davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
viii the Hun
"COnre Back?

Shall we build walls strongly against
the later coming of the Kan or shall
we Americans be tempted by the glitter
and order, superficial but expressive, of
his systems, seeing only the machine and
not the product, revealed IN Metz2 Atroci-
ties! No one could see Metz and not real
lze that the same race which wrought here
was bound to commit atrocities. Nor could
one see Metz and not feel that the power.
the force behind the race that did its work
there, would turn it to new attack in it's
own time.
Meantime-and it is my final impression
despite snow and cold, hardships of food
and transportation, one has a sense of
spring in Metz, sense of the beginning of
new season; there were smiles on bag
gard faces, there were everywhere signs
OF dellverance; part of France had JOY
ously, completely returned to la patrie;
statues of the German Emperor and his
marshals gone from their pedestals,
they no longer looked hatefully into
France, which survived 1870. On the CON
trary, now, after his long vigil, he still faces
fearlessly eastward toward Germany, and
the poilu on his Boche emplacement sets
his face toward his fatherland and seems
to be calling back long departed exiles to
"Pays Messn," no longer with the mourn
full "Quand Meme" of the past, the watch
word of hope in defeat, but with the new
message "On Les AZ We've Got En-"
Copyright, 1919 BIZ the Mcclure Newspaper
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

night hours on the highways from which
they are now strangely missing.
BY the operation of such a police system
no personal right of privacy is being in
vaded. The individual who strols on Fifth
Avenue is under the observation of the po-
lice. The man who drives his automobile
in the highways is required by law to dis
play identification numbers. The point
rather is that the police have failed to de-
velop the possibilities of identification
into continuing record at strategic points
held constantly in inter telephonc commu-
nicatiCn.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

Customs duties on such Injuries as
precious gems are now extremely low
barely ten per cent on some classes-just
because, if placed high, The temptation
to smuggle becomes too great and the in
come from too high duties will be less
than from low ones.
Granted aeroplane perfection, many ar
ticles light in weight will go into the class
of diamonds as easily smugglable.
The right to Ay in the arrow undis-
puted-soon will have to come under the
reign of law. In Europe, single aero
plane in an afternoon can fly over dozen
European boundaries. VIII it be permits
sibe to fly over an intervening country, if
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

the features of the Kaiser; and the French
returning have so far spared this statue,
contenting themselves with only claiming
its hands. 1t is a pretty jest, and yet one
feels the enduring strength OF the German
thing which deties humor, wit, common
sense, lies superior to all our Western
standards
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

traffic by means Of bridges or by narrow
passes between ridges Of hills are not so
many in number They police in peculiar
way the included territory and should be
the centres OF the permanent state highway
police from which the motorcycle officers
should operate. With these strategical
points constantly under observation, with
tho traffic recorded and with the stations
held in instant telephone communication
with each other, the seine is spread, few
undesirabIes will get through the net, and
law and order will again illuminate the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

In the silk raid case, the Hartford police
were on the way to the bridge over the
Connecticut at Hartford when the bandits
were actually crossing the bridge. A
lucky accident only resulted later in the
capture. Had there been permanent police
station on the bridge, telephone call
would have intercepted the party.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
How Eur0pe
Stops Them

In Europe there is a method Of hating
automobiles who ride by signals which is
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

POITCt
chester, Conn, in the silk mill rads-all
carried out by bandits equipped with fast
passenger automobiles, bring society face
to face again with the great problem of
the criminal possibilities of new inventions
when applied to illegitimate purposes.
In the above cases, the problem plainly
is-who owns the roads? Does the auto
mobile driver in the wee small hours pos
sess fee simple in the highways or is he
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
BY J. Pease Norton

.HE sensational episodes Of the last
few weeks, the robberies of Brook
Ign Rapid Transit cars, the murder
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

