davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
TWO NEW ISSUES OF CERTIFICATES
 OF INDEBTEDNESS
First Issue Will Be for S600,- 000,000 in Anticipation of Fifth Liberty Loan
 Receipts
By Associated Press

Washington, January s. Two new issues of certificates of indebtedness, one for $500, 100000, in anticipation of fifth Liberty Loan receipts, and the other for an indefinite amount in anticipation of tax collections in June, announced today by the treasury, raised the aggre- gate of certificates, out standing or offered, to approx imately $4,500,000,000. This represents roughly the current debt of the government, most of which will be refunded in Liberty Bonds.
 About $500 ,OO0,O0 of certificates have been offered since the fourth Liberty Loan. including S7e4o00,000 of tax certifi- cates, but not making allowance for the issue of the indefinite amount announced today. In addition. sl,2o0,oo0 of certifi- cates issued in anticipation of the fourth l. berty Loan receipts, are outstanding.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
EARNINGS FALL SHORT
Rv Associated Press

By Associated freSe
 Washington, January S.-Railroad earn ings under government operation during the calendar year of 1918 will fall short about s196, 600 of the standard return which the government must pay the roads This revised estimate was sub mitted by Director General McAdoo to Senator Smith, chairman of the interstate commerce committee in letter made public today and represents an addition Of $60.0O0,000 to the estimate given by MT. McAdoo in his recent testimony before the committee.
 MT. McAdoo explained in his letter that the increased estimate was based on ac- tual net revenue for November, which was now available and which was $2S, OOO000 less than was anticipated when he Sappeared before the committee. He esti- mated that s6.000000 of the difference was due to reduction in traffic during No yember and $22, GOO GOO to increased wages and back payments.
 MT McAdoo pointed to this unexpected development as lending additional em- phasis to his statement that "it is impos- sibe to predicate satisfactory conclusions upon the present necessarily incomplete results for even a single year of federal control, especially under war conditions, and said that a satisfactory showing of the results of federal operation in 1918 probably could not be made before March 1.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
Three More States Join Movement for
 National Prohibition
By Associated Press

Chicago. January S.-While rep resentatives of the distillcrs of the country were organizing here to- day for n finish fight against anti liquor legislatiOn before the high est court in the land. the states Of Maine. Tennessee and Idaho joined the movement for national prOhi- bitiOn by ratifyinE the proposed constitutional amendment. Twcu- ty-twO states now have ratified the amendment. Thirty-six states are required.
 In addition to final acti0n in the three states named the Illinois and West Virginia senates md the Georgia house also voted for rnti- ficatiOn.
 Wisconsin, MinncsOta. Town. Missouri md other western state legislatures soon are to act on the amendment.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
WINS WIDE SUPPORT
By Associated Press


 Washington, January S.-The all-Rus- sian government at Omsk has succeeded in winning to it's support all the factions of Siberia and some of the strong or- ganizations of Russia, according to a dispatch from the Russian minister of foreign affairs at Oinsk, received today at the Russian embassy. Chief amoua the factions are the Plekhanon group of the social democratic party, "Edin stvo.'' and the OmsS group of the so- cialist revolutionary party, which has been one of the most serious obstacles in Siberia to the full control of the gov ernment by the Omsk leaders
 From other sources information came that the dissension caused by the defec- tion of General Semenoff had been ended and that all representatives of the OmslS government were now in full accord.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
EBERT IS URGING
 PEOPLE ID STAND
 BY GOVERNMENT
By Associated Press

London January S.-(Brltish Wireless Service )-Both Chancellor Ebert and Philipp Schneidemann, the majority so- clalist leader, are endeavoring to per suade the people of Berlin to stand by the present government. Addressing large crowds before the chancellor's palace they bitterly denounced the insane pol icy and rascally behavior of the Spar tacans and promised to meet the danger with firm determination.
 Herr Ebert said the government was determined to maintain security, free dom and right, and would stand or fall by the national assembly, which was the way to freedom and happy future for Germany.
 Scheidemann said:
 T know what the stake is. If these machinations are continued our women and children will be abandoned to worse famine than during the four terrible years of the war. If you men who have had military training will join us you VII. get arms We want you for defense, but we will not be defeated by these people Be true and hold out. Promise that and we shall do our duty.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
AWARDED HONOR MEDAL

