davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
League Foes Jealous Of
Wigson, Fletcher Says
OF Treaty viii
Bring End OF Al Wars Much
Nearer, He Predicts

crosses that speak of hcroism and
sacrifice, extending from the English
Channel to the Swiss bor&rr, reach out
their arms in mute appeal to the rep
resentatives Of civilized peoples to sec
to it that such slaughter, destruction
and barbarity shall never again blight
the earth," said Senator Fletcher, OF
Florida, speaking in the Senate to-day
in behalf of the league of nations
"The President has pointed the way
for the world. Shal! this Senate turn
its back and refuse its advice and
consent z"
1t is due the dead and manned of
all the Allied armies and the bereaved
of the home population, he said, that
the enlightened nations of the earth
should see to it on the final settlement
Of the terms that provision be made
whereby never again should any auto
crat or military clique be able to "pou1
the sweet milk of concord into hell"
Hoped for agreement
Expressing regret that the Senate
cannot unite, as did those around
the peace table," Senator Fletcher
criticised opponents of the league cove
Hant inclusion in the treaty.
.HeS n.y. oiily oppose tNe league or
nations plan now before u.s." he said
plan. 1t is not worth while to dis
cuss the details Of the plan submitted
so far as they are concerned. 1t
could not be made satisfactory to
them No amendment no reservation
no separate construction, no condi-
ton, could be framed that would cause
it to meet with their favor. They
argue that any covenant with other
nations, any alliance would mean a
certain REIMBURSEMENT OF our sover-
eighty, a sacrifice in some degree of
our independence, and they are un-
willing to allow either.
81 am utterly unable to see any such
danger or find any grounds for OBJ
submitted. There would be, of course,
some right of free and Independent
action surrendered, just as there is
under any contract an individual may
make. The consideration received is
fair exchange, in the one case as in
the other. The covenants of all the
other nations, the ACCOMPLISHMENTS and
yielding Of arbitrarily unrestrained
action on their part are important
considerations. The concessions, which
are mutual for certain definite and
fixed objects, are shared by all for the
good of all. The return Of what is
given up balances the giving"
Pointing to the improvement in ia
cilities for transportation and commu-
nication during the past century, Sen
ator Fletcher said that those who held
the "isolation idea" took mo cogni-
zancc of the progress made in the
sciences and arts and ignore the in
crease nOn11 and r,,
which has brought all the peoples of
the earth into elbow touch"
"The earth has been compressed" he
said. whether we like it or not, we
are involved to some extent in the
fates of others"
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
Council Marks Time
On Bull garian Pact,
With Picllon Away
Absence of French Member
Causes Tlaree-Day Recess:
Delegates Want Assurance
as to Senate's Attitude

PARIS, July 24-To-day was the
third consecutive day on which no
session of the supreme council of the
peace conference was held, the reason
being the absence of Stephen Pichon,
the French Foreign Minister, in Bel
sium, for the Belgium national cele-
bration, and the necessity imposed upon
Premier Clemenceau to be present at
the sessions Of the Chamber Of Depu-
ties.
The council originally expected to
have the peace treaty with Bulgaria
completed before the arrival of the
Bulgarian peace delegation. That dele
cations arrival tomorrow, however,
seems likely to precede the completion
OF the document, and the indications
now are that The Bulgarians will be
kept waiting for some time before the
treaty is delivered. They will be
quartered at Neuilly, suburb of Paris.
Meanwhile the uncertainty that pre-
walls here regarding the American at
titude toward the German, Austrian
and Bulgarian treaties seems to have
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
Cardinal Gibbons for
Just League OF Nations

BALTIMORE, July Cardinal Glib
bons to-day authorized the following
statement with reCard to his attitude
toward the league Of nations:
1T is my firm conviction that after
thorough and honest discussion in both
houses of Congress both parties will
finally arrive at common agreement,
based upon just and sincere league
Of nations that will give US a reason
able guarantee against the horrors of
war IN the future as we'll as we'll
grounded assurance of lasting peace
without in any way impairing American
sovereignty or surrcndering any Amor
lean right, and without involving US in
cntangling alliances.
~ am sure that an carly adoption
OF the league cf nations covenant will
ln1use intense JOY throughout the
United States, without distinction of
party, and will be hailed with satisfac-
ton by the Allied powers of Europe"
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25

