davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
GOSSIP 1y-OUR
CORRESPONDENTS
1EAT MAJ Q,,22 NM my NO I ENTrILSL
1og 7'sssyI,
CARBONDALE

The order of the Eastern Star held
their annual election of officers last
Wednesday. Mrs. Edith James was
elected W. NJ; Mrs. James Zimmerman
A. NJ; James Zimmerman, w. P; W
j. Pings, secretary; Emma Sherwood
treasurer; Emma Lyon. consuctress,
Edith Brown, o. C.
The Lad 'es Ali of the NJ. E. church
met last Weduf sday with Mrs. II. NJ
Budd.
Ester Valet, who was discharged
from the army and returned home one
week ago, received a telegram Monday
from Washington, D. c., to report at
once for duty in the intelligence Office
in Washington. Some honor for our
Carbondale boy.
F. f. Sweet, C. II. Harris and DR.
Jacoby have all been Glenwood Springs
visitors the past week.
Verne Harris and wife left Wednes
day for Denver to spend the coming
week at the stock show.
+. E. Sweet goes to the Denver stock
show this week and is shipping fou,
cars of fine cattle to the Denver mar
ket.
Mrs. A. l.. Sebree and F. E. Sweet
entertained number of friends al
cards Wednesday evening. Those pres
ent were Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Harris
g. B. Mansfield, Sam Geigel, James
Zimmerman, Geo. Winters, W. l.. Thurs
ton, Mrs Connor and DR.. and Mrs
Jacoby.
DR.. Clagett returned Sunday from
Denver where he had been the past te-
days on business connected with his
profession.
j. j. Oldham of Denver was tbs
guest of Jas ednesday.
The Study club met with Mrs. Jas
Zimmerman Monday evening and most
Interesting session was held.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Comrie of E
Jebel leave Thursday for a month s
stay in Long Beach, California.
Mrs. V. A. Moore has been quite i'll
and her sister, Mrs Cameron of Sar
gents, arrived yesterday to be with hel
for a time
Mrs. Henry Robson was GlenwooG
visitor last Monday.
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
RIFLE NEWS

Mrs. Jack Goodrich is suffering with
the flu.
Mrs. Cha'. knupp and son, John, ara
among the flu sufferers.
Mrs. Holder, mother of Alice Holder
Il considered very badly off with the
flu, but at this writing is holding her
own.
Rev. A. N. Martin accompanied Jack
Munro to Rulison Wednesday.
Mrs. Childs is able to be out again
after severe siege of the flu.
H. E. Phelps and Cype Mitchell havo
leased the ice plant and took charge
the first of the week. Messrs. Phelps
and Mitchell expect to handle cream,
also buy up chickens, eggs and hides
Their many friends will wish them much b
success in their new business.
Fred French and wife of Government
Road were in town shopping this week.
Mr.. French 3 arm that he had the mis-.
fortune to break about six week ago
10 getting along nicely.
John Wetzel returned Monday of this
week from southern training camp.
To say his parents are happy to have
him home only half expresses it. John
Is sure looking fine.
John Gilbert passed away at the Sci,
by ranch last Monday morning, cause
of death being pneumonia preceded by
influenza. Funeral services were hel |
Wednesday at 2 p. m.
Miss Florence Hoffmeister left Thurs,
day for Gunnison where she expects to
enter normal school.
Herman Eiche returned from Grand
Junction Tuesday night and on Wed
nesday took charge as manager a. the
Bell office.
Miss May Haddsell left Tuesday
night for Glenwood where she expects
to work in the telephone office. She
was accompanied by Mrs. George Frost
George Harris was a Grand Junction
business visitor the first of the week.
Mrs. Ward Johnston is suffering with
q severe cold.
Rifles emergency hospital closed on
Wednesday of this week, the last two
patients being able to leave on that
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Horace Pollock left the
first of the week for Arizona where Mr.
Pollock expects to spend the remainder
Of the winter. Mrs. Pollock will return
IN about two weeks.
Word has been received that Ray.
0ond II. Miller, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
C4as. H. Miller of Rifle, who is attend
ing the Colorado Agricultural college
Ct Fort Collins, Colo, has been chosen
- top man to represent the college in
the annual Judging contest with al
stter agricultural colleges throughout
~ United States ut the Great Western
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
TIPS FOR THE
POULTRY GROWER

