davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30

in (urth"ranrc ii III" Ent"ni" winch OK
isis between Tins country anu r'"''e''
HES Maj"S'E government mas wv"
at tn" request of IN" frrhch govern
mrnt. - send 1u "NprdliiohaFE t"r'' |"
Frame. ana I" "r,"N:'i the command Oh
IN" troops /" yourself.
Tin special m"'ir" "f tn" lnrcr UNI
dor your control is Ia support ana ca
ui"tH;" with TIL" French army aEa'hS'
orr common "n"lnl"S. tn" peculiar. th-A
laid u?uu you iS I" assist the fr'h'H
90, rrnm"ut III preventing "r r"P'"'"s
tho inva*Inm Ivy Germany OF ''heh 'i'''
EclSian territory anu rNchlhall? III 49,
store the mortality Of Belgium. on De-
half 81 which. a, GU" rAni'"d II! treaty.
Belgium has appealed {" III" french ma
ia n,If,:"Irr&
".rh...r arc tht, rr:Isuns which have in
durcd III: Ma irsly'S government 10 de-
,I,rc ,xnr aud ,h.,~ rrasnn. constitute
nm, r,ip,or, nhi,,.,;>r YOU hay, lmt"rr
,.o.,
...rbc rl.,,c ,r rcur assembly. accord
,,,.. Tn ,,-rs,.u; arr.rg.,unntS. - AnlIcns.
ard 5,.riu. ;hc ASSEMBLE. Of yuur troops
van ,.lI h.v,, rvrry onnnrtunjlv for DIS
,.us.ip.. with IN" commander in rhI"I
I tho L,r.,.b army ihr military ;,usl-
linn ~ ,.rnrrol and the sucri:.l part
,ricr ..u,r farce j. ablc and ndaplcd 10
,,,,. :, r,us, N. rcruyrizcd from the
,,, ,h.. th,. ,u,urr,,aI strength nr
,hc r,r;,i.,, r,r,,.. ami it's contingent rr-
,,,,,,.,o, J.. STRICTLY limited and with
mi. consideration kent steady in Wow
!, will bc nhyio,.: that tho greatest care
must Lac --.c-cisrd tnwa:d minimum ~
Irs.cs and wns,ng"
.''rhrrrforr Will" every effort must.
h, rnaJr ru coincide. most Sympat nciI':a:-
IL with thu, pIanS aud wishes uf our al
~ ,hr rrarcSl consideration VIII de-
,rlyr uDou YOU as to participation IN
forward movrmcnts where largo bodies
uf Errncb trou;s arc moi engaged and
whore YOUR fnrcr may be unduly tx
noscd Ia attack. Should n contingency
Of this sort hc contemplated. | look to
YOU TO inform me :ully and give mc Tim"
~ commitment" Ia you any decision 10
which His Najrsly's government may
rnn,c in the matter. In this connection
I wish you distinctly TO understand tia.
yuu- command is An entirely indcpcnd-
on, ono and lint ynu will in no case
..u,r, in any scn.n under tho orders
ony ,IlicI rrncraI'
~, ,,i,,r on,r,tions Won should b.
,o,,r,,I ,h.,, ,,,,, s,hordinatos under
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30
DALLAS BOY WRITES OF
ARMY LIFE IN FRANCE
Interesting ECtter Received Fror1 VIM.
J. Rigg1e, Now Somewhere
Ia Prance

