davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-02-11
ENVIRONMENTS POWER
By H. Addington Bruce

BY H. AddlngtOn Bruce
TORMER Governor John G. Brady, of
II Alaska, who died recently at Sitka had
an unusually interesting life history
from a psychological point of view. His ca
reer was a striking illustration of the in
fluence of environment in the shaping of
character.
Early in life his prospects were dark in
deed. His mother died while he was child,
and his father soon after deserted him. He
was left to shift for himself in the streets
of New York.
Then kind fortune brought him into the
care of the Childrens Aid society, the officials
of which promptly set to work to save him
from slum influences.
1t was their belief that, provided with a
good home and given proper training, almost
any boy girl would turn out we'll, no mat
ter what his or her heredity. In this belief
they placed young Brady with an Indiana
farmer, John Green, of Upton. The boy was
then only ten years old.
For eight years he lived with Mr.. and Mrs.
Green, in home where he was taught to
work hard, love God, and be sincerely inter-
ested in his fellowmen. At eighteen he be-
came a school teacher, at twenty-one he en-
tered Yale.
Already he had made up his mind to de-
vote his life to religion and social service.
From Yale he passed to the Union Theological
seminary, and after his graduation went to
faraWay Alaska a missionary.
There the remainder of his long and use
full life was spent. He became one of Alas
ka's real makers. In 1897 he was appointed
it's governor by President Mckinley, and was
reappointed by President Roosevelt. serving
three terms.
OF course it may be argued that heredity
must have had much to do with John G.
Brady's responsibility to the training he re-
ceived on the Indiana farm. But without
such training what would heredity have avail
ed him?
Some years ago the Children's Aid society
issued a report on the results of its work
with homeless boys and girls of New York
many of them known to be of truly vicious
parentage.
In half a century it found good homes for
many thousands of these unhappy waits. And
with this result:
per cent were returned to New York, 2 per
cent died, IA of 1 per cent committed petty
crimes and were arrested. and IA per cent
left their homes and disappeared.
''These last were larger boys of restless dis
position, unaccustomed to country life or any
sort of restraint Some of them struck out
for themselves, obtaining work at higher
wages, and were temporarily lost sight of,
but years afterward we hear of them as hav-
ing grown up good and respected citizens"
Not the birth but the home--that is the
thing that counts for most in the making or
the sopiling of men and women. The sooner
this basic truth is universally appreciated
the better for mankind's future
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-02-11

IT is indeed unfortunate that every school
official, school teacher and parent cannot
study the education survey OF Columbia,
S. c.. made by Dr. Frank F. Bunker, of the
bureau of education, assisted by Prof. Garlic
ton B. Gibson, superintendent of the SaVan-
nah public schools, and others. This COM
mittee did not undertake to criticize Column
bias school system, for Its purpose was TO
examine the difficulties which confronted this
city in creating her system, and to point out
those practices which are generally neld ny
other cities to be the best.
The report wisely and inspiringly leads the
teachers into new pathways of educational
progress, which tend to develop new strength
and daily renewal of satisfaction.
In discussing the methodology of accom-
plishing the twofold task that society has
placed upon the schools-that of establishing
certain necessary habits and that of trans
hitting body of useful relationship COM
mittee points out certain defects in teaching
that will be of benefit to teachers and shows
the need of supplemental help, such as books,
charts, maps, globes and illustrative material
of various kinds used in modern schools.
The committee says that in every subject
studied in the school-room there are some
things which, because of their intrinsic value,
need to be known so we'll that correct re-
sponses become automatic. The multipliCa-
ton tables, locative facts in geography, dates
and names in history, correct usage OF Ian
guage, correct SpoIllnS OF WOrQS are llluSCFd-
tions of habits and facts which need to be so
we'll established that they become automatic,
making certain that correct responses are
instantly made without the necessity OF
thought. "It is a legitimate and necessary
task of the schools to see to it that this
formal side of the education Of the youth is
secured" says the report. con the other
hand the larger task, though no more i'm
portant one, is to transmit that body of rela-
tons among facts which the social group has
found to be necessary. This fundamental dis
tnction between the formal content of educa-
ton and that which has to do with relations
with concentrations, with principles sug-
gests at once fundamental distinction in the
methodology of the school-roOm. That is to
say experience and reflection have shown
that certain types of teaching methods are
effective in the field Of the formal, whereas
certain other methods of procedure are best
in the field of the cultural, as the second IS
frequently called.
In the one case the object is to establish
habits, to make the use of facts automatic; in
the other case, the purpose is to arouse
thought processes, to direct them along
recognized lines, to discover thereby certain
relationships. The method best adapted to
accomplish the first task is drill; the most
effective method in the second is organized
oral discussion. In the field of the automatic
thinking is a mistake, land it is likewise
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-02-11

