davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

Citizens Page:
What We Said a
Year Ago
The law of New York State permits
the electrocution of child seven wears
old!
When a child commits crime for
which the penalty for an adult is less
than life imprisonment or death he
does not suffer the full penalty of the
law. This provision is made in the
Juvenile Delinquency Act of 1909,
which reads as follows:
"A child of more than seven and less
than sixteen years of age who shall
commit any act or omissions which if
committed by an adult, would be
crime not punishable by death or life
imprisonment, shall not be deemed
guilty of any crime, but of juvenile de-
llnquency only"
But if the child has killed some one,
and there is proof that he has suffi-
Gent capacity to understand the act or
neglect charged against him and to
know its wrongfulness" other
words, if his mother has taught him
the Ten Commandments and told him
1t is wrong to kill-he may pay the
full penalty even if he is only seven
years old. And the penalty for muir
der in this state is death.
-
But should child be electrocuted,
whatever he has done?
1t is said that often three-fourths of
the inmates of the lighthouse at Sing
Sing are boys under twenty-one.
II children go wrong this way,
where does the fault lie? Is it original
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
Many People Had
Never Known 1t

Then the letters began to come in, and
we learned how profound was the igno-
rance of the general public of the law.
1t was necessary to prove over and over
again that what we had said was true
that the law does permit the electrocu-
ton Of young child. And when we had
proven it the response varied all the
way from that of the man who accused
us of wanting to put gun in the hands
Of every half-grown boy and tell him to
kill somebody with it"; to those who be-
lieved no prosecutor, judge or jury ever
would enforce this law, in the face Of
the facts which prove they do; and
those who viewed the situation with hor-
ror and have since been dcvotng time
and energy to it's remedy.
Chief among the latter was Paul
Chapmans own lawyer, Matthew w.
Wood, whose interest was first aroused
in the failure of the state to protect it's
children when he was appointed counsel
for the penniless boy. Incidentally. it
should be said that Mr.. Wood has never
received even the small fee usually paid
in such cases, and has not hesitated to
spend money as we'll as time and effort
in behalf of this boy and others similarly
situated.
In their interest Mr.. Wood has draft
ca Dill pulposlng to abolish the death
penalty for minors by legislative action
in this state
death Penalty
lndefensible''
Mr.. Woods comments are of snoc;ol
interest:
II regard the retention of the death
penalty for minors on the statute books
or our state as indefensible from any
point of view 1t is inconsistent. i]]oc-
zeal, unconscionable and wasteful of the
most valuable economic resource that we
possess-human life.
The civil law of our state is that
persons under twenty-one years of age
are Infants land as such the protecting
arm of the law is thrown over and
around them at all times. No infant can
make any contract, which the law will
recognize and enforce, except for the
bare necessaries of life.
"Any person contracting with an in
FAINT does so at his peril, as the infant
may affirm or disavow such an agree
ment upon attaining his majority.
mo infant can come into the civil
courts or be brought there as defend
ant until guardian is appointed by the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
Willing to Do the
Dirty" Work

Negro girls will do what you would
call dirty work." continued Mrs.
Haynes. Il talked with one girl who
had job washing taxis That is not
particularly nice work. She actually
took pride in it and seemed to enjoy it
because she said, 1T is my work I
visited broom factory where condi
tons were poor, the place was dirty and
poorly lighted, and the work was heavy.
Negro girls were employed. White girls
had refused to work there.
Negro women lack training and orig
inality in their work, but they have one
advantage over white women as class.
They have the habit of work. You
know that there are few negro women
IN the world who do not do their share,
and sometimes more, in the support of
their families. The little girls learn to
work and all of them expect to work.
Getting out of domestic service into
industry has brought to them an appre-
citation of what they could earn if they
had chance.
They need more education and train
ing than any other class of workers in
the United States. They need some one
to explain what is going on and how
they should take part in industry. They
have uncomplainingly met an emergency
IN the war and surely now this country
VIII have q sense of duty to them and
nelp them procure> the training which
they need"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
"Sui juris'' VS..
"Capax doll" I!