The following Interesting letter was
received q few days ago by Odessa Rig
gle from her cousin. William ]. EiSslc.
now with tho 4. F. F. IN France. The
letter Is rs follows:
Dear Coustn-Rcccfved your letter
yesterday that you wrote November !"
It has been tong tirne on It's way. but
4 got here at hast You said that prob
ably be at home by the time this letter
got herr. but am stin here yet, and
don't know how long I will be.
think they arc going to keep me in
this camp the rest Of my life, but can
never tell how long that is. I am as
wcn as 7 cvcr was, but nm not as heavy
as was when I came over hern-not
by about 20 pounds Some Of these days
I will send you one OF my pictures
from France
feel like. tros and 7 think I soon will
be ono in full It Is real nice weather
here now: It hasn't mined for about
three days. That Is IL long time ror it
not to rain IN France The sun has
found Its way through the dark "l"iIls
and shines nttlr. How is tho weather
in the States? I suppose ine. rs BY IN"
time this reaches ynu it will hc tho
beautiful month Of May. and only think
I soon Will DO 25 years old. and begin
TO feel old, too; but maybe it is only
the army blues They arr ton times
worse IN tho army than they wrrc ut
home, so when you get them and cc'
after thc cats and dogs and r1In ilr"m
off the place. and II anyone says any
thing To you and ynu almns: snap "fr
their hoads-sn just think Of III" soma
where in France and Just itnagif" how
l feel sometimes. Toll Gail received
her letter also. 7 was certainly glad 10
SGT them. n They We're old. 4 letter ia
wtFth lot To mo in this place. That
is tho only pleasurr | llav"---tn receive
letters from my friends.
Th"ro arc only two kinds or snnrr 8
in this country: that is. strong drink
and tho r~'st I can toll you when como
hack 10 West Virginia. We'll. write and
toll mo- all tn" news. for ] want tn hear
from ynu an. SO I will c'nS". Write
soon. AS cvrr.
William 7. Ei-Cln.
On. r. 81. Sa=airc. France. Army r. .
TOT.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30
Lectlre-Recital Club.

Last evening in til" First l'r"itN:"r-
IAN church. Of Martins Ferry. u r"n'"'t
was .sivca by IN" Martins Ferry l"ciuF"
T:r>Ital "lub. Music lovers from tho
surrounding vicinity w"r" present !"
hear these real artists. Mass t""r=Ihnna
Eudca, soprano. Mrs. Joseph Altman.
rlaniSt and Mr.. charles Mclirid". r"ll'St-
Til. following program was rendered.;
(a) lltmcni0. ......-.. .Nrhrial-A7r
CO. Orirnt;,lr up. M. p. Caesar tNi
(c) Lullaby np. - II. 'i"t'lich-N"r'n
Charles \. Mcbride
fa) Marhor Night Song. Sand"rSnn
,bl Tired Hands. .......- Sander*"n
tel Brolk I'll Day. -SandcTsol
Miss RudEo
,a) Gavntte in +. Minor. ...... Each
th) IurrnrIptu or. @9.....-.- l'iSEE
(c) Rhapsodi" HnnGroiSc No. i. l.iSzt
Mrs. Altnmond
(a1 4 Sea Drift. .'.......-... Hranucr
(h) Cnolan Dhu... Lcohi
Ccl Dawn IN Thr Desert ....-. Rose
(d) Christ IN E',arirrS Wa I'd Stephens
Miss Ridge
Concerto No. 1 IN G.......... Gu!icrmlh
Allegro.
.tndautr.
Allegro Motto.
Nrrrido
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30

Vegetable Compound that made me so
wen 1t is certainly good medicine
foreyerywoman. I cannot saytoomuch
in its favor, and you may publish my
testimonial. Mrs. W. PHILLIPS, $3.50
Kingsessing Avenue, West Phila., Pa
The reason that thousands of women
from all parts of the country write such
letters is that this famous old root and
herb remedy, Lydia E. Pinkham's Vege-
table Compound, has brought health
and happiness into their lives, once bur-
dened with pain and Illness
For special advice in regard to such
ailments write Lydia E Pinkham Med
icine Co, Lynn, Mass. The result Of
its many years experience is st your
service
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30