At the peace table there will be German
waters.-Baltimo American.
The German elections show that Bolshev-
isms weakest spot is the ballot boX.-Wash-
ington Post.
The kaiser is growing beard. Evidently
he has had enough close shaves.-Ba1timor
American.
William Hohenzollern, we are told, has
recovered from his recent illness, but he is
not out of danger.-Boston Globe.
The former kaiser is reported to have
severe cold in the head. The cold evidently
extended from his feet.-Long Island City
Star.
The German revolt leaders, Karl Lieb
knecht and Rosa Luxembourg, advocated vio-
lence and that's what they got.-Boston
Transcript
Men are beginning to talk about Colonel
Roosevelts probable successors, but the num-
Der required to take his place is not men
tioned-Toledo Blade.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-02-11
NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS

addressing your paper shows the time
subscription expires By renewing at least two weeks
before the this label service.
In ordering changed to mention old
your address. If route, please the
foute number.
We cannot subscriptions to begin with back
Remances should be by postal order regis
tered mail
Address all orders and this Department to
THE SEMI-WEEKLy JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-02-11
The Journals Service Fla.

In honor OF. the seventy-three Atlanta Jour-
nal men who have entered the service of their
country. The two white stars are in memory
of Captain Meredith Gray and Captain James
S. Moore, Jr., Journal men, who gave their
lives for our country in France.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-02-11
CURRENT EVENTS

in Atlanta Semi Weekly
appears throughout the
during of the
newspapers and of foreign countries
eponzed by editorial staff.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-02-11
TWO-FOLD TASK OF SCHOOLS-By Jesse Armistead

mistaken pedagogy to get relations by process
of memory and drill in the cultural Held.
colder education emphasized the former
field" says the report, 'newer education the
latter Correct education will recognize the
value of both, will carefully include in It's
course only the essentials OF each, and Will
insist that each of these tasks be done etfec-
lively by the general methods operative IN the
respective fields. The older schools carried
drill to an absurd extreme; the newer schools,
in the reaction away from excessive drill,
went to the other extreme and declared that
the necessary facts and habits could be gotten
incidentally. We know that the things
which are left to incidental treatment are not
gotten at all and that the older schools were
partly right and that the newer schools were
only partly right. But recent practice recog-
nizes that the school has twofold task and
that the methodology of accomplishing the
one is not applicable in getting results in the
other.
"Some teachers when a child cannot tell
promptly what the sum Of and is, tell him
to think. So the child uses the fingers as
an abacus and thus thinks out the answer
The fact, however, that the child cannot re-
call instantly the sum of and and that he
has to think about it is clear evidence that
the teacher has not been successful in her
work, in this particular at least for her
methods should have made it unnecessary for
the child to do any thinking about it. In
deed, within the field Of the formal, thinking
is out of place for the very purpose Of max
ing things automatic and habitual is to get
rid of the necessity for thinking. On the
other hand, many teachers holding the
children responsible for the list of relation
ships among facts which the several text
books set forth without sufficient class dis
cussion participated in by all to make the
concentrations by the several authors mean
anything beyond dogmatic statements. The
failure of many teachers to recognize that
there is this fundamental distinction to be
drawn in both the content and the method of
the several subjects of the curriculum ac-
counts for much poor teaching. Tnere are
teachers who do differentiate between the
formal and cultural subjects in this matter.
The work of these stand out in the corps but
until the corps as a whole recognizes this dis
tinction and seeks to employ it in practice
there will not be that good teamwork which
ought to be the desideratum of all supervision
and which is based in considerable measure
upon unity in aim and in general method"
If ever We have moments of doubt it is
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-02-11

If ever We have moments of doubt it is
when men like Theodore Roosevelt have to
die and Bill Hohenzollern still lives-Detroit
Free Press.
Reports are that the Hohenzollern ex-
kaiser is raising a beard, which is an improve
ment on what he has been raising for the last
four or five years.-philadelphi Press.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-02-11

Prophets get c!cd't for the things they
miss more than tRose they correctly prophesy
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-02-11

At the request of President Wilson, pro-
vision was made in the diplomatic and con-
sular bill by the senate appropriations
committee for ministers to the new Czecho-
Slovak nation ami the new government or
Poland Secretary Lansing informed the
committee that the president had given in
structions by cable that provision be made
for the ministers
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-22

Washington, December 21.-(Special) Railroad labor has no issue with in- 'vested capital and is therefore in a |class dissimilar to all other varieties |of labor, according to Senator Under wood in an address defending the labor |sections, or the anti-strike sections of the Cummins' railroad bill.
 That bill, as regards it's anti-strike |sections, has caused great commotion lon the part of organized labor through |out the United States. Its provisions making a legal strike impossible are |regarded by spokesmen of organized sabor as unusually drastic, and as sec
 Hons containing blows against labor (which means the destruction of labor. Very broadly, organized labor has threatened the political death of all
 men who espouse those sections.
 The indications are that organized
 labor in Alabama, insofar as the rad-
 teal leaders are concerned, will en-
 deavor to make the right of labor, or
 all labor, to strike, even though it
 strike against the federal government.
 an issue in the senatorial campaign next year. As for organized labor's
 threat of revolution in the events its
 demands are not granted, Senator Un- derwood has unhesitatingly taken the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-22
WILL HOLD OPTION ON
 LEY COMPANY SHIPYARDS

