davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Supervision by the Interstate
Commerce Commission (in con.
junction with the six Regional
Commerce ), Commissions), over
issue and sale Of securities and
over the expenditure Of proceeds.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

= Adjustment Of wages. hours
Of labor and other conditions Of
service Of employees by boards
consisting Of equal numbers Of
representatives Of employees and
'omcers OF the railroads. with ap-
Federal Transportation Board a.
referee.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Authorization Of each Regional
Commission to act as q Board of
Cancellation or Arbitration In all
controversies between the car
rierD and the employees In its re-
gion, its decisions being subject
to review by the Interstate Com
merce Commission.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Federal Incorporation Of all ex-
listing railroad companies and Of
all new consolidated companies
with requirement that each
railroad company shall be man.
aged by t2 directors Of whom 8
employees and z 70 represent the
principal Interests In the terri.
tory served by the systsm.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Complete supervision BY the In
terstate Commerce Comm1ssion
of the issuance Of all securities
and the expenditure Of the pro-
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Determination of wages by the
Board Of Directors Of the Cor
poration.
Adjustment Of disputes between
officials and men by boards TO
which the operating officials elect
5 members and the men 5 meme
bers: with appeal to the Dfrec.
tors In case the Board fails to
reach IN adjustment.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Consolidation Of existing lines
into strong competitive systems
wherever found to be in the pub
lie interest: and also provision
terminals when in the public IN
teregt.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Permission to consolidate exist
ing railroads when found by the
Interstate Commerce Commits
public interest
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Exclusive federal regulation Of
the capital expenditures and the
security Issues Of ali railroads
engaged In interstate commerce,
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Federal Incorporation OF the
National Railways Operating
Corporation dor q term OF 100
years with Q board OF is direc-
tors named by the President, 8
elected by the operating officials
and s elected by the classified
railroad employees.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Initiation Of rates by carriers
subject to the approval Of the. In
terstate Commerca Commission.
state Commerce Commission shall
divide the country into rate dis
.tricts and the carriers into rate
groups for rate making purposes.
Regulation Of all rates that at
feet Interstate commerce by the
Interstate Commerce Commission
under q statutory rule providing
that in making rates for the sew
eral rate groups the Commission
shall take into confederation the
interest Of the public. the ship
pers. the wages Of labor. the cost
cluding taxes and q fair return on
the value Of the property.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Exclusive national control Of
the issue Of securities and tho ex-
penditure Of new capita-this
Federal Transportation Board.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Issue Of an railroad securities
by the United States Government
Expenditures Of all capital funds
for railroad purposes By the
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Full control by the Interstate
Commerce Commission over stock
and bond issues and over the ex-
penditure Of the proceeds.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Opposition to federal incorpora-
tion-on the. ground that 1t is un-
necessary, is probably unconsti-
tutional and would involve end
less litigation.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Consolidation Of all Of the rail-
roads into . single national gys.
tenn; and elimination Of all com.
petition.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Ownership Of al railroads by
the United States Government.
Operation OF all railroads A. q
single system by q corporation
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Amster Plan

The Lenroot Bill s. 2sas pre-.
sents the plan proposed by Ma.
the Citizens National Railroads
League. IL provides for:-
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Ownership and operation Of alt
Of the railroads In the United
States BY federal corporations
under . comprehensive system Of
Government regulation.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Ownership and operation of all
railroads by one privately owned
and privately operated railroad
company with full public control.
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Plumb Plan

The Sims eiii n. r. e167 pre-.
sents the plan proposed by Glenn
g. Plumb, and endorsed by the
Railroad 6rotherhoods. lt pro.
vldes for:-
Evening star., 1919-09-28
TWO FACTORS BROUGHT
: ALLIES VICTORY IN 1918.
Freshness Of Americans Discouraged Out.
numbered Germans and Inspired French ]
and British, Says Mr.. Simonds.

