davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-03
HIDES AND TAILnM-

IIorFeCteO tOdaE Dy > v. LiUpman, 2fa
~ Main ST.
Hides. 2Jd35c: calfsklns. 4OdIOc
Rendered tall0w, safe ID: bceswaK.
goo pound.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-03
BIRTHS

AR. and Mrs A y. Richey $500
Mishawaka ay.. a son. Aug. 80.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-03

MNis. 10 dra uit~ AED
SHELL CORk-Paying 81 81
OATS-Paying 20. selling 90.
Bk A>---.,"iiIng - % hundred
MIDDLINGS- Sellin- $500 hundred
CHOPPED FEED-Sellins. S325 per
vi
SCRATCH FEED-Selliug St25 per
eNt
WHEAT-Paying S2I6
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-03
LIVE STOCK

Corrected Daily by Major Bees o. L.
gan St, MishAWhi1a.l
HEAN4 FAT STEERS Fair 20 good
lOM1lc. prime. 1zdI4c.
HOGS-15OQlJ 100 lbs, 10c, 1J0M175
lbs, l6lgc. 200 up lie
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-03

Bibles. Prayerbooks at Schnings.
2246-2-Advt.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-03

lower. beef. 50 2501SOO. butcher stock.
Sdt54l4 90; stockers and feeders -
Orb cows. 50 J00I3oo. calves. $1,000
02O25
SHEEP - Receipts 10000 market
steady; wool lambs. S750n1150. ewes.
S25oaS50
INDIANAPOLIS LIVE STOCK
INDIANAPOLIS. Ind. sept HOGS
Receipts. 200. market 30 20 81 so
lower best heavies. SIS S0FI2O 90. medi
ums and mixed, SO 00d2O.2J. common
% choice. S20.OOd20.30, bulk Of sales.
S2O0Od2O25.
Receipts. 500; market ar-
tive and strong. steers So p0ui 90.
cows aud heifers. S5hOd1450
SHEEP - Receipts I 400 market
steady. top. 81 0OnT50
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-03
PEPPERMINT OIL.

oil. Paint and Drug Reporter"
Peppermint, tins ............ sO0d i =
rectihed Observation-Disclosures. : 506l . IS
bottles ...................-1 10 OOdiO Is
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-03
KERna


Corrected Daily Da Warner Bros SEED
store. 22B =. Michigan 81
COW PEAS-S450 TO 81 50
JAPANESE MILDEr--S3 20 $3.50
RED CLONER-S2S 20 S32
TiMOTHl-SGOO 70 $3.50.
RED 1ut'--a3UO
SOY BEANS-S5 &c Sc
SOCDAN GRASS-S3O per hundred
SPELIS-S4 % cWt
WINTER OF HAIRY BETCH-Se7 90
pc busheI
~ ..r:.uN ERS-25c 10.
ALSIkE-S 2S.O0Q 5000
DLLE GEASS-S5.15
WHITE CLOVER 40 20 S35
SWEET CLONEk-SIs.O
MAMMOTH CLONER-S9S 10 So.
ALFALFA-S19.O 90 bu.
rtI-LD EEAS--S3 ~ 10 $50
POULTRY AND MATS
., oFI ectCd Daily ~ J.nttnies Market
las T.. Jefferson BfyS
BEEF--Roast, $4,000; boiling. 2Oc.
LARD-Paying 40c, selling 45c.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-09-03

CHICAGO Sept. 2-HOGS-Receipts
1900. market % 20 Soc lower bulk.
SIT 5Od20 %. packing. $40 20sd II %
lights. SIG O0do0 &c: pigs S16OOG1S -
roughs. S15.J0Q1G25
CATTLE Receipts. 1000: market DC
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18

Diamond Tires adjusted on basis
of 5000 miles. The Peck Co.-adv.
Use the American liver tablets. adv
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18
MORE WAYS THAN ONE FOR
FARMER TO SELL PRODUCE
Local Conditions Should Influence Choice Of How Food
Shall Be Placed on Market-Direct Selling to Con-
sl1mers Not Always Best-Cooperatlon Helps
fspecia Information Service u s. Department Agricultural

