davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1919-05-16

pledge allegiance to My Flag
and to the Republic for which it
stands. One Nation, indivisible;
with liberty and justice for all.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1919-05-16
EX TRA TEST
for Perfect Fabric

Every yard of fabric used in
the construction of Racine
Tires is carefully lens-exam-
ined against flaw in warp or
weave. An expert actually
counts the threads through q
magnifying glass.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03

I {; More than q million OF Uncle Sans
ssS5syss are "oJyer ] there. locking after
,tthns common good of the world. And
stneJ. VIII Ahase Ito stay. upon the job
|$ihkn it'is doness Until things are right
ssdSagain ;;;untii order is brought out
81 While they. are! overseas they must
pct, BET sa1sni care !, of adequately; they
must 1ihsi clothed and fed and lodged
iE.e'mIs e. bly, Uncle Sam estimates
EbatiSS eoslsa s423:27ea year to equip
sid aiafain q soldier il, Europe.
as 1 ! fblbf: the / proceeds from the com
Us sEt6sy lib erty Loan will be de-
SISs5 !:ssq caring for. the ":.doughboys."
phi't b! !fG. will go into the rehabilita-
si5a IsiHd ffori quitting. the injured sol.
0grs 5GtE upon their feet. Part Of
it viii 20 for insurance claims. The
3ssssi 81 Il will 30 to meet the hundred
a.anys ems slpiher demands for this great
assG OF World emergencies since the
ssaasasa Sih5ation..
!. = ; Sis aioiner's son Of them did his
'yy;ssss'b %:a.{ psd, insure liberty and justice
:.iSH 81 3EAs'Giid at large and restore
f.Gla: Ssln 70 his rightful position IN
is!ye a., 9.+44:s.ioh se the nations Of
tSectt., ~ :.'.i Gf ,s.f' - t
I" Ss{l'@g .ild liieir duty fully, these boys
8,$ Sis.G,.. ), o.. They fought to the end.
.:;::::rotsTh 1l,e and food. They never
5ti65G .s?"..t fo;tins up.
!. 1is' =; nc time for Americans TO
.1chi-.l.: ~ Sitting ur. The. nation must
.sE,,,GsS bg lis guns, by its records; by
iIar ) Sim ahd must make the next
80 a:.ash5r Dig success.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
.Egg.sS5H the JOB

s no victory Liberty
80 l1 g5ysrlIlent war loan
lsEsiy % inc savings OF
u. INC nation.
f-: l:c SUCCESS, re must save
.; 80 1-act!ae anew tho great
z.a...s o. Jus val, thrift and economy
- :.t-sz .@1a 7csG OF respect for our.
81 q iia.ii2n, every family will
at7r affected. IL the com.
.-.a. .1.a. 20 70. 2u7ly subscribed. Uncle
-aa e-Cac4uer il compelled to
yA5y - laeintain the army OIL
$780, ..gser 4 IenaDili.ate the wound
=. a-.t: 12m3 The Tictor5 and TO
.i...j On. no r-1sr2r2 % reconstruc'
- - :. L icing Borrowed from
r rs q? tbs country, and Uncle
a - ..5;'0G ;-icri-tarm certificates
&.i7asss il anticipation OF the
CO.'S r. E.i5 dis Lcan and oI me led,
a-g a1,as :a%ec. Il the banks were
Ok. - -. Eeiz 1acIc, Inei- resources
sr- > ono. ana as tney could make
gs .--., cell. operations Fould be
.-us * ans tu-iCsS slasnaie.
rr.i> ii2 viii We linlsn our
S.'-a.E % paying the wax bills. as
5ae .r.a.5e.s, heroes finished theirs OF
9ut y ii Iiun? They we're moi
Zen ote,2 called or te
RI .as pItinc sa2rilice. Will we
b .~s,.4a. ,Tnen GneTo IS ali TO gain
3"asas = io5c?
i ..jt ring nov Is al It viii cost
r T. & inG VII! mean d stronger
r-y5 =. 10 ,n!uTe. The Victory LIB
Ill, Lso- vi 9oon De offered. Will!
LILY. 60 30 your part?
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
cHALoNER GETS PROTECTION
court Fo-tids Il naEsvrffcrsce White H
is at Naw York libel Tr!al

