davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-07-06
is a follower Of certain we'll known
writer's and authorities upon an
archism.

Is u lOllOWCk VI SCI tdiu WCli huOWA
writer's and authorities upon an
archism.
''In the second place, ! think,
man who promotes, by action or by
propaganda a state of anarchy,
either by interfering with the ef-
forts Of the government to put
down a condition of anarchy, or by
directly promoting it himself by
propaganda or action-I think an
anarchist might be any of these or
both, one or the other or both.
There is no we'll known princi-
pie which a man must entertain
without which he cannot become an
anarchist. A man can be an an
archist without having any philo--
sophical or theoretical background
for it, or a man may act as an an
archist in promoting state of an
archy without having any thought
about the principles of anarchism
at all. Anarchy and anarchism are
two entirely different things"
SIS it not true" asked Mr.. Luck
ing, that the fundamental, abso-
lutely necessary characteristic of
anarchism or anarchy is absence Of
government"
Immediate or ultimate absence
of government. I mean that that is
the ideal that many have, that ul
timately, by process of evolution
or development, the state Of, gov
ernment will pass away. That man,
naturally left to himself and not
interfered with, would be all right;
that government is an interference.
If you just take away gradually
very gradually--the interference Of
government, then in the long run
you will have no society. The lit
eral meaning of the word is the
absence of government"
"But man cannot be a genuine
anarchist without he entertains
that thought; isn't that so?"
"No," replied the professor.
"Proudhon, a we'll known anarchist,
for instance, does not believe in
the immediate abolition Of govern
ment. In fact, while he regards
the ultimate abolition of government
as a thing to be realized, he also
believes in carrying on certain func-
tions of government. They are
largely what are known as the ad-
ministrative functions Of govern
ment. Tolstoy also held tho same
belief.
"Such we'll recognized anarchists
as Goodwin. Proudhon, Bakounin.
Benjamin r. Tucker and Tolstoy all
set forth the idea that no one state
is of paramount Importance. So
far as l am aware, all anarchists
hold as one of their tenets, one of
their principles of belief, the idea
of one brotherhood instead of ma
tional patriotism; the authors to
whom l have referred and others.
Things that Mr.. Ford has said in
his printed interviews were the we'll
known and recognized teachings of
the worlds greatest and best known
anarchists.
"All anarchists with whose writ
ings / am at all familiar express
New-York tribune., 1919-07-06
Quoting Mr.. Ford

In Mr.. Ford'ss writings appears
this statement:
"The man who finds way Of
teaching politicians will have made
a great discovery comparable in I'M
portance to that of the steam en-
CINE or the attraction of gravity.
don't mean by that that | think
politicians hopeless. Perhaps the
politician, though a harder job
than the reputed to be confined
criminal, is not utterly beyond moral
education, for that is nothing more
than an education in common sense.
Such events as now wreck Europe
would wreck my faith in human
nature and in providence if it were
not my belief that really there is no
New-York tribune., 1919-07-06

breast Of every soldier The sad
dest thing about every war, in fact,
is that the people acquiesce in it.
The moment we get the people not to
acquiesce in war, refuse to go to war,
there will be no war
"The fact that war Is never in the
interest of the people-that is, war
conducted by the state; wars, inter-
national wars, can never be in the
interest of the people, is to be found
in the writings of many well recog-
nized anarchists, even Of the revolu-
tionary type" said Professor Reeves.
New-York tribune., 1919-07-06
The Term Defined

"An anarchist" said Professor
Reeves, "in the first place, Is one
who believes In the doctrines Of
snaychism; and In the second place
New-York tribune., 1919-07-06
As to War

again, I find the ideas of Mr..
Ford that two classes benefit by war
the miitarists and the money lend
ers, the man who manufactures war
munitions and wants to sell them,
the man greedy to lend his capital at
large interest-in numerous writings
New-York tribune., 1919-07-06
.ERHAPS the most interesting
. testimony in Henry Ford's
l. sensational libel suit for