Do not kill the laying hen.
Separate the good layers from the
poor ones and send the poor layers
to market.
Progress in all breeding is based on
selection.
Apply selection to your poultry.
Keep the best and breed from them
and watch the improvements.
Keep the hustlers-those that are
on the range carly and go to roost
with full crops.
The good layer is active. She is a
hustler for worms and bugs. She has
bright red comb and bright eye.
The plumage Of the good layer is
usually much more broken up than
the plumage Of the poor layer.
The high-egg-yield hens are usually
late to moult They may also have
pale or faded shanks and beaks.
The pelvic bones, or lay-bonea. Of
the laying hen are far enough apart
so that three fingers can be placed be-
tween them. These two bones can be
felt, one or each side Of the vent,
somewhere above the vent.
The good layer has thin. plIable pei
vic bones.
There should not be less than three
or four fingers distance from the pei
vic bones to the point of breast bone.
There should also be good distance
from the ribs on one side around to
I, lN ~, ,xhn s-IJ Tv, 9Th ar
words, the abdomen should be large
and roomy, indicating that the hen has
a large capacity for the assimilation
of food and for the production Of eggs.
The skin of the abdomen should be
loose enough to suggest an udder that
has been MIXED out.
The inferior laying hen Of the meat
type has thick, beefy pelvic bones,
with hard Jumps at the ends. Such
hens are not heavy layers. Sell them.
They usually weigh heavy.
Sell hens that have arched, hard
lay-bones, especially II the distance
between the lay-bones and breast bone
is not great.
Sell any hen that seems to lack W.
tality.
Market any hen that has decided
ly crooked breast bone, scaley legs,
long toe nails, or is "broken down"
behind.
Hens of the light breeds may be
profitably kept for three seasons {;
those Of the heavy breeds. for two
seasons.
Do not sell early Matched pullets as
broilers. Keep them and they will be
your winter layers. They will also
prove vastly superior as breeding birds
to those later hatched pullets that are
not mature enough to lay until spring.
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
ENDORSED AT HOME
Such Proof as This Should Convinc,
Any Glenwood Springs Citizen

The public endorsement of local
citizen is the best proof that can oe
produced. None better, none stronger
can be had. When a man comes for
ward and testifies to his fellow -citize us,
addresses his friends and neighbors,
you may be sure he is thoroughly con
vinced or he would not do so. Telling
one 3 experience when it is for the pub
lie good is an act of kindness that
should be appreciated. The following
statement given by resident Of Glen.
wood Springs adds one more to the
many cases of Home Endorsement which
are being published about Doans Kid
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
USE SEPARATE SPOON FOR
TASTING FOOD BEING COOKED

Not infrequently one observes that
the one who is preparing food tastes
and stirs with the same spoon. Nor is
this practice limited to the very "care
less few" Prof. Inga NJ. K. Allison
OF the Colorado Agricultural college
has the following to say regarding this
practice:
AT all times this is to be regarded
as a treacherous habit But now, es.
pecially, when every safeguard must
be employed to prevent the srrca1 of
any epidemic, everyone should ab,o-
lutedy refrain from such habit form
ing practice.
1t requires but moments effort to
provide an extra spoon to which may
be transferred the small portion to be
tasted.D
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
Early Use Of Coal.

Though wood and turf formed the
fuel Of our early ancestors, investlga-
tions have proved that the Britons
even prior to the Roman occupation
made use Of coal. But as 1t was DOS
sible to utilize only such coal as lay at
or near the surface, the practice did
not make headway for many centuries.
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
ney Pills. Read it.:

ney Pills. Read it:
o. T. Reese, s17 Blake avenue, Glen
wood Springs, says: "Last summer 1
needed kidney medicine and took
Doan's Kidney Pills. They proved to
be an excellent remedy for backarhe
and other symptoms of kidney disor-
they cured me. / have had no return
of kidney trouble since then.
Price 60c, at all dealers. Don t
simply ask for a kidney remedy-get
Doan' s Kidney Pills the same that
Mr.. Reese had. Foster Milburn Co.,
Mfgrs., Buffalo, N. Y. I
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
EXCELLENT SMALL RANCH
FOE SAI.H

TN acres, located 1A miles from
Carboadale, 35 acres in cultivation and
about same in pasture. 4-room house,
potato cellar to hold cars spuds, good
well with pump at back door, also
spring water near house. First class
water right and cheapest ditch in tho
county to keep in repair. $4,000 will
buy this property if taken soon; ons
half cash, balance on terms to suit,
with interest at z per cent.
A. ]. DICKSON.
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18

field of staple groceries.
The first column of figures repre-
sents the cost to the retailer, the mid
die column gives the minimum retail
price and the third column shows tAs
maximum price that may be charged.
The food Administration is making &
every effort to help you. Are You
doing your share in conserving the
wheat, sugar and fatsi
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
Glenwood''s Food Prices

The Glenwood Post is cooperating
with our Food Administration in the
publication of these "fair prices
which will be found below. These
prices will be changed each week and
you should notice them carefully 10
see that you are not over-charged at
your store. The prices given below are
those set by the food administration
for this locality and cover the entire
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
Popular Science.

