davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
PLEADING BULGARS
GET PEACE TERMS
ENJOYS Disclaim Crimes and
Protest Against Servitude
Sentence.
BLAME KING FERDINAND
Assert Their People Did Not
Approve an Alliance With
Germany.
BIZ The Associated Press.

PARIS, Sept. 19.-The treaty of peace
between the allied and associated Powers
ana Bulgaria was presented to the Bull
garian mission at the French Foreign
Chlce to-day. After the delegates had
assembled Georges Clemenceau, presi-
dent of the Peace Conference, spoke
briefly in opening the session. He was
followed by Gen. Theodoroff head of the
Bulgarian mission.
NJ Theodoroff spoke for fifteen min
utes, pleading that the Bulgarian people
were not responsible for the war. but
that the Bulgarian Government had
thrown the country into the Struggle.
He realized, however, he said, that the
people must share the responsibility.
They are willing to do So" he said,
but feel that in no way have they COM
mitted such crime as will compel them
to accept servitude."
King Ferdinand and Vaseil Radosla.
voff, Bulgarian Foreign Minister in 1914,
were blamed for Bulgarias entry into
the war by NJ. Theodoroff. He said the
Bulgarian people did not approve of the
German alliance, which, he declared,
came to them as a cataclysm," but they
realized they must accept part of the
responsibility.
Faults Are Admitted.
I'VE have committed faults" he said,
land we shall bear their consequences
within tho bounds of equity, but there
is a punishment no crime can Justify
and that is servitude."
Each of the twenty-seven Govern
ments participating in the conference
including Rumania, was present Frank
L. Polk, head of the United States dele
cation, sat on NJ. Clemenceau's right
and Sir Eyre Grove, the new British
pleripotentiary to the Peace Conference
sat on the presidents left
The Bulgarian delegatesI NJ. Theodo-
rolf. NJ. Ganeff, NJ. Sakessof, NJ. Siam
buliwsky and NJ. Harzoff, entered after
the other delegates. who rose when the
eremy representatives appeared. The
Bulgarians showed courteous confidence
in their demeanor.
Twenty-Five days are allowed Bulgaria
to present observations on the treaty
terms.
The delivery of the treaty was marked
by little ceremony. Let by Gen. Theo.
doroff the Bulgarians entered the For.
eign Office. their dark visages showing
not trace of emotion, contrasting sharply
with the pale, drawn countenances dis
played by the German plenipotentiarie.
at the Versailles ceremony and with DR.
Renner's almost jovial appearance on thu
occasion of the Austrian treaty sigma
ture at st. German.
In Peace Farley Rooms.
They were ushered into the large din
ing room where the plenary sessions Of
the Peace Conference formerly were
| held--a departure from the course
| adopted with the German and Austrian
| delegations, which were not allowed t.
come to Paris
The Supreme Council met after th'
presentation of the Bulgarian treaty anC
heard the report of the commission ap
! pointed to draft the treaty between tn
| Allies and Poland concerning the future
status of Galicia. The council also dis
cussed the question of coal supplies ro
austria.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
BROKERS SHORTAGE 100000.
BooIxlkeeper Seeks to ExOnerate
Morton Atwater at Trial.

CARMEL, N. r. Sept. 1.-THE Short
ages of the Poughlxeepsie brokerage Arm
of Atwater, Foote & Sheriff.. which failed.
totalied 100000, It was brought out
to-day before Justice Tompkins in the
Supreme Court, when Morton Atwater,
a partner, was on trial on an indictment
charging grand larceny, hypothecating
OF customers securities and doing busi-
ness while insolvent Norman Deyo.
formerly a bookkeeper employed by the
firm, offered testimony to show that
Atwater was unaware of the transact
lions of his associates. Gilbert Foote
and Harold Sheriff.. both of whom are
now in Sing Sing Prison.
THE case Is being tried in Putnam
county because the defense asserted
that prejudice rendered a fair trial In
Duchess county. The tEial win " con-
tinnsA aEon1ah
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
AUGUST FOOD PRICES
HIGHEST IN HISTORY
One Per Cent. Increase Des-
pite Government Campaign.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 19,-Retail prices
of food increased l per cent in August
as compared with July, and reached the
highest point in the nations history, de-
spite the Governments campaign to re-
duce the cost of living.
The exact increase--probably already
apparent to the consumer-was revealed
tonight when the Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics made public
its monthly report
The foodstuffs increasing in price were
eggs rice, potatoes, milk, pork chops,
butter, cheese, coffee, dry beans, sugar
and bread Prices declined for sirloin
and round steak rib and chuck roasts.
onions, bacon, flour, cabbage and canned
peas, corn, beans and tomatoes.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
GUNS OF THE ALLIES
TRAINED ON FTUME
German Government Report
Tells of Ultimatum to Be
Sent D'Annunzio.
sLAvS PROVIDING FOOD
Indications Point to Increas-
sLAvs PROVIDING FOOD
Indications Point to Increas-
ing Difficulty in Remov-
ing Fighting Poet.