CHARLESTON. w. Na.--Th> state
road commission has hncn notified Of
tho letting Of contracts for tho con-
struction or two road PROJECTS Of one
milo rnch i'll Jackson county. Roth arc
federal MD roadS. on" on tho T;aVcnS-
wood and Snndyvillr and the other on
the Ripley and Charleston piEas.
Thu commission has also h~rn nnti-
fed thai scaled proposals will b. re-
coivcd by he Wyoming county court on
May II for III" construction cf four
miles OF road i'll that county.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30

poundforfivemonths
before my baby was
born and it has made
me much better in
health. salways
very i'll when my
other children we're
born, but with this
one I had 3 much
easier time. He is q
big healthy boynov.
three years old, and
/ believe it was
F. Pinkham's
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30
DULL, SPLIT T|NC,
SICK HEADACHE
DR.. JAMES HEADAC" Powders
RELIEVE AT oNCB-1o CENTS
A PACKAGE.

You take DR. James Headache
Powder and In just fcw moments
your head clears and all neuralgia and
pain fades away. It's the quickest and
surcst relief for headache. whether dull,
throbbing. splitting or nerr-rncking
Send someone Ia NO drug store and get
dime package now. Quit suffering
it's so needless Be sure you get DR..
James Headache Powdcrs-then there
will be NO disappointment.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30

This afternoon III" card parties or the
Ladies' Carroll Social club will b" re-
sumcd after being postponed for several
weeks. The Carroll club will b" the
scene Of this gathering and Mrs. Haven
Robb and Mrs W. !. E9raddnck VIII u"
hostcsscs Five hundred will occupy
the guests from until O'Clock and
tho serving of light refreshments VIII
conclude the afternoon.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30
Donation Day.

Tn" anu,:,,l d"nr;I"H DAY for n" home
for I'rIcudi.Ss and Aged Women. 'rrrn"r
Of l::th and t.ofr Si"""iN hhS m"'n an
n"aurrd COR May -. l'ia:iS ar" h"lns7
,:;,d" for ;hjS day AMI friends arr asked
to r,.<r"nl most hh'";Iily. Further net
ices VIII u, given concerning: the pro-
grant latrT,
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30

Mrs. Roy Nayior will entertain the
members of the FIRST Twig this after
noon at her homo In Woodlawn. Fol
lowing an afternoon at the Twlgs need
lework, tea will be served.
The Second TWig will meet with MIS-
Lee PAUL at the Country Club today at
1880 O'Clock when luncheon will be
served The afternoon hours will be
devoted to sewing.
MIS-. Dwight Wagner win have the
members Of tho Graft Twtg as her
guests at her homo in LcatherWood Lane,
a light luncheon will conclude an after
noon Of thr TwigS work.
4 busy session OF the Euds Will be
held at the home nf Mrs: Hugh Brady
Plans will be completed Tor the hazaar.
bridge tea and dinnrr-dancc all arranged
into one delightful affair t" be held at
the old Stone House at lanyS Point, on
May s. go
The newtyorganizcd Service Twig will
be entertained by Mrs Wheeler Bach
man, at hr home On 18th street. begin
ming al O'Clock. Much good work is
expected to result from this new Twig,
which was organized about four weeks
ago,
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30
Mr.. Mcbride
Dinner Dance.

This evening in tho Hotel Mcclure an
elaborate event Of thu week will h" held
when Carroll Court ec9. Daughters OF
Isabella, will bold their dinner dance.
The dinner will be- served Mt I O'Clock.
after which 4 delightful evening will be
spent at dancing. Iftriics Popular Ray
ers, we'll known Jazz orchestra lr"h
Colombus, Ohio. will furnish nm NtrtS-
tive program Of music. 4 great number
OF ncceptanceS hav" already been &C.
ceivcd, but those who havo failed 70
accept. may do so until noon today. by
calling Miss Clara Rose Coleman. THIS
affair will be formal hut will doubtless
have 4 military aspect too. as all re-
turned soldiers are urged 10 wear their
uniforms.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30
Continued Thursday

