davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16

it is no trif1e to the government. That
extra cent on letters and postcards in-
creased the postofice revenues s126,-
100000 in less than two years.
You paid it. Everybody paid it.
though some naturally paid more than
others. 1t bore with special weight
on business concerns that use the
mails freely for correspondence and
advertising.
1t resulted in some useful improve
ments and reforms, such as stopping
the wasteful old practice of always
sending receipts for small payments,
even when they are made by checkj,
which, when endorsed, are good
enough receipts for anybody. It also
stopped the cluttering Of the mails
with some useless correspondence.
But in the main, it was a tax on use
full communication and thus tax on
and constructive business.
So it is we'll abolished.
The government still needs money.
but it can raise it better in some
other way-for example, in the form
Of taxes accruing from the profits on
business due to lower post
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16
GERMAN SHAME.

Ali Germany is still whining about
the shame" of the peace treaty as
if it were a disgrace inflicted on Ger
many by outside powers.
1t is an abuse Of words. The Ger
man dramatist Grillparzer, as Max
Harden reminds his fellow-country-
men, wrote truly: II know only one
shame on earth, and that is to do
wrong"
The shame lies in the crimes COM
mitted by the German government
and the German army with the en-
thusiastic support Of the German ma
ton. What Germany is enduring
now is merely the logical consequence
of those crimes. And if the Germans
showed any moral appreciation OF
the horrors and injustices they COM
mitted, if they were really and hear
tily ashamed of their deeds, that in
itself would do much to wipe out the
shame and win them some respect.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16
AID FOR THE INDUSTRIALLY
WOUNDED.

Four thousand American men suf-
fered amputations as a result Of their
war service The annual toll in Amer
lean industrial plants is $4,000.
The so-called reconstruction of the
manned was the topic Of much con-
versation during the war, and has
been since its conclusion Careful
study has been made of the subject.
Great Improvements in the construc-
ton of artificial limbs have been
made, machinery has been especially
designed for the use of the crippled,
old industries have been adapted and
new ones developed to help these
wounded patriots back to their places
among the normal ones of earth.
Nobody cotld wish that it should
be otherwise, for our debt TO these
men is great. But ~assuredly our in
dustrial army, which presents so
many more cases needing the same
sort of aid, should also reap the bene-
fits of al this increased knowledge.
The development Of public and pri-
vate organizations to extend the work
among our crippled soldiers of indus
try is one Of the most urgent duties.
Tn every walk of life the preyen-
ton of accident should have first con-
sideration but as long as human kind
is human, accidents still will happen,
and to their unfortunate victims ey-
cry modern aid should be accessible.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16
LOOKING BACKWARD.

Somebody has dug up a letter writ
ten to a man in Hartford, Conn, in
1920, by a pioneering brother who had
settled in Ohio 1t contains this inter-
esting reference to the liquor situation
of that period:
''Whiskey is the principal drink
used in all this western country, and
is drunk in great abundance. The
principal reason of this, probably, is
the want of market for their. sur
plus quantity Of grain, which induces
the inha abitants to convert it into whis-
key, which is very cheap in conse-
quence.'
There seems to have been little
problem about it in those days. 1t
was evidently not thought of as a
moral problem or efficiency problem.
They wanted something to drink; they
had more grain than they could cat
or sell. so they made their surplus into
whiskey and drank the whiskey.
This experience was duplicated in
many parts Of the United States in
the early days-and to some .ztent
in the days not so early.
The whiskcy of that time was evi-
dently not the potent stuff to which
the present generation has been ac-
customed. It was probably more like
the Southern "moonshine," which is
commonly said to be drunk ''ty the
tumblerful," without the consequences
that would result from such consunp-
ton of the usual high-proof whiskey
of commerce Still, it had it's effect.
With all the virtues posed by those
pioneering ancestors, sobriety hard
ly ranked as high among them as it
has among their descendants Of re-
cent decades And they would have
been amazed at the prophetic sugges-
tion that their grandchildren and
great grandchildren would pronounce
alcohol an intolerable evil.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16

