davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

dlsrespect as our modern appellatives--
was of the usual type, unlettered. VIOLA
tile, wasteful and resentful toward her
employer, and not infrequently dishon-
est in d small way.
"She seems absolutely without honor"
complained my baffled aunt.
Then why not put her upon her
honor?" was the hurried comment, half
ocular, that my uncle hurled at her as
he rushed for his car.
That remark set Aunt Jane to think
ing and, later on, she called Bridget to
her and startled her almost dumb with
a proposition which, boiled down,
amounted to this:
How would you like to 90 into part
nership with me? I have just so much
to spend on supplies. Now l believe
you and | together can manage to save
some of that, for it is generous allow
ance. But, understand, there must be
no sklmping or lowering of our present
standard of living. What is saved I'll
divide evenly between you and me-"
Well, as might be expected, the girl
did try to skimp, but she soon learned
that IT her part of the bargain was not
kept the employers would not be. She
began to watch the market more closely
and to study food values with Aunt James
help and the experiment proved good
educational one as we'll as financial, ard
| might say, social one, for with every
bit of practical knowledge thus gained
the girl climbed step nearer the plane
of her mistress. One is not born to
equality of this sort; it must be earned.
She lost all Resentment toward her su
periors, that feeling being crowded out
by the more important one of having A
real interest in common. Her social sta
tus was, outwardly, as unchanged as ever.
but who cared now? She was in bust
ness with her mistress! She might per-
form the most mental act and not feel
degraded, being utterly free of anv
sense of inferiority. In a small wav
she was in business for herself and no
feature of the work could contaminate
her. What did she care for her relega-
ton to the back of the house?- business
is business and the workers place is
where she works. All this TRANSFORMED
ton of thought because of few extra
dollars in the months pay that was
pure velvet" to herl
Verify, verify, every woman loves a
bargain-why not capitalize that in
stinct in the kitchen as we'll as in the de-
partment store?
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

Families became extremely canny, and
finally only six were left to assume the
initial risk. But undertake it they did,
trusting that when the building was
really under way there would be no lack
of applicants to come in on the plan.
A building, with five-room apartments
to accommodate sixteen families, would
cost, they found, about $45, 1000. 1t was
decided that each family should con-
tribute $500 toward a non-interest bear
ing sinking fund of $4,000 Then it was
found that $4,000 could be borrowed
at z per cent from Firms who had been
here for years and prospered, and whose
knowledge of cooperation in the old
country led them to believe that the plan
was wise. The rest could be had from
the Lawyers Title and Trust Company
III exchange for $25, 900 mortgage. So
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
Why Not a Servants Dividend?

VAS anybody yet suggested :. CO.
operative plan for the solution of
the servant problem? Business
men are putting it into operation in their
factories and stores and finding that it
pays, so why should the housewife lag
behind?
The beauty of such a system is that it
works with the ignorant and the edu-
Gated alike, for no worker is so dense
that he cannot see benefits that accrue to
his own pocket. Money is the touch
stone; it is also the most direct path to
the dignity of labor. All ideas pertain
ing to better surroundings, eating at the
same table, using the front door and
helping to entertain the mistress's COM
pany, yes, even irregular hours, are
mere dross beside wages"
1t might help to clarity matters if, for
the time being, we cease thinking Of
women as women and consider them as
men. a girl who leaves the kitchen for
the factory feels that she has gained
NSsotc, yct dill idCIOfy Hd1fCS use S1Qc or
rear entrance separate from that of
their employer and DO not feel aggrieved
because of It, No, the wage is the main
thing with them, though, of course the
actual number of hours of work is an
inseparahle part Of the wage considera-
ton. They have no social intercourse
with their managers. Nor are the work.
ing quarters Of these factory hands par
tlculary desirable-~yet we hear little
complaint in the mems world Of the
things which the women consider an in
justice in theirs.
Socially, women have been put upon
pedestal so long that they confidently
claim it in all other aspects of life. But
there's no room for the pedestal Of sex
in buslness~-be it in house, factory or
office. Women who enter mems world OF
industry are learning that fact and adj
lusting themselves to it, but the woman
who works In the womens world of home
expects equality. She may have her
doubts about all men being created
equal, bat she never questions her own
equality with any woman aIiye-so
there' One seldom hears men, however
much abused, using the expression: "I'm
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
The Family Must Follow the
Factory or Lose Maggie