MOEGASTONE. W. Marlborough
liza post OF the World War Veterans has
been organized hero By returned SOL
diers and sailors. with Major c. c. Rob-
lnson as commander.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30

An event Of musical Interest ia the
invitation Piano Recital nj which Mrs
Riccardo Ricci will present her pupil
Miss Martha Irwin in a program nl
modern composers. including HrahmS
RachnlaninofT. DebuSsy. Smiling SpoEr"n
and others. an attractive addition 1"
the program will be the singing OF Mrs.
T. G. Koontz soprano. Miss Bessie DOW
Ter coptralto and Mr.. Ward W. NrShit
tenor, all vocal artist pupils or Mrs
Ricci. The recital will take place at the
=. W. c. A. on Wednesday afternoon.
May a. at O'Clock
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30
The JOY OF
motherhood
Mrs. Phillips Sends an En-
couraging Letter to
Expectant Mothers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

West Philadelphia Pal took
lydia E. Pinkham.s Vegetable Com
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30
washington. Pa Garden Dances.

"RSA1I15 EoL2S SAAoSH ASSNANSo'
Members Of Washington society and
their friends arc eagerly awaiting tho
Big May Dance. which Is to b" held
in the Washington. In. Gardens on
Friday. May .. FischrrS six piocn FIX
position orchestra. of Kalamazoo. Mich
has been engaged at big expense for this
feature dance. and F'iscarr-s nave 20
year reputation for high class dance ana
novelty music extending from coast to
coast. go
Local dancers who have attended the
past feetur" dances at tn" Garden will
be interested in the announcement for
the Gardens attract quite a frw parpns
rom Charicroi. Carnegie. Uniontown
Conne1lsvilke and Wheeling. VINO desire
t. dance to the high class music that
Is always provided for these affairs
Tho hours arc from nine TO two ana
the committee announces that lunch nf
all kinds, soft drinks and rec cream
may DO obtained in tho building.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30
Card Party.

The Christian Mothers or tn" ST. Al
phonSus church entertained last "r"ninE
with a delightful "uChrc party. This
was the first "f tn" spring card parties
and WIS hold in tho Columbia club audi
forum Tho evening hours w--" drvC'
Cd to that fascinating ramc--"uchro.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30

Auto ar N!.
A1lea 80. l5NiaS!S
Struightened. r'hE"N
Chan H. Ee5tdtt.
II Tweut1Bth Street
ap-3o-k
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-04-30

William +. E;-cln.
F". F.. n. Sa=airr. France. Army T. .
7nI
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1919-08-30
NO RING IN HIS NOSE
(McAlester News Capital


Scott Ferris in his announcement for
senate proclaimed himself firm sup
porter of Wilsonian principles. Senator
Gore seized upon this point with avidity
and had much to say in the columns of
NEWSPAPERS about men who went around
with rings in their noses. Naturally,
Cores criticisms appealed to carping
critics of the president which includes
democrats of little faith and republicans
of much hope.
OF course Ferris has been strong
administration man during his tenure
in the lower house and it is much to
the credit that he has been loyal to his
party during the trying times of its eX-
istence, but his record proves concisely
that his support has not been of the
stone blind variety.
DO voters doubt that statement? Then
read further.
Ferris aid in securing the repeal of
the daylight savings law merited and
gained a strong letter of thanks from
r. c. Atkinson. Washington represent
ative of the National Grange, farmers
80 years old and with more
than a million producing members.
Ferris introduced a bill for the re-
peal on the first day of the present
and his tireless work for its
passage, including many appearances
before the committee and speeches on
the floor, effectively contributed to the
result. AS chairman of the democratic
committee and his init
macy and popularity with colleagues
has caused him to be termed 'Oklaho-
mas Congressman Efficient Every
member of Oklahoma's present delega-
ton aided in the repeal. Senator Gore
was in Oklahoma looking after his po-
litical fences and did not vote"
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1919-08-30
CHEESE IN MOTION

