Evening journal., 1919-12-27
War HAS WIDENED
SCOPEOF women
Survey Made Shows That
They Satisfactorily Dis
placed Men in Industry
ACTIVITIES CLASSED
IN % GROUPS

NEW YORK. Dec. ga survey show
ing what the war has done for women
in industry is 90 be one OF the final
contributions Of the War Work Coun-
ell OF the Young Women's Christian
Association 20 women industrial work
crs. This survey embraces reports
from nearly 1900 firms employing APP
lproXimately 100000 persons, one-ffth
Of them women. and all engaged In
what were described as industries es-
sential 10 war. varying from soda foun-
tain apparatus and chicken feed 10 the
making OF guns and munitions.
The results OF the survey are five
fold. First, Il aims TO determine how
far women served In the s0-called war
Industries; secondly. 70 will show the
relative efficiency Of women In new oc-
cupatiOns such as those into which
they were called for the FIRST time as a
war emergency; third. 70 Will make clear
the extent 20 which women have gained
a foOthOld In industries In which they
were not represented formerly; fourth.
the attitude Of organized labor toward
the admission OF women 10 membership
in unions controlling the occupations
into which women were introduced as
a war emergency viii be disclosed.
Fifth, it will show The extent OF courses
OF training for women In Industry and
the direction 20 which such courses
must be guided II such Industries are
TO accord with the changes wrought by
war.
The figures win also show how many
men were displaced by each 100 women
introduced into industry, and will give
the number OF women inducted Into In
dustry after each draft during the war.
In an 20 gr0ups of industries, each
group made up Of as many as %
branches, were investigated In the COM
pillng OF this report These % groups
OF industries include such divisions as
the iron and steel Industries. having %
branches. cne of them firearms aud
ammuniti0ns. chemical and allied pro-
ducts: one OF the 20 branches Of this
industry being explosives; metals other
than iron and steel i5 branchesl. lum-
ber and timber products li5 branches,
electrical machinery, apparatus and
supplies, airpllnes and seaplants, auto
mobiles and parts, rubber goods, sport
ing goods, mems furnishings, including
branches for the manufacture OF such
necessary things as belts and buttons;
textiles, including everything from bal
loon and parachute silk 10 shoe and
clothing industries Of all kinds; a mis-
cellaneous group which takes In mat
tresses and spring beds. soda fountain
apparatus. chicken feed and a long list
OF products necessary 10 The furnish
ing. equlpping and maintenance Of an
army.
Figures and statistics were compiled
from Government records, through con
nectiOn with the National League Tor
Women's Service and by direct ques-
ilonnaire 20 the 1900 firms OF when
such questions wore asked. as the mum
Der OF women substituted In that par
licular industry from January, 1914 TO
November. 1918. the number OF men
displaced In that industry. the basis Of
payment for the men and for the
women. the time required for women
substitutes 10 become experienced, the
relative output by women.
10 also takes c0gnlzance OF the
required. IN an industry by the
Of women for men work
ers, such as more supervision, addi-
iional labor service. changes In ma
chinery. The employers opinion Of the
with his reasons for fall
ures or for successes, Is given; also me
number Of substituted women who
have been dismissed since the armistice f.
and the number OF % taken In place |
Of dismissed women.
The results OF that QUESTIONABLE |
show how much better ftted women /
are for work In many Of the industries
into which they were luducted by war |
than they are for work In I
branches Of the garment industries. In |
which division OF industry practically |
an women workers were concentrated |
before the World War.
Manufacturers. on the whole, accord /
Ing to answers from the QUESTIONABLE, |
view this scattering OF women in indus
try favorably, for various reasons. For /
Instance. a prominent lumber merchant 4
in a Southern State was forced by the /
war 10 employ women In his yards. He /
Is much in favor OF keeping them in
he industry. Ile says that the women
carry two boards II they can. whereas
no man who ever worked in his yard I
.arried more than one.