"But that was in hotels and restau-
rants" L ventured. isn't it too much
to expect that individual families will
fall in line?'
eff they can't secure maids on the old
basis, won't they be forced to try q new
one?
Besides, if there is staff Of SER
wants, shifts work very we'll in a pri-
vate household. The waitress reports
at six. She cooks and serves break
fast, and then has the period from
twelve to five to herself. At five she is
again on hand to set the table and serve
dinner.
"The cook reports at ten o'clock. At
ter luncheon she gets her two hours off.
Then, if the family dine promptly, she
should have her dishes done and be free
to enjoy her evenings by eight o'clock.
Even where there is only one maid
the eight-hour day can be worked.
Breakfast can easily be managed with
out her help in these days of prepared
foods. Have her report at ten o'clock,
get two hours off in the afternoon and
be through for the day at eight.
at may be necessary to adopt an
earlier dinner hour to do this, but we
would soon find it as natural to dine at
six-thirty as at the former seven or sew
en-thirty. Then if for some reason
dinner is later the worker should be
paid for overtime just as she would be
in we'll regulated factory.
Zone thing 1 find is that women very
generally object to the idea of the
maids living outside the house. They
say they have tried it and the girls
simply don't appear for work.
IT'S largely matter OF training,
believe. The domestic will have to learn
to take her work seriously, as does her
sister the restaurant worker, who re-
ports each day with the regularity of
factory worker
IF homework were regulated and put
on a business basis, believe that Mag
gle could be counted on to hold I'D her
end. Yes, and that more Maggies
would be willing to go into service.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
By MARGARET MAR MOSES

NIoU have heard, perhaps, of
I Bella Donner," whose at
tempts some years ago to or
ganize the mattresses of New York City
made hotel and restaurant managers so
uneasy. In 1916 their peace of mind
was again threatened when Bella Don
ner went to Albany to represent these
same mattresses in their fight FOR the
ffty-four hour week.
With employers lined up on one side,
and workers backed by the Women's
Trade Union League on the other Bella
bonner told our lawmakers a thing or
TWO about the life of waitress. And
the bill passed.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
Home Machinery to Run Eight Hours O

conditions factory work has taught
them to appreciate.
1--WE women like to talk about what
soft time Maggie has. A good home
and good food. And she absolutely re-
fuses to touch the laundry, my dear.
Why, | don't know what our grand
mothers would say if they could see the
servants to-day
"Thankgoodness things have improved
since grandmother's day. For Maggie,
too, conditions are little better She
has at least learned there are other
things besides houseworls open to her.
Women come to me here at the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

to put out her money for laundry--if
she can have time to herself.
"No, it's not an aversion to house
work itself which makes these girls so
unwilling to return to it. Housework,
if it is regulated, is as agreeable as fac
tory work. In fact, there is more va
riety in it than in factory work to-day.
Would you rather sit in a stuffy
room and dip candy for eight hours
day-or prepare three meals and clean
a nice, airy apartment? l know which
| would choose if the hours were the
same.
But as long as we hold the belief
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

United States Employment Service for
woman to do general homework. Do
you know what that often means?
That they have cut down their staff of
servants to one girl. They send out
the laundry and expect the one girl to
do the rest.
"She must be up at 6 and start the
breakfast. BY the time she has finished
the chamber work it is lunch time, and
so on. Often she is expected to stay
dressed and ready to answer the bell up
to 10 or II o'clock at night.
is it any wonder girl prefers fac
tory work? Her time after hours is her
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

that across the street they have a CO.
operative restaurant.
True, that on the corner they own
plot of ground for the erection of CO.
operative bakery. True, that adjacent
to the clubhouse they own another plot
of ground for the erection of co0pera-
lively owned motion picture house, with
bills changed twice week. But no one
had contributed much individually to
any of these things. For a small group
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
Children or
Servants-Which?