Copyright, 1919 BIZ the Mcclure Newspaper
Svndicdtc)
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19

nant under Point 18 It shall ipse fucto be-
come at war with ali the other members o.
the league, which shall subject it TO a com
plete economic and financial boycott includ-
ing the severance Of all trade and financial
relations and prohibition of all intercourse
between the subjects Of the nations con-
prisng the league and the subjects Of she
COMMUNICATING state, and prevention as
far as possible Of the subjects OF the cove
nant-breaking state from having any com
mercial financial intercourse with the
subjects of any other state, whether mer1-
ber Of the league or not. While all mem
bers Of the league are obliged to take the
above measures, it shall be left to the coun-
Gil to decide what effective naval or military
force the members shall contribute and
whether it IS advisable TO absolve smaller
members of the league from making sucn
contribution. The covenant breaking stat
shall after restoration of peace be subje,.
to perpetual disarmament and 81 the peace
full regime established for new states under
Point s."
Differing from all the others, Lord
Robert Cecil pronounced positively
against the use of force. He said:
"Quarrels are to remain under considera-
ton for a specified time, and further time
IS TO elapse after decision has been
reached before the contending countries
shall be allowed to go to war Moral force
however, is to be the ultimate factor en-
ployed to prevent war"
In amplitcation, Lord Robert asserted
that an international arn1v and navy
were not feasible at this time. Nations,
ne said, were not ready to surrender
their sovereignty to league of nations
to the extent that they would be willing
to allow league to dictate whether thev
should employ their forces in the ses-
ting of quarrel which the tribunal had
been unable to prevent by moral sua-
sion.
Lord Robert said he believed. how
ever, that each nation should bind il
self to use all means, even force, in or
der to compel the dispute to be brought
before the leagues tribunal:
The preservation of peace would be the
normal instead of the special function Of
the league. In case Of quarrel the league
could only express an opinion, because an
international army is not feasible for set
ting disputes. The power behind the league
would not be police control, but the weight
Of public opinion. Public opinion, however
would be sufficient to insure at least that
any future war would be reduced to single
disputes; that IS, there would never be an
other war like the present one"
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
Who'll be served first?
The Tossische Zeitung

the governments of the constituent states
for the purpose Of joint international ac-
ton in certain defined respects and will
not derogate from the independence Of those
states 1t VIII consist of a general con-
ference, council. and courts Of arbitra-
ton and Cancellation.
I'll The general conference in which
all the constituent states will have equal
voting power and will meet periodically to
discuss matters submitted to it by the coun-
Gil. These matters will be generally meas
ures Of international law or arrangements
general proposals for the limitations Of
armaments Of securing world peace or
any other general resolutions the discus
sion Of which by the conference is desired
by the council before they are forwarded
for approval to the constituent govern
ments. Any resolution passed by the con-
ference viii have the effect Of recommen-
dations to the national governments or
parlaments'
"12 The council viii be the executive
committee Of the league and VIII consist
Of the Prime Ministers or Foreign secre-
taries or other authoritative representa-
tives Of the great powers, together with
representatives drawn in rotation from
two panels Of the middle powers and minor
states respectively in such d way that the
great powers shall have a bare majority
minority Of three or more can veto any
action or resolution in council
"13. The council will meet periodically.
and viii, in addition, hold annual meetings
Of the Prime Ministers or Foreign Secre-
tur5aa 20 vanaruf tr,oroh.r,<o - ,.;...,.. -;
for review Of the general policies Of the
league. It VIII appoint permanent sec
rctarat and staff, and will appoint Joint
committees FOR the study and coordinatiou
Of international questions with which the
council deals or questions likely to lead to
international disputes II will also take
the necessary steps for keeping up proper
liaison not only with the foreign Offices Of
the constituent governments, but also with
the nandataries acting in behalf Of the
league in various parts Of the world
al. rs function VIII he to take execu-
tive action or control in regard TO tho
matters get forth in the first nine points
and formulate for the approval Of the gov
ernments the general measures Of interna-
tional law or arrangements for limitntion
Of armaments or promotion of world
peace"
The first nine points in the SHUTS
plan over which the league Of nations is
TO have control are as follow:
~. That ia the vast multiplicity Of ter
ritorial, economic ana other problems with
which the peace conference wil nnd 10
seN confronted it should' look upon setting
up lenRue of nations as jts primary basic
task and ns supplying necessary orgnn
by which most of those problems can find
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
An Armed Force
FOreseen

