davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
Making the Peace

Until memoirs are published the world
will lack full information Of how the
peace was made The present genera
tion will not know, despite the shib-
boleths OF open diplomacy. Some things
seem inherently confidential.
Not merely to avoid adding to the
difficulties of bargaining are matters
kept back, and the motive is probably
more often good than bad a negotiator
Of the right sort instinctivcly shrinks
from telling a personal, eX partc story
that may be misread to the pre- iudice of
an associate. The inhibitions of mod
esty tend to seal the lips.
But some things about this peace may
be collected from the public record al
ready accessible. First, the wranglngs
which gave alarm arose, if not from fun
damental difference of political philos-
ophy, from radical divergence of opin-
ION as to the best methods of achieving
the end sought; second, the Fourteen
Points, accepted as the basis of the par
ley, were of such character as to invite
dispute.
The end was the safeguarding Of fut-
urc peace. Although other issues came
in, "Ncver again." was the dominant
watchword. But how safeguard peace?
One view was that the way was to bind
enemies N mild exercise Of faith; to
admit every one into the new under
standing without regard to record or
character Although never completely
avowcd, this was the idea the President
seemed to take to Europe. The peace was
to be one Of all-of us This ideal met the
hinty face Of realities, speaking through
Clcmenccau and Lloyd George They
said that for all-of-us to come together
was, Of course, the ultimate goal, but
that in the mean time it was impossible
to trust Germany. The President
yieldcd--not to his associates, but to the
logic of facts and common sense.
The Fourteen Points were nominally
a chart. but they were themselves un-
chartcd. Their general phrases we're
capable Of various interpretations. When
they looked them over one can under
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27

stand Clemenceau and Lloyd George
thinking: "There is nothing committing
us against the sort Of peace we deem
essential"
On the other hand the Germans
adopted, or pretended to adopt, a diff
ferent Interpretation. The argument
over whether the Fourteen Points have
been followed or disregarded is resolv-
able only after first agreeing as to what
they pledged. In the end the President
adopted as the true one the Franco-Brit-
lsh Interpretation rather than the Ger
man one. So doing, he was then impelled
to desist, except on minor matters, from
opposition.
The peace holds open the door to peace
on the all-of-us principle, but it also,
by disarming Germany and tracing new
frontiers, secures the world against at
tack if Germany continues unaltered.
The treaty adds practicalities to a scrap
of paper, 1t thus contains guarantees
for future peace that were in the minds
of our European friends rather than
those that his eulogists declared were in
the mind of the President.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27

swayed more by passion and emotion than
by reason, a:,d. therefore, we must choose
leaders who can smooth out jealousies.
rouse noble impulses and maintain honor
and national security without resorting to
arms, except a last resort. We cannot
but acknowledge that the costlness Of this
war in human life compelled the leading
nations of the world to substitute arbitra-
tior for armed force and to put limitation
on the right to go to war. Everywhere the
peoples of the world are now awake to the
realization that peace in the world can only
be secured by high ideals and mutual self
sacrifice of pride, ambition and national as
piratons We are facing new era in the
evolution of mankind, and having assumed
a leading role in the struggle for self-pres-
ervation let US hold to it, fully conscious of
our power and determined that the conflict
shall be carried on the high plane of ideal
ism. Let us construct and maintain these
large national cemeteries, lest we forget,
and that our sacred dead may not have died
in vain. HEMAN L. DOWD,
Captain, M. c., U. S. A.
Camp Covng ton. Marseilles, France, June 1.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
A Contradiction

The two arguments most commonly
made for a ratification of the peace treaty
without reservations affecting the COW
enant involve a contradiction 1t is said
that the United States ought to approve
without notifications because such modi
fications may not be readily assented to
by European nations. But it is urged
at the same time that only league of
nations, with the United States a mem
Der of it, can save Europe from ruin.
The first argument clashes with the
second. If the league of nations is an
indispensable instrument for the saliva
ton Of the world-or even of the Eu-
ropean world--the European nations
will be only too glad to have this coun-
try enter it on its own terms. If we are
guarantor and the countries of Eu-
rope are benefciaries, they can have
no reasonable objection to notifications
of the contract for the purpose of pro-
tecting American interests. We are Civ
ing more than we receive.
10 represent other nations as unwill
ing to permit US to construe the cove
nant our own way, by means of ncces
sary reservations, is to imputc to them
strange lack of perspcacity and self
interest.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
"Pravda" (Truth) writes:
"Gorky has begun speaking in
Il the language of the enemies of

