davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25
The Importance OF Choosing a Good
Surrogate.

The first Constitution of this State
did not provide for means of probate
except in so far as it took over, by
Article XXXV., whatever was re-
garded as acceptable In the common
law of England and the statutes Of
colonial New York. The Governors
authority to grant probate of wills
and letters Of administration was con-
tinued for ten years, until 1887, when
a general law authorized the appoint
ment by the Governor of a Surro-
gate in each county.
The Constitutional Convention Of
1S46 was the first to put Surrogates in
the Constitution. Their election in
counties with populations of more
than 10000 was provided for. The
rapid growth Of this city brought to
the Surrogate's office more work than
one man could we'll do, and in 1892 the
Legislature passed an act providing
two Surrogates for this county. What
ever doubt there may have been as to
the constitutionality Of the act was
soon dissipated by the Constitutional
Convention Of 1894, which wrote a
second Surrogate for this county into
the Constitution and changed the
term of the Surrogate from six years
10 fourteen.
After November there will not be
another stated election for Surrogate
until 1927, when the term expires of
the Hon. JOHN p. CoHALAN. The
successful candidate at the coming
election will serve until January l.
1884. He will take his place on the
bench next January, to succeed the
Hon. RoBERT LUDLOW FOWLER, who is
retiring because of the age limit. full
rather of honors than of years. Be
tween now and November A the voters
of this county must decide whether
they will choose as Judge FOWLER &
successor the candidate of the Repub
sican party. JAMES O'MALLEY, or the
nominee Of Tammany Hall, JAMES A
FOLEY.
Mr.. O'MAILEY has devoted all hi.
mature years to the law. The publ,
Offices which he has held. such as sec
rotary to Justice Of the Appellat,
Division of the Supreme Court am
Assistant District Attorney, have beef
places In which he was able to pursu,
his profession. With him politics ha
been Incidental. He is not handl
capped so far as his prospective ser
vice on the Surrogates' bench is con
ccrned' by such party ties as hay
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25
Good Americans Are Resisting 1t.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sn: As
was coming out of a store on Thirty
fourth street on Wednesday 1 was ac-
costed by a woman who has a table at
the entrance and who asked me to sign
petition favoring the League OF Ma
tions.
I replied that it was not American
enough to suit me. and now I would like
to ask II there is no society which could
take active opposition TO the effort being
made to force the League OF Nations on
the American people.
AMELIA S. KING.
NEW YORK. October "a.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25

Count Won Bl1sNsToRFv, on the stand
before the committee investigating the
responsibility Of the war. recounted his
peace efforts and insisted that he had
believed the United States to be the
only Power possessing sufficient infiu-
ence to bring about a termination OF
the war So 1t was. but the influence
exerted was OF an unexpected variety
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25

Justice MoRscHAusER of the Supreme
Court, taking into account the high
prices Of all necessaries, has doubled
the fees allowed to certain members of
the bar practising before him. and
consequently Westminster htigants are
complaining about the high cost OF
having.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25

Labor Crisis on Railroads Is Pre-
acknowledgements Headline.
Predicted? We thought 1t arrives
long ago.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25
PUBLIC LECTURES TONIGHT

Federal control OF the Railroads a.
Result OF the War" by Prof James Ts.h
Crook. Y. NJ. c. A, . West lsyth street.
The Life History of the Earth ey IN
samuel c. Schumacher. New NorS A.oTaN
sos West l45Ih street illustrated
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25

After collective bargaining has been
thoroughly discussed somebody may
raise a question about collective keep
ing of bargains.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25

Some liquor dealers must have paid
high for the privilege Of dispensing
the stun they are passing over their
bars when cold tea is ordered
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25

Happy is the candidate for public
office who, when he is asked what he
did in the war. can answer that he
wore the army khaki or the navy blue
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25

The Face on tho Bar Room Floor.
was written by Henry A. Darcy. John
Townsend Trowbridge wrote The vag-
abonds" The play was the work OF
Timothy Shay Arthur
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25
In the Right Direction.