But there is one difficulty the eight
hour day for domestics does not solve.
And that is, how to have both servants
and children.
So How many in the family, ma'am?'
is always the first question asked by a
girl who is being interviewed by pro-
spective madam.
Suppose there are two adults and
four, three, or even two children. The
answer is always the same:
"'Oh, | can't work where there are
children
What are we going to do about it,
l used to wonder why the rich didn't
have children. Now | know. They had
to choose between servants and children
and they chose-servants," Mrs. Donneu
concluded.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

that a woman's work is never done
women will refuse to be houseworkers.
THE hotels and restaurants found
out some time ago that even women's
hours must have limits. Shifts or
watches, as we call them, are the solu-
ton for them. One watch comes on
from six to three, and another from
two-thirty to ten.
'They might have gone on working
their girls twelve and fourteen hours a
day if the matter hadn't been taken out
of their hands.
you've heard how we went to AL
bany in 1916 to fight for the fifty-four
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
omes-Built and Owned by Cooperation

of families to raise money and build
cooperative apartment house was much
more difficult undertaking, and no one
had given the matter much considera-
ton. Nevertheless, in the face of con-
tlnued overcrowding and unsatisfactory
heat, the idea ultimately took hold and
grew in popularity. Family after family
became keen about the plan, and finally
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
By INIS WEED

rF YOU want to see fine community
shirt, and what it can accomplish
J. in a city where most people do not
.r.u know their neighbors, take the
with Avenue Subway out Bay Ridge
'.av 10 Ninth Avenue in Brooklyn, where
,hs ' Finnish people have two handsome
.o5nerative apartment houses at SIG
vortv-thrd Street They are not rich
,oonle. lust Woodworking, everyday folk
sta YOU and me-carpenters, painters,
n.nerhangers, tailors. typesettem, shop
tosners. who do the bulk of the worlds
cork and do it well.
II sounds like fairy tale, doesn't it,
family on days wages owning the
.nsrtment in which it lives? But seeing
e believing. There they stand, two four
story brick apartment houses, with at
trsctiye entrances, wide groups of win
dows and areas affording flood of
li0ht for every room.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
own-even if she doesn't get a good
home and food
A Taste of Freedom
And the Houseworker Disappears

Girls are coming to the United
States Employment Service from the
gas mask and other government plants.
When they say they have formerly been
in domestic service they are sent to me-
But will they return to it? Not on your
life! They have learned what free
dom is.
IA girl is willing to live in an I'M
heated room, to eat poor food, to have
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
When Discomfort Leads on to
IJnion--Not Revolt

Most of us struggle along alone, pay
,ont all our lives, and accept the situa-
linn almost as if it were the will of God
that city dweller should never own the
roof over his head. But with the Firms
Il is different. They come from coun-
nv where the plain people are learn
ing practical ways of pulling together,
from a country where the workers make
their money go further by having CO.
operative clubs and stores, cooperative
dairies, apartments and what not. With
them our national motto, "In union there
is strength is not a political phrase,
but an ever-ncreasing reality
These cooperative apartment houses
in Brooklyn grew out of discomfort with
poorly heated, poorly lighted flats, Up
until two years ago, when they erected
these modern buildings, the spirit when
they met at the Finnish social hall was
one Of complaint and protest over liv-
ing conditions; especially was this true
Of the women. Their talk ran some
thing like this:
ANNA-Ah, Mari, why have we not seen
you for such a long time?
MAEI-My tiny Hilta, she balm sick with
the cold again. With the kitchen stove |
cannot heat the apartment evenly. 1t balm
every room a different heats. She catches
always a fresh cold from one room to an
other. And then my back-I am broken in
two with carrying coal up three flights of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
Hiring and Firing
Are Her Daily Bread

