davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-03-22
Farmer Add. Plane to Equipment.

From tho ChvIslihR Science Monitor.
George Kounkei. a farmer OF Aylesbury.
Saskatchewan, has actually ordered an
seroplane, and goes on record as the hrs,
farmer TO adop, this vehicle In his roEu-
lar business. Mr.. Kounkel, who Was one
Of the pioneer farmers In that region. be-
li.vss thoroughly In agriculture by ma
chinery, and plans to use his aeropiane
in making trips to various cities 10 dis
pose OF his farm produce, Having been
tho first farmer in that part OF tho coun
try 10 buy an automobile. he apparently
buys his hrst aeroplsne IN the same mat
ter OF fact business way.
The sun., 1919-03-22

Even more amazing than the display
OK perseverance and mathematical
skill involved i'll computing incomes
SO irregular are the facts that bell
boys tips amounted TO $4,000 and a
bootblack's profits and tips aggregated
$4,000 What the income tax returns
reveal in these cases is the extent to
which tipping has become an Ameri-
can practice. Granting the extraor-
binary ponteness, diligence and indus
try OF the beilboy, his accumulation OF
$4,000 in S65 days in small sums Is
remarkable.
The sun., 1919-03-22
Pauline Markham.

Although Miss PAULINE MARKHAM
who died in New York on Thursday
at the age of ~, is remembered prin-
cipally because she was one OF the
company which LYDIA THOMPSON
brought from England to play in The
Black Crook" she was also successful
in legitimate drama. In 1850, twelve
years after the British Blondes landed
on these shores, she appeared as the
star In "A Celebrated Case" and THE
Two Orphans" the second OF which
Miss CLAYTON had made popular,
Miss MARKHAM's leading man in
these productions was FRANK LAW
LER, sometime husband Of JOSIE
MANSFIELD
Miss MARKHAM, who spent most OF
the last half century in New York,
and others Of the Thompson troupe
who. like her. retired comparatively
early TO private life, must have smiled
more than once in the last twenty
years at the change in the public at
titude toward girl shows" Of which
THE Black Crook" was the first ever
seen on broadway. To the America
OF fifty years ago the imported bur
les1ue was the essence Of gilded wick
edness. OF course 1t was not at all
wicked, and 1t would be a morality
play beside some Of the stage exhibit
lions Of the present New York, but
the pious people of the late eos had
to gasp at something.
The sun., 1919-03-22
s an opportunity to enrich favorites

as an opportunity to enrich favorites
Of the court and to loot the involved
properties for the benefit Of political
parasites. The misgivings which
filed the hearts Of fee hunters when
the appointment OF Judge GARRISON
was announced were turned to distress
when Judge MAYER Incontinently re-
fused to name unnecessary coreceiv-
ers to fatten the judicial payroll, and
on the selection Of Judge HEpGEs and
Mr.. SHEFFIELD It was intensified I'M
til no other word except woe fittingly
describes 1t.
The number OF leeches now cursing
the court exceeds any record hereto
fore set; who has ever heard before
Of two great public service corpora
tions undergoing the pains Of recon-
struction without affording a cents
worth Of sustenance for lame ducks
or suffering the mlnfstrations of those
who would wreck the properties to
I'LL their own pockets?
The sun., 1919-03-22

To the name Of FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
ScHERMERHoRN, whose death at tho
Union Club came at the dramatic
moment OF his turning to salute Old
Glory. there is already a splendid
memorial. or the many buildings OF
which Columbia University boasts,
Schermerhorn Hall is most cherished
possession. Mr.. ScHERMERHoRN, him
self trustee OF the university. u grad
uate of the School of Mines, class of
1858. dedicated this eo1fice to the
scientific studies. geology and biology,
chemistry and physics. In this build
ing there are at present geological ex-
hibits only rivalled by those of the
Museum of Natural History. To his
alma mater the name OF FREDERICK
ScHERMERHoRN will ever be dear.
The sun., 1919-03-22
CAPERTON's MEN PRAISED.
Hio JRnciro Paper Says They We're
Wen necciyed.

