davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28
LOOKING BACKWARD

en- an enthusiastic reception.
The United states entertained a
number Of distinguished officials
fyOm abroad during the latter part
OF the year. on Sept. Q Cardina'
MERCER OF Belgium landed at New
York and began a tour of the coun-
try. King Albert and queen Eliza
beth Of Belgium followed the car
dinal. arriving in New York on oct
=. They trayersed the entire cOun-
try and paid an official visit 10
PRIEST Wilson before returning e
Belgium. On Nov. II the prince Of
Wales. who had been in Canada for
several weeks. crossed into the
United States and arrived in Wash
ington for visit Of several days.
ATTEMPTS To
CHECK RADICALS.
The continued activities OF radi-
Gals IN various parts OF the country
caused the federal government TO
take decisive steps 20 end their prop
uganda and on Nov. Z hundreds OF
reds we're arrested By federal agents
against the radical elements was in
tensihed when. on Nov. II, a num-
Der OF men. said to- be I. w. w.
members fired into an armistice
day parade at Centralia, Wash.
killing four ex-soldiers. One Of the
murderers was lynched. The
American legion, which was in ses-
sion at Minneapolis at this time.
voted I'm favor OF taking decisive
steps 20 stamp out disloyal propa-
ganda. The legion effected a per-
manent national organization, nam
ing Franklin D'Olier as national
commander.
During the closing weeks of the
year a determined attack upon the
wartime prohibition act held the
attention of the country. On Oct.
81 Pres't Wilson vetoed the strin-
gent prohibition enforcement bill
passed bv congress on the ground
that the mergency for which the
prohibition law had been enacted
had passed. Congress Immediately
passed the bill over the presidents
veto and it became a law. Attack.
were made upon the prohibition
law in federal courts in all sections
of the country and varying deci-
sions were given. An appeal was
taken 10 the United States supreme
court, where arguments were heard
on Nov. 20, the cases being ad-
vanced in order to secure an early
decision
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE)
posing groups apparently impossible
l L. .-.--..- - Il - -


In the meantime the peace treaty
had beer ratified by the other great
allied nations and by many Of the
smaller nations that had been en-
gagged in the war against Germany.
In France the chamber of deputies
on oct. q, ratified both the peace
treaty and the protective agreement
with Great Britain and the United
states. the vote on the peace treaty
being 572 60 90. The French SEN
ate took similar action on nov IL
without a dissenting vote. ON oct
King Emanuel OF italy ISSUED -
decree approving The German and
Austrian peace treaties on oct
II PRIEST Poincare issued a decree
declaring that the state Of war with
France was at an end. TIE treaty
had previously been ratified D.,
Great Britain and Japan and undel
the terms or the treaty which pro
vided that il should become opera
tive when ratified by three Of the
great powers. b. remained only foi
the peace conference at Paris @,
formally declare the treaty I'm effect
without waiting for further actor
NY the United States.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28
SPORTING
SPORTING


With the return 10 peace great
interest was shown i'm the United
States IN 1919 in sports Of All kinds
In both amateur and professional
fields. in baseball football, boxing
golf tennis and automobile racing
competition was keen
The 5OO-mile automobile race az
the Indianapolis speedway was re
7lved on May b. 1t was won by
Wilcox in a Peugot. Accidents dur
ing the race caused the death OF
three men.
The Western IntercOllege confer
ence field meet was held on June p
and was won 10y the University OF
Michigan.
The first of The important golf
championship matches was held or
June - when Walter Hagen won
the national open championship
on June p Harry Lcgg won tine
western amateur championship
In the puglilistic world the hi-
event OF the year was the battle for
the heavyweight championship sal
Toledo. @. on Iuly between Jes.
Willard. the title holder and Jack
Dempsey Dempsey knocked ou'
Willard i'm the third round
Golf Tournaments.
The grand American handicap
the big event Of the year for trap
shooters. was won at Chicago on
Aug. - bX G w. Lor,mer a. Troy
20.
More important golf tournaments
came I'm August. Davidson Harroa
OF Pittsburg. won the national anna
teur championship on the -3rd and
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28

