davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13

the Troop Movement Section OF the
Division of Operations of the United
States Railroad Administration.
Mr.. Hodges arranged all the details
of the movement of troops from
local draft boards to mobilization
camps, between camps or from the
mobilization camps TO the ports OF
embarkation for shipment overseas.
Troops in large numbers were moved
on short notice, and he was re-
sponsihle for the successful coordt-
nation and carrying out of these
movements"
Taking into consideration the enor-
nous amount OF detail work involved,
the organization which Mr.. Hodges
built up to assist him was very small.
1t consisted of three heads of de-
partments and twenty-seven clerks in
the Washington Office, ak depart
mental general agents dividing the
United States between them on the
lines OF the military departments,
flfty-four camp general agents and
sixty clerks. In addition there was
on each railroad an authorized official
to whom all directions as to military
movements were transmitted and
who made himself responsible for the
proper execution of such orders. The
number of these officials was 204.
There was also placed in the office
of the Adjutant- General of each OF
the forty-nine States a representative
OF the passenger department OF some
road serving the territory of that
particular State to deal on the ground
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13

walks down the gangplank at Hoboken
Jr Newport News and Is transported
to his home. in Oregon or California
1: may be. will American railroad men
receive their discharge from the SER
vice. The process of rehabilitation,
from its beginning to April 80, 1919,
involved the movement of 3,389,665
men on 4,433 special trains an aver
age distance Of 500 miles. and 1t is
OF course still in operation.
Fritz and Heinie and his comrades
made their journeys back and forth
across the empire in little European
box cars, crowded to the full extent
of their capacity for human freight.
Even his officers, for all their arrogant
bearing and habits Of luxury, had less
real comfort than the humblest buck
private in Uncle Sans army. For
the American doughboy, at least up to
the time he left his native land, was
accommodated in nothing worse than
a frst-class passenger coach. three
men to each two double seats, and
more than two and a half million OF
the soldiers in olive drab were trans
ported in Pullman sleeping cars.
total troops moved used this type OF
rolling stock.
German Wrecks Secret.
II there were accidents in the va
rious migrations of the German army
from the occupied districts of France
to the eastern and italian fronts and
back again-and there must have been
many particularly in the later years of
the war when track and rolling stock
had deteriorated-the ubiquitous Ger
man censor carefully hid the facts from
foreign eyes. There were accidents
In the transportation of troops in the
United States too, but In proportion
to the enormous number of men who
were carried to the camps and EN-
barkation ports and to the great dis
tances which many OF them travelled
the accidents were surprisingly. al
most miraculously few. There were
only fourteen wrecks involving death
or personal injury. Thirty-six men lost
their lives and 3o6 were injured
When 1t is considered that virtually
all important movements Of troop.
were made on special trains. always
to some extent a source OF danger on
a railroad; that the movement of these
trains had to be kept secret as much
as possible. and that the period during
which the movement took place was
marked by the greatest volume Of
traffic that the railroads Of the coun.
try have ever handled. this is q record
The density OF traffic may be imagined
from the statement that at one time
| for Of
secutive days troop trains into the
port Of New York alone averaged
above twenty day. and this in addi
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13
EDMUND MAURICE BURKE ROCHE
From A PAINTING by WILHELM FUNK.

clearing him in the eyes Of the people
Of Kerry of the imputation of being
a divorced man.
Mrs. Burke Roche, although she has
been parted from her husband for a
matter OF thirty years or more and
has made her home ever since in New
York and in Newport, still remains
in the eyes of British law the legal
wife of James Burke Roche. and
when in apparently the near future
he becomes through his elder
brothers death the third Lord Fer
moy she will become, nolens voens,
Lady Fermoy and a peerless of the
British realm. entitled to all the pre-
negatives and privileges of such in
Guiding immunity from the ordinary
tribunals of the United Kingdom.
Indeed, she can then only be tried
House of Lords.
Since Mrs. Burke Roche has been
willing to be known by the name of
her Irish husband. which she still con-
tinues to bear to this day. there Is nc
| reason to believe that she will refuse
to make use of the title of Lady Fer
moy. when he succeeds to his brothers
Barony Of Fermoy. OF course she
can II she sees fit refuse to make use
of the title, and may insist upon con-
tinuing to be known by her present
name. But She cannot divest herself
OF her status of a peeress, which. while
1t carries with 1t a number of preroga-
tives, has also some disadvantages
among them that of the deprivation
of parliamentary franchise, now open
to women who are commoners.
On the same day that Mrs. Burke
Roche becomes Lady Fermoy. her
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13
MRS BURKE ROCHE
. ssssa~>osV . s~ssR~Soos. NJ.