Two bills, by Assemblyman Mary M.
Lilly, on this subject have been bitterly
attacked by the Bar Association of New
York City and other organizations.
These proposed laws were inspired by
the case of Paul Chapman One amends
the penal law by prescribing that when
minor is found guilty of murder in
the first degree the punishment shall be
imprisonment for life. The other would
extend the provisions of the childrens
courts to all under eighteen years of age,
and by specific language raises the age
from sixteen to eighteen years.
With respect to the latter the Bar AS
ISOLATION observes that "this artificial
extension of childhood to cover the years
when normal adolescent is mentally
capable Of pursuing high school course
is harmful in it's tcndcncies"; that it
leads to the stimulation Of spirit of
irresponsibility. And, says the Bar AS
ISOLATION:
AT common law child was pre-
sumed to be capar doll after fourteen"
Which caused Mrs. Lilly to fling back:
"And a child is not sau ju,.is until it
is eighteen. Until that age the child
may not make a contract that is binding
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

considered that we had committed more
serious offence than did he. We have de-
clared that children under sixteen years
who commit what would otherwise be
crimes, excepting murder, shall be guilty
only Of Juvenile delinquency.
"Why not extend this humane measure
and say that any minor already in
capable of making any contract which
may affect his property is also inca
pable of committing any crime which
may affect his life?'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

ing, according to Mrs. Irwin. Thew
stood the routine and heavy work better
than white girls who attempted it, But,
she added, in these places attention was
given to training the workers.
Throughout her conversation on the
needs and problems of negro girls, Mrs.
Irwin had the manner of a person Who'll
ly detached. She has the charm of not
appearing to possess consciousness of
her race. Her talk of negro working
women is as dispassionate as it would
be if she were speaking, instead, of
white women. The listener loses face
consciousness himself and can feel no
prejudice or pity.
Both these negro women agents Of
Miss Van Kleeck's service are immacu-
late in their dress and gentle of manner.
Mrs. Irwin is small, of light complexion
and wears simple brown clothes. She is
fond of outdoor exercise and uses a
camera in her excursions.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23

During the war, although they may
have failed in some respects, the negro
girls outdid white girls in their willing
ness to take up hard and heavy work,
according to Mrs. Haynes.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-23
Both Sexes Work
Outside the Home

Mrs. Haynes is of medium height and
of slightly darker complexion than Mrs.
Irwin. Her speaking voice is beautiful
ly modulated, and her diction is per-
feet. Although it has nothing to do
with her present work, she majored in
Latin at college. Her travel and her
study of the problems of negro women
have been more extensive than those of
Mrs. Irwin. Before she came to Wash
ington she worked with the Council of
National Defence in Nashville. Her
knowledge of the place of negroes in
American industry impresses one as a
comprehensive knowledge.
mo one knows how the war will af-
feet negro women," said Mrs. Haynes.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25

Just what will happen next to sports clothes is fascinating subject for speculation. The new weaves in silk have intrigued them into beautiful ex- trayagances, and other unusual fabrics have lent them originality. All sorts of materials, from leather to cricket flannel, with company of sturdy woolens forming their main depend ence, invite designers to become inde- pendent. Cleverness Is at premium, nothing is considered cratic and there are sports clothes and sports clothes i; some of them for actual sports wear and some of them merely versions of sport styles.
 For actual sports wear, coats and skirts of wool, or heavy cotton, are plain and cut on boyish lines. Skirts wide enough and patch pockets big enough are their sensible outstanding features. The sweater and sweater coat, in greater variety than ever, re- appear, entitled to more service stripes than any other garment. One of the new, short slip-on models oceu- pies the center in the group of three sports costumes pictured here. This is very popular model and Is made
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25

