davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24
UNITED STATES MERCHANT MARINE POLICY
TO BE OUTLINED IN THE HOUSE THIS WEEK

within the next two years, as would
put them on a competitive basis
with the value of shipping in a
competitive market two years hence.
It was with that idea in mind
that Representative Edmonds in
board, consisting of three members
of the House committee on mer-
chant marine, three members Of the
Senate commerce committee and
the members appointed by the ship
ping board, which would supervise the
sale of ships and have the final say.
after considering all proposals, as to
the terms on which they would be
sold. That resolution was discussed
in the Senate committee on Thurs
day.
Unwilling to Take Loss.
Representative Edmonds explained
that the shipping board does not feel
like disposing of any Of the govern
ment ships at a loss, but that the
appointment of a board from the
House and Senate committees and
from the shipping board ought to be
able to settle satisfactorily how the
ships should be sold
The next most important phase Of
the merchant marine subject requir-
ing early action. the committee feels,
is how to make mortgages on ships
or bond issues valid in connection
with liability laws. At the present
time the financial institutions do not
consider ships an attractive invest
ment. For that reason the financing
of shipping is thrown into large cor
porations with tremendous capital.
The man Of limited capital Is not
able to finance the purchase Of ships.
That brought up the question
how to make the mortgages on
ships as good as upon houses. The
committee is now considering that
and expects to start hearings next
week, with a view to early pass
age of legislation, SO as to en-
courage small concerns to buy and
operate three or four ships instead
of allowing the great bulk OF ship
ping to be monopolized by couple
of big companies and place all the
shipping interests of the country
in a few hands.
The plan of the committee is to
have each ship a corporation in
itself They have found consider
able inspiration and example in
the English laws. In England
ships are a popular form of in
vestment. The Ave-pound deben-
ture bonds are the most sought
after form Of investment, and they
have been made stable security.
In this way the risk is divided
up so that If a ship is lost it does
not bear with particular hard
ship on any one. The committee
hopea to make the ship mortgage
a good investment, with strong
security.
Greene Bill Endorsed.
The House committee has re-
ceived many letters from some of
the biggest trust companies in the
country approving. with certain
amendments. the bill introduced
by Representative Greene Of Mas
sachusetts, chairman Of the COM
mites. The committee Is already
agreed that considerable num-
Der Of committee changes must be
made in this bill. Probably the
most important feature will be to
make liens for repairs and dam
ages subordinate to mortgages,
and this is something that the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24
BY WILL r. KENNEDY.

F." HE policy under which q
great American merchant
marine shall be developed
and operated to give the
United States first rank in world
commerce is now being formulated
in the House committee on merchant
marine and fisheries.
The people Of the country. and
especially the business interests
manufacturers, exyns.4ers, financiers
and shippers generally-are growing
impatient to know what Congress
proposes to offer in the way Of legis-
lation for making the merchant ma
rine a great national institution to
promote prosperity. The republican
majority is going to satisfy that de-
sire by explaining the subject on the
floor Of the House early this week.
Representative William S. Greene
of Massachusetts, is chairman Of the
committee which is framing the mer-
chant marine policy. but owing to
his i'll health Representative George
w. Edmonds Of Pennsylvania is
taking charge Of most Of the active
work, and to him has been delegated
the task Of explaining the plan as
thus far worked out to Congress
and to the country.
Outline Of q. 8. Policy.
The principal features of the policy
that the United States is expected to
adopt are:
1. Getting the ships into the
hands of many small owners or
companies rather than having them
gathered in large numbers under
few very large and wealthy COM
panies.
2. Making mortgages on ships as
good an investment as on houses as
a powerful aid in getting them out of
mighty combinations.
3. Attracting capital into mer-
chant marine insurance. so that the
enormous premiums will not go out
of this country. as heretofore.
4. Amortizing the difference in
cost between operating American
shipping and foreign shipping. SO
that American interests can meet
foreign competition Handicapped.
That the policy being worked up
by the House committee calls for
operation in way radically differ
ent in some respects from that prac-
ticed by the United States Shipping
Board Is shown in sharp differences
which members of the committee
had with officials Of the shipping
board at hearings. For example.
members of the committee have
made it plain that they do not ap-
prove Of ALLEGATION Of a considerable
bulk Of government ships to a couple
Of giant shipping corporations.
Has Made Haste Slowly.
The House committee on mer-
chant marine and fisheries has
gone at its task Of drafting a
merchant marine policy and legis-
lation with elaboration, realizing
that there was not as much neces-
sity for haste as in other lines.
such as the disposition and future
operation Of the railroads.
The committee divided itself into
three principal investigating SUBJ
committees.
One Of these. with Representa-
tive Rowe of New York as chair
man. has been studying the ques-
tions relating to navigation laws
and the manning Of vessels.
The second. with Representative
Scott Of Michigan as chairman, has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24

