davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
SIOUX FALLS POSTAL
CLERKS ARE ORGANIZED

Sioux Falls. s. D., Feb. .12.-At .
meeting of the local railway postal
clerks and other p~ostoffice employees
who were not affiliated with some 9TH
err union, an organization was perfect
ed, which will be affiliated with tho
brotherhood of Railroad Clerks, q ma
tional organization. The following off,
GERS were elected: President, o. T.
Fagg; vice president, T. ". Dawson;
secretary, Vera Sw~earengen; treasurer,
A. S.. Olson. Protective committees
were appointed for the various railroad
lines entering Sioux Falls. Other nee
essary committees were appointed. The
purpose Of the union Is to protect the
railway postal clerks and employees as
to working conditions and salaries.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
MAN AND MARRIED
WOMAN BEING HELD

Deadwood, 8. d, Feb. 19.--James
Watts, who arrived in Lead about six
weeks ago from the Aberdeen, s. d.
district, and a woman who is alleged
to have been with him most Of the
time since his arrival in the Black
Hills have been arrested and lodged in
the county Jail Of a statutory charge.
They were arrested on complaint OF
a man named Schlicling, the husband
OF the woman, who followed them to
the Black Hills. When Schlicling dis
covered that his wife had disappeared
from their home he inquired about the
whereabouts OF Watts, ascertaining
that he had departed for the Black
Hills. On SchIicling's arrival In Lead
he found that his surmise was COR
rect, for his wife was with Watts. The
woman is about 80 years old and has
no children.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
SOME BOOZE IS
UNACC0UNTED FOR
Liquor Seized at Miller, s. D.,
Taken to Sioux Falls as Evil
dence-Some Left For
Same Purpose.

Miller s.. D., Feb. 8.-The troubles oil
Dennis Baker, who was fined $3.50 ant
costs and given 60 days in jail for re-
ceiving lis quart bottles Of LIQUOR
packed n oil barrels. are not over, 1t Ia
believed, for q government agent came
here from Sioux Falls this week and
o 80 Of the bottles of whisky and
three barrels back with him.
The officers and others in charge
here feel a little bit touched because
h federal officers at Sioux Falls took
the 80 quarts instead Of leaving 1t here
They did leave IL quart bottles OF II tc
have as evidence In a case that will
come up later. This caves some quarts
u~naccounted for but It is claimed that
these were broken when taken from
the barrels.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
POTATO GROWERS TO
LOOK INTO GRADING

WATERFOWL. S. D., Feb. S.--A hearing,
at which potato growers or others In
terested, will be given an opportunity to
appear and present their reasons why a
proposed standard. of grades for South
Dakota grown potatoes should not be
REQUIRED, will be held In WATERFOWL
Saturday morning by the state market
ing department.
The marketing department has pro-
-mulgated the standards with a view to
securing uniformly graded potatoes for
export. 1t believes the adoption of the
standard will raise the value Of the
South Dakota grown potacoes on for
sign markets.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
DAIRY PRODUCTS SHOW
BIG VALUE INCREASE

Bookings. s. d., Feb. 10.-The value
IS, 1857, 700 more In 1918 than In 1917,
the amount for 1917 being $21, 0s5. 900,
and for 1913 $24,763.6 500. The largest
single item was creamery butter, which
was valued at $12.io2.o00. The 1918
production was more than "a per cent
greater thar that Of 1919. The IS ice
cream factories Of TIE state manufac-
tured about TOO. 900 gallons OF Ice cream
last year, These figures are taken
from a summary OF the dairy and
creamery business OF the state for the
fiscal years ending June 30. 1917 and
tis1s, compiled by A. p. Ryger. state
dairy expert.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
.NuRsERY'EARM SELLS
FOR NEW HIGH PRICE

Yankton, s. D., Feb. 12.-The record
price for South Dakota land, it is be-
lieved, was paid when the home place
Of the Whiting Nursery Company, con-
sisting of AZ acres, was sold to Fred
Dralle for $500 per acre. The tract is
covered with nursery trees which the
company will remove before June j.
It is thought that the recent decision
by Yankton county farmers to pave
the main roads OF the county did much
to increase the price Of this particular
piece of and as 1t was recently offered
for sale at a lower price.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
u. S. Troops Force |. W. W.
From Hall at Bayonet Point.
Seattle Strike Is Officially
Ended.
ey United Press.

