davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

more concrete. The farm laborers are com
ing into their own, and while all arc not
yet housed, q great number of them per-
haps majority have solid and, in many
cases, most artistic little houses, with
STABLE plots of ground, for which they pay
but one shilling week in rent. The farm
laborer is better off in ireland than in
America. 1t is true that he commonly gets
but thirty shillings week, but his house d,
ono shilling is infinitely better than the
average American farmhouse; he can raise
nearly all his vegetables and food for
his livestock, and if we consider that he can
have employment through ifty-two weeks of
the year if he desires it, because of the
mildness of hc Irish winter tho American
must be laid off during the coolest months
then perhaps he actually gets higher
wages on the annual reckoning. Certainly
he is given greater purchasing power than
his American brother-hs wage means
more. And in educational facilities rural
Ireland does not seem moro backward than
rural America
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
Sugar MINIS
Burned

Thus far comedy Of errors, the insur-
reetioh had gained sufficient forcs to be-
come dangerous, The Liberals assumed
that they were being backed by the United
States until a proclamation issued by the
American Minister in Havana undeceiyed
them, and 1T was then too late.
LaWess elements in the central as we'll
as the eastern portion of the island had
taken the field, and were demonstrating
their patriotism in the simplest and most
effective manner, looting towns, robbing
plantations and setting fire to cane fields
and mills. The cheapest sort of sugar
mill these days costs million dollars to
build, and can be destroyed by single
wax vesta in the hand of man who knows
how to use it, and these Liberal patriots
did
Tho outcome of the insurrection was
never for moment in doubt
The naval authorities reversed orders on
the recognition of the de facto governor
of Orientc
The marines ceased to fraternize with
Liberal patriots.
The Presidential by-elections were held
at the appointed time, and as the Liberal
patriots we're out burning sugar mills, the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

Santiago was the Upmann Of Eastern Cuba.
Having lived in the Province of Oriente
nearly twenty years, he knew everybody
and had his finger in every pie. He was
even president of the Santiago Cuban
American Chamber of Commerce." and as
such looked upon as an American by the
import and export interests there Otto
Relmer, former American Consul to San
tiago, spoke of him as "the one man who
knew Oriente," and Mr. Reimer's successor
was constantly in his company.
Oriente, being remote from the seat Of
government, the natural terrain for an
uprising, especially as it was the strong
hold of the Liberal party.
SO in January, 1917, dock strike started
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
How Menocal Kept His Place as
President Despite German
lntrigues

been reelected by a safe margin Owing
TO difference in the election system, al
though the result was known definitely in
the case of Messrs. Wilson and Hughes
three days after the polls closed, a posi-
tive statement concerning Cuba was impos-
slble, owing to contests in certain districts
and by-elections in others. General Memo
cal could only say that he had no desire
to hold office except at the mandate of the
people, and that he would exert all his at
thor1ty to secure an honest count
The Liberal leaders, who had opposed
General Menocal with DR.. Alfredo Zayas,
Vice-President of the republic during the
Presidency Of Jose Miguel Gomez at once
raised the cry of fraud, and began an agi-
tatioh with the object Of securing the in
tervention of the United States. The cleo
ton cases continued to drag in the courts
Although Cuba vas 1000 miles away from
tho war, the situation was not without in
terest to Downing Street or Wilhelm
strasse. Later Mr. 1Toover's busy pres,
agent was to tell Americans "Suear Will
Win tho War" and If this was not alto.
gether true 1t was uhdeniabv true that all
Europe felt eluttonous interest in tho
country which grows half the worlds sugar
crop.
Cuba was honeyeombed In those days
with German intrigue
And German financial interests were
strong,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
The Farce, Mingled With Tragedy,
lin Which American Marines
4 Had Part