RIO IN>rrEo, March 2l..-In an ed
torIal on the dsnsrture Thur.day -
~" Anl"rirau squadron ul-dor Adm -
'apcrto", Witch had boon visiting South
American countries. q Pals SAYS that
"lO foreign sGuadroN Vas ever so Ell
ihus ast!,s.ly received as Capertor's"
tn editorial then rra i-es the dis
vtpline Of the American sailors
The sun., 1919-03-22

To THE EDITOR or THE SvN-S'r. In
a recent book OF fiction that is creating
much favorable comment the statement
appears that elephants do not die from
natural causes. the inference being that
unless the creatures meet a violent death
they live forever. Have you any means
of refutIng this statement?
MARY Z. HENRY.
ELMIRA, ". 7. March FL.
The sun., 1919-03-22

My first duty is to ascertain the facts.
and this will be done TO the best OF my
ability. shall attempt to form no opin-
ION until l have all tho facts In mind,
and then they will be placed before the
ccurt.-Recetver JOB e. HEpoEs.
A slngularly old fashioned attitude
to take toward any public question.
The popular thing to do is to form an
opinion and then pick out the facts
to uphold 1t.
The sun., 1919-03-22
A Tribute to Men to Whom Trib-
ute Is Due.

The Americans who signed the Dec
laration Of Independence in Philadel-
phia in 1776 committed their lives to
the successful outcome Of their solemn
purpose. Failure to achieve indepen-
dence by force of arms meant death
to them, the death Of the traitor to
his government. No signer Of that
immortal covenant affixed his name
thereto without a full realization Of
the gravity Of his act. without a full
realization OF what it meant to his
fellow colonists, to his neighbors and
to himself
It called for sublime courage, cour-
age Of the highest order, for that lit
tie band Of fifty-five Signers to pledge
themselves to American independence,
to pledge defiance to the powerful
British Empire even at the cost of
death to themselves.
without any idea of forcing his
torical parallel or inviting a compari-
son Of the physical and moral risks
involved THE Sun now calls atten-
tion to the courage and patriotism Of
those Senators Of the United States
who on March 3, 1919, deliberately
pledged themselves and their political
fortunes to the preservation Of that
American independence which the
sIgners of 1776 declared.
It Is an interesting coincidence that
the number of Senator's opposed to
incorporating in the treaty Of peace
the covenant or constitution of the
League of Nations In its present form
has been estimated at ffty-fve, the
exact number of the Signers OF 1T76
However this may be. the pledged
names read in the Senate chamber
by Senator LODGE on the eve OF Presi-
dent WILSON'S second departure for
Europe are numerically more than
sufficient even without accessions to
prevent the ratification of any treaty
Into which President WILSON'S efforts
shall have woven a covenant Of sur
render of any part of that American
independence which the Signers Of
the earlier declaration proclaimed and
obtained for our Republic.
This is the central fact Of the sit.
uation. Its Importance cannot be
blinked. The pledged names of March
3 stand as an insuperable obstacle to
the REIMBURSEMENT by treaty of any
part of that independence of foreign
control which the Signers of 1776
declared, TO the impairment in any
respect of American sovereignty, to
the abandonment in any degree of
the American policy comprehended In
the Monroe Doctrine
To the courage and foresight. of
these Signers Of 1919 al nonor and
al gratitude! They and those who
will join them are confirming and
safeguarding that same sacred prin.
Saple which their illustrious prede-
eessors declared and risked their
lives to establish.
The sun., 1919-03-22
WEsTCoTT BECOMES COLONEL.
Derry Rewards His Assistant Adju-
tRnt-GeneraI.

