com
tracing Parties. by the members OF the
League, by the body OF delegates or by
the Executive Council? Or is the state
protected (for stripped OF the new day
verbiage. a protectorate Is really pro-
vided for) other than the Turkish EN-
pire communities, to indicate or to pick
out from the League membership or from
states not League members or from the
High Contracting Parties that particular
state which the protected State wishes
as protector? itls clear, fo@rNH, tina =
the protecting State, the mandatory. will
have in the matter no choice or voice
other than that which It exercises In the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

"After the most mature delibera-
tfon IL is possible for me to give, l
am convinced that you may place the
ease as high as you will, yet you can
not in the present state OF society
spell out an attainable end which
would Justify the destruction OF our
great country and Government-the
greatest democracy of all recorded
time. Our liberties, our free institu-
lions, our civilization, traditions and
ideals are all worth all we have ever
given to get them and all we could
possibly give, even to the point or
determination, to preserve them.
A world without America.
"Conjure in your mind, If you can,
a world without the Declaration or
independence, without our Constitu-
tion and free institutionsN without
our proclamations of emancipation of
races and Of nations, without this ma
ton itself, which all these things have
builded and made mighty. and then
tell me, I challenge you, what Is In
that now put before us which would
fill in terms OF blessing-not to our
selves, but to the world-the gap
caused by their blottinS out.
"The world has nothing more
precious for man to-day and for the
myriad generations yet unborn than
our own great Government, institu-
tlons and people-a people Which
without the obligation of treaty or
alliance, without thought Of gain, and
with onlg the thought of protecting
eternal right, put on the full accoutre-
tnent OF war and went TO battle that
The inalipablc human rights OF life,
liberty and the pursuit OF happiness
might still have a dwelling place
among men. that government of the
Ieople. by the people and for the peo-
ne might not perish from the earth,
''ILpiding our GossiaIieiit and It's
,nstitdtlons in this fervent reverence.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02

I'm proceeding with my analysis It
win be convenient to examine first the
machinery set up by this document for
carrying out Its covenants. noting the
powers and duties OF the respective parts,
and then to consider the broad matters
of substance. The document before us
establishes six operative league bodies
as follows:
Body OF Delegates.
Executive Council.
military Naval Commission.
Mandatory Commission.
Bureau CT Labor
permanent Secretariat.
81. Body OF Delegates:
Tho Body OF Delegates Is to be made
up OF representatives Of the High Con-
tracing Parties, each party TO have not
more than three delegates but to have
only one vote.
''Ths specific Jurisdiction given q tia
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02
Accentuates tho DimcuIty.

81 am not unmindful OF the fact that
by the ovenant-preamble' international
cooperation and international peace and
security are to be promoted. inter ALA,
by the firm establishment OF the I'M
derstandings of international law as the
actual rule of conduct among govern
ments; But this provision merely ao-
centuates the difficulty for there is no
universally recognized body of inter-
national law, and no provision is made
in the instrument for even an attempt to
secure one. Indeed there are many
great and fundamental differences Of
opinion as TO what is the rule or prin-
ciple OF international law on many
grave questions and even the customs
OF nations, not generally regarded as
having yet rtpened into international
law. are greatly at variance. Thus
the executive council in reality stands
IN a position. as already stated, to
make it's own law. rules and regulations
To sum up the executive council is legis-
lature, court. and in large part. exec
utive. all In one. A body clothed with
powers such as this Is an anachronlsm
It belongs not TO the enlightened age
IOf tho twentieth century but 70 the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02
Does Not Abolish War.

-First-Do its provisions abolish war
and make II hereafter impossible? There
is not an important article IN the docu-
ment which does not specifically auawer
that question no. And further, the
scheme provided therein holds out
higher promise. nay assurance. OF a fu-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02
NJ ust Go to War.

'Tn all OF these cases tho covenant
recognizes the legality OF a state OF war.
But the covenant goes way beyond this
and provides for and requires that In
( eftaih ~ reaching coatrovepsk the
parties must go 10 war. Without at
tempting to epell out from this instru-
ment the full number OF cases in which
war is mandatory l confine myself to
three:
"Flrst. By this document we, as one
OF the High Contracting Parties. obli-
gate ourselves to preserve, by force OF
arms II necessary, the territorial integ-
rity and political independence OF all
States members OF the League.
Second. II any OF the High Con-
tracing Parties breaks or disregards
its covenants under Article IL (the cove
nant dealing with resort to arms) then
as a member OF the League we must fly
10 arms to protect the covenants.
Third. II any non-member OF the
League. either accepting or not accepting
the obligations of membership in the
League for the purposes OF the dispute.
acts In such way as would constitute
violation OF Article II, II the State
were a member of the League, then we
must go to war to protect the cove
nants Of the League
And in all these three cases, whether
or not we participate and the amount
of our participation in belligerent
operations Is determined not by our
selves but by the Executive Council, in
which we have seemingly at most. but
one voice out OF nine. No matter what
we think OF the merits OF the contro-
versy, no matter how We view the wis
dom OF war over the cause, we arc
bound by THE covenant to go TO war
when and in the manner the Executive
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-02
Reference to Council.