Court FosEids IinttttlT+ferecc While H
is at New York Libel Tr'al
New York, April 3.-John Arm
strong ChalcnGr, the Millionaire,
whsoc escape from ar asylum a
White Plains, New York, many
years ago was followed by long
lega! fight to gain possession Of his
fortune in this state, has been grant
ed a writ Of protection by Federal
Judge Hand, SO that he may come to
this city from his home at Roanoke
Rapids, n. c., to appear IN his SUE
for Mel against newspaper.
The writ restra!ns officials OF the
supreme court, by which Caaloner
was adjudged insane in 1897, the
asylum authorities, Chalcner's
brother, Lewis Stuyvesant, Chan!er,
former lieutenant governor Of New
York, and others from interfering
with rs movements during the prog
ress Of the trial.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
LIEUT.. FITZSIMONS, L. S. \.
WEBS MRS. VANDERBILT

Newport, r. l., April 3.-Alrs. Elsie
French Vanderbilt was married today
at Harbour View, her residence here,
to Lieut.. Paul Fitzsimmons, u. 5.
n, son Of the late Medical Director
Paul Fitzsmmcns, u. S. ~, and Mrs.
F;tZsimmcns, of Washington, D. c.
Lieut.. FitZsimmoAs was graduated
from Annapolis in 1911.
Mrs. Vanderbilt obtained a divorce
some years ago from Alfred G. Van
derbilt. who lost his life in the sink
ing CT the Lusitanla.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
VISIT. DEVASTATED AREA
French Government Asks al Peace
Delegates TO See Wars Ruin


Paris, April 3.-The French govern
merit has invited all delegates to the
Peace. Conference 10 visit the devas-
tated regions Of Northrn France or
Sunday. 1t is planned to take the
delegates to the former battle zone
on a. train which will leave Paris Sa-.
urday night, going to Lens. Arras ard
other cities in The coal and manu-
featuring certers which suffered from
the war.
Members of the American delega-
ton will go, but i: is as yet unknown
whather President Wilson will be ore
of the party.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
IHRIFTOl,RAMS

Ga &alp3 tnos0 who help them
--f,.,-..-y5uy. Var Savings Stamps.
9r1r5 orc penny less than thy
n77l. r25n-. - Buy War SaTinga
r>g.Nap=. :.
T.5o!: before. o. you'll ind yourself
t7-r;9 - Buy Ear Savings Stamps.
e ~ ~ould BE- wealthy. think O.
as~;zc 50 ael % ssitinS.-Rry VA
c'e.i4E5 S:azaps.
rsma1nb5r JhaE Tionsy is Of the
p.cIiGc, generating netura.-Ruy Wa1
ec-;rgc Stamps.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03

The annual meeting Of the stock
holders Of the Lincoln Land and In
proyement Company, Ct Washing -on,
D. C., Incorporated. for The election
Of directors and Offers, ana S,!-2
other business as may properly cone
before the maoting, VIII be held 81
Wednesday, April 9. 1919, at its ot!ice
No, III South Fairfax Street, Alex
audria, Va, Polls open from 200 to
800 p. m.
JOHN Q. HARMON, IL,
19-10t. osIieI"t1'
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
DEPARTMENT. OF THE INTERIOR,
SAINT ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL,

