Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1919-01-02

i ~ 1 ut'Ntti WI liIobbi Z" .
TO a pulley worked by turning the wehel
The Noisin was the ancestor OF the
"pusher" a%irplanes.
Bleriot Brings Out Closed Type
In 1909 NJ. Louis Bleriot had been
experimenting with ~monoplanes, with
the engine in front of the machine,
with IL tractor screw in front of it. He
also made a closed body, with the tail
and elevator planes fixed horizontally,
and the rudder vertically at the rear
end. This was the first successful
tractor airplane as opposed TO the
"pusher."
It was in 1909 that NJ. Bleriot came
to the front. His TYPE ri" incorpor.
ated the Wright idea of Warping the
wings for lateral ontrol and so he pro,
duced the first airplane to be CONTROL
able in all directions. On the first of
this type, with a 20 horsepower An
Zani engine, M. Bleriot flew across the
English Channel on July %, 1909. Eek
actly the same design of machine, ex-
ttDl III Sll ichtIdl lie tiitt was lily
first to loop the loop in 1912. After
1909, with Gnome or LeRhone rotary
engines, the performance was greatly
improved, and several of the type We're
still in use early in the war.
The type was killed by the need for
high speed, for the Bleriot under-car.
riage could not be made so as to be
moved rapidly through the air.
In this monoplane, M. Bleiiot intro
duced The Stick form of control. in
which moving the control.stick forward
or backward moved the nose OF the ma
chine down or up. Moving it to the
right pushed the right wing down, NOV
ing it to the left pushed the left wing
down. The rudder was worked by the
feet. A natural movement was thus
given to all the controls,
In England, Mr.. A. ". Roe was ex.
during 1907-0S. He got off
the ground on a "canard'' type biplane |
In 1908, and in autumn he began to
build a tractor triplane. In June, 1909, |
he flew it on Lea Marshes. His engine |
'S"7 ~ iioi oclyoN j.. A.. . lilt low
est powered engine which has ever
flown an airplane. This was the first
successful triplane.
In general lines the machine was the |
forernnner of all modern tractor hi. |
planes and m%ultiplanes. The control |
was by stick and rudder-bar, as in the
Bleriot, and as now in nearly all air
planes.
This triplane was considerably devel
oped during 1909-1O, and by 1910, with
an e~ight-cylinder j. A. r. it had be, |
come a real flying machine. Then Mr. !
Roe abandoned the triplane for the bi.
plane, which he fitted with a British |
Green engine, of the vertical cylinder
type, and again SCI a new fashion.
The tri;plane disappeared but it has
been revived by British, French and
German designers during the war, with
good results.
From these four airplanes are deriv. I
ed all succeeding types.
Tie Farman Biplane, 1909
49, ADVS AO.@t1GiiIi HdlIIidll Ql"SSOCldlGu 1
himself frcrc the volsin Brothers and
on his own account. His ma.
chine was first seen at the Great
meeting in August, 1909. Like
The Volsin, 1t had a front elevator, but
The vertical partitions We're abolished
the wings, though retained in the
all. The machine was built of wood,
was much lighter than the volsin.
It's most remarkable feature was the
Use OF balancing flaps-called ailerons,
to the rear edge of each wing.
These ailerons when pulled down on one
tide gave that side extra life. Thus the
had the saine effect MS warping,
md. at is was than unnecessary to
visit the wing, 1T was possible to build
Whole structure as a box-girder of
wood and wire. which was lighter and
itronger than was possible with a warp
wing.
Aileron control is now used on all mo.
lern airplanes.
M, Farnlan used the stick control OF
q, Blerioit the stick working wires$fGr
elevator and the aiierons. A rud.
operated the rudder wires.
This was the beginning Of the mod
''pusher' biplane.
Antoinette Monoplane 1909
The Antoinette monoplane OF 1909
q evolved from the experiments or
Y. M. Gastambide and Maugin. and was
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