davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
The Teuton Writer i'm His Repor
Acquits the Armenians of
the Charge of Foment-
ing Rebellion =

RIOR Turkeys fall the charges about the
f. sohoesale deporatoms slaughter of
By tho Turkish government mainly with co
tons:
by the Entente and
married Bryce report did not take place at aL
Thot occurred dportotioms hoIesale
s-eeuons they based regular
proceedings retdlotoy
face of conspiracy Arenans against the safety
of the Turkish EMPIRE
Turkish circulated and
Endorsed throughout the By the German and public opinion
And book published at Podom,
revealing fall and giving the M
to the Turkish government both of the above points,
This book-the only German admission far kmoun, of the
Turkish gutentied "Bht Uber die Lage des Armemischem
Tarke Repo Condition Of the Armenian
People Trky writtem by Dr. Johannes Lepsu chairman
of the Mission and of the GeronArmenon Society,"
the Investigations conducted the Of tho
horrors. 1t establishes the tolopng facts
That the atrocities reported the Entente and
married in the Bryce report did take place.
q single the enacted against
tho Arenian based regular legal proceedings that only did
people conspre
from sedence against aggression that The
systematically with the determination the
Armenian people as their avoVed purpose
This book however, not meant to emghtem the German
printed secretly following
Warnimg
"StricNy confidential Use IN the press prohibited"
article last Sundays Trbne Magazine reproduced
Lepsuss report describing
printed up question
responsibility illuminated by the
third article published Sunday Wi deal h
and religious effects of the prosecutions and Nth the
the press hoodVnking its public regard
of the Kaisers oly
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
armenian
Loyalty Praised

Or. LcpsIus now turns to an analy-
SIS OF the situation at Constantinople
In the first months of the world war.
he points out that the Turkish official
reports Of the events in the Armenian
territory made no effort to establish
q systematic conspiracy on the part Of
the Armenians against tho Turkish
govcrnpent. He says:
only the prosecutions were planned
and executed systematically. No as
scrtlon was made by the Turkish gov
eminent that the Armenian people az
such had made Themselves guilty Of =
revolutionary rising. For months ono
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
Hamid, the really decisive factor
throughout the empire.


throughout the empire.
This is not party organization in
the Eropean sense, for it consists only
OF leaders and has no popular masses
behind it. 1t is merely a thin crust
OF Turkish intellectuals and their
TOOLS. In the Turkish parlia-
ment there is no opposition, although
1T was the governmental machinery
that alone, in cooperation with the
military authorities, could execute a
measure such as the deportation and
appropriation of the Armenian people.
yet it was evident that the soul of the
enterprise was the Committee of Union
and Progress and it's organs in the
provinces. The committee saw to it
that the proceedings should unroll as
desired and should not be hampered by
occasional STRINGS of pity and hu
mainly. Especially it was the task of
the Young Turkish clubs to organize
the armed gangs in which all available
elements-Kurdish tribes, notorious
brigands and discharged convicts-
were utilized. The Turkish population
must be cleared of the SANDER that it
trespassed against its Armenian neigh
bors, with which it had been living in
peace, as matter Of extra legal self
help
1T is unnecessary to insist on the
fact that the systematically organized
hordes of Kurds and criminal gangs
which were let loose upon the de-
ported did not require much urging to
deal with the unfortunate victims to
their hearts content. However, the
great mass of the butchered victims
shall not be charged at all against the
account Of these legalized lawless ele-
ments, but against that of the govern
ment, the gendarmerie and the Turkish
militia"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
Story Of
The Conspiracy