OF Cuba hung in the balance. Having cried
fraud for months, the Liberal patriots took
the field without waiting for the election,
the two army officers arrested the Cover
nor Of Oriente in his palace, and, installing
themselves in his place, sent him to the
Jail where he should have incarcerated
them.
The Austrian Consul, in his capacity of
president of the "Cuban-American Cham
Der of Commerce" sent an appeal to Pres
ident Wilson to intervene.
The American Consul declined to send
reports to the American Legation or to
take orders from the American Minister.
Marines were ordered from Hayti to re-
inforce those at the Guantanamo naval
station, and the United States flag was
soon flying from the hills above Santiago
Then somebody in the navy blundered
The American forces recognized the de
facto military governor of Oriente, instead
Of setting free the imprisoned governor de
jure. Tho American forces turned back
Cuban naval vessels which came to fe-taks
the city, and finally issued n general warn
Ing against armed forces attempting to
cross the borders of Oriente, thus prevent
Ing the Legitimate government from assert
ing it's authority.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

there have always been moro people want
ing jobs in Dublin and in all the other
cities Of Ireland than there were jobs Bel
fast during the war has been full of work,
but the common condition of that industrial
centre is also to have surplus of workers.
but in Belfast the workers are skilled, while
in the other parts of the country they are
unskiled.
All political programmes of the past have
turned upon the holding of the land by the
tllers as the economic bait, with Home
Rule within tho empire az the emotional
bait-for no political party ever gets any
where in Ireland or any other country UNI
less it promise to provide food for both
the stomach and the mind. The groups in
Ireland which for years past have chung
to the standard of republic have never
had any great following, except when they
happened to make their rIsings coincide
with an economic need. When the farmers
were able to buy their own land, and civic
tions, rent raisings, and the like became
thing of the past, the force of Homo Rule
was lost, for it lost its economic appeal and
had left only the appeal to history Irish
independence became an academic subject in
""lcn All were Interested 10 large degree,
but for which only few highly emotional
persons were willing to fight. AS a farmer
said so me:
awe have our land and good living,
even if VIC do not much money. The
landlords gone. Some Of them were
bad and wcrc good, but how can |
help my children and myself by fighting
about something which happened years ago?
We are not treated fairly BY England to-day.
and If u republic will help ue. am for n
republic; but If republic means Tint we
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

The head Of the German money power
was Hermann Upmann, member of all in
fuential banking family in the Vaterland,
and, except for his avowed Teutonic SYM
pathies, likable sort. The Upmanns had
been cigar manufacturers and bankers in
the Spanish period, and were outwardly
loyal to the Cuba. And Hermann Up
mann, almost Cuban himself, was devo-
tee Of sport, clubman, heavy investor
in every new enterprise. If money were
needed for a new sugar mill and the banks
held back, Hermann Upmanns purse was
open. If the rail interests required funds
for expension, Upmann saw a sound in
vestment while other men were thinking it
over. He the private banker of nearly
every public man in Cuba, not excepting
President Menocal himself.
The Teuton diplomatic and consular
forces, the German business houses in all
parts of the island, relied upon Upmanns
judgment in many, if not most, matters
In small way the Austrian Consul to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
The Labor Problem

The labor problem in Cuba. while
requiring earnest study and tactful
handling, has not been accompanied
by the serious tendencies character
lstlc OF a like movement in Turone
and the greater part Of America. and
the wave Of Bolshovsnl, which Ia
probably one CT tho most unfortunate
and regrettable legacies of the war.
has not, so far, made It's influence felt
In Cuba, except In isolated instances
by mn occasional oratorieaI oiitbirst
from some foreign agitator who
makes his living by stirring up the
passions of worlmen, whom he tries
to persuade that the only way in
which they can better their lot is by
paying him an enormous salary to 90
around the country making incendiary
speeches and provoking walkouts.
Our strikes have generally origi-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

IN Santiago which proved very troublesome
The demands of the 'Iongshoremen were
not unreasonable, but the president of the
"Cuban- American Chamber of Commerce"
felt that a principle was involved upon
which he could not yield, and prevented
settlement.
An American newspaper man conveyed
the information to the American Consul
that New York German house was about
to smugglc through cargo of rifles ard
ammunition destined either for Santiago
or Port -au-Princc. The president of the
Chamber of Commerce was able in his
capacity as Austrian Consul to assure his
American colleague that this was a trhinS
matter.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

