davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The mirror., 1919-07-03

July 4, and upon the order of
Congress, on July 19, was actually
signed on the second day of the
following August.
Mr.. Jefferson used to relate an
amusing story of how the final
signing of this document of Liber-
ty was hastened.
There was livery stable, he
said,s near the hall in which the
Congressional debates were then
held. It was very hot day, and
swarms of flies buzzed through the
open windows and assailed the
silk-stockinged legs of the honor
able debaters. They used their
handkerchiefs alternately to lash
at the flies and to mop their per-
spring brows, but their discom-
tort and annoyance at length be-
came so acute that their patience
was exhausted and they made
haste to sign the Declaration and
bring the momentous business to a
conclusion.
Among the signers were men
engaged in almost every vocation.
There we're twenty-four lawyers,
fourteen farmers or men devoted
chiefly to agriculture, nine mer-
chants, four physicians, one man
ufacturer, one minister, and three
who we're educated for that pro-
fession but who chose other avoca-
tions. The old brick building at
the southwest corner of Seventh
and Market streets in Philadel-
phia, has. for many years. been
proudly designated as 'sThe Birth
place of Liberty" for it was here,
many authorities agree. that,
Thomas Jefferson wrote the first
draft of the immortal document.
The mirror., 1919-07-03

patriarch of this immortal body,
and Jefferson and Livingstone
we're both young men, with their
lives practically before them.
Il gave Jefferson my vote for
chairman of the committee" said
Adams, "and did all in my power
to secure the votes of the others.
l think he had one more vote than
any other, and that placed him at
the head of the committee. / had
the next highest number, and that
placed me second
A committee was appointed to
prepare a Declaration of Inde-
pendence' wrote Jefferson in his
notes. ''The committee was j..
Adams, Doctor Franklin, Roger
Sherman, Robert r. Livingstone
and myself. The committee for
drafting the Declaration desired
me to do it. 1t was accordingly
done, and. before approved by
them, l reported it to the house on
Friday, June %, when it was read
and ordered to lie on the table,"
Amid all the changes in the
phraseology of the Declaration be-
fore it was finally adopted, the
sentence of the headline remained
intact, and just as Jefferson origi-
nally presented it.
The paragraph which led up to
the quoted words is always worthy
of being printed, and never more
so than now:
We hold these thruths to be
self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are en-
dowed by their Creator with GER
tain inalienable rights; among
these are life, liberty and the pur-
suit of happiness. That to secure
The mirror., 1919-07-03
Flies Hastened Signers of the
Declaration.


The Resolution of Independence
of the American Colonies from
England was drafted by Thomas
Jefferson, of Virginia, and re-
ported to the delegates from the
various Colonies on June 26, 1776.
On July 9nd and 3rd, Congress
fehated the resolution with great
earnestness, but the discussion was
not completed that day, and was
continued until July 4.
!, One historians account says the
Declaration was only adopted on
The mirror., 1919-07-03

: What it takes 100000 Men to
make in the way of clothing, food,
building materials, ETC.. is each
year destroyed by rats. A rat
eats everything that man eats, it
kills poultry, it destroys clothing,
it undermines buildings, it causes
fires and it carries contagious
diseases. A rat is distinctly mans
enemy, and no one has ever risen
TO explain the why of the rat.
The mirror., 1919-07-03
Famous Phrase of Jefferson
Stands for All Time

Governments are instituted
among men. deriving their just
powers from the consent of the
governed" This famous phrase
was written by Thomas Jefferson,
in the preamble to the Declaration,
on July 4, 177e.
"Mr. Jefferson" wrote John
Adams in his autobiography, re-
ferring to the events of 1915, had
The mirror., 1919-07-03

