davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

ing that, some day. federal aid will
be forthcoming and that the roads
and trails will be built by the gov
eminent.
In the summer season, the steam
err Reliance, of the A.-Y. n. fleet,
may make four trips up the river
as far as BEETLES, which is the head
of navigation on this river, and in
these four trips must bring all the
freight of the season. The trips
made by the steamer also depend
largely on the vagaries of the river.
which is swift and shallow. It is
sometimes possible for three trims
only to be made by the steamer.
The freight is all landed at Bet.
ties and as much of it as possible
10 iielSHteu 10 w lSeman on power
scows. and from this point hauled
to the mining claims by dog team
The freight rate on goods from
BEETLES to Wiseman is seven cents
per pound.
The koyukuk river above Bet
ties is swift and very shallow in
places, necessitating the carrying of
horses on each power scow to pull
them over the shallow places. The
horses are carried on a sort of plat
form in the bow of the scow, and
they are so we'll trained that, Just
as soon as the scow grounds, ind
eating that shallow place has
been struck, they walk off the scow
and haul it over. Each scow car
ries from three to four horses.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

There are trappers' and prospec-
tors cabins along both trails at
irregular distances of from ten to
eighteen miles apart. where the
traveller can take shelter from
storms or stress of weather.
From Fort Gibbon to Arctic City.
on the Koyukuk river, it is 100
miles, with no regular roadhouses
between. There are relief cabins.
however, at 12-mile. 24-mile, As
mile, 65-mile, 71-mile, 90-mile, 1922
mile. and Arctic City. These cab
ms are small rough shelters built
, by the mail carriers, and have very
, few conveniences for the traveller.
| They are about 8x12 feet in size,
have canvas flaps for doors, no win
dows. and have fairly good stoves
in them. They are built in shell
tered spots along the trail and.
although not meant for anything
more than a place of shelter for
the mail carrier during storm,
travellers are welcome to make them
selves as comfortable as possible in
them when on the trail
The trail runs most of the way
through open. bleak and windy
country where the trail will pack
harder-cabins are located in patch
es of timber. The distances are
as follows:
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

The time of beginning and ending
of twilight as given above is the
moment when the suns center is
isix degrees below the horizon, at
which time the brightest stars are
visible on a clear day.
The hours during which travel is
safe occur from the beginning of
morning twilight to the ending of
evening twilight. This varies in the
more northerly and southerly lati-
| tudes respectively.
During the month of April and
up to about the last of that month,
the trails, though soft, are fairly
good for travel. The river ice
breaks up, winter trails disinteg-
rate and all winter travel stops
after this.
In this latitude the breakup has
occurred on the rivers, for the past
twelve years, between April 29th
and May 18th. The time Of the
breakup varies but little in other
ATTITUDES both north and south of
Nenana. The temperature also va
ries in this latitude. during the
winter months. The weather OBJ
servation bureau in Nenana shows
that from October LIST, 1918, to
April 10th, 1919, the maximum
Temperature was 50 above and the
minimum SIS below zero; mean, II
above.
| The distances given in the trail
tables to the different mining camps
and settlements in the Interior are
approximate at best Most of the
trails are such as the miners and
settlers themselves have built, and
the distances, in most cases, fairly
accurately guessed on the basis of
the time taken in covering them.
Horse-drawn stages and automo-
biles are operated on the land trail
between Nenana and Fairbanks, and
run almost daily, except when the
weather turns exceptionally cold.
Regular horse and automobile
stages are also operated on the trail
between Fairbanks and Chitina, a
distance of 319 miles.
This trail, at the present time,
serves as the regular mail trail con-
meeting the coast at Cordova with
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

Matanuska is the junction for the
branch line to the coal fields, and
Chickaloon is the terminus of that
line.
Talkeetna is at present the end
of steel on the coast division
Grade has been completed for a dis
lance of twenty miles beyond Tai
keetna to Deadhorse Grading is
under way to the Susitna crossing
at Indian river, approximately 20
miles from Deadhorse.
The distance between railroads
at the end Of this summers work
will be trifle less than 100 miles
approximately ten miles of rails
have been laid from Happy Junction
toward Nenana. :*.". ~,.... i.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