at the front and little fiaring at the sides and back. In this particular suit a deep cape collar replaces the small turnover that is so youthful, worn with a tie of silk, for the young CT girls. But a smaller collar would not admit an inlay of taffeta such as finishes this one. The braid on the sleeves Is put on in rows but not in straight lines and curved inset of taffeta is placed above 1t. The sleeves are especially good.
 Dark blue serge makes the chic suit with bloused coat, at the right of the picture. Narrow braid in two rows finishes the collar, the sleeves. and the skirt of the blouse. Silk cord and round buttons account for the fas- tening in the best way and form fin- ish for the close-fitting sleeves. The collar In this suit Is the style best liked for girls.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25

in many gay and brilliant colors.
 At the left of the picture yefy handsome suit reveals a plaited skirt of silk in which plain satin stripe and crepe stripe alternate, the satin stripe In white and the other in light green. The jacket, of white taffeta, has quilted pattern on the collar and cuffs, and forming a border at the bot tom, having the stitching done In green silk thread. Stitching covers the mar row belt and defines the pocket, prov ing a very original and beautiful em- bellishment.
 Roshanara crepe makes the unusual dress at the right of the picture. It has straight panel at the back but achieves the effect of loose cut-away coat at the front, with faring sleeves that are split up the back. Crepe georgette Is used in facings that ex- tend beyond the edges of the sleeves and coat drapery. It took audacity to add sash of the same material as the dress, to this design, but it Is hero and vindicates It's presence by finish ing perfectly a smart and comfortable sports dress.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
W. B, MITCHELL, FORMER BANK ER OF MEXICO TEsTlFlEs BE
 FORE HOUSE COMMITTEE.
BLAMEs BORDER CROSSING
Witness Says Mexicans Have Con tempt For U. S. Because of Troop Withdrawals After
 Twice Crossing Border.

Washington William B. Mitch ell, former manager of the Bank of London in Mexico City, told lne House Rules Committee that the sending of two American military ex- petitions into Mexico and their sub sequent withdrawal is largely re- sponsible for the anti-American feel ing fn the Southern republic. Ths committee is considering a resolu- ton authorizing investigation of the relations between the two countries.
 Do you think that the feeling against Americans was strengthened by the belief that America or its peo- ple were afraid to assert their ights?" asked a member of the com mittee.
 Yes" said the witness. Twice American expeditions entered the country and then withdrew"
 "The Mexicans then had contempt for Americans?"
 "Yes."
 MT. Mitchell said there was a strong anti-American spirit in tho Carranza administration.
 Discussing the mistreatment of Americans in Mexico. the witness said the riff raff" in the Mexican army was largely responsible for de- predations in Mexico, particularly in the Tampico district
 Americans are not being treated with the same consideration as oth- CT foreigners, Mir. Mitchell said add ing that Henry F. Fletcher, the American ambassador. was openly insulted on the streets of Mexico City while en route to attend the in- auguration of President Carranza, while the German ambassador was cheered
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25

It takes considerable discrimination 10 choose suits for girls who are not quite grown up or for those who are grown, but still in their teens. It is not half so simple a matter as it seems, to express youth by varying the cut and finish of garments just enough to take them out of the young woman class and place them in the young girl company. Generally, in suits, this is accomplished by making coats vague as to fit and simple as to line and by following current fashions, as becomes youth, at distance. The two suits presented in the picture are examples of good designing to meet the needs of the miss from fourteen to nineteen, and they are recommend ed for young women who affect youth ful styles, providing their figures are girlish enough to suit these models.
 Jersey cloth, serge, duyetyn or any of the standard suitings will make the smart suit shown at the left of the picture successfully, but the firmer weaves appear to be the best choice for misses suits. This one is of beige colored serge trimmed with rows of narrow silk braid to match and insets of navy blue taffeta. The skirt is mo- ticeably wider than those in vogue for older women and is gathered in at the waistline. Five short bands of braid in rows at each side simulate pockets.
 The coat in this suit hangs from the shoulders in lines that are straight
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
Doctor Wood of Columbia Re- ports Shortage Because
 Armies Needed Them.
HELD UP RESEARCH WORK
Wars Absorption of Scientists Who Entered Service Also Retarded investigations in Disease
 Death Rate Jumps.