two ideas, Autocracy on the one
hand and Democracy on the other.
Democracy won.
And the finishing stroke of vic
tory was made by the United
States of America, the giant of
Democracies. 1t was as if dra-
matically planned by Fate.
America has shown the world
also that a Democracy can be
efficient.
The theorists have always as
sumed that only monarchies could
act with force, promptness, and
unity.
This war has shown that while
an Autocracy can succeed in sud-
denly beginning war, it is
Democracy that wins.
America has shown that
Democracy can develop Spirit of
NatioDalism as intense as Autoc-
racy. The people of the United
States and of France had az burn
ing a patriotism as the subjects of
Kaiser and Gar. 1t has been
shown that love of country does
not depend upon the devotion of
subjects to king.
America has proved that Democ-
racy is not fatal to ideals. Per-
haps the greatest contribution
which America brought to the
cause of the Allies, greater even
than her forces of ships and fight
ing men, was her luminous and in
spring idealism conveyed through
her chosen spokesman.
His utterances were as bat
talions. They gave unity to the
Allied counsels, courage to the
Allied armies, and hope to all the
peoples of the earth.
1t was from the mouth of the
young Democracy, the Benjamin
of nations, not from the ancient
and cultured East, that the word
went forth as flying sword.
This Fourth of July, 1919, also
witnesses Democracy engaged in
the most amazing gesture of self
restraint and self-discipline any
nation has every imposed upon
itself. 1t has plucked the thorn
of alcohol out of its flesh. It has
cleaned itself of the poison of CEN
turies, consecrated by tradition
and interviewer among the desires
as it was.
America has its labor troubles.
but on the whole its workmen en-
joy better living conditions than
those of any other nation. The
representatives of American labor
are already busy with their propa-
ganda to do what they can to i'm
prove the lot of workers all over
the world.
And now that the war is closed
the various religious denominations
of the United States are engaged
in a campaign to raise millions of
dollars and establish thousands of
agencies in the ends of the earth
in order that through hospitals,
schools, churches, and similar or
ganizations, ignorance and disease
may be combated and that founda-
ton of intelligence be prepared
upon which alone stable democ-
racy can be reared.
America is conquering the
world. But she conquers the ma
tions only by setting them free.
She says on this Fourth of July,
1919, to every nation of the world:
The mirror., 1919-07-03
AMERICAS DEBT TO LAFAYETTE
Washington Paid Tribute to Great Service Rendered Dur
ing the War for American independence.
Selected

with some gusto, as if he were not
altogether sorry that his brother
was in trouble. One officer lis
tened with particular attention. He
was youth of nineteen, tall and
thin, with long nose and reddish
hair. His solemn expression and
his somewhat awkward manner
contrasted strongly with the frivo-
lous ease and grace of the other
young officers present. He was a
marquis of long descent, connected
by marriage with one of the
greatest families in France, and he
had at his own disposition very
large income. He listened intent
ly, he asked many eager questions,
and when he rose from the table
he had made a mementous and his
toric resolution. He had resolved
to abandon the pleasures and lux
uries of the gayest court in the
world, even to leave his young
wife and child, and to cast in his
lot with these strange rebels in
America. In his own words,
When first heard of American
independence, my heart was en-
listed!' That young man was La
fayette; and when the American
army went to the front in France
it merely paid a small part of the
debt of gratitude we owe that
splendid young officer that true
nobleman.
Appointed a major general by
Washington in July, he fought at
the battle of Brandywine in Sep
tember and received an ugly
wound. Soon again in the saddle,
he went through many vicissitudes
and privations with Washington at
Valley Forge, his crowning ex-
plot being the forcing of the re-
treat of Lord CORVALLIS, leading
to his surrender at Yorktown. in
I1781. Although Washington and
other famous American generals
had joined him previous to the
surrender, Lafayette, with a small
force, had initiated. the rout of
CORVALLIS at the battle of Albe-
! marie. That the highest credit
was due to Lafayette is shown by
the fact that Washington warmly
thanked and complimented him in
the presence of the troops, after
the great surrender which practi-
cally ended the war.
General Lafayette paid tribute
to Marblehead, Mass, by making
two visits to the people. by whom
he was received with bands of
music and a huge procession of
citizens. 1t is related that on his
first visit IN 1888 there was a con-
troversy as to how the procession
was to proceed through the main
streets of the town, owing to the
fact that at one of the sharp turns,
a house so jutted into the road that
the generals coach could not pass.
On the morning of the great event
it was discovered that the patriotic
family occupying the property
had cut off section of the house,
removing the offending corner and
thus the coach was driven without
a bitch through the street. The
house with part of the first story
missing can still be seen in this
year of 1919.
II -, ..
The mirror., 1919-07-03