wen exhausted by the rapidity OF their
advance and had outrun their muni-
tions and supplies.
Losing Advantage In Numbers.
Looking to July. on the contrary. II
becomes clear what America meant.
On July 1 the Germans had lost the
advantage OF numbers and by the mid
die Of the month were something like
100000 short of the allied totals. But
In this month not less than eight
American divisions entered the hght-
ing. five OF them for the first time.
while fifteen divisions were in line.
and fifteen American divisions total
not less than 100000 men. OF the
eight divisions, three shared in the
nghttng which stopped the last Gers
man offensive.
Having the advantage of numbers.
Foch now seized the offensive on July
Is. In this successful operation the
eight American divisions participated
and two were used with a French Moa
roccan division rs the spearhead Of
the thrust.
In other words. until Americans
could arrive in numbers sufiicient to
abolish the German numerical su-
periorfty the allies were compelled
TO night defensively. and in this fight,
ing they suffered terrible defeats ana
their numbers were reduced even
more rapidly than those of the Ger
mans. despite the transfer of British
troops from Great Britain. Salonikf
and Palestine to the western 'front.'
But by July America had supplied
the numbers and the allies wreste4
the Offensive from the enemy and
won q brilliant victory. which proved
the turning point of the war.
Germans Hopelessly outnumbsrsd.
BY August the German was hopss
he had at least 10000 fewer men
than his opponents; but early in Seps
tember we engaged $4,000 Americas
troops in the battle of st. Mihiel and
we also lent the British two flne dte
yisions visions 5000 strong. Who went
the month was over. In 0ddition va
had other divisions in the line, In
quiet sectors. releasing French and
British veterans, as Ludendor6 CONF
plains.
Last of all comes the Meuse-ArS
gonne. from September 26 to Noveme
Der H.: In this we engaged twenty
seven divisions. employed 1,200. 200 mem
but by this time the German himselG
had less than 100000 men on the
front and we had more divisions COM
Ing up. some Of whom were preparing
for the great offensive in Alsace-
Lorraine, between Metz and StraAs
bourg, which was to decide everys
thing. il the German did not quit, AT
ne did. "a
Fighting on First Wind. =
So much for the figures. This Is at
least one way the United States won
the war; but there is a second, equalx.
ly worth noting. When the war end
ed ours was the only army in Europe
which was still fighting on it's first
wind. Our own soldiers were amazed
when they first met the members %
famous British and French fighting
divisions with tremendous achieves
ments to their credit. They were
amazed because these divisions. these
men, were Enthusiastically tired. Luz
dendorh complains of equal WEAKNESS,
among his best troops.
BY contrast we put upward Of twU
:, (Continued on Fifteenth Pagel ~
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Ownership and operation of an
railroads BY private corporations
under q broad national control
and . unified system Of govern
ment regulation. =. ).
Evening star., 1919-09-28
warheld Plan

The tentative draft Of 4 bill
laid before the House Committee
Owners OF Railroad Seeuritles:-
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Consolidation Of existing rail-
road systems whom approved by
the Interstate Commerce Com
mission. -
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Ownership and operation Of all
Of the railroads Of the country by
the existing railroad companies.
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Transportation Conference

The ErolInahuysen Bill S. 29o8
presents the plan proposed BY
the National Transportation Con-
ferenee held by the Y. s. Cham
bee Of commerco:-
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Proposed Plans for Railroad Legislation
A Summary by Richard Waterman -

Secret0sy, R0ilr00d COMMITTEE Chamber
President returns the railroads to their jan
uary first
The Conference plan is proposed by the
National Transportation Conference which held
under the auspices Of the Chamber Of Commerce Of the
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Provision for permissive fed
eral Incorporation Of all interstate
carriers.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Ownership and operation Of all
railroads by private corporations
under broad federal supervision.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Exclusive regulation and con-.
troll by the Interstate Commerce
Commission Of the issuance Of
railway stocks and bonds and Of
the purposes to which the pro-
ceeds thereof may be applied.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Opposition to federal incorpora-
ton as a complicated. protracted
and probably unconstitutional
method.
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Program for Conference.