LONDON. Sept. 19.-After a conference
h.tween allied commanders at Abbazia
su,ed warships have left the harbor of
rlume and have levelled their guns on
~ town, according to a German Gov
.rnment wireless report quoting advices
teceiyed in Berlin to Laibach and
Vienna
The despatch states that 1t is assumed
No ultlmatum will be sent demanding
nat Cant. d'Annunzio's forces eyacuate
M town within twenty-four hours.
sp.cioi Gable Despatch to The sun from the
London Times Service.
copynioht, 1919. all rights reserved.
MILAN, Sept. 19.-The situation at
rume is unchanged. The blockade by
,ss is complete. From Abbacia to We
iosca, Gen Badoglio has disposed land
military Gordon. Neither. however,
seems very efreffctive. erhe city is said
70 have provisions and d'Annunzio has
nut the population on rations.
Meanwhile the Slavs continue to sell
the citizens of Fiume their produce.
Everything points to difficulty in re-
moving d'Annunzio by persuasion, hun
ger or force.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
sweden to Get American Coal.

STOCKHOLM, Sept 19.-Sweden is to
get five million tons of coal annually
from America under an agreement
reached with American exporters, ac-
cording to the Dd0ens Nvheter. Although
the freight charges on the coal will be
about s25 a ton, the agreement Is well
coined here, as Sweden Is beginning to
feel the lack Of GOAL due to British re-
strictions on IT'S shipment from Ger
many.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
IRISH LOAN Is OPENED.
Dublin Questions Whether Mails
WIN Garry Literature.

DUBLIN, Sept. Neutrality-suspicious. for
the Irish Republican loan OF $1,250,000
were opened to-day. No reliable data
regarding the response is as yet avail
able.
In advertising the loan large parcels
of prospectuses are known to have been
sent to local Sim Fem agencies through
out the country for hand distribution,
but many others were mailed In the
British post office. There is some spec
ulation as to whether these latter will
be delivered or conhscated as illegal
matter.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
REICHSTAG BARS AUSTRIANS.
Entente Demand Over Article LII
Has Been Met.

- BERLIN, Sept. is (delayed) The
committee on Foreign Affairs Of the
national Assembly has decided, accord
ing TO the TGgeblatt, TO nullify Article
IN OF the Constitution, by which-Aus-
una Eia would have representation in the
German Reichstag.
Kurt Won Lersner, head Of the German
oelegation at Versailles, has been in
ss. Az TO inform the Entente Powers
that the demand of the Peace Confer
ehce relative to Article LxI. will be
compiled with.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
BRITISH CALCULATING SLOWLY.
Making sorties on Boishevid to
Screen Retirement.

ARcHANGEL, Sept 16 (delayed) THE
evacuation of the Archangel front by
the British is proceeding as smoothly
as could be expected in view of the
formidable difficulties attending the
operation, including a shortage of ship
ping and river boats. The difficulties
have been enormously increased, also.
by the fact that in addition to the SOL
diers thousands of civilians are being
removed.
Small raids against the Bolshevilxi are
being continued for the purpose Of
screening the movements of the troops
and keeping the Soviet forces guessing.
a number OF British troops are now
here, ready to embark. The men are
in high spirits at the prospect of re-
turning home.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
WEST ARMADA FOUNDERS.
Cargo Destined for Germany May
ne Saved I'm Part.

