The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-30
SAYS FORD TALKED
JUSTLIKE ANCIENTS
Home Of His Utteranccs Repeat
Those Of 400 B. c., De-
clares Cunning.
HIS IDEAS LIKE SOCRATES
Columbia Professor Of Politi-
cal Science Is Called in
= Libel Suit.

Another expert witness was called TO
the stand to-day In the Ford libel suit
against the Chicago Tyfbame. The new
sociological witness was DR.. William
punning. professor Of political science IN
Columbia University. He will be sue
cssded by Prof F. w. coker Of the chair
e history and political science at Ohio
state University.
Asked what 10 anarchismr' Prof
Dunnins replied:
'Anarchism Ia q theory that society
should exist without government and
without law; a theory that there shall
be no control by one human win over
another human will"
"What Ia an anarchistT'
IAN anarchist Is believer In the sys-
tenn of thought which I have Just stated.
That 10 primarily the definition. There
has come to be recently a special, and
what think is the prevailing definition,
IN ordinary pariance. that an anarchist
n q man who seeks to bring about the
realisation of this theory by violent
means, the abolition of political gov
eminent by violent means That IL the
definition OF anarchist that believe Ia
TIE usual one at this date"
Some Go Back to Antiquity.
Prof. Dunning not only was led to tell
the jury that some OF the Henry Ford
quotations which Prof, Jesse 8. Reeves
Of the University Of Michigan identified
with anarchists utterance. were common
90 many other thinkers. He said that
pofne OF them were commonly taught as
far back at 400 b. c., which was con-
sidsrahly beyond the date Of the word
anarchist.
Further than that no said that MT.
Ford had used q number OF expressions
IN his public utteranccs which put him
entirely outside OF the pale Of orthodox
anarchists One Of these was his belief
IN the Efficiency of q 2 cent stamp. Prof
punnIng declared. Mr.. Ford recon-
mended that the . cent stamp be used In
writing to the Congressman from each
persons district. This, said Mr.. Dun
ming. implied n belief In Government.
and q belief in Government Is something
not recognized by anarchists.
Mr.. Lucking asked him as to Ford's
expression to Edward Marshall that one
trouble with present day people was their
talking about one city, state. nation or
factory as II II was paramont, while
world citizenship, and heterogeneous
Of nations was the thing to preach.
This may be found IN the writings OF
bcientifc anarchists, but not OF the later
anarchists" said the Schoolman. ct can't
raDall II even among academic anarchists.
IL u cosmopolitanism. and Il dates back
90 the Greek philosophers as far as 400
b. c. Diogenes Also had this theory"
Mr.. Lucking quoted The men in au-
thority have wanted more authority. and,
being stupid, have seen no way Of get
ting 1t except by violently seixing It."
This. Prof. Reeves had said, was an
anarchistlc expression. Prof. Dunning
ascribed IL to Aristotle. Mr.. Ford was
quoted In the Marshall article as saying
that the war would wreck his faith In
Providence II It were not for a belief
that really there is no bad In the world,
that humanity can do no worse than
make mistakes.
Says Socrates Taught This.
This, Prof. Dunning said, was taught
BY Socrates long before anarchy was
christened by that name. Philosophers
IN all ages. he said. have taught that
men are essentially good, but have gone
astray through their bad teaching of gov
eminent.
what is the earliest record Of tho
word anarchistT" asked Mr.. Lucking.
''Proudhon applied Il to himself in
the wo ' was used In another sense"
Then Mr.. Lucking' quoted the express
sion which Mr.. Ford said he did not
volunteer. but which John r. Lee said
he did, ITO my mind the word Muir
dsrer' should be embroidered on the
breast Of every soldier"
'T never knew an anarchist to use the
word Embroidered asserted Prof. Dun
ming. 'It must have come from Miss
n
have used that millinery expression"
I He said the Ford expression that the
classes that profit by war are militarists
and money lenders, both Of whom gen.
orally stay out OF danger" was Just as
common to Socialists as to anarchists
He declared that Socialists and an
erchists were as far apart on some
questions as either of them was from
the capltalistA The professor asserted
that he had read all the Advertisements,
articles and interviews with Mr.. Ford
which have figured prominently in the
ease MS bearing on whether he was an
anarchist In 1916.
Can you md In these articles express
sions that are Incompatible with an
archy7" asked Mr.. Lucking. and the wit
ness promptly said. yes"
One. he said. was The people must
stop thinking OF the Government as
bofnetninB Ueyonu tneHl Inc people
are the Government Every stakeholder
in a corporation has a right to know
where. when and why the concerns
money IL being spent Every American
n a stakeholder in his Government"
: Another was. Think. write to your
Congressman, and when the time comes,
vote" These were things an anarchist
would not do. he asserted. Another
question was an Endorsement of the
power Of the ballot Another was: eff
war comes we will all stand behind the
President Of the United States"
klinsensmith IL Attacked.
Mr.. Stevenson opened the day with the
compietion of the cross-examination of
Frank L. Klinsensmith, vice-president
OF the Ford Motor Company, and after a
short series OF questioning announced
his intention OF impeaching the wit.
ness's sredibiiity. To do this he referred
10 Mr.. Klingensmith's formal answer
and subsequent testimony In tho suit OF
Dodge Brothers and others against the
Ford Motor Company In 1877.
= II expect to prove by Mr.. RlinEen-
smith," said Mr.. Stevenson. that he
swore, on two different occasions, to ex-
actly contradictory statements. one OF
which must be true and the other un-
true"
Mr.. Ssevensoil's attack on Mr.. King
ensmith was based on two recorded
statements about this paragraph In the
Dodge bill OF complaint:
That such declaration and future poi-
Soy Of the said Henry Ford as the con-
trolling stakeholder and factor In fxins
the policy for the management OF said
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