davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-06-29

american army was four machine guns
per regiment. The present army plans
provide for an equipment of 1856 ma
chlne guns per regiment, or eighty
TOUR times as many. During the war
the Browning automatic rifle and the
Browning machine gun were developed,
put lnto quantity production and used
IN large numbers in the final battles
IN france. The Browning machine guns
are believed to be more effective than
the corresponding weapons used in anv
other army
men war was declared the United
States had sufficient, light artillery to
equip, an army of 100000 men, and
shortly found itself confronted with
tne Lroblem of preparing to equip
o,o0o,oO0. men. To meet the situation,
1t was decided in June, 1917, to allot
our guns to training purposes and to
eSquio our forces in France with arti
1ery conforming to the French ana
British standard calibres 1t was ar
ranged that we should purchase fron,
the French and British the artillery
needed for our first divisions and shin
them III return equivalent amounts Of
steel, copper ad other raw materials
so that they could either manufacture
guns for us in their own factories or
give us guns out of their stocks and re-
materials.
Up to the end of April, 1919, tho
number of complete artillery units
produced in American plants was moro
than 5000, or equal to all those pur
chased from the French and British
during the war. The number Of rounds
OF complete artillery ammunition pre-
duced IN American plants was in ex-
cess of 20,000,000, as compared with
100000 rounds secured from the
French and British. In the first twen-
ty months after the declaration of war
by each country, the British did bet
ter than we did in the production of
lleht artillery, and we excelled them in
producing heavy artillery and both
llght and heavy ammunition.
Fought With U. S. Powder
SO far as the Allies were concerne1
the European war was, in large meas
ure. fought with American powder and
nigh explosives. At the end of the war
American production of smokeless DOW
der was as per cent greater than the
FRENCH and British production com
blned At the end of the war the Amer
lcan production of high explosives was
4o per cent greater than Great Brit
ans and nearly double that of France
Durlng the war America produced TO-
600 tons of gas. much Of which was
sold to the French and British.
Out of every hundred days that our
combat divisions were in line in France
they were supported by their own ar
tillerv for seventy-five days, by British
ertillery for five days and by French
for. one and half days. Of the re-
naming eighteen and half days that
they were in line without artillery
eighteen days were in quiet sectors.
and only one-half of one day in each
hundred was in active sectors. In
round numbers, we had in Franc
5000 pieces of artillery, of which near
ly 800 were made in America, and we
used on the firing line $3.50 pieces. of
which over 100 were made in America.
The chapter on airplanes, motors and
New-York tribune., 1919-06-29

States raised twice as many men as
did the Northern States in the Civil
War, but only half as many in proper
ton to the population. In this war
the recruiting cost was one twentieth
of that in the Civil War.
The British sent more men to France
in their first year of war than America
land three years to reach strength
OF 100000 men in France, while the
United States accomplished it in one
half Of that time.
Of every 100 men who served in the
American army ten were National
Guardsmen; thirteen were regulars
and seventY-seven were in the National
Army, or would have been if the serv-
ices had not been consolidated.
In the physical examinations the
States of the Middle West made the
best showing. Country boys did better
than city boys, whites better than
negroes and native born better than
foreign born. In this connection Colo
mel Ayres says:
Country Boys Lead
able that 100000 country boys would
furnish for the military service 4,790
more soldiers than would an equal
number of city boys. Similarly, 1OO,-
900 whites would furnish 1,24O more
soldiers than would an equal number
Of colored. Finally, 100000 native
born would yield $500 more soldiers
than would a like number of foreign
born. The Importance of these differ
ences may be appreciated by noting
that $500 men is equivalent to an in
fantry regiment at full war strength.
Regarding officers, he says:
about 100000 commissioned officers
were required for the army. OF this
number, less than 5000 we're in the
Federal service at the beginning of
the war. Of these, 5,7o1 were regu-
lars and 3,199 were officers Of the Ma
tional Guard in the Federal service.
Diagram 6 shows with approximate ac-
curacy the sources of the commits
stoned strength of the army.
"The figures show that of every six
officers one had had previous military
training in the Regular Army. the Ma
tional Guard, or the ranks. Three re-
ceived the training for their commits
sions in the officers training camps.
The other two went from civilian life
into the army with little or no military
training. In this last group the major
lty were physicians, a few of them
were ministers, and most of the rest
were men OF special business or tech
nical equipment, who were taken into
the supply services or staff corpsp
The average American soldier who
fought in France had six months of
training in the United States, two
months overseas before entering the
line and one month in a quiet sector
Of the front before going into battle.
Most Of the soldiers received their
training in infohtry divisions, which
are the typical American combat units
and consist Of about 1000 officers and
$4,000 men. Fcrty-two divisions in all
we're sent to France. Two-thirds of
the line officers got their training in
the officers training camps in the
United States.
One chapter is devoted to the trans
New-York tribune., 1919-06-29
The Worlds Fiye-Year STRUGGLE With the Hun
me 28 1914 %%S%K%z % @ @ % June 28, 1919 s%y
so Important Dates of the War