conflict, the one in the navy and the
ether in the army.
Although James Burke Roche ana
his eldest son, Maurice, will in course
Of time inherit Trabolgan. near White
gate, in County Cork, which has been
the home of the Burke Roches ever
since tho restoration OF Charles II. in
1860 and which is entailed, yet they
will find there nothing but the bare
walls. For Lord Fermoy has been
persistently and consistently unfortu-
nate In his finances, has appel ed sew
cral times in the bankruptcy courts
OF Dublin and of London as an insol-
vent debtor without assets. and was
shown during the course Of the pro-
ceedings there to be in the clutches
OF professional money lenders, borrow
ing money from them at the exorbi-
tant rates of CO and even so per cent.
He had previously Quilted Trabolgan
OF all its contents, having dispersed
by auction in London all the valuable
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13

formed his most daring feat in that
line for the sake of a sporting wager.
1t may be recalled that when the
war broke out between Japan and
Russia the latter was having several
torpedo boats and destroyers built at
the Yarrow shipyards on the Thames
in London. The Japanese Government,
aware of this, Immediately warned the
British Government that the boats in
question must under no circumstances
be delivered into the hands of Russia
until after the restoration of peace.
The English Government, with many
painful memories of the Alabama af-
| fair, which had cost England some
thing over fifteen million dollars, took
| all the necessary measures TO prevent
the boats from leaving the yards, and
posted guards both there and at the
mouth of the Thames to prevent their
| escape.
Tho Russian Government needed
those boats very badly, especially a
| wonderfully fleet destroyer OF the
name of Caroline. equipped with all
the latest things in the way of tor
pedoes and other ornaments. Aware
that it was hopeless to dream of get
ting the boat by ordinary means one
Of the more popular members Of the
Russian Embassy. namely. Pol1lewski-
Koz!ell, conceived the idea of daring
! James Burke Roche, whom he knew
| intimately. to take her to the Russian
port OF Libau. wagering him a thou
sand dollars that he could not perform
the trick. James Burke Roche in some
way or other succeeded in accomplish
ing the feat. and not only ran the Car
ol;ne from the Thames under the very
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13

Tho movement of the first incre-
ment OF the selective service men was
hardly completed when military neces-
sity demanded the movement of large
numbers OF men between the various
camps. This movement began while
the National Guard troops were still
moving South, and it required a very
careful working out OF routes and
schedules to avoid overcrowding GER
tain roads and Gateways. The sugges-
uons of the railroad organization In
this matter. as in all others. were
cordially received by the War De-
partment, and nearly 100000 men
were moved from camp to camp.
With the National Army installed in
Its environments and well advanced in
training came the question OF fur
loughs. In many instances thousands
or men received passes over Sunday
TO their homes and their visits involved
railway travel in practically every
case. as none OF the cantonments was
located in the immediate vicin-
ity of large city or town. At Thanks
giving and again at Christmas OF the
year 1917 the number of men on
Instance and the demands on the rail-
roads were exceedingly heavy.
During the summer and fall of 1917
troops were moved to the various en-
barkatiOn ports. but even In the later
months OF the year the movement was
mere trlckle In comparison with the
great stream which commenced to
move toward the sea early in the fol-
lowing year and continued TO flow In
ever increasing volume until the very
day of the signing OF the armistice.
More than one silver chevroned war
rior boasts that only a few hours
stood between him and a gold Nv" on
his sleeve, for thousands of men were
literally recalled from the very docks
and even from the decks of transports
on the morning OF November II.
And then the human tide turned and
as 1t had run out at first, slowly and
then with ever increasing speed, so It
began to flow toward home, scarcely
perceptible for few weeks, but in
greater and greater volume as the
months went on. until May saw more
than 100000 Americans welcomed
back again to the towns and cities and
villages and farms which they left last
year and the year before. And
whether 1t was an all steel limited
which brought the homeward bound
soldier into some magnificent terminus
or little two car train of ANTICIPATED
wooden coaches which set him down
at country depot, the last step in
the homecoming was upon an Ameri-
can railroad, just as the first step
toward the front had been.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13