s1,oOo.00O against "The Chi
.ero Tribune" for publishing an
alleged libelous editorial, which is
,ow being heard at Mount Clemens,
Mich. before United States Circuit
Iudce James G. Tucker, is that of
Professor Jesse s. Reeves. Since
1910 he has been at the head of the
Department of Political Science at
the University of Michigan.
Professor Reeves was called by
sThe Tribune" counsel to identify
various Ford expressions with the
.xpressions of the worlds leading
anarchists. During the highly inter
ssting cross-examination by Attor-
nev Alfred Lucking, of the Ford
counsel, the verbal dual was listened
10 with the greatest interest by the
small army of attorneys and a
hacked courtroom. Mr.. Lucking
ouoted Christ, st. Paul, Bishop
Williams, Tolstoy, President Wilson,
Tennyson, Emerson, Lowell, Benja-
min Franklin, DR.. Johnson, Thomas
Carlyle, Whittier, Lyman Abbott,
Emma Goldman, the Quakers, Will
lam James and others as entertain
;ng views similar to those COM
plained Of when emanating from
Mr.. Ford.
The professor, however. was
characterized as one of the keenest
witnesses with whom the veteran
lawyer ever had to deal. He showed
the greatest familiarity with indi-
yiduals and theories cited at random,
anticipating many of Mr.. Lucking's
Questions, and analyzed propositions
to defend his own position. The
hearing began with the following
dialogue:
Q.-You are here as an expert?
Al believe so, sir.
Q.-You are to receive compensa-
ton As an expert?
A.-Nothing has been said about
that.
Q.-You expect it. don't your
Al do.
Q.-Now, professor, the ideas you
gave US the other day as being dis
tinctly anarchistic are common to
many people who are not anarchists
at all, are they not?
A-Some Of them are, some Of
them are not.
Q.-Name one that is not.
A.-well, the statement that no
man is patriot; the reference TO the
flag; calling soldiers murderers.
Q.--Thst is, the general idea Of
internationalism. Now, all these
ideas are fundamental in the
doctrines Of Christianity, are they
not!
Al don't pose as an expert on
Christian doctrine.
Q.-You read the Bible, don't youi
A.-oh, yes-to some extent.
Q.-You said that the brotherhood
Of man was one of the fundamentals
Of anarchy. did you mott
Al did.
Q.-And It is also q fundamental
Of Chris.ianity-is a man an anar-
chist because he believes that?
A.-Not unless that belief is
brought in antagonism 20 the idea of
nationalism.
o.-what would you say to this;
"In a sense the old enterprise OF law
is PLAYED out. / mean that the
future Of mankind depends more on
the relation Of nations to one an
other. more on the realization OF a
common brotherhood Of man, than on
the sepsrate and selfish development
Of national systems Of law?
A-Yes, that remark was made by
President Wilson.
Q.-That Is exactly the fundamen-
tai idea that Mr. Ford expressed. Is
it not,
A.-Eo, because there is no antsg-
onism there between the idea OF ma
tionaiisn and world brotherhood.
Finally, after innumerablc ques
tons by Attorney Lucking, all Of
which were quickly and expertly
New-York tribune., 1919-07-06

the idea that government is some
thing that has been imposed upon
and slipped over the people"
New-York tribune., 1919-07-06

are the views Of we'll recognized
anarchists"
"Yes," said the professor. "Patri-
otism was the last resource OF
scoundrels; the pulling down Of the
American flag after the war, never
to raise it again General senti-
ment that patriotism is a false
sentiment which leads men on to
sacrifice themselves for something
which is not really to their own in
terest, and that if mankind were
let alone and not educated in patri-
otism one would be better of, is
found in the writings Of every well
recognized anarchist. The same can
be said of such ideas as expressed
by Mr.. Ford in his announcement
regarding the patent laws, where
he said If I should go to the Sem
ate (he was then a candidate for
that office) one of the first things
| would do would be to begin an
agitation for the abolition Of all
patent laws. They do not protect
the inventor or the consumer, but
they exploit the consumer and place
heavy burden on productive in
dustry'
Another idea expressed by Mr..
Ford, which is found common
among all well recognized anarch-
lists, is their opposition to military
service, and especially obligatory
military service under the guise OF
patriotism"
Interpreting Wilson
The speech of President Wilson,
made in Paris recently, was defined
by Professor Reeves-at least that
part of it which says: "In a sense
the whole enterprise Of national
law is played out. l mean the fut-
ure of mankind depends more on
the relation of nations to one an
other, more on the realization Of q
common brotherhood Of man, than
on the selfish development Of ma
tional system"
"Now," asked Attorney Lucking,
"if Mr.. Ford had used that Ian
guage would you have pointed it
out as evidence Of his common
writings of anarchism?"
"I would have considered it in
the text of Mr.. Ford's article, and
President Wilson's article, and
know the occasion on which it was
delivered, as we'll as the context OF
Mr.. Ford's article. There is vast
difference. 1t makes difference
as to the general meaning Of the
article taken as a whole. Mr.. Ford
used much stronger language than
that expressed by President Will
son, because the President qualified
his. He was discussing the ques-
ton of international law, and in
the sense in which he used it ne
was absolutely correct. The two
are supplemental and not in oppo-
sition to each other. The funda-
mental thought therein expressed
by President Wilson is not the fun
damental thought Of Mr.. Ford. The
distinction lies in the relation be-
tween nations, to become more in
innate, which they cannot do as
long as there are such peculiarities
New-York tribune., 1919-07-06
And Benjamin franklin