Subsequently as the colonel in the com mand of the Thirty-sixth United States volunteers, General Bell participated in the Luzon campaign and was awarded the congressional medal of honor for gallantry in the operations against the Filipinos. The exploit which won the honor was a charge in which he led his men against the enemy works.
 For his services m the Philippines he was promoted to brigader general Of volunteers. At that time he was the youngest general in the army.
 When the regular army was reorgan-
 zed in 1901, Bell was made a brgadier general of regulars, jumping over 5s& captains, 2T majors, 9S lieutenant col onels and Y colonels. He was selected in 1909 to e-establish the army schools at Fort Leavenworth.
 In April, 1906, he was named chief of staff of the army, after being promoted to major general and served in that ca- pacty until he was succeeded in April 1910, by Major General Leonard Wood, whom he followed in command of the department of the east with headquar- ters at Governors Island.
 Upon his retirement as chief of staff General Bell went to the Philippines az commander in chief remaining there un- |til April. 1914 After his return to the United States in that year he had some of the most important posts in the serv- ice, including that of the commander of the department of the west, with head to come to Governors Island in March.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
Socialist Leaders Guilty,
 Verdict Returned By Jury
COngressman-Elect Victor
 Berger and Four Co., Defendants Face Prison Terms of 1 to 20 Years
By Associated Press

By Associated Press
 Chicago, January 8.-All of the five socialist leaders tried for conspiracy to violate the es- pionage law were found guilty by the jury late this afternoon in federal court.
 The defendants found guilty are;
 Congressman-elect Victor l..
 Berger, publisher of the Milwau-
 kee Leader.
 Adolph Gcrmer. secretary of the
 national socialist party.
 Vim. F. Kruse. editor of the
 Young Socialist.
 Irwin st. John Tucker. writer
 and speaker.
 J. Louis EngdahI, editor of the
 American Socialist.
 The defendants were charged With conspiracy to violate the espionage law by delivering speeches and circu- lating published articles with the will ful intent to cause insubordination. disloyalty and refusal of duty among the naval and military forces of the United States and interfering with the recruiting service and the enforcement of the selective draft law
 The convicted men face prison terms of from one to 20 years. a fine of from $1 to $10.000 or both. at the discretion of Judge K. NJ. Landis. the trial judge, who will fix punishment later.
 SEEK NEW TRIAL Attorneys for the defendants immc . diately presented a motion for a new trial Judge Landis fixed January 23 as the date when he will hear argu- ments on this motion. The five defend ants were taken in custody in the court room but few minutes later released on their old bonds of s1O,00O each Seymour Stedman. chief counsel for the defendants declared that the case will be appealed to the United States su- preme court if necessary to keep n.s clients out of prison.
 The jury deliberated five hours and 50 minutes before agreeing on it. verdict Unusual precautions were | taken by the government to prevent any outbreak in the courtroom agents of the department of justice searching every man who entered the room to listen 10 the reading of the verdict HALTS FIVE MINUTES The jury halted in its labors for five minutes at 1l:45 o'clock out of re- spect to the memory of Theodore Roosevelt. Out in the corridor the de- fendants. their lawyers and friends were ordered by the bailiff to remove their hats while the city paid it's re- spects to the former President With the exception of Berger. who appeared | nervous. the defendants listened to 1 the reading of the verdict without a !; sign of emotion.
 1 Victor l.. Berger said: The verdict ! is surprise to me. I was certain tha, |; the jury would acquit us on the case made out by the government. I am nc more guilty of this charge than tn, l, judge on the bench. I have been cit 1 zen of this country and stood for ths ] principles for which l have been trie 1 for 37 years. Now if l am to be persc cuted for them I shall accept my fate { like a man.
 1 Adolph Germer said: 'srhe verdIc. | came as a shock to me because I fell ] that all along we would be set free We are not discouraged, however, and 1 will keep the flag of socialism flying | The other defendants declined tc | make statements.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
RECOGNITION URGED
By Associated Press


