davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The state herald., 1919-02-21
For sale, 2 cows $3.50. 3 lors
es 1915. Harold Peterson.

There will be a Public Sale
ut the Ed Brandes farm 1a mile
east of Holyoke on Tuesday,
Feb. 20. 10 head of horses, 20
cattle. o hogs. chickens. farm
machinery and household goods
Free lunch at noon. Sale be-
gins at 10 o'clock. K
Ruggles & Ramsey Auct.
Ed Brandes.
w. l.. Seymour.
J. I'resba,
Owners.
The state herald., 1919-02-21
Electric Shoe Rspairins.

We have moved our shoe 70.
pairing shop to first door vsst
Of W. d. Kelsey's law Office on
Denver avenue. We have the
thoroughly up.to.date elcctri.
cal rnnchincry for shoe repsir-
ing and can and will give you
satisfactory work.
Call and see our work.
Soulc X FinWher.
The state herald., 1919-02-21
A Legal Holiday.

The Banks Of Holyoke, Col
orado, will be closed Feb. q,
al day this being Washing-
tons Birthday, 20 please ar
range to do your banking ON
Friday.
First National Bank
Phillips County State nk.
The state herald., 1919-02-21
I For Sale Cheap.
I good Dodge Touring Car.
J. W. McEwen,
For Sale

One Farm Electric Light
Piaut consisting of engine. dy
nasnao and storage batteries all
in aood order, one player piano
arl 1W folding chairs and a.
b0tt 40 ton of alfalfa hay at SO
psr bon. D. W. Scott.
gS Haxtun. Colo
The state herald., 1919-02-21
Public Notice
Of School District Bond Election
School District No. 80.

L oNuOOA OIHttbNk AVOs -oUs 10 q
.Phillips County. Colorado.
Public notice is hereby given
that a special election of such
qualified electors of School Dis
trict No. 80, in the county of
Phillips and State Of Colorado,
as shall nave paid school tax
therein in the year next preced
ing such election, has been,
pursuant to law and the action
of Board Of Directors. called for
and the same will be held on
Tuesday the 18th dav Of March
A. d. 1919. at the court house
auditorium in said District. at
which election there will be sub
mitted the following question:
Shall the Board of Directors
of School District No: 80, in the
County of Phillip and state of
Colorado, contract bonded in
debtedness in the sum of Fifty
Two Thousand Five Hundred
Dollars ($52, 500 for the purpose
of erecting and furnishing a
|echool building within and for
said School D.strict. by the is
suance and sale of negotiable
coupon bonds of said School
District therefor
The ballot box for the recep.
ton of ballots upon said ques.
tion will he opened at the hour
of two o'clock in the afternoon
|of said day at said place. and
will be hept open until and will
be closed at the hour Of five o.
clock in the afternoon of said
day., Ballots to be used In vot.
ling upon the question eubmit-
tied will he furnished by the
Secretary Of the District to the
Eiuegef d !. N ssss -,
them furnished to the votere.
Each elector voting at said elrc
ton shall deposit in the ballot
box a ballot wlicreon shall be
printed or written the wordr.
For the Bonds" and the words
Against the Bonds and shall
indicate his approval or disap.
proval of the proposition sub
United by placing n cross (\) op
posite the group of words on
his ballot which expresses bis
choice.
No ballot will he received by
the judges of election unless
the person offering the ballot
shall be a qualified elector oi
the District and shnll have paid
q school tax therein in the year
next preceding said election.
Any person offering TO vote
at said election may be chal-
lenged sy any legally qualified
elector of the District. aud any
QUE of the judges Of election
shall administer 70 the person
challenged an nnth. as follows:
You do swear Tor affirm that
you are citizen Of the United
States; that you have resided
lin the State Of Colorado twelve
months Immediately preceding
this election; that you are TWEEN
ty'one years Of age; that you
have resided in this School Dis
|trict thirty days next preceding
this election. and that you have
paid q school tax within this
School District In. the year next
preceding this election; that
you have not voted at this cleo.
tion; 90 help you God Tor un-
der the pains and penalties OF
perjury"
II any person offering 10 vote
shall rcfuec 10 take such an
oath or Affirmation. his vote
will be rejected. II is prbvid-
ed by law, however. that the
judges may reject the vote OF
any person Offering to vote. ".
In their judgment, said voter 10
The state herald., 1919-02-21
I'faxei Germany i2.20.iOis

ltnzel Germany H.W'lOlS.
Dear Folks: Will write you
a few lines TO let you know that
I am we'll and hope you are the
same. I suppose You had n
good dinner Christmas. l had
The state herald., 1919-02-21

ne Capitol Hill Creamery
@ &rs open for business ask
'so e4ssA<se aa1sH~ eataesssss
A fair test and good price paid
for butter fat. Your for busi-
ness. Mrs. NJ. E. Wolfe.
The state herald., 1919-02-21

do. has caused this notice to be
given as required by law, this
l7th day of February. AID. 1919
'(School District Seal)
Guy l.. Bercman,
if Secretary.
The state herald., 1919-02-21