The heart weighs only about
half pound.
You should breathe once every
three seconds.
You consume about 1S pints
Of air per minute.
The temperature Of the body
Is maintained evenly during
health.
The heart pumps the blood a
distance of almost 1865 miles In
one year.
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
METHODS 3 CHURCH

10 a. m.-Bible School.
IL a. m.-Morning Service.
6:45 p. m.-Epwortl eague.
1880 p. m.-Evenine Service.
Midweek meeting Wednesday, even
ing, 1880.
We invite visitors in town and all
who have no church home to meet with
us for worship and Chr Ntian fellow.
ship.
Residence S1S Blake avenue.
Phone Glenwood 1856.
REV. VIM. PEPPER, Paste.
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
IRsT CHURCH OF
CHRIST sCIENTIS1

931 Cooper Avenue
Sunday School, 10 g. m.
Sunday services, II .. n.
Wednesday evening service, 8 p. N,
Reading room open on Monday, Wed
esday and Friday afternoons from 2
0 4 p. m.
All are welcome.
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18

For earache, toothache, pains, burns,
scalds, sore throat, try DR.. Thomas
Eclectic Oil, . splendid remedy for
emergencies. 1
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18

One way to relieve habitual consti.
patton is to take regularly q mild la1.
ative. Doan's Regulets are recon-
mended for this purpose. 30c . box st
all drug stores. I
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
Orange Twelve Centuries Old.

The orange was originally pear
shaped fruit, but not much larger than
q cherry, and 1t is said that its evolu-
ton is due to twelve Centuries Of cul-
dvaton. ...--.
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18

There is no parting so bitter as the
parting of quinine capsule just as
you are in the act of swallowing It.
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
Hospital Notes

Miss Mary Stotlel is at the Rifle
hospital where she is under the care of
DR.. LeRossignol.
Harry Shell was able to leave The
hospital after siege of rheumatism.
Little baby Davis is at the hospital
suffering with an infected jaw. He is
some better at this writing.
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18

Sundays
First Mass at .. m.
Late Mass at 1000 .. m.
3p. m.-Sunday School.
3:45 p. m.-Benediction.
j. P. CARRIGAN, Pastor.
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18
SundAys

81. sTEPHEN's CATHOLIC CHURCH
The Glenwood post., 1919-01-18

T. AeLEARN, County Food Administrator.
H. E MOORE, Representing Wholesalers.
JOHN N. PAINE, Representing Retailers.
P. J. KIRWAN, Representing Consumers.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-08-09

BE that as II may, Jacob Labor
works at the Van Dorm Iron Works
Co. plant in Cleveland.
James Debris drives a rubbish
wagon in Flatbush. ~. Y.
Price Stiff of Blossom, Tex. has
retired from the grocery business.
Nou can still find him in the Z. b.
In Seattle, however)
And Mary Regina Sharpe and
Floyd Luella Dull were In the Chat
field. Mimi. high school graduating
class.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-08-09

Prof Aphonia: yes, / can teach
you the deaf mute language. Some
member Of your household ahiicted7'
Mrs. Harrington; mo. but I'm not
speaking TO my husband now, and
since | quit I've thought Of lot OF
things / should have told him"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-08-09
CURE

Henpeque Ito druggist: II am
weak. worn out, respondent. have fits
Of dizziness and trembling"
Druggist indicating a fat gentle
man at the cigar lighter: There is
something that can recommend
very highly Ebenezer Brown, the
divorce lawyerr'
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-08-09

The Canadian government has
more bisons In It's Alberta herd
than II knows what to do with and
offers to sell some Of them for 1850
apiece. Who would have thought
a bison would be worth as much
as a hogi
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-08-09

Report has II that Burleson In.
tends to- run for governor Of Texas.
We should worry! We don't live In
Texas
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-08-09

Annette Kellermann says she can
cook hut she can't sew. NOW we
know who makes Annette's clothes.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-08-09
WHO TAKE AWAY HEALTH

Hewltt--I'd rather have health
than wealth.
Jewett-People rarely have both.
Hewitt-Why is that, wonder?
Jewett Because when people have
wealth they can afford to have doc.
tors.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-08-09