by Article Is the High Contracting
Parties agree to refer 10 the Executive
Council any dispute not submitted to
arbitration and likely to lead 10 rup-
ture. which may arise between States
members Of the League; the parties
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18
NO SEPARATION OF THE
" \ SHEEP AND THE GOATS
(By Associated Press.)

Kansas City, Mo-, April 17.--Daily
telegraphic quotations on goats have
been ordered from here by the gov
ornment. owing to the greatly in
creased importance OF this branch of
the livestock industry. II is estimat.
ed that the Kansas City market, the
largest In America and perhaps the
largest in the world. will be rcceiv
Ing 5000 goats daily by May /.
The goat tastes very much the same
as mutton, dealers said in discussing
disposition of goats sold on this mar
ket.
"A goats reward for being fat and
healthy is to become mutton, and a
kid that goes to packing house
might be consoled with the knowl-
edge that his epitaph on the menu
will read lamb said one big dealer.
He added that packers are required
by the government to distinguish
between sheep and goats In transac
tion with dressed meat retailers, but
that the retailers are not required to
so inform consumers.
"The increasing magnitude of the
goat market may be somewhat at
tributable to the fact that goats arc
quoted usually at 50 to 50. so q hun
cred under sheep" the dealer said.
Goats are coming to market here
from Texas, New Mexico and Arizona
Those not conditioned for slaughter
are sold as feeders to farmers Of
Iowa, Missouri Nebraska and Illinois,
where they aid in clearing brush from
pasture land.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18
PROTEST. AGAINST PROPOSAL
TO SELL 'GLADES LANDS TO
BOOST THE ROAD FUND

Miami, April 1S.-Protest against
the bill now pending in the state
legislature, the passage Of which
would mean the selling Of Everglades
lands for the benefit of schools and
roads instead of drainage, and ap-
proval of the bill to make cattle dip
ping for the eradication of cattle
tick compulsory throughout the
state, is made by the Chamber of
Commerce in kilograms sent TO in
fluential state officials yesterday and
today.
A telegram was sent this morning
70 the livestock committee Of the
House to the effect that Dade county
IS now a tiek-free territory, and that
The citizens of the county believe the
Tipping plan should be made compul-
sorry to prevent the spread from the
counties that do not exercise this
care to those that do.
Yesterdays telegram concerning
he sale of Everglade lands was sent
to Gov. Sidney j. Cats. Senator W.
L. Hughlett and Representative ]. W.
Watson. as follows:
I'm behalf of every citizen of Mi
ami and Dade county, we deaire 70
enter a most vigorous protest against
passage Of the bill to sell Everglades
lands now owned by the state Of Flor
:da and use the proceeds for building
schools and roads. or for any other
purpose than drainage Of Everglades
lards."
Il is believed the bin Win receive
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18
PUBLICATION OF. ARMY ORDER
MAY CAUSE MISUNDERSTANDING

Paris, April 1S.--Grave injustice
has been done to thousands OF Amer
ican soldiers constituting the Labor
Battalions of the American FEpedi-
tionary Force because of the manner
in which publicity has been given to
General Order No, 80 of the United
States army in France, declares the
Rev. DR.. Albert J. Mccartney. mod
orator of the Chicago Presbytery' en-
gagged in Young Mems Christian As
sociation work in France.
The order directed that soldiers
suffering from social diseases SHAH
be separated and assigned to pro
yisional organizations retained for
labor purposes in Europe DR.. Nc
Cartney says it is unfortunate that
mo attention has been called tc the
fact that this order is in no way In
tended to reflect upon the Labor Bat
talfons properly so-called, which are
a permanent and indispensable fea-
ture of the United States Army. The
ronular mind" he adds sis likely to
confuse the Labor Battalion feature
of army life with the disciplinary Ia
Dor referred to in General Order NO
80"
He declares that he recently spent
some time with 1000 men of ore La
bor Battalion, and they "are as fine
and clean a set of fellows as you will
find in the army and they sorely re-
cent the reflection that the popular
Interpretation of General Order NO
% has put upon them.
zone boy, for instance, has letter
from his mother stating that 1t mas
broken her heart to have disclosed
~ her the true reason for his 3eten'
t,on IN France. " She had read n the
noners that all men of a certain d.
,.,s,on we're here except those de-
..,nsa as a disciplinary measure
,Tbis IS a plain crime against Amer
team homes and mo'hers hearts ae-
clares Or. Mccartney.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18
Libau Seized
lBy Associated Press.l