LONDON. Sept 19.-The steamship
West Arvada. which struck a mine on
Terschelling. on the Dutch coast. on
September 16. foundered to-day after
two explosions in the hold of the ves-
sell 1t is considered probable that a
large part OF the valuable cargo may
pe salvaged, but that the vessel win
lie a total loss.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
JAPAN ENVOY TO U. s. NAMED.
AiJuro shidehara OmciaIIy Sc
lectcd 10 he Ambassador.

49,, = N'see'
TOXIC, Sept IS (delayed) .-oficial an
hoancement has been made OF the APP
pohtment OF Eijuro Shidehara. Vice For
s,sh Minister. to be japanese Ambas-
s~aor 70 the United States. ~
AZ tne same time the 01ioiaI Gdsefte
.tes that Masano Hanihara, former
JAPANESE Consul at San granolsoo, had
sseA AnDointsa Xias Borsign. MlnistAA
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
TO MOVE HUNGARY CAPITAL.
Plan to Change Sent to stuhIweis-
senburR, Says Report.

BASEL. Sept. 19.-The Neue Td0ebIdtt
Of Vienna says the Friedrich Govern
ment is planning to move the capital
Of Hungary from Budapest to Stuhl-
weissenburg, where the National AS
sembly will be summoned to meet.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
YorI.shire Laborites Beaten.

LONDON, Sept. 14.-In by-election
held to-day in thd Pontefract district
OF Yorkshire. the coalition-liberal can
didate, w. f. Forest. won the seat over
/ Burns, Laborite. Forest polled 1920.
votes as against s.445 for Burns.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20

Gen. Kamontov's Cossacks about the
middle of August broke through the
Bolshevik lines in the vicinity of Tam
bow, $50 miles southeast of Moscow.
A London despatch on September Is
reported the General still operating be-
hind the Bolshevik lines to the detri-
ment of the communications of the
Soviet forces, having cut an important
railway line.
The location of these operations ap-
pears to have been some 100 miles to
the west of Tambov. which would make
the Cossack position at that time about
IFS miles from Moscow. directly south
Of that city.
PARIS, Sept 19-The Lithuanian
delegation here has issued a formal deA
NAL that it's Government had agreed to
discuss peace with the Russian Soviet,
as stated in a wireless message received
from NJ. Tchitcherin. Bolshevik Foreign
Minister. The denial says that Lithuania,
on receiving such a proposal from the
Soviet Government, had replied that,
its troops having been victorious over
the enemy, Lithuania would continue to
reject any proposals for negotiation
without the full consent of the allies.
A Berlin despatch dated September
] 8 stated that representatives of Letvia,
Lithuania and Esthonia, in conference at
Riga, had decided to accept the Russian
Bolshevik peace proposal.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20

notwithstanding, former royal
free city OF Hungary is situated thirty
Eve miles southwest of Budapest and
sixteen miles northeast of Lake Bala-
ton. From the eleventh to the sixteenth
century the kings OF Hungary were
crowned there Its population IL about
$1,000
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20

The West Arvada was a United
States Shipping Board steamship. sail
ing from Galveston August 20 with a
cargo of 1890 bales OF cotton. wetued
at more than ss.soo.eoA She was dss-
siped for Hamburg.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
VIZ fhn Assoointed,Press.

HELsrNGFoRs, Sept. 19.-The Prduud
Of Petrograd publishes a Soviet Govern
ment proclamation declaring a state OF
siege in Moscow. in consequence Of the
operations OF the Cossack Gen. Mamun-
tofrs cavalry near the Red army.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
Soviets Forced to Action by
Operations of Cossack
Cavalry Near City.
BOLsHEvIKI ARE WORRIED
Lithuanians i'm Paris Deny
Agreement to Discuss
Peace With Reds.
Special Gable Despatch to THE Sun from the
London Times Serptce.