been he subject Of much discussion br
the other delegations, which are any;,
ously trying to discover what the Amer.
lean position will be. It was an.
nounced IN Washington on "Wednesday
that the United States would sign tba
treaties with Bulgaria and Turkey
The American delegates are ready IN
proceed on the theory that the IJn;.sd
States will sign the Bulgarian treaty
but the other delegations apparentiv
are deslrous of hearing directly from
President Wilson and of learning more
regarding the attitude of the Senate
In spite Of the opposition of Dr.. Kari
Renner and other Of the Austrian
leaders to the Austrian treaty. il ia
generally believed in conference circles
that 1t will be accepted by Austria. he.
cause OF her need of economic relief
1t Is pointed out that even. if there
We're no American participation in the
Bulgarian and Turkish treaties, the
part of the United States at the peace
conference probably would not be end
ed with the disposition of the German
and Austrian treaties, as state of war
with Hungary still exists, and the con-
ference can scarcely be formally con.
cluded until government exists At
Budapest with which the Allies can
make peace
The four Austrian financial delegates.
Herrem kammiker, Schumacher, Beer
and Prochnick, arrived to-day at ST.
German after conference at Fed
kirch with DR.. Renner, head of the
Austrian peace delegation, and DR.. Otto
Bauer, Austrian Foreign Secretary.
DR.. Josef Schumptcr, it was an
nOunced, Will Join the financial della
gates soon and assist in preparing
reply to the economic and financial
clauses of the Austrian peace treaty.
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
Taft Seeks Htchcock's
Backing of Reservations

- WASHINGTON, July 24.-Former
President Taft, who has written tc
several Republican Senator'S and lend
ers suggesting reservations to the
peace treaty which might be acccpta-
bic to both sides, has opened cor
respondencc on the subject with prom
lnent Democratic Senators. Senator
Hlichcock, Of Nebraska, one of the
leading spokesman for the administra
lon IN the senntc fight, received a
letter to-day from Mr.. Taft.
The former Presidents communicn
ton to the Nebraska Senator was not
made public, but it was understood TO
DO OF the same general tenor as those
sent TO the Republicans suggestions
Tor agreement uDon treaty reservations
or interpretations to facilitate ratifce-
tion.
Wilson Kncw of II
President Wilson'S advisers said to-
day the Prcsident had known for SOW
erai days OF the existence Of the let-
tors of former President Taft suggest
ing r9anIVhtlons on tho peace treaty
some Of the Scnators with whom Mr.
Wilson has conferred recently have
been III communication with Mr. Taft
On the subject of reservations. and it
vas assumed That the torlner Presi-
0eh,B suggestions We've discussed at
solne Of the White House confercnces'
Senator Hitchcock and other admin
ls'ration Senators declared to-day, how
eyer. that for the present at least
they would continue their efforts for
ratification without reservations. Ex
prcsalnG confidence that there was no
question but that the treaty would be
ratified, they said the fight now centred
ca TIE resolution accompanying ratih-
cation in which would be embodied any
rc3ervations or interpretations.
Contendng that Senate rules re-
CURED a vote or each article OF The
treaty, the administration leaders said
they believed they had the votes to de-
feat .nmendments to any section, as a
simple ma ajority only would be required
Conceding that strength might do
velop to compel acceptance of a ratiA-
cation resolution with qualifying
clauses. tho Administration Scnntors
said they had not yet been advised by
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
China Refuses to Sign
" ithout Open Guarantees
NcW York Tribune
rDcciuI CCJle Scrrire