Ale was considered to be Q
wise mani
Q.-Did he say, There never was
. good war, or a bad peace?
Al believe so.
Q.-Do you believe that doctrinef
Al do not. The answer came
very decidedly
Q.-Was Benjamin Franklin a.
anarchist because he said that7
A.-Certainly not.
Off you had read these words in
the articles by Henry Ford which
were handed you to examine, you
would have said that they were signs
Of anarchism, wouldn't youi W
Al should have thought he vas
trying to bolster his views with the
weight Of . great name.
els the idea that humanity 10
on the up grade, 40 Mr.. Ford believes.
. fundamental Of anarehyi
A. Anarchism holds that human.
ity 10 ell right, Il only nesds to b
lot alone and II will work out its
own salvation.
Q.-This idea Was held By sss
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-05
NEW YORK CENTRAL PAYS
S2875 JUDGMENT TO THE
ESTATE OF ]. w. WEAVER
.pecial to The Neus.Times

Special 10 The N~eVs-Times
GOSHEN. Ind. Nov. I'm cir
cult court here the New York Cen
trail Railway company paid Ralph
Bickels administrator Of the estate
of J.. W. Weaver. $2s75 as payment
in full of all claims held by the
estate against the company.
Mr.. Weaver, a prominent farmer.
was killed at the T.. Lincoln ave.
crossing Of the New York Central
Railroad in Goshen December -.
Iq1S. He had driven from his home
to the station, where he took d
friend. who was leaving on an early
morning train. Leaving the station
Mr.. Weaver started 20 drive to the
business section of Goshen \ west
bound fast train struck his vehicle.
Nobody saw the accident. Weaver
body vas carried 10 Elkhart. 10 miles
distant on the engine pilot. the horse
escaped injury and disappeared and
the buggy was reduced to kindling.
The friend Mr.. Weaver had taken to
the station left the city without
knowing of the accident.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-05
COFFEE CROP FAILS.
AUTOS PUT FOR HIRE

RIO DE JANEIRO. Brazil. Nov.
Results Of coffee crop failures
are seen in the large number o.
high grade automobiles available
for public hire in this city. Most
Of them were originally purchased
for private use in times Of prosper
ity, but their owners were compelled
10 sell them when the crop failed
and financial distress ensued.
The widespread use made OF them
for business. pleasure or social pur-
poses is a striking feature Of life in
the Brazilian capital. They are not
Of the usual taxicab type but expen-
sive car
The broad, smooth avenues and
~boulevards are admirably adapted TO
the use OF automobiles, n as there
Is no speed law the one great object
in life for the native chauffeur APP
parently is TO go at top speed whcth-
er in city or suburb. That there
are not numerous daily accidents is
due. perhaps. mainly to expert han
ding Of the cars
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-05

