Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-11-16
-S|MPL|F|ED LESSONS IN
CARE OF AUTOMOBILE
Gucrrlich Explains Functions of Bear.
ings and Their Need in Car
Parts Movements.
PROCESS or "sCHApING IN"
Questions of Many Owners Answered
by Car Expert. WHO Solves
Troubles of Large Number Of
Automobiles in Few Plain Words.

7 Wherever TWO Harts, such III"
Z crank shaft and It's supports, the
q wheels and their aNlcs. move on one
g will have to be fabrication. and usually
Z some device which viii cause de-
: crease in the friction and wear SLOW
a ly. must be furnished. These devices
= are known a. bearings
= Parts can move on one another III
s three ways. namely. they can move in
: straight; line one on TN. other as.
4 for example The pisJons in the Cylin-
= ders; one can revolNc in or about tho
s ports, or rs the wheels on their aNlcs:
- and the end OF a shaft can revolyc
& against a support.
= In the auionohilc where the parts
;, simply Slide back and forth. as first
y given. the prcssures and til rcforc.
/, wear if they are we! fabricated, arc
si comparativly small and So AS a rule.
- no special bearing; is used
- BY far the greatest amount Of NOV
: ing parts move as given in the second
= case; that is. shaft rcyolves IN an
q other part. or a wheel or similar part
= Where the Shaft is small IN diameter
) Eneraliy nothing but sleeve or
> cylinder made OF some auti-friction
= metal. as lron2c or Bahhitt. and is
I called busting; ns. for example
I, The wrist pin SushirGs and UNIVERSAL
< joint bushinC. Where the shaft ~ OF
any size and where The movement is
=
s srcai. The bearing is called a journal
2 bearing" In the engine, the journal
bearings arc almost always made IN
: two parts, for the sake of easy
|. moral. and are mace Of bronze or of
Rabbit. tho latter being compost
: ton OF lead, anthony, tin and cop
~ Ball or Roller hearings.
The Babbitt or bronze bearings have
very low friction, but by The use OF
= ball or roller bearings the friction and
h.. 81 ri hnr
when they are used. there is practically
no rubbing, as the balls or rollers
simply roll between the two surfaces.
Either ball or roller bearings are used
in practically all places other than the
engine.
Where tho movement is as given IN
the third case, namely, when the end
OF smart ,r Il ilangc fas .cned TO the
shaft rcNolNcs or spins on flat sur
face. the bearing is said TO be subjected
to Il thrust and the bearing is called 4
thrust bearing. Thus the bearing
which is placed between the clutch
throw-out, or shift collar and its fork.
is a thrust bearing.
Most ball bearings. and some roller
hearings are SO designed that they viii
act as both journal and thrust hearing
at TIE same time.
Fig. shows one-half of Bahhilt
or bronze bearing. Note the oil grooves
a. 1t is impor. amt ihat these bc kept
clcanly cut and uunobstructcd, as ii
this is not done the oil will not he
able TO get to the entire bearing but
will lubricate only a thin line, one OF
the thick less of the oil hole. When
bearings Of this style become worn
the resulting play can be taken on;
by removing or filing on the 'shims."
which are SHOWN as IS in Fig. - These
arc Scparators made up of bundle of
very thin leaves OF brass. or OF one
heavy p!ec2. When of the former The
play is taken up by removing one of
the leaves, while il the later. little
is filed off II. Adjusting OF the engine
bearings should be done by experienced
Il - he lal rtn ST
the SHAFT SnuEly, yti not band, while
the nuts OF the bolts which mold tne
Two halves OF the bearing together
must be as tight they can be with
out breaking
Process of "Scrnping In
When much play must be taken out
"seraped in NJ This is done ,, by smear
ing some Frussian blue or the shat,
aLG then revolving ii in its hearings.
The rrussian blue Will thus mark ;n.
high spots OF The bearings, which high
spots must then be scrapcd OF aud
the process repeated time and time
again, III ~ ptA't .cA!IY II" entl'" SUI
face OF the hearins touches the shaft
FIGS. and show alibcarinr
as is used in the transmission. diff
feren,ial, wheels. etc Here \ is the
outer raccway, 3 is the inner raccway
G the balls ana - the bali retainer. or
broken. about ;hc only thing that
can hc done Is TO reduce them. IN"
writer does not advise repairing them
Tie way 20 determine when :, bearing
rs nuch worn is TO see if there as
much side play OF the inner raCew.iy
VIA respect TO the outer raceway.
About trr only care these hearings
require is uh:ication and extreme
cleanliness. II the slightest piece 81
metal gets into the hearing 1t may re-
suit in the crushing OF the balls and
raccway. This would hc indicated hy
scratching sort OF noise when the
car is running
DadaN Hearing Described.
Fig. shows what is known as
dada% bah bearing. This type OF hear
ing is usually found in the front
w.nceis NoYccs, when putting the
wheel back after creasinr the bear
in=, s.a.e,incs make the mistake ct
"etting ~" ha's ana ts.!r retainer
reversed getting the portion y where
Il should be III" fact that y is larger
Than u naturally leads TO the BELIEF
that il should come to the larger outer
raceway. Wien this - done the bear
ing VIII likely Toe ruined.
rig. Shows an excellent type %
rolle:- oear!ng Hyatt flexible If
the Tolicr o.; a ro.lcr- bcar!n-s were 20
take position which ~ no: absolutely
ADD ROW Eli-NNI, DRIVING 4