Copyright. 1919 .,cw York Tribune 1nc)
PARIS, July 24.-Uniess Japan gives
definite guarantees to relinauish econ
nomic and political control of Shantung
province the Chinese delegates will not
sign the peace treaty, according to an
influential member Of the Chinese dele
cation. There is no indication that
the Japanese are preparing to make
such concessions, and the situation re-
mains unchanged, although the Japan
csc delegation shows increasing AnYi-
ETY. over the attitude of the American
Senate and are seeking means Of coun.
tiractlng American hostility, and it is
beloved they will make a statement
Of their intentions regarding Shantung
soon.
The opinion is held in some quar-
ters that Japan would help her case
by outlining the verbal promises ro-
gardlng Shantung which were made to
the Council Of Four before the Shan
tung settlement was reached. How
ever, it is learned from reliable au-
thority that these promises were con-
ccrned for the most part with .Tapans
military withdrawal. Japan did not
promise to give UP tnc concession Of
Tsingtau harbor or the former Ger
man holdings in the Shantung railway
and the iron and coal mines.
Moreover Japan did not promise to
rclinquish the right of supervising the
railroad and the police. The Chinese
point out that Japanese control of
Tsingtau harbor with the railway and
mining rights means the political con-
troll Of Shantung
At Japanese headquarters in Paris,
on the other hand, the Japanese show
no intention of going further than
their verbal promises. and it seems un-
likely that any manGuvring on the
part of the Japanese and Chinese dele
cations will bring an agreement as long
as they are deadlockcd on this funda.
mental issue
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
Robinson Says Japan
viii Keep Promises
arkansas Senator Declares Op-
Ponents OF treaty Haze Mis-
represented Shan;ur,g Clause

WASHINGTON, July 24-Dcclaring
the treaty provision giving Japan con-
troll in Shantung had been Repeatedly
mislnterpreted and generally misunder-
Stood" Senator Robinson, Democrat, of
Arkansas, told the Senate to-day it was
unjust to suspect Japap's motives or
to question the declaration of her
statesmen that the territory eventually
would be restored to China.
ut has been stated by one Senator"
said Mr.. Robinson, chat by the treaty
Shantung with its 40,O0OO0O inhabi-
tants Is wrcstcd from China and pre-
sented to Japan. The territory involved
IN this controversy is limited to q small!
land area of approximately 200 square
miles and an equal water area. The
total population Of the leased area is
approximately 165,OOO
Traces German Claims
little dispute arises as to the origin
or Gcrmany's claims in this area. As q
part of the movement Of the nations to
secure concessions in China, Germany
in 1896 undertook negotiations for
rights and privileges in the Kiachan
region: These negotiations were sue
cessful March 6, 1893, Germany con-
c!uded treaty with China by which
she acquired a lease of ninety-nine
years on both sides Of the Bay Of
Kiachau
"That Germany regarded her rights
IN Shantung as subject to seizure bv
the Allied nations at war with her is
disclosed hy her efforts to anticipate
the occupation OF the leased territory.
Japan obtained possession by act of
war and while in possession secured
the agreement Of China to recognize
any settlement that she might make
with Germany upon the restoration of
peace.
Japanese statesmen have repeated
~ reatirmed .he purpose to return the
ceded territory to China as soon as it
can be accomplished in accordance
with the agreement between China and
Japan. No beneficial effect can result
If We assume that Japan is actin. in
bad faith. China can better afford to
rely on her treaty rights for n return
Of the territory than to herself breach
that treaty and thus provoke Japan
to INSIST upon her claim acquired from
germany through couuuest. for chat
involves no obligation to restore the
territory before expiration Of the lease.
Fear Forces Treatics
at is said China was induced bv
fear of war with Japan to enter into
The treaty Of lnl5, agreeing to what
ever arrangements Japan might mako
"'th Gcrmary. But every commercial
treaty or Importance now IN force be-
tween China and European nations is
the result Of war or somc other form
or duresa II we 20 back into history
aHd 'nvaiidntc every treaty into which
oNHess has entered chaos in interna
iio7ai relations Will result.
Senators have cNpressod indirna-
ton ~ tho agf"sn'cEt of Grcnt Britain
Japan in her demands at the nrace
conference. Perhaps tho Same crit
cClams apply equally to the notion OF the
United StAtcs following these agree
monts In recognizing tho special in
terests OF japan in China. 1t IL said
they wcro all made primarily to en-
tcourngo Japan to increased activities
IN the war. Tho crisis ob.thc war was
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25

planned to make use of the Aland Isl
ands in connection with their opera
tions in Finland. Sweden sent troops
to occupy the islands.
After the peace conference opened
IN Paris a delegation from the Aland
Islands presented former Premier Or
lando of Italy with a claim for annex
alton to Finland, based on historic,
linguistic. geographic and commercial
grounds.
The Swedish government. on June
20, 1919, sent note to Finland in re-
ply to one from that government, and
in its note Sweden insisted that the
future of the Aland Islands should be
settled by a plebiscite and said that
as an alternative the question would
be submitted to the peace conference
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25