<S0HbuuQS0 lIOIH = Al o. l 06S.y
any regulatory measure adopted by
ConRress to give the various farm
organisations full liberty of action.
This can be done by provisos In
harmony with this suggestion.
There il no thought In the mind OF
anv farmer or any organization OF
farmers Of controlling prices or
regulating production or consump-
ton. Leave the farmer free to
operate, establish good UNDER
Handing between him and his GUS
toner and the natural law OF sup
uly and demand will do the rest.
The chief difficulty OF the present
situation IL that some persons want
to Kill the law of supply and de-
mand. Just as certain big interests
have actually done In relation 10
some commodities.
The farmer IL by natural law
compelled to be the biggest gam
bler that can anywhere be found.
MI. Miller sums up the situation IN
this respect in an admirable manner
when he says he is forced to take
oil the risks of weather. OF freeze,
neat. drought and other hostile
conditions resulting from the ele-
ments, Then he Is compelled 70
take his chances on a market tna1
he 1g OnaDle IN Auy "cy W
Food Storage Vital.
Returning to the question OF
storage. There ought now to be
large quantities of food in reserve
otherwise a great deal of hunger
and privation are inevitable and
everybody. during the non-produc-
tive months Of December. January.
February and probably March. will
pay increased prices for their pro-
visions. Last year we were seno-
ing every ounce OF 1000 tnat we
or collect to our allies. 1t was
necessary to feed them, to keep
IN their morale and at the same
time prevent starvation and want
at home.
The paucity Of our reserves after
the Italian debacle Is used as q
basis for q comparison designed
to make the public oeneve tnat
there il now an abnormal quantity
of food in storage. OF course, there
are exceptions. The Department of
Justice may be able to find men
who are holding excessive stocks
for speculative purposes. II 80
these should be promptly brought
to Justice and forced to disgorge.
If goods are sold at reasonable
price and il there is sufficient food
fiowine from the farms to the peo-
pie to supply the needs OF all.
there should be no objection to
reasonable reserve.
Joseph a Food "Hoarder."
Joseph WIS the greatest hoarder
the world ever knew. Yet ne was
the greatest benefactor Egypt ever
had. He conserved the FOOD oy
proper storage methods and thus
saved human life and human
energy. This doesn't mean that
the writer believes in food hoard
ing when supplies are needed Tor
immediate human consumption.
But it does mean that 1t is I'M
necessary to force upon the coun-
try for the purpose of depressing
prices at their source the reserve
stocks which are held against
period Of non-production.
Every provident housewife VIII
can tomatoes and other yegeta Dies
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24

The National Foreign Trade Coun-
Gil has embarked upon a determined
effort to secure substantial improve
ment Of American facilities for cable
and wireless communication across
the Pacific ocean. This is the first
step in carrying out the recommends
ton of the sixth national foreign
trade convention, held at Chicago re-
Gently, which declared strongly in
favor of the establishment of Ameri-
can systems Of cable and wireless
communication with foreign nations
as essential to the success Of Ameri-
can foreign trade.
The council has appointed special
committee on foreign communication.
which IL taking up the subject ener-
getically, with a view to securing
prompt and effective action. This
committee is composed of E. p.
Thomas. president United States
Steel Products Company; Howard E.
Cole. director of Standard Oil Com
pany OF New York: r. P. Tinsley.
vice president American Information
president International General Elec-
trio Company; r. H. Patchin, man
ager foreign trade department w. R.
Grace & Co.; Frederick ]. Roster,
former president of the San Fran
cisco Chamber Of Commerce.; William
Pigott, president Of American Car
and Foundry Company Of Seattle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24
Falls Back on Force.