tativs In congress from Maine. AIay
a., John l. Burnett, representative
ia congress from Alabama. Nay Il.
Jose Santos Zelaya, former president
Of Nicaragua. May 10 Edward pay
son Call. prominent newspaper pub
Usher OF Boston. PHILADELPHIA and
New York: May 20. Carl Chester
Van Dyke. Representative In con-
gress from Minnesota: May 90. Rob
ert Bacon. former secretary OF
state and former ambassador 20
France.
June g. Manuel Franco. president
CT Paraguay. june 6, Frederic W
Thompson. creator Of the New
York Hippodroue and other great
amusement places; June II. John
&c. Spooner. former United states
senator from Wisconsin. june H.
James A. Tawney. former represen-
tative in congress from Minnesota.
June IA. Ernest Lister. governor of
Washington
July o Dr. Anna Howard shaw
former president OF the National
American Woman Suffrage associa-
ton: July s. John Fox. jr author.
July %. J. Willard RacsdaIe. rep
resentative in congress from South
Carolina, July 90 Lavernc w.
Noyes OF Chicago, manufacturer
and philanthropist; July %. Pat
rick Cddahy. packer July % SH
Edward John Joynter. English
painter, president of the Royal aca-
denny.
Aug. L. Oscar Hammerstein. the
atrical and operate producer: Aug
Il. Andrew Carnegie. veteran steel
manufacturer and philanthropist.
Aug. Is. Gen. Louis Botha. premier
Of the Union OF South Africa and
former Boer leader.
Sept 6. Admiral Baron Charles
William Beresford, British naval
commander and critic: Sept e.
James Walker Osborne. famous New
York lawyer; Sept. Q. John Mitchell
labor leader; Sept IS. Joseph 3
Thompson, representative in cor.
gress from oklahoma: Sept q
Theodore P. Shonts. president OF
the marlborough Rapid Transit Co
Of New York and former chairman
Of the Isthmian canal commission
Sept p. Adelina Patti. famous OPP
cratic singer.
Oct. 19. william Waldorf Astor
former American millionaire. who
became a British peer; oct. q. A.
fred T. Ringing head of the ia
nous circus family: oct. %. Sir Er
nest Waterlow. British landscap.
painter. Oct 80. Mrs. Ella Wheelc.
Wilcox. writer; Charles Herman
Steinway, piano manufacturer.
Nov I. Col J. D. Bell, comman
der-in-chief OF the G.. A. r.: Nov
2. Hugo Hasse. head OF German in
dependent socialists: Nov II
Thomas s Martin United States
senator from Virginia.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28
NEUROLOGY