From the HiOGd Nsos,Rerietn
Mrs. william Downtain came down from
Cimmaron. Kansas. Sunday.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25

One of tho women stockholders Of the
Central Railroad Company OF New Jersey
has written the following letter regarding
the Plumb railroad plan to her Represen-
tative in Congress. In furnishing a copy
OF the letter TO THE sun PRESIDENT W. O.
Besler of the New Jersey Central re-
marks: 'Tt goes TO the root OF the
matter"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25
The Ascending Scale in Kansas.

From the WhitelDatev Independent
Il costs q lot to live. Il costs lots more
to die; II costs still more to buy a car. and
costs yet more to 1y.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25
SURGEONS GET PLAN
TO HELP HOSPITALS
Protection of Patients LIS
Basis for Proposed Stand
ardization.
PRESENT ERRORS Barred
Carelessness, Inefficient Ser
vice and Incompetency
Must End.

The plan OF the American College OF
Surgeons for the Standardization of
hospitals, which Is now in the process
Of being carried out. was presented to
the college in session at the Waldorf
Astoria yesterday afternoon.
The primary purposes Of standariza-
ton is the protection of patients from
carelesmess, inefficient service and IN
competency, and by the establishment
of such q policy to promote mutual
confidence between the hospital and
the community.
Dr. John G. Bowman. director OF the
college. outlined the following minimum
standard which the college asks the
hospitals to put into effect
That physicians and surgeons privi-
legged to practice in the hospitals be or
ganized as a definite group or stan.
That membership upon the stah be
restricted to physicians and surgeons
who are (a) competent In their respec-
tive fields, and Obi worthy In character
and matters of professional ethics.
That the staff hold meetings at least
once each month to review and analyze
the successes and failures in the treat
ment of patients.
That accurate and complete case rec
ords be written for all patients and filed
in an accessible manner In the hospitai.
That clinical laboratory facilities be
available for study. diagnosis and trea.-
ment of patients,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25
In this house died
JAMES MONROE,
. Fifth President of the United States,
who proclaimed
The Monroe Doctrine,
Upon which depends the freedom OF
the American republics and
the safety of the United States
against foreign aggression.

1t happens now that this house Is
to be sold at auction, an incident
which calls attention to its associa-
ton with the career Of statesman
Of courage and vision whose name
will forever recall the Era Of Good
Feeling.
1t will be observed that the authors
of the inscription on this tablet did
not describe the Monroe Doctrine as
a regional understanding" or sug-
gest that It required the interpreta-
ton of any league or commission or
congress of foreigners to insure for 1t
vitality.
What the Monroe Doctrine was to
Americans in 1905 1t is In 1919. What
It was in 1905 1t was In 1923, when
st was proclaimed. Only by men who
imperfectly understand the spirit and
genius of American craftsmanship is
1t asserted that this strong shield for
safety and freedom is obsolescent, and
their influence in the nation Is to-day
opposed by every thoughtful, level
headed and informed American.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25

Tonight the curfew tolls the knen
of parting daylight saving!
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25
LOCAL WEATHER RECORDS

Hig hest tenn perature. %, at T. VI
Lowest temperature. S., at p. NJ.
Average temperature. 5e.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25
Facts Ready for Presentation.


Such a standard, DR.. Bowman said
would not only assure proper care and
treatment Of patients. but would put the
board of trustees Of hospitals in posses
sion of essential information which
many such boards do not now receive
and could not obtain.
II was urged before the college Of
surgeons that communities withheld
their support-financial and otherwise
from hospitals whose trustees canno,
inform the community as to the char
acter of treatment received by their pa
tients. such as would be provided by the
colleges minimum standard Among
the GIT general hospitals of more thar
100 beds in tho United States and Can
ada. about ass cannot now present ever
a fairly complete analysis of their clini-
cal work. DIR. Bowman said.
As concrete example of the differ
ence in results TO patients in hospitals
which meet the minimum standard
qualifications and those which do not
two series of 100 operations for chroni,
appendicitis were cited, one series in Q
hospital meeting the minimum standard
designated as Hospital No. /, and tn,
other series. in Hospital No. 2. which
did not meet the minimum standard.
THE analysis of the cases treated Il
Hospital No. 1 shows" DIR. Bowman
said. that complete physical examina
| ton was made and recorded for eacl
| patient; that in order to clear ava.
doubt as to the diagnoses. consultation
, were held in forty-one cases; that tn
working diagnoses in each case wer
then. in fairness to the patients, recorde,
\ in the permanent records of the hos
pital; that after the operations the ply
sicians or surgeons in charge of eac
case made or signed a daily statemen
of the progress of the patient; that In
fections developed in three cases +: tina
the number Of incorrect diagnoses wa
four; that the number OF patients ap
parently relieved of their illness wa
nlnety-four, and that two OF the patient
died following operation. This record /
a credit to the stafr of the hospital
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25
Result of Guess Work,