President Wilson whether he would be
disposed to accept any interpretations.
1t was said, however, that the Admin
istration would oppose to the last any
qualifying clauses which would require
renegotiation of the treaty.
President Wilson had no engage
ments to-day with Republican Sena-
tors for discussion Of the treaty and
the league covenant. Senators visit
ing the White House yesterday were
the last or the list Of fifteen selected
by the President, but it was said that
invitations to other Senators would go
forward, as Mr.. Wilson desired to con-
fer with as many OF them as possible
before starting on his speaking tour.
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
Allies Plan to Make
Aland Islands Neutral
Baltic Commissions Report
Fails TO Assign Group Either
to Finland or Sweden

PARIS, July 24--The Baltic Com
mission of the peace conference pre-
scented a report to-day recommending
that the Aland Islands, between Swe-
den and Finland at the mouth of the
Gulf of Rothnia, be neutralized under
the guarantee of the league of nations.
The Aland Islands form an archi-
pelago of eighty inhabited islands and
vast number Of rocks and islets. The
population is about 10000 The islands
formerly were held by Sweden, but
were taken over BY Russia in 1903.
Early in 1918, when the warfare be-
tween the White Guards and Bolshe-
vik forces became active in Finland
and it was reported the Germans
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
lloyd George Refused
To accept Peerage

I ONDON, July 24.-King George is
eager to bestow an honor on Pre-
mier David Lloyd George in recogni-
tion Of his services in the war and at
the peace conference, and the form
the honor is to take is being dis
cussed in court circles, says "The
Mirror"
The Premier would not accept n
peerage, the newspaper asserts, while
knighthood Of the Garter, which is
the highest honor in the sovereign's
gift, is practically confined to peers,
although an exception was made in
the case of Sir Edward Grey in 1912
"Tle Mirror suggests that some
special honor may be created.
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
Kafo Tells Japan 1t
Needs Bigger Macy

TNOKIO, July "a (By The Associated
IL Press) ).-Viscount Takaaki Kato,
member of the House Of Peers and
former Foreign Minister. addressing
a meeting of the Kensi-Kai, or Oppo-
siton party, at Osaka, expressed
doubt whether the league of nations
would restrict ornaments, and said
he believed that expansion of the
japanese navy was necessary to the
interests Of the empire.
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25

approaching, if not at hand. The AL
lies were straining every resource to
beat back the ever increasing forces
of the enemy.
II believed thcn, and Istill believe
that the policy by which Japan was
cemcnted to the Allies was both just
and wise. The influences now at work
to cause China to hold out do not ap-
pear calculated to result in benefit to
either China or this countrY.'
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
Won't Be Drysnsnsed O,ft of
LP0gtp, Saws sNoufreeyS Ssnr

Special Correspondence
OTTAWA, July 24.-Most assuredlv
the British overseas dominions will NOT
consent to be drummcd out of the learue
of nations at Mr.. Taft's suggestion.
The above is the outstanding feature
in half column editorial of "Thc Mont
real STAR tonight relative to the Taft
treaty reservation suggestions. Cana
dian papers publish extended accounts
but there is little editorial comment
so far.
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
Urges Early Ratification

