davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
When the Sun Was Blue.

A blue sun has been recorded only once. That was in August, 1883, in Java, says the Kansas City Stars A day or two before there was very viO- lent eruption of a large volcano about a hundred miles from Batavia. The eruption ended with an explosion in which a range of mountains was de- stroyed, a vast cavity being left in its place, more than a thousand feet deep at one point. Billions of,tons of rocks, mud and dust were thrown high in the air and the sun was ObScured over a large area. At Batavia the darkness became so deep that street lamps had to be lighted in the middle of the after noon. That condition prevailed until toward sunset. Then the volcanic cloud began to clear away, leaving the sun visible Ipstead. however. of It being red, as 1t usually is when view ed through smoke cloud. 1t appeared as magnificent deep blue disk, re- maining that color until 1t sanIS~be- low the horizon. The phenomenon was seen by everyone within 30 or 40 degrees of the equator.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
CAME DIRECT FROM HEAVEN
Pretty Belief Existing In India Con. cerning the orlsIn of tle Beau
 tIful Emerald.

Scientists say that the emerald's lovely grass green color is derived from 0 compound of silica, alumina, beryllia, magnesia, soda, water and some organ tc matter unknown; others say that it Is simply a compound of carbon and hydrogen resulting from organic matter; but the ancient inhabitants Of India knew better than the modern scientists. They believed the emerald cerf1e from heaven.
 Says Forbes in his "Oriental Me molrs:" "A person was watching a swarm of fireflies in af Indian grove one moonlight night After lowering a time in the moonbeams. one particu- lar firefry. more brilliant than the rest, allghted on the grass and there re- mained. A spectator. struck by its flxity and approaching to ascertain the cause, found not m insect, but an emerald, which he appropriated and wore in ring, and ever after the h. dians believed that the fireflies were sacred insects which upon.dying on the grtlss turned to emeralds for the adorn- ment of man and the. glOridcation of Buddha."
 That Is perhaps the. reason why the priests of Buddha regard the emerald with such veneration. Of course no firefly can now make nn emerald. but emeralds certainly do make the money fy.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
Birds Hold Dances.

Many of the birds of South America
 have the regularly formed habit of meeting periodically in the same place for the purpose of dancing. Some sing 6s they dance. others accompany the re- frain by something very like instru- mental music. The rupicOla dances alone, says the Detroi, Free Press. Birds of this species range themselves in a circle round level, messy or soft ground, and one of them, bright with orange and scarlet plumage, leaves the circle and advances, to the center of the space with t9 dignity of cour- tier dancing SOlhinuet, his wings spread and tail like fan. He begins slowly, gradually increasing the speed of his gyrations until he terminates his performance by leaping and whirling.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
Golf Will Survive.

It has been held in some expert cir cles that golf never could become the game baseball is, because golf lacks a picturesque language. This view overlooks the fact that baseball ac- quired its language by slow degrees, and only reached it's present perfec- ton through the long labors of de voted philologists and etymologists. The language grew. like love, by what It fed on.
 Give golf and the sport writers time and they will produce a language for that game as copious, refulgent, and learned as now distinguishes the more popular game. Already we de tect the beginnings. We read of Mir. Bockenkamp's play Thursday that by "sinking a horripillating putt of 45 feet" he finished up.
 We have heard of 45-foot butts be- fore, but it must be admitted 1t adds to the wonderment of one to know that It was horripillatlng. This is an en- couraging beginning and conyinces us that golf is going to Survive.-KansaS City Star.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
CAMPING IN OLD MOROCCO
Travel by Caravan, the Chief Means of Transportation, Has Many
 Pleasant Features.