will be made into a museum for
works Of art.
Troops Occupy Stables.
The Marshall. the formerly royal
stables. also has been occupied by
troops but viii be turned over to
the city Of Berlin for administra-
tive Offices.
Montbiiou Chateau was and is n
museum and its big hall is used for
trials. The palace Of Crown Prince
Frederick is being used by the gov
eminent for an exposition Of mod
ern painting and as headquarters
for the Safety Police"
The palace of the Crown Princess
Cecilie is occupied as private resi-
dences rented from the government
and has a few military bureaus in
one section.
Charlottenburg castle has been
used since December last as an
orthopedic hospital. except the mid
die section which is extraordinarily
artistic and historically valuable.
The palace of Prince August Will
helm is rented to two state bureaus
and its library is used for charitable
purposes. Bellevue castle now
houses state and government au-
thorities.
The finance ministry which has
been seeking space in some of these
palaces has found that all the avail
able room had been taken as Ions
ago as last March.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-05
PALACES
NOW FOR RENT
DOmiCiIeS of Hun Royalty Be-
ing Utilized For Vari-
Gus Purposes.

BERLIN. Nov. There is a
widespread demand hat the former
royal and princely palaces and cas-
ties of this city be utilized TO allay
the need of dwellings during the
coming winter by renting parts of
them to people in need Of homes.
Mayor Wermuth has sent a tele-
gram to the imperial dwelling com
missioner calling his attention to
this situation.
The commissioner, in reply. says
there are in Berlin only six of these
buildings, that are large and nota-
Die. OF these. the former emperor's
palace. i'm which troops were housed
for sometime. will be occupied by
state employees as rapidly as its
rooms are vacated and eventually
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-05
10000 TONS OF COAL
AT PlTTSBURG WHARVES

PITTSBURG, Nov. 5-Fears that
PittsburE wouid be compelled to re-
turn 20 the heatless days and light
less nights OF the early war time Pc
riod were dispeTed Tuesday night hy
r.. ". Gardiner. commissioned IF
the Pittsburg Coal Operators assoc
citation. in a reassuriug statement 90
the public.
MT. GARDINER said 10000 tons of
newly mined coal was even now lf
Monongahcla river wharves and he
fore the strike was called operator
had greatly increased shipments 90
wholesalers I'm this district. He
could see no reason. he said. why
domestic consumers had been de
prived % coal in order hat rail-
roads. public utilities or manufac-
turers should be supplied.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-05
j. s. MINISTER IN
FINE AL CE
Representative in CzeCho-
SIovakia Occupies Former
Home OF Archbishop.

PRAGUE, Nov. ;. - When Rich
ard Crane. the newly appointed
United States minister 10 Czecho-
SIovakia. formerly secretary to Sec'y
Of State Lansing, took up his post in
Prague. the government of the new
republic assigned 10 him the magni-
rcent palace OF the cardinal arch
bishop of Prague. on the heights OF
Hradcany overlooking the city, di-
rectIy across the way from the ma
tional capital.
The palace was vacant because
the cardinal archbishop had been
an Austrian prince. and when the
revolution of oct. IS. 191S-the
czech Fourth of July-took place,
ne was invited to leave along with
IN the rest Of the Austro-Hungarian
nobility, and complied.
Mr.. Crane found across the state
dining pictures OF the former
cardinal archbishops in all the YER
million and purple Of their robes. In
the audience chamber was a great
throne. above which hung a large
and splendid portrait Of Pope Bene-
diet XVI. In the big reception
rooms leading off from it, he dis
covered a lot OF North American In
dians disporting themselves all over
a set of priceless Gobelin tapes
tries. with here and there an ear
ringed negro slave.
Ii seems that the Gobelins had
originally been ordered and deliver
ed to the Empress Maria-Theresa
of Austria. They were sent tC
Prague c. o. D. and the price ot
the bill staggered even her imperia
majesty. Being somewhat short OF
funds, she was about to send then
back. when the then cardinal arch.
bishop. being a noble of ample
private means, offered to take then
off her hands. The empress glad.
ly assented and the Gobelins have
remained a part OF the furnishing
of the handsome old house.
So the United States minister re
ceives his guests and gives his inter
views with the 18th century French
conception of the original Ameri
cans" looking down upon him from
the walls.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-05

Romans improved the roads, but
paid no attention to improving the
vehicles on the highways.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-05

The largest gold nugget ever
found was discovered at Ballarat in
1885 and sold for $4,000.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-05

More languages are said TO be
spoken in San Francisco than in any
other city on the globe.
The Montana nonpartisan., 1919-06-28

