davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04
BRANCH PROTECTIVE
LEAGUE DID FINE WORK
Secret Service in Touch With Every
Part of the State-Disbanded
February 1st.

Scarcely a dozen Montana citizens,
aside from those in the organizations
we're aware, it is safe to say, that IN
every Montana community during the
war there was an active, secret 1orce
of volunteer agents who ferretteo ouI
disloyalty, and aided nightly IN 1he
winning of the war.
This organization, which operated
in Montana as we'll as every other
state. was the American Protective
league, organized with the approval
and operated under the direction OF
the United States department OF JUS
+ice. It was disbanded February l.
An outline of it's activities in Montana
is given in an article that has been
prepared by Charles D. Greenfield,
secretary of the Montana Council of
Defense.
Walters in Charge.
sIn each state" he says, "there was
state inspector and under this state
inspector were division chiefs who had
charge of territory in their neghbor-
hood. In Montana the state inspec-
tor was N. P. Walters of Helena, while
under him were forty division chiefs
located not only in the larger cities
but in small places, such as Alder IN
Madison county, Virgelle in Choteau
and Rexford in Lincoln county, each
division having from 25 to 200 men,
bers. The men who made up the
working force of the American Pro-
tective league in Montana were all vol
unteers and did all they were request
ed to do and watched out for the in
terests of the government from pure
ly patriotic motives and without
cent of expense to the national gov
ernment, paying themselves whatever
expenses were entailed by reason of
their activities.
"No publicity was given the organ
ization and it's personnel was careful
1y selected from among loyal Ameri-
cans, the state and county chiefs being
men who were respected in the COM
munities and persons of influence.
These men did not have the power of
arrest and very rarely was it that
they needed credentials. They were
simply gatherers of information and
investigators, making their reports to
the department Of justice and keep
ing thousands of suspected men and
women under observation.
How It Operated.
"The plan Of operation was simple.
A report would come to the depart
ment of justice at Washington bring
ing into question the loyalty Of some
one located. we viii say, IN Montana,
possibly living miles from railroad
The department of justice did not
have force sufficiently large to in
vestigate the report and the matter
would be turned over to the director
Of the American Protective league who
would send the report to the state in
spector and he would make the inves-
tigation, not probably directly him
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04

self, but quietly through as many
sometimes as half a dozen volunteers
who we're members of the league.
No Man Immune.
"No man was 81 high or so low in
wealth or social position that there
was not the opportunity to investigate
him without his being aware of it,
if he was under suspicion as to his
loyalty. Suppose a man of wealth OF
German descent and sympathies were
suspected. He was possibly member
of club and prominent in financial
and business circles of his community.
An ordinary detective would find much
difficulty in getting the truth about
the man, but another banker or mer-
chant or professional man who did
business with him could find out all
about his sympathies and considerable
about his activities without in the
least arousing his suspicious.
"In this work of the American Pro-
tective league bankers We're engaged
not because there was anything ma
terial in it for them but because they
embraced the opportunity to work for
their country. But it must not be
understood that the American Protec-
tive league only investigated those
who We're really disloyal. Personal
enemies made reports to the depart
ment of justice on men and women out
of pure spite and with the object Of
"getting even." These complaints
were investigated and in hundreds of
cases in Montana the suspect was CIV
en- clean bill of health and the COM
plainant was warned not to let it oc-
cur again.
Some Talked Too Much.
"In many instances men and women
who were not actually disloyal but
who talked too much and thus fell un-
der suspicion, were warned quietly and
without publicity by some personal
friend who was a member of the
league, being told he had better keep
quiet and while it was not believed
they were opposed to their own coun-
try, nevertheless they were getting in
bad and it would be for their best in
terest to change their tune. These
warnings were never disregarded.
"Another line along which the
league did most excellent work, and
where it was called upon by the war
was in connection with the
giving of commissions to men of alien
enemy descent who had gone through
training camps. The names Of these
applicants for commissions in the ar
my were sent to the state inspector
with the request that he investigate
and report fully not only as to the
character and reputation Of the as
pirant for a commission but also as
to his family connections and their
sympathies as regarding the bellig-
erents. Hundreds of these reports
were made by State Inspector Walters
through the cooperation Of the divis-
ion chiefs.
lts Other Activities.
"Anothar field of andeavOr covered
by the American Protective league
was in connection with the apprehen-
sion Of draft dodgers. Scores of men
who were subject to the draft and
who tried to avoid it were brought
before the local board through the
efforts Of the members of the Amer
lean Protective league in Montana.
The American Protective league also
& ESs2 X
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04
DISCHARGED MEN TO
GET SERVICE BUTTON