Washington, D. c. HELP WANT
ED, Male and Female Place o.
Endowment Saint EliZabethS
Hospital, Washington, D. c. This is
q Government Institution establish
ed for the treatment of soldiers,
sailors. and marines suffering from
mental diseases incurred in the
service Of their country. At the
present time this Hospital is car
ing for approximately $500 patients
and is performing very important
service in the restoration OF the
Nations disabled fighting forces.
Nature and Advantages OF Employ
rent OTered-Thece are a large
number of vacancies il the Ward or
Nursing Service Of the Hospital.
Previous experience is not neces-
sary. All applicants accepted tor
this service arc given the opportun-
ity of enrolling in the Training
School for Nurses maintained by
the Hospital. This school presents
a two years course in connection
with the regular duties Of the en-
p1ovee and is free Of charge to
those desiring to enroll. Successful!
eomnletion Of the course entities
the student to a diploma. Salaries
and Pcrquisitcs-AIl employees OF
this service are furnished free OF
charge their board, lodging, laundry
and in case Of sickness medical at
tent;or for a reasonable period. The
salaries range from $3.50 to $82.-
so per month, the l9wer salary adj
iustments being based on previous
experiences and the higher position;
being filed by promotion from the
ranks of those enrolled in the Train
ing School. Those whose services
prove satisfactory are promised q
salary increase effective July !
1919. Requirements = Applicant:
must tie il sound physical condi,
ton. should have reached not les.
Shan their si,:aenth birthday, ano
must DC citizens OF she Unite
States. Application form 1875
should be obtained from the Superb
tendent of saint Elizabeths Hosp
tai, Washington, D. c., or the Sec
rotary Of the Fourth Civil servic:
District, Washington, D. c., ant
filed with either Of the above nance
parties at the earlies. possible date
75-5t.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
Try a Gazette Want Ad
Rheumatism

q completely washed out Of the sys-
sem BY the celebrated Shivar Mineral
Water. Positively guaranteed by
money-back offer. Tastes fine; costs ?
rifle. Delivered anywhere by our
Alexandria Agents. T. S. Harper, Inc
Phone taaI.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03

Eaauca tbs hoIae l.l. %-ra2>s.tt 9
lag another dizzy, This ID inc sea<St
IN which moss freG occur, i1s2ti1-
through thiG agency masns A6S0
Lutte PROJECTIONS q: cagaln,
rates.
LAURENCE STABLER
as Prince Street. Alexandria Va.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03

LOsT-Koknsky mutf, lost, between
Camp Humphreys and AleSandr'a
Saturday night. Reward. Phone
Major Baker, 2c4 Camp Humph-
reys.
7o-2t
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
NOTICE

Central Plumbing Shop, plumbing
steam, hot and cold water fitting,
gas fitting SOC King street, End
floor. Bell phone S95. 22-u.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
Resolved.

ina: peace will fild Us back
ing Uncle Sam as strongly as
Cz backed hin il wa.
THAT between noT anu april
ne viii lay every possible stone
of the groundwork Tor the Fifth
Liberty Loan and leave 10 act
undcne which viii tend 70 keep
alive and quicken the cor
-zi3usaaas Of the nation that
earrings and thrift are peace e5-
Gsn.i.,ia,
.CLat ne viii exert our efforts
to sop iranichins il bonds of
lie tiIst four loans and viii
keep our War Savings Stamps.
That We will carry out our
war Savings pledge il that is
unfulflled, and make and keep
new. Savings pledges this year.
That we will work tooth and
naih from now till he last day
/ of the April drive to oversub-
scribe that Liberty Loan.
. That we will finish our job.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03

WANTED-By man and wife two CT
three furnished rooms for light
housekeeping, no children. Al
dress, R. r. D., care CT Gazette
Oaica 1926
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
MADAM ZELLA
EGYPTIAN PIANIST

Without asking question. will read
your life, past, present and 1uIure.
health and speculatlons.
Satisfaction Guaranteed
ALL READINGS CONFIDENTIAL
622 5th Street, n. W., Wash. y. Z.
63-26t.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
ROOMS FOR RENT

For rent furnished, two rooms Tor
light housekeeping. Apply 5l4
North Washington street.
79-2t.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
NOTICE

CcmDanions-Thc regular convoca-
ton of Mt. Vernon r. a. Chapter NO
ii will be held Friday evening, April
18th. at 1880 p. m. Work. +. a.
7o-9t I. W. LATHAM, SecT.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
Hs.H
CALI. :.
No. I
For
: Results
LET THE GAZETTE
Classified Columns
Work for You Day and Night
IF YOU WANT 70 BUY OR SELL ANYTHING