ed in the area Immediately surround
ing the market. Such deliveries are
limited, in the main, to country towns
and smaller cities. The automobile
truck undoubtedly is charging this
service, but it probably will be limit
ed to very small portion of the 20
tai producing area of the country and
can not be expected to form an oui-
let for the great bulk of farm crop.
PUBLIC MARKETS PROFITABLE
Public markets afford profitable
outlet for the farm products OF
growers located within hauling dis
lance of many large cities. These
markets may be either municipality
or individually owned. Selling may
be either at wholesale or retail, al
though in many cases both selling
methods are allowed. Customarlly,
the sites consist of an uncovered
tract set aside for this purpose, where
space sufficient for the growers wag-
on is rented at charges ranging from
10 to Is cents a day. The site may
be made more useful by the erection
of sheds or even especially construct
ed market houses. In the latter IN
stance the interior is partioned into
stalls which usually are rented to
regular wholesale or retail dealers
who buy from the producers.
The grower who sells on the pubic
market has the advantage of being
able to ascertain available supplies
and thus arrive at a fair market
price. He secures the advantage OF
competitive buying by a large num-
Der of dealers who are attracted by
the wide variety of products in sub
stantial supply. In certain places
where municipalities have failed to
provide facilities of this character,
the growers themselves have organlz-
ed purchased tracts of land in the
city and developed their own trading
place. Public markets are important
factors in the distribution of farm
products in many eastern States and
although they are not quite so COM
mon in the West, they are constantly
receiving more attention.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18
HELPFUL HINTS AND REAL NEWS
TO AID THE BIG AND
LITTLE FARMER !"
FEATURES OF BETTER
SIRES-BETTER
STOCK CAMPAIGN

The following are the outstand-
ing features of the national cru
SADIE for tie improvement of all
classes of live stock by the use OF
better sires:
Plan simple enough to be easily
followed:
Federal departments chief IN
terest will be to reinforce work OF
States and counties, not to cor
Germ itself with local details.
Departments energies mainly
along educational lines, although
many suggestions of legislation
against scrub sires have been
made.
Plan includes everyone who
keeps any kind Of domestic live
stock, from the boy or girl with
q few chickens to the extensive
ranchman or breeder of live stock.
Scrub pure-bred sires as well as
common scrubs should be elimln-
ated.
Feeding and care fully as i'm
portant as good breeding.
Local agricultural leaders in ev-
cry community to decide whether
campaign shall be intensive OF
conducted slowly.
Department to keep records by
counties and announce results
periodically. States to be FUR
nished with records, which they
may keep as they desire.
Emblems to be furnished keep
ers of pure-bred sires of good
quality in all their classes OF live
stock; an official recognition OF
meritorious effort, but not a guar
antee of the quality of live stock.
Emphasis on the use Of good
pure-bred sires rather than on
ownership.
Individual benefits and more eff
fcient production to be stressed,
rather than increased number of
animals.
Each county to follow its own
idea as to the kind of stock ITS
farmers should keep.
Farmers who do not care to
take part will be asked to let
their children do so.
The plan of campaign interfer-
es in no way with any work in
livestock improvement now be-
ing educated, but makes all the
work more definite and effective
by providing official recognition
for progressive breeders.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18
SUN SET ON SCRUB SIRE
WHEN NATIONAL DRIVE BEGINS
First System Effort Ever Made in Any Country to I'm
prove All Glasses of Live Stock simultaneously by
Use of Only Pure-Bred Males


number and kinds Of live stock he
possesses, and that he declare that
his male breeding animals are pure
bred. 1t is not necessary that he
own the males, but merely that the
sires he uses, by whomsoever owned,
be pure bred.
The great majority of people, per-
haps, have never appreciated the eff
feet of the grading up Of live stock
by the use of pure-bred slres. Very
marked Improvement is to be noted
in the first generation. With some
breeds the offspring of a pure-bred
sire and mongrel dams are, in prac-
teal appearance, like pure-bred ami
mails. A Hereford bull practically
never fails to stamp his progeny with
the characteristic white face of the
breed. Chickens from a standard
bred barred Plymouth Rock cock and
any kind Of mongrel hens are nearly
all Plymouth Rocks in appearance,
and usually when mature they are at
least two pounds heavier than mon
grel individuals.
Weight Can Be, Increased
The external improvement is, per-
haps, not so marked in any other
breeds in the first generation, but the
intrinsic improvement in the two
breeds cited, however, is not merely
in appearance. The department of
Agriculture proves that by the case
of an 800 pound part Jersey cow
bred to q Hereford bull, the calf, at
little over two years old, weighed
1860 pounds-more than twice as
much as the COW. With practically
any breed of horses, cattle, swine,
sheep, goats, or poultry, scrub herd
headed by pure-bred sires for three
generations will show most of the in
dividuals closely resembling pure
bred animals and, for food-produc-
ton purposes, practically as useful.
For many years this country has
contained many thousands of the fin
est specimens of live stock in the
world, but in spite of that fact, the
| quality and productive capacity OF
the average farm herd has remained
low, because the farmers have not
availed themselves of the pure-bred
sires but have used scrub sires. When
the forthcoming crusade begins to
produce maximum results-a few
years from nowhere will be a gen
eral improvement in quantity and
quality of animal products.
The purebred or "high-grade"
COW resulting from wise breeding pro
duces more milk, richer in butter fat,
than the ordinary scrub COW. The
! Department of Agriculture cites an
instance of boy who bought high
grade COW. His father owned five
cows of the kind commonly kept in
that neighborhood in New Jersey.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18
LATEST REPORTS OF
u. S. DEPT. OF
AGRICULTURE