Washington, December N.-tope- cia1. )-Regarding the desire Of indi- viduals and corporations to secure the Fred T. Ley & Go. ship yards near Mobile, John Barton Payne chairman of the United States ship ping board, declared this morning that the Ley company would be given three months in which to exercise its option to purchase the property from the government.
 "The Ley company" said Judge Payne, "has already called for an ap- praisal of this property in accordance with the terms of the contract, which provide a basis on which the company may purchase. Until I am advised that the company does not desire to purchase, we are not prepared to open negotiations with other parties. The company may make answer within 8 month, or the delay may be as great as three months
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-22
Who Owns the Railroads!

From Leslies.
 Some people seem to think that gov ernment ownership Of railroads would mean the wrestling O. the roads from the hands of few mi1lionaires. Moth ing could be further from the facts. The Pennsylvania railroad has recently reached new high record in the num- Der of stockholders. August 1 the ag- gregate number of 112,216. this being an increase of more than 5000 in year. The average holding is now S9 shares as against 106 shares two years ago. The railroads of the country have over 1000 shareholders, the number about equaling the number of employees, yet the latter under the Plumb bill would take over properties they do not own. Railroad security holders represented by insurance companies and their poli- cy-holders and savings banks and their depositor aggregate 30,000, ,000 persons None of the great corporations. not even the packers are owned by a few They are managed by a few, which is essential if they are to be well man. aged, but the holders of their securities are to be found in every village anc hamlet in the land.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-22
GREENVILLE

Greenvii1e. December 2O.-(Special)- Miss Kate Porter, secretary of the home service department of the Butler county chapter of the American Red Cross. states that this department has been unusually busy since it opened and con siderable military, citizen and soldier re- lief work has been accomplished.
 A large number of soldiers have been assisted in keeping in touch with their insurance policies in the war risk insur- ance board and many of the soldiers families have been given assistance to- ward receiving back a1lotments etc
 A number of destitute hmilies have been given aid. In connection with this work quantities of clothing were con tributed to the Red Cross by citizens and this has been placed iK needy hands
 Eight soldiers have been sent to voca- tional training schools and applicants are on file for several more.
 According to a statement made by C. c. May, circuit clerk of Butler county. who has charge of dog registration. only 752 male and 173 female dogs have been registered for Butler county. He believes that there are many more dogs in the county and that owners are talk ing a risk in delaying the registration of these animals any further than Jans rary first. An officer has already been appointed to enforce the dog registration law, and it will be a misdemeanor to own dogs after January first unless the said dogs have been duly registered.
 The Greenville branch of the Southern Cotton Oil company closed down for the season Wednesday night, after having been in operation since September 5 This mill is one of the largest operated by the Southern Cotton oil company, and during the season that has just closed many tons of cotton seed have been crushed and was the means of putting considerable money into circulation, due to the large force employed in the opera tion of the mill and to the great amount expended for raw material. The mill during the past season has been under the management of H. IT. Knowles C. Arlington, day superintendent, and P. C. Ross, night superintendent. During tha summer. according to a statement made by Mir. Knowles, the mill will undergo 1 considerable improvement and win be equipped to handle the increased busi- ness the mill expects to do in 1920.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-22
The Greatness of America

 the  our independence
  petroleum cent of 4S cent of of sulphur 37  supplied
  seuuenc FERRAIINE bounds RED the of the Germ Family the destroyer  teadfas and the but lost hope in the strength O. endea
  ills and evils of "white corpuscles' in blood.
  certainty
  Try NOW, TODAY, WITHOUT DELAY
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-22
BILL FOR DAMAGES FROM WARRIOR WORK