New York.-Study of cancer during the war was impeded, not only by talk ing physicians from research work but because of the shortage of mice, which were used in large quantities with the allied armies for the detec- tion of gas and the diagnoses of cer- tain types of disease, according to the report of Dr. Francis Carter Wood, director of the George Crocker special research fund of Columbia university.
 Thousands of mice which had been raised for research work were turned over to the government. The mice breathe very rapidly and are far more sensitive to gases than human beings, so that they were kept in exposed sec tors and observed closely, because their behavior would indicate the com ing of gas long before it could be de- tected by human beings. It was also announced that mice had been sent ont on board every submarine, for the same purpose.
 Mice React to Gas.
 One of the most common trouDieS oh submarines has been from chlorine, due to wet batteries. The mice react to the gas long before 1t is dangerous or even perceptible, to the crew thus enabling them to find the difficulty and repair it before the air becomes so tainted as to be dangerous. In the British army hundreds of canaries were used, as we'll as mice, for the de- tection of gas. In addition to supply ing thousands of mice to the govern ment. the George Crocker special re- search fund raised enough, however, to supply many medical schools ana research laboratories throughout the country.
 The other use of mice in the war was in discriminating between the va rious types of pneumonia prevalent at
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
HAVE NO ONE TO PUT IN JAIL
Mayor of Canton Wants to Know What Use the Prison Is in
 His Town.

Canton, o.-"What good is a jail when there is no one to put in it?"
 This query was sprung by Mayor Poorman, and when he failed to get any answers from other officials he an- nounced he would recommend that the old city jail in the basement of the city hall be abandoned and the space be repaired and converted into office rooms for the city building commis- sion.
 "The jail is of no use now" said Mayor Poorman. Tt has only been used for several years for trunks and slackers and now we have none of these. The new jail is sufficiently large to take care of all prisoners" the may or added.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
SAVE TANK CITY
 IN MACEDONIA

out tens of thousands of American made garments. They sent in doc tors, nurses and medical supplies. They distributed hundreds of thou sands of loaves of bread made of American flour. They established shelters for the homeless women and children. They cared for the hordes of broken and dispirited Greek ar Serbian soldiers who had been re- leased from vile prison camps in Bull garia.
 In their devotion to the task of rescuing the typhus-stricken popula- tfon two of their number lost their lives and three nurses contracted the dread disease.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
Saved After Twelve Years.

Altoona, Pa.-High-priced china ware, rings, pieces of silverware and other articles of value which withstood the flames when department store on one of the most prominent corners in the business district was destroyed by fire 12 years ago are being recov. cred from the ruins during the excava tion work for d new business block. 4 whole unopened barrel of china dishes was recovered, only few on the toI being broken.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
Mexicans Kill Many Americans.

Mexicans Kill Many Americans.
 Washington. Although about 50 American citizens have been killed in Mexico since 1917, not a single arrest or conviction is known to have resulted, Henry P Fletcher. United States ambassador to Mexico, told the House Rules Committee in a hearing on the Gould resolution, which proposes the appointment of a congressional committee to investi- gate relations between the two coun- tries.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
Refuse Wilson's Request.

Washington. = An emphatic nega- tive was returned by the Senate For eign Relations Committee to Presl- dent Wilson's request that it ap- prove provisional appointment of an American representative on the In ternational Preparations Commis- sion without waiting notifications of the peace treaty.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
G.Ar 2zz,=-,.A,
Satin Floor Cushion.

Big floor and divan cushions are COW cred with colored satin. in tone to match the room furnishings, and are ftnished with double ruches of the fab ric. Two colors are used one on one side, the other on the other side of the cushion, and the double ruche shows both colors.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
Germans Returning Machinery.