FOR PENT-Two furnished roorls
for light housekeeping, convenient
to the bath. Apply 322 South Pat
rick street.
S0-2t.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
ROOMS WANTED

W!AnyTED-An Apartment or rooms
convenient for light housekeeping.
Phone 23S.
79-3t.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03

FOR RENTING furnished rooms
one double, one single, convenient
to bath. Hot and cold water.
Electric lights. Gentlemen prefer
red. Apply 3O2 North Columbus
Street.
o0-o+
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
WANTED

and Board Wanted Wanted by
:: young men, room and board in
,ti';ctly private home with no
10y roomers or boarders. Will pay
sc price for the right place. Adj
S Box IS, care Of Gazette office.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03

FoUND-March 10, ladies' gold
watch. Finder will prove properly
and pay. expenses. Address J. W.
P. goa Prince street, giving des-
cription.
SOFT. .n
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03

WAlNTED-Two or three rooms 1ori
light housekeeping, furnished OF
unfurnished. A. l.. Mahoney, Del
Ray, Va. Phone 776W72. !.
79-3t.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03
RAILROAD SCHEDULES

Arrival and Departure 81 f pqsseassf scheGuIs
Ieurss published as information aLu Tot
guaranteed.
SOUTHERN RAILROAD
eastern Standard -imel
''"'"' View York-at"maA;s
3:27 n.n. Via Rristoii ......-:l' All
washington Da"Tisie
1851 a.ni....... ti.ocaD - D." '-''
New Torn-.ScH OIIvaiS
c:i. Via hiianial 30 p..h.
500 am. wash n-Harrisanhn;=.. J:iS i'.'-.
Neutrality-suspicious. -,
OCT a.m,....... lI0achg%j .......--'-" .''-..
Washington. Memphis
o."- Via Eristclj Zoo -
Eas!i;n.tOn- birmingham
3.nn u m via Atlanta ...... l-:-.' Pm.
al. i,m NaSli'ton- IlarriS"i'nri: Ill., a.....i
NusEia.ton-L harlotse IL
40 y r,. Uoraj :GS En-:
f."o :. M. Waslingtpn Warr"mtnE. t:':t am
1:l7 pm-N f;AnsGs!n i nSi1; 80 '''.'
1O.oo n. rn.. N1ia HrisroD ...... 7:;:i am.
i0:i7 pn, New York Arana...... G:s3 a.:.:.
New Yurk-%rw Orleans
II .ooum Win AtlantaI ...... DIS al.
WASHINGTON SOUTHERN RAILROAD.
soutb &a:;h.
''' Scw York -IacssoaTiiie ..,..
3;35 a,u.. i. c. IL .....I:2c ?.::i.
'''' washington Richmond
80 n ru...., l.OcalD ........ i...s' .'.--..
Now York-Atlantn-Jacks'a .illr
g.io atu q. \. H. .......lJ:-0 -.
Observation-Disclosures
W-asll:uctun-EicI!3o"d
11.l1 rn.. Express S:UJ DE-.
New IcriTampa- kc!; wet
n:IT um..... "a. {. j.. ....-.. eco ..;-..
WaSlIin-tna -Tichm0aa
5.1-,m fIocaD 49,. SGT pm tS)
Washing tom Columbia Memphis
GIT Is. \. IL $780,. TO, Pm.
New York-St IctcrshGrG-faln Teach
S.O7 pin.. Is. \. l.. MI, am.
9:iT pm. Wash. 81. Pct burg TAMPA 3:',o pm
Richmond Washington tcxprcssl..... Us PM
Eichmond- Washington (loca!j ...... cas- y.E:.f
fDaiiy except Sunday.
Sunday o:iy. ,
Ticket OiIicc. Crson STATEN.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1919-04-03