daughter, Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden.
will become invested with the prefix
of Honorable" TO her name, while the
| new Lady Fermoy's twin sons will
become the Honorable Maurice and
the Honorable" Frank Burke Roche
respectively. Unlike their father, and
unlike their uncle, Lord Fermoy. they
are very rich. through the will Of their
American grandfather, the late Frank
Work. who left them each about
| 81, 900, 900.
His will was an extraordinary docu-
| ment, full of the most caustc refer
| ences to his British son-in-law, and
indeed to everything that was foreign
and un-American. He had on fire.
quent occasions during his lifetime de-
clared that international marriages
ought to be punishable by hanging"
His testamentary dispositions were
picturesquely eloquent of these views.
He inserted clauses 20 the effect that
his grandsons should abandon their
| patronymic and legally adopt in lieu
thereof his own name of Work. He
likewise stipulated that they SHOULD
under no circumstances leave America,
under pain OF forfeiture OF any bene-
| fits from his estate.
| Fortunately the only person who
could have made any trouble and who
would alone have benefited by any
infraction Of the terms of the will was
the residuary legatee, Mrs. Peter
Cooper Hewitt, his eldest daughter. AS
she had always shown herself a most
affectionate aunt to her Burke Roche
nephews and niece. and as the most de-
voted of sisters to the future Lady
Fermoy in all the latter's matrimonial
troubles and disputes with her father
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13
Small in Comparison With
What u Accomplished Despite Lack of Preparation for Any
Purposes 100000 Soldiers Transported Up Time

with questions involving the move
ment of the selective service men,
Major r. e. Shannon acted as liaison
officer with the War Department and
the most perfect cooperation existed
at all times. At each cantonment,
each National Guard camp and at
the embarkation ports there was a
railroad official charged with the duty
of keeping in touch with the proper
officers, ascertaining what was de-
sired by the camp authorities and to
translate into action the necessities of
the army.
One OF the first problems which had
to be met by the organization was the
invention OF a cipher code for the
brief and secret transmission OF
Geographic orders. 1t was at once evil
dent that to move successfully such
large bodies OF men would entail I'M
precedented use of the telegraph wires,
already burdened with an enormous
amount of Government and private
correspondence. The question of SEE
crecy, too. had to be considered
To meet the necessity for secrecy
blcNlNys NApiA'A NNpNAhf ~ 49,
win Dempsey, was called upon to de-
wise an efficient code. This he did
as his personal contribution toward
the winning of the war. the railroads
paying the necessarily heavy cost o.
publication. This code later was
adopted by the Quartermaster-Ge General
of the army and was subsequently
supplemented by a route code book
by which every route in the United
States was coded into one cipher word
regardless OF how many separate roads
or junction points were involved.
After the movement of the regular
army to increment camps-a compare
lively easy task by reason OF the small
number Of men involved and their
perfect discipline and experience 'in
travel-the next task OF the railroads
was the movement of the National
Guard to their camps. nearly all To-
Gated In the Southern States, where
sparse population and lighter traffic
had resulted in somewhat less inten-
sive development of the railroads
than in the more thickly populated
North and middle West.
On June l, 1917, however. not q
single National Guard camp wal
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13