N the language of the enemies of
the working class"
1t is not true. I address myself to
saner representatives of the working
classes and state.
Fanatics and light-minded Missionaries
have aroused in the working class hopes
which under the given historical condi-
tions cannot be fulfilled and are leading
on the Russian proletariat to destruc-
tion. The destruction of the proletariat,
however, is sure to bring Russia face to
face with a prolonged period of black
reaction.
Again one reads in the "Pravda":
Every revolution includes in it's
process of development certain negative
phenomena which are unavoidable and
are due to the breaking up of thou
'sand-year-old state. The young giant
creates new life and his muscular arms
naturally touch the well-being of out
siders. The Philistines, however, whom
Gorky once upon a time was wont to
chastlse, now raise the cry that the Rus
sian state and Russian culture are being
ruined"
l cannot consider such matters as
the plundering of national property in
the Winter Palace, in the castles at
Gatchina and other places, as "unavoid-
able" l do not see what connection
there is between the "breaking up of
thousand-year-old state" with the rob-
berry of a small theatre in Moscow or
the stealing of the wardrobe Of the
actress Yermolova
| have no intention to enumerate here
the various samples of scnseless pogroms
and robberies, merely contend that the
responsibility for these deeds commit
ted by rowdies falls upon the proetariat,
which quite obviously has not the power
to eradicate this rowdyism from it's
midst.
Moreover, "the young giant who is
creating new life" makes it very diff
flcult to supply the public with books.
There are printeries where the printers
produce only 38 per cent of even that
sort of work which the union of book
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27

lectual spends his whole time imagining
red tides rolling up Fifth Avenue
and explaining just why theysare bound
to come unless the purblind junkers
q. e., bourgeoisie) heed the advice of his
leading articles. But-the tides never
do come; and, if they did, he knows in
his inmost soul that he would run like
a rabbit for nice, quiet country home,
five miles from a crossroad
There are occasional basement intel
lectuals, of the Trotzky stamp, who
really revel in gore and cruelty. The
parlor folk, alas! never. Sooner or
later, when the threat touches their
home, or their family, or their bank ac-
count, or their limousine, they crack.
They fall from the ranks and sink to
the rear No wonder the genuine Left
Wingers doubt them. No wonder, dis
gusted, they yearn to throw them out.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
Hohenzollern Reactions

Father, at Amerongen, is reported as
shocked, but as returning to his log saw
ing. Son, at Wieringen, concluded a
parole was worth no more than a scrap
of paper, and made break for Germany
to head a military uprising. The old
Pretender, like James Stuart, thinks
that life, after all, is life, while the
younger Pretender is afoot for a Cul-
loden
What will Germany do? The query is
as profitless as similar queries in the
past. Pick out what healthy-mnde
nation would do, and then assume Ger
many will pursue a contrary course,
and you will not be far amiss. Was
there ever a people such as these Ger
mans since the virus Of Prussianism en-
tered their veins?
What the Grown Prince will effect in
his wild adventure remains to be seen.
Not much is the probability. The Ger
man people are doubtless in sympathy
with what they will CALL as they do the
scuttling at Scapa Flow, fine gesture.
But they don't like the expression on the
face of Foch and will follow no forlorn
hopes. What do those now think who
have presented the German turn to re-
publicanism as born of some other motive
than safety first?
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
Self-Created War Burdens