property in this neighborhood will
agree to do the same. The clerk was
directed to see all Of these parties and
get them to sign an agreement tor DO
this and then to advertise the jail
property for sale and invite sealed
bids preserving the right to reject
any or all bids.
An application was received from
W. ]. Brunson for admission to the
almshouse. The application was re-
ferred to Commissioner Britton for in
vestigation and report. Reqmsit1on
was received from the almshouse for
material for clothing, which was
authorized. An APPLICATION from Su-
perintendent Nunnamaker of the
Almshouse for an increase in per
diem rate for inmates, based
on the increased cost of all necessa-
ries The Board made the per diem
per inmate so cents.
Clerk reported that brokers were
interested in buying per cent road
improvement bonds at par and it
was moved. and carried that these
bonds be sold to the highest bidder
requiring peI CSAC OSpOSAc
The Auto Race Track Association
requested the use Of one road crew
to assist in getting track in condition
for traces on July 4. This was granted
and the county engineer was directed
70 render bill to association for SER
vices. q.
The board directed that the cotton
weighers purchase the scales neces-
sary. The present rate of pay for
weighing to be continued until the
prices of labor declines.
Letter was received from Mr.. j. L
Respess, certified public accountant,
as to the auditing Of the books Of the
county. Action on this was deferred.
APPLICATION was received from Mr..
H. 3. Boykin for recommendation Of
board for reappointment as rural po-
liceman. The board endorsed this
application and directed the clerk.to
advise the governor accordingly.
Letter was received from County
Superintendent of Education, Hayns-
worth. asking that certain school
districts be authorized to make tenn
porarly loans in anticipation of col.
.ection of school taxes. This was.
authorized.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16

University of Wisconsin. The conf
mon features Of all of them are living
room, dining-room, kitchen;S Slaundry,
office and lavatory on the first floor.
The best of them is SO arranged that
besides the front entrance into q hall
between living-room and dining-roor,,
so that each is protected from open
ing doors and muddy boots. there is
also an entrance from a rear porch
into a passage connecting with Il
cross hail. This permits the farm
hand to enter, wash up, talk business
or rest few moments in the Office,
and go to the dining-room or screen
ed porch for his meal without passing
through living-room, kitchen or laun-
dry. The advantages Of this arrange
nent to any woman who does house
work will be obvious. There is home
privacy, business efficiency and mini
mlZe0 laOOr.
That running water and a central
heating plant are called for in al
these plans goes without saying. NO
modern farmer will consider a house
without these things.
The new generation of farmers 5
wives will not endure the hardsllips
which used to be considered as the
inevitable accompaniment of farm life.
Nor should they. With reasonable ar
rangements for financing, good hous-
ing is as easy to secure as bad, ana
in the long run far more economical
as we'll as desirable.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16
90
: BROAD WAGON TIRES.

Wisconsin, like several other States,
does not propose to build a lot OF
fine roads and then have them all cut
np by narrow wagon tires. A highway
trafhc act has just been enacted
which. after July 10, 1920, will bar
the sale of the two-inch- tired farm
wagon.
Ruggies, drawn by horses and for
pleasure uses and holding less than
eight people may still use the narrow
tires but three inches or over is the
legal width. for heavier conveyances.
Tt is interesting to see the legal
measures for keeping roads in good
condition keep pace with the iri-
pSosement of the roads themselves.
The rarrow-tired, heavy vehicle is ons
of the worst road cutters known.
Heavyswagons are hard enough upon
raads at best, and now that every
highway is liable to the destruction
inevitably resulting from the use of
motor trucks, every possible precau-
ton must be taken to prevent un-
necessary damage.
Judged by the standard Of working
both ways, the wide-tire measure is
good rule, for the broad wheel
which does not cut the road also
makes hauling easier.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16
THE NEW FARM HOUSE.