Baron D'Estourncles de Constant,
a member of the French Senate, en-
tered strong plea for early ratifca-
ton of the peace treaty.
81 will vote for the treaty as it is"
said he ave will amend it afterward
More mutual good will, more than its
text, is sure to be the real instrument
to organize a durable league OF ma
tions."
After saying the spirit in which the
treaty is applied is far more impor-
tant than its actual working, Baron de
C0HetAnt continued:
thc governments who have
signed it really want peace they can
use the treaty, imperfect as it is,
as compromise mach more effective
and durable than the most strict but
insinccre obligation.
Justice and Liberty Wanted
What the people everywhere want
now IS the new spirit of justice and
liberty to take the place of the an
cient traditions OF violence and dom
ination. What they want is to keep
alive forever, to develop and fortity
among free nations, the feeling which
made their victory possible against
autocracy. What they want is TO keep
alive the Franco american entente,
the Franco o-Ang American entente,
the FrancoAnglo -Itale--American en-
tcntc and SO on. What they want is
an international organized action ac-
cording to these feelings and TO this
entente"
Baron de Constant warned against
"the aarmists who are satisfied to
pretend that the feelings between
France and the United States have
changed since the war is finished and
that this change is the beginning Of
the end of the Franco American En-
tcnta."
Such statements. he said, "are not
only lie but a complete misunder-
standing Of most natural situation" ,"
and added that he was returning to
France more confident than ever of
the solidity of the everlasting union
of the two great sister republics"
Shantung Settlement Defended
Lindlay Russell delivered an ad-
dress defending the Shantung settle
ment:
Japan" he said, "does not seek to
control Shantung, either territorally
or Enthusiastically. 1t is 500 miles
from Japan and would prove cost
ly burden. If Japan sought to annex
Chinese territory the logical place is
Manchuria, in proximity to Corea and
already prosperous through japanese
enterprise.
"That the 40 1000 900 Chinese in Shan
tung will be enslaved, as predicted by
Senator Lodge, or derive other than
material benefit from Japanese enter
prise is contrary to experience else
where in China's contact with foreign
activities"
Ray Stannard Baker also spoke.
James W. Gerard presided.
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25

impair or jeopardize in the slightest
degree the complete ratification Of the
treaty by the Senate"
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25
League to Enforce Peace Is
in Favor Of Treaty as 1t
Stands, the Council of
Foreign Relations Hears
Early Ratification Urged
Baron de Constant, French
Senator, Says He Will
Vote for Unchanged Pact

The reservations to the league of
nations set forth by William H. Taft
were deplored last night by Oscar S.
Straus in his address before the meet
ing of the Council of Foreign Rela-
tions in the Metropolitan Club.
Mr.. Straus asserted the League to
Enforce Peace, in which Mr.. Taft has
played leading part, is behind the
entire peace treaty as it stands.
Il am opposed, the speaker said, to
reservations that amount to amend
ments and which require submission
to the Peace Conference. The Leagu
to Enforc Peace is opposed to such
reservations. We believe that as it
stands, the League conserves American
rights.
9Th United States is not conceding
more than any other leading power
They ask nothing more Of us than we
ask of them as the covenant is based
on mutual concessions, it is meant to
be lasting. 1t would be a shame for
our country to disrupt it and lose the
opportunity of reconstructng the
New-York tribune., 1919-07-25

MS back of the French treaty as
Cub, Senator Moses pointed out that
the committee of the French Chamber
Of Deputies, corresponding to the Sen
ate Foreign Relations Committee. re-
Gently aad reported cut an amendment
10 the league covenant providing for
general military staff for the league,
which should have it's headquarters in
Paris, and which should direct the
movements Of any armed forces raised
by the league to carry eut any orders
Of the council.
The author Of this amendment, Leon
Bourgeois, was the French representa-
tive on the commission which cons i'd
cred the League of Nations covenant,
and he advocated all through it's meet
ings that such an amendment be
adopted
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1919-06-12
teachers Institute.

The Jackson County Teachers
Annual Institute will begin Mon
day July. 7th, and continue one
week. The law requires teach
ers to attend the full term.
If you expect to teach you
must attend the full term of
this institute or a similar insti-
tute in another county, or one
of the six weeks summer schools
in the state. If you attend an
institute in another county or
one of the summer schools you
must bring notification from the
institute or summer SCHOOL, sign
ed by the proper authority. This
is in keeping with the law.
Every wiGe-a-wake teacher
that wants to give value re-
ceived for the money they get
for teaching, should be anxious
to attend an institute or summer
school.
| hope, and expect to see Il e
teachers of Jackson county at
tend in full force, and make the
the institute a record breaker.
The County Board of Educa-
ton will meet again on Satur.
day, July 5th, to finish selecting
teachers.
The Compulsory School law
has teeth. The truant officer
acts as sheriff, and any Justice
of the Peace is competent to
try the case. Under the old law,
| the chairman of the county court
was the only man that could try
the case. All fines are the same.
All children from Z to 16 years
old are required to attend full
term,
Most respectfully,
w. L. Dixon, Co. Supt.