ALBANY. March l2.--Adjt Gen. Charles
W. Kerry announced to-day that he had
promoted Lieut. col Edward ]. Westcott
Of Albany, assistant 10 the AdJutant-
General, to the rank OF Colonel.
Colonel WeHtcott has been In the Adiu-
tant-Gcnerans office for twenty-five
years. and was acting AdJutant-GeneraI
from the time Gen. Sheriff. resigned
until the appointment OF Gen. Berry.
The sun., 1919-03-22
Mount Roosevelt.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sr. I
second the suggestion OF Horatio ].
Brewer in THE SUN that Mount Rainier
be renamed as 4 memorial Mount Theo-
dore Roosevelt GEORGE p. JENNINGS.
GREENS FARMS, Conn, March 81.
The sun., 1919-03-22
PUBLIC LECTURES TONIGHT
MANHATTAN.

China Pleading for "A Chance" hv Rob.
ert NJ. MOE roy. Cooper Institute, Eighth
street and Fourth avenue,
Current Events" by Nelson p Mead
Of e. C. \, Y. New York Public Library
Hamilton Grange Branch. sos West ltS,h
street,
"How to Listen to Music" by Mise
Grace Hofheimer, y. NJ c. A.. Harlem
Branch, West Isbth street
The sun., 1919-03-22

FRS, Rabblt--HRve 10 pay any income
tax?
Second RNbhit--No, my last dozen babies
let me out completely
The sun., 1919-03-22

When in April the Forty-second Di-
vision comes home. Rainbow chasing
as a sport will not be confined to ideal
lists exclusively.
The sun., 1919-03-22

From the Medicine Lodge Republican.
What. by the way. has went with ths
Soldier and Sailors memorial?
The sun., 1919-03-22

What coincidence that the KIP
LING who wrote the report on the pro-
posed British war cemetery also wrote
the words Lest we forget.
The sun., 1919-03-22

Perhaps DR.. WILKINS thinks Mas
! sau county juries regard all killings
within the bonds OF matrimony as be-
yond the Jurisdiction of human courts
OF justice.
The sun., 1919-03-22

The EnSie-Why dc1't you hurr! up:
The Dovs-The peacock is in my way,
The sun., 1919-03-22

Senator WApswoRTH fears Secretary
OF War BAKER will wreck the air SER
vice. Nss1spaper headline.
Hasn't he wrecked it already?
The sun., 1919-03-22

~ our friends rho favor US Utth MANI
scripts and Illustrations for publication ,ctsh
10 hare rejected articles returned they must
In oil scases send stamps for that purpose.
TELEPHONE. pEEKMAN 1900.
The sun., 1919-03-22
The Sun Calendar
THE WEATHER.

MINIATURE ALMANAC.
standard Tine
Sun rises. ....S.5s A " Sun scts... 6 90 r u
Moon rises. u .Ol A II
The sun., 1919-03-22
LOCAL WEATHER REPORTS. :.

Highest temperature, e5, at .
Lowest temperature. ~, at 4:
Average temperature. SO.
The sun., 1919-03-22

london once, 4o-48 Fleet street.
Paris once. Rue de la Michodiere, on
nue du Quatre septembre.
Washington once, Munsey Building.
Brooklyn once. Room 202. Eagle Build /
ing, 303 Washington street.
The sun., 1919-03-22

THE EVENING sun, Per Month. $3.50
THE EVENING SUN. Per Year,. 500
THE EVENING sun (ForeiEn), Per Mo. 1-Se
The sun., 1919-03-22

BOOKS AND THE BOOK WORLD
Canada. $3.50 other counties. 200
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18
The Herald Book Store is School
Supplies Headquarters in
Bamberg County

We beg the school patrons Of Bambeg County
that we overlooked nothing arranging supply the school
children with everything they need the school ROOM Tablets
pencils erasers fact everything the child needs in
schoore here the largest quantities any store in this section
has ever attempted to carry in stock
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18
HAS GOOD OPENING.
Branchyille School Starts Work Tn
der Favorable Circumstances.