The threatening danger that civil
ian clothes might soon become spotted
and spattered with innumerable chew
rome and other service symbols which
discharged soldiers are SO loath to
part with has been averted by the war
department.
1t has been announced that two SER
vice buttons, one for overseas men
and the other for those who did not
leave America, are to be authorized
by the war department. They will
be designed for wearing on civilian
coats. The government is preparing
to manufacture them in large guam
titles for distribution.
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04
Get to Work as
Soon as You Can

Everybody must work. HUI
mans are no different in
this respect than the busy
bee, and the quicker we re-
alize this fundamental, the
sooner will come that actu-
al peace for which the world
has been fighting.
The drone in the bee hive
is not tolerated, but thrown
out and Stunned when he
begins to live on the results
of the labor of others.
A place to work and some
thing to do must be provided
for those worthy. There are
big things to do in America.
Everybody should get his
bearings and settle down to
peace time pursuits. The
war is over.
Before the war, America
exported approximately Z
million tons of foodstuffs,
products of the farm. We
must now produce and ex-
port a surplus estimated at
% million TONS.
No person who knows any,
thing about farming should
seek employment in the cit
les. The latter are over
crowded with people to
whom a dime looks as big
as a silver dollar and oppor-
tunity and necessity for
spending money is greater
than the wages received by
the average worker.
The farmer is independent
Of the "hall bedroom of the
close, ill-smelling apartment
having the outdoors to work
and live in. At the end of
the season, the returns for
his labor have been saved,
whereas the city man more
often has nothing to show.
The farmer is privileged to
enjoy everything the city
man has and then some.
Many applicants to the
U. S. Employment
Service
have come from men who
have experienced city life
and after years of toll and
sacrifice have found them
selves with as little of the
worlds goods as when born.
There are great big oppor-
tunities on the American
farm which need only devel-
opment. There are hordes
of wealthy farmers indepen.
dent and able to retire at the
age of fifty; they are the en-
Wv of every city man.
Farm employment is tht
surest all year round job any
one can have and the bes'
pay in the long run. U. 5
Employment Service can pu
you in touch with thes'
Farm Opportunities. NJ \.
fee is charged either appll
cant or prospective employ
er for the service.
This message contributed by
|61..~>-. E1n,,n
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04
-Tn1Nk IN 1NrEREsr-sAvE
ECONOMIXE, BUT LET 1T
RE SENSJRT Il EC0N0N

BE SENSIBLE ECONOMY
There are many warped notions re-
garding the meaning of economy.
Some think that economy means
skimping and stinginess-deprivation
the buying of cheap goods.
When applied to the buying and
using of foodstuffs there never was a
more grievous error, graver mis-
take. 1t is the worst kind of folly to
deprive oneself or family of pure,
wholesome foods for the sake of mon
ey-miserlness. Such a method is
certain to result in impaired health.
Food purity should be the first con-
sideration-then economy.
This happy combination Of purity
and economy are splendidly defined
in Calumet Baking Powder. Calumet
is absolutely pure in the can and in
the bakings-it contains only such in
gradients as have been officially ap-
proved by the U. S. Food Authorities.
Despite the fact that Calumet is the
purest, highest quality Baking Pow
der procurab]e, it is moderate in price
In addition to this, Calumet affords
another opportunity for saving. 1t
possesses twice the leavening strength
of most powders-only half the usual
amount is required. Again-Calumet
enables the housewife to practice SEN
sible economy-Calumet never fails
it never allows bakeday loss and waste
of expensive baking ingredients.
Only by purchasing and using such
products can the housewife employ
economy Of a truly beneficial nature
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04

Spring is here: Don't forget we
have our annual duty to perform.
Let's clean up our own yard and alley
before we criticize our neighbor. Now,
everybody together.
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04

The Great Northern railway mailed
the chamber number of pamphlets
called "a Silo, the Mark of Progress"
Any farmer interested in building a
silo should send for one of these books.
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04
"Watch the Go in Glasgow"

Are you interested in a business
mans athletic association? Yes, the
Home Guards have changed the ma
ture of their organization from mill
tary to athletic.
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04
LIBRARY REPORT.