The corresponding data for the SINH
lar series OF cases In Hospital No. 2
could not occur In hospital which
meets the minimum standard. In Hos
pital No. eighty-six of the patients
were operated upon without a complete
physical examination. They were op-
Grated upon, 1t seems. after guess dag
noses rather than after scientific dag
noses with consultations when indicated
Twelve of the cases in hospital No 2
developed Infection. Whose cases were
these7 What is the nature of the infec-
ton as indicated by laboratory analysis?
were the cases operated in rooms where
pus cases had also recently been operat-
ed upon? Is the sterilization In connec.
ton with the operating room effective {?
when was 1t last tested and how, What
technic Il carried out In connection
with surgical operationsr II the stan Of
Hospital No. would in dead earnest
ask such questions as these each month
the percentage OF infections would un-
douotedly decrease and the percentae "a
OF deaths would undoubtedly decrease
Matters. too. of incompetence When
the facts indicated Incompetence would
De dealt with in no uncertain manner
Inc doctor scarcely exists who 40 In
competent and II his incompetence Is
brought to light at frequent intaryals
wlll not either endeavor promptly to psr,
rect his training or retire from member
shi on the stan. The same princinIa Is
true with regard to character and nro.
fessional ethics" N p'o-
AT the eonvocation exercises last niSh.
III. Wnliam J, Mayo. president COW
Ieireo honorary fellowship in the Amerl-
can College of Surgeons unon Sir
Anthony Bowlby OF London. nresida,+ -,
the Royal College of Surgeons Of ErS-
lana Sir Robert Jones OF Liverpool Dr.
irving II. Cameron of Toronto ana Ts,,
iowshlps to 500 physicians, residents Of
the United States and Canada
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-25
The Monroe Doctrine Through the
Years.

Fourteen years ago on May 1 the
Women's Auxiliary Of the American
Scenic and Historic Preservation So
ciety erected tablet on the house at
SO Prince street in memory Of a great
and patriotic American, who died
within its walls on July A, 1881. The
tribute to that man was in these
words:
The sun., 1919-08-07

service In Germany. discicses the unre-
liability Of Won TIarrrs's memory or
the inaccuracy Of his information. and
Mr.. GERARp's record supports his de-
NAL that he ever said anything that
could have been honestly interpreted
to convey the sentiment thus charged
against him.
AS the publication Of personal ex-
plantations and defences by Germans
prominent In the war progresses one
fact is made convlncingly apparent.
1t lie that German propaganda did not
fool the German public alone. II ID
obvious that In many cases II resulted
in distorted and actually false notions
which were shared by men In respon-
sible posts with the man In the street.
The subtlety Of the propagandists OBJ
viously caused men whose work for
the successful fulflment Of their tasks
needed complete understanding Of the
truth to harbor strange misconcep-
tiona II IL an interesting incident OF
the post bellum. period that many Ger
mans have denounced the intelligence
system Of the empire as vigorously rs
voN TIRPrTz denounces its diplomacy.
The sun., 1919-08-07

splendid working Organizations Of
fected By them In the struggle for the
extension Of the suffrage dispelled r.
The advocates and opponents Of that
reform displayed genius for cooper.
alton which nobody sought to deny. Il
Is only to be expected that the same
gift will be exhibited In the political
associations women will snter now
the ballot In In their hands and they
are called on to perform the duties a.
electors at the polls.
A good many men and women who
fought against woman suffrage have
declared their belief that once the ser
was enfranchised Ito members would
not take the trouble to vote To get
masculine voters to 90 10 tho polls has
always been hard. job for party
managers. Probably the case will not
be otherwise with women. The or
CARNATIONS to be perfected at the
conferences to be held this month win
pave the way for this and thus viii
be Of the highest value to women IN
general as well as to those who at
elections act with the Republican
party.
The sun., 1919-08-07
WHY THE TTPi
A Chance TO Lower the Cost Of Livina
IN RsstaurNnts.