July cellar Serbia
August Germany declared Russia and invaded Luxembourg
August 81 Germany declared war on France
President Wilson proclaimed neutrality of the United States
August aeetd off Helgoland
6Batt of the Marine began lasting five days Germans
December 24-Geman arplancs made first raid on England
February 1sAd
Ypres poison
. gas for first time in history Of warfare
May 2Rusians
May -cunard liner Lutania 1854
lasting
His losses heavy and gains small
May 81 British navy n O.
July ALLIES attacked
beginning
February 3-uned States diplomatic relations with
March Revolution Russia
pfS" %p5 sa ss Ssd 9 "ss'ns @ % Gmsns ns ss'"
May May. n drive Began on n1o 'front.'
October 241taan eaten the Battle
November .neshsviAi oysrthrsw kersnsty
Battle cambri failed
December United Hungary.
March
broken temporarily near Cambria
May 7German Allies of
reached the
the Marne
Perhng Mhel
ep line.
sued for
ians or
INovem Aust ria
November tookS began
Novemb 9-Ka
Novemb d-German the
Novem Charles bdicatcd
December -Armes of hc the
14Fomal
June Pea treaty signed at Paris.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-29

poration of the troops overseas. Half
a million of the force of more than
100000 men which the United States
sent to Europe went over in the first
thirteen months OF Americans partici-
patton in the war and 100000 in the
last six months.
Most of the troops embarked at the
port of New Yordk. About half of
them landed in England and the other
half in France. Out Of every 100
Americans who went over 49 went in
British ships, as in American ships,
in Italian ships, in French ships
and l in Russian shipping under
British control.
plete trip every thirty-five days and
the cargo ships one complete trip every
seventy days. The cargo fleet was
almost exclusively American. 1t
reached maximum size of 2,60O,0OO
deadweight tons and carried to Europe
about 100000 tons Of cargo
The greatest troop carrier among all
the ships has been the Leviathan
which landed 10000 men, or the equiva-
lent of a German division, in France
every month. The fastest transports
have been the Great Northern and the
Northern Pacific, which have made
complete turnarounds, taken on new
troops and started back again in
nineteen days.
Interesting Chapter
There is an interesting chapter on
food, clothing and equipment. The
problems Of feeding and clothing the
army were difficult, it is pointed out
because of the immense quantities in
volved rather than because of the diff
Guilty of manufacturing the articles
needed. The requirements for some
kinds of clothing for the army were
more than twice as great as the total
pre-War American production of the
SAME articles. The government had
therefore, to commander all the wool
and some other staple articles in the
United States and control production
in all its stages.
The distribution Of supplies in the
expeditlonary forces required the crea-
ton of the Service of Supply, to which
one-fourth of all the troops who went
overseas were assigned. The army in
France always had enough food and
clothing.
American engineers built in France
eighty-three new ship bcrths, 1000
miles of standard gauge railroad track
and 5SS miles of narrow gauge track
The Signal Corps strung loo 200 mi!os
of telephone and telegraph wire. Con-
struction projects in the United States
cost twice as much as the Panama
Canal and construction overseas was
on nearly as large a scale.
The total production of Springfield
and Enfield rifles up to the signing of
the armistice WIS over 100000. The
production of rifle ammunition amount
ed to over 3,50O,O00,000 rounds, of
which ,500,000,000 we're shipped over
seas.
Machine Guns Increased
The number of American machine
guns produced to the end of 1918 was
$4,000. In 1912 the allowance in the
New-York tribune., 1919-06-29
The Part Played by the United States I'm the Great War

