davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
w 7HEN the Soviet form of
wv government came into
being with Bolshevism in

Russia it was believed
that this novel conception Of gov
eminent was distinctly Russian in
scope and in social philosophy, but
in time reports filtered through to
the United States that Nikolai Le-
nine, the Bolshevist Premier, had
often attributed the inception of the
Soviet idea to the writings of an
American Socialist, one Daniel De
Leon.
These reports, however, were so
vague that even local radicals and
Socialists gave them little attention
and less credence. But an interview
with Lenine, published in "The New
York World" on February 3, set at
rest any doubts as to the accuracy
Of these reports. The interview
with Lenine was secured by Robert
Minor, an American cartoonist, and
was sold by him to Arno Dosch-
Fleurot, "The Worlds" correspond
ent at Berlin.
The interview was printed in
three instruments. In one Of them,
while they are discussing American
technical achievements for which
Lenine admits a profound admira-
ton, nenine says to Minor:
"America is a great country,
great in technical achievements.
Marvellous developments are posi-
lie there. The American, Daniel
De Leon, first formulated the idea
of a Soviet government, which grew
up on his idea. Future society will
be organized along Soviet lines.
There will be Soviet rather than
geographical boundaries for nations.
Industrial unionism is the basic
thing. That is what we are build
ing"
It is this statement that Attorney
General Charles D. Newton, counsel
to the Lusk committee, probably had
reference to when he said that "tes-
timony given the committee, which
was supported by documentary
proof, indicated that Daniel De
Leon, an American, was the father
of the Soviet form Of government"
and that mo less an authority than
Nikolai Lenine, who, with Leon
Trotzky, directs the affairs of dis
mantled Russia, has stated this fact"
4 South american
Who was Daniel De Leon? What
are his writings? What part did he
play in the radical movement of
America?
Daniel De Leon was born Deem
Der IA, 1852, on the island Of Gu
racao, off the coast of Venezuela;
so he was an American only
in the strictest sense of the word.
He came of an aristocratic Spanish
family. His father, Scion De Leon,
was a physician and wealthy land
owner. AS a child De Leon is said
to have been brought up in keeping
with the traditions and customs of
the South American, feudal aristoc-
racy.
At twelve years of age he was
sent to Europe to round out his
education. He went to the school in
Hildesheim, Germany, and was later
transferred to the University at
Leyden. Spanish was his mother
tongue, but it is said that he be-
came a skilful linguist, speaking
English, French and German with
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13


sian political writer. who
was formerly Bolshevik, but broks
away from the party when it sey.
cred relations with the Social Dem.
ocrats. Sokoloff was an editorial
writer on Gorky's paper until it was
suppressed by the Bolsheviki. Writ.
ing in "The London Times" Mr..
Sokoloff says:
"The Roman Catholic Church haa
two heads, one crowned with the tiar.
and possessed of all the outward signs
of authority, another ensconced in the
reconcile corners of the offices of thu
Society of Jesus, silent. inaccessible
and omnipotent. The first bestowed
blessings and laid bans; the second
pulled the wires and put into action
the formidable machinery of the Church
militant.
"Bolshevism, likewise, has two heads.
If it's spiritual wisdom Ia embodied
in the person of Lenine, the infallibls
and impeccable, its temporal sword -
intrusted to the care of the firm, the
never-wavering NJ. Dzerjinsky Even
as the general of the Society OF Jesus
was the Black Pope of the Roman
Catholic Church, so NJ. Dserjinsky 10
the Black Pope of Bolshevism.
His official title is modest and un-
assuming. He is nothing more than
the Commissary OF the Extraordinary
Commission for graduating profiteer-
ing and counter-revolutionar conspir-
acies, an institution designed to take
the place of the old -fsshioned Police
Department. Under ordinary condi-
tons he would have ended his days as
a second rate official or a modest i'll
tellectual of advanced views. The his
tory of Russia would have nothing 10
tell about him except the mere fact
that he existed. A freak Of fortune has
made him a person under whose scru-
tinizing stare not only common NOR
tails but even the members of the all
powerful Council of the Peoples Conf
missaries vince, fall back and expert
ence uncomfortable forebodings Of
some retribution in store for them.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
Discovered In America Mon Who Lnuented Souiets!