#
1. Consideration of the question
Of the desirabi1ity of unifying and
CO o-ordinating the existing labor
laws Of the Dominion parliament
and of the provincial legislatures
and the consideration Of any new
labor laws deemed necessary.
2. Consideration of the recon-
mendatfon Of the royal commission
on Industrial relations respecting
hours of labor.
3. Consideration Of. minimum
wage laws.
(. Consideration Of Gay employees
right to organize: (b) recognition
of labor unions; (c) the right OF
employees to collective bargain
Ing.
S. Consideration Of (a) the rec
ommendation of the royal COM
mission. on industrial relations in
favor Of the establishment of a
bureau to promote the establish
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Railway Executives Plan

The tentative draft Of . bill
laid before the House Committee
BY +. .. cuylsr, President OF the
Association Of Railway Execu.
tivoo, provides foe:-
Evening star., 1919-09-28

"HE Chamber Of Commerce Of the United States has
prepared the accompanying chart to show in con-
= venient form for comparison by busy seven
proposed plans for railroad legislation. In all probability
Of these plans will be enacted into law before the
Evening star., 1919-09-28

invalidity and old age was recon-
mended by the committee consider
ing this complex subject. Such q
board, composed Of interests par
ticipating in the Industrial con-
ference and including a represent
would make q thorough survey and
prepare adequate Legislative meas
ures recommending enactment.
Provision for pensioning widows
would be included in any such leg
islation.
The. conference adopted a reso-
luton condemning censorship of
the press, which might restrict
freedom OF speech or expression.
especially with regard to criticism
Of legislative or governmental ac-
tfon.. - ;s:.s
&. Regarding unemployment. the
conference adopted a resolution de-
claring the provincial government
should provide public works or.
make other provisions to avert
any serious, unemployment crisis
which might occur during the next
eight months. The various inter-
ests represented at the conference
were called upon to adhere strictly.
to the employment policy agreed
upon by the provincial govern
ments which aims at the centrali-
zation of labor supply and demand
in one agency. An immediate and
continuing survey of available and
prospective employment Is to be
taken up SO that persons seeking
work may be taken care of at
once. -.
Better Housing Conditions. -,
=. Another committee report called
upon the Dominion and provincial
governments to improve housing
conditions everywhere and provide
facilities for proper and. satisfac-
tory housing Of the people.
With regard to education, the
government was urged to. establish
compulsory education everywhere
and create in all provinces condi-
tions enabling the child Of the
reaching the higher educational in,
stitutions. -. ...-.
There was frequent discussion Of
subject No. g. dealing with the Ia
Dor features of the peace treaty,
but it was not made the subject Of
committee report. r.. "
Thirty-two Of the most influential
labor organizations represented at
the Ottawa conference were "inter-
national" Their headquarters are
in the United States and all are
afhliated with the American Fed.
Grafton Of Labor. There is no bor-
der line between the United States
and Canada affecting labor. So 1t is
likely that the deliberations and
actions Of the Canadian confer
ence and Of the coming. American
conference will interlock in many
things. ,>->:e;e
Evening star., 1919-09-28

PIRATE government commissions,
composed OF an equal representa-
tion of employers and employees Of
the various Industrial producing
and distributing agencies. should
be appointed to undertake inves-
LEGATIONS regarding the adapta-
bility of hours-of-labor principles
Of the peace treaty to the different
Industries Of the country and to
report as early as possible. This
was opposed by the. labor commit.
teemen on the ground that the ap-
pointment Of the commission re-
quested by the employers would
serve only to delay enactment Of
legislation affecting hours Of Ia
Dor. They contended that legisla-
tton should be enacted Immediately,
giving the workers Of particular
industries forty-four-hour week
Seasonal industries, such as
farming, numbering and fishing.
they said. might be exempted from
such legislation.
Split on Organization.
: Respecting the right of employees
to organize. recognition of unions
and the right of collective bargain
ing. the employers admitted the
right of the employees to join any
lawful organization. They said
employers should not be required
to recognize unions or establish
closed shops" They insisted on
the right to maintain their plants
as open Shops" and maintained
that no employe should interfere
with any other employe because of
the latter's membership or non-
membership in any organization
The employers further stated they
should not be required to nego-
tiate except directly with their
own employees or groups of their
own employees.
The report of the committee on
Industrial labor laws was:
That the advantage of uniform
ity in the laws relating to the
welfare of those engaged in in.
dustriai work in the several
provinces of the Dominion be
brought to the attention Of the
Dominion government and. of all
provincial governments respect@
suggests the appointment of a
board composed as follows:
II. AS respects the Dominfon:
(a) a representative of the gov
ernment, (b) representative Of
the employers g. AS respects
each OF the provinces; (a) a rep
resentatfve Of the government,
(b) a representative of the en-
ployers, (c) q representative Of
the employees"
The committee on minimum wage
laws recommended enactment of a
comprehensive minimum wage law
for women and children, uniform in
provisions and application in all
provinces It further recommend
ed much higher pay for all women
teachers. substantially uniform
throughout the Dominion. ito the
end that the children of all prov
inces have equal educational op-
portunities."
Industrial Councils Favored.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

