davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1919-02-16

to some extent by the organic matter
in the lakes, and that the compounds
thus produced are not equally solu-
Bile.
Big Research Field.
The chemistry involved in the de-
velopment of potash lakes presents
an attractive field for research.
Probably the compounds enter the
lakes mostly as sulphates. These
in the presence of organic matter
and iron of the sands are reduced to
suiphides and finally changed to
carbonates. The first compounds
to be thrown out of solution would
be the salts of magnesium and cal
cium. The iron changes to sulphides
and sulphates which cover the sand
grains, giving the greenish colors.
The organic matter decomposing,
unites with the broken up COM
pounds of potassium and sodium
forming carbonates and bicarbon-
ates. This would, with enough
vegetation and time, bring about the
GAltItlkldtlOH VI dlA SulpudACS anu
leave carbonates as the principal
alkali compounds. Viewed in this
light the oldest and most mature
lakes would be found to contain prin-
cipally the earbonates. as they do in
some parts of the region. 7
1t is possible that the alkali salts
do not move through the sand dams
and lake beds at the same rate. This,
if trueA will account in part for the
varying kinds Of salts occurring in
the. different lakes. The investiga-
ton of this subject belongs to what
is called physical chemistry.
Released From Bedrock.
Broadly speaking, it may be said
that the potash was released from
the bedrock and its derivatives and
concentrated in the lake beds pri-
marily through the agencies of
ground water and solar evaporation,
and that organic matter and iron
compounds have been important
Omaha daily bee., 1919-02-16
27 PLANTS now
ARE REFINING
POTASH Brine
Millions Are Invested in Ne
braSka Potash Industry,
Supplying Fifth of
COuntry'S Need.

Nebraska's potash industry has de-
veloped within a very short time
from humble beginnings to a point
where there are now nine big plants
and IL smaller ones in operation,
pumping their millions of gallons OF
brine a day and reducing the water
to the potash of commerce.
The industry started with a small
shipment Of alkali crusts collected
along the shores of Mccarthy lake
and shipped to Omaha for refine
ment.
Now there are millions of dollars
invested in the industry and Ne
braska is furnishing more than two
fifths of the potash output of the
United States and, being the leader
in the reclamation of potash from
lakes and beds.
Normally the United States con-
sumes 100000 tons Of potash an.
nually and this represents about
100000 tons of crude potash. The
demand, even with some foreign
competition, is far ahead of the
domestic supply.
Potash salts are used as fertiliz-
ers, in the manufacture of soap
glass, matches. explosives and for
tanning, dyeing, electroplating, pho
Biography and in many chemical com.
pounds.
Thus far, most of the Nebraska
output has gone for fertilizers and
very little to the rehneries. The
marketing of the fertilizer potash
has principally been in the south
and southeast and to such centers as
Baltimore, indianapolis, Richmond
Savannah, Nashville, Jacksonville
New Orleans and Memphis.
To Be Refined Here.
In the not distant future more OF
the potash will be refined in Omaha
and other nearby centers and all OF
its compounds of potassium and
sodium, sulphates, carbonates and
chlorides will be reduced to their
proper values, making the by-prod-
uets a very considerable item of the
industry and saving large costs Of
transportation in the difference be-
tween the crude and refined prod
ucts.
High priced chemicals, the kind
that Germany formerly monopolized
and furnished to the worlds mar
kets, will be produced and processes
are now being developed for the re
covery of soda along with the pot
ash, all of which will enhance the
product Of the reduction plants.
Omaha daily bee., 1919-02-16