The Moroccan encampment, whether 1t is military or that of some travelin: band, is always picturesque, Elsie r Well writes In Asia Magazine. Tht tents of persons of distinction are oft en surmounted with copper balls anC decorated with arabesques of cloth Camping Is fine art in Morocco where the roads are almost impass able, and the chief means of trans portation is by caravan.
 All day one rides across the great plains. prodigally covered with Iris daffodlls, daisies, buttercups and wild lavender. Perhaps n wild band ot horsemen will gallop by, their robes sea green. salmon cOlored and blue streaming in the wind, their horses richly caparisoned like those of some .crusading king. Occasionally one skirts a little village built of mud and wattle and surrounded by fields of wheat and barley. Here and there the white domed shrine of some saint rises SC, renely above the plain. And at sun. uo" Il tie SSepiieIuS piu. Ing oH theii reed flutes drive their flockS of sheep ana goats home from pasture.
 Then 1t is time to pitch the tents near a grove of orange trees or on a fairy carpet of red anemones. One 6ines on roasted sheep and cous-cous and is lulled to sleep by the songs of the guard under the intense blue of the African sky.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
SEED CORN SELECTION:

A desirable stalk is important.
 It should be thick at the base. with well developed roots grad uaily tapering toward the top.~ without off-shoots or suckers, of medium height, be4ring one to two good ears slightly telow it's mlddla point, free from smut or disease, possesses 12 to Is well formed blades and have it's ear attached by a shank or 5incbes long. Avoid tall stalks and stalks Standing alone. Look well to the
 ar. Select an abundance of the pest in your field that are typical ot the variety of corn you are growing. Shuck the ear and hang o1 binder tWine, wire or some device where they will remain dry and out of danger from mice or rats. No time can be put in on the farm that will pay better than careful field se.ection of seed corn.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
FEW OWE FAILURE TO FATE
Man Who Has "lost Out" Generally Unjust in Blaming the Fact on
 Circumstances.

"He who Is bitter is beaten. This is distilled from life." said a wise ob- server of his kind, writer in Philadel' phia Ledger remarks. Q
 Often one meets the man who has become soured by his own life through his own fault---though he planes 1t all on the chances and circumstances of destiny.
 He will not admit that the hand of a bad habit dragged him down or kept him from rising; that he made a nisstep or took the wrong turn of the road.
 He prefers to charge impersonal fate with his personal failure.
 But he had the same right to strug- gle and win that we all have. The man whom he regards with envy had to prove that the stuff was in him, against odds.
 The old proverb says that fortune favors the brave-but that saying really means that fortune plays no fla vorites and confers her gifts only upon those who fight, and fight hard.
 Success is not hereditary. We must qualify on, our own merit. Any fool can inherit money and be parted from It quickly. The respect of the com munity, which Is life's chief reward, goes to him who earns 1t on his own account. In that continuing effort the fragrant memory of a noble family tra- dition and pious and honest par entage is valuable asset and a great inspiration.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
COTTON SEED SELECTION:

To get good seed it is necessary U have a good stalk. Go into your cotton and study the plants.
 Select the vigorous stalks of medium size typical Of your va uaty oi cottonl Look for the well fruited stalks. pirksSelarge de- veloped bolls, especially tf7ose, that have matured early. Pick enough selected in this manner for an ample seed supply of you. own. Arrange with your ginner shen he is not rushed to clean put the rolls and get this cotton slnned separately. Fled Fun cot-i ton can be used to fill out the pale. Store your selected see carefully in a way so there will oe no danger of heating. You ;an generally get better seed of sour own than dyou can buy buy 1t you have al y of the standard varieties of cotto ], planted.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
SOY BEANS:

This excellent legume is net grown extensively beceuse the seed is scarce and the price eX tremely high. All who have soy beans growing sho.Id make par t;cu.a ar effort to save seed in order that they themselves and the1 neighbors may be supplied. There will be a great demand nexl spring for all the soy bean seeG in the State.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
Select Ard
 Save Seoc'

