davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1919-03-23
SAYS ARMY DISCHARGES
REACH 40 PER CENT
Million and q Half Men Still in
Europe-How Rest Are
Distributed.

According to q statement issued by
Maj. Gen. Frank Mcintyre. acting
chief of stan, the United States Army,
which had a strength Of 3,670.sss men
when the armistice was signed No
vember II last. had been decreased
March Is to a strength Of 2.1ss,173,
or 40 per cent On the last named
date the Army was distributed as
follows: In Europe, 1.445,349; in ST.
IBERIA, $3.50; at sea, Sits; in the
United States, 617.1ss. and in insular
possessions, 1888. -
Another statement showing the
progress of rehabilitation up to
March 20 says that 1,476,256 men had
been discharged, including S6,293 Of
dcers resigned or discharged. The
total number ordered DISCHARGED is
1,728, 500 men, of whom 1,314,5OO were
in the United States and 414,OOO over
seas.
During the week ended March IS
55,449 enlisted men were discharged
OF that total 293 were at Camp Hum
ph1eys. Va: ss7 at Camp Meade, Md. !;
Camp Meigs, in this city. the total
discharges to date at Camp Meade are
43,940; at Camp Lee, 42,0S8; at Camp
Meigs, Z, 100, and at Camp Humphreys.
23,67S. Early returns for the week
ended March % show 32,699 dis
charges.
Evening star., 1919-03-23
TESTS SHOW THE VALUE
OF MILK FOR CHILDREN

No more convincing proof Of the
value Of milk in the diet Of children
can probably be found than in the
results Of experiments conducted for
several months by the home demon
stration agent In Manatee county, Fla
She has weighed and measured over
1000 children, and has found that
those weighing and measuring, up
to the standard, or a little above, are
almost without exception receiving
a great deal Of milk The children
much under the standard have been
receiving little or no milk.
Carrying the experiment further un-
derweight children began almost inn
m ediately to show gains when milk
was added to their diet. With such
evidence as to the, value Of milk it Ii
not surprising that Manatee county
has more dairy cows now than q year
ago, and the number is rapidly in
creasing. Tho results Of this expert
ment are being used as ono Of the ar
gusnents in a statewide campaign for
more dairy cows.
Evening star., 1919-03-23
ENGLISH HEAR THE U, S.
WANT HUN U-BOAT MEN


"A sample of some Of the stories
which are being circulated In England
detrimental to tho United States. since
the armistice was signed, is contained
in q letter received in washington
from an Englishman. an officer in one
of the regiments which saw hard
fighting at the front. This English
officer. who was engaged in busin ess
in the United States for a number of
years prior to the war. wrote that his
commanding oficer had told him that
"the Yankees have offered the German
naval officers who commanded Ger
man submarines during the war a
grade higher in rank II they will ac-
cept service with the United States
Navy"
The Englishman who had lived in
the United States denied the story
promptly. but said that his command
ing officer was confident that the re-
port was true. and that other English
men were willing to give itycredence.
Evening star., 1919-03-23
NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR
US. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE

A statement designed to correct i'm
pressions that the emergency cem-
mittee on employment Of soldiers and
sailors was organized to take over the
functions Of the Federal Employment
Service or to create 4 substitute for
Il. has been issued by Arthur Woods,
chairman Of the committee. Tho pur-
pose Of the committee. Mr.. Woods
said, ''is to give the fullest support
to the work OF the Federal Employ
ment Service and to encourage towns
ana cities. through public and, private
contributions. to carry on the bureaus
for returning soldiers and sailors
which the service itself will be unable
to finance until Congress appropriates
the necessary money"
Evening star., 1919-03-23