Hiring and firing are the breath of
HE to Mrs. Bonner. As waitress she
learned what it was to be fired. Then
sue became head waitress, director,
restaurant manager and took her turn
at firing others.
Today her job is to persuade the,
aomestics who went into war industries
70 return to their old work, now that
peace has come. Hundreds of calls
leach her daily at her office in the
oh'eed States Employment Service; an
uhendlng demand for cooks, Mattresses.
enambermads, cleaners, every kind of
A0useworker And each day, Also
NUMBER OF women, though much small
81 number, apply to her for positions.
FOR mistress and maid both have con-
haence in Mrs. Bonner.
l found her on my arrival rereading
an advertisement she and a friend had
inserted IN the papers. "See this She
SAD triumphantly, handing me the
printed slip. 'TRY THE EIGHT HOUR
DA1: WANTED: A Woman to do
"0'seioork for eight hours q dan. Mon
s''sp tn house or 80 home evenings. Pan
]0r overtime
mat ought to bring some one. Nv
','ehd Mr. James is man who en-
S''ys great many houseworkers. when
'e can get them. He knows that women
ssH no longer be persuaded to work on
VIC old all around the clock basis
S'fs' ponner,' he said today, what arc
y soing TO do about it? You know
s'aesef We will have to close up our
''0oses and live in hotels IL we don't
beings ING '''''"''
a., avs true, Mrs. Bonner continued.
's worked myself and / know. I'm
!. 's 'ae woraen Of the country wake an
10 e TACT that houseworkers are en-
ssa 70 the same hours and conditions
sA'sr workers there will cease TO be
s'ass OF domesticg."
VIA, Maggie
Wants
am not thinking Of house assist
49, That's another story. I'm speak
ws ~ sns haggies and the Nellics who
III. o ~ service before the war. They
~ no objection TO hcusework in it.
Aney simply want the hours and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

six were besieged with applications from
families whose sole emotion now was
anxiety lest they be too late to take stock
III the venture.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

twenty avowed their determination to
undertake it,
Faint Heart Never
Won a Home
AS long as the idea hung before them
like delightful mirage.in the sky it was
easy to be booster, but when it came
to raising the money, buying the lot and
the bricks, and risking their money, the
project began to look rather appalling.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

hour week for mattresses. And we won
it, too.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-06

come home. and that on the first Sun
day In each succeeding month 70 long a.
rehabilitation shall continue similar
meeting be held, with such ceremonies
as seem appropriate to the locality.
I'VE recommend that the Grand Army
, Of the Republic and the Spanish War
Veterans be invited to Join in this OBJ
| servance.
I'VE recommend that April 1s--Pa-
triots Day--be set apart rs O At time
in which ali citizens shall do honor to
, tho survivors Of this and other wars
through patriotic demonstrations, ad.
dresses and parades."
Patriots Day Is an anniversary not
now generally observed outside of the
old Bay State, where Lexington and
Its memories are publicly cherished |;
but every State has particular cause
to set aside at least one day for espe-
cial celebration Of Its own patriotism.
To link the past with the present in
the manner contemplated by the Mas
sachusetts committee appeals at once
to sentiment and reason. On such n
day we should rejoice in the unbroken
and unimpaired devotion Of America
to the ideals of her founders.
or the enduring monumental struc.
lures which will be raised In honor
Of the present army and navy the
Massachusetts, authorities have al
ready taken cognizance. "The time
will soon be here" they say, "whon
towns and cities will plan permanent
memorials. We urge that all plans
be matured with care and that final
action be not taken without advising
with the art committee which has
been named by Governor MCCALL"
BY establishing an art committee OF
members qualified to pass on pro-
posed monuments the Commonwealth
Is doing Its best to prevent the cree
ton Of unsightly or Inappropriate
works whose presence would be cause
for regret in the future but which
could not be removed without ap.
parent ingratitude. Here is hint
other States may find useful. The
curbing Of uniformed zeal in the
erection Of public memorials would be
a blessing everywhere.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-06
"The Armed Virgin from the
Marches OF Lorraine"