MO TELEPHONE, telegraph or
wireless-yet those weird ma
tives Of Central America flashed
the message Of the Americans ar
rival with the speed Of light. How?
--"Hearts OF Three"--AIonday In
The Star.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-08-09
BUSINESS METHODS
BIZ LEO
Blu BLOSSER
POP
By AHERN

Clerk-Young Van Sapp wants a
suit on credit.
Clothier-Sell him something that
won't last over two months. He
never pays for one suit until he
needs another.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-08-09

The Judge-so you claim you rob
bed that delicatessen store because
YOU we're starying7 Why didn't you
take something to eat instead of
stealing all the cash out Of the cash
reRisterY
The Accused Cause I'm a proud
man, Judge, an | make II rule to
pay for everything l eat.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07

Friends here will regret to learn OF
the serious illness OF Mrs. Betty Hef-
ner at Waterloo. All her children are
now at her bedside.
Clarence Benson, and little son OF
Mason City, spent over Sunday with
his mother. Mrs. C. Benson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Fear are the proud
parents, of baby girl, that came Sun
day May 4th, to brighten their home.
Mrs. Lena Durks and children of
Waterloo, visited her father, Mrs. c.
H. Mack, few days last week.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07

Henry Goodhile Of Manchester was
in town Wednesday enroute to Ana
mosa, on land business.
Mrs. Olson will entertain the Swed-
ish Ladies' Aid Society Thursday May
s.
Miss Tuition spent over Sunday with
her parents near Almoral.
Billy Cronemiller Of Dubuque sales
man for Commission House was a.
business caller here Tuesday.
Mrs. Pitcher attended the May Day
dinner in Earlville, Thursday.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07

Earl Mittlestadt Of Arlington, was
caller in town Monday.
Mrs. ]. Meader came Friday from
Cedar Rapids, and spent Saturday
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. ]. NJ.
Kingsley.
Mr.. Payne OF Cedar Rapids sales
man for the Independent Bakery Co.
Of Davenport was business caller
here Tuesday.
Mr.. j. Beddow and son were passen-
gers to Anamosa, Wednesday, where
his wife is in the hospital.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07

day.
The ladies' Of the Cemetery Society
served May Day dinner in the hall,
Thursday evening, proceeds amounted
to $500.
Mr. and Mrs. Joe Paris, Gus Ort-
berg, Pete Mortinson, Sherd Shaw,
Mrs. Stock, Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Sven
son, and daughter, Gladys, Mrs. L.
Raster, Mr.. and Mrs. H. Zirtzman, and
daughter, Mabel, and Mrs. P. Malm-
green were among shoppers from this
place in Manchester Saturday.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07
A community sing and rally for LIE.

n community oAn6 "iu AoiAJ Aoi ~
nox college was held in the gymnas-
ium, Thursday evening and a full
house enjoyed it singing the old songs
and listening to the address Of Rev.
j. F. Hinkhouse, who has been called
to be president of the college and it
is hoped by those who are acquainted
with him that he may see fit to ac-
cept.
G. r. Nelson attended meeting of
the Shriners at Cedar Rapids, Tues
day. He was accompanied by Mrs.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07
Nelson and little son.
DELAWARE.

/, Harry Roloff was a passenger to
Dubuque Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Oren Talmadge of
Bailey's Ford called at the VIM. Kas-
ter home Thursday.
Several from here attended the Yam
kee Robinson circus in Manchester,
Tuesday. .
Mr.. and Mrs. Ad. Trumblee of Man
chester, visited relatives here Wednes-
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07
DURABILITY OF THE
"TAWA1'

The IOWA" is built of special
high-grade materials, and no expense is
spared to give you the Best Quality
Separator at a moderate price. The
Gears are of the spur and spiral type, set
in Phosphor Bronze bushings, so that the
IOWA" is easy to turn. All gears
are enclosed in one-piece dust and water
proof, sanitary frame. This enclosing of
the gears makes it absolutely safe and
Sanitary.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07
IOWA" Officially Praised
By Dairy Experts at the Worlds Fair

After thorough investigation, not only Of the ski
efficiency of each Separator but also Of the sanitary and
cal features the Jury Of Dairy Experts at the Panama
Exposition awarded the IOWA" Cream Separator the
OF HONOR-the highest award for an exclusive Dairy
Separator Exhibit.
The Jury also made the following coendatoy statene1
shown under tests made by the Jury
skmming milk and that this improvement
Curved Dc great the Of these machines
The IOWA" was the only Separator to receive written
ment of praise from this special Jury.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07
Quality Materials Used in
the IOWA"

