The sun., 1919-04-21

there are which can produce the pulp
necessary TO make paper for the news
papers OF the whole worn.
At the extreme south, pa ssing through
the straits of Magellan, among ferns and
glaciers. he will reach Patagonia, where
in midsummer he must keep fires burn
ing in his house. and where cattle pro-
duce enough meat and wovl to feed and
shelter continent. Punta Arenas IL
the most southerly city on the globe and
contains mansions that would do honor
TO Paris. OF all the cities In the world
Il In the city that has most millionaircs
| In proportion to It's population. The
workman there earns as much as $40
day, and with an open mind he attends
| In his own theatre one day a Catholic
! conference and the next a socialistic lee
ture. The captain Of q ship about to ar
rive at Punta Arenas sent a telegram TO
an agent in that city. asking him to buy
UP the whole supply OF eggs In the neigh
borhood. Punta Arenas had loo, 900 eggs
to offer and the captain needed only some
hundreds. Punta Arenas is the most
progressive city OF Chile.
The Chilean soil possesses everything
that nature has to offer. but II seems to
say gravely to the man who settles
there that its treasures will not be yield
ed up without payment in the form OF
resolute effort A railroad line cannot
be constructed there in which the loco
motive does not have to pass through
tunnel on leaving bridge and over a
bridge on leaving a tunnel. Nature put
copper there in unlimited quantity, but
not 10 or 20 per cent. pure. but only
per cent. pure. a condition which de
mands of man talent. perseverance and
brains to accumulate the pure metal.
| For Men of Great CeIfbre.
Nature put saltpetre there in mex
haustible quantities, but placed il in a
region without water. in which no shrub
can grow, demandin thus cruel sacri-
fees on the part OF settlers. Nature
placed iron there in compact hills but
without waterfalls and distant a thou
sand miles from virgin forests to pro-
vide fuel for melting the mineral in blast
furnaces.
Nature has decreed that this strip OF
land is for men of superior calbre; and
the man OF that country adapted him
self to his surroundings. Of which he
was product. Chile was the first coun-
try in Latin America TO construct a
railroad; 1t has almost Joined the ex-
IRENE south to the extreme north by
continuous railroad line: II In the only
country in Latin America that has pro-
duced pig iron. Chile has constructed
cities in the desert, like Antofagasta. which
are charmingly beautiful. and where to
plant trees II was necessary first to
bore great holes in the rock, then bring
sargoes OF good soil by sea to fll them
and afterward keep them supplied with
| water~-a faucet at the foot OF each tree
which comes through pipe line laid
| to the Cordillera. hundreds OF miles
away.
Man there Is a product of his sur
roundings, no soft spoken fatterer. but
stern. ready for action and anxious to
learn. The writer was asked one day
by cobbler to teach him English. He
wished to speak this language so that
he could come to this country and get
acquainted with it. Afterward he
wanted to learn something about physics,
and In the course OF a few lessons he
FOUND what he thought was an incon-
| sistency in the laws OF Newton
How can bodies fall with equal veloc-
ity in space" he asked himself, when
substance attracts substance in direct
ratio OF the mass and the inverse Of the
square OF distance?"
This incident shows that In spite OF
the illiteracy and backwardness OF the
lower classes they readily show intelli-
gence and aptitude TO grasp the great
laws Of nature when they are given
chance.
Are HOMOGENEOUS Race
The Chilean people form a homo
9eneouS race. The Araucanan Indian
mas mingled with the European colo |
nicer Neither OF the two races has lost |
thereby; both have gained something.
The bold Spanish conqueror received in !
MS veins Araucanian blood. and this |
was like the injection OF new life. The
Chilean workman is fearless and vigor- |
Gus. At the nitrate works It was neces-
sary to reduce the weight of the bags OF |
saitpetre' which the workman carried as |
lady would feather fan. because the |
men who unloaded the boats in IJyerpool |
protested that the extraordinary weight |
OF the sacks WAS meant for giants not |
men. Men Of the upper class and men Of |
the lower class are uniformly vigorous
ana intelligent Several humble work.
ingmen in Chile have become rich en-
trely by their own talent. Congress has |
among Its members carpenters, plumbers |
and taiors
And these three men who have come |
to-day from Chile representing their |
country. who disembarked In New Or |
leans, visited Washington and are now
IT New York. are genuine represen
tlves OF that soil and of that race -
There Is capital difference between !
the historical development of Latin !
America and the United States The
colonizers came here with their wives !
and children: they moved their homes !
Generally speaking. Latin America re- !
oeived men who did not bring wives
with them. but made the Indian women
the mothers OF their children Where !
the Indian was id. he placed a STAMP of |
indolency on the new race In the case !
OF Chile the Indian. sung of In an epic !
poem by Ercilla. injected into the race
some defects. but at the same time MANY I
virtues. In other countries II was neces-
sary To bring the negro from Africa to |
do the heavy labor. Chile has no ne
groes. because Its autochthOnous pOpu- /
lation was strong and willing TO work |
1t cid not have to ask Africa for its |
muscle
Culture BEING Acquired.
But this is true in relation TO all |,
Latin America. The Indian has been in !
corporated into the race and society as |
at present constituted has had to follow !
the road to civilization from the depths I!
Culture and the sterling habits of the ,
| human race must be learned The strug- !
gle Is arduous and desperate. but the |
battle Is being fought The present |,
| Government of Chile has allotted 10000 /
, 900 pesos extra for the promotion Of |
popular eduCatlon. The United States /
, brought 10 their coil the highest culture
OF the epoch and cannot regard with
contempt the relative cultural hardness
Of oil,