The idea of league of nations has
always occupied a prominent place in
the minds Of Latin-American states
men and thinkers, and among its
advocates in one form or another NAV
be counted Simon Bolivar, liberator
of whole continent; Jose Enrique
Rodo, eminent philosopher and think
er, and our own Jose Marti, the Apos-
tie Of Cuban liberty.
The subject is certainly one that
appeals to the heart and IMAGINATION
of all right-thinking men, and those
now gathered in Paris to insure q
return of the uch-longed-for dura-
bic peace can set themselves no
worthicr task. Certainly no man is
moro fitted than President Wilson to
be the exponent and champion of this
cause. lie has consecrated lifetime
to the pursuit Of an ideal. and the
hour seems not too far distant now
when the world may hope to reap the
results Of his efforts, even IL tenn
pered by tho political necessities and
economic difficulties Of tho moment.
Such Il league Of nations has the
warm approval and support Of all
Latn-Amefiean countries, particularly
Cuba, as it will tend to make war an
improbability and insure the continu
ance of peace based on just and
equitable conditions; above all, it will
guarantee to the small nations their
place in the concert of civilization
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
By L. J. de Becker

u.yANA. March 27.-Cuban politics really
49,. snv worse than our American brand
..,. IN quantity. But it Is on tap the
whols year, which leads to the formation
- 0vu habits As the only intoxicant Gu
,, nee to excess it is q fit subject for
s..;onal prohibition propaganda, but prohi-
,..;o. ia dreadful word to these people,
-. h.vs mot been independent long enough
:. .be to distinguish between liberty
.nd license. The present government is so
.ol.rsnt. indeed, that only the most fla
...rt eases OF personal abuse are rebuked,
and II politicians would confne themselves
- statistical lies, economic lies or lies in
,hs abstract they might say what they
nlssss with impunty. Certain lies are in
r.n,sd exclusively for export consumption,
and there is junta in New York, with
,.uiacations in Washington and elsewhere,
,sbich attends to distribution in the United
states
Tho finest specimen Of the lie personal
..at;,;.sl exnortod from Havana In several
var. wss being spread abroad when I left
Nav York and may by now have got
,a.o orint. II represented, not without
.oms eireumstantiality Of detail, that Pres
ldsnt Meneeai was actually hand in glove
with the Germans throughout the war, and
that In this disleyslty TO tho United States
hs WAS aided and abettsd In every way by
William Y. Gonzales. tho American MiniH.
ter to Cubs, Knowing both gentlemen and
having visited Cuba three times prior to
The entrance Of our country into war, the
last time largely for the purpose of dis
tributing French propaganda, | smiled at
this story. But perhaps | WAS wrong. The
average American feels IL sympathetic in
terest in this country, and thrill of pride
on thinking OF Uncle Sans share in the
War of Liberation, but if he knows the
Cuba Of to-day except as the island which
provides him with sugar and tobacco he is
not the average American.
To ask either the President or the Amer
lean minister to dignity this fabrication by
denial is unthnkable
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
Visiting ireland Like Exploring Vol

For instance, the County Council of Cork
not long since passed a resolution that
Ireland a free nation and owed al
leglance to no earthly power, but the next
business which they took up at that meet
ing was petition for the approval by the
Local Government Board of sundry enact
ments which they had made, ard they ended
the meeting with a strong petition to the
Crown for grant of money for something
or other.
Many of the most ardent Of the rank
and file of the Sim Feiners are drawing
out-of-work money from the British gov
eminent at the rate Of twenty nine shillings
week-whch happens to be just one
shilling less than they could earn by work
ing six days a week as farm laborers /
saw q long queue of them waiting at Car
low for their weekly stipend. 1t was rather
a cold day and they had been waiting quite
a while. I heard one Of them say:
"Sure and don't we earn it standing here
In the cold?"
Another surveying the assembly with a
critical eye, chimed in:
"And, indeed, small enough 1t is, CON
sidering the company you have to keep"
These were all perfectly able bodied men
who were out of work only because they
would rather take the allowance than work,
and they saw nothing homogeneous in deny
ing The rule Of England in one breath and
asking money from her in the next.
The Irish sense Of humor is purely OBJ
jectivc, which is probably one of the rea-
sons that the irish and the English SO
totally fail to understand each other; for
the 1rishman sees joke in every one
but himself, whc the Tngishnan does
see joke on himself but seldom on any
one else.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
By Samuel Crowther