Branchville, September 14.-The
Branchville graded and high school
began it's 1919-l920 session last Mon
day under favorable circumstances.
The exercises were opened with pray
er by the Rev. Mr.. Strickland, pastor
of the Baptist church. Short but en-
cellent addresses were made by l.. W.
Livingston, superintendent of educa-
tion for Orangeburg county, w. E.
Byrd, the Rev. Mr.. White, pastor OF
the Methodist church, and E. d.
Whisonant, superintendent. A large
number of patrons were present and
all said that the opening was the best
the school has had in several years.
The teachers for this year are as
follows: High school, E. D. Wilson
ant, superintendent; Miss Vera
White, principals; Miss Mary Jen-
nings. high school assistant. Gram
mar school, Miss Carrie Watkins, first
grade; Miss Mary Jennings, second
grade; Miss Ella Wiley, third and
fourth grades; Mrs. G, NJ. Noble, fifth
grade; Miss Annie Woodward, sixth
and seventh grades; Miss Mary Cot
tingham, music.
On Friday afternoon parent
teachers association was organized.
A large number of ladies was pres
ent and the following officers were
elected: Mrs. G. w. Wiley, president;
Mrs. P. NJ. Wimberly, vice president,
and Miss Vera White, secretary and
treasurer. A committee consisting of
Mrs. G.. NJ. Noble, Mrs. E. D. Wilson
nant, and Miss Ella Wiley was ap-
pointed by the president to draw up
a constitution and by laws to be read
and adopted at the next regular meet
ing.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18

later Nlr. MicEle was attracted by d
Light in the hallway OF his barn. TAX
ine his gun he approached the barn
and inquired who was there. There
was no answer. Then he asked what
the man was after and the reply vas
"a place to lie down. the man con-
t:nuins lis p:acti>e 'ot striking
matches.
Mr.. M:ckle waIned the man that he
was liable to set fire TO the barn and
that he had no business there and or
dered him to come out. The command
was not obeyed and the farmer raised
his gun and fired one shot at the fig
ure. The man was killed instantly.
Neighbors were notified and an en-
animation of the body revealed the
fact that the man was white. Two
punches of keys, a pocket knife with
a broken blade and pocket handker-
chief we're all the property he had on
his person. He was identified Monday
morning as Will Stamey, and it is said
that he had an uncle living at Lock-
hart.
The county will bury the body.
Stamey wore no shoes and his
clothes we're muddy and ragged and
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18
STRANGE VISITOR KILLED.
Shot BY Farmer While Seeking Place
To Sleep in Barn.

York, Sept. 10.-Will Stamey, d
white man believed to have been de-
mented, was shot and killed by Thos.
G. Mickle, a we'll known farmer Of
Bullock's creek township about q
o'clock Sunday night. The KILN 3
O. cured in Mickle's barn and a coro-
ner's jury of inquest presided over
by Magistrate J. L. Duncan, returned
a verdict exonerating Mickle from all
responsibility.
A stranger came to Mickle's home
late Sunday night and asked for wa
ter, which he received. Then he made
off toward the barn. A few minutes
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18
A FAMILY
MEDICINE
Ia Her Mother. Home, Say. Thi,
Georgia Lady, Regarding Black
Draught. Relief From Head
ache, Malaria, Chihs, Etc.

Ringgold, Ca MIS-. Chas. CASTOR,
Of this place, writes: u am user
of Thedford's Black-Draught; in fact,
it was one of our family medicines.
Also in my mothers home, when l
was q child. When any Of us child
rem complained Of headache, usually
caused by constipation, she gave US
a dose of Black Draught, which would
rectify the trouble. Often in the
Spring, we would have malaria and
chills, or troubles Of this kind, we
would take Black-Draught pretty reg
uiar until the liver acted well, and
we would soon be up and around
again. We would not be without 1t,
for it certainly has saved us lots OF
doctor bills. Just a dose OF Black
D-aught when not so well saves q
lot Of days in bed"
Thedford's Black-Draught has been
In use for many years In the treat
ment Of stomach, liver and bowel
troubles, and the popularity which It
now enjoys is proof Of It's merit
II your liver is not doing It's duty,
you will suffer from such disagree
able symptoms as headache, bilious
ness, constipation, indigestion, etc.,
and unless something Is done, serious
trouble may result.
Thedford's Black-Draught has been
found a valuable remedy for these
troubles. It is purely vegetable, and
acts in a prompt and natural way,
regulating the liver to its proper
functions and cleansing the bowels OF
Impurities. Try it. Insist on Thed'
tord's, the original and genuine. 3 20
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18
NOTICE OF TEACHERS EXANII.
NATION.