ton to the heavy movement of sup
plies and materials of all sorts into
the same gateway. The maximum
troop movement occurred in July,
1913, Just at the height of the Ger.
man offensive toward the Marine. In
the United States 1.147,013 men were
moved by rail during that fateful
month.
The machinery through which this
enormous transportation problem was
handled was surprisingly simple and
its personnel comparatively small.
The moving OF the National Guard to
the Mexican border in 1916 gave to the
nations railroads their first example
OF a modern mobilization. Under the
direction of a committee of the Amer
lean Railway Association, the mem
bership of which embraced every road
OF any importance in the whole United
States. scheme OF handling the re-
quired troop movements and an or
ganization were developed and while
there were some mistakes made and
some delays experienced the results
won the entire appreciation OF the War
Department,
Germany were severed steps at once
were taken to assemble the machinery
to handle troop movements on a large
scale, based on the experience gained
in the Mexican border mobilization.
and at the time OF the declaratio of
war the skeleton OF such an organiza-
ton was complete and 1t only re-
mained to supplement II as occasion
arose for its development.
At the head of this organization was
George Hodges. bearing at that time
the title of secretary of the special
committee of the. American Railway
Association on cooperation with the
military authorities. Later when the
railroads were taken over by the Gov
| eminent Mr.. Hodges was continued
| in his duties as manager of the troop
movement section OF the division OF
operations. and 1t was on his shoulders
that the responsibility rested for the
solution OF the complex problem be-
fore the railroads. involving as 1t did
not only the movement OF the regu-
larly organized military forces, the
Regular Army and the National Guard
| in large units to their training camps
and concentration posts, but also the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13
Present Lord of
Irish Estate Is 70
Years Old and
Broken in Health
His Sons Career
Marked by Ad-
ventures and OAR
ing Escapade

nose Of the British police. revenue and
naval authorities and Japanese guards
but also through the Sound and to
the Baltic safe to Libau.
Hailed a. . Hero.
When he attempted to return 10
England he found that there was n
warrant out for his arrest for what
was described as q gross violation of
the laws of neutrality. But he was
hailed In Paris, as he had been well
coined at Libau and at Petrograd, as a
hero. while in all the London clubs he
was being toasted as one who had up
held the fame Of the English speaking
races for their love Of sport and Of ad-
venture regardless OF all consequences
and risks. After a few months, at tho
instance, II is said, of King Edward,
who was hugely delighted at the affair.
the proceedings against Jelly Burke
Roche were quashed and the warrant
for his arrest cancelled, on the ground
that the coup had been undertaken not
for gain but for the sake Of mere sport.
1t may be added that the authorities
had received through some leak q
warning Of Burke Roche's intended
coup with the Caroline. Orders were
hastily given to stop her at the mouth
" ,"e nes, UT W ariese ner IL pos
on n "aS uo"n 'he fi.er' out
o Jus' quat'er VI an
,oui Nv ia'e. l. huy NC renenioereo
'ia' 'ne same ,hing occurred In the
.a se Vi the Aiaoaine' WHICH Ieit tne
OF hnr NJ a. hi L.. n
Sup ner ana 10 nolo her at all costs
ieaciiihs hiNerpooi at III tne aIter-
hooh'
Carries Unique Document.
James Burke Roche carries about
with him a unique document. II seems
that while prospecting with a marty In
Alaska a number of years ago he wan
dered away from the camp. was lost
and subsequently reported "missinp "
Later on n cornse was found vhich
was believed to be his. Il was brought
back to civilization with no little dir
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13