Death took a heavy toll among
the leaders in many fields OF world
activity during 1919. The mos
prominent Of Americans who passed
away during the year was former
Pres't Theodore Roosevelt. who dieC
suddenly at his home at Oyster Bay
on Jan. g.
The following are among the
other prominent men and women
who died during the year:
Jan. !, David Lubin. of California
founder of the International Insti-
tute of Agriculture at Rome: Jan. 4
Count George F. con Hertling, Ger
man chancellor from October. 1917
&c September, 1918; Jan. s. Mai
Gen. j. Franklin Bell. L. s. A: Jan
y, Sir Charles Vyndham. English
actor; Jan. Is, Horace Fletcher, IA
nous as ar advocate of proper food
masticaton: Jan. IA. George r
Sheldon. New York hnancier. Jan
p. George 7. oliver. former United
States senator from Pennsylvania
Jan. 81, Nathaniel c. Goodwin. IA
Feb. 3. Xavier Leroux French
composer Of operas; Maria Theresa
former queen of Bavaria: Feb. II
Sir Wilfried Laurier. former pre-
mier Of Canada; Feb. %. William
p. Borland, representative in con
gress from Missouri; Or. Mary Wal
ker. former army surgeon and noted
as advocate Of male attire for WON
en-; Feb. %, George 2. Edmunds
former United States senator from
Vermont
March ?. Charles r. Van Loan
writer of short stories; March 3
Harvey Helm. member of congres.
from Kentucky; March 4. Henry +
Mallory prominent in development
Of American steamship lines. Marcel
6. Hilary A. Herbert, secretary 0,
the navy in Pres't CIeveland's sec
ond cabinet; March 10. Mrs. Anne
liza Z. Barr author: Edward Fran
els Kearney, president Of the Wa
bash railroad; March "A, Cen. Rog
er A Pryor. famous Confederat,
veteran; March IS, Nathan c
Schaeffer. former president OF Ma
tional Educational associat ton
J March 2s. Henry Martyr Blossom
jr author OF musical comedies.
April 4. Sir william Crookes. IA
nous British chemist and physicist
| April s. John Rogers Hegeman, 70
p years president Of the Metropou
tan Life Insurance Co; April s
/ Frank W. Woolwovth. originator o
the five and ten-cent store; Apri
3. Sidney Drew. comedian: April Is
Jane A. Delano, former superintend
| ent Of army nurse corps. April Is
/ Harlow y. Higginbotham, presiden
OF the worlds Columbian exposition
in Chicago in 1892; April 20. Rich
| ard Wilson Austin. Representative,
| in congress from Tennessee; Apr
q. Jules Vedrines. noted Frehcl
aviator. April %. Elijah Embre
Hoss, bishop OF the Methodist Epis
| copaI church. south: Darius Cobb
| portrait painter: April 2S, ALDER
| Estopinal. representative i'm con
! gress from Louisiana.
| MAY 1, Asher c Kinds. reDresen
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28
LABOR AND INDUS
+ TRIAL

Serious industrial disturbances
were prevalent during the greater
part of the year in all countries
that had been engaged in war In
the United States. as in all other
countries where the cost OF living
had increased sharply. there was a
decided feeling Of unrest. As the
year progressed strikes became
more frequent and in the CLOSING
months satisfactory settlement Of
the disputes between labor and cap
itaI seemed no nearer than at the
beginning Of the year.
The series of great strikes in the
United States was inaugurated on
Jan. . by a walkout Of marine
workers in New York. This strike
was of short duration. however. as
it ended on Jan II, pending an ar.
bitration Of the dispute by the
war labor board. South Amer
lea apparently was affected al
so by new conditions. as grea'
strikes were in progress during Jan.
uary in Argentina and Peru. On
Jan. bloody battles took place be
tween the strikers and government
troops at Buenos Aires. On Jan
p. $4,000 dress and waist makers
mostly young women, IA New York,
struck for a 44-hour week and %
percent advance in wages. On Jar
27 labor unrest throughout Great
Britain assumed serious proper
tions with strikes in numerou:
trades involving approximately 200
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28
DOMESTIC AFFAIRS

The return Of the United States
To a condition of peace was not ac-
eomplished easily Unusual condi-
tions existed and the people of the
country were confronted with prob
lems that had been unknown in the
days before the war. one Of the
most striking developments OF the
year was the startling activity Of the
radical element, which was en-
gagged apparently in well organ
lied effort 20 undermine the gov
eminent and bring about a condi-
tion similar 20 that existing in Rus
STA Entirely aside from the indus
trial disorders. which were unusu
ally numerous during the year. the
activities OF the T. W. w. and other
radical groups forced the govern
ment 10 take unusual measures for
their suppression.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28
AERNAUTICS