To THE BDrroR OF TIE SUN---str: Why
should = waiter receive extra oompsn-
sation for ssrviesS Does . sAiarisd en-
ployss In any other walk OF life receive
= stipend for extra servlcsf
II I work twice as hard or AZ faith
fully a. should I receive the rsasonA-
bio assurance that my position 10 80
cure. Why. then. the tip. . habit that
IL a. vile and psrrdoioas a. It 10 de-
meaning In q land Of democracy II q
waiter does not receive sufficient re-
munsrNtiOn 10 enable him 70 buy cord
tirea for his limousine why does ne
not seek other smpioymsntf
TIE people are tired Of being held
up. They win nevsr stand for the Ad-
dltion Of 10 Per cent. to the bill We
are trying to lower the cost Of living
and here 20 . hne chance to start.
Out out the tipping. Lst the rsstau-
ratsurs pay walters q living wage. To
Do 20 thsy viii increase prices. The
puolic win not do % much restaurant
Ing. Net result money saved for the
people.
The pubic 70 fully aware that wAitsrs
Ia many cases pay restaurant propris-
tore for the privilege Of waiting In their
establishments AYBnn.
PATERSON, N. J.. August Q.
The sun., 1919-08-07

Secretary LANsrNG's testimony be-
fore the Senate Committee on For
eign Relations yesterday merely con-
firmed what everybody knew before
he took the stand--that WOODROW
WILSON and wooDRow WILSON alone
Of the American delegation to the
Peace Conference knows the facts and
can disclose the facts that lie behind
the proposed treaty o. peace with
Germany.
II was woopsow WILSON who. made
the bargains, who consented to the
compromises, who bartered with the
dilieent plenipotentiaries Of other
Powers. 1t was WOODROW Wilson
who initiated and concluded Ameri-
can undertakings In Paris without
one iota Of authority. And 1t Ia
WoopBow WILSON and WOODROW
WILSON alone who now demands with
arrogance that would be amazing to
us were we not familiar with his
methods the ratification Of his acts
without explanation or enlightenment
az to their origin or history.
Secretary LANSING is amiable and
Industrious. He must have had a
dreary time In Paris.
The sun., 1919-08-07


:, 49, ....s- -s. -.
Stand what N. ieasu. u In al, IT.
bearings thsy win make short work
with the Leara, Of Nations that
seeks TO rovsra IN. world ana de-
strey ne sovsresfnty OF the United
States Of America
'-rhs so-csiisa tsasue Of Nations
10 a political rev,rnmsn. to govern
the world.
rho nation tina. enters win b
ruled ~ n
Then the nations would cease to
be Powtrs,' the power OF the world
would be Ia IN. league and the
pewsr OF the league would be in the
hands ss four or FIVE men, the max
ing Of the wonrs greatest dsspot-
Ism
..rns United States Of America
would lose its Independence By relnr
into u.
The sun., 1919-08-07
CITIZENSHIP AID
OFFERED BYLEGI0y
Plan Bill to Automatically
Repatriate Yankees Who
Fought With Allies.