In the plan of ". Bourgeois he fore
sees an international armed force. He
said III his second interview:
"The conference would look into the rights
Of each nation and would consider what
should be done to a state resisting the de-
cisions OF the league. 1t would also take
measures concerning any state not belong
ing to the league and which caused trouble
by violence The project foresees. in order
to compel the submission of such q state
or states. the constitution of an armed force
exercising international control and the es-
tablishment of diplomatic, juridical and
economic measures tending to isolate the
rebeIlious state and compelling it to depend
upon its own resources
Force was also ehvisaged in the Bryce
plan, which said.
"3 To take concerted action. economic
and forcibe, against any signatory power
that should act IN violation of the preceding
condition.
a. To take similar action against any
ignatory power that should declare
or begin hostilities or hostile prepara-
tions against a signatory power without
first submitting the dispute to peaceable
settlement by the method Indicated
"Coerciye action by the members of the
union would be a treaty obligation only in
the case where a state had resorted TO
force before submitting the dispute to
peaceable settlement. For the purpose OF
such action it is not proposed to abolish
national armaments and substitute force
under international control The forro o,,
poyed should be the nntionti forces Of the
members Of the union. international dis
putcs which diplomacy has failed to adjust
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19

forces beyond the standard laid down by
the league for purposes of internal police.
"s. That no state arising from the Old
empires shall be recognized or admitted
into the league unless on condition that its
military forces and armaments shall con
form to the standard laid down by the
league in respect TO it from time to time
"9. That as successor to empires the
league OF nations Will directly, and with
out power Of delegation. watch over the
relations inter Sc Of new independent
states arising from the breakup of those
empires, and viii regard as a very special
task The duty OF concilating and compos-
ing differences among them with view
to the maintenance of good order and gen
eral peace
AS to the machinery of league of
nations, Lord Robert said there should
be an international secretariat operat-
ing permanently to carry on the routine
business between meetings of the main
international tribunal. The main trjbu-
nal would meet periodically, perhaps
every month or six weeks, TO handle mat
ters Of moment.
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
ueneraI Snufs's Plan
ne Most Complete

General Smuts's plan is much more
comprehensive than any Of the others
Fa'fnitted and worked out in far great
e detail. DAVID Lawrence, in his cor
.s4pondence from Paris to "The New
''fk E7ening POST" said that it Gov
e'e' twenty printed pages. His plan
'f'7'aes IN Paragraph f8
nat tne peace treaty email provide taat
.,e nembsrs ~ me league snail bind
..s"'ss'Efs :, jointly and seperally not 70 20
-. "@f WIN one another without previously
,..'''''Ng ne matter in dispute 70 arbi-
@.''n 'f .ne1iry ~ ,he council " the
.."K'e' and nos before there aas been an
4'n " 5epcrt b. the council. and not
.hen ~ against member winch CON
"''o 'ae award or recommendation II
= made ~ tne council IN ita report"
ne pl'n IT General snuts however,
S'ss @ much further than this in laying
.s1~h me eomposition If the council and
sssesff'Di"R s.', definite duties for IL az
:. ~ me constitution II the league uil
"s oi permanent conference among
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
u <hen VIII the Lea0ue
BE E0rn7ed2