AS a result of the great develop
ment Of aviation during the war,
rapid progress was made during the
year in the use Of both dirigibles
and heavier than-air machines for
commercial purposes. Early in the
year It became evident that there
would be great competition among
the larger nations in the develop
ment OF peace time air service. Tho
United States and Great Britain
took the lead in making tests Of
various types of aircraft.
on April u new airplane rec
ord was made by a British army
aviator. who flew from London tc
Paris, a distance Of 215 miles. in
- minutes. o n April IS Major
Macauley, a United States army
aviator. completed a fight from
san Diego, Calf, 70 Jacksonville
Fla. covering the distance at ar
average speed Of 1877 miles an hou
and with four stops. On April II
Capt. r. r. White. in an army
plane. made the first nonstop fiigh
from Chicago to New York. On
April %, all records for enduranc,
lights were broken by a United
states sea plane, which remained IT
the air for more than 90 hours
while travelling at a speed Of sc
miles an hour.
Navy Planes Start.
on May 6, three United States
navy seaplanes started from New
York on the first transatlantic
flight by the way Of Halifax. Nova
Scotia: Trepessay Bay. Eewfound-
land. and the Azores. One OF these
machines. the NC-4 arrived at Lis
bon. Portugal. on May q. havinf
completed the first fight across the
Atlantic in actual flying time of p
hours. 81 minutes from Newfound
land 10 Portugal Fog caused tho
other two planes 10 lose their course
and abandon the fight.
In the meantime, two British
aviators. Harry G. Hawker and
Lieut.. Commander Mackenzie
Gricve. left Newfoundland on MaS
lis in the first attempt 10 cross the
Atlantic withou, stop. Engine trou
/ ole forced them 70 descend $50
miles from Ireland and the aviator.
were picked up by a passing vessel
on May q. Lieut.. Roget e
French aviator. made a NONSTOP
fight from Paris 10 Rabat. Moroc.
co. a distance Of Lie miles. Or
June z. Adit. Casale. a French avia
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28
GENERAL STRIKE
IN SEATTLE.

on Feb. the country was start
led by announcement OF a genera
strike in Seattle. called in supper
Of striking ship builders. Authori
ties announced that this strike
was forced BY the radical labor ele
ment and prompt measures were
taken by Mayor Ole Hanson to sup.
press IL. AS result the strike end
cd on Feb. 10. on Feb. 16 a ma
tion-wide strike Of building trade
workers was !naugurated and o.
March the marine workers il
New York again went out. on Apri
Is a strike OF girl operators TIED
up the telephone service through
out the New England states. but thi.
was ended on April 20 by "a com
promise wage increase.
General strikes i'm Winnipeg and
Toronto in May. accompanied h,
considerable violence. caused con.
Germ in Canada. These strikes ex-
tended TO Calgary and Edmonton
on June the police force of Grea
Britain went on strike and on tn,
same day the transportation work
ers Of Paris quite work On June :
IL was estimated by a Paris news
paper that half a million person.
were on strike in France. mostly il
the metal trades Feeling arouse,
by the striking workers OF Winnipe.
resulted in the adoption on June
10y 1000 veterans OF the war OF
resolutions demanding punishment
for those responsible for the strik,
and for the attempt 10 overthrow
the government
on June II nationwide strik,
OF telegraph operators was ordere,
10 enforce recognition OF the uuior
and for wage Increases. but 10 di,
not seriously affect telegraph ser
vice The American Federation 90
Labor began "a two weeks conven
I ton az Atlantic City on June @. on
June % samuel Compers was re-
| elected resident and on the FOL
lowing gay the federation declare.
/ for a f4-hcur week for an crafts %
well as for aU --uiteu Gates em
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28
|. CRISIS OVER
JENKINS.