L II
IHSOEgH monde qad s'Ameri-
l&Ay canise," by which it is
to be inferred that the French
journalists think that the world is
being Americanized.
1t is.
This Fourth of July in the year
of Our Lord, 1919, is the proudest
in American history; it is to the
triumph, crown, and fruit of all
the Fourths of July since 1776,
and of all that they mean.
The Fourth of July, 1776, saw
the planting of the American idea;
the Fourth of July, 1919, sees the
first apples from its tree, which
shall be for the healing of the
nations"
America has conquered the
world.
We can say this without offen-
sive boastfulness, and the other
nations acknowledge the claim and
smile, because of the strange new
nature of the conquest.
The world has been dominated
before, but the victor has marched
at the head of armies and left his
trail in blood. Alexander mastered
the world. and Caesar, Charlie
magne, and Napoleon, but they all
planted germs of revolt which
quickly rotted the fabric of their
empire.
Americas success has not been
military, although she has shown
herself capable of backing her -in-
tent with physical force. 1t has
been spiritual.
1t has been the triumph of an
idea.
1t has been by an appeal to
things invisible, for we look not
at the things which are seen but at
the things which are not seen, for
the things which are seen are tenn
poral but the things which are not
| Soov Own okorro1,,
Let us specify.
The most amazing fact of the
Twentieth Century, the outstand-
ing achievement of this genera
ton, has not been the winning of
the war, for there have been wars
won before, but it has been the
formation of the League of
Nations, that mighty and solemn
covenant between the Powers of
the earth which promises the end
of war and the beginning of law
as the program of nations.
i And this Pact of Nations formed
at Paris in 1919 was but the Con-
stitution of the United States of
America writ large. The States
of the World simply did what the
States of America had done be-
i fore them, had shown them how
to do, and demonstrated as practi-
cal.
/ Fourth of July, 1919, witnesses
the triumph of Democracy.
i One hundred years ago Democ-
racy was joke. Those of the
j great statesmen of Europe who
did not look upon it with derision
j regarded it as a menace. Even as
late as Carlyle it was considered
both unavoidable and inadvisable.
| Sometimes in the Spring a dash
of rain or a sudden gust of wind
shakes the buds into bloom and we
wake up some morning to find the
Springtime full upon us. Even
thus suddenly came Democracy in
to its own.
i This war started as the usual
! quarrel between dynasties, and the
armies of rival sovereigns moved
forth to slaughter. but Destiny
4 had its own purpose in mind and
before the conflict reached its
height its character had changed
and it became war ito make the
/ world safe for Democracy"
| 1t became q struggle between
The mirror., 1919-07-03
fIRIJGaHEN the Revolution be-
IAMESaB1 gan Americans were
B@3SX3kEI still pioneers and
RExSVS0)u e%ro;rht ohoofnrs The

B&4SZ9REu still pioneers and
G@YSgg straight shooters. The
country was full of men who had
served in the war against the
French and Indians. Washington
had been all his life a soldier. It is
not surprising that American Off
GERS felt quite able to handle the
military situation without assist
ance from the host of applicants
for commissions from abroad.
Therefore when Washington heard
that a young Frenchman named
Lafayette had left his wife and
child and crossed the ocean to
serve the American cause as a vol
unteer without pay, he muttered,
Zone more incumbrance." But
Lafayette pleaded: ''Give me a
chance; I do not want to be an
honorary SOldler.
He went to Washington's camp
and there began friendship
which ran through so many years
like an idyl. In 1888 Brissot
visited Washington at Mt. Vernon
with letter from Lafayette. He
says Washington spoke to me of
M. De Lafayette with emotion; he
considers him as bis child" Later,
Lafayette sent to Washington the
key to the destroyed Bastille, say
ing: 1T is tribute which l owe
as son to my adopted father. as
an aid-de-camp to my general, as a
missionary of liberty to its patri-
arch"
The spirit of Lafayette was the
spirit of Rochambeau's army. A
host of young French officers
looked on the expedition as a cru
sade for liberty and crowded for
places. Young Berthier was vol
unteer at Yorktown, and he be-
came a marshall of France. Wis
count De Noailles marched afoot
the whole 756 miles from Newport
to Yorktown. Young Simon,
Chosen, Chastellux, a brother of
Talleyrand, Barras, later Director
Barras, and many other enthusiasts
for liberty were in the expedition.
They understood Americans.
Equality was the particular Amer
ican trait which impressed them
most, and this idea was imported
by them from America into France.
Rochambeau placed himself and
his army under the command OF
Washington. The ragged Ameri-
cans always had the right of the
line. In case of equality of rank,
the American officer always took
command. Not so much as cab
bage was taken without payment
Before Yorktown the Americans
we're not skilled in siege opera
tions and Washington gratefully
acknowledged the service Of
French engineers. The French
feet closed the river, and the sur.
render came. Without that French
help we tremble to think what
might have happened.
Toward the close of the year
1776, the duke of Cumberland,
who was the brother of King
George Ill of England, was ira.
yelling in France. and one day he
arrived at the town of Metz. ther
French possession. A certain
count De Brogile, veteran oi
many battles. was in command o1
the garrison, and, to do honor tt
his distinguished visitor, he in
vited some of his officers to meet
him at dinner. Now it happened
that the Duke of Cumberland was
in disfavor with his royal brother
-he was, in fact. in banishment
He had lately received news thai
certain of his majesty's colonies il
America had rebelled and declared
themselves free, declining to bt
subject any longer to tyrannica
king. 1t would seem that tht
The mirror., 1919-07-03