From Whitehorse to Skagway by
rail white Pass & Yukon rail-
road, III miles, where passengers
from Interior Alaska for the States
connect with the ocean boats. Dis
lance from Nenana to Skagway,
1859 miles; from Skagway TO Seat
tie, 1000 miles.
On Yukon River Below Tanana.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

son of the year, from Nenana to
Fairbanks. One of them is on the
river ice nearly all the way, except
where advantage is taken of cutoffs
to shorten the journey, at the nu-
merous bends in the Tanana river.
The river trail is almost exclusively
used by dog teams and mushers.
Dog teams very rarely take the land
trail.
The land trail from Nenana to
Fairbanks leads across the river
from this town and extends along
the right-of-way of the government
railroad to the Joyce Lake road
house (Dunbar's), a distance of Is
miles. At this point it converges
on the regular mail trail from Tan
ana to Fairbanks. The Ohio road
house, ten miles distant from the
Joyce Lake roadhouse, is a regular
stopping place for the stages oper-
ating between the two towns. From
this point the balance of the jour
ney to Fairbanks by way of Ester
City is accomplished without stop.
When the weather is not too cold
mot less than about 20 degrees
below zero), and an early start is
made from either end of the trail,
the journey can be easily accom-
plished in a day, before darkness
falls on the land and renders travel
impossible or dangerous by reason
of open water that cannot be readi
ly seen and avoided in the dark
ness. The time when winter travel
is possible largely depends, in the
various ATTITUDES, on the daylight
available for the purpose.
Nenana is situated a few minutes
south of the 65th parallel of north
latitude and the apparent (sundiaD
time of the rising and setting of
the suns upper limb, on an unob-
structed horizon on the first day Of
each of the winter months in this
latitude. based on the suns av-
erage declination, and showing the
beginning Of morning twilight and
the ending of evening twilight, is
as follows:
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04
kantishna Trails.

The old trail, before the railroad
was built south of Nenana, led up
the Nenana river for distance of
approximately thirty miles to the
foothills, where a roadhouse run
by Japanese is established. This
trail has now been abandoned, as
the journey to within half mile
of the Jap roadhouse can be made
on the train. From the roadhouse
the trail runs in a westerly direc-
ton along the base of the foothills
for distance of approximately
twenty-six miles to Knights road
house, on the Toklat river. From
this point two trails lead into the
heart of the Kantishna country.
One ascends the Toklat river and
Clearwater creek to Myrtle creek
and across a low divide to Spruce
creek, thence down Spruce creek to
the mining district tributary to
Moose creek. The other trail fol-
lows the base of Chitsia mountain,
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

The river trail between BEETLES
and Wiseman is rarely used. owing
to the great frequency of over
flows. There are roadhouses on
the river trail.
On the regular land trail twin
teri between BEETLES and Wiseman,
habitable roadhouses are found only
at Kings fox farm and Coldfoot,
the cabins at North Fork, Relief
Cabin and Windy Arm being mere
ly shelters where the traveller may
rest for while. The cabins are
poorly and hastily constructed and
afford only the toughest kind of
shelter. at the best of times, on the
long trail
The entire koyukuk country,
which has contributed so largely to
the gold output of Alaska, is singu-
llarly unfortunate in the matter of
roads, trails and Geographic COM
munication, and would appear to be
the most sadly neglected portion of
Uncle Sans Far Northern domain.
There is no telegraph station in all
the Koyukuk country, the nearest
one being the station at Nulato,
situated a few miles below the
mouth of the Koyukuk river.
The principal mining centers in
the Koyukuk are all located north
of the Arctic circle, although the
country bordering the Koyukuk riv-
er and its many tributaries, south
of the Circle, notably in the Hughes
and Hog river sections, is known to
be highly mineralized and has con-
tributed to some extent to the
wealth of the Northland.
Forced to have recourse to al
most primitive mining methods, and
bearing the burden of a heavy toll
on such supplies as they can get
hauled over the roads and trails
which they have themselves built,
the 'Koyukuk miners, severely han
dicapped as they are, have worked
hard every season, and added ma
terially to Alaska's yearly showing
in her splendid gold output.
Representations have been made
from time to time for aid in the
way of roads, but, so far, the min
ers' efforts to benefit the country
by adding to its wealth have. met
with scant appreciation and they
are still forced to labor under the
almost intolerable conditions, hop
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04
TABLES SHOW DISTANCES
OVER NORTHERN TRAILS"