pare his statistics with those COM
piled IN Canada.
The Recommendation Of the COM
mitfee, soon to be made. must be ap-
proved by Secretary Reddeld be-
cause tho work Of collecting the sta
tistics 70 done by the bureau Of the
domestic commerce., and they must
be approved by Secretary Glass be-
cause the customs Offices, which come
under the Treasury Department. are
the clearance houses through which
the exports and imports pass and
they are. therefore. the basis for the
statistical compilation.
Evening star., 1919-03-23
Upheld by Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court of the United
States has recently passed upon sew
eral cases in which the constitutional
guarantee Of freedom of speech and
the press was made the defense, and
in each case 1t has upheld the YER
dict of the lower courts sentencing
the defendants. The cases in ques-
ton were violations Of the espionage
act. Eugene v. Debs was charged
with delivering q public speech at
tempting to incite disloyalty. mutiny
and refusal Of duty in the military
forces of the United States. Another
case was that of Joseph Frowherk,
publishing the Missouri Stats lei
fung, and other cases were those of
Charles T. Schenck and Elizabeth
Baer, who circulated documents seek
ing to obstruct recruiting.
In the opinion handed down in tho
Schenck case by Justice Holmes the
Following sentence is found: 'The
most stringent protection Of free
speech would not protect a man in
falsely shouting fire in a theater and
causing a panic" In the, Frohwerk
oninion. also handed down by Justice
Holmes, it is held that "the first
amendment, while prohibiting legis-
iation against free speech as such,
cannot have been, and obviously was
not. intended to give immunity for
every possible use Of language"
Evening star., 1919-03-23
publican circles at the moment II that
the suggest
pour;rr cold Water ed confer
on Progressive Plan. .-..s,y.. =.

Chicago, to pick out some presidential
favorites. will probably be abandoned.
Some Of the principal progressives shy.
at it. Senator Borahs opposition to-
the meeting has been announced.~ =
Now Senator Poindexter says -hS+
won't go and It is reported that sey- >
eral other progressive senators who
really feel in favor Of united re~
publican effort deprecate the meeting.
It is said that the object Of the prot
posed meeting was not SO much to ser;
lect q list Of available as to eliminate
some names that were already su&-
gested. and that therein was found
the danger of creating disharmss,S..
Evening star., 1919-03-23
HUNS MUST GIVE
UP THEIR LUMBER
Allies Will Demand It for
Forests Devastated
by Invaders.

Germany will find that France will
insist upon Germany's paying in lum-
ber for the casualties of the French
forests which were destroyed during
the war;" declares P. S. Ridsdale, Sec
retary Of the American Forestry As
socfation. who has just returned from
tour Of the allied countries. Mr..
Ridsdale went to Europe to investi-
gate forest losses in France, Belgium,
Italy and Great Britain, SO the Ameri-
can Forestry Association might de-
termine how America could help to
replace the destroyed forests Of Eu-
rope. By presenting forest seed to the
various governments.
'In Northern France many Of the
forests" he says. "have been so badly
smashed by shell, shrapnel and rife
IRE, or so badly cut for trench tim
bers. fuel wood and other supplies for
the contending armies that they have
been virtually destroyed. They can
be restored only by replanting.
Agricultural Land Destroyed.
The agricultural land lying between
the forests in various sectors of the
DdLLlG nave OcSn 30 torn TO
pieces by shell fire that 1t is no longer
serviceable for agriculture and< like
the devastated forests. will have to be
planted with forest tree seed so that
in years to come the shell holes may
be flied by gradual erosion and the
humus of the soil restored. Then the
replanted forests may be cut down
and the land worked over and re-
stored for agricultural use.
The peace delegates are now hav-
ing prepared data upon the losses in
the French forests, and France means
to insist upon large amount Of cut
ting in the German forests so that she
may be provided with lumber for re-
construction purposes as a part Of the
Indemnity which Germany will be re-
quired, to pay for the damage which
has been inflicted.
ITALY, Belgium and Great Britain
will make similar requests, for they.
too, have suffered forest losses, and
they, too. need lumber in large guam
titles and believe that Germany
should supply 1t to the extent of her
ability" Mr.. Ridsdale expects that the
American Forestry Association. by Sc
curing largo quantities Of forest tree
seed next fall. i'll be able materially
to assist Americas European allie1
in restoring their forests.
Evening star., 1919-03-23
Constitutional Guarantee.