Arkansas has no pure seed or seed law. Most other ~.ate have srrh laws Tie result ie hat I GOT seed, T. fixed seed, ir- fected with all manner of fungus md bac erial diseases, seed flu # obnoxious weed seed, seed of every kind that cannot be sold 4lseW here is shipped to Arkar : ,as. The only protection the Arkansas farmer has at present against this is to provide his own farm seed supply.
 Another fact that is generally overlooked by the farmer is that pure, vigorous seed is as essential to strong growth and maxium production in plant life as pnl e bred females and sres are to the development and profittble pro- duction of animals.
 Therefore the extension Divis- ion of the University of Arkansas and U s. Department of Agr; cult ire, cooperation, strongly recommends that each farmer ir4 the State should () Make careful field selection of seed, especially of corn and cotton.
 (2) Save an ample supply ol ,eed of every kind that is grown on the farm.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
Catarrn Caasaor kse Cured

with LOCAL APPLICATIONS. az they cannot reach the seat of the disease. Catarrh is a local disease, greatly in- fluenced by constitutional conditions, ane in order to cure 1t you must tGke ar internal remedy. Halls Catarrh Med cine Is taken internally and acts thru the blood on the cIs surfaces of the system. Halls Cate rrh Medicine wal prescribed by one 0. the best physician In this country for years. It is com posed of some of the best tonics known. combined with somc of the best blood purifiers. The perfect combination oi cine is what produces such wonderful results in catarrhal conditions Send for testimonials, free.
 F. J. CHENEY & CO.,, Props, Toledo, O.
 All Druggists. 75c.
 Halls Family Pills for constipation.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
 COW PEAS:

See to it that you have en your farm next spring all the COW pea seed you will possibly need. Use some bi.salyhide of carbon if tho weevil bothers you.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11

You can save from eight to ten 1ollars on a suit of clothes, as we purchased our clothes forty per cent less than ths present mark ct prices and we will give you the benefit of same at Bluestore Bros.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11

Bed room slippers of all kinds at Bluestone Bros.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11

6G6 has more limitations thar any other Chill and Fever Tonic on the market, but no one wants limitations. They are dangerous things in the medicine line. adv
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
WHEAT, OATS AND RYE.

Lack of seed on the farm is the main reason why farmerf fai te ,ow one or all of these crops.
 Wheat, oats and rye serve i; triple purpose. They afford the badly needed cover crop, furnish ed winter pasture for stock an. supply hay and grain. The az rlcuitu,e # Arkansas needs then badly. The limiting factor i: their production largely is tht ack of seed. If you dont have your own seed now, get some arc sow it and prepare to supply yourself next year. Treat ca. md wheat seed with formalde lyde to prevent smut.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
VELVET BEANS:

Nearly every farmer who did
 O have his own seed this snrino . failed to get a stand of velvet beans because the seed shipped Tn was very poor. All " ho have velvet beans this tear should not fall to pick and save all the seed possible. If you have no velvet oeens of your own arrange with some farmer who has them to p 'rmlt you to gather a supply from his crop for your own use next year. This recommendation pertains to the sections to grow ing velvet beans.
 Silk dresses, skirts and ladies' ready to wear of all kinds at Bl lestone Bros.
Cleveland County herald., 1919-09-11
SORGHUM;

This is One of our common .rops, yet seed has been as high B $7, ,0G to $500 per bushel, arc scarce at that Irice. Just a littlt effort On each iarin would qua' antee a sorg hum seed supply. il cease Il e soNing and save the farmers money.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1919-01-25

of stock bought prior to 1917 cannot
be deducted as in the case just cited,
if such cost was included in the deduc-
tion made in the year Of purchase.
The farmer is not required to include
in his income tax computation the val
ue Of farm produce consumed by him
self and family. But in cases where he
exchanged produce for merchandise
groceries, ETC., themarket value Of the
articles received in exchange must be
included.
All other items of income arising
during the year through personal sery-
ice, business or trade, through use Of
property or money, should be added
into the gains for 1918.
Everybody wants to know what in
como is exempt from tax. Very few
plums that fall to the average man may
be legally disregarded in figuring up
bis 1918 income. Gifts and beauests
can be eliminated; also proceeds of life
insurance received by the beneficiary
Of an insured person. A person who
cashed in an endowment policy need re-
port as income only that portion which
exceeds the total Of the premiums he
paid in all years on that policy. An
auities are not taxable, unless the per
son received in the year payments
which represent, when added to all pri-
or payments on the annuity, an amount
greater than the original cost of the
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1919-01-25