40%; CT 40%.
Why was this law passed2 An
swer: To further throw the bur-
den of taxation on the class who
earn their bread by toll.
End. There were several coun-
ties in the State like our own
County of Hill that got so radical
as to elect honest men to fill Off
ces in various capacities,-men
that had backbone enough to
stand for justice and right.
This threw a scare into the Old
Gang so they had to hustle thru
House Bill No. 80 to save the cor
poration and big business inter
ests from paying their just share
Of taxes.
Our Hon. Representative Mr..
Haaland, stood up like a man and
fought against the passage Of this
law. He also fought our battle all
thru the Session of the Legisla-
ture, but the trouble was that
enough other counties in the state
did not sent the same kind Of ma
terial to Helena as we did i'm our
County, and therefore, we did not
have power enough to prevent the
corporation crowd from putting
this kind of legislation over on
the toilers Of our great state.
Some Comparison.
Now, in coming back to the az
tual facts. AS most of you know,
Hill county has not got so very
many corporations and not very
many big ones, so I will just men
tion a few and show the compari-
son between the old law and the
present one, and before I go into
any details l want to state this ::
The old law provided for all pro-
perty. including money to be as
sessed 1O0%. but the Assessors
Conventions disregarded the law
and assessed all property on 50=e
of the value. just why they did
this and could get away with it, /
do not know, but l will discuss
the new law as against the basis
that the property was assessed
in the past, namely, 500.
The G. N. r. r. is the largest
corporation we have in our coun-
Continued on Page Three)
The Montana nonpartisan., 1919-06-28

voted at the last election owing
to the :'flu," the snow-storm and
the prevailing condition of public
sentiment; and were, therefore,
not eligable for signing the peti-
tions. This had to be remedied.
The League Immediately proceed
ed to enroll a number of notaries,
who went up and down the coun-
ties registering men in the field
and in the barnyard, so that now,
as a result of this work, fully
so per cent of the voters Of the
state are registered and ready to
do their duty in 1920.
The Press.
The attitude Of the gang press
was significant. For a long time
it preserved a discreet and omin-
GUS silence. Here and there a
small county paper would, obedi-
ent to it's advertisers or under or
ders from Helena, venture a wal
lop at the League and it's men,
bers, but for a long time a sort
of watchful waiting prevailed in
the camp Of the enemy journals.
Soon, howver, as the number
Of petitions grew and the Leag-
uers appeared everywhere busy as
the proverbial bee, riding horse
back, tin-lizzic, or on foot, thrust
ing petitions under the nose of
everyone, from the banker to the
hotel help, few more Of the kept
press took up an attiture of hos
tility and various and wonderful
were the excuses they advanced
for their attitude. The Leaguers
were "disloyal and We're political
cuckoo s. said one small sheet,
"they We're simply trying to save
the primary for themselves; )"
while, with touch of humor, a
third joined the feeble chorus
with "the Amendments to the
Primary Law ought not to be in
tcrfcrrcd with because it was a
non-partisan measure, since both
the Democratic and Republican
parties mdorsed it. -
No Effect on Leaguers.
All this acted as a spur to the
Lcagners, and so far as deterring
them from the most strenuous ex-
ertion to Save the Primary, had
no effect whatever. The press re-
manned silent. Mass meetings We're
being held, prominent men We're
speaking all over the state, and
the meetings and the speeches re-
ceivcd no mention whatsoever, or
were curtly dismissed with three
or four lines full of malice and
contempt.
The work in the cities vas tax
en- up by various organizations Of
wage carncrs, such as the Non
partisan Club and the Good Gov
ernmcnt Club of Silver Bow, and
The Montana nonpartisan., 1919-06-28
DAWSON SQU|B
EXPLODED
AGAIN
Soldiers in France write
Frazier Letter of
Thanks
The Courier-News
Bismarck Bureau

Bismarck, N. D., June IA
That soldiers Of the American ex-
peditionary force resent the bush
whacking attempts of the oppo~
ncnis OF progress to attack the
Nonpartisan league is indicated
by letter received in Bismarck
from Corporal Val II. Cowles. of
Company X, 252nd infantry. A
number of North Dakota men are
in this regiment, and they have
forwarded a brief testimonial of
their confidence in Governor
Frazier and his administration.
The letter from Corporal Cowles
follows:
Continued on Page Three,