Arrival and Departure Of Passenger Trans
AlcxarGr;a. Virginia. The following scgc"uie
figures published as information a.'u ho'
guaranteed.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

Folkestone. The French and British
armies thus came to grips with the Ger
mans in Northern France, and could not
afford to let go in order to carry the
war elsewhere. They were tied down to
the Western front, not alone because it
was the front nearest their bases, but
because it was the front covering Paris
and London.
Many Allied critics have written about
the controversy between the "Western-
ers" and the Fasteners" as if it in
volved a choice between two spheres Of
operation which were equally open. But
complete freedom Of action was denied
both to the British and the French-to
the French, of course, much more than to
the British. A French generalissimo
would have felt morally compelled-so
long as no direct connection with Russia
could be established-to confne his Of
fensives to the French front. That was
the inevitable result of the German oc-
cupation of Belgium and Northern
France
The Allied local offensives in the West
were really form of defensive Ger
many could turn East or West at will,
because the offensive was always hers
in the broad sense. French and Brit
ish strategy, whatever form it took, had
to be conditioned on protecting Paris
and the Channel ports
The unforeseen deve1onmentc of tho
war put all priori Entente strategy out
of joint. France and Russia had made
plans as early as 1892 to meet an attack
by the Triple Alliance At that time
Russia was rated much higher as a mill
tary power than the facts justified. She
had defeated Turkey completely in 1877
'7S. She still retained much of the mill
tary reputation she had built up in the
Napoleonic wars. The war with Japan
had not yet disclosed her decadence. 1t
was natural, therefore, that the French
should have counted in 1892 on being able
to make Roadway, with Russia as an ally,
against Germany, ustria-Hungary and
Italy.
According to the secret military agree
ments of 1892 (made public last Septem-
Der, after the Germans had obtained
copies of them from the archives at Pet
rograd), France and Russia expected to
be able to crush Germany, while con-
tanning the Austro- Hungarian and Italian
armies.
These calculations were entirely falla-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

cious. The French and Russian stafYs
estimated that Germany would be able
to put into the field at the outset 1861
900 men and 1864 field guns. Austria
Hungary was expected to mobilize on
the Russian front 100000 men, with
1,776 guns. Italy was counted on to
muster on the Italian side of the Alps
100000 men and 1902 guns. Says the
report of General de Miribel, Of the
French General Staff, which was trans
mitted to Petrograd along with the mill
tary protocols: "The forces of the Triple
Alliance in the first line therefore would
be 1877 infantry divisions, with three di-
visions of cavalry, nineteen divisions of
independent cavalry and 6,432 field guns,
or a total Of 2,810,0O0 men,"
France intended to employ in the first
line, after providing for the defence of
Algiers and Tunis and of her coasts, rs
divisions of infantry, seven divisions of
Independent cavalry and 1910 field guns, a
total Of 100000 men. Russia, after safe
guarding her Turkish frontiers, was to
supply &C infantry divisions 20 divisions
of cavalry, 900 Cossacks and 1920
guns. The Franco Russian forces were
to total 3,150000 men and 7,160 guns
showing a slight Entente superiority
both in troops and artillery.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
Out of Touch
With Russia

AS for Russia, there was never a
chance of anything like real military
fellowship with the Allies The Russian
front remained remote and independent.
Some general exchange of views through
the Allied Military Council was posi-
ble But this council had merely ad-
visory functions. The individual gov
ernments and army commands were not
bound to follow it's suggestions. The
first Russian offensive into East Prussia
was timed so as to relieve German
pressure on France just before the
First Battle of the Marine. Brusioff's
great Volhynian and Galician offensive
of 1916 forced the Austro- Hungarians to
suspend their first attack on Italy, down
the valley of the Adige. But coGrdina-
ton Of this sort was rare. The Allied
concentric front was too vast, and the
Allied strategic clearing house at Yer
sailles was too limited in scope and au-
thority to enforce any genuine unity of
military policy.
But even if the Entente powers had
more completely pooled their strength
and unified their leadership, they would
still have had difficulty in working out
a formidable concerted offensive. They
lacked the ability to impose their
strategy on Germany. The initial Ger
man successes in Belgium and France
had pinned the French down to the de-
fensive.
The French departments which the
German armies had overrun were the
chief industrial section of France. From
September, 1914, to September 1918,
the Germans were always within sixty
miles of Paris. Most of the time thew
were even closer than that Paris is
the heart of France. 1t was the para
mount aim of the French to defend their
capital and to dislodge the invaders
from French soil. Every other object
was secondary.
In Flanders the Germans threatened
the Channel ports, which were almost as
important to the British as Dover and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