out the benefit Of this deduction.
After the total Of all income is found,
and the deduction allowable by law has
been computed as an offset, the amount
Of income in excess Of such deductions
is the net income, which forms tho
basis of the assessment Of t6x.
II every person in this district will
examine his own 1918 income and his
allowable deductions, in line with data
that | have given, he will know beyond
doubt whether he must file his return
when the blanks arrive. And here is
how he will determine his liability to
file return. If he is single he must
file if his net income was $1,000 or more
and this requirement is enforced wheth-
or or not he is the head of family. If
he is married. he must file his return If
his net income, including that of his
wife and minor children, was $4,000 or
more. Mr.. Miller concluded:
:" want to emphasize the co-opera-
tion feature e the collection Of the in
come tax this year. The policy Of tho
internal revenue bureau is to aid tax
payers TO meet the. requirements Of tho
law. We are going right to the people,
not to swing clubs or to mulet the wage
Garner of his savings, but offering
every helpful governmental function
that will assist people to do theit
duty
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1919-01-25

Continued from page one)
that million citizens and residents
will make this year their first income
tax returns.
'sAll signs indicate that the income
tax this year will reach nearly every
working man and woman, and nearly
every merchant, shop keeper and far
mer. Not all will have to pay the tax,
but nearly all will be obliged to make
sworn statement Of the years in
come. am therefore advising every
unmarried person who earned $1,000 or
over during the year 1918, and every
married person, who together with wife
or husband, earned $2Oca, to sharpen
his pencil and figure out how he stands.
He must ascertain accurately his gross
income from all sources. There's his
salary or wages, including overtime pay
and any bonus received as additional
compensation. A married person having
children under eighteen who are work
ing, should include the earnings Of such
children.
"If he sold any property at a pro-
fit, the gain must be computed and in
elude in gross income. If he rented
any property to other persons, the total
rents received in the year must be as
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1919-01-25

certained, and from that figure de-
duction may be taken for taxes paid
on rented property, the necessary minor
repairs, fire insurance, any interest he
may have paid on mortgage, and
reasonable allowance for annual wear
and tear Of the rented property. The
balance is included in gross income for
the year.
Interest on bank deposits, whether
Withdrawn or added to his bank bal
ances, must be included in all calcula
tions of income. Bond interest received
during the year lnlst also be included
except interest On municipal, county or
state bonds. iuta 'est on United States
bonds need not be included by the
ordinary bond holder who purchased
small amounts. Holders Of large
amounts of Liberty bonds, however,
should ask their bankers to write to my
office for the RUE applying to tax on
such interest.
Dividends On stock shares are in
conc, and must bc Included in the gross
figures, although the law does not i'm
pose the nolmal tax on distributions
made By domestic corporations.
A person buying and selling meg
ehandise must find his profits for the
year on the following basis: First, as
certain the gross sales or total cash ~
ccirts. Then add together the inventory
at the beginning of the year and the
purchases for resale. From this latter
sum subtract the inventory Of goods
on hand at the years end, and the re-
sult is the cost of goods sold. This cost
plus necessary expenses incurred solely
through conduct Of the business, is to
be deducted from the gross sales, and
the result is the net earnings Of the
business.
A professional man arrives at his
professional income by asccrtaining the
total of fees for services and deducting
therefrom all expenses connected di-
rectly and solely with his practice.
A farmer must figure up all income
derived from the sale or exchange of
products during the year, whether such
produce was raised on the farm or pur-
chased and resold. He is allowed to
deduct from this total his expenses of
the year connected with the planting,
cultivation, harvesting and marketing
Of the crop, or the care, feeding and
marketing Of livestock He is not al
lowed to deduct the amount expended
in 1918 in purchasing stock for resale;
but when such stock is sold its cost is
to be deducted from the sale price in
aseertaining the gain to be included in
this return Of income. The cost price
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1919-01-25
Dallas Boy Makes Good
In Regular Army
Capital Journal Special service)