The following is the report of the
Carnegie public library and reading
rooms for the month of March, 1919:
Number of persons in to read ....1701
Largest daily attendance ..,......,.. 95
Smallest daily attendance ...,.-.....- IS
Average daily attendance ........,..- 81
Number Of books loaned .......,... 654
Number of magazines loaned - ITO
New members enrolled ............ 80
Fines collected $4.65
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04

The chamber this week distributed
25 pounds Of choice sugar beet seed
among the Valley county farmers.
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04

The United States employment ser
vice office is busy office these days
trying to secure farm help. The SER
vice can place so men on farm oppor-
tunities. Wages range from $50 to
$50 per month. If you know of man
who is in need of employment refer
him to the government employment
service. No charges made to either
employer or employee. Free to all.
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04

reported on all applicants for posi-
tions in the Y. NJ. C. A., etc. One of
the important undertakings of the
league in Montana was the collec-
tion, at the direction of the war de-
partment, of magazine clippings, guide
books, maps, photographs and postal
cards illustrative of localities occu-
pied by the German forces during the
war. Inspector Walters had inserted
in a number of papers requests for
this material and the results were
far beyond expectations in that scores
of photographs and descriptions of
places in Germany were sent to him
and forwarded to the war department..
"That the Montana branch of the
league did it's work we'll and that it's
efforts were appreciated is shown by
a letter under date of February %
from the national director received by
State Inspector Walters which among
other things says: 1T is my pleasant
duty to express my profound graft
tude for the service rendered and for
the full measure Of cooperation which
this department has received at your
hands. We learned to rely upon you
for information concerning Montana
and we want to assure you of the ap-
probation of this office for the very
admirable and efficient work which
you did in the interests of the league"
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04

Any soldier or sailor honorably dis
charged who has not made applica-
tion for the $50 bonus granted to the
men will find the home service sec
ton of the Red Cross ready to help
them. Call at the chamber of COM
merce offices.
The Glasgow courier., 1919-04-04

The chamber received digest Of
the disposition of all bills introduced
at the 65th congress from December
2, 1918, to March 4, 1919, when the
65th congress came to an end. This
pamphlet is for the use of the men,
bers.
Chairman Edward n. Hurley of the
U. S. shipping board has mailed the
chamber two pamphlets, one entitled
"Plan for the Operation of the New
American Merchant Marine' and the
other "World Shipping Data Report
on European Mission" Anyone de-
string to consult these are at liberty
to do so.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-02-17
THREE BLOCKS BURNED
Fire at Savannah Causes Loss
of Several Million Dollars.
Thick Suffocating Smoke From Burn
ing Resin Greatly lmpedes Work
of Firemen.

Savannah, Ca, Feb. 17.-Fed by
large quantities of resin and turpen.
tine, fire destroyed the plant of the
Southern Fertilizer and Chemical com.
pany and burned section three blocks
long and about 200 feet wide through
the terminals of the Seaboard Airline
railroad, with loss estimated in mil.
lions of dollars
Cotton, naval stores, sugar, lumber
and nitrate of soda added to the in
tensity of the flames, which were
placed under control after five hours
of fighting The efforts of the firemen
were hindered by thick suffocating
smoke arising from burning rosin and
turpentine and by a wind which
reached almost gale proportions.
Fire walls prevented the fire spread.
ing to the general docks, but the
flames leaped over the walls of the
naval stores and lumber wharves.
The terminal is located across the
Savannah river from the business sec,
tion of the city.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-02-17
ASKS FOR FEDERAL AID
Secretary Lane Seeks. Educa-
tionaI Appropriation.
informs House Committee liIiteracy Is
the Root of Present Indus
trial Unrest.