present Socialist party, were dis
satisfied with the tactics employed
In political campaigns. The then
Let's believed in the ballot as a
means of change, and the then
Rights believed that the ballot
was insufficient without industrial
power behind it. The result was
split, and the Left faction formed
the present Socialist party.
De Leon, however. stood with the
Socialist Labor party and soon be-
came its leader. When in 1905 the
Industrial Workers Of the World
was founded, Qe Leon was a lead
ing delegate at the convention and
helped draw up its preamble. At
the fourth convention of the I. w.
w., in 1908, an anarchist element
seized control of the convention and
struck from the preamble the clause
favoring political action.
4 Socialist Editor
He became editor Of the "Weekly
People," the organ Of the Socialist
Labor party, wrote editorials, books,
pamphlets and debated all over the
country on the question Of social
ism. He attended the interna-
tional Socialist conventions in Eu-
rope as the Socialist Labor party
delegate and was the bitter op-
ponent of Morris Hillquit, the rec
ognized leader of the Socialist
party. De Leon died May II, 1914,
and with him the Socialist Labor
party.
For although this party is still in
existence, it has only some $500
members and polled about 10000
votes in the 1915 Presidential cleo
tions.
In a pamphlet, "The Socialist Re-
construction of Society,"" which re-
cords in substance a speech made by
De Leon in 1905 explaining the pre-
amble to the original I. w. w. or
ganization, which broke up in 1908,
De Leon explains the preamble of
the programme of that group in de-
tail, and the group itself.
"The shops" continues De Leon,
"the yards, the mills-in short, the
mechanical establishments of pro-
duction now in the hands of the cap
ltalist class-they are all to be
TAKEN not for the purpose of being
destroyed, but for the purpose of
being held; for the purpose of inn
proving and charging all the good
that is latent in them, and chat cap
italisnl dwarfs-in short, they are
to be taken and held in order to
save them for civilization. 1t is ex-
actly the reverse with the political
power This is to be taken for the
purpose Of abolishing it.
SIT follows herefrom that the goal
Of the political movement of labor is
purely instructive. Suppose that at
some election the class-conscious DO.
litical arm Of labor were to sweep
the field; suppose the sweeping were
done in such a landslide fashion that
the capitalist election officials are
themselves SO completely swept off
their base that they couldn't if they
would count US out; suppose that
from the President down to Con.
gress and the rest of the political
redoubts Of the capitalist politica
robber burg, our candidates were
installed-suppose that, what woulc
there be for them to do? What
should there be for them to do?
Simply to adjourn themselves or
the spot sine die"
De Leon goes on to say that ir
such case the gaining Of control b,
the Socialists would be valueless il
they were not industrially organ
lied.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
Copyright, 1919, Nev York Tribune Inc.

COPYRIGHT N YWk v6wn Inc
German ucLahu
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
Not Too Brilliant

HE did not cut too brilliant a fR-
urc in the ranks of the party Peo-
pie who know him personally ara
rather doubtful of his political gifts
and even 60 so far as to deny him
any considerable amount of theoreti-
cal knowledge. He has spent SO much
of his time in prisons and the mines
of Siberia that he had but few
chances of wandering through the
mazes of the Marxist doctrine to some
practical purpose. However, from
those incidental excursions to the
fields of learning he has obtained three
fundamental truths to be treasured
up in his mind to the end of his days;
first, that there is such q thing 10
class struggle; second, that class
struggle means class war; and third,
that class war means determination.
And as to the methods OF that ex-
termination, he had them from hs
Siberian jailers, who knew to perfec-
ton everything connected with the
subject.
1.-THE general effect Of these methods
was often eclipsed if not totally ex-
tinguished by the deplorabe custom
of bribery, which would be, of course,
utterly out of place in such an in.ti-
tuition as the Extraordinary Commits
sion. nzerjinsky is free from that
weakness. He is an honest jailer. He
can never be bribed, or assuaged, or
talked round, or aduiated into leni-
ence. Torquemada himself might have
envied those stern eyes, burning with
fanatical hatred, those thin, ascetic,
bloodless lips, that pale brow, thos,
resourceful brains, enhancing the
scourge of cruelty by the scourge Of
honesty. If the temple Of universal
happiness is to be cemented by blood
and erected on an enormous pyramid
Of mutilated corpses, then, indeed,
Dzerjinsky is the only man to be en-
trusted with laying out its foundation.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
Black Pope
Among Reds
of Russia