(Capital journal Speclal 0efVlce)
Dallas, Or, Jan. Sergeant Joe
Brown, son Of Mr.. and Mrs j. A.
Brown of this city, is in Dallas for a
few days visiting friends and relatives.
Joe is a quartermaster in the regular
army and for the past three years has
been stationed on the Mexican border.
He was formerly an instructor Of army
cooks at school at Columbus, New
Mexico. He is one Of the many Dallas
boys who have made good in Uncle
Sam IS service.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. G. Dykstra, of Una
tilla. are in Dallas this week for a brief
visit with relatives and friends. Mr..
Dykstra, who was formerly teacher
in the schools of Polk county, is now
superintendent of the city schools of
Umatilla. He states that the schools
Of his city have been closed for the
past two months on account of the
Spanish influenza epidemic and that
the school houses in the city have been
converted into emergency hospitals to
take care of the patients. Mr.. Dykstra
says that the epidemic has been ex-
tremely severe in his city and that it
will be some weeks before school can
be resumed.
Corporal Charles G. Davis, Dallas
boy who has been stationed at Fort
Douglas, Utah, for the past several
months, returned to his home here this
week. Davis secured a release from
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1919-01-25
MORE ROADS PROPOSED

Still another paved highway is pro
posed, to run from Mt. Angel through
Woodburn and st. Paul to NewBerg'
The residents of the first three towns
have presented the matter to the coun-
ty court and the highway commission.
According to county commissioner
Hunt the county is inclined to look
with favor upon the road if some means
of procuring the money for it can be
found. At present, however, he says,
Marion county has its hands full fl
nancing its. share of the Pacific high
way.
The proposed road would join the two
main avenues to Portland and connect
them with number Of communities
with the city. 1t would also put Mount
Angel and st. Paul on a paved highway
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1919-01-25

annuity. Dividends on unexpired life
insurance policies are not taxable in
come; but dividends on paid up policies
must be considered income. AIimony is
not income to the recipient nor is il
an allowable deduction on the part of
the person who pays. From the total Of
all items Of income, there are certain
deductions allowable by law. All in.
terest paid on personal indebtedness
and all taxes paid during the yeGr are
deductible, except federal income and
excess profits taxes, inheritance taxes
and assessments for local improvements
such IS sidewalks, sewers, etc. Losses
incurred in business or trade are allow
able, also losses arising from fires,
storms, shipwreck or other casualty, or
from theft, in cases where such losses
ere not compensated for by insurance
or otherwise. Losses incurred outside
of a persons regular business are
allowable to the extent Of gains report
ed from similar transactions within the
year. Debts due to the taxpayer actual
ly asecrtained to be worthless during
the year are deduetible
Depreciation on property used in
profession, in business or in farming is
another item that may be claimed as
deduction. The storekeepcr may claim
depreciation on his fixtures and on his
delivery horses and wagons, but not on
his stock held for sale. The profession
al man may clsim similar deduction on
his Instruments; and in the case of
physician who maintains team or auto
for milking calls on patients, reasonable
depreciation may be claimed. The farm
er may claim depreciation on his farm
buildings, aside from his personal resi-
denee, also on his farm machinery, his
work horses and farm work wagons.
The theory of depreciation, in connec-
tion with the income tax, is that wear
and tear caused by use in earning in
come is a real expense in the earning
of the income. The rate is determined
by the number of years that the prop
erty ordinarily would be useful and the
cost Of the property is thebasis Of the
computation. IL the property suffering
depreciation was bought or acquired
prior to March l, 1918, the market
value as Of that date is used, instead
Of the cost, in figuring depreciation.
Contributions or gifts actually made
in 1918 to organizations operating ex-
elusiyely for religious, charitable, sci
entifie or educational purposes, and to
societies for the prevention OF cruelty
to children or animals, may be deduct
cd, to an amount not exceeding Is per
cent Of the net income computed with