Butte. Mont. Feb. lI.--Unlted States
troops drove returned soldiers aud
strikers at the point OF the bayonct
from the ]. w. w. ..0il thls morning.
Two men and one woman were slightly
hurt by bayonet thrusts.
II Is alleged the strikers and returned
service men were singing German
The sheriff and county attorney told
the elected crowd TO return TO the hall
and continue their meeting. No arrests
were made.
The stoppage of transportation here
this morning was effected by pickets
who persuaded the crews 10 take their
cars TO the barns.
Transfers met this afternoon to con
duct a strike vote. Most Of the unions
have selected delegates to the workers,
soldiers and, sailors council which
c)aims TO control the local situation.
Five hundred returned soldiers are
picketing the mines today.
More Troops Arrive.
One hundred United States troops
arrived in Butte Sunday from Fort
George Wright, Spokane, to strengthen
the company which has been on duty
here.
The commander OF the United States
army forces here today issued a proc
lRmation guaranteeing protection to all
miners who wish to work. Only q few
engineers are now working In the
mines.
The ]. w. w. have initiated the mill
tary In the formation Of companies.
Picketing of the mines still is going on.
The mining companies are leading a
crusade for lower living conditions In
Butte. The trouble was precipitated
here when the copper mines announced
q reduction Of 81 per day in wages last
week. The miners struck shortly after
ward. kt3 t ~
Mayor Maloney announced this
morning that, owing 10 lack az funds in
the city treasury, he would lay OF all
ilremen and policemen ut Don
hi street car men at 2 o'clock this
morning took their cars TO the barns.
If tho mayor follows out his threat
regarding the police, the city will be
left only with the protection OF the
United States troops at o timo when II
Is threatened with a general strike
similar to the. one In Seattle.
1t is believed the efforts to get the
engineers to walk out will succeed dur
ing the day. The strikers are jubilant.
They arc confident the strike will soon
become general. They say a few days
must be allowed to permit ali OF the
unions to vote.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
HURON PLANNING TO
DO MUCH BUILDING

Huron, s. D., Feb. 12.-Huron's build
ing plans for the coming year will cost
approximately $1,000, 000, DIR. Fl. NJ.
Gage. president Of Huron college, told
Juror citizens at the annual smoker
and business meeting OF the Huron
Commercial club here, A crowd OF
several hundred men heard the address.
Officers elected to head the club during
the coming year were: c. s.. Laughlin,
president, and w. H. Vollmer and w.
M. Mason, reelected to the Offices Of
vice president and treasurer. respect
lively.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
BY United Press.

Seattle, Wash, Feb. 11--When the
general strike committee of $50 repre-
s~entatives OF local unions met this
morning conservative members planned
to break the strike through Withdraw
ing sonc OF the less determined unions.
Mayor Ole Hanson has issued q
statement declaring the backbone of
the strike broken. He demanded that
the strike leaders be prosecuted.
The citizens committee ISSUED a
statement declaring Seattle had de-
feated M attempt at a ''~bolsheyisf rev
oiatiop."
Tho big strike committee after a
session iasting over IA hours decided
early Sunday morning that the strike
. should go OH. The Union Record. the
union organ, announced that the vote
was unanimous. Some said the vote
was 20 10 IS agatns, tho motion TO call
eff the strike.
Some OF the unions considered most
likclyIo withdraw from the strike are
the Earbers' union and the carmen's
union. The union OF ianitors OF public
schools returned to work today.
Business generally attempted a nor
mai assumption OF activity following the
mayors threat TO shoot on sight" any
ono causing any disturbance.
Following the return Sunday OF the
street car mems union and he opera
ton OF practically all cars on a normal
schedule, according 10 officials OF tbs
Puget Sound Traction Company, the
jitncy drivers, teanistcrs and women
harbers and garbage drivers had voted
10 go to work Monday.
The cooks and assistants unions
however, had, by overwhelming vote
decided to stay or striie, and similar
action was taken by longshoremen.
Thcaters VIII be open tonight. The
theatrical federation having been the
last TO notify of it's intention 10 DIS
continue striking.
The hig breaking point OF he strike
occurred Sunday morning at 8 O'clock
when street car men returned TO work
While rest warrants are gradually open
ing. tlr majority still are closed
thronE!f lark OF union help,
II Is fae object Of conservative mem.
bers oi lie s,rike committee 70 efec'
an Immediate ena Of the strike today
but Opposition is expected from thu
radicals. The conservatives hope te
have ever2 unioa maj with the excep'
ton Of sh;p:ar,r workers back az worI
within 81 1Iocrs.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
eEREsFoRp PLANS TO
DO MUCH BUILDING