The relations between Mexico an
the United States reached a crisi.
on Nov -. when Sec'y Of STATE
Lansing dispatched a note demand
ing the immediate release of VIII
liam O. Jenkins. a United States
consular agent at Puebla, who ha5
been arrested on. charges of con-
plicity with bandits who kidnapped
him and held him for $4,000 ran
som.
Gen. Angeles. who had been pro-
claimed provisional president by
Villa. was captured by Carranza
troops and after trial by court mar
tial. was sentenced TO death. Strong
Efforts were made 10 save Gen.
Angeles, who was regarded as one
of the strong men Of Mexico. but in
spite of appeals from citizens of the
United States and other countries
the sentence was executed by ar
ing squad on Nov. &c.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28

trial disorders. which were unusu
ally numerous during the year. the
activities OF the T. W. w. and other
radical groups forced the govern
ment TO take unusual measures for
their suppression.
PROHIBITION
AMENDMENT.
The putting into effect Of nation
wide prohibition and the submis-
sion by congress Of the constitution
al amendment for complete wom-
ans suffrage were other important
ev ents OF the year. Ratification Of
the national prohibition amendment
came early I'm the year with a rap
idity that surprised the nation. The
Michigan legislature ratified the
amendment. on Jan. and other
states acted rapidly on the measure
during the ensuing month. On Jan
10 Ncbraska's legislature acted, Civ
ing the necessary three-fOurths ma
iority FOR the amendment. on Jan.
% the state department proclaimed
the ratification OF the amendment
and set Jan. 16. 1920 as the date
when il would become effective
on Jan. . Atty. Gen. Gregory ten
dered his resignation. 70 become ef-
fective March 4, and A. Mitchell
Palmer was appointed to succeed
him on Feb. %. On Jan. II Walk
er .. Hines was appointed director
general OF the railroads to succeed
William G. McAdoo. who had ten
dered his resignation.
Radicals Found Guilty
The governments first blow at the
radicals during the year was deliv-
cred on Jan. 8, when Congressman
Victor L. Berger. and four other
socialist leaders were found guilty
by a federal jury in Chicago of con.
spring 10 interfere with the sac.
cessful conduct Of the war on
Feb. is they were sentenced to 30
years Imprisonment .
On Jan % 10 was announced los
the chief OF STAFF of the army that
when the war ended on Nov. IL.
1918. the United States had the sec
oud largest army ON the western
front with 100000 men. France
had 2.95O.OO0 men and the British
lhc4udinE lNe For'usue"e' i.'lN'VVo.
OH eo. 'le war ueI,'I '''lelI re-
P'I'o" 'iia1 amer l0''" SlS'"i'i's li
ho'eie'h RUSSIA 20 ti'e emu OF
January were aug kiiIed our or q
ioFce Shshtiy I'D excess or ''VVV. i'
Vas also ammo ulCeu ~ lhe war ue-
psflmeht on Feo. tnat IN lh'
ihree months loilo"lhE the signing
or the aFnlis'lee' ~ ''oV. AIilefleiiI
troops overseas Iau embarked Io'
nome ana Ii'l i.''''''' men II
ION o1.,,2S 'AN oee" Neiuoo'i'@e'
SlUV,uOu,Vu"
'i'''"
~ po''fe '' 'D "ppt"' '' fIes
jan
1850 D.,l "pp
'
S''f '.'-N 'i"' none
p'P'eS vi '''o 0ei'i'' '''''
pAes
A''e' repeated "elea's' announcer
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28
LABOR CONFER
ENCE FAILS.