The scrub sire has done more thar
drought OF flood, more than insect
pest, more than rodent and beast Of
prey, to reduce the agricultural
wealth of the United States, to cut
down the money return of the indi-
vidual farmer from his operations.
But the day of the scub sire S
drawing to its dusk.
Preached against for generations,
he is now to be actively crusaded
against in every State, en- every coun-
ty, in every community of the United
States.
1t is the first attempt ever made IN
any large country to improve SIM
ultaneously all classes of farm ami
mails by the use of purc-bred sires of
good quality.
1t is a movement that affects every
man, woman and child in the United
States because it means more food
and better quality of food. Every
body takes a proft--the farmer and
stock raiser because he gets more
pounds of hog or COW or chicken
out of the same quantity of grass and
feed, the consumer because there are
more pounds Of a good meat on the
market than under scrub sire condi-
tons.
1t is crusade in which practically
anyone may join as an active parti-
cipant To be officially enrolled, one
must be a livestock owner-but not
on large scale. The owning of one
animal of breeding age is sufficient.
If male, it must be pure-bred. Ii
a female, it need not be pure bred
but must be bred to a good pure
bred male. Therefore, the person who
owns just one mongrel hen mated
with a quality cock representing a
definite breed is entitled to official
enrolment as a crusader for "Better
Sires-Better Stock"
Opening of Drive October l
The crusade is to begin on the first
day of October this year. A great
many organizations, led by the
United States Department of Agri-
culture, will cooperate in it. Prom
inent among the cooperating organ
izations are the State agricultural
colleges and many associations OF
livestock growers and breeders,
The Department of Agriculture
through its cooperative State agen-
cies, will supply livestock raiser2
with printed information, telling in
popular language of the best animal
breeding methods and the advantages
of using them. An official emblem,
suitable for display, will be furnished
to every farmer who agrees to use
only good, pure-bred sires and to
cooperate in other ways in the better
livestock crusade. 1t is required that
he fill out a simple blank showing the
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18

Use Nazol for colds and catarrh
adv.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18
FREE HERD OF TUBERCULOSIS
Satisfactory Progress in Plan of Erad-
ication Made During First
Year of Work.
prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agrlculture)

prepared by the United States Depart
lnent of Agrlculture)
The tllberculoSiS-free accredited herd
plan, inaugurated in December, 1917,
and worked out in cooperation with
the bureau of animal industry, United
States department of agriculture, was
Slightly changed at the twenty-second
annual meeting of the United States
Live Stock Sanitary association held
at Chicago in December. 1t was agreed
to strike out the word 'purebred" so
as to admit to certification grade
herds in addition to registered cattle.
The annual conference between rep
reSentatives of the United States Live
Stock Sanitary association and the
Purebred Cattle Breeders association
resulted in the further Endorsement of
the tuberculosis eradication campaign
and a recommendation that the work
be extended as rapidly as possible,
The accredited-herd plan is to test
cattle with tuberculin at the request
of the owner, eliminate any reacting
animals either by slaughter or by fol-
lowing prescribed sanitary measures,
repeat the test at prescribed intervals,
and list as tuberculosis-free accredited
herds all herds entitled to that dis
tinction.
Very satisfactory progress has been
made during the first year of the
work, and prospects for the future are
bright. During the year 296 herds,
comprising 1924 cattle, have been
fully accredited" as free from tuber-
cul0sis, and /, 4G2 herds, having 35,052
cattle, passed one successful test in
preparation for certification. In addi-
ton 1922 herds, both purebred and
grade, totaling 9S,002 animals, have
been under supervision for the eradi-
cation of tuberculosis. Each month
additional herds are added to the list.
Use Nazol for colds and catarrh.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18
PASTEURlZED CREAM IS AID
1t Yields More Uniform Article of
Butter and Helps to Improve
Keeping Qualities.