Distances Between Towns and Settlements in
Interior Alaska Over Summer and Winter
"Trails"-Remote Stations Almost Entirely De-
pendent Upon Boats for Their Supplies-Broad
Pass Trail Shortens Distance Between Interior
Alaska and Coast.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

Rails on the Interior division of
the government railroad have been
laid up to mile 365, which is within
a mile of Ignite roadhouse. The
Broad Pass trail may be said to
begin at this point. The distances
given in the above table are ap-
proximate.
With the extension of the gov
ernment railroad, on the Nenana-
Fairbanks line, to Joyce Lake road
house (Dunbar's), it is certain that
the trail from this point into the
Tolovana country, known as the
Happy trail, will be opened up, re-
paired and put into shape for trav-
ell. This route leads over a chain
of lakes and is good for travel in
winter only.
Nenana to Miles.
Joyce Lake (Dunbar's) by rail Is
Log Jam Al
West Fork ....-......................... So
Livengood --...,...---...-.......-66
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

From Kotlik, the mouth of the
Yukon. to St. Michael. where the
river boats connect with the ocean
steamers, it is 81 miles. The dis
lance from Nenana to ST. Michael IS
1899 miles. The distance from St.
Michael to Seattle by sea direct is
24S7 miles.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04
Nenana to Tanana.

There is good trail all the way
to Tanana, and the roadhouses en-
route at the places mentioned have
good accommodations and serve
good meals There is a divide be-
tween Tolovana and Dugan creek,
with gentle slope leading up to
the summit
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04
On Innoko and Iditarod Rivers.

From Nenana to- Miles.
Dimenti ..---.-.-.--.,- SS3
ldltarod ll51
Dimenti is at the confluence of
the Innoko with the Iditarod river.
Dikeman is the head of navigation
on the Iditarod river for the steam
ers operated by the American-Yu-
kon Navigation company. Passen-
gers, mail, and freight for Iditarod
connect at Dikeman with gasoline
boats and small light-draft steam
ers. A-Y. n steamers running on
the Innoko and Iditarod rivers con-
meet with the boats from St. Michael
and Whitehorse at Holy Cross.
There are no way stations between
Holy Cross and Dikeman. Two In
dian settlements of Shageluk and
Holikachuk, the former about 50
miles and the latter about 1870 miles
from Holy Cross, are passed en-
route to Dimenti and beyond. Dim
emit merely marks the confluence of
the Iditarod and Innoko rivers.
There is no settlement here.
The entire journey to Dikeman,
which consumes about four days,
leads through low-lying meadowland
containing myriads of ducks, geese,
Swans, and looms. Only a small
stretch of wooded country occurs
within few miles of Dikeman.
On the Koyukuk River.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

NE lIdII lTOm IanaNa 20 KuDY
is on the river ice all the way, ex-
cept at a few small cutoffs; the
trail from Ruby to Poorman il
good all the way through. The
roadhouses for the entire distanc,
from Tanana to Poorman have very
good accommodations and serve
good meals; they also have ample
kennel space for dogs.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

crosses Flume and Otter creeks,
reaching Diamond City at the con-
fiuence of the Bearpaw river with
Moose creek. From Diamond the
trail lies between Moose creek and
the Bearpaw river to Glacier, with
several trails from this point to the
mines few miles farther south.
Diamond Trail.
Nenana to Miles.
Jap Roadhouse, by rail............. 80
Knights Roadhouse (Toklat) ........56
Chitsia Trail
Nenana to Miles.
Knights Roadhouse (Toklat) ..... Sc
Lui end -------- L v
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04
WINTER TRAILS.

There are two winter trails avail
able for travellers during this sea-
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04

From Nenana to Miles.
Koyukuk mouth ..-.-..-.-.---.-- 447
BEETLES .....-.................-.-.-... 1O11
BEETLES is the head of navigation
on the Koyukuk river for the steam
ers operated by the Amsrican-Yu-
kon Navigation company. Passen-
gers, mail, and freight destined to
Wiseman, Coldfoot and points be-
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04
Nenana to Talkeetna-Dista
Table.

Talkestna is the end of steel on
the coast division.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04
DISTANCE TABLES.

On Tanana River Above Nenana.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-10-04
Fairbanks Summer Trail.

Miles from Fairbanks.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
IMPERATOR ADDED
TO THE CUNARD LINE
Probably Will Alternate With
Mauritania and Aquitdnia.