A full line Of Watkins rcmsii .
Irwin S1oek Co. real estate ofiise
J. N. Irwin. Agt
The state herald., 1919-02-21

larry Essex returned Thurs.
|day from a trip to Denver.
The state herald., 1919-02-21
Soldier Letter

Some where in Feancr.
Dec. 8 1918
The sun., 1919-02-16

10 Buenos Ayres and the eastern coast
of South America.
At the present tims there IL consid.
cradle construction yet to be done
through the mountains OF Ecuador and
Colombia, and there remain a number
OF connecting links to be built In Gem
trail America, Evon 30, work on any
Of these can be pushed much festsr
than was possible a few years back,
simply because We have newer and
moro ancient technical means at our
disposal. and our constructors are
wiser and mora caoahie, owing to their
recent emergency experience,
Building and extending railroads In
South America are not novel problems
for our railroad engineers Some Of
tho finest and most spectacular work
OF the kind done on that continent
has been done by Americans, That
we have not stood out conspicuousiy,
20 far az publicity Is concerned, has
been duo to the fact that European
capital has pretty generally pre-
dominated. In other words, we have
contributed the engineering skill, but
Europesu bondholders have had the
glory, We have much to gain by fes-
terins the expansion of Bouth Amer
icas railroads and especially in fund
ing the completion OF the Pan-Amer-
The sun., 1919-02-16

roads; and projects are In hand which
in the course of the next few years
will add some hundreds Of miles more.
One Of the schemes is TO extend the
Potosi- Sucrs road from Sucre, which
Is the capital OF Bolivia. on to Puerto
Suarez on the Paraguay River and d.
rectly opposite Corumba, Brazil, to
which or: the Brazilian Government
Is building q railroad. The length Of
the Sucre-Puerto Suarez run 10 be-
tween 425 and 450 miles. The route
has been in the main surveyed and II
is estimated that construction will
cost a little over $4,000, 900.
New Transcontinental Route.
with the completion OF these pro.
posed lines, there will be provided q
through transcontinental route from
the Pacific coast either at Mollendo.
Peru. or Antofagasta, Chile, to Rio de
Janeiro. The rail distance will be ap-
proximately 1900 miles. To-day Rio
can reach the Pacific coast by rail
only by running south and connect
ing with certain of the Argentine
lines.
In Chile the backbone of the whole
steam traffic system Is the longitudinal
railway. which when completed will
run for nearly the whole length of
the country. 1900 miles from africa
on the north to Puerto Monti on the
south. At the present time there Is a
break in this system between Pisagua
and Chaca, just south Of africa. One
OF the most prominent lines is the
Antofagasta and Bolivia railway
which runs between La Peg and the
Pacific coast end covers a distance Of
The sun., 1919-02-16
Five Known Kinds of Ice

THERE are, it appears, no fewer
than Ave distinct kinds OF ice.
First there is the common ice.
which is water frozen at ordinary at
mospheric pressure, This is called
Ice I. 1t is from 10 to l3,5 per cent.
less dense than water.
II this Is placed under a pressure OF
about 1000 Kilograms the ice melts
TO water. II the pressure is increased
to about 4,4O0 Kilograms the liquid
water freezes again to another kind
of ice called Ice V, which is about
per cent. dcnser than water.
Increasing the pressure TO about
$500 kilograms we ct Ice ", the
volumic pressure Ind the density be-
coming from : to per cent. greater
than water.
II W. freeze water n atmospheric
pressure, but with a temperature OF
so degrees c., ordinary ice Qce - Is
changed into Ice III, which is on the
The sun., 1919-02-16
It makes a r~r- Of SO miles