~ ERMANY never achieved clarity
in her strategy, although her
~ true military policy was obvi-
u, e
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09
Lack of Unity of Command Vetoed
Any Real Coordination of
Military Effort
By William l.. Mcpherson
Copyright, 1919, NeaO York Tribune Inc.

talent, was logically entitled to leader
ship. But Great Britain had responded
to Frances appeal for help. She was
preparing to raise armies equal in size
to those of France. She was conducting
campaigns Of her own in Palestine and
Mesopotamia. She furnished the great
bulk Of the forces for the Gallipoli ex-
petition. She was loath to surrender
control Of her own armies 49, even of
those actually on French soil And
France was never in a position to ask
her to do so. Only the urgency Of the
United States and the panic in Britain
following the defeat of the British Fifth
Army before st. Quentin, in March,
1918, forced the tardy nomination Of
Foch as the Allied generalissimo.
Italy entered the war in pursuance Of
her own national ends. She wanted to
secure these-to recover Trieste and the
Trentino and to establish herself on the
eastern coast Of the Adriatic She had
her own strategical plans, and the other
Entente powers could not expect to in
terfere with them. She found the Aus
tro-Hungarian defence Of the Isonzo un-
expectedly obstinate. She asked for
help in pushing her campaign for
Trieste and Laibach. But France and
Great Britain preferred to use their
troops elsewhere. After Caporetto the
Italians called for aid in defending
Venice. The French and British then
sent some divisions south. BY that time
Allied unity of command was approach
ing realization.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-09

captured the fortress Of Przemysl with
it's garrison Of 100000 men, They
fought their way across the Carpa-
thians. In the first nine months of the
war they buoyed up the hopes of the
Entente, and they might have continued
to be factor Of the greatest impor-
lance if France and Great Britain had
been able to munition them, steady them
or direct their military energies, as Ger
many did with her weaker associates.
But Russian isolation was always a
fatal obstacle to the accomplishment of
the preconcerted ends of Entente
strategy.
France, too, was tragically unable to
live up to her st%ategical conceptions.
She had greatly underestimate German
preparedness. Instead of invading Ger
many, she was forced to four years
defence of her own territory. At the
First Marine it was not a question Of her
making an end of the German army"
but Of herself escaping being made an
end of.
Joffre did launch French offensive
in August, 1914, as stopper to the Ger
man invasion of Belgium 1t shovel his
fine spirit of confidence in the armies
under his command. But it had little
else to recommend it. The dash into
Alsace the advance across the Seille
toward Metz and the movement east of
the Meuse into the Ardennes were
strategical errors. They were based on
a mscalculation of German strength.
Joffre's idea, apparently, was that the
Eruption of the German right wing
through Belgium could be halted by
French pressure on the armies constitute
ing the German right wing
1t could have been il the French ar
mics had been considerably superior to
the German in numbers. But even add
ing the British contingent the French
had no superiority. General Won Bern
hardi had pointed out in his book, Glow
Germany Makes War;" a companion
piece to Germany and the Next War"
that if the Germans elected to invade
France through Belgium, they could we'll
afford to allow the French armies on the
Lorraine and Alsace front to make some
progress toward the Rhine. This prog
ress would throw them further to the
east and facilitate the success of an en-
velopment of the French left close to
Paris, such as Won Kluck attempted.
Joffre made the experiment. however,
1t failed completely. And from that
time on until the armistce was signed