The former Hamburg-American Line
steamship Imperator has been assigned
to the Cunard Line by the British Minis
try of Shipping under the loss Of tonnage
clause in the peace treaty, and will be
placed In service at the earliest possible
date between New York and Southamp-
ton, according to an announcement
made by the Cunard Line yesterday. 1t
Is probable that the Imperator under
new name will be utilized with the Aqui-
tania and Mauretania in providing a
weekly service.
The Imperator is the second largest
vessel afioat, being slightly exceeded in
size only by the Leviathan. Her gross
registered tonnage is 51.s96. She was
built in 1912 by the Vulcan firm of Ham,
burg. she was in Hamburg when the
war broke out and remained there until
after the signing of the armistice, when
she was assigned to the repatriation of
American troops, manned by an Ameri-
can naval crew and made several trips
between Brest and New York. She has
been lying at Pier 4, Hoboken, since her
last arrival here on august 10.
The work OF reftting the ship for pas
senger service has been In progress for
sc ne time and 1t was said at the Cunard
office yesterday that announcement Of
her first sailing for an English port
would be made shortly.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
PRESSING WINE FOR
HOME USE ILLEGAL
Department Of Justice Off
cidI Has So Ruled.
speciol p.,patoh 70 rnr svr,

WAsHINoToN, Sept. 19.--The Depart
ment OF Justice has cast a wet blanket
over the hopes OF the thirsty residents OF
the grape growing sections OF Ohio.
Pennsylvania. New York, California and
elsewhere, who thought they saw way
of stocking their cellars with wine while
remaining within the law.
Under the impression that they could
take their grapes to the long Idle wine
presses and have them pressed into juice,
which In due time would become real
wine for home consumption" thousands
OF people in the grape growing areas
have been swapping the pressers with
orders to press their grapes.
A question about the legality of such
procedure, however. was brought to the
attention of Attorney General Palmer,
with the result that he has ruled against
the practice. In a letter to a Cleveland
attorney Assistant Attorney General
Frierson says:
Receipt is acknowledged OF your let
ter asking whether client Of yours can
run wine mill which 10 used for press
ing grapes for people who brought them
to him. While the Attorney-Qeneral IL
not allowed to render opinions to private
parties, / may say that the war prohibit
ton act specifically prohibits the manu-
facture of wine for beverage purposes.
The fact that the wine is to be used for
home consumption and not to be sold
will have no effect upon the legality of
the manufacture Of such beverage"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
OIL LAND SEIZURES
IN MEXICO ARE CITED
NeU York Man Tells Senate
Board of Experiences.

WAsHINSroN, Sept. I9.-Specifc in
stances of the forfeiture of oil lands in
Mexico were presented to-day to the
Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee
investige ng the Mexican situation by
C. II. Rathbone, New York. a director
of the Tai Vez Oil Company, engaged
more directly in transportation than in
oil producing, but subsidiary to the
Scottish Mexican Oil Company, an oil
producing concern.
On the property of the Scottish Mex
lean company. Mr.. Rathbone told the
committee, a Mexican organization. the
Mexican National Oil Company, had
brought in one well producing about
$4,000 barrels day, and was sinking
another. The Mexican concern denounced
the property under the terms of the
different Presidential DEGREES with pro-
visions with which the different oil COM
panies operating in Mexico, at the ad-
vice of the State Department. have not
complied.
The Scottish Mexican Company is a
British organization. but because of a
majority of the stock is held by Ameri-
cans. Rathbone said the case had been
reported to the State Department as
we'll as to the British Embassy.
The state Department he added. had
made representations to the Mexican
Government to the effect that the Ameri-
can Government did not expect the
Mexican Government to pursue any
course resulting in injustice to American
citizens.
Rathbone's testimony was preceded by
that OF Judge Amos l.. Beatty, New York,
an attorney for the Texas company, who
gave seven cases in which his company
had refused to acauiesce in the confisca-
tiOD of lands and DanaIty haH
been refused the right to sink wells and
in some cases the lands had been de-
nounced by others In one case. he aid,
q well was being put down by Mexican
company.
The attitude of the companies in re-
fusing to agree TO the conflscation OF
their properties, Judge Beatty said was
in harmony with the State Departn ents
protests. He added the oil companies in
Mexico were determined to take no ac-
ton which could be construed as acques-
cence In the oil DEGREES.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
AERIAL L.IMOUSINE"
FLIES TO CAPITAL
LaWson Makes First Lap OF
Continental Trip.

