The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-03
Demanded League Have
 Powers Essential To
 Preservation Of Peace
RANCE WANTED NEITHER SUPER STATE NOR THAT EACH NATION SHOULD HAVE TOO MUCH FREEDOM
 FAVORED SAFEGUARDS.
(By H. Leon Beurgeels.)

distinct Ideas emerged from the open controversies on this subject. There were some whe desired the creation of an actual international sovereignty, ef 9 common Parliament and execu- tive power with the right to enact a complete, worldwide body of laws. in short, they wanted nothing less than the fenuneiation of it's sovereign- tS by every State belonging to the League of Nations, Others, on the contrary, demanded that the fullest possible Freedom be left to each na- ton. These relied beyond all else Npaa the moral influence which would ee welded by universal public opinion thanks to the publicity of the de- Alterations of the International Cpun- e4l-te secure the free consent of each nation to be the execution of measures recommended in the same of all, They did not ask that the settlement of disputes by peaceful means should be made compulsory, They did not even call for an effee- tive safeguard against the failure of any State to keep Its pledges,
 French Proposals,
 France advocated Q middle course, While seeking to retain all that was practical and reallzable in the two tendencies just indicated, she was op- posed to the creation of a sort of su- psr-State over the heads Of the na- tloaS which would infringe upon their sovereign rights and hamper shaAr freedom, In the eyes of France the League of Nations could not be a sovereign State, It had but one oh1eet> the 1aalntenance of peace ss the substitution of law for force oA I2731 in order definitely to assure of dis p.,ses the respect due to international Perdaces and decisions, France de- rnaaded that the League Of Nations should be given the powers essential to the preservation of the peace
 The conditions considered by France to be indispensable were as 1o4tow's, First, that the ar9naEeenCs oE eacn State should be limited to the figure strictly necessary to assure internal oraer> secondly that the contingents 41eauared from each State for the es- taAlisaanaeqat of the international force should be so proportiened as to en- sure that the final word should rest with that force in every cases lastly, France desired that this international force should be kept in sSsch a state of efficiency that it co0ld suppress any attempt at aggression with sure ness and 1oToanptite2de>
 The French delegation therefore submitted to the Peace Conference two 2. .aaenI.22ents of the greatest inn
 Art. S-The Hjgh Contra ct1ng Par ties being determined to Interchange full and frank information ss to the scale Of their ornaments, their mill ta1y and 1aa val programs, and the com d5ticp of each of their industries as are adaptable to war-IiEse purposes, will appoint a committee for the pur- pose of ascertaaring the necessary in formation
 Art 9-A peTnaan ent organization shall be set pP for the purpose of providing for and preparing the mill tary and naval measures for enforcing the obligations which the present Cov- enant imposes upon the High Con rtract5ng Parties and making them 81nrneais tely effective in all cases of urgency,
 For reasons of greater importance no vote was taken, and the text pre- scented by the Commission had to be considered as adopted unanimously, On the eve of the signing of the Peace Pre1irnlnaries, the necessity for pre- serving a united diplomatic front had imposed upon all an identical attitude The. prime necessity was that the League of Nations should be created It came into the world imperfect, it is true, and lacking in certain organs of vital importance for its develop rnent- But as Lord Robert Cecil has SD well said, the architects of the League of Nations have not sought to produce for the world a building finished and complete in all respects All that they hay edone-aI1 that they have attempted to do-is to lay soundly and truly the foundations upon which their successors may build
 Opportunities of Armament
 In few months from now the first meetings Of the League Of Ma tions will be held at Washington, and therein accordance with Article 26, which provides for amendments and regulates the procedure for dealing with them in the Congress of the Ma tion-Frauce will be in the forefront Of those Powers that will seek to inn prove this great international inst1tu- lion. and to provide it with the means to impose the universal will upon any who might wish to ignore it and to resort to arms It Is a problem of holding down the powers of evil It is problem of making force the servant and guardian of justice It is the aim of France to realize Presi- dent Wilson's idea of creating a force so powerful that no single nation or probable combination of nations can resist it. It is the aim Of france not merely to create such a force, but to deprive those states which might be tempted to violate law and peace Of the means of persisting in their de- signs.
 These are the objects Of the two amendments submitted by France, which will certainly come up again at the first meeting of the League of Nations, and when that time arrives France will be by no means alone in upholding them. More than one neu- tral state-and the neutral states will then be members of the League has already expressed in advance it's agreement with these ideas. In America, in England, in Belgium, nd in