Five centuries have passed since
the gir1 the world calls JOAN OF Arc was
born in the Vosges, but to-day she Is
Il potent, living influence in the affairs
Of men. She personifies the spirit, the
devotion. the endurance of a mighty
leUpie. Her fne fame grows With the
years. The voices she alone heard
plainly in Domremy c'ho around the
earth. Nations unboil when she won
the title Maid Of Orleans pay tribute
to her as the incarnation Of virtues to
which all humanity gives homage. The
popo has beatified her, and popular
wisdom treasures her memory.
The President Of the United States
is now in Italy visiting the birthplace
of the discoyerer of this continent !;
COLUMBUS was not born until twenty
years after JOAN Of Arc died. Yet
today in New York, Dutch city
turned English and inhabited by n
population which includes every race
and creed the world can show, with
FEWER french men and women than we
should like TO see In II. procession
will move through the streets to a
statue Of JOAN, and in park set
side in her honor celebrate her deeds.
y great public school bears her name ;
an American warship will do her the
honor of salute, Il thing so unusual
that all must give notice.
AS the personificatlon OF all we ad.
mire in the sister republic of France,
as an Individual of extraordinary
achievements, Joan OF Arc compels
our attention. Honoring her we
honor France, the France of to-day.
whose heroic qualities have been SO
splendidly displayed In the most
terrific Of struggles; and IN so doing
We honor ourselves.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-06

navy was never able to accumulate
during the war the 800 of undersea
boats deemed necessary by her authori.
ties to carry out successfully against
the defences erected by England.
France, Italy and the United states
the Won Tirpitz programme. A great
many OF the submarines were con
stantly in dry dock for repairs, and
the finding OF crews for those on
active service presented constantly in
creaslng difficulties. Admiral SINS
has said that the U-boats at sea were
much fewer in number than the pub
lie generally supposed. Captain PER
sEUs, the German naval critic. has
put 1t at not higher than score at
any time. Unrestricted undersea war
fare actually was restricted by me-
chanlcal limitations, and by the in
telligent and daring methods Of repres-
sion adopted to overcome 1t.
From the facts now available 1t ap-
pears that the authors Of ruthless
ness at sea overlooked two important
factors their lack Of capacity to send
to sea enough U-boats for their pur-
pose. and the skill and resourceful-
ness Of their enemy nations in fight
Ing those they did get out.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-06
SAYS U. s. LOAN Is
POLAND'SSOLEH HOPE
Commissioner Declares Refusal
Would Cause 100000
Deaths This Winter.
OBSTACLE rs TECHNICAL
Agent Insists Nation Really
Participated in War and
Deserves Aid.
Seecidi Dsspafch to The srS.


WASHINGTON. Jan. 5.--A strong appeal
for loan from tho American Govern
ment to the Polish nation was made to-
night by John +. Smulski, Polish Com
missioner in the United States. in the
absence OF Ignace Paderewski. It Is
based on the plea that Poland, while not
technically at war with Germany. gave
quarter OF million of her sons TO
fight Prussianism and by barring the
way TO Russia prevented a German
victory in the first year Of the war. TIE
appeal followed conferences among rep
resentatives of Poland, the State Depart
ment and the Food Administration.
Two and a half million of Poles will
die this winter unless the technical bar
rier to the United States lending money
TO Poland is removed, Mr.. Smulski de-
clared
Unless this ruling IA changed" he
said, 'tho Polish people are practically
doomed to starve. Technically, their
position Is not legal. and I am advised
that only Congressional action will make
possible the opening of the purse strings
OF the American people. This is so mon
strous an observance of procedure and
precedent that cannot believe the Amer
lean people will sustain such a stand, and
am planning an appeal TO Congress for
good loans to be made TO the Polish ma
ton. There is not. Pole in the United
States but would give the last loaf from
his cupboard and the roof over his head
TO aid his distressed countrymen. but
real relief can only be a Governmental
undertaking."