DR.. Lepsius proceeds to give a de
tailed account of this conspiracy
Here is summary:
The conspiracy in question was
Matched as far back as 1912, and was
the outcome of the rivalry between
the ascendant Young Turk party, the
Committee of Union and Progress
in Turkish briefly called Ittihad, on the
one hand, and the Party of the Liberia
Union, or Ittilaff, on the other. The
head Of the conspiracy was the exilec
Prince Shabaheddin, leader of the
Liberal party. He was supported BY
many prominent Turkish Liberals anc
also Old Turks. The two factions
united in their hatred of Enver anc
Talaat.
One Armenian also was involved
Sabahgulian by name, Egyptian by
citizenship. He used to belong to a
committee Of so-called "Hintchakists,'
revolutionary organization of Arme-
mans prominent chiefly in Russia. This
Sabahgiilian tried to communicate
with the Armenians in Constantinople
in behalf of the conspirators. DR.
Lepsius says he was utterly repudiated
not only by the Dashnakzag gan, but
even by the Hintchakists. The Arme-
mans of Constantinop1e refused to SUD-
port the plotters.
DIR. Lepsius tells of a Hintchakist
conference held at Constanza, Rumania,
IN 1913, where an anti-Turkish rcsolu-
ton was proposed by minority group.
The Turkish Hintchakists repudiated
the conference.
In the mean time Turkish officer.
Midha b Efendi, who had been initiated
in the conspiracy at the outset, was
regularly informing the Turkish gov
eminent of the proceedings. The game
went on for almost two years, until it
was exposed in the Turkish "Daily
Tanln" in series of articles entitled
"A Political Farce"
DR.. Lepsius emphasizes that this en-
tire conspiracy, which was repeatedly
and expressly repudated by the Arme-
mans in Turkey, was disclosed before
the outbreak Of the war.
The last document, delivered by the
stool pigeon Midhat Effendi to the
turkish police. was dated July %,
1914. Besides Sabahgulian, the Egyp-
eian Armenian, who had been turned
Gown by the responsible Armenian cir
cles IN Constantinople, the only Ar
nenaana involved in the plot were the
four Egyptian Hintchakists who pro-
posed At the Constansa conference the
rejected anti-Turkish resolution. These
Four came to Constantinople and were
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
4rnlenia,1s
Feared Gear

Nor was this Ottoman patriotism Of
the Armenians mere wartime oppor-
tunlsm, a reluctant bow before dire
necessity. Its explanation lies deeper
Inc Armenians considered the old re
gime IN Turkey, as personiied by the
deposed Sultan Abdul Hamid. their
worst enemy. So did the Young Turks
Ever since the intrenchment of the
constitutional regime the Armenians
pinned their hopes for a better ma
tlonal future to an UNDERSTANDING
with the Young Turks. 1t must be re-
membered that in the beginning the
Young Turkish regime operated with
nigh sounding watchwords of liberty
and equality They promised democ-
racy on the Western model The Ar
menians believed them. They stood
not alone in their error. Many people
IN Western Europe hailed the success
OF the Young Turks with enthusiasm
as the dawn of general renascencc in
the Near East.
The Armenian political organization
the "Dashnakzagan," originated back
IN the '8os. 1t was then revolution
airy party. So were the Young Turks.
With the achievement of constitutions |
reform the Armenian party of revolu-
uon'sts became a party of evolution
lists. The Young Turks, on the other
hand, became party Of tyrants. Still.
the Dashnakzagnn, in spite Of one base
betrayal after the other, remained
faithful to their allies, chiefly because
they hated the Hamidian party moro.
The Young Turks, on their part, never
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
Death Was Not the Worst Fate
of Armenians; Pretty Women
Underwent First All Sorts
of 1ndignities

imprisoned there before the outbreak
of the war.
This, then, was the conspiracy which.
according to DR.. Rifaat, embraced all
the Armenians in the Turkish Empire
Says DR.. Lepsius:
Had the Turkish government i'm.
mediately ordered the execution of tho
four Egyptian Hintchahists the matter
would have come to an end and nobody
would have conceived the idea to pass
off the plot of the Turkish opposition
for an Armenian rebellion. But. in.
stead, the four Egyptians were kent
in prison for a year and were first
hailed out on June II, 1915. On this
day the four Hintchakists were HANGED
in the square in front of the Ministry
of War, together with seventeen other
Armenians who, the government an
nounced, were also members of tina
Hintchakist committee. In fact. the
seventeen were not involved in tina
plot at all, but the Turkish police had
secured list of those attending the
Constanza conference and few Of
these were arrested. Others, whose
addresses, obtained from the pocket.
books and documents of the former
established them as their friends, were
executed simply to arouse the SEM
blance Of an extensive conspiracy.
g. The publication of the in
terview with DR.. Rifaat proves that
an attempt has been made to empha.
size the execution of the twenty-one
Hintchakists as evidence of compre-
hensive Armenian revolution engi-
neered with English money. Alas, the
German press fell only too readily for
this clumsy trick"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20