r IRELAND is either very near to set
tlement of her troubles or very near
to the greatest uprising she has ever
known. For possibly the first time in
history there is something which might be
called an agreement of purpose in the
various parties and factions. Although
they express themselves in very different
formulas and have no agreement in words
Of modes, all the parties seem to have con-
Cured on one thing-the advancement Of
ireland. This is very significant to the
outsider, who has been accustomed to see
mat fair little land used only as weapon
u nate against England, or as an instru-
ment with which to carve out personal for
tunes.
Inc end Of Irish politics to-day Is Ire
'ahd' me animating force is love of coun-
Try and not nate of another country. The
'ieiano OF to-day is not brooding over past
lungs inc most extreme revolutionaries
~ "o' breathe fraction of the blood and
''SOgn'er which one may hear at any Irish
meeting in America. This new Ireland
1''' not forget the many wrongs Of onis-
S"i'i'nSiOn at the hands OF Eng
.a"'' out she Is not living in them; she
'' 'nem AZ examples Of administrative
.,y'"ssS to show that England never has,
sVs0 ROT nov, know how to govern the
Emily. New Ireland is Interested in pro-
."'ns sne economic and social welfare OF
nhd. All are united on that point.
al are determined that immediate
~ 'naii DO taken 70 promote it.
!" those steps are not taken there will be
u steps arc taken which they
+'''of 70 be ~ variance with those aims.
g.. splendidly organized rebellion will
- wv and this rebellion will have the
..ppor Of those who, in former years.
~, "'' eountenance an appeal ~ arms.
""s " my estimate Of the condtlln Of
t"a "'day, ms gained IT from travel
~ '"vo' the country, talking with rich
-. ~ poor, with political leaders and with
t., o'hn Ftiners, Unionista and Ma
a. ~,"s"' and that large body of voters,
q. D''y which holds the ultimate power
IT, r''p'e' Tho mass ~ the people, for
q, "ms being, are not Of my party, but
d.. '''en Tor Slim Fhin in order to see ~
xt... parry could get tho definite action
"a" nationalist pnrty did not ges.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

Conservatives, who stayed at home, had
the voting all their own way, and Presi-
dent Menocaps second term was assured
beyond the peradventure of doubt.
Readers to whom the details have given
are new will recall the defeat of the Lib
erals in the field and the capture of ex-
President Gomez, their commander in
chief.
The extreme lenieney of President Men
ocal is also known
Gomez was kept in prison for time,
then allowed to retire to his plantation
under guard; then his property, which had
been forfeited by armed rebellion, was
largely restored and he was permitted to
go to New York Even tho rebels in the
army were tenderly dealt with.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
The Belfast Strike
Il BOIShevik Movement

The official labor parties in and about
Belfast are not Bolshevik, but the unofficial
or anti-craft unions have there gained
great power, and the recent shipyard strike
was IN common with the Belfast strike,
bolsheyik movement. And whereas the
north and the south Of ireland were sup.
posed never to have anything in common
now they have among the workers a com
plete understanding OF hay social pro
grarnre which Is more powerful than their
former religious dferoncea.
Now comes the curious paradox OF The
present situation, out of which almost any
thing may spring. The original Sim Fein
pnrty was one of introspection: they were
students Of the Irish language who wanted
10 write poems, revive dances and get the
Gaelio bagpipe working on the old tunes
AS movement they were not essentially
political ut the outbreak of the war They
cid that mn independent Ireland WAS his
torically correct but only those VINO were
more caught by the note Of eternal, sscfi-
fetal sorrow than the motto Of Joy that runs
through Irish literature had any thought
Of attaining n republic by tho offering of
life. Padrsie Pearse, for cxampls, the
president Of the Irish republic Of 1916
the republic Of tho Easter Rising wanted
TO give his life for Ireland. His was purely
an emotional Offering and only incidentally
political-"What matter when for Erin dear
v fall"
That Easter Rasing-i have talked with
those who know it from the insidewas a
sordid thing. Il was engineered from New
York. and it had to be. because the so-called
Irish in New York could not otherwise keep
on getting money from the Germans Sir
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
Gays ne Is Snfing
on a Volcano