The Lawson air liner. equipped for a
two weeks air voyage across the conti-
nent, left Mineola at $3.50 yesterday
morning, and. flying against n strong
head wind. headed for Washington, land
ing at Boiling Field there at IL 40 p. NJ.
Alfred w. Lawson. the designer of the
Limousine. expected four Senators to
make the trip from here, but as the
time set for the departure approached
and no Senators appeared he ordered the
other passengers into the machine and
prepared for the start.
Then 1t was found that with passen-
gers, crew and Mr.. Lawson there were
just thirteen persons aboard. Mr. Law
son hoped out, and without making any
remark to any one about his supersti-
tons or the possibility of an air ink.
c. lied one of the extra mechanics aside
and told him to pack his clothes foY
the trip. A few minutes later the pro-
nellers warmed up and the machine
went up.
Mr.. Lawson expected to make the
flight to Washington in two hours, but
he said on landing at Boiling Field that
the wind was responsible for the slow
time. The Limousine" sought the calm
est air passage, finally found 1t after
testing several attitudes, and made the
trip without incident. The air liner will
remain three days at Washington and
then viii start on the next lap to Day
ton, Ohio.
The passengers were Mrs. Felicity
Buranelli. Mr. and Mrs. Fred A. Steele,
Evan J. David. Miss Catherine Brady.
Mr.. and Mrs Richard Wightman, vice.
president Of the Aeronautical Touring
Association; :, Tracy p. Lewis and Frank
shever, all of whom paid for the privi-
leGe at Mr.. Lawson's rather famous
rates.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
AMERICANS CANNOT
WAIVE PROTECTION
Government Will Guard The,,
Rights While in Mexico.
Washington Says.
CARRANZA RESPONSIBLE
International Law Will Be
Cited if U. s. Citizens Are At.
tackled by Tampico Bandits,
Special Despatch to The srx.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 19.--Amerlcan ~.
liens who sign waiS IRIS releasing ~.
Mexican Government from responslhiiI,.
for bandit attacks in the TamnIco ~
regions will not by signing them ,oa,
their rights to protection by this Coz
eminent the State Department, ~
nounced to-day. The Departments an.
ncunoement said:
Advised that the Mexican Govs-,.
ment has instructed It's Consuls IN "a
fuse to wise passports of American c,,,-
zens going to certain districts Of Nov.
loo unless these Americans waive M
responsibility of the Mexican Govern.
ment for any physical injury which
might result. The Department OF sta,s
to-day telegraphed to the American cor'
suiate at Tamplco that any such waivers
viii not operate to interfere in the s,jgb,'
eot with tn" obligation of the Initial
States to protect It's citizens under nv
ternatlonal law. eThe Department aiso
has answered private American citizens
to the same effect
THE information received by tho IA
partment shows that the Mexican an.
thorities require American citizens hold.
ing passports for Mexico to sign m.
following affidavit of waiver before thsv
arc permitted to enter the TampIco
district:
The undersigned under oath IA.
poses and says that he has been
warned that the Tampico oil region
liz dangerous district on account ~
the activities OF bandits operating in
said region. The deponent, by reason
. of his business as employee. is on his
way to that region and travels at his
own risk. That In case some ac.
cident might happen to him he for.
mally renounces the right that he or
his heirs might have to present
claim to the Mexican Government
either directly or throrwl any other
channels.
THE attitude of the DEPARTMENT n,
State Is set forth in message in which
acting Secretary of State Phillips in.
structs the consulate at Tamplco that
compliance with the waiver requirement
does not interfere with the relation ex-
listing between the United States and
it's citizens, and that Americans so COM
plying will in no way lose the protection
OF this Government as to rights to which
they are entitled by the generally &C.
cepted principles and rules Of interna-
tional law. Americans will determine
for themselves, in view OF this position
on the part of the United States Govern.
ment, whether they will comply with the
waiver requirement.
There is no treaty between this coun-
try and Mexico upon this question, and
the Departments message points out
that II is an accepted maxim Of inter-
national law that every Government has
power to prevent the entrance of for
eigners into its territory or TO permit
them to enter upon any conditions or IN
any cases that 1t may determine"