The guarantee of freedom of speech
and press in the Constitution, which has
been claimed frequently as a defense
by offenders against the United States
government, is found in the first amend
rnent to the Constitution ratified in 1871.
1t is contained in the following lam
guage:
Congress shall make no law respect-
ing an establishment OF religion, or pro-
hitting the free exercise thereof. or
abridging the freedom of speech. or OF
the press, or the right Of the people
peaceably to assemble and to petition
the government for a redress OF eriev-
ances."
The guarantee of freedom of speech
and of press in the Constitution. how
ever. does not mean that persons indule.
ing in unbridled speech shall be. in,mune
from punishment, according to the sena-
tors who are framing the bills to deal
with revolutionary propaganda. Senator
+ ing. discussing this matter, pointed
out that freedom Of speech and press
meant rather freedom rom censorship
than the right of unlicensed speech,
Under the constitutional guarantee, he
contended, man may give utterance to
or publish his ideas without their first
agency. But after he has spoken or
published the matter in question he may
be prosecuted If the matter proposes the
overthrow Of the Constitution andS the
government by violence and revolt. He
called attention to the libel laws, under
which the right of free speech is not
curtailed, but under which a man may
be made to pay the penalty for Jibelous
attacks.
Evening star., 1919-03-23

rather than lesser rate of pro-
duction at an earlier date.
obviously a housewife could buy
an oven and bake six loaves of
could be built and provision made
for the needs of an entire city. But
the rate Of production from the
housewives oven could never feed the
city: -
THE ordnance objective was a rate
of production adequate for an army
of 100000 men. We could not
a quicker but lesser rate Of pro-
duction in 1919. We were building to
make ultimate victory absolutely
certain, and there never was a
moment when the. ordnance program
did not absolutely guarantee the
ultimate defeat Of Germany.
Flood Of Munitions Ready.
I'VE stood ready, during the month
the armistice was signed, to turn on
the taps at full force that had been
made ready to provide a flow of
munitions such as no nation had
ever attempted. - -.
THE fact that the American mimi
tions program alone was greater than
that which Germany could attempt
after thirty years Of preparation for
war is apparently little realized in this
country. But / have no doubt that it
realization substantially contributed to
a victory by its reaction upon the minds
Of the military masters of Germany"
In closing. Gen. Williams urges the
retiring officers to retain a conscious
ness Of this problem we have faced
together as they return to civil life.
to keep in mind the realization that as
scientists they control a source Of power
vital to their country in time of war,
and to stand ready to return to your
posts and be an influence to keep your
country prepared for the transition
For Safety in the Future.
"Your labor he says. was no less
for the security OF your country in
the emergency now passing than for
it's safety in the future. For, If we
happily have ended wars by the winning
of this one. your contribution to that
victory has given your country security,
and. II war should hereafter prove un-
you have learned. the knowledge you
have acquired in your labor, should
safeguard the nation against tho dan
ger Of ever again entering upon q great
war without knowing how to shift in
dustrial power quickly to war chan
nels.
with the ability to effect that tran
sition quickly, with adequate provision
for 1t made in advance, should never
fear for, the safety of our country. But
lack Of preparedness in that respect will
ever be our country's greatest weak
ness and gravest danger so long as pos
sibility Of war exists. Avoidance Of
that danger lies largely in the possi-
bility Of continuing a proper contact be-
tween the branch of the military estab-
lishment charged with provision of nu-
nitions and the industrial world. II
that contact is to be maintained, it
must be largely through your interest"
Evening star., 1919-03-23
PLACES ON FARMS
OPEN TO SOLDIERS
War Camp Community Serv-
ice Announces Thousands
Of Opportunities.