The regular fall examination for
teachers certificates will be held at
the court house in Bamberg, S. c., on
Saturday, October the 4th, 1919, be-
ginning at 9 o'clock a. m.
Teachers holding second and third
grade certificates are urged to take
this examination.
The usual subjects will be given as
follows: Algebra, arithmetic, Eng
lish grammar, pedagogy, geography,
physiology and hygiene, history, civ
les and current events and agricul'
ture. W. D. ROWELL,
County Supt. of Education.
Sent. s, 1919.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18

''Mrs. Keach Tells How She Got to
Know Rat-Snap.''
"Have always feared rats. Lately
noticed many on my farm. A neigh
Dor said he just got rid of droves
with RAT-SNAP. This started me
thinking. Tried KAT-SNAP myself.
1t killed II and scared the rest
away" RAT-SNAP comes in three
sizes, Csc, soc, s1.0O. Sold and guar
anteed by Smoak & Mcye, Bamberg.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

All persons having claims against
the estate of James R. Owens. de-
ceased. will please file the same duly
verified with the undersigned execu-
trix of said estate, and those'indebted
to said estate are hereby notified to
make payment likewise.
MRS. SALLIE R. OWENS,
EXecutriX.
Bamberg. S. c., Sept. Is, 1919. st
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18

Electric Irons, Grills, Toasters,
Percolators, Waffle Irons, Vibrators,
Fans, Sewing Machine Motors, Va
cuum Cleaners. Everything fully
guaranteed. Let us serve you.
FAULKNER ELECTRIC SERVICE
CO.-Adv.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18

MAXTONE-The guaranteed ton
ic for chills, fever and malaria. Zoe
and soc bottle.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18

Just received, a big shipment of
mems suits. We can fit anyone, as
we have any style you want. H. c.
Folk Co.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18
IL Spent 81 on Rat-Snap and Saved
the Price of a Hog"

, James Mcclure. famous Hog Rails
er, of New jersey, says: Il advise
every farmer troubled with rats to
use RAT-SNAP. Tried everything to
get rid of rats. Spent 81 on RAT
SNAP. Figured rats it killed, aved
the price of a hog" RAT-SNAP
comes in cake form. No mixing with
other food. Cats or dogs won't touch
it. Three sizes. Csc soc, s1.00. Sold
and guaranteed by Smoak & Moye.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18

MAXTONE-The guaranteed ton
ic for chills, fever and malaria. 23c
and soc bottle.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18

You know how difficult frequently get all the school books
you the beginning of school, We wish to state that
we have carefully gone the list of books with Prof. P
Allen and stocked all books used in the county schools
We have thousands of dollars worth school oook ana we
gest to the patrons schools the county that they come to
our store and get their supplies When come to The Herald
Store you need further to get everything you vi"
need Supplies of every kind are here.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1919-09-18

Bamberg, S. c., Sept. Is, 1919. 3
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-04-06
Ar IERYDlEy
OF VAR WILL
BERETAnlED
SOME OF THE HISTORY MAKING
GUN UNITS ARE AMONG THOSE
sIATEp ron PERMANENT