Washington Feb. 17.-Secretary
Lane, in appealing to the house edu-
cation committee for immediate action
on pending bill to provide $12,50o,00O
federal aid annually to states spend
ing like sums for the education and
development of illiterates, said Hitter
acy was the root of American indus
trial labor troubles.
Passage of the measure at this ses-
sion was urged by the secretary as
one of the most important duties of
congress.
He said destructive agitation could
be coped with and American ideals
understood only when foreign born
workers understood the American
language. The recent strike In the
copper mines in Montana, the commit
tee was told, resulted from interfer-
ence of foreign speaking /. w. WIS
with native miners" More than half
the men in some of the largest indus
tries are foreign born, Mr.. Lane said.
The secretary called attention to the
fact that millions were spent by the
federal government to fight animal dis
eases, compared with the 100000
pent for education through the bureau
of education.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-02-17
Marshall Votes Against Taking
Up Resolution Relating to
Troops in Russia.
PREPARING new BILL
Senator Johnson of California, Auss>os
of Resolution, Intends to intro
duce Another Measure Along
Similar Lines.

Washington, Feb. 17.-With the vote
of Vice President Marshall breaking
a tie, the senate defeated a motion by
Senator Johnson of California, Repub-
lican, to eproceed with consideration
of his resolution proposing an expires
sion by the senate for withdrawal of
American troops from Russia as soon
as practicable.
This was the second successive day
that the California senator had failed
to get action on the resolution, but
he announced he would continue his
fight, probably by introducing new
measure.
Senator Johnson interrupted consid-
Grafton of the rivers and harbors, bill
with motion to supplant that meas
ure and proceed with consideration of
his resolution. There was only brief
| debate, Senator Sherman of Illinois oc-
| cupying most of the time in support
| of the resolution in denunciation of
| the Bolshevik regime in Russia. He
also criticised administration policies.
Senator Fletcher of Florida, in
charge of the rivers and harbors
measure, moved to table the motion of
\ Senator Johnson and the vote was a
tie, 33 to 33. Voting for the first time
in many weeks. the Vice President
cast his vote in the affirmative.
Catherine Breshkovskaya, grand.
mother of the Russian revolution, -
stood before the senate propaganda
investigation committee and pleaded
earnestly that America send machfn.
cry end other materials to Russia. at
once to aid in an Industrial reconstruc.
tion which she said would result in
ridding the nation of the Bolshevik
burden. Allied troops, she said, would
be effective against the "brigand Boil.
shevik" only If augmented and sent
on the offensive
Would Allied troops be welcomed
by all Russians except the Bolshe
viki?" questioned Senator Sterling OF
South Dakota.
Certainly" replied the aged woman
earnestly. Our people there are sc
tired of the Bolshevik, so tired. They
have asked aid from you for a year
Come and beat the Bolsheviki. The
Russian people will be glad, very
glad"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-02-17
President Leaves France on Lin
er George Washington for
HomeWard Journey.
PEACE EXPECTED SOON
Renewal of Armistice Will Likely De
velop Terms to Be imposed on
Germany-AIl Efforts Are
Now Toward Peace.

Brest, Feb. 17.-President vii.
SON has sailed for the United
States aboard the liner George
Washington.
The Presidents party is much
smaller than that which accom-
panied him on the trip over, due
to the fact that large portion Of
the staff of technical experts and
assistants is remaining In Paris to
assist in the peace work. The
liner is also bringing back the 800
American soldiers who formed the
guard at the Murat palace.
Paris, Feb. 17-With the League OF
Nations temporarily disposed OF, the
peace delegates directed their efforts
toward effecting definite preliminary
peace with Germany, which will en-
able general rehabilitation and re.
sumption of normal industry and com,
merce throughout the world. Practi.
caly all the conferees have agreed
that this is the most vital problem
now before them.
The world is now in state of stag
nation. Industries everywhere are
awaiting the actual signing of peace,
and the growing unrest and uncer.
tainty in many countries can be traced
directly to economic conditions.
Food to Last to March.
Semi-official reports from Germany
indicate that country has enough food
to last until March. New crops will
not be available before June. In the
interim, conditions of actual starva-
ton may prevail and bring about seri-
Gus disturbances unless steps to meet
this situation are taken speedily A
preliminary peace would correct these
conditions and would be comparative
ly simple in accomplishment.
The military status could be fixed
by demanding immediate demobiliza
tion upon a peace basis. The Allies
could agree what Germany should pay
in the way of indemnities and how
she should pay 1t, and this could be
apportioned among the interested ma
tions. After this was disposed OF, ths
economic status could be fixed b,
agreeing to what extent the economic
blockade would be lifted.
Truce to Show Terms.
That some such program will be
partially arranged under the new pro
visions for extension of the, armistice
Is limited at in certain official guar
ters. These provisions will be pre-
sented to- the Germans by Marshal
Foch at Treves.
Considerable additional work must
be done to perfect the plan, however
and toward this end the newly Great
ed supreme economic council will CO
operate closely with the supreme wal
council, and 1t is expected that fur
ther requirements from Germany viii
develop as the armistice is renewed
from time to time, resulting gradually
In what will virtually amount to {
preliminary peace.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-02-17
Task of Organizing League OF Ma.
tions Consisted of Remov-
ing difficulties.
FREEDOM or THE SEAS
With Perfect Organization There
Will Be No Neutrais and Con-
sequentIy No Questions of
Sea Traffic Can Arise.