1t was just a plain ordinary piece
ohrock that / held in my hand, just
q nice size to throw with accuracy.
Except for the fact that this was
tinged with beautiful pinkish color
would have sworn that ! had cast
many a stone exactly like it at a tin
can in the good old days Of duck
on a rock"
But when DR.. B. H. Payne, late OF
Marysvale, Utah, (from where he
had brought this rock) and now To-
Gated with his son, B. H. Payne, IT,,
in modest suite of businesslike APP
pearing offices in the Securities
Bldg, Sixteenth and Farnam, told
me that all he had to do was to
heat this rock, stir it up with a little
water and separate the resulting
sediment into three little bottles of
powders and in that process he could
make aluminium from one powder
and two kinds of that wonderful
product, potash, which is a magic
name in Nebraska, sat up and took
due notice: / set the rock down, but
couldn't resist picking it up again
/ had to feel this wonder stone
again.
For DR.. Payne and his son are here
representing the Potash Company
of Utah, a $l,s00,000 concern own
ing 20 full claims 600x1 500 feet each,
at Marysvale, Utah. When pressed
as to why they had come to Omaha
to establish a main office they
naively stated that today Omaha was
the potash center of the United
States, and anyone in the potash
business must come here to be in
touch with the world in which he
lives. Thereupon formally well
coined both.
"But now Doctor" l said, "you
may be busy man, probably are if
you are just getting into your stride
here, but I've simply got to know
how you make potash, aluminium
pots and pans and auto bodies and
all these things out of a piece of
rock / thought potash came from
potash fields such as the old social
ed 'akalf fields of Nebraska and
California"
at does" he replied. Lots of 1t,
And they make a little by burning
sea keip. But this is the wonder
process of the age.
II can take that piece of rock
there in your hand, simply heat It
on a gas stove and with the results
obtained from the powder melted lat
1000 degrees). I can produce some
wonderful results. Here's a photo
graph of a potato vine that was
treated that way outside the kitchen
window of friend in Pennsylvania.
It stands there growing at a height
of 8 feet z inches and that vine pro-
duced 81 potatoes, That's what
potash will do for growing things"
And DR.. Payne told me how a
quarter ton of potash of an 8 per
cent solution or strength will in
crease production of an acre of
ground 40 per cent, almost half again
as much. And the whole ton of
potash costs about $45 at ordinary
peace time prices. But he slipped in
a word of boost for himself. It
seems that the potash obtained from
the little piece Of rock Is very much
purer than ordinary" potash fertilz-
er-his product has a ratio Of 81 per
cent on first burning, or is four
times as strong. Think of fixing
your land (if you owned any, for
one-sixteenth Of ton Of this won
der powder.
Analyses Of aIunite from
Crude alunite from
Omaha daily bee., 1919-02-16
THE PROCESS TO
PRODUCE POTASH
STILL A SECRET
Chemistry Involved in DeveI-
Opment Of Potash Lakes
Presents Attractive Field
for Research.

Nature is a mysterious chemist.
Thus far she has refused to yield
up the formulas of her processes of
producing the potash of Nebraska.
Inseurtably and silently she has
worked through all the ages storing
away for the use of man, in the time
OF his greatest extremity and neees-
sity her precious mineral
Those who are scientifically
minded find the secret of the great
sphinx one of intense fascination in
their efforts of solution.
First, it is thought she started
the work in her great laboratory by
the gigantic task of grinding the
feldspars and other potash bearing
rocks of the Rocky mountain re-
gion. Slowly and laboriously the
giants of wind and weather eroded
masses Of these formations and by
devious and patient means, through
the aeons of time moved this debris
from the primary potash bearing
rocks eastward for hundreds of
miles by means of streams which
built them into the newest land in
the state.
Left Table Land.
This construction left the smooth,
high plain or the table land where
the potash region now is found.
The high plain, in turn, was eroded
by wind and water. Valleys were
carved out, then the destruction of
the table land took place when the
sandhills were. formed.
Rainfall and capillary water were
instruments that nature also used
in teaching the alkali compounds
from the mantle and bed rocks.
Water moving in large catchment
areas became trapped in basins and
its alkaline salts were evaporated
to brine.
Vegetation and prairie fires may
have had SOME Importance in the
accumulation of the potash. But,
the only work they did was to take
compounds from the soil and re-
lease them. All the potash, as we
see it, has come from the soil and
bedrock, which were, in turn, de-
rived from primary rocks. Water
was the agency that brought the
solutions to the lakes and solar heat
caused the evaporation and concen-
tration.
The precise chemical reactions
whereby the potash compounds of
the bedrock and subsoil were releas-
ed and taken up by the percolating
waters and the underflow are not
fully understood. Neither is it known
just how the various potash, soda,
magnesium, calcium and iron salts
react under the conditions in which
they occur in the bedrock, mantle
rock and lake solutions. 1t is known,
however, that mass chemical reae-
tions do take place between these
salts, that the reactions are affected
Omaha daily bee., 1919-02-16

aour company" said DR. Payne,
owns 20 valuable claims of this
ore. It runs an average of veins 20
feet thick-in some places being al
most 80 feet thick.
I'VE take a ton of this ore from
the ground in an open quarry mine,
right at the top of the ground if
we wish. It is heated in a furnace,
which incidentally will heat more
than $50 tons of rock in q day.
After heating, the process is 10 leach
the residue with water, simple mix
ing process of stirring il. The po-
tassium sulphate is dissolved and
the indissoluble alumina oxide is
the only residue left"
Marysvale region, Utah.
Custer group. (R)
Omaha daily bee., 1919-02-16
Crack Msefs GrsnI..