~ ACK In 1915. in the days that
r. seem far away because the
- rush of events has crowded
the intervening years so brim full Of
great affairs, one OF the war phenom-
ena which excited American inter-
est was the rapid movement of Ger
man troops over the empires network
of rail lines. From the east front to
the west front, divisions and army
corps were shifted by the General
Staff as a chess player moves his
pieces across the board. and on the
west front particularly. the rapid con-
centration Of German forces in any
area where an offensive was to be
staged or On allied attack repulsed
was the wonder Of the world.
German efficiency" in those days
was still a fetish, even in the minds
of Americans who had small sympathy
for Teutonic aims. and he would have
been a bold prophet indeed who would
have ventured to predict that within
three years the railroads Of America
would make German achievements In
transporting troops look small.
The German railway system, on the
western front almost entirely and or
the eastern front to a large extent, ha6
been constructed with an eye to tho
0stS for Just such a purpose. Com
meScial considerations had been In
VaY1ably placed after military exigen'
ciet and the result was a network Of
i.neS which had been built up during
forty years OF preparation, every
turnout and siding with its allotted
place in the scheme of offensive ant
defensive warfare pigeonholed In thu
archives of Berlin.
Lines Carried 100000 Troops.
The railroads of the United States
on the contrary. were built for com
merce exclusively. Military consider
alton had not dictated the laying o
a single mile OF track or the position
OF a solitary siding. Yet from thu
time that the movement Of Nationa
Guard troops to their training camp
began in May, 1917. until demobiliza
ton commenced shortly after the siEn
ing Of the armistice. nearly nine mil
lion soldiers had been moved on NOR
tran $1,000 trains an average distanc'
of S75 miles. The average distance
moved by every American soldier dur
ing the war was considerably create
than the maximum distance or an!
German troop movement.
Nor has the war effort OF the rail
roads of the United States yet en- 'ed
OF all the war agencies Of the Gov
erRment the last TO be demobilize
VIII be the railroads. Not until tn
last doughboy OF Pershing's million
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13

in a sufficiently advanced stage of
completion to receive its quota Of
men, and rushing material to the
points selected for these camps became
the most pressing problem facing the
railroad organization.
The problem Of bringing material to
these thirty-two large camps. as we'll
as to the fifteen or eighteen aviation
camps also under construction. so that
the work might proceed at top speed,
was satisfactorily solved by the sue
cessful cooperation OF the Washington
organization and the force of the
construction quartermaster, the liaison
officer being c. T.. Denney. who was
attached for the purpose to Gen. Lit
tells staff.
Vast Stores Moved.
Altogether this construction work
involved the forwarding to the various
sites of 139.905 cars of material. This
was accomplished by ordinary methods
and practically without setting up any
pr.orities in movement. Although an
extraordinarily large volume of COM
mercial and allied government tonnage
was also moving. It was before any
large volume of United States Govern
ment tonnage was under way, with the
confusion and congestion caused by
the indiscriminate forwarding OF
such freight without regard to physi-
cal limitations or to the necessity for
its orderly transportation and prompt
release at destination.
After the completion OF the camps
the movement of the National Guard
OF the several States involved the
transportation Of 34S.223 men. They
We're not. as in 1916. modified In one
place, but in many instances were
picked up company by company al
their home stations or at points e
| which they had been assigned fol-
guard duty. necessltating elaborate
schedules to bring a regiment together
before despatching 1t on its long jour
ney to the Southern camps. The
movement was made, however, on thu
War Departments schedule.
Then came the movement Of the Ma
tional Army to the environments, 1
presented a special problem not only
| by reason of the complicated SEIZED
| ules involved but also because the mer
were not, like the Regular Army anC
the National Guard, already equipped
and provided with an organization fol
subsisting the personnel during thu
Journey. The railroad organization
| lad to undertake the feeding of thes'
men. In some cases this was done b,
means of dining cars, In others thu
| Z. hi. L. - tv.e
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-13
Creatures Replace Lost Parts

tirpated.
Also the horns of snails have been
extirpated with like results. Each So
called horn has an eye that commun.-
Gates with the outside world. and these
eyes have been regrown with the
horn, though practically useless for
purposes of vision. 1t Is established
likewise that the caudal horn or ten
tacle OF the silkworm, II taken off
will grow again. although II viii be
smaller than the primitive one, and
in some cases invisible TO the naked
eye. The crab and the lobster. as ID
well known, can grow new claws