 Washington. January S.-Recognltion ny the victorious associated nations of the provisional government at Omsk as the all-R "ssian government with the right of representation al the peace confer ence was urged in a memorandum sub mitted to the allied representatives by the Russian delegation now at Paris. News of this action of the Russian representatives reached the Russian embassy here today in cablegram from the Russian ambassador at Paris.
 Composing the Russian delegation are former officials of the Russian provision al government and ambassadors to the principal governments.
 NJ Tchaikovsky, head of the Archanse' government and M. Sazonoff, former TOT eisn minister of Russia. are expected to reach Paris soon.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
DEFINITE STEPS FOR LOCATING SOLDIERS
 WILL BE TAKEN

Montgomery. January s.--(Special) D. w. Ross. representative of the depart ment of the interior. will be in Mont gomery Thursday to confer with Govern or Henderson and Fred H. Gormley, ex- ecutive secretary of the Alabama council of defense. At this conference the plans for locating soldiers on available land will be discussed and something definite done. The council of defense has 800 o0o acres of land listed in the several counties of central and south Alabama From this acreage will be taken 100000 acres on 50 per cent of the available land is the Mobile county territory in south Alabama.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
LAWS ID PREVENT
 RETURN OF ROADS
 ID BE INTRODUCED
Effort to Be Made to De- prive President of Power to Return Roads to Pri-
 vat : Management
By Associated Press

Washington, January o. Legislation to prevent Presl- dent Wilson from turning rail exds back to private manage it,e3eat in the immediate future Wi,l be introduced in Congress soon,, it was said today after Interstate Commerce Commis- sioner Clark had told the Sen ate interstate commerce com mittee that most members of the commission believed the President should be deprived of this power.
 Senator Cummins of Iowa declared a resolution taking from the President au- thority to return the roads at will would be presented to Congress shortly, as d means of insuring that Congress will have time to consider suitable railroad legisla- ton before the lines gre returned to pri- vate management.
 This might fe accomplished by amend ing the railroad control act.
 Interstate Commerce Commissioners McChord and Woelley dissent from the opinion expressed by Commissioner Clark in regard to depriving the President of his discretionary authority, it was tated.
 PRIVATE OPERATION BETTER
 In the course of his testimony today. that private railroad operation is more efficient and economical than government. management
 A statement by Commissioner McChord placed in the record today sought to de- feild the commission against charges that it's refusal to approve adequate rates had been mainly responsible for decline of railways credit in recent years. The statement included tables showing that between 1891 and 1917, railroads operat- ing income had tripled, amounting ill 1917 to $i, ,o69, ,000, ,0oO, while average income per rifle of line had increased from $2056 to s4e32. Dividends on dividend yielding stock had increased from 5.39 per cent to 6.7S per cent, and the ratio of income to cost from BIT to 5.27 per cent.
 Considered from the viewpoint of divi- dend payments, net income to asserted cost. or surplus accumulations. the rail- roads were never in so prosperous con- sdition," Commissioner McChord said
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
Summary of the News

1-Laws to prevent return of roads to
 be asked.
 Socialist leaders found guilty. 3i.OOO bOlshevists captured by
 loyal Russians. 2-LegislatiOn to make contract ts
 valid being sought. INewx of day In Washington. Casualty list. "EditOrinl @Baptists oppose merger. Positions open to returned soldiers. G-SOclety. s-Russian ann bassadOr fOstering
 revolution. is charge. -Farm news. 1i-Markets-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
UNFORTUNATE ATTEMPT