Thousands Of jobs are open for SOL
diers who are willing to work on
farms. according to a statement au-
thorized by. the War Camp Commu-
nifty Service. Idaho has sent an ur-
gent wire to the Hall of States, the
headquarters of the organization in
New York, asking that three thousand
men be sent to that state at once to
do road construction work. But in
this employment Idaho soldiers will
be given preference.
Demand in North Carolina.
Three hundred soldier farmers are
needed in North Carolina at once.
Missouri soldiers are asked to return
needed for agricultural service, ac-
cording to letter from Sheldon, one
Of the big farm centers Of that state.
The foreign labor element seems to
be moving away from certain sec
tions Of Missouri. leaving their places
to be filed by Americans. Welcome
home committees are doing much to
bring the soldier and the job to-
gether. Ten '.job canvassers" were
recently appointed by the War Camp
Community Service. Their task is to
drum up work for the returning SOL
diers. and. according to information
given out by the organization. are
succeeding admirably.
II
Oregon Idea Explained
Mayor George l. Baker in . letter
to tho community service said that
the Oregon idea was to get every
employer who hung out a service
nag to take back a man for every
star displayed. Mr.. Baker said
committee had been organized and
fund Of 100000 raised to work with.
During the last three weeks more
than six thousand jobs have been
found for uniformed men," the COM
munity service announced.
Evening star., 1919-03-23
Right Of Self-Protection.

Senator Sterling Of South Dakota be-
lieves that the government is justified
in protecting itself against attack. in
time Of peace as well as In time of war.
He considers this an essential right, and
holds that the guarantee Of free epeech
Evening star., 1919-03-23
Building for Ultimate Victory.

tho happy attainment Of our
objective In the war within nineteen
months gave insufficient time for
the complete development of that
power" he adds. Proper strategy
required the projection of the ord
nance program upon a scale designed
to secure an ultimate, overwhelming
and continuous rate Of production
Evening star., 1919-03-23
BUSINESS AND PUBLIC
IN NEW RELATIONSHIP
Continued from First rase.)


lions and price Axing. These forces
worked through comprehensive agree
ments and cooperation between the
government and industry. Therefore,
It may fairly be stated that the ex-
about by the normal operation Of the
law Of supply and demand. ~"ss.-
Must Wait on Buying.
The normal operation Of the law Of
supply and demand cannot cure what
it did not cause, first, because it can
not operate until buying begins, and,
second. because buying cannot begin
untfl No have q moro normal, stable
and Homogeneous market
Everybody knows that some prices
must fall. No one dares buy until
they do fall, and even then everybody
will wait to see how far they fall.
Individual action in lowering selling
prices is therefore timid, umcientifc
and long drawn out. It cannot render
the market uniform or stable, but, on
the contrary, renders 1t unstable, dan.
Eerous and panicky.
'.The law of supply and demand
would cure the situation eventually,
but can we afford to wait. first. through
q period Of suspicion and uncertainty.
then through a paniclky crash in ali
markets. and then through chaotic re-
adjustment? BY sane and temperate
action all th30 can be avoided and the
law Of supply and demand helped
over The gap between hold-ovef war
prices and q stable level
Some uncertainty results from gov
ernmental accumulation Of facilities
and raw, finished and partly finished
materials, which must be fed very
carefully into tho market This sit
uation requires the cooperation and
advice Of industry.
Evening star., 1919-03-23
Others on Classification Committee


The classification committee ap.
pointed by Secretary Redheld con-
sists, in addition to the above named,
of the following: DR.. j. R Smith. war
Trade Board: w. Steuart, secretary.
the United States Tariff Commission:
E. F. Hartley, chief of the census OF
manufactures; James F. Carroll. dep
uty collector. New York customs
house: Paul Cook. bureau of customs,
Treasury Department: Karl Dc Lait-
tre,, bureau of research, War Trade
tfstfcai division, bureau Of foreign
and domestic commerce
Two important problems were first
tackled by the committee: (1) TO
get . logical arrangement of COM
modfties instead of the old alpha
ice from time immemorial in getting
trade statistics. 1t sought to work
out q classification of related articles
in groups for more convenient use
by Interested parties. (2) Under each
group to add details so as to fill in
gathered and to lop of some that
are no longer needed. although they
" Gro important many years ago. when
the list was originally compiled.
In working upon this second part or
the problem-getting details and de-
Gliding what items should be selected
as Of the most Importance. and this
in itself was a tremendous task in
volving repeated conferences with
represent alive ndustries-attempt was
made to group those commodities be-
longing together for one industry, so
that the grouping was really done ac-
cordinR to Industrial organization.
The committee has been working for
months trying. with the advice of
the industries, to get groups of COM
Inodities that will conform exactly to
the industrial organization. so that
they may be available readily, un-
confused with commodities that are
not related to that industry. and in
O practical, usable form.
: Xhis grouping was considered not
Evening star., 1919-03-23
Drop In Wages Last.