he plan Of General SHUTS appar-
entity foresees the league Of nations a.
part Of the peace treaty, for it pro
vides-
That the peace treaty shall provide
thar the members Of the league shall bind
themselves jointly and severaIly no. to 20
70 war etc
". Bourgeois, on the other hand OK
poets TIE league to be formed after the
treaty has been signed. He said.
The third part Of the scheme IS .sa.
Immediately after the peace treaty. IN.
versal conference should be called. A.
7nis conference the Allies would make know
5he obligations which they had entered int.
as regards themselves and would call upon
those nations anxious 20 join the league
Of nations 70 observe the same rules
DO not conclude that it would DO an
easy matter for any nation to join the
ieague-that all that would be necessary
would be to assent to the Obligations inn
posed great deal more than assent will
De necessary The guarantee prese nted bv
each state would be most carefully incurred
INTO by the conference, and very naturally
IN the case Of Germany. would be strictly
verified" 'N''''
NJ. Bourgeois took up the question of
Germany as follows:
The second part of our scheme IS that
'ne Allies having completed this work.
should approach Germany. but not for tho
purpose Of asking her to enter the leapue
OF nations at the outset. That cannot hs
on'u Germany has made full reparation
and has. N fact, submittOc> to the neres,arr
'a"st'sement which justice smposes ~hs
All'es would Simply Indicate the coDdit;nns
OF peace formulated and decided unon :,
the peace congrssS.p -
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
Views on
Disarmament

Only N. Bourgeois and General SHUTS
declared definitely on the question Of
disarmament. NJ Bourgeois confined
himself to saying limitation Of arma-
ment should be included in the peace
treaty General SHUTS detailed his
views as follows
20. That all the states represented la
the peace conference shall agree 70 the abo
lition Of conscription or comDulsorv mil
tary service and their future defence forces
shall consist Of militia or volunteers whose
numbers and training shall after expert in-
quiry DE fixed by the council Of the league.
10 That while the limitation Of srrna-
ments in a general sense is impracticaDle.
the council Of the league snail determine
What direct military equipment and arma-
ment IS far and reasonable IN respect o.
the scale Of forces laid down under Point
-, and that the limits fixed by The coancii
shall not be exceeded without its permis
sion
~. All factories for the production O.
direct weapons of war shall be national lied
and their production shall be subject .a
inspection by officers Of the council. and
thar council shall be furnished periodically
with returns Of the imports and exnor,
Of munitions Of war into or from the ter,
tories Of members and az Tar as possible
INTO or rom other countries
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19

their only solution Indeed the confer
ence should look upon itself as the first or
preliminary meeting of the league intend
ed to work out It's organization, functions
and programme
- That In so far at any rate, as the
peoples and territories formerly belonging
to Russia, Austra-Huneary and Turkey
are concerned, the league should be con
sldered as rcversionary in the most gen
eral sense and as clothed with the right
Of ultimate disposal in accordance with
certain Fundamental princip pies. The rover
sion to the league Of nations should be
substituted for any policy Of national an
nexation
3 These principles are that there shall
be no annexation Of any Of these terri
tories to any Of the victorious states. md
that in the future government of these
territories and peoples the rule of self
determination consent Of the governed
to their form of government shall be fairly
and reasonably applied
"4 That any authority. control or ad
ministration which may be necessary in
respect to these territories and peoDles
OLHcT tNuN LHclr ScIi-UetermIned uutOu-
omy shall be the exclusive function of
and shall be vested in the league Of ma
tlons and exercised by or on behalf of it,
"5. That it shall be lawful for the
league of nations to delegate its authority,
control or administration, IL respect of
any people or territory to some other state
whom it may appoint its agent or man
datary, but wherever possible the agent or
mandatary so appointed shall be nominat-
ed or approved by the autonomous people
or territory.
"6. That any degree Of authority con
troll or administration exercised by
mandatary state shall in each case be laid
down by the League In IA special act or
charter which shall reserve to it complete
power Of ultimate control and supervision
az well as the right of appeal to it from
or by the people affected aRninst any gross
breach Of mandate by the mandatary state.
~ That the mandatory state shal in
ench cage be bound to maintain the policy
Of the opcn door or equal economic oppor-
tunity for all, and shall form no military
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
Germany: When may I come in >"
London Opinion.