n UR ESTEEMED (more or less) contem-
~ poraries, Armour & Company, have sent
is press-agent story having to do with the
biggest cheese that ever chose. Some cheese! !!
axclaims the Armour press agent, who AYERS
hat the cheese was made "for' Armour &
Company Of course Armour G. Company
themselves, who deal exclusively in meats and
nave nothing to do with the dairy industry lin
your left eyeD, had to hire somebody to make
his cheese for em; they had to pay the max
ars, some of their employees; 20 We must admit
that the cheese was made "for" them. Incident
ally, we may direct your attention to the IN
.ended psychological effect of that little word
''for' as used it was employed with the hope
IF creating the impression that Armour q
Company are not in the cheese and dairy line
We cheerfuly give some of the statistics
relating to this cheese, as supplied by the press
agent The cheese weighs 81, ,964 pounds, stands
eight feet tall in its stockinged feet, is ten and
a half feet through the chest, wears summer
bow belt thirty-three feet around, and is con-
tanned within container weighing 5000
pounds In making this cheese 357 800 pounds
of milk were used, and the tail of the cheese
was salted with 800 pounds of salt so that the
cheese might be caught for advertising pur-
poses. and 1851 ounces of rennet were en-
ployed.
Whew! Some cheese, verify! We learn
further that three bandage cohts, evidently as
first aid to the injured feelings of the cheese
were used, each cloth valued at $500 and meas
uring thirty-three feet long and sixteen feet
wide Factories furnishing the curds were in
number So Cheese-makers and helpers were
49, Value of the cheese factories is about
S4OO 900. Milk taken from 10000 cows on
500 farms went into the making of the cheese.
Said cheese is to be exhibited at the nation
al dairy show in Chicago October to II, and
if you can't attend the show you ought at any
rate to be able to smell cheese big as that,
from any reasonable distance. But here's the
point: so big and unique is this huge cheese
that motion pictures have been taken by two
large film companies, which will circulate the
pictures Of the worlds largest cheese through
out the world, as well as the process of manu-
facture.'
What? cheese in moves-a cheese in mo-
ton! We have known cheeses of ordinary size
to get up and walk around through their own
50 to speak. but if this mastodonic
Armourial cheese possesses within its interior
works the elements of motion we wonder why
the Armour press agent didn't give us the
specifications, dimensions and tensile strength
of the shippers, not to speak of their numerical
u
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1919-08-30
By GENE BYRNE,

doubt justly enough, upheld union
law as against disorder, and while the
Labor movement has known this dis
tinction. the general public probably
has not"
An example of the futility of local
Labor bodies acting upon impulse IN
precipitating industrial disturbances is
furnished by the recent Chicago car
strike. According to a Labor official,
at mass meeting which was addressed
by members holding radical views 1t
was decided by those present to reject
the agreement made by their own Off
cials with the companies and to strike
for what the men at the meeting
thought just After three days the
union officials succeeded in getting
and the vote declared in
favor of return to work. This promi'
nent Labor leader made clear his APP
probation of the fact that mass meet
ings are liable to be swayed by n min
ority into Il course not only wrong in
itself, but contrary to the rules or
the union for doing business, and in
a reputation of regularly con
stituted union authority. He pointed
out a condition which union members
everywhere would do well to remember,
when he said that in secret ballot
sane counsel gets recorded, and usually
as it did in Chicago; there
fore, while the unrest which is an al
termath of the war lasts, Labor should
act bv referendum rather than in mass
meeting
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1919-08-30
NEGRO METHODIST CONFERENCE
(Contributed)