II the Germans, for example. were
unwilling to receive the new doctrine
and consent to the liberation Of thzea
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24
FARMER LINING UP
AGAINST CITY WORKER
Continued from First Page.)

ever, they give a fair suggestion OF
the situation. The census report on
all occupations in the country is in
teresting. It shows that in all &C.
equations there was a total of 49,
1895 persons employed, of whom
30,091,564 were male and 8,075,772
were female. Then it subdivides them
as follows: Agriculture. forestry
and husbandry. 12.659.203 manufac-
turing and mechanical industries, TO-
65S.881; transportation. 2,637,671;
trade. 3.614,670: public service. 49,
2s1; professional service. 1.663,56s :
domestic and personal service, 3.773.-
174; extraction of minerals. 964,824.
1t appears that those set down, as
the entire population engaged in the
various occupations.
Take the material resources Of the
conflicting classes-the farmers first.
The total acreage under cultivation
in the last census report was 311,29S,-
$50 acres. and the total value of all
crops was set down as $5,487,161,223
With the present high prices, the
value of the crops may have doubled
since the last census. The value of
the live stock slaughtered or sold for
slaughter on the farms was $685.
175.4S7.
The total value of farm property
in the last census reached the huge
figure of $40,991, $4,000. This is subdi-
vided as follows: Land, $2S,475,674,169:
buildings, $6,325,451,52S; implements
and machinery. $1,265,149.7Ss; domes-
tic animals, poultry and bees, $685.
1850.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24
For Special Appropriations.

In providing for executive control
over the estimates, Congress should
not divest itself OF the power to re-
spond to special need with an appro.
priation. Situations will arise where
In 1t will be necessary and desirable
for Congress toNnake an appropriation
which had not been contemplated by
in response to the undisputed trend Of
public opinion, to have the govern
ment enter into a new line Of activity
or enlarge some existing function. In
affected? The budget is primarily a
matter of running the government es-
Establishment and under our system OF
government. where we have no cabi-
net responsible to Congress and where
| the President Is elected for a fixed
| term of four years and cannot be re-
| moved from office except by impeach-
| ment, Congress should not delegate to
(Coptinued on Sixteenth Page.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24
Vital to Foreign Trade.

The final declaration of the sixth
national foreign trade convention
called for the establishment of Amer
lean systems of cable and wireless as
a national trade policy and pointed
out that 1.-The world trade for which
we are prepared through increased
productive capacity, and for which
we are preparing through the new
merchant marine, can be handled only
II we have adequate American facili-
ties for Geographic communication to
all foreign countries"
The convention recommended that
this national trade policy should be
carried into effect first In those places
where present service has proved ut
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24
Resources Of Industry.

ASSSVO4VSS VI 4AuUSLIys
The latest available figures for the
manufactures Of the country are five
years more recent than those for agri-
culture. The comparison is not quite
fair. though the figures for the manu-
features were for the year the great
war started, 1914. and. therefore, not
30 great as might appear. The report
indicated that the capital invested in
the manufacturing industries totaled
$22. .979.9S7. and the value of the
products was $24.246,43 Today
these products would be worth far
more than in the pre-war period. 1t
Is encouraging to observe that the
value OF the manufactures of the
United States for one year would pay
the entire war debt of this country
and leave very large sum over.
How tremendous are the forces ar
rayed may be readily understood from
a glance at these figures. The indus
trial worker has used the strike as
his most effective weapon to gain his
ends IN competition with his employer,
but II the farmer should ever UNDER
take to strike. heaven help the city
man. There would be long time
between meals,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24
SEES NATIONAL PERIL
IN SEIZURE OF FOOD

CONTINUED from First Paee.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24
Actualities Outweigh Ideals.

