Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1919-01-20

abolished in 1889 and the republic sub
stitutcd.
Dom Pedro did not long survive his re-
t,rcmcnt. He died in Paris in 1891
LAST OF MANcaus OUT IN 1912.
The rule of the Manohu dynasty over
China, which began in 1914, came TO an
end with the abdication of Pu-yb the boy
Emperor, ON February IL. 1912. He had
been the nominal ruler of China since the
death of his uncle. kuang-hsu, in 1908,
but his father, Prince Chun, was acting as
regent. There had been republican stir
rings in China for several years, particu-
larly in the SOUTH where they eliminated
in 1911 in the election of DIR. Sun Yet Sen
as President of the new republic, at Nan
king, thus establishing a definite cleavage
between north and south China.
In January, 1912, the lmperialists and
Republicans finally succeeded in patching
up their differences and agreeing upon
Chinese Republic for the whole of China,
with Iuan-Shih-kai AS President.
OF all the emperors who have lost their
imperial crowns during the present genera
ton. the boy Emperor of China received
the most generous treatment, perhaps be-
cause he was the most harmless Of them
all The lmpcrlalists OF China refused to
surrender until the best of treatment for all
the Manchus had been pledged by the
Republicans According to the terms of
ah, ic ttiun, the Emperor is receiving an
an, u 4 grant of I,0O0,0O0 taels, and is
living IN the summer palace, near peking,
IN imperial state lie is entitled by de-
cree, 10 all honors accorded to a foreign
sovereign visiting China, and is attended
bv an imperial bodygiard provided by
! the Administration of the Repubila lie
retains possession of all the private proper
~ which belonged TO the Mauchu family
can WILL Snow AS PATHETIC FIGURE.
In the softer distance Of history,
Nicholas II of Russia, last Of the Roman
ofis. is likely to loom as one of the world
most pathetic imperial figures A weak
ling from birth. he never attained inl-
pcrial size. During his boyhood, while ON
visit 70 Japan, there was an attempt
upon his life. lie was badly frightened,
and the experience impressed itself upon
his imagination and had the effect of
making him something Of physical
coward. Like all cmperors of history, who
have not bccp brave enough to hc firm or
generous, Nicholas became the creature If
Courtiers and cliducS, who pcrpctratcd the
most unuttcrabc Crlclties m his name.
Corruption hourlshcd Russia lost the
war with Japan because OF it, and the
revolution of l9oh-,j grew out Of that dc
feat Bat imperialism was firmly rooted
in Russian tradition. The ignorant peas
ants looked upon the Gar rs their little
father The Greek church, which tcttercd
conscience and belief was the rnouthpiCcc
of an imperialism, which reached INTO the
iarthcst hut Of the stcppes MI tho rich
and powerful Glasses winch prohtca from
the exploitation Of the common people
ioincd with czarism III crushing the rrvusu-
ton and the experiment at 1905 failed
Tho corruption and defeats st the first
wears Of the world war again famed the
smoldcring cmbers of revolution into iivld
flame. Hunger, the cvcr-potCnt ally Of
anarchy, brought to the forces Of the
revolution their powerful aid. Overnight
the bread lines in the streets Of PctTograd
became raging mob, which ovcrthrcw
the greatest Of the world 5 dcspotisms.
Believing 10 the last in halfway
measures, Nicholas II ahdicated in favor
of his brother hy the famous March de-
cree of 1917, in the course Of which he said
''Nc. Nicholas III, hv the grace Of God
Emperor Of all the RUssils this is doubt
less the last official decree IN which God
grace viii bC travcstied as sancfionug
autocracy}. Gar OF Poland and Grand
Duke OF Finland, etc. make known % all
our faithful subjects. in the day Of the
great struggle against foreign foe who has
bcCn striving for three wears to enslavc
our country, God has wished to send Rus
sia q rev and painful trif Interior
troubles thrC9tcn 10 have q fatal roper
cuSsion upon the outcome 81 the war
In these decisive DAYS in the life of
Russia VIC believe our people should have
the closest union and organization ol All
their forces for the realization Of speedy
victory. For this reason, IN accord with
the Duma Of the Empire, we have con
sidercd il desirable TO abdlcate the
throne Of Russia and lay aside our SUI
prenc power" a year or more later he
was murdered in a village Of Siberia
that same Siberia whittier he had banlshed
thousands Of his subjects.
HAPsPURGs AND HoHENzoII ERNs.
The dpbaclc Of the Austrian and Ger
man empires Is too recent to require long
reCapltulatlon AuStria-HCngary as the
weakest; was the first q 20 Ramshackle,
polvglot, honeycombed with separatism
and discomfort long before the war, the
Hapsburg throne began shaking with the
first tread Of Russian armies upon the soil
Colds Grow Setter
surprisingly soon. throat Inflammation disap-
irritation &c I'd and throat tick