these rights, governments are insti-
tuted among men, deriving their
just powers from the consent of
the governed" Eek.
The mirror., 1919-07-03

I[NNTTNlHHEY are using in Paris
Dr451I& now the phrase, lie
BS0Dg monde qad s'Ameri-
EA-NlA cnuise. ,, bv which il ia
The mirror., 1919-07-03
AMERICAS GREATEST FOURTH
The Most Amazing Fact of the Twentieth Century is
The Formation of the League of Nations

DR.. Frank Crane. in Pictorial Reuiesc.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
65 MILLION
WAGE BOOST
AUTHORIZED
Pay and Half for Overtime AL
lowed Only to Men in
Yard Service
AVERAGE INCREASE $16O

Washington, April l1.--Wage adj
vances agg,egating sixty-five millions
were ordered today by Director Gen.
eral Hines for 10000 railway engi.
neers, firemen, trainmen and conduc-
tors in passenger and freight service,
members of the big four brotherhood
and to be retroactive. ..'
The brotherhoOd's demands for pay
and half for overtime were granted
ed only for men in yard service. The
increases were arranged according to
a contemplated schedule one OF the
considerations being to restore the
wage relations existing before the as
sumption of government control. The
average increase in wages will be 81 60
per man. b. II 5E 49,
Including today's increases, the ag-
gregate wage increase granted to p
00A, 900, railway employees is more than
$500 average per man Thus the total
payroll OF Americas railways is rails
ed to nearly three billion per year
from q basis Of approximately two Eil-
lions on January !, ), 1915. when the
roads passed into the governments
hands. .g 4,
Back pay for workers from. Jantl-
ary, u will be given Orotherhood men
as soon as railway paymasters can
work out the tables Accountants es-
innate about a billion increase in re-
ceipts from tariff increases last year.
More than 20 per cent of this will be
eaten up in wages.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
MANDAN TO HAVE
BIG AUTO PLANT
Plans Announced for. Garage 100
by LAO Feet to Cost
About $4,000

+ Mandan, N. D., April lt.--A new
garage 100 by l40 feet in size to cost
approximately $4,000 will BE- con-
stiu"ted as soon as bids can be Sc
cured ON the building and the weather
permits.
The announcement was made this
morning by directors Of the Western
Auto company. The site selected and
purchased is the southwest corner of
Second Avenue and First street, di-
rectly opposite the Daily Pioneer Of
flee
This move has been contemplated
for some time, the old garage Of the
company having proven too small. 1t
was recently sold to L. F. Lyman of
the Perfection Baking company.
The Western Auto company has
been re-organized, new stockholders
admitted and the capitalization raised
to $4,000. At the meeting last eve
ming directors were elected as fol-
lows: L. r. Smith, r. A. Country
man, DR.. H. 0. Altnow, F. B.
O'Rourke, Ed Miller, George H. Bin
genheimer and E. A. Ripley.
/ Election of officers will be held
later l.. F. Smith, will be manager
of the new garage. mr
The building will be one story but
so constructed that it will be possible
to add as high as six additional stories
for offices or other purposes as the
need may become apparent.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
NORTHERN PACIFIC
EARNED SURPLUS
OF $2,768,334 IN 'lS