A bill 70 restore automatically 10 eli.
ssnship native born Americans who
served IN the military and naval torosI
Of the allied Powers prior to the De-
laration OF war by the United States Is
to be presented to Congress by the logs.
lative committee OF tho American
Legion. II was announced yesterday.
Luke Lea, formerly Senator. and
Thomas w. Miller. formerly Represents
tive. are the joint ohairmsn OF the CON.
fnittes. and the bill will be drawn under
their direction.
Under an act passed by Congress
March ., 1907. no American citizen can
expatriats himself while the country %
ut war. % that all Americans who en-
tered the service Of foreign Governments
after April 6, 1917. retained their cltl'
Ssnship. But those VINO took the oath
OF allegiance to any OF tho nations allied
against Germany prior to the declAra'
ton BY the United states aid erpauIAn
themselves and must apply to the court
required to appear before any Fedora
or State tribunal authorised by law %
naturalist aliens and take tho prescri0e'SG
oath OF allegiance. II they are HlN
serving abroad the oath may be taken
before any United States consul
Marshal Fooh, so It was said yeshr
day at national headquarters OF M
legion at 10 West Forty-fourth street
will be invited to attend the FIRST "a
tional convention of the national Or.
eanisation of American veterans OF y"
great war. which 10 to be held IN MlI
neapolis November 10. IL and ~ Wv
military situation In Europe psrHiw Nv
absence from France at that time y
expected that he will accept the ltgVn'
invitation. The Invitation was sent niD
through Ambassador Jussorand 49,,
Al the time the convention is os'n,
held the FIRST anniversary OF the slsa'1 ~
OF the armlstice. November IL, VIII "
celebrated As American Legion 10y
throughout the United States, II ~
pscted that more than 1000 900 OF ",
$500, 900 men and women who seT'su
the army, navy and marin corps "" "a,
have been enrolled by that time. Area,
more than $500 local posts have - =,
organised In the United states, WIN -
approximate membership OF SSVVOV;n ~,
To-day will be American Legion ". -,
on Staten Island, when the first Ivy ~
cent. American Legion drive WI" III
staged In the greater city. Thefe "a" iy
be mass meetings OF the posts A"o '.r
formed and psrades Of service nv"
Through q house to house canvas
tsmpts will be made 10 siBa up 49, s,.s.
one OF the 1000 ex-service mon IN NV
mond Borough az members,
The sun., 1919-08-07
ERIE EXCURSION TICKETS.
Mr.. UndsrweoA's Ferry Crusade sug.
rests Another Reform.

To THE EDrros OF TIE sUN---Strs Tiers
10 q piquant dash OF humor IN TIM
SuN's account OF the Don ouixote ad-
ventures Of Presidsnt Underwood Of the
Erie Railroad anent the succor OF per-
sons who use the Staten Island ferry
boats as excursion stsamsrs But the
mice Of the humor viii DO best appre-
ciated by those who have been blessed
with the experience OF pleasure shunt-
ing via Mr.. Underwood's Erie.
Mt. Traveller will recollsct that the
purchase of an excursion ticket involves
cApr1cious obligations and diversions
for his fellow passongers--for per
chance should he be en- route from
Campgaw to warbAsss and hold .
ticket stub marked '.from WarbAsse to
Campgaw." no will collide with choice
Of either paying q cash faro or count
ing ties from the next tank siding.
True, he has paid for transportation ~
represented by the mileage separating
tho two points, but through some rule
Of railroad logic he must be psnaiixed
for proceeding from east to west in
stead OF from west to east as insxora-
bly, required by the ticlceA
TSs Pennsylvania system sheived this
arbitrary and annoying travelling hin
dranoe years ago and substituted an
excursion ticket. either half OF which
IL rood between the stations desiEnated.
irrespective OF the initial starting point.
Wherefore I call upon Champiop I'M
derwood TO forsake not the trials OF
Jerseys mothers and babes who after
ianxuishinx in the ambroslai Atmos-
phers Of the Eae's Jersey City ter
minsl arc jolted sadly to their journeys
end while excursion stub wranEiss with
collectors blight their SCOT stained soy.
0EoRoH r. p.
HAcKHNsAcK, N. j.. August 9.
The sun., 1919-08-07

The Garden City plain on Long Isl
and il q pretty hot place In July and
August IN tina absence Of q brisk
bresse; indeed. the heat there often
resembles the temperature of the
tropics. When. therefore, one 10 told
that within an hours journey from
Mineola on this plain q temperature
Of rs degrees below ssro may Be
reached on q warm July day the
nearer 70 apt at nrst blush to be a
trine incredulous.
This possibility was demonstrated
a. a fact. however, on July 80 by
ROLAND RoALys, who few up from
Ninecla to an altitude OF 8o,T0o feet,
where he encountered a temperature
Of Is degrees below the zero Of FAIR
ENHErT. which prevented him from as
cending further. II Is not 30 surpris-
Ing to learn that even q fur lined
leather suit over two sweaters, two
pairs Of woollen trousers and three
pairs Of socks did not sufice TO keep
the adventurous aviator warm.
Only men Of science who have given
special attention 10 the subject and
aerenauts and avietors who can speak
from actual experience and observe.