The relation of pasteuriZed cream
to butter is now recognized as fol-
lows: 1t yields a more uniform pro-
duct, aids in producing higher scor-
ing butter, improves its keeping quail
tiles; avoids undesirable fermenta-
tons and gives protection from dis
ease germs; overcomes questionable
odors, increases value of skim milk
and creates a steadier market. The
slight increase in cost of production,
per pound, when butter is made from
pasteurized cream, is more than over
come by the benefits derived from this
process
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18
HEIFERs DROP FIRST CALF
According to Experiment Carried on
at Maryland College Thirty
Months Is Best Age.

About thirty months was found to
be the best age for Ayrshire heifers
to drop their first calf, according to
an experiment carried on at the Mary
land Agricultural college. If the
calves were dropped six months ear
Her, the milk flow was lessened con-
siderably, but If dropped six months
later the decrease was slight. This
will vary for the breeds according to
size; the smaller the breed type. the
shorter the time. Eckles of Minnesota
found that this variation would be
three to five months which would
bring the minimum age for Jerseys
and Guernseys about twenty-five
months and for Holsteins, thirty
months. This is for well-developed
animals.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18

Direct delivery by wagon or motor
truck is practicable only where the
farmer lives within a 25-mile radius
of the consuming center. Hence this
method of marketing affords an out
let only for the commodities produc-
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18

The boys one high-grade COW pro
duced more milk and butter than his
fathers five cows.
The proper breeding of beef ami
mails results in better and more uni
form stock, having greater percent
age of desirable cuts of meat and q
smaller quantity of bone, offal, and
inedible parts. The same is true OF
hogs, sheep, goats, poultry. All OF
these things have been scientifically
worked out by the Department OF
Agriculture, and the effort Is now to
be made to put them in operation on
a nationwide scale.
Until recently, such a crusade
would not have been possible. The
necessary. machinery has been per-
fected within the past few years. In
cludcd in that machinery are the
county agents the farm bureaus, and
even the boys and girls clubs that
have aided so greatly in getting a
foundation of pure blood in great
many communities.
V,;,or, TNl,0 Donl
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18
CLEANLINESS is IMPORTANT
Cows Should Be MIXED In SmaIE-Top
or Covered Pail and All
Utensils Sterilized.

1t is important to keep cows clean
and milk them in clean surroundings.
Milk them in a small-top or covered
pail. All utensils which come into con-
tact with the milk should be thorough
ly stcrilized with steam for at least
five minutes.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-08-18

We sell Goodyear Tires. The Peck
Co.-adv.
Evening star., 1919-08-28
HASTY BREAKFAST
BRINGS FANTNESS
Some Food Facts That
Everybody Ought to
Know.

The food we eat is like the fuel
that is fed to an engine. When
during the forenoon following
hasty breakfast of toast and cof1ee
you feel faint and hungry it is
your body crying out for fuel.
Many people who are under
weight, thin, pale and run down,
are actually starving to death be-
cause they do not get the proper
amount of nourishment from the
food they eat Such people can
gain weight only by taking food
that is easily absorbed by the sys-
tenn, and such a food tonic is
Father Johns Medicine, which has
tremendous food value.
Scientific tests by expert chem
lists prove that Father Johns Med
icine is six times more nourishing
than pure milk and many times
more valuable as flesh building
food than many of the common
articles of diet. Crowded with
nourishment and absolutely free
from dangerous drugs and alcohol,
Father Johns Medicine is recog-
nized as the safest tonic flesh
builder and tonic food for all the
family.
Get a bottle today. take 1t after
meals and at bedtime and you will
find yourself gaining flesh and
strength steadily.
Evening star., 1919-08-28
Urge More Care for Accused.

ADVERTISEMENT.
Evening star., 1919-08-28
Regular 39c
Corset Covers, 29c

Small lot Of Nainsook Corset
Covers. soft finish quality. trim
med with embroidery edging. in
assorted designs. Neatly made
and finished. All sizes.
First Floor-Bargain Table.
Evening star., 1919-08-28
Majority Did Not Occur.