WASHINGTON, June 28-The ef-
forts made and the results achieved
by the United States in the war are
presented in graphic form in book
let just issued by the War Department
under the title, "The War With Ger
many-A Statistical Summary" The
booklet, which is illustrated with nu-
pared by Colonel Leonard P. Ayres, of
the General Staff, under instructions
from Secretary Baker.
The total cost of the war to the
United States, it is shown, was S21.-
850.000,000 up to April 80, 1919, or
more than S1,000OOO an hour. Of this
amount s13,93o, 100000 is charged to
the army.
At the time Of her greatest military
strength America had 4,S00,000 men un-
der arms in the army, navy and marine
corps. The army alone attained a
maximum strength of 100000 The
2,0S6,000, and those who saw actual
fighting IN France were 100000. The
total registration for the draft was
24,234,0Z1 and the total draft induc-
tions were 2,8lO,296. The greatest num-
Der inducted in one month was 100000.
The shipment of 100000 men to Eu-
rope in single month represented the
highest achievement of the ocean
transport service. This record has
been surpassed in bringing the troops
home, $4,000 having been returned in
a month.
The American troops fought in thir-
teen battles, by far the most important
of which was the Argonne- -Meuse
struggle, which lasted forty-s seven days
and IN which 100000 were engaged.
Our casualties were 10000, or 10 per
cent of those who took part in the
fight.
In the war with Germany the United
New-York tribune., 1919-06-29

balloons shows that the United States.
starting with an equipment of fifty-five
training planes, all but four of which
were classed as obsolete, developed ar
air fighting force of forty-five SQUAD
rons, with an equipment of 740 planes.
The total personnel of the air service
increased from 1900 at the outbreak
of the war to 100000 at it's close.
The De Haviland=4 observation end
day bombing plane was the only plane
the United States put into quantity
product1on; BE Before the signing of the
armstice, 1927 of these~had been com
pleted and 1885 shipped overseas. The
production of the 12-cylinder Liberty
engine was Americas chief contribu-
tion to aviation, however. Before the
armistice, 1854 of these engines had
been completed, 4,435 shipped to the
expeditionary forces and l,025 deliv-
cred to the Allies.
American air squadrons played in
nortant roles in the battles of Chateau
Thlerry, St. Mihiel and the Meuse- Ar
gonne. They brought down in comba-
755 enemy planes, while their own
losses OF planes numbered only 357.
In the chapter on "Two Hundred
Days of Battle" it is stated that two
out of every three American soldier:
who reached France took part in battle.
From the middle of August, 1918, unit,
the end of the war, the American Iii
visions held during the greater part
of the time a front longer than that
held by the British. In October they
held 1O1 miles Of line, or % per cent
Of the entire Western front.
On April the Germans had q su-
periority of 324,00O in rifle strength
In June, however, on account of the
American arrivals, the Allied strength
exceeded that of the Germans, and in
November was more than 100000
above it.
In the battle of St. Mhiel $4,000
Americans were engaged, as compar red
New-York tribune., 1919-06-29

| with about 100000 on the Northern
side in the Battle of Gettysburg. The
artillery fired more than 100000
shells in four hours, which is the mos.
intense concentration Of artillery fire
recorded in history.
The closing chapters are devoted to
health and casualties and the financial
cost Of the war.
Two Lost in Each 100
Of every 100 American soldiers and
killed or died Of disease. The total
deaths of all nations were greater than
all the deaths in all the wars in +i,c
previous 100 years. The number of
American lives lost was 1922. 800, OF
which about 10, 900 were in the navy
In the American army the casualty
rate in the infantry was higher than
that IN any other service, and that for
officers was higher than that for en-
tie, seven were wounded. Pneumonia
killed more soldiers than were killed
IN battle. Meningitis was the next
most serious disease.
The money expended by the United
State; IN the war was sufficient to hav.
carried on the Revolutionary War con-
tinua'ly for more than 1000 wears at
the rate of expenditure which that war
actually involved. Although the army
expenditures were less than two thirds
OF our total war costs, they were near! :,
equal to the value of all the gold pro-
duced in the world, from the discover ,
OF America up to the outbreak of the
European war.
The total war costs of all nations
were about s1s6,ooo, ,ooo,o 900, of which
the Allies and the United States spent
two-thirds and the enemy one-third
The United States spent about one
eighth of the entire cost of the war
and something less than one-ffth of
the expenditures of the Allied side.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-29

CAU the diagrams this page from the
summary issued By the War Depo7'tment.)
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-06-17
OLD BRIDGE

