The sun., 1919-02-09


the president Of tho Lon0udoe Institute,
Inc, Nc,o York city, pho has made
special study Of the subject OF Wterno-
tonoI peace movements.
r INTERNATIONAL peace has failed in
the pas because it has been lef.
entirely too much to Governments
and TO diplomats to maintain the peace
OF the world and IL peace is not main
tanned in the future it will be for the
same cause.
II the peace movement Is to be ef-
fective II must be a movement of the
people and not primarily one of Gov
crnments Before the International peace
movement can be successful its propon-
ents must recognize two principles: first.
public opinion Is the fundamental sane
ton of internar ional agreements; sec
cnd, that sanction can be made effective
only by an efficient organization through
which the public will can express itself
There now exists an international or
ganization based upon these two prnci-
pies. Many structural features of this
organization could be wisely copied in
The formation OF an International peace
organization that would guarantee the
peaceful regulation of International ac-
tivities. A peace movement to be sue
ressful must be a positive movement
regulating world activities. and not
negative one merely maintaining the
status quo The international organiza-
ton TO which I refer Is the International
Association for the Legal Protection of
Labor. 1t has a permanent International
ONCE working continuously. endeavoring
TO keep men OF affairs and institutions
in every part OF the world informed as
10 important statutes, opinions or events
relevant to the aims of the movement
Action with reference to these aims and
events Is coerced by national sections OF
the International association in various
countries The section in the United
States Ia the American Association for
Labor Legislation. These organizations
are concerned particularly with one
sphere. viz, the industrial. Behind them
stands the public opinion OF the world,
which they at the same time interpret
and educate. This movement gains its
ends largely by bringing pressure to
bear upon public officials 1t also pos
sesses many other agencies for the real
izat.on of its aims, MS for example stated
international conventions in which rep
resentatives OF the people as well az OF
Governments vote. a bureau cooperating
with the Office and the sections. librar-
les. &c.
Were there an international peace or
ganization with machinery similar to
this just described, with an interna-
tional peace office working wholeheart-
eddy and all the time for the preserva-
ton OF peace, issuing weekly bulletin
in every important language of the
work. pointing out as far as possible
the Significance Of every political event
~
peace and backed by national sections in
every country to which all citizens in
.erested in and willing to contribute to
the cause OF peace may belong, public
opinion may be taught to be prepared
ae we'll as diplomacy 10 express Itself
with respect to impending disaster Such
nm organization might be very distaste-
full to some diplomats opposition should
be expected. Governments were slow In
cooperating with the international labor
movement. Some statesmen prefer to
play the political game in secret some
are very fond OF the game ot war. They
are not the ones who feel the cold edge
of steel or place themselves at the mercy
o. machine guns We prefer to trust the
statesmen of democracies to those OF
autocraces in these respects, but from
time to time the devptees of war and
the interests which support them are
eminent.
But aside from these executive insti-
tutions suggested by the International
Association for the Legal Protection OF
Labor. philanthropists cong since have
provided means and machinery 70 serve
the ideals of peace numerous peace so
c'eties and extensive peace organizations
are in existence, the war has brought
Into being and given vast powers to
tguio CHI
food. raw materials. &c II remains for
the people of the world through the
action of their representatives to seize
these instruments that are at hand and
in the process of immediate develop
ment, 10 preserve them when the alb
normal conditions that gave them birth
have ceaser 20 operate. to coordinate
and amplify them, and through them To
sccu-c such az organization for tho ef-
ncent and peaceful regulation of inter
national life as never before existed.
Again the labor movement is related
to that which is legislative in character
as we'll as to that which is executive
and SO must be all vital international
movements. There is yet no ''parlla
nnent OF man" TO pass international laws
International law still has to depend
for its existence upon the slow action
OF precedent universally approved. Ger.
tain labor laws internationally adopted
have been advancing toward the status
Of international labor law. When pub
lie opinion 50 wills II may cause the
edition of still another department to
International law |. e.. international law
20 maintain peace; there Is at present
international law OF peace, but there Is
TO such thing as International law tC
maintain peace; that is to make peace
obligatory for a time at least, during
which war might otherwise occur. But
these agreements are far behind labor
law in their approximation 10 the stage
OF becoming international law. Wher
International law to maintain peace
shall exist and shall be enforced by
the sanction OF public opinion operating
through an efficient organization, maxi
ing peace the only legal state of man,
kind. there will be little need OF the
Copious international law of war that
now exists and which can never be ex-
pected to have a satisfactory sanction
For If there are to be wars of the
the sanction of public opinion, the only
true sanction for n law Of war as for
2 law Of peace must be divided against
itself and cannot stand.
In the realm Of the judicial, the pro.
tective labor movement has little tC
suggest, although certain Of the labor
treaties provide for the character o
the tribunal which Is to adjudicate Labor
disputes incident to their operation. II
its permanent court of arbitration al
The Hague the peace movement has haL
a prominently important and definitely
organized instrument, which Is neither
permanent nor a court. Moreover TIL,
Hague tribunal has been primarily al