The majority Of the committee. An
drew A. Bruce of Minneapolis. Martin
Conboy of New York and John Hink
ley of Baltimore, declare they could
not concur in the suggestion of Mr.
Gregory that there should be a pro-
vision prohibiting the death penalty
in the case of woman spies"
1T would certainly be inadvisable
unless such a provision were in the
codes of all the nations with whom
we would be likely to be at war" they
said I'VE could not AFFORD to be thus
handicapped We agree thoroughly
that the penalty should not be in
nicted except in the most extreme
cases. but that it should be abolished d
entirely we cannot agree. Experience
has shown that on account of the sex
Evening star., 1919-08-28

lure women are the NEST daHgeroul
\ of all spies, and our chivA1Fy toward
some should not allow us to jeopar-
disc the national cause 9f the lives
| of thousands of the sons OF others.
Oppose Enlisted Man on Courts.
The majority also declined to concur
in recommendations Of the minority that
enlisted men sit on courts-martial and
that special courts be abandoned The
ma ajority report asserted that although
I'VE believe some changes should be
made, we are eatisfied that the errors
which were committed during the re-
cent war and tine excessive penalties
which were no doubt often imposed
were due largely to the ine1perience of
those in control and TO the fact not
only that we had of necessity to train
an officer class overnight for our volun-
teer army, but that our practice in the
past of scattering our Regular Army,
divided into battalions. companies and
even smaller units, over the country
had made 1t impossible to train prop
erly even our West Point officers:
I'VE are thoroughly in accord" the
majority report continued, with the
idea that there should be with each di-
vision. brigade and perhaps regiment
thoroughly trained military lawyer
with the rank perhaps of a lieutenant
Colonel, WHO SNOulQ SSTVS do d
presiding judge or as adviser at all
courts-martial
The members also favored having
a lawyer on courts-martial. saying
that presiding judge-advecates should
be appointed by the President, with
the rank of major or higher. who
should be lawyers Of suitable qualif-
cations.
Urge More Care for Accused.
The majority members report rec
commended that more care should be
taken in obtaining counsel for ac-
cused soldiers.
The majority members Of the COM
mittee also urged that greater efforts
be made to cut down the time taken
in bringing prisoners to trial in order
to lessen their period of confinement
in the guardhouse. I'VE are salts
fed that their associations in the
guardhouse have ruined many
fine soldier" they said.
Judge Bynum and Mr.. Gregory ad-
vocated that the President, within
four years from the time any judg-
ment of a general court-martial and
any final order of a medical. effici-
ency or other retiring board has here
tofore been entered, be empowered to
review. revise, modify and reverse
in whole or in part the finding of any
such court, board or other similar
tribunal"
Evening star., 1919-08-28
CAVELL FATE HELD.
CIVILIZED WARFARE
Huns Execution of Nurse Dis
cussed by Minority at Bar
Association.

BALTIMORE. Md. August 27.-Ex-
ecution by the Germans of Miss Edith
Cavell, the English nurse. which
world, was in accordance with the
laws of Civilized warfare" according
to . minority report of the committee
on military Law of the American Bar
Association, made public here today.
Both majority and minority reports
were prepared by the committee.
which was appointed to investigate
courts-martial and suggest reforms in
military law.
The reference to the case Of Miss
cavell was made by S. S. Gregory of
Chicago, chairman of the committee.
and was concurred in by Judge Will
liam F. Bynum of Greensboro. N. c..
the other minority member. in advo-
eating abolition of the death penalty
for women convicted of infringing
military law. In his report Mr.. Greg
ory said:
Statement on Miss CaveQ.
"A careful consideration of the case
Of Miss Edith Cavell. one of the most
pathetic and appealing victims of the
great war. whose unfortunate fate
has aroused the sympathy and excit-
ed the Indignation of two continents.
has led me to the conclusion that she
was executed in accordance with the
laws and usages of what we are
pleased commonly to refer to as civ
ilized warfare.
This being so. it has seemed to me
quite inconsistent with our condem-
nation of those who thus took her life
to retain in our own system of mill
tary justice those provisions of law
which were relied upon boy the Ger
man military authorities IN ordering
her execution. The mere fact that
her trial was attended by the brutal
ity and duplicity which commonly
marked the exercise of military pow
er by the German command does not
alter this aspect Of the case. This is
not a subject upon which 1 desire to
reason at any length, for it is one as
to which the impulses of the heart
can much better be relied upon than
any sophisticated and artificial rea-
soning.
For US to take any other course, it
seems to me, is to impeach our sin
certify and good faith in criticising
the German authorities in this regard,
and to warrant the suggestion that
such criticism is inspired rather by
the fact that they, our enemies, were
responsible for it, as we'll as sympa-
thy for a good and worthy woman.
than any we'll considered judgment in
the matter"