The council of three has decided to
make the Germans pay for the work of
their admiral at Scapa Flow. The
admiral's excuse was characteristic.
He said that he thought the armistice
would expire on Saturday, June 21, be-
cause of Germany's refusal to accept
the peace terms. He therefore assumed,
without any warrant, that it had ex-
pired and that the ships had again be-
come German property. But the arm-
stice had been extended till 7 p. m. on
June 28 All Won Reuter- needed was the
ghost of an excuse for carrying out a
general order given at the beginning of
the war by the imperial government.
Now the Germans will have to
pay twice over for the part of Tir-
pitts surface fleet represented at Scapa
German psychology is such that Ger
man commanders never realized that
when they were devastating Belgium
and northern France they were doing so
at their own cost, and that destruction of
non-military character in the occupied
regions was as wasteful as would have
been destruction of the same sort within
Gcrmany's boundaries.
Won Reuter- was also victim of this
mania for running amuck. He thought
he was sinking ships which Germany no
longer needed-that he was merely
wiping the slate Of bad investment
What he was really doing was relieving
the Allies of captured property which
they could not dispose of without en-
barrassment and creating new debt
for Germany to settle by the delivery
of money or commodities.
Germany claims that she hasn't the
means to pay her existing debts But
she doesn't shrink from piing up new
obligations. The senselcss sinking of the
Scapa Flow fleet ought not to escape
pcnalization in the final estimate of
Germany's self-created indemnity bur-
den.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
Fooling the Filipinos

a high wind, proceeding out or the
mouth of Senator Walsh, of Massachu-
setts, blew through the Senate ON
Wednesday. He declared that, on the
initiative of this country, a Filipino
delegation should be invited to appear
before the peace conference to state
their grievances against this country
and be given sympathetic hearing as
they made a plea for independence.
The value and the motive of this pro-
posal may be judged by recalling that
the conference approaches the closing
days of its work and that steam is up
on the George Washington. The Massa-
chusetts Senator, for reasons he does
not deign to give, is trifing with
weighty issue. He knows we'll that
there is no likelihood, or even chance, Of
the Filipinos being received at Paris,
and it is cruel to lure on with false
hopes.
But back of the question of a hearing
at Paris is the question of whether this
country may scuttle from the Philip
pines. Our assumed obligations there
are they fulfilled? Practically all expert
opinion is that they are not Would the
archipelago maintain stable, demo-
cratic government?
Certain Filipinos, doubtless sincere
enough personally, predict they would.
But so Mexicans would say as to
their country; yet Mexico is prey to
chronic anarchy. Little doubt is to be
entertained, in view Of the present fer
ment, that the Philippines would quickly
fall into wild disorder should America
shake off her responsibility Some in
tegrating progress has been made, but
not in twenty-five years can the Fill
pinos do that which has occupied free
and orderly countries for a thousand
years.
The inner peril is matched by an
outer one. What would Japan do if her
merchants were denied what they re-
garded as their just due? The Tribune
would not foment anti-Japanese preju-
dice, but there stand Corea, Manchuria
anu kOuduIuLS. IL ID pi uuCI1C w CthC
note. We have thus direct interest,
for even though all political bonds we're
nominally cut this country would take
lively interest in the fate Of its ward.
Strong would be the demand here for us
to go to her aid if assailed. To avoid
new subject matter for dispute is pru-
dent. Relations with our Eastern friend
are delicate enough as they are. The
Filipinos' claim of ability to take care Of
themselves against great nation with
modern arms is manifestly childish.
The Philippines are doing we'll. The
Filipinos are prospering beyond their
widest dreams. They crowd their own
schools and universities. This happy
condition would be jeopardizeds should
the American flag come down. We know
this, even though there are Filipinos
who do not know it, and, knowing it, we
dare not let them substitute their judg-
ment for our own.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
When Lawyers Strike
lFrom The London pailu Newsl

Lawyers, as we'll as policemen, have been
known to strike. Some years ago the bar
risters practising in Sierra Leone were so
dissatisfied with the judge who was acting
as substitute for the chief justice while the
latter was on leave that they unanimously
elected to give up pleading before him.
Legal business in the colony was, there
fore, at standstil until the chief Justice
returned. France, too, affords an instance
of a legal strike. One Of the judges at St.
Amand accused the local lawyers of delb-
erately promoting disputes in order to fill
their pockets with fees. Thereupon all
the lawyers in court departed in a body,
declaring that thev would not return until
this insulting statement had been with
drawn. Eventually the judge apologized,
and the lawyers resumed practice.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
Barring the Intellectuals