whats coming off out in front there r.
asked the proprietor Of the Tote Fair
store In Tumlinville.. Ark.
"A couple Of fellers from Straddle Ridge
snapped mules" replied the clerk, ''and
now each one is accusing the other Of
sklnning him."
We'll, then, why don't they trade back. i"
II reckon they are both afraid OF GET
ting skinned again. Chicago News.
Omaha daily bee., 1919-02-16

Military ignorance Is bound to show
Itself" said a representative in criticism
Of the German offensive. "All ignorance
shows itself, for that matter"
Il heard a lady talking to a missionary
the other day about a Turk.
/" DID the scoundrel wear a fez?" the
missionary asked
"No, said the lady. he was clean
haved.' detroit Free Press.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20
DISCOVERIES OF FRANCE
ARE USED BY GERMANY Y

PARIS Sept. 6.-The gas turbine,
which a large German company is re-
ported to be manufacturing, is. it is
claimed here, a practical application
by Germans of French discoveries.
The principle of this turbine was work
ed out by French inventors but the
trials and experiments were interrupt
ed by the war. The turbine has
spherical combustion chamber to
which yaporised gasoline and air are
admitted by separate pipes and ex-
ploded, as in the ordinary gasoline
motor, by an electric spark. Another
pipe conveys the jet of gas against
the vanes of a turbine enclosed in a
metal casing to which the propeller is
directly attached. 1t is claimed that
the turbine motor gives the same pow
er as a piston motor on half the gas
oline. The engines said to be much
lighter than the ordinary airplane en-
gine and to make little noise.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20
- "LBT 'ER BUCK -
FORMERLY WEALTHY, NOW
ARE LIVING IN STABLES

BELGRADE, Sept. 2O.-In northern
Serbia many families, wealthy before
the war have been found by officers
of the American Relief Administra-
tion and the American Red Cross liv-
ing in stables and chicken coops. Their
homes had been destroyed by the ad-
vancing or retreating armies. Now
their beds were heaps of straw COW
cred with burlap. 1t was all that re-
manned as furniture in their once pre-
tention estates. Penniless and with
no clothing except what they wore,
these people returned in pitiable con-
dition. Many of tn eerfugees made
their way across Serbia in makeshift
garments of burlap bags which had
contained American food sent to re-
lieve their hunger.
The condition of the Serbian peas
ants is beyond description. A large
proportion are homeless. Most famil-
les have been deprived of their wage
earners by death. The mother is now
obliged to support herself and chill
dren on what she can produce on
farm stripped of its machinery and
tools.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20
.N0la AsI. LII, -
AlRPLANE MAN SW00PS
DOWN ON Ex-KAISER
AND WAVES GREETING

AMERoNGON, Holland, Sept. 90
Much excitement was occasioned in
Amerongen when an aviator, passing
above the Won Betinck estate. sudden
ly looped the loop and lived. low di-
rectly over the garden. where the for
mer emperor was engaged in his daily
task of saving wood.
Many of the villagers believed that
the one-time emperor was in danger.
but the aviator merely descended to
about fifty feet above the garden,
leaned over the side of his plane and
waved a greeting to William Hohen-
zoliern and then proceeded on his
journey.
The aviator is presumed to have
been Versteegh, a Hollander. The
former emperor is said to have been
greatly pleased over the airman's
greeting.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20

Chicago 3. Boston 2.
Philadelphia 3, st. Louis 2.
) New York z. Detroit 0.
Cleveland IL, Washington 3.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20
"LET FER BUCK" :
CnaSf I,papte Standings


ItNttTuHy ; SCOfCS.
Sacramento, 3, Oakland 4.
Vernon z, Salt Lake S.
Los Angeles 3. San Francisco 2.
Seattle Q, Portland z.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20
LONG INDUSTRIAL WAR
BEING PREPARED FOR