A son was born to Mr.. and Mrs.
Henry Wellman, of South Old Bridge,
Thursday.
A strawberry festival will be held
at Crandall's lawn Saturday evening
for the benefit of the baseball team.
Strawberries, ice cream and cake will
be on sale.
The supper given for the boys who
have been and are still in service was
not as largely attended as was ex-
pected as only thirty-two boys and
three Grand Army men attended
while forty or more were expected.
Surrogate Clayton. of New Bruins
wick. after the supper, gave an inter-
esting address. Messrs. Reynolds and
Hayes, of New York. were the enter
tanners. Private Rayfield Z~winglass.
of a hospital in Washington. D.. c.,
gave a short talk of his experiences
over there. Private Zwinglass is
seventeen years old and has been
overseas for over a year and q half.
He lost a leg in a big battle.
Supply Sergeant J.. Ceary, of Camp
Dix, spent the weekend with DR.. n
Mrs. /. G.. Crandall.
The Maroon Bus Line started Mon
day, making the stops of New Bruns-
wick, South River. Tanners Corner.
Old Bridge. Spotswood. Helmetta,
Jamesburg.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-06-17
CHURCH FETE
FOR HELMETTA
st. Georges Will Have ceIe-
bration Tomorrow Night
Select Committee
IN specfaI Corrospordent.

By Special Correspondent.
HELMETTA, June 17:-The twen-
ty-fourth anniversary of st. Georges
Memorial Episcopal church will be
observed tomorrow night There will
be moving pictures in the club hall,
lots of good things to eat and other
attractions. including sale of fancy
articles of a high grade. Topping this
all off will be a big dance in the club
hall.
The committees who viii manage
the affair are:
Table committees: Mrs. Clinton
Clemons. chairman; Mrs. Chester A.
Burt, Mrs. Walter Helme, Mrs. Al
bert Schuyler. Mrs. William Clinton,
Miss Ruth Clemens, Miss Jennie
Ericsson, Miss Elsie Gertrude Weide-
man, Miss Bessie Bolin, Miss Mabel
James. Lillian Lindstedt, Miss Sarah
Allen.
Food committees: Mrs. Isaac Rich
ards, chairman; Mrs. Oscar Ericsson,
Jolly, Mrs. Luther Perrine, Mrs.
James Deming, Mrs. Douglas McDer-
mott, Mrs. Charles Eler. Mrs. Thomas
Mount, Mrs. Cornelius Stonaker, Mrs.
John Rothhar, Mrs. John Lindstedt,
Mrs. William Colburn, Mrs. Albert
Green.
Fancy table: Mrs. John Dey. chair
man; Miss Bessie Kienzle, Mrs. Her.
bert Richards.
Candy table: Mrs. Ralph Richards.
chairman; Miss Rachel Kienzle, Miss
Ruth Phillips.
Fishing pond: Miss Esther Phil
lips, chairman; Miss Winifred Lind
stedt, Miss Laura Perrine.
Treasurer, Mrs. Clinton M. Glenn
ons.
The affair will be under the aus
pieces of the Guild Society of the
church and they are working to
make this the biggest festival in the
church history
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-06-17
HELPED HER LITTLE GIRL

Children need all their strength Tor
growing. A lingering cold weakens
them so that the system is open to
Amanda Flint, Route 4. New Philadel-
phia, o.. writes: "Foley's Honey and
Tar cured my little girl of the worst
tickling cough. / had tried many
things and found nothing to help UNI
till got Foley's Honey and Tar" Gives
immediate relief from distressing.
racking. tearing coughs: soothes and
heals. Good for colds, Group and
whooping-cough. Sold Everywhere.
ADV.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-01-28
C0NMAY's ELIGIBILITY
FOR JOB QUESTIONED
Manager OF City Employment Bureau
Alleged Not to BE Voter
Here.
nay HAVE TO GIVE IT UP
City Officers Required to BE Citizens
Of Richmond-Statc Constitution
Says Such Must Have Resided IN
Virginia Two Years.