Tie genuine, honest-to-goodness fire.
= IS among the Socialists, with the
ors OF expulsion from the Socialist
" still fresh upon them, wrestled
a stiff problem at their local con-
on. These Left Wingers were con-
nted by nothing less than a resolu-
barring all intellectuals from their
ganization. The proposal was on the
: toward acceptance when some one
marked that the great Trotzky HIM
~ was of that class-as we'll as some
ser luminaries then and there present.
We note the name Of "J. Reed. New
'rk," upon the "workingmen's" coun-
T chosen, and suspect that right here
s one mighty intellectual So the
solution was voted down.
1t IS a hard problem. and if we were
Left Winger we shouldn't know what
do about it. Intellectuals Of the mar
brand are very pleasant decorations
any raulcai organizations Thev
en- have pleasant houses and satisfy
refreshments, and, sometimes, larpe
d obliging bank accounts. They lend
air Of universally to movement
aerwise distressingly limited in tvpe
appearance. Moreover, they have
; wherewithal to publish MAGAZINES
..-e 1hs Ncw Republic, presenting the
ga for revolution in the most graceful
I'd intriguing fashion.
There is, however, one fundamental
'ouble with the intellectual-the parlor
tellectual, that is. He doesn't really
: his heart Of hearts, mean what he saws
not as the others understand it. That
the sad part about the otherwise pav
'siness Of being an intellectual radical
The game holds all kinds Of thrills
icarious thrills that is. The intel
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
Labor's Piece of Pie

Time was when the breakfast con-
fection of New England was served
whole, in full orbicular glory. Then it
was bisected and then quartered. Next
came wedges of one-sixth, and in the
frenzy of wartime conservation, when
food purveyors throbbed with intense
patriotism, it diminished to slivers of
one-eighth. Coincidentally the diameter
shrank. and there was a noticeable
Aattening.
The Federation of Labor, proclaiming
the forty four-hour week, introduces it
rs forerunner to the thirty-six-hour
week At the same time it is declared
that the wage, whatever it is, must be
so fixed that the Earnings of labor will
buy the same amount of the necessaries
cf life that were purchased by the
earnings previous to the war" But say
ing that a piece of pie is a piece Of pie
does not safeguard cubical contents.
More can be produced by eight hours
of intensive labor than in fourteen or
.welve or ten hours of exhaustion. But
somewhere the law of diminishing re-
turn will assert itself. In one hour per
day as much goods cannot be made as
IN eight hours. Where the line is no
enc is able to sdy; maybe the average
output per man will not lessen with the
forty-four-h week; as to this expert
cnce will show. But the intelligent
eaders of the Federation know as well
IS anybody that falling off in pro-
luction means the wages of week,
Month or year will buy less.
Investigators have shown, if men we're
silling to go back to old methods of
wing and to restore the necessity stand
ard of hundred years ago, that wants
could be supplied with a two-hour day.
cut the ordinary man, though he OBJ
octs to the curse that closed Eden, pre-
ars to work longer and get more. The
-xuries of one generation are the COM
3, third. No philosopher has been able
> persuade the Occidental world to
7ssen desires. They grow and expand.
he West rejects the Buddhism which
.,aches that the pathway to happiness
in throttling wants.
The workman has no master in this
sountry. He never had. He is the
,ajority. Great is his power But it is
eyond his power to have contradictory
.ings. He pays his own wages out of
s own product. Let him diminish his
~oduct, and he lowers his wages Not
J sympathy for or against labor are its
"~oblems to be solved, but by the cold
Intelligence of the laboring masses.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
Pogron1s and Plunder
By Maxim Gorky
Translated from, his paper in Petrograd