Sundays attempted revolt is regard ed in liberal circles as unfortunate in that it temporarily strengthened the hands of the socialist ministers. The six ministers who were arrested by the opposition forces have been liberated from the building where they were inn prisoned.
 Prince Eustache Sapieha. who led Sundays attempt, has been asked by General Pilsudski 10 remain in his home pending developments Colonel Janszagitis, the principal military aide to the prince. has been imprisoned in the fortress for trial before military court
 Early this morning there was some random shooting about the city. Thir- ty white guards were disarmed by regular troops.
 The regulars placed machine guns in Nowy street and fired on the palace occupied by the white guards Four of the white guards were wounded. The affair was settled peaceably when Albert Kossak, the Polish military painter, many of whose pupils were among the white guards, persuaded them to yield to the regulars. He treated the incident lightly and re- turned to his studio.
 There has been so much fighting in the streets of Warsaw during the oc- eupation and revolutionary periods that Kossak's attitude is typical of the pop ulation generally No one seems to get excited when shooting affrays occur in the streets.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
Carranza Objected
 to Wilson Resolution
By A,sse,atsd. Pres.

Washington. January S.-Information has reached Washington that after Sena- TOT I-ugo. in the Mexican Congress in sroduced a resolution on December 13. consratulatng President Wilson on his international policies. President Carranza sent for the chairman of the Senate com lnittee on foreign affairs aud strongly opposed enactment of such a resolution The resolution failed of passage later.
 It was called up in the Mexican Senate toward the close of the session but was sidetracked by enough of the senators leaving to prevent quorum.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
SCANT NEWS RECEIVED By Associated Press

Washington, January S.-Meager official advices concerning the riots in Berlin reached the state department today. They gave no details but piceure the situa ton as serious.
 The war department had no advices from Brigadier General Harries or other army officers in Berlin in connection with the execution of the arnistice terms and neither department had anything to confirm unofficial report which was brought to their attention that General Harries had raised the American flag over the hotel where he was stopping and later had lower it because of threats of the mob.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
Wood Made Member of
 French Legion of Honor
By Associated Press

Paris, Janpary S.-(HavnsD-The French government. wishing to show it's gratitude to Americans who since the beginning of hO~till- ties rendered distinguished serv- ices to the cause Of France and the allies. announces n number of pro- motions and nOminntIO in the Legion or Honor.
 Among the knights created nre Richard C. Wood. president of the Alabama Iron and Steel company.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
BRITISH IMPORTS
 SHOW INCREASE
By Associated Press

London Thursday. January 7.--Imports into the Uni1ed Kingdom during Decem- Der increased 3l.4a.000 pounds sterling over the same month in l917, according to statistics made public by the board Of irade today. The increase was mostly n foodstuffs and raw materials, of which i.500. coo pounds sterling was cotton.
 Exports increased largely cotton, tex tiles providing 2.Ot0,oOo pounds sterling of the increase.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
COMMANDER THREE MONTHS

General Bell had served only three
 months as commander of the department
 when he was assigned to take command
 If the Seventyseventh national army division at Camp Upton. He was ordered to France in December, of that year. for observation and remained abroad three months.
 Although General Bell trained the Sew enty seventh, he was not permitted to lead it to France for the medical board. which examined him, found his physical condition such that he was not fitted, for active service in the field and he was relieved of the command in May of last year He remained at Camp Upton for sometime, however. and then was reappointed to take command of the eastern department.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
Zimmerman Receives Orders

BY Nss0cIated Pfess
 Cleveland, Ohio. January 8.-Brig Gen. Charles X. Zimmerman, formerly in com mand of the Seventy-third brigade. Thirty seventh division, in France, home on leave since Friday. today received orders from General March, chief of staff. to report at Camp Beanregard. La.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
WILSON INVITED
 TO VISIT WARSAW
. Associated Press

Zurich. January S.-The munici- pal council of Warsaw has ex- tended an invitation to President Wilson to visit the Polish capital, according to dispatch received here.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
REPRESENTATION QUESTION