Washington, December N.-(SpeciaI )- The House has passed bill authorizing the payment of $3975 to Nancy Parsons, c. M. Parsons, D. F. Staggs Ollie Stages, Rosa Stages, Lena Birohfield, Alice Birchfield, Bertie Gwin, Greedy Gilbert, all of Jefferson county for dam- age to property owned by them in Jef- ferson county, caused by the construc- ton of dams in the Warrior river
 The value of this property was ap- praised by one set of commissioners at s5S50 and another set at $SO50 Later a jury in the federal court valued the property at $4l0O. which, on motion, the judge reduced to $S975. Representative Huddieston's bill for the relief of the pe- titioners was amended in committee to the extent that provision for interest was eliminated. As it appeared upon the floor, it provided payment for s4100, the amount of the court verdict prior to the reduction by the judge.
 When that discrepancy caused Repre- sentative Longworth and others to threaten objection to the consideration of the bill, Representative Huddleston hastily amended it by striking $4100 and substituting sas75.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-22

from quitting work if he does not en- joy it. If he thinks that he can get a better wage or more satisfactory em- ployment elsewhere, there is nothing in this bill that stands in his way. The only thing in this bill, if you bring it down to its last analysis, and eliminate all the preliminary procedure of ar bitration, is that a government board, appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate of the United States, represent ing the 10o.0oO,O00 people of this coun- try, entirely free from bias either on the side of capital or labor. shall de- termine what is a fair and just wage to the men who carry the commerce or this country, and then reflect that de- termination back into the freight and passenger rates. and make it charge against the shipping public of Amer ica. and I might add against the con suming public of America. That is all there is in this bill.
 But like any other law that is writ ten in the interest of the people, the bill says that if you do not comply with the law, the government shall make you comply with the law. What does that mean? That means that any man. in railroad, employment in the future, who is not satisfied with his wage or his working conditions, can carry his complaint to the govern ment tribunal without let or hindrance from any source. He does not have to be tool of a labor union or of rail- road company. He can exercise his own individual rights, and have the government determine the justice of his controversy.
 There is no danger of this govern ment doing injustice to this great body of American citizens. This is a repub- lican, a free government. The men whose wage scale will be tried in this government court cast 100000 votes in the American republic. Is it at all probable under those conditions that the findings of that board are going to be unjust and inequitable against the mass of organized labor.
 'I think not. If there is any bias to be expected on any side, it will fall on the side of the employe, naturally, but in the end it will be check against any inordinate increase in wages that must be reflected into the freight rates that must be paid by the American people"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-22
SMELLING COMMITTEE
 l. COMING TO MUSCLE SHOALS

Washington December N.-(Spe- cial0-The republicans Investigating committee on expenditures in the war department will, beginning January no, go through the southeastern states.
 The itinerary of the committee in- c1udes Muscle Shoals, on the Tennes- se eriver, where the government has expended upward of S70,000.000.
 The republicans. despite their fail- ure to date, still entertain hope or finding scandal in connection with the nitrate plans construction.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-22
DEGREE WELL DESERVED
RY AssocIated Prnss

London, December 1.-The Spectator points out to Englishmen that the hon. orary degree of doctor of laws conferred by Cambridge university on J. F. Mor- gan of New York, was extraordinarily well deserved
 MT. Morgan has always been a fasS friend of this country and a hard worker for closer Anglo-American understand ing the Spectator continues Early in 1915 his firm was selected to act as conN mercial agents for the British government in the United States. It was he who concentrated and co-ordinated the enor- nous orders for war materials He also acted as agent for the French govern ment and by eliminating competition in prices and deliveries he probably saved the allies hundreds of millions of pounds.
 'It was MT. Morgan again who took the chief part in placing on the American market the Anglo-French loan for G100, COG, 900, loan unprecedented in the history of external loans by any government. He refused to arcept any remuneration for placing the loan. His work in using British securities to stabilize the ex- change was also invaluable.
 He has done more than risk his for tune in the cause of the allies; he has also risked his life. His escape from the German assassin who twice wounded him was a narrow one. Englishmen may well rejoice in any honor which can give some satisfaction to MT. Morgan"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-22
1 NATION MUST EXPAND
 | ITS FOREIGN TRADE

Washington. December 21.-fSpecial) J. The United States must expand it's for eign trade policy and reach out for those countries which have no established line of ships, according to J. W. Alexander, the newly appointed Secretary of Com merce.
 '"The shipping board is in position to do this," he added, "in as much as there are a large number of ships which must he operated until they are sold to privare concerns"
 The Secretary is also in favor of con- centrating the other agencies of the gov ernment which have to do with foreign trade, and insists on greater coordination between these agencies and the depart ment.
 By doing this'' he declared 'it would save a great deal of money, and prevent duplication of work
 This is the first statement made by the Secretary since his inauguration.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-22
UNDERWOOD FRIENDS
 CONFIDENT OF VICTORY

Washington. December 2k-(Spe- cia1 )-Democratic senators, in caucus this morning, formally ratified the agreement previously reached by Senators Hitchcock and Underwood to elect party leader January IS.
 In the caucus, Representative liar rison of Mississippi, spokesman for Senator Underwood, declared that the original plan contemplated unfair practice" and to that extent was out rageous. The caucus had been called by Hitchcock in Knowledge ot the ab- sence of five. Underwood supporters
 Senator Underwood believes that his election is certain. His strength January 15 will have been augmented by the accession of Secretary Glass. who will take his seat in the Senate January 1.