Finest quality in raw material
combined with skilled workmanship insures
highest quality in the finished product.
Each gear is cut on Automatic Gear Cutting
machinery, made especially for our require
ments. All wearing parts Of the IOWA"
Separator are made of special steel. All
bearings are of the highest quality
phosphor bronze The result is durable
and light running Separator. Everything
is done to produce the one best Separator,
which will be not only the closest skimming,
but the most durable, made.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07
Women Like the IOWA"

The women folks like the IOWA"
Separator because it is so easy to turn and
keep clean. The one-piece steel supply
tank is only 33 inches from the floor, and
therefore does away with the lifting of
heavy cans of milk above the head. With
the IOWA" it is not necessary to lift
tank full of milk to remove the tinware-
simply swing it aside.
The Sanitary Disc Cleaner takes
away much Of the drudgery connected
with washing and drying each disc
separately. By means of this Patented
Sanitary Cleaner you can wash, sterilize
and dry the Curved Discs in less than two
minutes, and the work is so easy that child
can do it.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07
THE CURVED DISC BOWL
EASIEST TO CLEAN

The Patented Sanitary Disc Washer, furnished
without charge with every IOWA" Cream Separator,
makes it easy to wash the Curved Discs Simply attach
the Patented Sanitary Cleaner to the discs on the cone
sleeve without taking the discs apart Turn the handle,
rotating the discs beneath the wash water and the
centrifugal force which drives the water and between
the discs cleans them thoroughly than can be done
with rag brush Then by rotating the discs in scad-
ing water they thoroughly serized After sterza-
ton they taken out and perfectly dried by rotating in
the air. Takes less than two minutes. With the
Patented Sanitary Cleaner the discs kept sweet
Clean and sanitary condition, nsuring the production of
the highest quality cream and butter.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1919-05-07
Patented Curved Disc Bowl
Used Only in the IOWA" Separator

Separator with the Curved Disc Bowl
OUT-SKIMMED the De Laval and all
other Cream Separators. The results
Of these skimming tests, together
with other numerous skinming tests
made on farms and in the Dairy Depart
Agricu al colleges, PROVE that the
The Lamar register., 1919-03-05
Death of l. l.. Maxwell.

On Sunday morning |. l.. Maxwell,
one of the old time and most prominent
business men of Lamar, passed away
at his home on South Third street
after an illness lasting for several
years. Mr.. Maxwell came to Lamar
in the first year of the towns history
and has been engaged in business here
almost ever since. For the past twen-
ty years he has been best known as
the manager and leading stockholder
of the Lamar Hardware Co., one of
the leading mercantile institutions of
our city. He was an energetic and
progressive business man, a good citi-
zen and an earnest member of the
church, ever ready to bear his share
in the work of upbuilding the city and
his church. He took n prominent part
in all public affairs until his sickness
a few years ago forced him to retire
from active business affairs. He was
popular with all who knew him, and
will be greatly missed in all circles
of our city's life. The funeral services
were held from the Methodist church
on Tuesday afternoon and interment
made in Riverside cemetery. There
was large gathering of friends and
neighbors present at the ceremonies
mains to their last resting place.
The Lamar register., 1919-03-05
Big Suit Filed.

A big damage suit was filed by At
torneys Hillyer G. Kinkaid for the d.
A. NJ. & p. Co., last week against the
Intermountain R., l.. & p. Co. for fail
ure of the latter to keep its contract
to furnish power for the Kornman
mill. The latter mill was originally
equipped with steam power, but at the
solicitation of the light company the
steam equipment was replaced by
electric at large cost. The Intermoun-
tain company continued to take on
new contracts until it so overloaded
its capacity that it cannot supply pow
er sufficient to satisfactorily run any
machinery now. 1t has resulted in
great loss not only to the ID. A. M. e.
p. Co., but to many farmers in the
May Valley, who have been forced to
bale and ship their hay instead Of
selling it to the mill. The situation
has become so deplorable that the al
falfa company is now preparing to
again install steam power at n heavy
additional expense. They are there
fore suing for damages against the
Intermountain.
The Lamar register., 1919-03-05
Bought Two Trucks.

The county commissioners were in
session the first of the week for sew
eral days looking after the regular
monthly business. Chairman A. P.
Knuckey and Commissioners ]. B.
Rhodes and Fred Williams We're all
present. In order to push work on
surfacing the roads and get chance
to obtain our share of the state and
national aid to the good roads funds,
the commissioners purchased two ad-
ditional large trucks, which will assist
materially in the work. Both the city
and county found that the trucks paid
for themselves the first year they were
used. They not only cheaper but they
greatly expedite the work of surfac-
ing the road beds.