Paris, Feb. 17.-Now that the prof
ect for the creation of league of ma.
tons, which was the principal object
of the gathering of representatives of
most of the states not in arms, has
been successfully launched, it may be
proper to tell of some of the Difficult.
ties encountered and to indicate the
status of some of the great issues re.
naming to be adjusted by the peace
conference.
While there was unanimity as to the
desirability of a league of nations, it
soon developed that some, of the dele
gates, slSeptical Of its immediate eff
cheney, desired to maintain the old
order of balances of power and pro
tected frontiers until the new system
had demonstrated it's capacity to meet
the needs of peace-loving nations. Pa
tient endeavor and many long sessions
of the supreme council itself, and
afterward of the special commission
created to deal with the subject, were
necessary to establish to the satisfac
tion of these threatened dissentors the
impossibility of continuing the old or
der while installing the new.
Difficulties Overcome.
In fact, it was only within the last
week that the difficulties facing the
league of nations were overcome, al
though with some misgiyings, it IL
true. The doubling nations were in
duced to try the experiment of relying
upon the honor and common Interest
of the other nations to insure the sue
cess of the project. Then there wa:
the difference over the question o.
mandatories for backward peoples
Rather heated arguments developed a.
times, but these differences also were
adjusted with unanimity in the end.
Various big issues presented them
selves, some of which were skilfully
diverted to commissions which are t
report afterward to the league of ma
tions, while others were rather sud
denly disapproved in the light of the
development of the plan for the league
of nations
Such was the vexed question of free
dom of the seas which jeopardized thu
support of Great Britain. 1t was real
lied that with a perfect league of ma
tions there would be no neutrals, ant
that consequently no question coult
arise as to freedom of the seas in tim,
of war, while nj time of peace equit
able relations between nations wer,
guaranteed by special provisions of tn,
covenant
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-02-17
$4,000 900, 900 COST OF WAR
Britain's Expenditure Greatest, France
Second and u. S. Third.

Second and U. S. Third.
Washington, Feb. 17.-Exclusive of
expenditures by Belgium, Portugal,
Roumania, Austria Hungary and Bull
garia, the total cost OF the European
war was fixed at s179, 900, ,000,0 900 in an
official estimate made public here and
based on data in the hands of the
federal reserve board, the secretary
and the bulletins of the Swiss society
of banks. The table was compiled on
estimated expenditures to last Janu-
ary 81.
Total expenditures>o the Allies and
the United States were fixed at $119,-
581 100000 exclusive OF loans among
themselves, which totaled $18,375, ,000,.
900.
The individual expenditures of the
nations were given as follows:
Great :, Britain, $37, 100, ,000, 900;
France, $27, ,009, ,0o0, 900; United States,
$18 8,4S1, 100000; Russia, $4,000, ,OO0,.
900; Itely. $10,oo0,oO0; Serbia, $s,00o,-
100000; Japan and Greece, $1,000, ,o00,.
900.
The total expenditures of Germany
were given as sS6,50O, ,o0O,O0 and of
Turkey, $23, 900 100000 making an az.
gregate of $50 soc, ,000, 900 for these two
members of the Germanic alliance.