One Of the great advances in the
near future is in the type of residence
to be built upon the farm The old
type of house, reared in the cheapest,
quickest way because of necessity,
added to in spots as prosperity per-
mitted. was never satisfactory to any
one. The new type is to be not mere
ly shelter and crude cookhouse,
but place where living may be COM
fortably conducted.
The Country Gentleman publishes
group of plans which are competing
for the privilege Of being used for a
model Farmhouse" to be built at the
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16
.-.ANMYyaR
THE WATChMAN AND SOUTHRON, JULY 10 1919

If allowed to remain, crowds out OF
the pasture the life giving, food
producing grass and eventually drives
the animals to starvation; forces its
way into fields of grain, spelling the
harvest and occupying space which
should be used to grow food.
"Booze-if allowed to remain
drives not cattle but men. women and
innocent children to starvation. The
'daisy-wearing man takes the grain
which God gives us to use as the staff
of life,' and makes of it the curse of
life -
Over against this arraignment might
be set the testimony of Chaucer, the
father of English poetry" who wrote,
500 years ago, in his "Legende Of Fair
Women"
"Of allie the houres in the mede,
Than love I most these .f1oures white
and rede
Such as men callen dayseyes in our
toun.
So glad am I, whan that I have pres
ence
Of it, to doom it ale reverence,
AS she that is Of allie floures flour.
Fulfilled of all vertue and honour,
And ever like faire and fresshe of
hewe.
Alias, that Inc had English, ryme or
prose,
Suffisant this -four to preyse aryght!"
So the reader may take his choice.
Perhaps. though. no choice is really
necessary. Perhaps they are both
right. The modern feminine critic was
speaking from the viewpoint of util-
ity, the poet from the viewpoint of
art.
Still, it is rather hard to harmonic
the two estimates-just as it is to
harmonic the opposite estimates Of
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16
THE PEACE TREATY.

The peace treaty is now formally
and officially before the country for
approval or rejection. 1t is the big
gcst, most complex and comprehen-
sive treaty ever negotiated in the his
tory Of the world. It deals with more
nations, touches more different sets Of
interests and phases Of life and at
tempts to solve more problems than
any other half-dozen treaties taken to-
gether.
Being so big and complicated a doc
umeni, it is difficult for even the most
expert lawer or statesman to grasp in
all it's bearings and it's endless detail.
1t may safely be said that no man liv-
ing, not even any Of the three men
who had most to do with shaping it,
know all about the treaty.
But the nation is not greatly con-
cerned, and need not be, with details
and ramifcations. The nation is in
terested mainly in the few big prin-
ciples involved, and in finding Out
whether the terms as worked out at
Paris measure up to those principles
and are likely to insure their applica-
ton to international affairs hereafter
These, fortunately. are things few in
number, capable of being stripped Of
detail and diplomatic Technology and
made understandable by any man or
woman who is gifted with ordinary
intelligence and will take the trouble
to use it.
Discussion up to this time, in the
United States senate and elsewhere,
but especially in the senate, has been
in many respects confusing rather
than Illuminating. The document was
not in final Sorm. Some things bitter
~ criticised or warmly praised have
been changed Or eliminated. The
treaty is virtually rewritten. Moreover,
there has been entirely too much po-
litical partisanship displayed.
The presentation of the official text
to the senate opens a new deal. Pre-
vious discussion may well be disre-
garded. The question is, "nat do the
American people think. now, Of the
treaty which the representative of the
allied powers have drawn up. and
which Germany has ratified.
Of course it is not perfect. OF
course it has many defects. Of course
it leaves some things unsettled. Quite
possibly it containues many injustices
Possibly it creates some new ones. No
wise man expects perfection, where
so much is attempted. The question
up for decision is whether this treaty,
including its ambitious project for a
League of Nations, is as good a treaty
as it was possible to make under ex-
isting conditions, and whether it seems
to offer fair prospect of accomplish
ing the purposes desired by the peo-
pie of the United States?
Every citizen owes it to himself and
his country to study the treaty,
through all the means accessible,
open-mindedly, without partisan or
racial or sectional bias, until he ar
rives at a conclusion which satisfies
him, and which he is prepared to ex-
plain and defend. If this is done,
there need be no doubt about the
nation deciding rightly, and the SEN
ate registering that decision
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16
EAT MORE BEEF." ,"