:. rs not an easy estimate "a make. for.
ssas =, rn''ost Of Trinity Collage, Dublin.
p.s, % ireland the inevitable never hap.
-. aa' tho 'TnpossIble always occurs"
w ,'"Sef OF the Local Government Board
MA. ~ wss sitting on volcano that
81 'afst infD eruption NJ any minute;
d, ID naa been sitting on that volcano
ssesu..'sv years and, although IL had
shss 's sfaDted, the particular crater on
8 ~ sat had not yet been in action.
A d ss beginning To think that perching
1r<.s.'.,nss really natural way N live.
~ ssaens for trouble do not Of neces-
ess,ss ssn trouble. Declarations arc not
= Dc taksn At their fsce values.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

Roger Easement had failed with his recruit
ing scheme in Germany, the New Yorkors
had failed with their peace societies and
munition embargo conspiracies, and they
had to show their German payrnasters some
thing to put on the previously blank vouch-
ers Sim Sem was against the rising as n
body, and the Sim Feners who went into
1t did so as individuals in an excess Of
enthusiasm. Part of those men went to
their death in the delusion that they were
helping Ireland, while others, especially
those under James Connolly, saw chance
to begin the class war. They took death
as bravely men could and without the
remotest notion that they were being used
as human vouchers for German money.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
Dublin and Cork
SfiU Have Their SIun7s

The case with the city man is different.
Dublin still has its slums, and so has Corky
and they arc as terrible as ever in spite of
the employment given by the war. When
visited the Dublin Stun sections-Mcath,
Mercer, York, Railroad Street and so on
there was about inch of slush on the
ground, yet saw more children barcfootcd
than shod, and what clothing they had was
20 worn and tattered as to make ono SILVER
in Il kind Of reflex way. The sums ire an
incident Of unemployment; in normal times
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

mated In the Interpretation Of the cur
rent relations between capital and
labor, abstract terms these that usu-
ally say too much or too little En-
ployers and workmen have, however,
always ended by coming to an under
standing on practical basis, leaving
aside untried, and usually impractical
BILE, theories. At the instance Of both
sides, the government, though ham
pered by lack of adequate legisla-
ton on the subject, has often inter
vened, generally with success, in the
settlement Of controversies. Never
has it been forced to take other than
customary police precautions to pre-
vent disturbances Of the public peace.
even in the recent unprecedented
general strike that, in nine out of ten
Of the large cities in either the Old
or inc new world, would have given
rise to lamentable occurrences.
1t may be opportune here to call
attention to the fact that during the
period Of tho duration of the war
Cuba had not single strike Of any
Importance. This speaks very highly
Of the Cuban workman's patriotism
and Is In favorable contrast with the
attitude assumed by certain elements
OF the labor classes in other coun~
tries who, with the enemy knocking
at their gates, might have been ex-
pected to await moro suspicious
moment to press their claims.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

Then the Governor OF the Province of
orlente received a code message from the
government at Havana warning him that
two army officers in Santiago were conspir
OF Cuba hung in the balance. Having cried
ing against the republic. The Governor
sent for these two officers. and. having
read the message to them, assured them Of
his complete confidence in their honor and
sent them aWav
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06
Air Filled
With Plots

The easiest method of refutaton is to
tell the story of what happened in Cuba
two years ago, as briefly as may be, for
the material is ample for history, for
tragedy and for comic opera.
The Cuban election of 1915, like that in
the United States, had been close. APP
parently, however, General Menocal had
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

Menocal's Message to America
BY MARIO C. MENOCAL

F7oS1daNt q the RepubZlc Of Cuba
without vexatious and unjust lirnita-
lions in their development as self
governing nationalities. 1 hope and
believe that present difficulties, mo-
mentarily in the way of the attain.
ment of such an end, will soon be
disposed of and that the inauguration
of the league will coincide with a now
era of glory and prosperity for all
the nations represented at the con
ference
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-04-06

cannot sell our produce to England, then
am against it. We are shipping 5000 head
OF fine cattle out of Dublin every week, and
ii we lose that market where are we?"