swinging south for a longer run 10
Huancayo. The Callao- Oroya section
in the rather short distance OF 106
miles reaches the great altitude OF
1856 feet at Galera Tunnel cut right
through the continental divide. A
branch ten miles long extends from
Ticlio to the mines at Morococha. this
spur attaining an altitude OF 1886
feet above sea level, the highest point
yet climbed by any railroad in eX-
istence.
One Here Has 60 Tunnels.
On the Peruvian Central line are
sixty Aye tunnels and -~szty-seveli
bridges, many OF which are marvels OF
construction. The longest OF the
bridges has a span OF 57o feet. and
crosses a ravine 800 feet above Its
bottom. Nearly all the rolling stock
Is American. The locomotives burn
oil, the product OF Peruvian wells.
A line Of almost equal Importance is
that from Mollendo to Puno. on Lake
Titicaca, which connects with steam
ships there and carries a large share
Of Rolivia's commerce to and from the
Pacific coast. This is the Southern
Railway, also the product of the
genius Of Henry Meiggs. who planned
II and constructed part of It. 1t was
completed by Henry Thorndyke, an
other American. The Southern. after
fifteen miles along the seashore on
fiat coastal country. begins its tre-
mendous climb. At a distance OF 10Y
miles from Mollendo. Arequipa is
reached at an altitude Of 1850 feet.
Crucero Alto, the highest point along
the route G4.6sS feet), is III miles be-
yond Arequipa, and thence the line
descends gradually to Puno, 1885
feet.
The total distance from Mollendo TO
Puno is S26 miles. At the southern
end OF Lake Titicaca is Guaqui, which
is connected by rail with La Paz, the
northwest terminal of the line run
ming southwark through Bolivia into
the Argentine.
The Department of Fomento. that
The sun., 1919-02-16

Nicaragua there Is a railway From
that point on TO the Panama Canal
practically nothing has yet been built
that could be considered a part OF the
proposed Pan American system.
Surveys have been made, however.
to cover this section, and plans are
already drawn up for the extension
south from the Canal into Colombia
and thence along the western side OF
South America down to the northern
limits OF the growing systems of steam
transportation in Ecuador and Peru
To-day Ecuador is not traversed north
and south for more than half its
breadth BY rail. and railway building
has not as yet made notable progress
there except in the Guayaquil- Quito
road, which was finished In 1908, NE
construction. materials and operation
being American. This line has a total
length of 2s5 miles. and in reaching
Quito climbs to height Of 1854 feet
Railroading In Peru may be counted
on TO thrill the most phlegmatic The
physical character OF the country,
with its high mountain system par
allel' to the coast along its entire
length, has made railway construction
both costly and extremely difficult in
many instances. Most Of the lines are
short, running from the coast to the
Andes or for moderate distances north
and south. but in two notable ca ses
the mountains have been climbed and
connections made with the interior
plateau lying between the east and
west ranges OF the Andes. These ex-
ceptions are the Peruvian Central
Railway and the Southern Railway Of
Peru, and Americans may rightly be
proud OF such engineering accomplish
ments.
The Peruvian Central Railway,
which has the distinction OF being the
highest and most remarkable line In
the world. was partly constructed forty
odd years ago by Henry Meiggs, an
American. Tho main l.aH extends
from Callao. on the coast, up to Lima
and thence to Oroya, branching north
from there to Cerro de Pasco and. also
The sun., 1919-02-16

the war virtually all vessels OF the bel
ligerent nations, even down to the
small coastwise boats, were wearing
camoufiage, which in many instances
had proved effective. Under certain
conditions OF light 1t was very decep-
tive. Also. II the U-boat was running
submerged. with an officer watching
through the periscope. the prismatic
effect of the colorlng often deceived
the raider and interfered with the aim
ing of torpedo. with water or spray
on the lens camounage was doubly
valuable.
There was no camoufiage which
was wholly effective or made ships In
visible in good weather conditions
The chances were always in favor Of
che U-boat discovering the presence
Of liner within a reasonable dis
lance.
There was no Disgusting the thud-
ding of the propellers which could be
heard for miles by the U-boat's mi
crophone. And coal burning vessel.
as most OF the big ships are, was at
a double disadvantage. The long black
telltale plume mus, go up at inter-
walls and II could be seen a great dis
lance on q clear day.
"Oil is the best camoufiage," re-
marked q British sea Captain. He
The sun., 1919-02-16

with the Central Railway or Peru and
the road Of the Cerro de Pasco Copper
Corporation, reaching the coast at
Callao; or proceeding northward over
the Central Andean region of lakes
and mountains "a highly mineralized
srea) and through the lower valleys
in the Callejon dc Huaylas to the his
toric Inca capital OF Cajamarca, reach
ing the seahoard by a short spur at
the Bay of Chimbote.
At present Peru is engaged In the
extension OF the Central Railway be-
yond Cuzco in the direction OF Aya-
cucho. With the. completion Of this
branch and joining the line up with
Huancayo. an important link in the
ultimate Pan-American railway will
be ready. And now with the actual
and potential sections OF the inter-
continental route described from
Panama down to La Paz, let us trace
existing rail connections on through
Bolivia to the northern frontier OF
Argentina, and thence down to Bucnos
Ayres. To-day there is a direct run
from La Paz to TupiZa. and from there
south to La Quiaca, just over the
Argentine boundary. At that point
one of the Argentine railways runs
south and east right on to Buenos
Ayres.
Because OF her landlocked position,
Bolivia has been wise enough to foster
the development OF her railway sys-
TENS, and che now has 900 miles OF
well managed and well equipped
The sun., 1919-02-16
Grain elevators at
railroad terminal.
Bahia Blanca.