to the effect that the Armenian massa-
cres and deportations were in their
character and scope comparable to the
persecution of Jews in the Middle
Ages.
"'The Ottoman Turk is a harmless
and good natured being writes Count
Reventlow in the 'Deutsche Tagesze-
tung.' He is an extremely convenient
object Of exploitation up to the mo-
ment when, seized by despair, he rises
in wrath against his torturers. How
ever deplorable such extra-legal self
help be from the point of view of civili-
cation, it is nevertheless obvious that
/ just the Armenians -. are least
deserving Of sympathy and pity on
the part Of the cultured world
"Of course, the writer is ignorant
of the fact that 80 per cent of the Ar
menian population, and just that por-
ton which was affected by the deporta-
tons in the first place, are peasants,
who presumably we're not engaged in
merciless exploitation Of their neigh
| bors, the Kurd brigands. The
fundamental assumption that in the
| case of the deportation and annihila-
| ton of the Armenian people we have
| to deal with 'extra-legal self-help,' is
so obviously false that it needs no
| refutation.
| "a considerable number of admins
trative officials in the provinces, such
as Djelal Bey, Vail of Aleppo; Maxim
Bey, Vail of Smyrna; Djelal Bey, Vail
Of Erzerum; the Mustesarifs of Mala-
tia. Nabi Bey and Reshid Pacha, and
many Kaimakams District governors)
have objected, with or without success.
to the execution of the measures. The
Turkish population, living everywhere
peacefully side by side with the Ar
menians, has repeatedly protested
against the deportation and annihila-
ton of its fellow citizens and made
representations to the authorities.
I'm a village near Kaisarieh the
turkish peasants, who lived in the
best friendship with their Christian
ne'ghbors, attempted to prevent the de-
portation, and told the Kaimakam that
{ II he insisted on carrying out the or
der they (the Turks) would 70 right
along with the Christians. The Kai-
makam had no choice but to withdraw
the order temporarily. True enough.
the mobs in the cities participated, in
asmuch as the authorities let them, in
the pillage Of Armenian property, but
IN no instance was it case of a spon-
| taneous outbreak Of popular passion,
but simply a welcome opportunity for
theft. 1t was the government itself
that conhscatcd the lands, houses.
| stocks and furniture Of the deported
and auctioned Off everything at ridicu-
ious prices after the departure of the
victims.
What happened was the expropria-
ton, carried out on the largest scale
OF million and half Of citizens who.
through their ability and perseverance,.
contributed more than any other group
to tho Improvement Of the economic
status OF the country.
I'm the reports we hit repeatedly on
the fact that the provincial adminis
trations were interfered with~-assisted
or hampered--.in their measures by the
organs Of camartlla which, although
upcMcial, bore the character Of q high
CIR instance. The organization OF tho
clubs Of the Committee Of Union and
Progresy YVES, In the same manner a.
cree tbs esp ousxs system OF Abdul
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
By Eugene S. Bagger

TNHE compiled by Dr. the
Johannes in
the viayet of comparable
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20

]" HE report compiled by DR..
Johannes Lepsius reveals that
in the vilayet of Van and the
adjacent districts of the villa
yet of Erzerum alone more than 25S
Armenian villages were plundered, de-
stroyed and depopulated. The total of
villages thus treated must exceed 1000
The most strenuous efforts of the
Turkish government to establish the
charge of EARNED rebellion against
the entire Armenian people, by way of
justifying the prosecutions, resulted,
according to DR.. Lepsius, in locating
exactly six cases where organized re-
sistance in arms was offered by Ar
menians. Six out of more than a thou
sand!
DR.. Lepsius shows conclusively that
in these six cases there was no question
Of q rebellion supported from the out
side, by the Russians, for instance.
Armed resistance in these cases was
nothing but spontaneous self-defsnce
in the most primitive sense, organized
IN an emergency. There is no evidence
whatever to shown fact, there is no
possihiliV-that a connection existed
among the six cases.
The most notable of these instances
Is known as the rebellion of Van"
emphasized by the Turkish reports az
terrible revolt against the Ottoman
government and a war of determination
against the local Turkish population.
Some shadow Of plausibility was lent
to this charge by ths fact that the
rebels" were relieved, after a siege
OF thirty days, by the advance column
OF General Nikolayevs Russian army
Says DR.. Lepsius:
ut is important to nail down thu
fact that. according to the testimony
or the American missionaries and the
colncldlng report on the reception of
the Russian forces, the Armenians of
Van had no connection whatever with
the Russians and the Russo-Armenian
volunteers. Neither were they in the
POSITION to enter into communication
with the Russians during the siege.
The so-called Van rebellion was an
act OIL seif-de 80 and an episode in
Tue history o massacrcs--not high
treason. This Is confirmed also by Ger
mans who lived through the siege.
The relief of Van was simply a stage
in the Russian military onerations
against Northern Persia and the Van
province, and not an enterprise for
the benefit Of the Armenians. The two
evsnts--the obedience Of the Van
Armenians and the advance Of the Rus
sisns--have no causal relation"
The second chapter of DR.. Lepsius's
book deals with the distribution of
responsibility for the horrors. It
begins:
From our report it becomes evident
osyone doubt that the deportations were
ordered and executed by the central
government in Lonstantinople. A COM
pfsnsnsive measure like this, affecting
territory of $4,000 square kilo-
metres Armenia, Kurdistan, Asia
Alner, Northern Syria and Mesopo-
'a'nis), Or an area equivalent to Ger
many Austria Hungary and Switzar-
lana taken together, cannot have had
essaal and uncomfortable origins.
THE German press, which, reduced
ny 'aeS Of authentic news To guess.
~"rk, mad TO base It's judgment Of the
events down in Turksy., not on the
x = Of facts. tAt on imasina-
ssSn, published Isurthy ssnasnsAacr.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
asked Only
For Safety

