The sun., 1919-06-22

moved by no interest or wish to intrude
upon or interfere with the political pol
Icy or International administration of
any foreign State ana by no existing or
anticipated dangers In the Affairs Of the
American continentH. but sccedes to the
wish of the European States that It shall
toin fts power 10 theirs for the preserva-
ton OF general peace. the Senate con-
ssnts 10 the ratification Of tho said
treaty e1cepttng Article X, Aforesaid,
with the understanding that nothing
therein contained shall DO construed to
imply q relinouishment by the United
Statss OF America OF its traditional attl-
tude toward purely American questions
or to require the submission Of its poll
Icy regarding questions which Il deems
to be purely American questions to the
decision or recommendation OF other
PowerR
Following OF Precedent.
This reservation and these expres-
stons Of understanding srs In accord
snce with long established precedent In
the making Of 6eatieR. When innlrd ed
N the instrument OF ratification they will
not require y reopenine of negotiations,
but II mono Of the other signatories az
prersly objects to the ratification with
such limitations the treaty stands ss
limited between the United States and
the other Powers
'If any doubt were entertained as to
she effect OF such action the doubt could
be readily dispslled by calling upon the
four other principal Powers represented
in the council to state whether they do
in fact object to the entrance of the
United States into the league with the
NfY16 Dr N nA trRaa ~
IN the resolution
AS to these limiting clauses I wish IN
say somethlng further. As to Article Y A.:
First. 1t Is not an essential or even
an appropriate part OF the provisions
for q League of Nations to preserve
peace. It Is an Independent and In
definite alliance which may involve the
parties to It In war against Powers
which have in every respect complied
with the provisions Of the League Of
Peace. It was not included in Gen.
SHUTS plan. the provisions OF which
have been reproduced almost textualty
In the league covenant. 1t stands upoa
its own footing as an independent al
lance for the preservation OF the status
quo.
Second. II we agree to this article Il
Is extremely probable that we shall be
unable to keep our Agreement Making
war nowadays depends upon the gsn-
uine sympathy OF the people of tho coun-
try - the time when tho war has to be
ar VI on. The people OF the United States
certainly will not DO willing ten years
or twenty years hence to send their
young men to distant parts Of the world
to hsht for causes IN which they may
net believe or in which they have little
or no interest. II that is the attitude
Of the people when we are hereafter
called upon to wage war under Article
Y. no general indefinite agreement made
years before will make them disposed to
fight. And we shall be IN about the
worst position possible OF having made
an agreement and not keeping II.
Our people ought not to be forced into
such position and we ought not to
force them into such position.
The recount controversies over tie
disposition Of Klao- Chau and OF FIume
illustrate very we'll the way In which
territorial arrangements are likely to be
made in councils of the great Powers
controlled by expedisncy. l would not
vote to bind our country TO 60 into q
war in years to come in defence OF those
arrangements
Against Vague Obligation.
III It Is necessary for the security OF
western Europe that We should agree to
90 TO the support say, OF France. IL at
tackled, let us agree to do that particular
thing plainly so that every man and
woman In the country will understand
the honorable obligation We are assum-
ing. am in favor OF that But let us
not wrap up such q purpose in a vague
universal obligation under the impress
sion that It really does not mean any,
thing likely to happen.
"Third-It IL reported that Switzer-
land is much disturbed over the invita-
ton to join ths League OF Nations and
wishes TO preserve her neutrality. be-
cause her people ere partly French,
partly German and partly Italian, and
she wishes to keep out Of all quarrels
which may involve those nationalities
In this country tho census OF 1910
showed that 35 per cent. (more than
one-third) OF our people were of for
eign birth or the children OF foreign
parents We can call upon these people
to stand by America in all American
luarrels, but how can we control their
sympathies and their action II America
interferes in foreign quarrels and takes
sides In those quarrels against the
countries TO which they are attached by
tradition and sentiment?
How can we prevent dissension and