Ihat Il. j Conway. recently appoint
{" manager of the City Employment
bureau. may not be able to hold this
office was one of the reports in cir
culaiion around the City Hall yes,cr-
day.
Mr.. Conway was named by Major T.
I. Levy. Director of Public Welfare to
che position a few days ago, being
selected from seventeen applicants
who were given thorough examine
Of The office
IL Is claimed that Mr.. Conway is not
entitled to vote in Richmond, and that
under the law he cannot hold a city
office unless he is 4 qualified elector.
OF course. this is Il legal proposition.
out lawyer who is a member of the
city government stated yesterday that
was no doubt bu. that MIR. Conway
was disqualified to hold the Office to
which h" had been appointed.
The Constitution Of Virginia requires
a residence OF two years before 4 man
can become a voter in the State. I; is
said that Mr.. Conway has not been in
Virginia that long.
In reply TO inquiries by The Times
Dispatch. MIR. Conway stated last night
hat he had heard OF the legal objec-
lions made to his holding tho Office.
and that he was not himself sure Of
mis- status, as he Was not familiar with
thd various provisions under which
the new charter changes had been in
augUrated. He declared that he had
months and was a taXiaycr in the year
1918. He said further that he came
10 Virginia from Raleigh. " G, arriv-
ing here August ). 1917.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-01-28
EXPRESSMEN AND MAIL
CLERKS ARE CONSOLIDATED
Merging of Two Associations Is ON
cinlly Approved by National
Body.

National Association of EXpresSmcn
hsa formally approved the actions or
its representatives At the conference
in Richmond TO consolidate the Broth
c:hood of Railway Clerks and the Ma
tioral Association OF E.XpresS;ncn was
announced yesterday By General Pres
ident II. A. Berry. The orGa IMITATION
OF the.new union. known rs the Con-
solidated Organization of EXpressmen.
was handled by a committee composed
OF A. e Weddeil. Of Roanoke: H. w.
Beall. Of Chattanooga: General Presi-
dent II 4. Berry and General Counsel
Jesse c. Duke.
This committee spent week in
Louisville engaged in the work OF con-
soiidation and returned TO Richmond
on Sunday. Application for utilization
with the American Federation of Labor
has already been made by the organiza-
ton. Il is understood.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-01-28
OPPOSE N0-STOP CARS
ON GlNTER PARK LINE
street Committee Rejects PInn 10 DO
Away With stations Between
First street and Bridge.

Gln;er rark ears will not run with
out stop from First and Broad Streets
10 the bridge If the City Council. fol-
lowing the recommendation OF the
Committee on Streets, which at its
meeting yesterday afternoon rejected
The proposition 20 run the cars straight
through
The idea originated in the Admins
trative Board. which passed a resou-
ton backing the nonstop plan and this
resolution was transmitted to the City
Council by Mayor Ainsiie with his ap-
prevail When the matte- came up yes
terday afternoon Councilman Rodcn
appeared before the committee and
declared that the citizens OF Ginter
lark. Barton Heights and North Rich
nond were opposed to the Administers
I'VE Board plan, ii would interfere
win the movements OF their cooks.
"aSherwOmen and other EMPLOYEES
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-01-28
RICHMOND WOMAN NAMED
WESTHAMPTON LIBRARIAN
Miss Ammo u. ROnafdson Ifns Charge
of books for Use OF Wounded
Soldiers

MISS Anne j. Ronaldson, of Rich
mond. has been appointed librarian a,
Westhampton Hospital by the library
war service of the American Library
Association
Miss Ronaldson is being regularly
assisted by Miss Margaret Brown and
Miss Alice Meredith. also of this citv
and by other volunteers from time 10
time. as well as by one of the enlisted
men at the hospital specially detailed
ior the work.
The books collected last fall by the
MeSthampton College Alumnac Asso-
iection OF Vocational books recently
sent TO the hospital by the American
Library ASSocia ion. as have the hook
nerctoiore In The quarters of the Y
VI. I. a. as well as those in The Red
Nross recrcational building. The CEN
tral collection il under one man;tgc-
ment. The hospital grounds. however.
are so extensive that several branches
or the library will be established SO
that books may he within easy reach
II all the men.
In addition. books will be carried to
such of the men in the wards as arc
uiianie 10 go FOR them. and special col
time for the officers, the nurses and
others GU
Since IL is the policy of the American
Library Association to coniine its pur.
chases almost exclusively to voca-
.lonai books. ii is Miss Ronaldson' g
Intention TO make an appeal TO, the
citizens Of Richmond for Tie necessary
cation does not have sufficient means
Mith which to purchase both kinds
This appeal will probably he made
through the churches next Sunday