Brussels.-The work of recovering stolen Belgian machinery from Ger many is proceeding with full swing. Approximately 5000 tons of machIn- cry are being shipped back weekly to the original owners by German in- dustrial firms who have set them up in their own factories.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
Republican Leader Returns.

Washington n-Representative Mann of Illinois. leader of the Republican forces in the House during the last Congress, appeared on the floor of the House for the first time in two months.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
American Officials To omsk.

vladivostok Gen William g. Graves. commander of the American expeditionary forces in Siberia, and Roland B. Morris, American ambas- sador to Japan, left on special train for Omsk
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25

cIemenceau Given Vote of Confidence
 Paris. The Chamber of Depu- ties gave vote of confidence in the cabinet of M. Clemenceau by vote of PIP against 181.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
Makes Minimum Wage sa Per Day.

Washington. By vote of 36S to 47, the House passed the bill provid- ing a minimum wage of $3 for all government employees, except those in the postal service. The wage is inclusive of the wartime bonus of s240 year allowed employees.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
Prince MaximiIian FIees.

Berlin.-Prince Maximilian has fled to Switzerland He was informed that communists were plotting to at tack his residence.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
Much Illicit Liquor Destroyed.

Nashville, Tenn.-Revenue agents destroyed 1,O96 illicit whiskey stills in Alabama and Tennessee during the fiscal year ending June 30.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25
LACK MICE FOR
 STUDY OF CANCER

different times. Different types of the disease are treated differently. but it Is often found impossible to discrim- mate between the different classes of symptoms in men. When mice were inoculated with the germs, however, effects were produced which readily classified the disease.
 Doctor Wood reported that various changes in cancer statistics has re- suited during the war, especially in England, where large classes of the population had been sent to the war, but that careful analysis of the fig ures showed that the changes were mainly due to dislocation of classes of population, not to any remarkable in crease or decrease in the disease it. self.
 Death Rate Jumped.
 As cancer is most prevalent in per sons over the military age, the propor- ton of deaths from this cause natur- ally jumped where the proportion of men of younger ages was reduced III lIllS COuiiJTy, uKcWlSe, tHS ISCOAuS were found to show that cancer was most prevalent in Vermont and least so ill Utah and Montana, but this was explained as being due to the fact that large percentage of the youth of Vermont had migrated and that q larger proportion of the population in the western states was composed of newcomers, generally young men and women.
 Among countries, cancer mortality was greater in Switzerland, and was highest generally where the highest civilization was found. Doctor Wood supposes this to be due, not to any connection between cancer and high state of civilization, but to the fact that cancer is less often diagnosed and reported as the cause of death in countries like Russia.
The Pulaskian., 1919-07-25

A sailor on one Of the battleships now stationed in the Hudson river, New York. initiating a very interested little pupil into the mysteries of a ships bugle calls. In this cool, cozy spot on the deck of one of Uncle Sam's great fighting craft, this little chap plays at "sailor" to his hearts delight, and asks a million childish questions, all of which are promptly and willingly answered by his pal, the "pOh"
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1919-06-19

Sabourin mentions the great hostIh-
ty OF the public to the 0pen-window
treatment. Apparently II is necessary
10 compromise with the patients rela-
lives on this score. There Is. Of course,
no objection TO airing the room whIle
II Is empty. The windows should be
closed when the patient returns, to al
low him 10 undress. and the bed should
be as far az possible from the open
window. with Its foot turned toward
th3 latter. The window should be wide
oren after the patient Ii sbed- Hows
ever, II is advisable 10 establish toiers
ance by raising the window but short
distance the frs. night and Increasing
Il gradually. There are various de-
vices 10 use In cold weather 10 keep
the wind from blowing on the patient,
chief Of which is screen 10 be placed
af the foot Of the bed--Journal Do
Medicine ct de Ch,rurus PssueusA.