on oct an industrial confer
ence called by Pres't Wilson. repre-
sentiug labor, capital and the pub
lie. opened its sessions in Washing
ton, but after Intellectual attempt
to agree upon a proposal to recog-
nize the principle of collective bar
gaining. the labor members with
drew on OCT. % and two days late,
the conference came 10 an end with
out having accomplished any re
suit
On oct. a strike OF longshore-
men in New York city. ordered
without warning and without au.
thority Of their own officials. tied NJ
the harbor and threatened the citys
food supply The strike was called
of five days later.
on oct. 10 bituminous coal min
ers were ordered 20 quit work OF
oct. 81. upon failure Of the miners
and operators 10 agree upon new
schedule of wages and hours. The
leaders Of the miners refused to
consider an appeal by Priest Wilson
calling off the strike. pending ar
effort TO effect compromise and
the government proceeded 10 take
vigorous steps TO prevent the shut
ting of the mines. The department
or justice asked for an injunction
from Federal Judge Anderson at In
dianapolis 70 prevent the leaders o.
the union from directing the strike
The strike began on Nov. I, but or
Nov s Judge ADlerson ordered that
IL be called off by Nov. il. Or
Nov the American Federation O
Labor executive committee pledged
full support to the coal strikers. bu
| officials Of the miners union de-
cided 70 obey the mandate Of III,
| court and on Nov. II cancelled III,
| strike order. The miners. however
refused 20 return 10 work pendinr
| the outcome OF the conference [,
he held by the operators and miners
| at Washington
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28

ployes
on July Is the Building Employ
ers' association OF Chicago. com bat
ing a strike Of building workers.
locked out zoo. 900 employees or
the same day Boston street car en-
ployes went on strike. Chicags
surface ard elevated car men strucl
on July %. but the strike ended
three days later with compromise
wage agreement. Railway shopmen
throughout the country struck OF
Aug. ] for an increase from 68 20
So cents an hour. but the strike wa
called or on August Il when the
shOpmen voted 10 return to work
on Aug. there was inaug7lrateS
one OF the most unusual strikes or
record, a walkout Of actors This
strike spread 10 Chicago and wa
not settled until Sept. s., when the
actors won their strike and return
ed 10 work.
BROTHERHOOD
ASKS FOR ROADS.
on Aug. ? the heads OF the four
brotherhoods OF railroad employees
inaugurated campaign for gov
eminent ownership OF the railroads
proposing that the employees should
receive a share Of the savings that
would be made by economies TO be
instituted and declaring that "the
railroad employees are in no mood
20 brook the return of the lines &c
their former control" On Aug. s
Representatives Of four railroad un-
ions united in a demand upon the
director general Of railroads for ar
increase in wages. asking imme
date adoption for their propose
for government ownership. Pacific
coast railroads were tied up b.
strike on Aug. %. This was not an
thorized by union officials and OF
Aug. % Director Gen. Hines warn
ed the strikers that the government
would operate the roads if they die
not return TO work. The following
day the strikers voted to return.
Police Strike.
On Sept. . the largest part OF the
Boston DOlAtF lOlGt MtlAA tA 81 Inv
after the suspension OF patrOlmen
active in forming n union. Seriou
rioting followed, in which seven per
sons were killed. The striking 20
Iicemen voted on Sept. u 20 return
TO duty after an appeal had beer
made TO them by the president
the American Federation Of Labor
On Sept p steel worker
throughout the country went or
strike. demanding wage increase:
and shorter hours. Many plant
were closed for a short time, but tho
strikers soon weakened and within
few weeks practically norma
conditions were restored In IN
meantime, however it had beer
necessary TO send federal and stat
troops to many points where tho
men were on strike Radical heads
were found to be directing the
strike at Gary and other points II
the Chicago district and promp
steps were taken against the activi
ties Of these men b. federal troop,
under the direction of Gen. Leon
| ard Wood
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-12-28

doctrine. that the Mexican govern
uent has not recognized and viii
not recognize the Monroe doctrine
or any other doctrine that attack
the sovereignty and independence
or Mexico"
y new Revolutionary government
i'm Mexico was proclaimed by tn,
followers of villa, with Gen. Felip,
Angeles as provisional president
Villas forces began an attack upoT
Juarez on June Il and the follow
ing day. after several Americans IL
Fl Paso had been killed or wound
ed by shots across the borders
American troops crossed TO Juare:
and attacked the villa forces Aft
er a battle. In which the Villista,
we're routed with a loss or 40 men
the American troops returned across
the border on June 1e the Car
rama government notified the
United States that It had taken steps
to protect American citizens in tho
state OF Chihuahua.