lean system. There may be no senti-
ment in business. but there Is cordial
interest where dollars and benefits are
Of mutual concern.
We have been accustomed for years
to Judge our national prosperity by
the status OF the steel industry. Steel
OF all sorts is needed in the construc-
ton and equipping Of railroads. The
railroads OF South and Central Amer
lea, built, building and projected, offer
US opportunities to furnish immense
quantities of structural materials,
machinery and rolling stock The field
now open to us Is infinitely wider
than 1t has ever been before, and this
principally because reconstruction In
Europe Is going TO give our CONNER
cial rivals across the Atlantic 80 much
to do at home that their steel mills,
&C., win be kept busy on immediate
domestic needs. Further, IL we are
wise and make the most OF our ship
ping, II will be practicable for us to
deliver railroad materials in South and
Central America quicker and cheaper
than our European competitors.
AS has already been outlined, most
of the new work that will have to be
done to complete the Pan-American
system will be in Central America and
along the western mountains of South
The sun., 1919-02-16
Marine Camouflage Passing Fast

TINE great transatlantic liners
which survived the long and
disastrous U-boat warfare are
now coming into port minus the fam
'sSuc dazzle paint used to deceive the
herman undersea raiders. The French
inner Lorraine, on a recent trip, was
Inc hrst 10 arrive without 1t. AS she
steamed up the bay, with her tunnels
painted the oldtime red, with deck
houses white and hull black, II seemed
!" seafaring men that the war must
indeed be over.
The French liners and the white
star and Cunard boats were among the
last to be taken in hand by the camou-
mage artists. Long after the Arabic
was sunk the big White Star boats
were kept in their usual paint. with no
exempt at disguise. And not until
unrestricted submarine war was de-
usred did the American liners take
aaHvahtage OF gray paint. and then of
'neir hrst camolfiage, which consisted
" PINK dabs on a field Of light gray,
s.eht indeed, from waterline to
masthead.
During the last eighteen months Of
The sun., 1919-02-16
Links Needed for the 10000 Mile PanAmerican Railway

End of Isolation of
Southern Hemisphere
Seen When System Is
Complete and Transit
Time Cut in Half
Immense, Social and
Business Gains Bound
to Follow-Yankee
Engineers, Materials
and Capital Dominant
Factors in the Building
The sun., 1919-02-16

meant that oil burning vessels were
not betrayed by smoke.
The first case of camouflage seen in
this port after the outbreak OF the
great war was that Of the Cunard
liner Laconia, sunk long afterward of
the south coast OF Ireland by a Ger
man torpedo. But hers was camou-
fiage Of a special kind. In August,
1914, the Laconia brought nearly 800
American refugees from Liverpool to
New York.
After leaving port westbound, Capt.
Irvine. her commander, gave orders
to disguise the ship so that she would
not be recognizable TO the German
surface raiders then at large. The
Laconia was repainted at sea, and
when she arrived here was to all in
tents and purposes duplicate OF the
northumberland liner Fred
erik VIII. The lower parts Of her fun
nels had been painted black, leaving
a red band. Her superstructure was
coated with brown.
U-boat operations had not been be-
gun at that time. 1t was not until
October of that year that the out
ward bound African Liner Fal'ba1wns
sunk with large loss OF life. This was
the first Of the long list Of outrages
on passenger vessels.
The sun., 1919-02-16
international Trair, from.
BuenosAires to santiago or.
the Trans AndearN RI

America We shall be able to reach
those regions by way Of the Gulf OF
Mexico. the Caribbean Sea and the
Panama Canal. This water route is
a good deal shorter than the trans
atlantic runs to the same objectives,
and this advantage should be made to
count in our favor and to increase the
likelihood OF American steel mills,
locomotive works. car building works.
&C.. getting the cream Of this bust
ness.
And now let US see what is being
done toward the contamination of the
Pan-American Railway project. A few
weeks ago It was reported that con-
struction work would be started very
shortly OH railway connecting Mer-
ida, capital Of Yucatan. with Mexico
city. The road is to run through the
southern part OF Yucatan, traverse
the States Of Campeche and Tabasco,
ard then effect junction with the Pan:
American route at Santa Lucrecia in
the state of Vera Cruz From Santa
Lucrscia an existing line runs south
The sun., 1919-02-16