What did these demands consist Of!
DR.. Lepsius answers the question IN
a footnote:
"The reform movement Of the Ar
menians never aimed at anything but
safety for life and property and pro-
lection from the Kurd brigands.'
Pretty reasonable, is it not?
Moreover, DR.. Lepsiu's points out that
these demands" of the Armenians
were based on Clause 81 of the Treaty
of Berlin.
Just because the Armenians demand
ed safety for life and property, ana
protection from the Kurd brigands'
the Turkish government found il nee
cssary to oNterminate q million OF 81
of their number
And Germany?
In the same footnote DR.. Lepsius re-
fers to the efforts of the great powers
to put through at the Sublime Porte
the execution of Clause 81. He adds
Germany also participated in
tiationsAof 1913, and urged the Porte
to accept the programme formulated IN
the note of January &c, 1918"
This, it would seem, was as Tar ~
the German government would go. ~
is hardly likely that Dr.. Lepsius. o.
whose sincerity and thoroughness the
reader may, by this time, have formea
notion, would have made delibera'''
effort to conceal the steps OF his own
government undertaken for the reseu'
of the Armenian people One is IN.
clined to assume, to put it mildly, tn's
the German government did not sxsss.
itself to any particular extent in tn'e I
particular field. -.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
Truth Hitched
To Lie

On June 4, 1915, the Turkish govern
ment, according to Dr.. Lepsius, issued
the following statement:
The reports that murders or even
massacrcs of Armcnians have taken
place in Turkey are absolutely false.
(Such reports were transmitted by the
Havas Agency on May 24) The Arme-
mans Of Erzerum, Terdian, Egin, Sas-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20

people, an act that it ought to have
punished"
And now enters upon the scene DR..
Rifaat, the young Egyptian leader,
member of the Committee of Union and
Progress. The Copenhagen daily OK
trabladet" published on October IA,
1916, an interview with him, which was
reprinted throughout the German
press.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
Arnsenians Sa,C
Farming

The execution of the twenty~one
Hintchakists, says DR.. Lepsius, was
received by the Armenian population
of Constantinople as the foreboding of
long list of horrors to come Yet
they had previously received what may
be called mild intimation.
On April 25, 1915, the Constantinople
police raided all Armenian clubs, Offices
and gathering places in the capital, as
we'll as the homes of the most promi-
nent Armenians. Two hundred and
thirty-fve Armenian intellectuals, of
all walks of life, were arrested. In the
following days 600 intellectuals were
arrested and imprisoned. On what
charge, for what reason, nobody knew.
The police, says DR.. Lepsius, searched
frantically for evidence to justify ar
rests. "But it did not unearth thing
The result of all the search was nil"
Most of the prisoners were deported.
On May IL one oil the leaders Of
Dashnakzagan, Wartkes, the member
for Erzerum, who for some reason or
other escaped arrest, called on Talaat
Bey to ask him for explanations. Ia
laat Bey," Lepsius says, twas unable to
refer to any revolutionary plans of the
Dashnakzagan as justifying the de-
portations." But Talaat did something
else.
Said Talaat to Wartkes: In the
days Of our weakness CATER the re-
capture of Adrianople in the Balkan
War; you fell on our throats and raised
the question of Armenian reforms.
Therefore we are now going 10 take ad-
vantage of our present favorable sit
uation. We are going to disperse your
people in such manner and to such
an extent that it will knock the reform
demands out of your heads for fifty
years to come
"Wartkes said: In other words, you
are going to proceed with the work Of
Abdul Hamid?'
"Talaat replied: Yes"
These same reform demands" Of the
Armenians had been utilized by Abdul
Hamid as a pretext for prosecutions.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1919-09-07
THREE AUTOMOBILES WITH
LIQUOR TAKEN BY COUNTY

