Gilpin observer., 1919-01-02

had advanced Al miles from La Fere
and were within six miles Of Amiens.
Here the advance was halted. In the
meantime, on March 20, the allies, fac
Ing catastrophe, at last agreed upon
z unification of command, and General
Foch, the brilliant French leader, was
placed in supreme command Of all the
allied armies.
few days after the launching Of
this drive, Paris was bombarded by a
mystery" gun which 1t was known
was at least 62 miles away. On March
~, Good Friday, this long-range gun
made direct hit on Paris church
and rs worshipers were killed.
On April 10, the Germans shifted
their attack and began the second
phase Of their offenslve-a drive
against the British in Flanders with
the channel ports as the objective.
Here again the British were forced to
give ground, but there was no break
such as occurred earlier on the Somme
front. The British and Portuguese
were swept back along the River Lys.
The Germans took the Messines ridge
British below Ypres. But the Ypres
defenses held firm, and in the west the
Germans failed In their efforts to reach
HazebrOuck. The terrific drive spent
itself and the Germans had failed to
threaten the channel ports seriously.
On April % the British navy execut-
ed one Of the spectacular feats Of the
war, blocking the channel Of Zee
brugge, German submarine base.
Germans Renew Offensive.
On May q the Germans renewed
the offensive with powerful attack
between the Aisne and the Marne. In
day they swept over the Chemin-des-
Danes on the heights north Of the
Aisne and crossed the river in a rush.
Next they took Scissors and reached
the Vesle. On they went to the Marne,
extending their front on the river from
Chateau-Thierry to Verneuil, and
threatening Reims in their advance.
The drive was halted with the Ger
mans occupying front 16 miles wide
on the Marne.
In the meantime the Americans had
won attention on May % by taking
Cantigny on the Picardy front in
brilliant attack.
On May 25, German U-boats began
operations off the coast OF the United
States, sinking II ships.
The German drive for Paris was re-
sumed but the turning point was
reached when on June 6 and Ameri-
can marines were thrown across the
path of the advancing army at Chateau
Thierry. The Americans not only
stopped the Germans but drove them
back two miles, capturing several hun
dred prisoners.
In an effort to unite the Somme sali-
ent with that of the Marne to provide
a base for another move toward Paris,
the Germans launched another heavy
attack west of Noyon on June TO- They
made considerable gains on a 2O-mile
front but the drive was halted within
two days.
Austrian Offensive Is Fiasco.
Attention was transferred from
France to Italy when on June Is the
Austrians opened an offensive on the
italian front from Asiago plateau to
the sea. The attack proved complete
fiasco. 1t was repulsed at all points
and the Italians pursued the fleeing
Austrians across the Piave. taking As
900 prisoners.
The German commanders made one
last effort to break through to Paris
when the crown princes army group
on July IS, the morning after the
French national holiday, launched an
offensive along front from Chateau
Thierry to Massiges, 30 miles east of
Reims.
This fifth and last phase of the great
offensive failed most slgnally, being
stopped on the third day. The Ameri-
can forces played big part in this Sec
ond decisive battle Of the Marne. East
of ChateauT Thlerry the Germans forced
a passage across the Marne and the
Americans who opposed them were
forced to fall back temporarily. Then.
in brilliant counter-attack, the Amer
leans drove the Germans back across
the Marne. taking 1.5OO prisoners. in
Guiding a complete brigade staff.
Allied Offensive Opens.
on July 1s General Foch assumed
the offensive. He struck the crown
princes right flank a vital blow and on
the first day the French and Americans
fought their way for six miles along
the Aisne. reaching the outskirts of
Soissons. For two weeks the great
counter-offensive continued. On July
20 the Americans met the crack diyi-
sions OF German guards and defeated
them In stubborn battle at Sergy.
Sossons fell to the French on August
and by the following day the entire
Soissons-Relms salient had been wiped
out.
The Indignation Of the British peo-
pie. aroused by the U-boat outrages
perpetrated by the Germans. was in
| tensified early In July when news va .