"(b) Al soon as . stable and whole
some scale Of prices is achieved. tho cost
Of living win have 50 Tar been reduced
as to create automatically reductions in
the price. Of labor without interfering
with American standards and ideals for
the treatment and living conditions of
labor, and thus the last inhating element
will have been withdrawn from prices.
It is believed that industry will agree
that the cost Of living must be substan-
tally reduced before labor should be
asked to accept lower wages. and thus
industry should stand the first shock Of
readjustment-
r(c) The assurance to the country Of
a market stabilized At the lowest rea-
sonably expected level will loosen such
. flood of buying for the recreation of
stocks, the making up Of arrears in the
building program. the feeding of needs
long starved by economy and the in
vasion Of world markets as may stand
unprecedented in this country. From
the stable level thus reached by CO.
operation we may expect . healthy and
normal condition created by the COM
plete and unhampered operation OF the
law of supply, and demand. .z,s..s.
Evening star., 1919-03-23

normal operation Of the law Of supply
and demand. but by general. .compre-
hensive cooperation and agreement
between industry and labor. It must
be cured by the same kind Of CO.
operation and agreement-a consum-
nation possible only at the instance
and with the approval Of the govern
ment." --
A. history Of the creation Of the
board then is given. and the state
ment continues with the following
outline of results to be achieved:
"(a) Basic commodities, such as
steel, building materials, textiles and
food. will be considered first and
brought to a stable basis. The gov
ernmental policy. as expressed by the
bill to authorize purchase blythe gov
ernment Of wheat at the guaranteed
price and resale Of 1t at the world
price, is to assist in bringing prices
Of basic commodities to normality by
bringing down the cost Of living. 1t
is hoped that these steps alone will
automatically operate to reduce the
price Of fabricated articles. II they
do not do SO in any particular case
the industry affected win be invited
into conference.
Evening star., 1919-03-23
Oath Proposed for Voters.

other means OF overcoming Cne re0 :
propaganda than legislation making
the circulation Of literature and speeches.
urging the overthrow Of the govern
one of which is to compel by law all
persons entitled to vote to take an
oath to uphold the Constitution OF
the United States. At present there,
is no such general law. Aliens who :
are admitted to citizenship and given
the ballot as a corellary thereto.
must take such an oath, but the ma &"
tive born man or woman in suffrage
states is not compelled to swear al
legiance to the government before
exercising the right OF franchise:
Supporters Of such a plan believe
that the voters would regard their
duty in regard to the Constitution
and form Of government or tho
United States little more seriously
if they were required to swear their
adherence to them: They point out
that all officials Of the government.
elected or appointed. must take an
oath agreeing to support the Consti-
tuition and the government OF the
United States when they enter upon
their duties. Is there any more
required to swear to uphold the gov
ernment than the electors who put
them in office?
Restriction Of immigration for the
ton as a means to check the red
propaganda Many of these propa-
gandists come here from other coun-
tries. urging revolt and violence.
Congress already has enacted law
prohibiting the entrance of anarch-
lists into this country. But it is
difficult to know who arc and who
are not anarchists. A bill practical
ly putting an end to immigration for
the next four years was reported
favorably to the House from the com
mittee on immigration at the last
session of Congress. AS soon as the
new, Congress meets undoubtedly
there will be further agitation for
such q law.