CHICAGO. Sept. 20.-Preparations
for a gigantic industrial battle are be-
ing made here with the strike of steel
workers practically certain. Unions
deny any intention of force. The
steel company's doing the entire Chi
cago industrial district. Food in huge
quantities is taken behind high wood
en- barricades which surround most
of the plants. Company officials as
sert that only a minority of their en-
ployes will strike. They expect to
keep loyal workers inside the plant
as long as is necessary.
There are 10000 workers In the
Chicago steel district In addition
hundreds of concerns are dependent
upon the output of steel for their OPP
Grafton. If the strike continues
long time production of agricultural
tools. automobiles, factory machinery,
wire fences and numerous other ar
ticles will be hampered.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20
= - "LET TER BUCK" = =
TOO LATE TO CLASSIFY
Announcement

| wish to announce that DR.. j. e.
WoodelI of Enterprise. oregon has
purchased my practice and will be
open for business Oct. s. 1919.
DIR. GEO. J. KIM.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20
HERMAN CLAUSSENIUS
Special Agent
DAHO STATE IIEE INSURANCE

co.
An Old Line Company that does all
its business in the west.
Claims paid on the day of the fune-
raj. All assets, except U. S. Govt
Bonds are in western securities of
substantial worth. Res. office 104
Jackson St. P. o. Bx 3s. Phone 2S1-w
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20

MISS -HEFNER dressmaker. Elite de-
s!gner of Portland. Call 363-R.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20

Yesterdays Scores
New York 4, Pittsburg 2.
Philadelphia 3, st. Louis 1.
American League Standing,
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20

CARDIF.--3O0O Llwynypia miners
struck by mistake when two com
rades were arrested for non-payment
of icome-tax. They had voted not to
pay income-tax after April, but find
ing the mems tax dated from septem-
Der, the strikers resumed work.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20

Mrs. C. w. Patterson. 1906 Dupont
street Bellingham. Wash, says that
her two children Margarete and Irene
were suffering badly with tonsil, ade-
noids and catarrhal trouble. both
were weak and undersize, did not
grow any more. But after taking
DIR. Mellenthin & Co.'s treatment
without operation they are entirely
well again and growing fast. Dr. Mel
lenthin & Co. will be in Walla Walla,
Dacres Hotel. Hours: 10 a. m. to 4
p. m. Monday and Tuesday. Septem
Der 29 and 80.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-20
"LET FER BUCK"
NEGRO BOYS GET LIFE
SENTENCES FOR PART
PLAYED IN RACE RIOT

CHICAGO. Sept. 20.-The first con-
viction on charges of participating in
race riots here in July was imposed
upon Walter Colvin, 16. and Charles
johnson. is, both negroes. They
were given life sentences, for having
killed peddler,
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1919-11-06
KEPT SHOES AS ORNAMENTS
American Footgear Considered by Un-
fortunate Serbian Woman as Alto
gether Too Beautiful to Wear.

Anything that will keep the feet
from the ground is considered shoe
in Serbia.
In the remote rural districts of the
country it is said that many Of the
people live and die without owning a
pair of shoes. In the bitterest weather
they travel through mud and snow
without adequate foot covering. They
consider themselves fortunate il they
can secure old gunny sacks or heavy
cloth, which they tie about their feet
with Irvine in winter.
The first American-made shoes that
were distributed by the American Red
Cross created a tremendous stir
among the people Of the distant VIII
lagos. One old woman who had never
owned pair before took the shoes
that had been given to her to her home
and put them on shelf above the fire.
place. She was as pleased as child
to own them, but nothing could induce
her to wear them. She said that she
intended to save them for fetes, or
perhaps for her burial. They were
.'much too beautiful to be worm" she
said.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1919-11-06
Honor Cuban Generals.

Cuba is to pay honor to the memory
Of General Maxine Gomez, the island
republics military hero, by erecting a
costly monument. A first prize of $685.
600 was awarded recently to Aldo
Gaba, an Italian sculptor, for model
of the memorial, which is to cost $780,
600. Second and third prizes went re-
spectively to Huertas Cabarrocas, a
Spanish Cuban, and Gutson Borglum.
an American. General Gomez became
popular as the leader of the Cuban
forces in the war for independence
from Spain, from 1895 to 1898. He
also took a prominent part in the Ten
Years. war, a revolt which began in
1868. On the day of his death, June
10, 1905, the generals family was pre-
sented with a gift of 100000 by the
government of Cuba. At the conclu-
sion of the Spanish-American war.
General Gomez was honored at a pub
lie reception given by the American
forces occupying Havana at that time.
Popular Mechanics Magazine.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1919-11-06
THINK TERM is EFFEMINATE
Some Tennis Players Object to Word
"Love" as at Present Employed
In Scoring System.