Copyright, 1919. all rights reserved.
HELsINGFoRs, Sept, 19.-Advices re-
ceived here from Petrograd announce
that state of siege has been pro-
claimed in Moscow.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-20
Developing

a films may be a 'weighty <
\ matter with amateur" B
8 photograph ers. but k
8 there's no "wait" for Z
B those who bring their (
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ness is but one of the
many attributes of our (
q work. h
4 When 1T Comes to {
8 the Chemistry B
s of Photography (
4 Our Photographic labo-
8 ratory, where we develop
s and print pictures, is (
9 equipped with all things !
B known to modern pho (
q Biography. Pictures de-
Il veloped and printed there
8 are satisfactory. And we
y charge lessl B
8 Develop and Print E
8 Your OlUn? E
3 Very WE'LL We can help B
y you. Just come and look (
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q many things for the de-
q veloping and printing of B
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q PRINTING PAPERS
q lie to Toe doz.
y Velox, Azo, Rexo, Gyko, Solo
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q DEVELOPERS
& "M0syS 40" tubes, making
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: for plates, film or paper. .05
81 Ansco MO. tubes
"a Eastman MO. tubes
81 Eastman special developer
"a Hydrokinone Developer pow
81 ders.
81 Nepera Solution, Velox Liquid
En- Developer, Solo Solution Tank
81 Developer Powders and fixing
RI powder, Special MNcyS
81 y h., lie. 1 h., 19c
81 DEVELOPING TRAYS
gN Rubberoid.
81 AXIS, 19c
q SKI, 34c
"a 4x6, 21c
= 5x8, 39c
"a sx10, 500
= ENAMELLED STEEL
a TRAYS
q SKI, SIC; sxlo. SOC; 1ox12,
81 $1.24.
81 Printing Frames, best grade,
81 24c to 39c.
8 Film Hangers, l2c ca.
& Wooden print clips, TIC ca.
81 Extra Heavy Stirring Rods
and Crushers, 10c.
& Glass Graduates, 14c to CSC
e3 Pea Crystal Hypo, &c ID.
q ID. pkge, 39c.
q Print Trimming Boards, 69c
Z to 1854.
q Drying Racks, AXIS or SKI, 29c
n Developing Outfits, ABC Or
81 ga, $1.59.
81 If It's used in photography
you'll find 1t at
III n~.. Camera Dept,
"a M0syS Fifth FL, S6th Sirect
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-11
Mission of Uncle Sans Filters Feasibility Goal Toward Which
Aviation Is Rapidly Approaching

plane Is centred below its lower planes.
1t is this undressing effect that lowers
the centre Of gravity. thereby placing
a strain on the motors which increases
proportionately the higher the plane
flies.
With the land machine, as with the
eagle. the case differs. They can soar
to great heights, their comparatively
high set bodies enabling their motive
power to raise them into the attitudes
with much less expenditure Of strength
and energy than the gull or It's man
made brother. the seaplane.
And SO. while land machines are
breaking records and lowering above
the clouds the seaplane must struggle
to prove It's worth in the public mind
All the knowledge OF naval con-
structors, all the designs worked out
according to mathematics could not
produce a seaplane capable of sus-
tained flight without a motor of suf-
ficient endurance to drive the great
weight through the air and keep 1t off
the water. AS the NC boats fly to-
day they appear too heavy. though APP
parently by sheer strength they re-
spond to the controls as easily as land
machines. Even so. they look as II
something might occur. momentarily
10 drag them back to their natural
sphere on the water. But four Liberty
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-11

known as the wireless directional
finder-an invention developed during
the war-enables the navigator to
true his course at will, thus overcom-
ing the dreaded drift that in" the air
Is many more times that OF the water.
While reporters nave not been per-
mitted to inspect the interior OF the
overseas planes. they have been as
sured by Commander Towers that
there is nothing radical In their design
or the instruments to be used In the
flight. All have been used one way
or another and at different times on
the smaller navy planes. though many
of them were not invented until after
this country entered the war.
Down in each of the hulls are dashed
the gasolene drums. those in each
plane capable OF carrying 1000 gal
Ions. Then there are oil tanks with
capacity of 200 gallons to each
plane. Roughly, each plane consumes
n gallon Of gasolene to each mile OF
flight. Were II to be retarded by the
wind or thrown of its course the gaso-
lene would be used just the same
That is the great danger in ordinary
attempts to cross the seas. A defec-
tive motor or diminished speed in the
case Of planes not seaworthy and hav-
ing only one motor, such as those OF
the British aviators at Newfoundland,
would invite disaster.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-11