Contributed
The Methodist conference of the c.
NJ. f. Connection entered upon its second
days session at 10 o'clock.
The presiding elder, Rev. w. =. Pip
kim ID. d., is sparing no pains to make
the sessions inspirational and profit
able from every point of view.
He is fostering the spiritual interest
by putting on strong preachers each
night, and at II o'clock each day.
But while the spiritual fires burn,
there is no neglect of the temporal af
fairs. and the various departments are
reporting at high water mark. In fact,
every charge is reporting in full. which
means that the missionary and cdLca-
tional interests. in the state will be
greatly strengthened.
Our new dormitory at BOley is in pro
cess of erection, at a cost of $4,000.
and when completed will greatly add to
our state educational facilities.
Thursday night witnessed welcome
reception given to the delegates on the
part of the members of the church, as
sisted by other churches and organi-
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1919-08-30

| as they do. In fact he says that the
Industrial Workers of the World has
been at the bottom of this tendency
wherever it has appeared. This ex-
planation of the departure from usual
practice appears altogether reasonable,
and it is helpful to have the departure
clearly accounted for at the present
stage of industrial reconstruction.
Mr.. VOL declares further that these
same agencies are now following a new
nOucy of working from within the
trade union movement. 'They have
quit having strikes of their own" says
he, "and are boring from within the
American Federation of Labor Be
cause of the high cost of living, the
ground has been fertile for them.
They have been working very hard
to create conditions favorable for the
establishment of this One Big Union
program, but in my judgment, while
their effort within the Labor move
ment never actually had an opportu-
nifty. that opportunity has now been
completely destroyed"
Like destructive agencies generally,
the Industrial Workers of the World
and those in partnership with it, fail
ing in one method of attack, stealth
lily, and as long as possible secretly,
shift their modus operandi until they
are thwarted once more. very likely
through being found out, and their
game made known to the public. This
same Labor official doubtless placed
none too high value on the letter
already referred TO when he said. as
he did, that the attention of the pub
lie has never before been called to
the danger of the unauthorized strike,
starting up sporadically without the
sanction of the international officials,
as it was through the letter of Presi
dent Wilson to Mr.. Hines. the Director
General of Railroads.
THE president" said Mr.. Vol, no
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1919-08-30

There are welcome indications that
the rank and file of the American Fed.
GRAFTON of Labor, as well as its Officers,
are beginning to realize that in order
to gain just ends and also to maintain
the present position of the organiZa-
tion. greatly strengthened by its course
during the war, they must preserve
unity among themselves. 1t is easy
to believe that a large majority Of the
federation are sufficiently intelligent
and wise to perceive suickly that i'm
patient refusal to support the agree
ments made by officers whom they
have chosen to act for them can lead
only TO failure. And failure, in such
circumstances would mean not only
defeat of a cause Immediately in hand,
but if such a practice We're continued
loss of the confidence and respect Of
the public.
1t is no secret that the great body
cf sane and sensible people such as
evidently comprise the larger part Of
the American Federation of Labor
have, in their wise aims and aspira
tions, the sympathy and moral sup
port of the other great section of the
population, the so-called middle class.
And such sympathy and support rep
resent the great volume of public opin-
ion, which, as everybody nowadays is
supposed to know, and should con
stantly remember, must be favorable
to a cause if that cause is to succeed.
The wiser of the Labor leaders, OF
course. realize the immense value Of
public approval. and the vital import
ance of integrity within their organi-
zation, in its every transaction and
relation with whomsoever it has deal
ings. Without this quality, combined
with unity, there can be no stability
in the Labor body.
II is reassuring to find that certain
union officials are pointing out some
of these and also other important facts
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1919-08-30

You may read in today's paper that the en-
tire expenses Of the American peace expedition
to Europe will cost about one and half mil
lion. It's cheap at the price. We paid about
twenty billion dollars to reach the peace table
at Paris. Now that the facts and figures are
made public, those fellows who some little
while ago were trying to discredit the president
and the administration by circulating stories
to the effect that the presidents trips to Paris
were costing the nation fifty to a hundred mil
lion dollars will subsde into their holes and
pull the holes in after them.