Washington, April 3.-The American
army will retain permanently some OF
the artillery organizations which are
an outgrowth OF the war. Among these.
according to the reorganization plans
which have been approved. are fifteen
nm rifles, the weapons relied upon
largely Ia the closing days OF the war
for barrase work; s-inch and s.2-i2ch
field howitzers; heavy railway guns
Including 12-inch, l4-inch and 16-tnch
mcrtars, howitzers and rifles; trench
mortar units and anti-aircraft batter
les. including motorized machine gun
units for the purpose Of protecting
troops on the march from attack from
the air.
In addition 70 the sixty-one regi-
ments Of field artillery provided Tor IN
the devisionai organizations, there are
to be s.x regiments Of army artillery
TO so with the field army organization
to be erected. Three Of these res,-
ments VIM be armed with los nm
rites. apprcximating 6-inch lone
range gun. and the other three witi
s-inch ana s-2-snch howizers Tar iieio
operations, to be mounted on OF
caso,,ne ira ctors. The sixty reeiments
Of divisional artillery to go with the
twenty infantry divisions viii! be armed
nth rs nm rifles or their S-incn
equivalent and At inch rifles AND
Aowitzers. Each division VIII nave
one regiment Of Hight guns. horse
drawn, one regiment of light guns.
motorized and ono regiment OF SCI.
motorized. The cavalry division WIZ
have three regiments Of horse arni-
iery. Hight guns. but with the entire
nersonnel mounted In order to reduce
the load on the gun teams and enable
.hern to keep up with the cavalry pst-
gades.
Personnel for the heavy batteries.
the S-inch and s-3-inch gums, WIN
come from coast artillery which VIII
also man four regiments OF railway
artillery. The railway guns VIII con-
stitu.. mobile coast defenses. but are
to be available for use in the field II
circumstances require.
One departure from war time or
sanitation Is the abandonment OF
trench mortar batteries with the d.
visions. Instead a single trench NOR
tar regiment will be organized as a
part OF the army artillery to be as
signed for duty by the army COM
mander.
Another new element 10 the assign
ment OF two anti aircraft sectors to
the army artillery. These units per-
sonnet. also to come from the coast
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-04-06

! Roy. called Carrie. s.yet your Things
On nov. We're going home.
Then came . general hrsaking up.
Although Mrs, Curtis invited them al to
stay for tea, the heay dinner ana the
long afternoon in the oyerheated house
house had left everyone duh and head
achys and they were all glad TO get out
in the fresh air
A Formally.
Helen told Mrs. Curtis how much she
had enjoyed the dinner.f prim for
anaisty that she nesvr omitted with his
family. With Mr.. Gurtis she exchanged
2 rigid good bye, and the next moment
with sesise Of joyous escapsment, she
as walking down the street with War
rem.
right" CURLY. want some exercise"
.'oh. I think I can waIk-Tn cure l
can protested Helen. And the streets
are So wonderful now, for the lights
were Beginning to gieAln out through tns
haIf-dusk,
They walked on in silence. Helen had
expected him To storm out at her about
her words with his father. And now, as
always, his silence was more dlseoncert-
Ing than his outspoken wrath.
She felt, too. that this time he had a
right to be angry. She was fslI Of re-
r1srse and se;f-reproassl, that she HAD
allowed his father to irritate her to the
point Of ciashins-
1t WAS quite dark now. and Helen
stir ped an appea ling hand through var
ren.s arm. BUT his sr1n hung stiff1y
straight and unresporsive.
ssDea<. know I shouldn't have spoken
like that 10 your father I'm starry
'Huhi You're always sorry. yea cay,
and do yhatepar vep hissy.s piease. and
RI wrtggls out of Il BIZ saving you're
ssvsy.'
1t / do want you to knew. dear
= today after YOU gave sas shst beau
ttfnE"
Well. there's ether ways OF srowins
a ppreciatian besides sHaxl astinsly spout
tpe abput It. Here ! drug store I've
GOT to get something ser this INDIGESTION
These Midday diners are Inventions Of
tha dsvil!''
Helen fcIEprrea hir into Tie drug store
wheer ne bought . bette Of parsin
io9enees
'sSas here" a. they care out on the
street '.Ara ne supposed 10 20 to Carr
RES fer New Years afnned7"
'sWby, res, dear; she United 10 seevrai
weeks ago Ysu said ED go.r
'Wer, row szy ne WON'T You
have . heatache a. any other Kind At
N ache that'H get NJ out ~ that One
~ these tstvkey-minca-ric holiday oreses
) yeaFfs HeTor0Hl Anyway i'm be al
my ai9eetion ~ili stand"