Now the exact value OF these
'messes" In Europe which I have
been discussing. in various articles
G0atiaasd On sixissai6 Ps1a.1
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24

Opposed Various Claims.
In the Paris conference our repre-
sentatives, at various times. opposed
the French, the British, the Japanese
and the Italian claims while they
agreed to changes with respect Of
Germany, of Austria and OF Hungary,
which. subsequent developments make
it idle to suppose the peoples OF these
several nations will accept perma-
nently, since in every case these
changes placed at least minority
and sometimes a majority under
hateful alien rule. In the same way
we did equal violence to the aspfra-
tons Of the Rumanians. the Greeks.
the Southern Slavs and the Poles.
do not mean to suggest that In
all or any of these cases there was
real wrong intended. There were mis-
takes. there were errors. such as
Shantung,. the German Tyrol and the
Slovenian Hinterlands of Trieste. But,
ali in all. the things we advocated
do substantial justice, an earnest
study Of the ethnic and economic
facts and a controlling desire to find
some basis Of compromise which
would be fairest to all concerned.
But it was inevitable that these va
rious sacrifices demanded OF the sew
eral peoples would cause protests and
Encounter resistance. they could only
be achieved provided that the various
peoples affected were all equally con-
troiled by an overmasterfng and DOM
inant purpose to assist in the reor-
ganization of the world on a new
basis. on the abolition of war. on the
sacrifice of nationalism to interna-
tionalism.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24
Would Constitute a Budget.

4, That the President, in accord
ence with his constitutional mandate
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-08-24

lCoptinued on Sixteenth PaEe.l
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1919-12-11
Retrieving Barbed Wire.

The problem of retrieving the buried
and broken barbed wire on the bat
tlefields Of Flanders and northern
France is being tackled by the British
war Office salvage committee. and =
machine for the purpose has been m
vented and built which is thus de-
scribed:
One truck and trailer carries the
whole Of the plant. which can Eork
on the most uneven ground. stout
wire rope with 8 number Of hooks is
worked by a winch. As the barbed
wire is drawn up it passes through
two sets of rollers, and the salved met
al appears in blocks from one foot TO
is inches square, and weighing from
20 TO so pounds. For smelling it sells
for about sos q ton. The staff IN
charge of the scheme thinks that there
are 100000 tons that can be removed,
and If that is the aggregate weight the
cost of the 20 outfits said 10 have been
ordered shuold be amply tustifed-
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1919-12-11
curinua Clubs.

The recent encouragement that an
English Headed Mems club" had
lust met-the first time since 1916,
owing to the war-seryes to recall one
or two odd clubs.
"The Fat Mans club" for instance,
was known TO exist in Paris in 1897.
Its heaviest member turned the scale
at $50 pounds and the chief qualifca-
tion for membership was to weigh at
least 900 pounds.
About this time there also met in
New York the Society of the Pointed
Boards most exclusive club, No
one was eligible unless he had care
fully cultivated beard Of natural
growth and terminating in one SYM
metrical point half an inch from the
apex of the chin.
At two club dinners in 1898 even the
celery was served with its leaves
trimmed to a point.
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1919-12-11
PAY YOUR FINE
In W. S. S., SAY
POLICE JUDGES
San Francisco Courts VIII Try
Character-Building Meas
ures in Minor Cases

Upon the thesis that thrifty man
is a better citizen and that many
of our economic ills and much Of our
present day social unrest ara duo d.
rectly to thriftlessness," Police and
Superior Judges of San Francisco are
planning to give persons convicted OF
minor infractions of the law an alter
native of investment in Government
securities, such as War Savings
Stamps and Treasury Savings Certii-
Gates instead of faing them. Judge
I. l. Fitzpatrick, Presiding Judge OF
the Police Court here, said, II shall be
glad to assist in the movement IN this
direction, keeping in mind, however,
at all times, the provisions Of the
charter of the city and county"
The alternative of investment IN
Government securities will be offered
whenever it is within the power OF
the judge to fine or set free the de-
PENDANT in a misdemeanor case. This
attempt" said another judge, will
give such defendants chance to help
themselves and their Government and
cultivate a habit of saving, lack of
which we feel is often at the bottom
Of their transgressions.
Family, rows which find their way
into court and have many times as
their fundamental cause lack of thrift
or spendthrift habits, are expected to
furnish a rich field for. the expert
ulent in penalization to be tried By
the San Francisco judges. AS a rule,
the judge has in such cases the right
TO fine or release defendants with
severe lecture, and hereafter II rs
probable that family rows in San
Francisco will really be beginnings Of
many bank accounts.
The judges will attach only one
condition in leyying a penalty Of in
yestment rather than fning defend
ant, and that condition Is that the
guilty accepting the alternative must
keep their securities until the date Of
maturity. In this way the jurists
hope to lead the thriftless into the
ways of thrift, sound living and bet
ter citizenship.
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1919-12-11