Copenhagen, April 1S.-German
ind Baltic German troops have forci-
(ly seized 5Libau and overthrown the
Iettish provisional government. ac-
prding to advices received by the
|ettish Press bureau here. The Ger
bans disarmed and interned the Let
|sh forces and later arrested the
|ettsh minister Of the interior and
|everal officials, it is said. Premier
|llman has protested to Gen. Won
Foltz, commander Of the German
loops In Letvia and the lattar has
kpressed his astonishment over tho
hcident.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18
Senate Passes Resolution
Submitting Suffrage !
Amendment To Voters

Grand Masters, J. w., White. Shirah
and Lester.
Later in the afternoon, Grand Mag.
ter Brown made his appointments az
follows:
N. G. Petit, Waldo grand chap
lain.
T. B. Wickoff, Orlando, grand mar
shall.
F. H, Cranston, Pensacola, grand
conductor.
Max sirkin, West Palm Beach
grand guardian.
J. NJ. Lasseter, South Jacksonville.
grand herald.
Finance committee, w. N. Lathrop
Of Bradentown. The other member !,
on this committee. who remain over
are o. T. Edwards, of Jacksonville.
chairman; +. r. Hoffmann, o. Key
West.
Printing, M. M. Little, Robb Nc
Clellon and j. H. Pegram.
d Credentials. George W. Schofield, g.
w. Chapman and M. r. Zeller. n
Transportation. 8. G. Mcconnell,
C. Philip and A. e. Parks.
The business of the grand lodge be.
ing so important and heavy, there
was no opportunity to engage in the
plan of entertainment which It hae
been hoped would be carried out,
that of taking the delegates and off,
GERS on an automobile trip about the
city and through the suburban dis
tricts.
The next meeting will be held the
third Tuesday in April. 1929. In Or.
lando.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18

Work of driving pillng for the Bra
dentown-Palmetto bridge was re-
sumed yesterday after a short DELAY
caused by lack of material. Piling has
row been driven to within about coo
feet of this shore and it is thought
enough piling is now on hand to finish
tie job. 1t IS expected that the stee,
work for the drawbridge will be on
hand about the middle of May and
the bridge viii probably be complet-
ed and ready for formal opening by
July 4.-Bradentown Journal.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18
GRAND LODGE ODD FELLOWS
MEETS IN ORLANDO FOR THE /
NEXT ANNUAL SESSION

Jacksonville. April 1S.--The sixty.
fourth annual meeting of the Grand
Lodge OF Florida, Independent Order
of Odd Fellows, which was convened
Monday morning by Grand Master
James Henry Shirah of Tampa, came
to close at 6 o'clock yesterday, the
officers for tho ensuing year being
elected and installed and Orlando
chosen as the next place OF meeting
of the grand lodge, Arthur B. Brown
of Fort Pierce, being the new grand
master.
The session yesterday morning op
ened with the transaction OF unfn-
ished and important new business
was taken up and there was the con-
sideration of many matters OF import
ance to the order In the State. varj
Gus committees made reports which
we're received and acted upon by the
grand lodge.
Past Grand Master J G.. Connally
of Jacksonville, chairman of the COM
mittee on the Odd Fellows home in
Gainesville, made a most interesting
report. Following this there was the
creation OF an endowment fund for
the home, the aim being to secure
$4,000 for this purpose. The report
Of Chairman Connally included de
tailed statement of the affairs Of the
home and Its needs and requirements
ard what is being done there for the
widows and orphans of Odd Fellows
and for aged Odd Fellows. M. c. Jen.
kins of Jacksonville, was appointed
member of the board supervising
the home and will serve for three
years, Mrs. Emma Saunders. o.
Gainesville, being selected as 4 mem
ter of the board for two years.
At the morning session, the election
of officers was also held, resulting as
follows:
Arthur B. Brown, Fort Pierce.
grand master.
George W. Hall Fort Lauderdale.
deputy grand master.
r. B. Crawford, Fort Meade grand
warden.
NJ. NJ. Little, ocala, grand secre-
tary.
Frank L. Helms, Orlando, grand
treasurer.
C. D. Rinehart. Jacksonville, grand
representative.
nur'ng the morning session, ihe re.
firing grand master, J. II. shiroh, o:
Tamua. was presented with a beautl-
srl and valuable past grand masters
'ewnl the presentation being made by
East Grand Master Lester.
Closing Session
AZ the afternoon session. Grand
,'orto- p-owu and the other newly
.I~~taE oHcers were fruoress'vsiv IN
viar'aa grso erare. ths Installation GER
emonfes being conducted by Past
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18