B~eresford, s. D., Feb. Understood
will have a substantial building boom
during the spring and summer A
number Of new dwelling houses will
be erected TO meet the growing de-
mands and in addition several new
business houses are being planned.
Among the latter projects Is a city
auditorium. It is also expected that
a new sewage system viii be con-
structed ana thnt considerable pacing
win be fs:i'shed before fan
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
'BROTHERH00DS WANT
NATIONAL CONTROL
Representative Of Railroad
Unions Advocates Permanent
Government Ownership.

washington, Feb. l1.-Permancnt
ownership of the railroads as "the only
solution of the problem" was, adopted
today BIZ the Senate Interstate Com
merce committee by A.. e. Garretson,
CT the railroad brotherhoods,
Garretson said he represented vir-
tuaily all the railroad unions with n
total membership Of ], 5000 men.
I'VE are strongly of the opinion that
the railroads can be best administered
by a direct government agency oper-
atea not to make profit. but to furnish
service at actual cost to The people"
he declared.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
BEApLE COUNTY IN
NEED OF COURT HOUSE

Huron. S. D., Feb. 8.-The question
of whether Beadle county is to have a
new court house here is being discussed
in Huron and the matter has been
taken UP. at the meetings Of business
men. It is pointed out that the present
building, which vas erected In the
early SOS. is not adequate for the needs
of the county and that the vaults are
in no condition to Withstand a fire
should n occur. Mortgages, bonds
and other securities valued at close to
$500, coo are deposited in he vaults,
together with other valuable records
which could not be replaced IL the
building should be destroyed, 1t is said.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
Dis ESTATE TO
CAUSE 4 BATTLE.
Relatives Of South Dakota Pho
neer to Garry Matter Into
Court-Sioux City Man
Party to Suit.

Mitchell, SD, Feb. 10--A legal battle
for the possession Of the 100000 estate
OF Joseph Gilfllan, aged Dawson counV
ty pioneer, who died last December,
aged 96 years, will be fought In tho
probate court here In the near fu-
ture.
Dale Barr, Of Mitchell; John Gilhllan,
of Ethan. 8. D., and Marvin Giihilan. Of
Sioux City, Ia, have brought suit "a
old man was unduIy Influenced by w,
Gilhllan, another son., declared null
and void. The plaintiffs allege that tne
old mar was unduely Influenced by w.
III. Gilillan, with whom he spent the
latter years OF his life. They declare the
will fled, which was drawn in Febru-
AIRY, 1915, was executed while Gil
illan. ST., was III, in bed; that his mem
ory was failing ana that he was ment.
ally incompetent to dispose OF Ms
estate.
The Gilfllan viii b~eQueaths to Eva
Gilnllan. q granddaughter, n quarter
section OF land, and divided equally be-
tween her and w. II. Gilhllan all the
personal property, valued at approxi'
mately $50, 900. The balance OF the es'
tate. amounting to about $4,000 IL
real estate 10 willed to w. H. Giltlian,
with the exception of $500, 5000 OF
which is bequeathed to Dale Barr. the
other $200, being divided equally be.
tween John and Marvin Glfllan.
Besides the three plaintiffs In thf
case there are 10 hears at law, not
mentioned In the will. who expect to
participate in the division Of the estate
IL the contest 10 successful.
No date has been set for the hear
ings, but It II. expected Judge o. c,
Thompson will hear the case some time
this month.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
PURSUIT PILOT TO
COLUMBUS SCHOOLS

West Point, Neb, Feb. 1o.--Prof. j..
l.. Rich, of ~Gothenburg, formerly q high
school instructor at West Point, has
been appointed instructor in physical
education and athletics in the Column
bus public schools. Professor Rich has
just been honorably discharged from
h army, where he qualified as a pur-
suit pilot in aviation. with the rank of
lieutenant and also served as an in
structor at n Of the training camps.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
THREE EAGLE BUTTE
BOYS WERE WOUNDED

Mitchell, S. D., Feb. S.-Eagle Butte,
Dewey county, furnished her allotted
share of veterans for d~emocracy's
:ause. Three OF her son already are
back from Europe, and each Of them
bears the mark OF the Hun. Ben
Young is minus his left foot; Walter
Olson has lost one eye, and Fred Lo-
e has the trace of a machine bullet
across the four fingers of one hand.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

The ancient thoroughfars which for
COO years has encircled Lucca, Italy on
top OF the city wall, and which has
been officially renamed Boulevard
President Wilson. is 30 wide that IL
horses can be driven abreast In II.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
UNIONS BREAK AWAY.
BY Associated Press.