The Department of Agriculture
urges the public to eat more meat.
especially beef. The appeal is made
for the benefit Of the cattle industry.
The cattle men are said to te
threatened with ruin because of the
sudden change in market conditions
cansed by the end of the war. Dur
ing the war years, under the stimulus
of. an abnormal demand abroad,
Arueric,,n herds were greatly .incrcas-
ed. 1t was made possible to export
last year nearly soc, 100000 pounds OF
beef. about. four times as much as the
1914 exports, without depicting the
national supply of live stock. In fact,
the.herds seem to have kept right on
increasing.
NOW the. export demand has sud-
denly fallen off. Europe is getting
beef from Australia and South Ameri-
ca though it still demands American
pork. Thus there is much more
beef than usual available for the do-
mestic market.
Tie domestic demand, however, re-
mains below normal. There are two
reasons for this. One is continuance
of, the self-denial practiced during
the war. from patriotic motives. Mill
lions Of people have an impression
that they ought to keep on saving
meat. though the need of that has
passed.
The other reason is the continuance
ofNhigh prices. It is no use to ask the
public to increase its beef consump-
ton very much as long as the beet
costs as much as it does at present.
The same statement in which the
Department of Agriculture asks for
increased consumption shows the in
justice of these prices. Federal in-
vestigators have found that while the
cattle-raisers are getting about 25
per cent less for their cattle than
they got four months ago, and have
no ready sale at that rate, and while
wholesale prices for beef have drop
ped to almost the same extent, retaii
prices have not gone down more than
10 per cent on the average, and n
many cases have actually risen.
1t looks, therefore, as if the retail
ers are to blame for situation unfair
alike to the heef-producers and beef
consumers. II they will lower their
prices in, harmony with wholesale
prices, the public demand will be
stimulated and cattle-raisers will be
encouraged to remain in the business
and keep up their herds.
The packers, too, can undoubtedly
help; for. largely by the device ot
raising the price of hides about CO
per cent since March l. they are said
to be making more money than ever
on their beef.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16
TWO-CENT POSTAGE.

The war-rates on first-class mail
matter have now been lowered, and
letters may be mailed for two cents
an ounce. as formerly. Postcards are
likewise reduced from two cents to
the old one-cent rate.
It may seem a trivial thing Many
people say they care little what the
letter rate is-they spend so small a
part of their income on postage. But
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16
Destroy Enemy Insects.

Washington, July 9.-July is the
month to kill enemy insects says a
statement from the American Forestry
Association. Charles Lathrop Pack,
president of the association, estimates
he annual feast of enemy insects
costs this country $500,000,000. To
check this annual feed the association
makes these suggestions for July:
Spray fruit trees with bordeaux
lead. Spray elms for elm leaf beetles
with arsenate of lead, one pound to ten
gallons of water. Spray for forest
tent caterpillars with arsenate of lead
1Sane proportion) Spray tussock
motr -autt other lead eating insects
with arsenate of--eadh (san2e proper
tion)
"If woolly aphis is found on under
side of beech tree leaves spray with
whale oil soap. one pound to ten gal
Ions of water. Use the same combi-
nation on the red spider that may be
found on PROSTATE jumpers. yew, and
box. The sycamore blight may be
found in the shape of white wooliy
mass on the under side of leaves
causing them to curl and wilt. Get
the bordeaux mixture in proportions
of one pound to eight gallons Of wa
ter
"A good way to destroy caterpillars
is to drive carpet tacks part way into
a long stick end. Catch your web at
highest point and start turning in
until you have the web then plunge
into any liquid that will kill them.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16