The Cost Pie social held at the
Eastside school house Friday night
brought the sum of s52.25 and this
will be used for a real live Xmas
and q big tree for all the children in
the valley. The Costs with their nice
pies were very attractive under the
white covering and some spirited bid
ding was the result
Mr.. and Mrs. John E. johnson NOV
ed back to Vale, Oregon. Mr.. John
SON has opened an Engineers and
Real Estate office at the Oregon
county seat, and will be glad to meet
his valley friends when they are in
need of any assistance in. his line.
L. NJ. Walker of Ontario met
with what came near being very
serious accident when the gas from
the Ford car exploded and set fire
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1919-12-11
LIBERTY BOND
BUYERS HAVE
10 MILLION DUE
Interest on Third and Victory
Liberty Loans Buys Christ
mas Presents

San Francisco-Patriotic citizens
of the Twelfth Federal Reserve Dis
trict who bought Liberty Bonds dur
ing the war have coming to them ap-
proximately $40. 045,So0 on December
10 as interest on bonds of the First
and Fifth Liberty Loans. This is
more than one dollar per capita for
every resident in the seven states of
the. Twelfth District.
To many the interest money will
come almost as a Christmas gratuity,
but the Government is anxious that
its creditors use the interest not as
easy money but that they re-invest it
Immediately in Government securi-
ties, such as War Savings Stamps and
Treasury Savings Certificates carry
ing 4Ss interest compounded quarter
ly, thus making interest earn interest.
To those who intend to make holi-
day money of it, the Government
says: Give War Savings Stamps for
Christmas"
The total of s10,o45,300 due is
apportioned into S2,2s5,750 as inter
est on the First Loan and s7,749,-
$50 interest on the Fifth Loan. If
the entire s10,045,S0o collectible on
December 10 was invested in War
Savings Stamps and Treasury Savings
Certificates, and the securities held
until their maturity date five years
later, the interest on the interest
would amount to nearly half mil
lion,
Payette enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho) 1909-1935, 1919-12-11
CAUSED A CHANGE IN MIND
Circumstance That Blade Mill Owner
somewhat Relax His Ideas About
Strict Discipline.

81 personally began with the idea
that people might be hired and good
work gained from them" Julian S.
Carr, Jr., in System. writes. Mr. Carr.
who is president Of the Durham Hos
iery mills, goes on: Il thought in my
youth that rules made order and that
certain military discipline was es-
sential; that it was foolish to humor
people and all that. nor was going
10 recognize certain local traditions
about days on which no work should
be done. For instance, ! made up my
mind that quitting work TO 20 to the
circus was not in accord with the best
Industrial practices.
''The first circus came to town about
three months after we took charge Of
tile mill. and was keen for the test
We posted positive orders that the reg
ular hours Of work were TO be obsery-
ed on that day. and that any person
who went of to the circus would be
discharged. The full force reported
as usual on the morning Of circus day.
and ! went home to dinner confident
that at last we had brought order.
It gave me a bit Of pang, for ]
should have liked TO go myself
"But duty is a stern master. and
rejecting on that fact ! hurried back
to the mill. Noticing a crowd in a
side street. / stopped 10 look. It was
our whole mill force vending its mer-
~ wav 10 the magic tenti 7 went
along myself. and resolved that, al
though abstract rules were well
enough. a bit Of common sense and
knowledge Of human nature might
profitably be blended with them. How
much Of our labor trouble generally is
due TO enforcing countless rules with
military exactnessE"