printers has set down as the standard
Tor apprentices.
The proletariat, which is but small
group in the midst # the uneducated
Russian peasantry of 100, 100000, ought
to know how important education is
and how important it is to spread
books. But, to it's own misfortune, the
proletariat does not cale to see this.
The proletariat also must realize that
it is sitting on bayonets, and bayonets,
as is we'll known, make rather shaky
throne.
Yes, there are plenty o1. negative phe-
nomena, but where are the positive
ones? Of such there ar. none to be
seen, if one does not count the DEGREES
of Lenine and Trotzky. doubt, how
ever, whether the proletarat had any
part in the creation of these DEGREES.
No, if the proletariat had a part in this
paper activity it would look quite diff
ferent.
The article in the "Pravda" concludes
with the following lyrical outpouring:
when at the radiant feast of the
nations the former enemies, inspired by
the feeling of brotherly love, will seek
place in our armies, will Gorky, who
so heedlessly deserted the ranks of the
genuinely revolutionary democracy, still
be able to be a welcome guest at this
feast of peace?"
Neither the writer of the article in
the "Pravda" nor will live to see this
radiant feast. Decades of sober and
persevering cultural work will have to
pass before such a feast will be possible
But at the feast where the despotism
of the uneducated mass celebrates an
easy victory, while humanity is kept in
chains as before-at such feast I have
nothing to look for. For me it is no
feast at ALL
In whatever hands power rests there
still remains for me the elementary hu-
man right of taking a critical view of
this power.
But I am especially mistrustful when
see the Russian at the rudder, the slave
of yesterday turned into merciless des-
pot the moment he has the power to be
master over the next one.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
Unionized Te achers
To the Editor of The Tribune.

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: 1t may be of interest to your
readers to know that the union movement
among teachers has met with very sur
prising success during the last few months.
Only short time ago a teachers union
was regarded as something very undigni-
fed, and most teachers and the so-called
public looked upon teachers union with
undisguised hostility. The march Of
events, the press of economic conditions.
has wiped out to a very great extent the
opposition existing among teachers toward
the union movement.
The American Federation of Teachers
was organized in Chicago, in 1916 In
September, 1918, there were twenty locals
in the federation, with total membership
of about 5000. During the past ten months
the number of locals has increased to
nlnety-three, and the total membership is
more than 10000, an increase of about 700
new members month for the last ten
months. The officials of the federation
are confident that when school reopens in
the fall there will be at least $4,000 men,
bcrs in the federation. Before the week
is over practically all the men teachers
in the elementary schools will have Joined
the union movement, that is, if no objec-
tion is raised to the formation of a sepa-
rate local for the elementary school men.
This steady growth, be it noted, has come
in spite of persistent opposition of auto
cratic educational authorities, fearful of
the slogan of the teachers union, Democ-
racy in Education, Education for Democ-
racy; in spite of loose charges of dis
loyalty and false Misrepresentation. The
union movement is succeeding because it
stands for certain ideals, in addition to
safeguarding the economic conditions Of
the teacher. The American Federation of
Teachers holds that the schools of
democracy must be governed and managed
in democratic manner; therefore, teach
ers must be allowed representation on
boards of education and on school councils;
they should have voice in shaping courses
of study; they should be represented on
teachers trial boards; they should be con-
suited in all matters that are connected
with the welfare of the schools Teachers
must be treated as if they are partners
in the great work Of education, not as in
ferior subordinatcs.
JOSEPH JABLINOWER,
Organizer, Teachers Union of New York
New York, June 16. 1919.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
The Soviet Surrender
From The CHICAGO Daily Ncys)


Isaac Don Levine's report to "The Daily
News" of the Russian soviet's wage scale,
dividing the Russian workers into twenty
seven categories with graduated wages, is
interesting in its details and also in its
showing of the concession that theory has
to make to human nature and experience.
In spite Of all ideas of the equality Of one
mans work with another, the unsklled
laborer performing light tasks receives less
than one-third as much as the manager of
q commercial institution. The difference is
certainly not as great as it was before, but
the fact remains as is attested by previous
reports, that in order to secure managerial
ability the soviet government COM
PEELED to make concessions to those pos
sessng the necessary experience.
The wage scale is the first avowcd sur
render of the soviet to the facts of human
nature and business organization. The next
surrender presumably will be to the fur
ther fact that it does not matter what wage
scale is officially established or on what
basis unless there is enough industry at
the established cost to give the workers
something to do.
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27
Root Opposes Treaty

Sign il with rescrva-
tions. says Empire State
Senator, alumnus Of
Hamilton College. from
which Samuel Hopkins
Adams. whose photo
Rrapi, is on the left. was
also graduated. ..
New-York tribune., 1919-06-27

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