blackface type, have been approved by referendum
vote Of the business of the country. Certain ad
diona features of the Conference plan printed below in
ghface type in harmony with the remainder of the
but have yet been submitted referendum
Evening star., 1919-09-28
COMPETITIVE BIDDING :
BROUGHT HIGH PRICES
George E. Roberts Says Government 5
Many War Contracts Inflated De-
mand on Labor and Material.
HERE is no more gripping
question in the mind OF the
average American today than
49, - ho-, ord xxyhan the

1HERE is no more gripping
question in the mind of the
average American today than
that of how. and when the
present level of prices may be re-
duced. George e. Roberts, vice presi-
dent of the National City Bank. who
was director of the United States mint
during the administrations of Presi-
dents Mckinley. Roosevelt and Taft
one of the foremost authorities on
economic problems in the country to-
day. gives his answer to the question
In a recent article in the Annalist.
Mr.. Roberts, acting in the belief
that before the problem as to how
existing conditions may be bettered
should be taken up, one should con-
slider the processes which brought
about those conditions. first takes up
the question as to why prices have
risen. 1t is his conviction that the
rise took place as the inevitable re-
suit of competitive bidding between
government contractors and employ
ers manufacturing for ordinary trade
for q limited supply OF laeor and ma
terials.
In this connection he says. In part:
"The government let contracts right
and left, and the contractors went out
Into the markets to bid against each
other for labor and materials. They
bid against all the going industries.
and made wages whatever was neces-
sary to bring the required labor. The
munition factories drew labor from
the farms, from the textile mills, from
the railways and coal mines. and the
shipyards later drew from all sources.
There was open. unhesitating. deter
mined rivalry for labor. under condi-
tions where the competing contractors
efforts and none of the ordinary risks
of loss. The labor turnover was enor-
nous"
Evening star., 1919-09-28
of Commerce of the United States

United States and included in its membership prom-
nent belonging to every important interest affected
financial labor, governmental economic civic and social
The fundamental features Of this pan printed below in
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Referred to Committees.

At the expiration of debates on
each subject the matter before the
conference was referred to the des-
ignated committee. This commit
tee Immediately went into exec
utive session for consideration of
the question in hand. Unanimous
reports were received from the
committees which considered sub
jects Nos. 1. 3. S. and 8. and were
accepted unanimously by the con-
ference. Committees Nos. 2, and
6 were unable to reach unanimous
agreements. Members of each
group on these committees laid
their resolutions before the con-
ference without vote.
This action was taken at the
suggestion of the chair. who point
ed out that each group should
make explanation of its attitude
for the officiak record of the con-
ference and for the information Of
the press. He preferred that the
facts be given to the people Of
the country through the press and
through official records. that the
people might by their own studies
draw their conclusions. 4
Respecting hours of labor, the
employers reported that appro-
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Commerce Colnmission Plan.

The Esch. Pomerene 6ll II. r.
<37e presents the plan proposed
BY the Interstate Commerce Com.
missIon. II provides for:-
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Industrial Conference in Canada =
-. Like One to Meet Here Next Week

ment and development of joint in
dustrial councils; (b) the further
recommendations of the royal
{. commission regarding the estab-
lishment Of joint plant and indus
trial councils.
s. Consideration Of the recon-
mendatfons Of the royal commits
sion that the findings of the COM
mission be put into effect In all
work controlled by the government
:. where the principles Of democrat
ic management can be applied.
Z. Consideration of resolutions
relating to any other features Of
the report of the royal commits
sion.
s. Consideration Of the labor
features Of the treaty of peace.
8. Consideration of any other
proposals which may be introduced
bearing on the relations of employ
ers and employees.
Both employers and employees,
later organized in the conference
as groups 1 and 2, respectively,
made careful preparation before
the conference met. The Canadian
Manufacturers Association took
the lead in organizing group l. The
labor unions organized group 2.
Evening star., 1919-09-28
1875 Delegates Attended.

