Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-11-09
-S|MPL|F|ED LESSONS IN
CARE OF AUTOMOBILE
ingly Mechanical Accessories
Important to Car.
APPARENTLY INSIGNIFICANT
BY Understanding Simple Devices
NoviCcS Can Often Correct An
moving Faults by Turn or Two OF
Nut-Questions and Answers.
ny FREDERICK L. GuERRLiCu. VI. L:
LAuIO LcSsNn No. lkI. =

tNutO Lesson NO. lbs.l
The mechanical accessories OF the
automobile. while apparently insign!n-
cant. are an extremely important part
or the car, and they are parts the
understood by the novice. By under
standing Them. thc novice Mil often.
by one o. iwo turns OF q nut, be able
were he not 10 know their use.
AS the automobile is subjected 20 n
constant vibration. and Is many OF its
parts become hot and then cool again.
and so expand and ccntraCt. its nuts,
bolts and screws, etc, are bound 20
come loose, unless some device is fur
nished 10 prevent This. or, as the say
bolt should never bc put on without
some locking device therefor.
Most Popular Device.
Perhaps the most-used locking de-
vice Is thc lock OF split washer.
shown in Fig. l. The washer. letter y.
Is simply slipned over the bolt AMI the
nut then screwed tight. The illustra-
iion shows the position The washer
takes when the nut Is not quite tight.
The bent ends Of the washer. l. and {.
YOU Will notice. ar" set so that they
can dig into the nut ANA metal. 50
that when the nut Is unsCrewed some
Of its metal Will be cut away before *
Will loosen. II Is good practice 20
carry small box, Of assorted lock-
old washer has become HAT 20 replace
Next after the lock washer, the nu,
is locked by having slots cut in the
TOP of It, and n small hole drilled
through the end OF the bolt. and Stick
ing a cotter-pin through one set OF the
slots and the hole in the bolt This
is shown in Fig:, :. a nut of this type
lock than the washer, and is generally
used on important bolts and ones which
cannot be looked after without remov
ing other parts.
Where a number Of caD-Scr.ws ,holt-
threaded screws with heNagon heads)
are used especially when placed in a
ierential and clutch springs, they arc
held fast by drilling small holes
through the heads OF the screws. and
then running a wire through the hole
in. Fig. 3. Leaving this wire of is a
mistake which many often make.
When the nut is OF larger diameter
as the shutter tightening nut o: the
universal. or adjusting nut OF the
steering mechanism. ii is customary
10 split the nut and to furnish i, with
smaller bolt so that II can be clamp
cd tight on ihethrcadS. after bc!u.
turned up me proper amount, This
While the above are the most used
rocking devices, few specially de-
f sdgned ones mes vii EeneTaIly also be
above will quickly see the action OF
these special devices.
Copper Tubing Discussed.
ON all cars there is a certain amount
OF copper tubing as that OF the gaso-
line line etc. AS soldering is seldom
required for this. ii can bc easily re-
placed and repaired by the novice The
couplings are so designed that they
WI! make the joints tight by pinch
ing" the ends OF the tube.
Two types O: couplings are used
which can be purchased in almost am,
supply store. In one, the coupling or
union has three parts: the screw or
1rale member. the nut and a small CON
zeal burr or ferrul. To install a niece
OF tubing with such a union the NUTS
are slipped on to the tube and then the
Durr is pressed on so that about three
elBhths OF an inch OF the tube ex-
tends through il. This end of the
tube is then inserted in the inside Of
the male member and the nut screwed
disht; The burr viii thus, be ,pinched
tight even alright. Fugurc ; shows
a cross section OF such "A union \ is
the male member. i the burr and 4
in, the other type OF union. which is
much used. the end OF the screw or
male member is conical SHAPED ana
the back OF the inside o. the nut is
corrcspondinEly con!cal shared no
install tube with this union. the mn;
IS silpped on 10 II, ana then the taocr.
cd shank OF q lille tthc corners OF whicf
nave been rounded of SO ih.v viii No.
cuD is inserted into the end OF Inc