There is talk among the overlords
Of tennis Of finding another word than
'1ove" to mean nothing" in the scor-
ing system. for, although it may sur
prise many to hear 1t, the game is
sometimes spoken Of as effeminate,
and this bit of Technology is held re-
sponsible Nobody has ever explained
why "love" means nothing" in tennis,
but there is footnote in an old and
rare book about card-playing which
refers to an old Scottish word fluff"
which meant nothing" and this, per-
haps, may have been somehow trans
ferred into the game of tennis. Or,
again, the term may be of far eastern
origin, where a word sounding like
'1ove' was used in the old form of
tennis that was once popular in the
orient. Whether or not the termin-
ology undergoes change, the game is
in no immediate danger of falling off
in popularity, and the repeated shout
ing of these seeming endearments
across the tennis net has occasioned
much innocent merriment.-C Christian
Science Monitor.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1919-11-06
Heliun Gas cheapened,.

Up to 1915 the total output Of
helium gas in all the world had prob
ably been less than 100 cubic feet, and
It was worth about s1,700 cubic foot.
But just before the armistice was
signed shipment of 100000 cubic
feet Of helium gas was sent to Europe,
and it costs less than 10 cents cubic
foot.
Helium gas was first discovered on
the sun, by spectroscopy. 1t is the
best gas for use in balloons, because
It is not inflammable. 1t is now ex-
tracted from the natural gas Of Texas
and Kansas.
The method fs delicate and COM
plex, bit is based upon the fact that
the principal constituents of natural
gas iquefy when cooled to about minus
800 degrees F., but that helium re-
mains gas at that temperature. and
hence is easily separated.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1919-11-06
WILL ROAR TOWARD GERMANY
Position of ScuIptured Lion on Fa-
nous Battlefield of Waterloo Is
to BE Reversed.

The lion on the battlefield of Wafer
loo is TO face the other way, and
before long it will stand with open.
ponderous paws roaring silently, after
the manner of your fierce but consid-
crate sculptured lions, toward Ger
many instead of France. Fortunately
for the quiet of the countryside the
roar is imaginary or the lion would
long ago have become nuisance
whichever way he faced. The lion
was set up by Belgium after the bat
tie of Waterloo, and stood as warn
ing to France not to engage in any
more Napoleonic dreams of conquest;
and year after-year it looked toward
France, while behind it Germany pre-
pared for the next effort to dominate
other nations. 1t maintained it's atti-
tude while Germany carried through
the program that separated Alsace-
Lorraine from France; but presently
behind the lions back Belgium began
to fortify. and eventually left him In
the ridiculous position of looking in
one direction while the Belgian fortifi-
cations looked in another. A tame
lion. one might say, roaring for the edi-
fication of tourists and with no per-
sonal feeling about it. But now Bel
GUM decides to turn him round and
let him roar toward Germany as a
solemn reminder of the unwisdom Of
dreams of world conquest.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1919-11-06
Gems Romantic History.

Truly romantic is the story of the
Braganza diamond, stone of 1850
carats, and 'as large as goose's egg
which, for more than century, has
been the proudest possession of the
Portuguese crown. This amazing stone.
which Mr.. Streeter, the great author
ity on gems, has valued at EOS, 100000,
was picked up by three Brazilian out
laws in the half-dried bed of the
Abaite river, in the province of Minas
Geraes.
The outlaws took the stone to the
nearest village priest, who obtained
access for them to the governor, into
whose possession it was given. The
diamond, the largest and finest hither-
to found, was dispatched to Lisbon,
with the result that the three outlaws
received the royal pardon and rich
reward. while the padre to whose
friendly offices they owed their good
fortune was given high preferment In
the church.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1914-1938, 1919-11-06
Surveyors Use AirpIanes.

Four airplanes are being used to sur
vey the extensive forests of Labrador
to determine the value. Of the wood
pulp represented by the growing trees.
Aerial photographs will be taken of
many parts of the peninsula for use
In compiling statistics. The surveying
party, which left the United States re-
Gently for Nova Scotia, is composed
of 40 persons and is headed by man
who served two years as captain In
the British air forces.-Popular Me-
chanics Magazine.