It has been agreed that the first matter to be considered at the meeting of President Wilson and the premiers will be the representation to be accord ed the powers seeking participation in the peace congress.
 Then must come the question of a league of nations. which is regarded as the foundation upon which must be erected the whole structure of per- manent peace treaty and the adjust ment of boundaries to meet conditions after the war. The next subject to engage attention. as next in import t- ance. is the neutraliza ton of interna- tional waterways, having especially in mind the Dardanelles and perhaps the Scheldt and the Danube Littoral
 Probably next among the foremost subjects to receive attention will be use of the high seas. It may be sig nificant that this phrase now Is being adopted instead of the older freedom to ascertain in what distinction is to of the seas.' but it is not yet possible consist
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
WILL
 AID IN FORMING
 NEW GOVERNMENT
Great Musician Believed to Be Able to Consolidate All Parties in
 Poland
Ry Associated Press

Warsaw, Monday, January 6.
 Ignace Jan Paderewski, who is in
 Poland as representative of
 American Poles, fs expected to re-
 turn to Warsaw today from CracOw
 and take part in the formation of n
 new ministry, the socialist govern
 ment of General Pilsudski having
 been weakened somewhat as the
 result of the attempted coup d'etat
 Sunday by the conservatives and
 liberals.
 Present plans are for a new ministry in which there will be only three so- cialists The ministry will have ma tionaI character, with four members from Posen, four from Galicia and eight from Russian Poland.
 Reports are that neither the friends of General Pilsudski nor the national Polish committee in Paris will be per mitted to predominate in the cabinet.
 In view of the fact that MT. Pade- rewski has declared himself to be a friend of the workmen and the peas ants it is declared by his friends he will be able to consolidate all parties in Poland and secure for the new min istry recognition by the allies as well as to prevent a united front against the bolsheviki Since his visit here those friendly to Paderewski declare that in addition to being a patriot and mu- sician, he has shown qualities of states manShip
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
GENERAL BELL DIES SUDDENLY; VICTIM OF HEART DISEASE Commander of Department of the East Dead in New York Presbyterian
 Hospital
By Associated Press

New York, January S.--Maj.-Gcn.
 J. Franklin Bell. commander of the
 department of the east, died to-
 night at the Presbyterian hospi-
 tai In this city.
 His death was due to heart disease. lie was taken to the hospital three days ago fer observation but it was not realized that his condition was serious and his death came as a complete surprise. Gen eral Bell was 63 years old
 General Bell was a West Pointer of the class of 1878 and during his 40 years in the army had many difficult assign ments. As lieutenant he participated in some of the hardest fighting in the Indian campaigns. He was a first lieu tenant in the Seventh cavalry when part of that famous regiment fought the bat tie of Wocnded Knee in December 1890.
 At the beginning of the Spanish war Bell was promoted to the rank of major. He sailed from San Francisco for Ma nila on June 15 1898, and took a promi- nent part in the Philippines campaign. One of his exploits was to swim out into the harbor and around the Spanish for tificatlons to get information which could not be obtained in any other way.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-09
ARRANGEMENTS FOR PEACE CONFERENCE
 ARE ASSUMING FORM
President Now Has Personal Knowledge of Views of
 Some of Premiers on Subjects
By A,.oejsted Press

Paris. January S.-Mnny import
 ant questions concerning the ar-
 engagement of the programme for
 the peace conference. which have
 been In process of solution, prob
 ably will soon be adjusted ns n
 result of President Wilson's return
 to Paris. The President now has
 personal knowledge of the views of
 some of the premiers on these sub-
 jects and he has supplemented 1t
 by his observation during his trip
 to Italy.
 The President during his trip to Eng land and Italy kept in close touch witt the members of the American peac, delegation in Paris and it is eviden from the expressions of officials tha the settlement of various matters vii progress more rapidly from now on
 The Presidents informal talk witf with the attitude of Premier Clemen ceau and Lord Robert Cecil regarding league of nations The conference gave the President fresh information concerning their views and today Col onel House and Secretary Lansing con ferred with Lord Robert, who is thu British authority on a league of ma tions. So it may be regarded as cer tain that the programme is makint progress and that in few days matter. will be in shape for the first steps O f