BEEHuyEs AND SUPPLIES-I have
lately received a few Georgia made
hives and fnmes-S and 10 frame
size. Also on hand sections and
foundation for comb honey. N. G.
Osteen. $40 W. Hampton Ave.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16

WANTED-To haul your tobacco to
Sumter. Any quantity. For rates
Phone 372-J. Parrish Dray Line.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16

Last year woman spent one dol
lar for seeds, so cents for plowins
and another dollar for a load of ma
nure for her 40 foot backyard gar
den. In that garden she raised plenty
of vegetables for her family Of five
for summer use with enough left over
to can $50 pints of vegetables for her
winter supply. This summer she ex-
poets to make a better record still.
= 4
"Rioting for food" as the Italians
are doing in many Of their cities, may
serve to appease hunger temporarily,
but it doesn't increase the food supply.
What is needed in Italy and in every
other country whose resources are de-
pleted by the war is for the people to
settle down to productive work and
for the public authorities to give them
intelligent help and direction,
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-07-16

Still, it is rather hard to harmonic
the two estimates-just as it is to
harmonic the opposite estimates Of
The Big Stone Gap post. [volume] (Big Stone Gap, Wise County, Va.) 1892-1928, 1919-02-26
LOCAL ITEMS.

= Mr. and Mrs. r. f. Taggart
and children spent Sunday af.
ternoon in Norton with Mr.. and
Mrs. j k. Taggar,.
Miss aggie Mancss, of
Wyndale. who is visiting
her sister, Mrs. w. l.. Saxton
In the Touraine flats, has re
covered from influenza.
DR.. Karl Stoehr has been
spending few days in Cincin
natl on business.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. S. Beverly
went over to Bristol Tuesday
morning.
Miss Florence Mccormick left
last week for Carlisle, Pa. where
she will spend some time visit.
ing relatives.
Herbert Littlewood, of near
Pittsburg, Pa, spent the week.
end in the Gap, the guest of
Capt. Henry Taylor.
Mr., and Mrs. c. l.. Hamblen,
MIR. and Mrs. Crockett Humblen.
j. B. Collier and two daughters,
MIR. and Mrs. George Taylor
and Mrs. Eliza j. Barron spent
Sunday in the Cove with J.K.P.
Barron, who has been i'll for
some time.
Mrs. L. w. Lewis, who for
the past few months has been
in the Navy in Washington
/ CITY, returned last Thursday to
tho home Of her parents, MIR
and Mrs Il. H. Rhoads, in the
Gap.
Mrs. Patrick came to the Gap
last week, where her son, Guy
Patrick, has positson with the
| Stonega Coke ~ Coal Company
They have rented apartments
in the Touraine flats, where
they will make their home,
Mrs IL. w. Gillian returned
to her home in tho Gap after a
several days visit to relatives in
the eastern part Of the state.
Fancy select oysters at Paul's
Cafe.
Hubert Potter, of Norton, aud
Watt Green, of Wise, spent a
few hours in town Sunday
afternoon.
John T. Summers, Jr., of Alb
lngdon, was business visitor
in town Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. f. c. Harr, of
Bristol, spent Saturday and
Sunday in the Gap visiting
friends.
Joseph L, Orr was mp from
Pennington Gap Saturday ON
| business.
Ulysses Scott, who has been
serving with the army in
France for the past eight
months, returned home here
Sunday afternoon.
Nr ana AIS L To
and two little sons, OF Norton,
left this week for Florida, where
Mrs. Taggart and the little BOYS
will spend several weeks.
AIissas Mobal co;no
,,. ~ seTe Hin"ei NaiheS ana
The Big Stone Gap post. [volume] (Big Stone Gap, Wise County, Va.) 1892-1928, 1919-02-26
Junior Auxiliary Christ Epis-
copal Churh.

This week the children will
take a trip to China to see what
the needs are for missionary
workers over there, and what
the missionaries are doing for
the native people.
Touraine Apartments, this af-
ternoon at $3.50, old lime, with
Mr.. and Mrs. Bliss.