motors with a total or 1900 horse
power accomplish the desired result.
With this problem OF motor etfi-
cheney overcome in the NC boats
there is still an unsolved problem
that Of fuel supply. Great as they are,
with their fifty foot hulls and draft
of 81 inches when loaded to a capacity
OF $4,000 pounds. the overseas planes
cannot carry enough fuel to permit a
nonstop voyage. In the opinion OF
experts II will be decades before craft
of such size and at the same time OF
such light material can be constructed
as to contain adequate fuel supplies.
But the midocean route, with base
at the Azores, has opened up posi-
bilities for the future. The Curtiss
company and at least three shipbuild-
ing corporations with subsidiary com
panies financed by private capital plan
to establish air lanes across the At
lantic, and to solve the fuel problem
by placing huge barges and scows
loaded with fuel at various points in
the ocean under the air routes.
The plan is feasible. Ordinary
steamship traffic provides a safeguard
against accident. With the wireless
telephone and telegraph aid can be
summoned at a distance even now Of
400 miles. 1t is on these means of
communication that the navy depends
to maintain its course. An instrument
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-11

loss or damage to property resulting
from their use.
1t shows that aviation already has
progressed past the experimental
stage and that II has become general
enough to be reoos nized as factor in
our daily lives.
In 1916 the navy was experimenting
with seaplanes. Commander Towers
pioneer in naval aviation. who had
been assigned to work with Glenn H.
Curtiss. inventor Of the seaplane, in
his hangers at Hammondsport, N Y,
was assigned the task of creating a
flying squadron capable OF such long
radius of activities that 1t could cross
the ocean II necessary. In the fall Of
1917 the great seaplanes were con-
ceived. After SLOW and careful ex-
periments the NC-1. NC-3 and NC-4
IN. C. means Navy-Curtiss) are to-
day recognized as the most efficient
flying craft the world has ever known,
and the only ones in which the ele-
ment OF practical safety and endur-
ance combined has been the first con-
sideration.
There IL as much difference between
a land machine and a seaplane as be-
tween o seagun and an eagle. Due to
the great hull which makes IL capable
OF weathering the heaviest storms and
.fiercest waves. the weight Of the sea-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-11
Born in Engla nd.
Navys Ocean Flight as Prelude to Aerial Passenger Traffic

T F the United States Navy is sue
cessful in its attempt to fly across
the Atlantic Ocean it will mean
that the near future will bring regular
passenger service over established air
routes between the two hemispheres.
So much has been written and prom
ised regarding the several projects to
cross the seas by the air route the
public IL inclined to look askance at
any promise not backed by cold, hard
facts. And that Is the principal reason
for the navy's flight. That is the mis-
sion which Commander John II. Tow
ers and his daring companions have
undertaken under conditions not over
favorable at their very best-to show
the American people that the ocean Of
air Is conquered to an extent greater,
even. than the sea.
AS a direct result of the war. avia-
ton has progressed by leaps and
bounds, until to-day a brief summary
of plans actually being put into effect
astonishes the average person who has
been informed only generally and in
the terse language of the censor re-
gardins isolated instances OF epoch
making events In this fourth dinen-
sion of transportation
beyond Experimental stage.
A few days ago the Governor Of New
York State signed q series Of three
bills amending the State insurance
laws so as to permit marine. IRE and
casualty companies to insure against
loss or damage to airpianes. seaplanes.
dirigibles and other aircraft, including
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-11

The ". c. boats are so equipped
with their four Libertys that II one
stops the engineer can step out from
his position inside the hull and climb
to the lower wing. where he can repair
the motor-the plane meanwhile re-
naming at fair speed and at the
same height.
In fact, the problem OF aerial navl-
CATION differs little from that Of the
railroad train. the locomotive of which
must stop TO take on water or at
least take on water by one means or
another
As the planes are equipped to-day
they can carry only five passengers
with the ton of gasolene. but they are
only Columbuses OF the aerial sea,
They are but models of the flying
boat Of the future.
Plans stin Larger Planes.
The Curtlss company. which has
built practically all OF the navy craft,
Is now working on plans for much
larger boats, boats designed to carry
a sufficient number OF passengers to
make transocean flying profitable.
Vickers. Ltd. in England, are about
to start transatlantic air service
with airships which the company was
building for the British Government
when hostilities ceased. The passen-
ger rates as advertised In London
papers will be 4sE. about s240: Mail
will be carried at the rate OF 405f a
ton. These air ships are dirigibles
with a gas capacity OF 100000 cubic
Continued on Tenth Pd1c.