would be referred either to judicial process
or TO eonciliarion. Thus, Two classes Of
disputes are recognized and two processes
Of adjustment:
The trst class Of disputes are called
'justiciable. Such disputes are 70 be re-
ferred 20 The Hague Court. as it now ;s or
may IN future be constituted. or to some
other arbitral court
-. The other class Of DISPUTES be;,- -
course, the class most likely to lead - w.
comprising those which are nor ius-iciable.
such as for instance, those which arise out
OF the general economic and political rivalry
OF states, or, it may be, from the discomfort
of nationalities within state where such
discontent commands the sympathy Of =
kindred people
For the settlement Of such disputes
judicial tribunal is not the best authority
1t IS proposed, therefore. TO institute for
inns purpose new international BODY
called the council Of Cancellation.
The members Of the council would be
appointed by the signatory states for 4 fixed
term Of years, tile council being thus alwavs
complete and IN being
"The council would mediate between the
disputants and cndeavor to arrange q settle
ment which should not be a mere conDro-
mise, but should rest upon ineligible and
accepted principles. But in every case
where it fails to Go this it should rublisb
reports setting forth It's recommendation
and the grounds on which they are based
These reports and recommendations
would then form the subject Of debates in
the national Legislative assemblies and ~
discussion at public meetings and in the
press. After six months allowed for this
1t is not unreasonable to hope that the best
public opinion Of all countries would sun
port the council in pressing for an ansicable
solution on the lines suggested and that the
disputants would yield to that pressure.
should this hope not be fulfilled then -
must be clearly understood that no mower
would be under treaty obligation either 70
accept the recommendations Of the council
or to put pressure upon power refusing
to accept then. The states would retain on
these points all their liberty Of action
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
Future Declarations
OF War

The Bryce plan was DIT more definite
in including a provision concerning dec
larations of war. 1t said;
The states included in the union viii
bind themselves by treaty:
a. To refer ali disputes that might arise
between them, if diplomatic methods of
adjustment had failed, either to an arbitral
tribunal for judicial decision or to council
of Cancellation for investig CATION and report.
80. Not to declare war or begin hostil-
lies or hostile preparations until the tri-
bunal had decided or the council had re-
ported
N. Leon Bourgeois developed his ideas
IN interviews with newspaper eorre-
spondents. In an interview with the
Paris correspondent Of The London
Daily Telegraph" he said:
The common scheme we have in mind
is divided into three parts. The first part
is that the Allies should first OF all form
society Of nations among themselves fix
ing the conditions and fundamental rules
and taking solemn engagement TO observe
them. Compulsory arbitration and limita-
ton OF ornaments would Of course be two
o. the main features Of rne league Of ma
Sons entered into by ~e Allies. and the
obligations entered into would be inserted
IN the peace treaty"
In later interview NJ Bourgeois
sad, outlining the plan:
'Fnst, the issuance, before the beginning
O. peace negotiations, of a solemn declara-
Ton By she Allies fixing the fundamental
rules OF Inc organization Of league Of ma
aons' With the assurance Of the Immediate
observance Of he rules among themselves.
second, me peace treaty shall contain
'ae obligation Of compulsory arbitration
ead limitation Of arnaments"
Lord Robert Cecil also outlined his
pan IN newspaper interview He first
0ehned league Of nations as
An improved association Of nations pro-
sd'ng safeguards for peace and the secur-
ing q bette international co6peration'
He then proceeded definitely 70 the
question Of arbitration with the follow
Ing proposal:
All agreements among nations by which
,@en nation binds itself TO see that all war
.'~s diaputes are presented 10 the leagues
,''01na' for consideration, and the use Of
~''ce 20 accomplish this, IL necessary.'
New-York tribune., 1919-01-19
To Enforce the
Leagues Decisions

The next question that arises is IS to
how the decisions of the league arc to
be enforced The League to Enforce
Peace provided
3. The signatory powers shall jointly
use forthwith both their economic and
military forces against any of their
number that goes to war, or commits nets
of hostility, against another of the sigma
tories before any question arising shall be
submitted provided in the foregoing.'
Paragraphs and 2 already given.
The executive committee of the league
authorized the following Interpretation
of Article Three.
"1he sgnatory powers shall jointly use
forthwith their economic forces agalnst
any OF t.e'r number that refuses TO submit
any q.esticu whish arises to an interna-