Seattle, Wash, Feb. 11.-Thirty thou
sand striking union employees were
back to work here at noon today, when
the general strike committee at
O'clock today declared of the sympa-
thetic strike designed to help $4,000
striking metal trades workers enforce
their demands for higher wages.
The general committee, in calling off
the sympathetic strike. also requested
that all unions which had voted tn re-
turn. to work walk out again today and
return with the rest tomorrow noon.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
ruaE STRIKE
By Unitcd Iofess

LondcM firb. tl.-With trarsporta-
tioa In IT'D London district again nor
Jnal AZ e result OF settlement Of the
spbvaJ Strike. t;rcat Britain faced the
possibility uf 4 nationwide walkoat of
elretricp! workers.
Tie t~ituaiirp ia J~sclfas, Is I'm
changed !iu, ,lc irish labcr, eons ress
at n rDr,.: ? reSsion in Dublin. aeciGed
~ dema.i q ~ hour week opd 80 -
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

The Cutters Company, Of Sheffield.
England. was incorporated by act Of
parliament In 1924 and invested with
powers for the good order and gov
eminent Of makers of knives, scissors,
shears, sickies and other cutlery
waree.' r. ~ ....a
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

MI. and Mrs. George W. Frye, Of OK
hridge. Me-. recently celebrated their
10th wedding anniversary. Mr.. Frye
who 10 In his s2nd year. put in the early
hours Of the forenoon splitting wood
He o thread q needle and reads with
out glasses. Mrs. Frye. who is Sc. is q
great seamstress. ,e B.. ~ ."
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

The new store Of the Wing On Conn
Dary. which vas recently opened in
che principal business ~thoroughfare of
Shanghai. China, 10 the second largest
modern Chinese department store to
be opened there. $50"
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

Mrs. Anna Miller. Of Lancaster. Ohio.
who recently celebrated her 102nd
birthday. recalls selling butter at q
cents q posnd and eggs at 8 cents q
dozen In the '+0s. while her husband
cut wheat for ~ cents a day. She stiii
has her spinning wheel on which she
spun both flax and wool for use Of
soldiers In the Mexican and civil wars.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

Ladybugs will be collected by forest
service men In Oregon before the period
Of liberation 10 ended and freed In
the wheat fields of the state to fight
the aphides. OF which the ladybus IL
the natural enemy. The ladybug hi
bernate on mountain tops and in pro-
tected cAnyones ut
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
MYSTERY SURROUNDS
DISAPPEARED SOLDIER

Bookings, s. d, Feb. 1o.-Mystery
surrounds the fate Of Corporal s. A.
Enright OF the 28th infantry, son OF
Mrs. Joseph Enright, OF Bookings,
who was reported missing in action
about three months ago while serving
with the American army In France.
Recent information received by the
mother and sisters of the missing sol-
der from the war department at WASH
ington is to the effect thai no trace
OF the missing mar yet has been found
Corporal Enright vas born on a Brook
ings county farm in 1889. He enlisted
at Spokane, Wash, and went over
seas in December, 1917. He had been
on the front with his regiment since
April, 1918, and has been in some of
the most desperate battles. At the
time Of his enlistment he was a railroad
a He has a wife on the coast. His
relatives yet n hopeful that he may
be found among the American prisoners
released by the Germans.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

The first published description Of
the "divining rod" for tracing under
ground streams Of water was con-
tanned In Agricoia's r de MetallicA,"
dated 1850.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
REFUSE TO WITHDRAW.

Berlin,, Feb. 0 tdelayedp.~-The, Polish
yo,ksrat has refused the German de-
uianG for Withdraw OF its troops from
tire prov nee Of Posen nd has called all
Poles OF military age TO the colors for
defc rse Q, that territory IL vas learned
tcday. r. laatlsf
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

An American firm IL about to erect q
factory In Brazil for the manufacture
Of caustio soda and other chemicals.
The company has already purchased
t20, 900 square meters Of land near the
city Of Santos. state of Sac Paulo.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
DENVER SCHOOLS CLOSE.
Rx Annotated Press.