There were IS delegates repre-
senting the employers, 80 repre-
senting the employees and 40 repre-
senting the so-called third group
at the opening session, total of
1876 delegates. While the repre-
:sentation of the employees, or labor
bodies, was the larger the rules
OF the conference provided that the
voting strength of each group
should be equal. The third group
had no voting power.
The minister of labor's first act
was to request that all speakers
refrain from introducing personal
subjects in their discussions. He
asked that the debates be kept on
a high plane, with the broad pur-
pose of the conference always in
mind. This request was unani-
mously agreed to and perfectly
met In order to expedite the
work of the conference a time
limit Of thirty minutes was given
each group for the presentation of
it's arguments. At the expiration
Of the time allowed. the subject
was referred to a committee, COM
posed Of three each from the first
and second groups and two from
the third group.
Evening star., 1919-09-28
1ndustriar Councils Favored.

Establishment Of joint Industrial
councils, because of the urgent
necessity for cooperation between
employer and employe," was rec>
commended by the committee on
Industrial councils, which further
recommended establishment Of q
governmental bureau which would
gather data and furnish informa<
ton and "the fullest assistance" to
organisations Of or individual en-
ployers or employees desiring to
establish such councils
Appointment Of a board to study
the subjects Of state insurance
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Session Open to Public.

Summoned by the government for
consideration of Industrial rela-
tions and labor laws Of the Domin-
ion, the conference assembled with
much ceremony in the senate cham
ber of the parliament building at
Ottawa on the morning of Septem-
ber Is and adjourned the night OF
September 20. The minister of Ia
Dor presided. The sessions were
open to the public at all times, and
the deliberations were reported
fully by the newspapers.
The stated purpose of the confer
ence was to have representative
employers and labor men, provin-
cial ministers and other govern
ment authorities approve the
accommodation previously made
after an extensive survey by the
royal commission on industrial re-
lations affecting Industrial unrest
j. d. Robertson, minister Of Ia
Dor, notified the manufacturers.
employers, labor organizat tions and
representatives of the people of
his intention to call the conference
seven weeks in advance Of the ac-
tuaI meeting. The department Of
labor prepared and sent to the in
terested parties an agenda or pro-
gram so that they might begin the
study and preparation of material
they desired to bring before the
conference when it convened. This
program was followed exactly in
the sessions. It follows:
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Senate Committee Plan

The cummlns Bill s.2ooe pre-.
sento the recommendation Of the
sub.eommlttee Of the 9enafs
Committee on Interstate Com.
merco. It provides for-
Evening star., 1919-09-28
VERY person In the United
II States will be affected moro

VERY person In the United
E States will be affected moro
or less directly and vitality
by the results Of the. ma
tional Industrial conference to be
held in Washington, beginning Oc-
tober s. It is hoped capital and la
8 Dor will shake hands across the
table and agree to reconcile their
differences hereafter by peaceable
! means, giving all elements fair
deal. and reducing to minimum
the danger of strikes. lockouts, v1o--
lence. suffering and loss.
The government and people of
Canada recently held such q con-
ference, with similar aims and
hopes. and as a result of it they
are today enthusiastic about the
prospects Of their industrial fu-
ture. A summary of the action in
the Canadian conference. together
with the program followed and the
work accomplished, based on infor-
nation furnished by trained OBJ
server at the sessions. is presented
here.
Evening star., 1919-09-28

Federal Incorporation Of all rail-
roads with q requirement that
each corporation shall include in
its Board Of Directors two repre-
sentatives Of classified employees
and two representatives Of the
government
Evening star., 1919-09-28
Fighting on First Wind.

Continued on Fifteenth Page.)