Three automobiles loaded with
whisky were seized Thursday aud
Friday I'm Washington county 10y fed
cral officers and tho drivers, W. J,
Crnbtrec. T.. T., llamptob Tom
Howard and G NJ Bailey placed "a
Jail at Harucwillo 10 await prosccn-
tipn before J II. wilkins United
states commissioner uf thla city next
week
n. u Lowrcy. deputy United states
marshal Of Mt'lcaN,lIy. with county
officers. intercepted Crahtrco and
Hampton Thursday night ana in ld.
ditiuu 10 the arrest ot the men and
seizure ~ the ears runflscatrd Is
cases of whisky Howard oud Bailey,
captured hy the same officers FRI.
day night. had Iu their possession
seven cases of whiHs' Information
charging introduction uf Liquor have
been filed against the dcfondnuls.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1919-09-07
MAN DECLARES NIGHT NOT
GUILTY OF H0L0UP CHARGE

Charles \irhI arrested 'Ha'.vr,l
a. one uC the TWO youths Who robbed
T.. Saxon Of West rulu SHl $40 n
money ON August 2l wa. released
,egtrrdn, ON order ur Iu~,rH s. q.
NuNey saxon appeared in court
aud declared that NiHu. was NOT The
mon who robbed him
New-York tribune., 1919-03-23
Educational York
In Handling Money

At the Brooklyn Central Association.
where $264,5O0 was raised in the third
Liberty loan, they are conducting a
series Of practical talks on economic
topics. The buyer from the clothing
section of department store spoke
on "How and When to Buy Clothes:
real estate man, "Why Own Your
Own Home 2" banker, why Save 2"
an employer, How Can Land the Job
l Want?" and an insurance man, "Why
Protect Loved Ones With Insurance ?"
a physical director, "The Thrift Of
Physical Fitness; college president.
why Train the Mind?" a physician.
What Would You Do if the Doctor
Ordered Trip for Your Loved Ones p"
a dietician, "How to Live on Three
Meals Day; iinancier, "How to
invest Money Wisely; business man,
s"How to Get Ahead in Business" and
an economist, "How to Operate Money
Matters on Budget Basis" These
talks have also been carried to men
IN industry through noon shop talks.
They have definitely helped men to
improve their methods of handling
their financial affairs.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-23

would be inconsistent to do otherwise;
hence there is no probability that the
government here will recedc from the
application of Article 81 to future
petroleum developments. But doubt
if it was ever seriously intended to
confiscate the existing and developed
Oil fields. That feature of Article 27
was political.
The new constitution was signed and
promulgated at Queretaro de Arteaga,
January 81, 1917. 1t contains many
radical features Of which certain Of
the First Chiefs wisest advisers dis
approved, but which they were obliged
to accept. General Carranza's power
was not established on the firm basis
now achieved, and the oil interests, al
though subject to the First Chiefs
customs authorities in Tampico, had
set up a state within a state in the
oil jungle, commanded by General"
Manuel Pclaez and General" Enriquez,
who pretended to hold subordinate au-
thority from Villa, and who were
therefore, and are, rebels in the eyes
Of the then First Chief of the Consti-
tutionalists, now President of the
United States of Mexico.
The oil interests felt that it was
necessary to maintain the security of
their establishments; that Mexico's
attitude toward the United States and
the Allies was doubtful; that they had
no concern with Mexican politics; that
their business was to produce and ship
oil, and if it was necessary to pay
two conflicting sets of officials in order
TO DO business they were still obliged
to do business