Denver, Feb. 11.-Twenty-five of the
'65 public schools of Denver were closed
today as 9. result of a strike of the
stationary engineers employed by the
school district, which went into effect
at 8 o'clock this morning. Failure of
the school board to meet the demands.
of the Engineers for increased salaries
resulted in the calling of the strike.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
STRIKE D U
BY United Press.

New York, Feb. ia walkout OF
$4,000 building trades workers In many
eastern cities win take place tomor-
row morning, according TO an order
issued by William l. Hutcheson, presi-
dent OF the United Brotherhood Of,
Carpenters and Joiners.
The strike win be on all Jobs OF the
Building Trades Employers Associs-
ton and win be. in sympathy with the
carpenters who are demanding a wage
Of STA day. according to Hutcheson:
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

The British twin screw Diesel engined
vessel Gienapp, which has just been
built bc q Glasgow shipyard, 10. ac-
eording To. the local press, the largest
and most powerful motor vessel in the
world. II is Of 10000 tons dead weight
and has two sets Of engines, constructed
BY Harland q Wolff at their Glasgow
works. vs
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
ST. PAUL MAN WAS
ROOSEVELT ORATOR

Sioux Falls, s. D., Feb. 1o.-Charles
w. Farnham, of St Paul, MINI, made
the chief grafton at elaborate Roose-
welt memorial services held In Sioux
Falls yesterday.
LEAD-Caught by q cavein in the north
lode workings OF the Mogul mine, Jot
Meek, 62 years old. was crushed to death
under the mass OF rock which fell upon
him. Meek was an old timer In the
Black Hills and In survived by his widow
and two small children.
TYNDALI-Perhaps the biggest land
deal ever made In Bon Homme county
was closed when corbin Cooley purchased
OF Peter Magnuson what is commonly
know ms the Seaman ranch for a consid-
Grafton OF $50, goo. In the deal Mr.. Mag
nuson took over several farms owned
by +. r.. Barber. brotherinlaw OF Mr..
Cooley. This ranch Is located GEAR Run
ming Water, and contains two sections,
besides considerable nccret!on. IT joins
the ranch owned by Representative w. r..
Cooley. and nov the Cooleys own all the
land. with the exception OF a few acres
on both sides OF the railroad track be-
swscn Springfield and Running Water
a. HL w "I- NLI
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

Flo the convenience Of children In
motion picture theaters a chair has
se~n patented with q seat hat can be
raised several inches.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13
MEETINGS IN ENGLAND.
BY Associated Press.

London, Feb. 11-Representatives Of
many OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES yesterday
met delegates representing over 70
trades unions In an effort to bring
about more cordial relations. After a
long discussion in which Baron Bal
four. OF Burleigh, and w. A. Appleton.
secretary OF the General Federation of
Trades Unions. were speakers, Joint
committed were elected with a view to-
arriving at an AGREEMENT program.
Meetings Of workers were held yes
terday in most Of the big towns In the
country and there vase discussions of
labor grievances, especially the cues,
ton OF working hours.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

There are about 76s forms OF rodents
inhabiting the United States. and ths
annnsl, loss they cause In food and feed
crops 10 estimated at $50, 900, 600.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

A sudden change Of weather win
often put the watch out Of business
~ causing the ~mainsprtns to break
his contraction.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

Giving 10 q shortage In imported hand,
s~erchiefs, the only factory OF that kline
an Canada has speeded up to an output
VI 600 dozen daily.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

Copenhagen engineers are experimenting
with the production OF turpentine from I'll
trecs. the roots and twigs being used q,
srcit as the trunks.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

Denmark farmers are doing little slaush-
.ertng OF hogs. as the normal stock of
1.t0o. 600 head a been depleted until less
than one-fifth OF that number remains.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

formerly M OF the big imports of
Brazil was rice. She now exports five
times as much rice as she ever inn
ported.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

Holly is a corruption of the word
holy. In Germany It Is called Christ
corn. and in Denmark and Sweden
Chrtstt0rn.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

One OF the most notable develop
tents In tho demand in China fos
things western IN the increasing call
for modern sanitary appliances.
The Tabor independent. [volume] (Tabor, S.D.) 1913-19??, 1919-02-13

Bhopal. the second greatest Moham-
medan state In India, has been ruled
over By q woma for several gener-