is Mr.. H. e. Pritchett, of Lakeland
and lG. V. Yonce, Of Virginia, is sec
retary and treasurer. The company
has paid up capital of 100000. The
plant is being put into shape and the
bottling of soft drinks will commence
in about three weeks. Machinery will!
be installed and the company expects
to be ready to begin canning and manu-
ufacturing juices and syrups next
winter. Winter Haven Chief.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18
SILVER DEMAND ON THE
BOOM IN ARIZONA
Copper Market Stagnant az Result OF
Cessation Of War Calls

Phoenix, Ariz., April 18.-Silver ID
king again in Arizioa, says G. p. Rein.
iger, president Of the Association Of
Arizona Mining Men. With the cop
per market stagnant as a result Of
the cessation OF war requirements,
the demands for white metal are pour
Ing in from all corners of the globe.
Many of the producers are replacing
their copper-handling equipment with
plants to turn out silver.
There is big demand for silver
In China and India" says gorge d.
Bethuns, Of Globe. "The United
States government is filling 1t at 81
an ounce. the same price at which 1t
is supplying 2oo.00O,OoO ounces Of the
metal to the British government on
contract" W a .@tf'3r9D at..au. i.
4, Years ago when Tombstone was at
the height Of Its fame, Arizona .was a
great silver producer. Then came
the slump Copper was discovered.
Last year, according to the estimate
of the United States geological sur.
vey, Arizona produced $4,000, 900
worth of copper. "Give us "copper""
was the cry from the United States
and the Allies.
Changed Overnight
With the armistice conditions
changed overnight. One billion
pounds of copper, more than a third
of which was Arizona production, are
estimated to be awaiting sale, but
copper is down and silver is up.
Surveys of the state indicate that
in the Prescott and Tucson mines sill.
Yer predominates over the other met.
ais; in Bisbee, Jerome, Globe and
Ajo Its values as a by.product run
heavily. 4
From the neighborhood OF Prescott
come reports of the revival of old
silver mines. Battle-Flat, scene of a
sanquinary Indian fight in the seven
ties, is reported to have yielded new
discoveries of silver and two fresh
camps have been opened on this spur
OF the northern slope of the Brad.
shaws.
The official tables of the United
Safes geological survey report a sill.
yer production of $6S13,OOO in Ari.
zona during 1918, but producers state
that this does not represent anything
like the total value of he white metal
recovered.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18
Binding
SNOW KEEPS
FL|fRS ON
THIS SIDE
(By Associated Press.)

St. Johns, April ia driving
snowstorm, which has covered the
ground six inches and Is still In prog
ress at noon, put a stop today to the
activities of the aviators waiting
here for favorable opportunity TO
attempt the transatlantic flight.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18
HORSE SAVES WAR BONDS

oWensville, Ind, April Isl. VIII
Smith. a farmer living north OF
Sere is sure that a horse prefers hay
Liberty bonds. While putting hay
10 a manger in his barn for his
FSorite driving horse, Liberty bonds
mounting to $500. fell out OF his
|scget into the manager. Mr.. Smith
q not miss them until severa' hours
i'efward. His search led him to the
anger. The hay was gone but the
|oads were there. ThTe horse had
ipped them, but not enough to dam
e the securities.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18
b0LS FAIL
IN ATTEMPT
TO STORM THE
AUSTRIAN
PARLIAMENT
BUILDING
(By Associated Press.)

Vienna, Thursday. April 1S.--De
layed.-Bolshevik sympathizers this
morning attempted to storm the Aus
trian parliament building but were
soon dispersed with a few wounded.
The city generally is quiet. The at
tempt caused no special excitement
in the city and was the first Bolshe-
vik outbreak here since last Novem.
ber.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1919-04-18
LAKELAND, FLORIDA FRIDAY, APRIL IS. 1919
MUT|NOUS
CONDITIONS
PREVAIL IN
EGYPT
(By Associated Press.)

Paris April 1S.-Newspapers here
feature the reports as to the gravity
OF the Egyptian situation and It is
said there is great concern among the
British authorities over the national
ist movement. Dispatches state that
conditions prevail at Cairo
Alexandria and Port Said. Insurgent
leaders demand that European off,
cials resign and that English citizens
leave the country and that Mussel>
man empire be founded with a Caliph
at Cairo.