New York. April 11-After paying
dividends Of $4',S60,0o0 the Northern
Pacific railway company earned a sur
plus of s2,769,334 in 1918, according to
the annual report. approved at a
meeting OF stockholders today.
The report contained both corporate
and federal income accounts. The
former showed that out of its standard
return of $3O,OS9,692 from the rail-
road administration and income from
miscellaneous sources amounting to.
gether to $3S.222,307, balance Of $20.-
129,394. applicable to dividends re-
NAMED -y
The government account shows that
with net operating revenues OF $751;
,957, the, railroad administration
after final deductions had deficit of
$1,22S,429. 49,.
Five retiring directors were re-
elected and George II. Carl. vice pre-
sident Of the company was chosen to
fill a vacancy caused by the resigna-
tion OF William Sloan, now in France.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
ARMY OFFICER HERE TO
AID SOLDIERS IN QUEST
OF $50 BONUS CHECKS

Capt. P. J. Keegan of the United
States field artillery, is here to assist
former soldiers to promptly obtain
their $50 bonus. Capt. Keegan has
been assigned to this duty at the sug-
gestion of Adjutant General Fraser.
He will certify to true copies of dis
charge papers and will offer returned
soldiers other assistance in filing their
claims. He will remain in the city
over Sunday. r.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
TO BE
REAL TANK TOWN
AND PROUD OF IT.
Capital City Center for War
Loan Enthusiasm TomOr-
row Afternoon
ALI. STORES WILL CLOSE
Half Holiday Proclaimed My
Mayor Lucas-State House
Falls in Line
IN. STORES WILL CLOSE
PROCLAMATION.

Wheras we will have with Us to-
morrow a genuine American army
tank, operated by two officers of
the American tank corps, brought
to Bismarck in the interests Of the
Victory Loan drive, and inasmueh
as we are also to be favored with
addresses from Lieut.. Browning Of
the y. s. aviation corps; Major }.
m. Hanley, who commanded a ma.
chine gun battalion on the west
front, and c. L. Young, Four Min
ute Man, as mayor Of the city Of
Bismarck do most respectfully
request and urge that all ou:slic
and private business houses and
offices in the Capital City close
from 1880 to 3 o'clock Saturay af-
ternoon, April ~, in order that
their employees may have an op-
portunity to see the tank and to
hear the speeches.
A. W. LUCAS, President
Bismarck City Commission.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
DRYS WIN
PART VICTORY
IN CANADA

Montreal, April 11-With larger
number OF points in distant parts OF
Quebec province to be heard from,
the wet majority registered in yester.
days referendum election in favor Of
light wines, cider and beer had been
increased to 100000 this morning.
Prohibition leaders said this morning
that while a bone dry triumph had not
been achieved, a substantial prohibi-
ton victory had been won.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
FOR EARLY CONVOY

Washington, April ia CABLE
gram from American expeditionary
headquarters to the war department
today announced that all organiza-
tions of the, goth and the 23rd, Illinois
division, had been assigned to early
convoy, as we'll as the 158th field hos
pital brigade and base hospital No. IT,
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
PERSHING'S BAND
TO HELP OUT IN
VICTORY LO A n

New York. April 1l.-"Pershing $
own band" organized by the com
mander in chief, to- improve music al
standards in the army, has .ailed for
home on the Eeviathan to aid in the
Victory loan. This band, including 104
of the best musicians in the Ameri-
can army and a drum corps OF 10 will
take part in Victory loan demonstra-
tions, throughout the country.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
NINE KILLED.

Seoul. April 11.-Nine persons are
said to have bn' killed and many 9th
ers injured in disturbances at five
points in the rpovince of Ping ang
Yang 49,.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
AND CHINESE -
BANKS UNDERGO RUNS.
N. &. A. Special to The Tribune.

Toxic, April 11.-Japanese banks
recently withstood run caused by re-
ports of grave finacial trouole They
also extended help to q number OF
Chinese banks which were under fl
nancial strain.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
BANKS HELP
ROADS OUT

Washington, April IL. - Bakers,
railway executives and Director Cen
eral Hines today agreed to cooperate
to care for May / financial require
ments of the roads along lines fol-
lowed in providing for April require
ments.