average per cent. denser than water
and 20 per cent. denser than Ice I.
Further increasing the pressure Ice
III turns into Ice II. which is about
~ per cent, denser than Ice. /. On
further increasing the pressure Ice III
changes to lee V and then to Ice ".
Sometimes these changes take place
so quickly that click is heard. The
lower the temperature the more
slowly is the change effected,
This discovery has u practical APP
plication. When water freezes in
closed vessel immense pressure is de-
velopcd, The bursting OF boilers and
water pipes Is a familiar example OF
this. The water o,SIands in freezing
to Ice II, but II the pressure on the
ice during freezing exceeds about
1000 Kilograms, corresponding tn
10000 pounds per square inch, lee
Ill Is formed As ih.4 Is about 8 p"r
cent denser than water and has less
volume, it shrinks rather than ex-
pands.
The sun., 1919-02-16
Storage bins for Grain,
Province Of Entire Rios.

branch OF the Peruvian Government
which has supervision over all public
works, is actively engaged in the study
and advancement OF several railway
projects which are to connect the
mineral region of the Peruvian Andes
with both the coast and the rich agri-
cultural country which extends over
the eastern slope Of the Andes from
an altitude Of 10000 feet and down
into a vast prairie. where climate and
soil are ideal for the raising OF cattle
and the growing Of wheat and barley.
This Is the proposed longitudinal rail-
way for northern Peru.
In studies made years ago for the
line of the Pan-American Railway 1t
was found that the international steam
road would enter Bolivia over the route
Of the present La Qulaca Tupiza route.
would follow the Southern Railway Of
Peru from the shores OF Titicaca to a
point between Juliaca and Cuzco. and
from there would run through a rough
but fertile country to Ayacucho and on
to Huancayo. Here 1t would be linked
The sun., 1919-02-16
Car Ferry, Entire RIOS Railway.

to the Pacific coast OF Mexico and
thence down into Guatemala, where
II joins a line controlled by American
fruit interests.
The latter runs generally parable,
with the Guatemalan coast, but stops
some little distance from the Guate-
mala- Salvador boundary. There are
two short lines in Salvador, but they
are not joined; therefore the country
cannot yet be spanned east to west
by rail. From San Miguel. Salvador,
to Corinto. Nicaragua, there is an
other gap, but from Corinto to Lake
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-11-08
STATE LEADS
WITH ROADS

That Washington state is rapidly
developing It's resources Of good
roads Il evidenced by reports being
received by the Autt'noblle club OF
Western Washington. which Is now
campaigning 10 establish Washing
ton aa tho leading state In the union
in the matter OF hard surfaced high.
ways connecting tho cities with
natural scenic spots.
Notwithstanding the fact that this
state Ia now leading many sections
Of the country in good roads. tho
Automobile club OF Western wash
ingion IL still continuing its high
way campaign with renewed vigor.
Eastern motorists who have trav-
crSed WashinFton'a good roads dur.
Ing the past summer season are now
writing Seattle headquarters OF the
Automobile club. compllmenting the
hospitality accorded them by the or
ganization and tho public. These
visitors all declare that they are
coming bnck 20 Washington 10 see
more OF the states good roads next
year.
According 20 good roads statistics
prepared by the Automobile club. II
states viii vote on highway bond is.
sues during the next few months.
aggregating s66i. ooO.O0O including "A
sao.oO0,oOo issue In this state.
The bond issue for roads that
Washington win vote on this fan cx.
ceeds the issues OF such states aa
Utah, Oregon. Maine. Montana and
other large eastern centerr.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-11-08
five BOUTS At
VETS SMOKER
Ex-Service Men to Hold Big
Celebration Tuesday

Second only to the celebration OF
the arrnistice last November. viii
be the celebration OF It's first ami
ycrsary next Tuesday. In the opinion
of William a. Gaines. chairman of
the celebration committee OF Roosc-
welt Post No. -. Veterans of For
cign Wars.
The parade OF ex-s~rvice men and
women. which will form on Third
ave. above Pine ST.. Mt 1880 o'clock
nj night, will be led by Col. w. NJ.
Inglls and his aides. Red Cross
nurses and other women who saw
service with the armies In camp
and cantonmcnt. arc expected 20
form an important detachment in
the parade.
The smoker at the Crystal Pool.
which viii start Immediately follow
ing the parade. win be opened by an
address OF welcome by Mayor c. II.
Fitzgerald. There viii be a short
talk on veteran organizations by
Charles II. winders. commander OF