4 N extraordinary story of tbs
IA Bolshevik ''Black Pope" is
( "A told by A. Sokoloff, a Rus
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-21

tomorrow at midnight Ohicial an
Inducements to this effect were made
to-day both by the United States Steel
Corporation and by officials of indepen-
dent plants. All declared they would
operate ''if enough men report for duty"
Fourteen of the plants that will try
TO keep running are independents and
four belong to the United States Steel
Corporation. The two that will close
are owned by the Labelle Iron Works
Of this city and Steubenville, Ohio. The
furnaces OF the Labelle were banked this
afternoon, and a statement was issued
by President r. G. Kirk that no work
except necessary repairs would be at
tempted until the end of the strike.
After a conference with NJ. f. Tighe,
president of the Amalgamated Associa-
ton of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers
President !. NJ Scott of the Wheeling
Steel and Iron Company, the largest in
dependent steel company In the district
announced that the five plants of the
company would be ready to operate
Monday. On learning that the plants
would try to run Jack Peters, local Or
ganizer of the steel workers, said that
all the plants would be plcketed and
that the more radical element Of the
workers would take matters In their
own hands "lfi forced to do So"
The steel workers will hold a mass
meeting tomorrow.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-21
CHICAGO STRIKERS
EXPECT NO VIOLENCE
One Steel Plant Employing
1900 Shuts.

CHICAGO, Sept. 2O.-with the nation
wide strike of steel workers set for
Monday officials of the steel companies
in the Chicago district were completing
plans tonight to combat the strike,
while union leaders renewed their pledge
that the strikers would not resort to
violence.
Conflicting reports were in circulation
regarding the operation of the plants
Monday. officials of the steel companies
were reticent regarding their plans, but
1t was reported they we're prepared to
meet the strike II enough loyal employees
responded to the call already sent out.
Other reports were to the effect that
the plants were prepared TO shut down.
Workers who report for work Monday
viii be kept on the payroll regardless of
whether the plants close. 1t was said.
The Wisconsin Steel Company plant
in South Chicago. an independent con-
Germ employing 1900 men. was reported
to have drawn its fires to-day. officials
of the company said, I'VE have closed
down for repairs" Union workers de-
clared that the closing OF the plant was
really the beginning of the strike.
Chief OF Police Clarity visited the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-21
DETROIT'S MOTOR
PLANTS WOULD CLOSE
EUen Partial Steel Strike
Would Cripple Industry.
Special Despatch 70 The suy.

DETROIT, Sept 2o.-In the event OF a
general steel strike most of the Detroit
automobile plants will be obliged to
close. officials of the companies said to-
day. Even a partial steel strike will
cripple the industry. The report that
the Ford Motor Company would shut
down Immediately was stated on good
authority, but official confirmation was
refused at the plant. officials declined
to discuss for publication any phase Of
the strike. 1t is understood, however,
that the company buys its steel not only
from the United States Steel Corporation
but from independent concerns. The
understanding that the strike is called
on all steel concerns increased the fear
that the material could not be obtained.
Oficials of nearly all plants were re-
luctant to talk about the strike. At
Dodge Bros. plant no officiai would
discuss 1t. A. r. De Mory. vlce-presi-
dent Of the Thinker Detroit AXLE Com
pany. said the extent of the Strike is
the chief factor which will determine
the length Of time plants can operate.
Materials are being received from the
mills each day, he said, and any curtail-
ment of shipments would handicap the
factories at once. Only careful con-
sideration, he added, of the supplies on
hand would indicate how soon a general
strike would effect a general shutdown.
The direct effect would be noticeable
within ten days.
Projects involving s25o,oOo. 900 may
be held up by the failure to obtain
steel. according to Henry Dupont of the
Municipal Building Department. Among
the big construction projects which the
stoppage OF the steel supply may delay
are the General Motors CORPORATION
plant. the Cadillac Motor Car Company
plant, Fisher Body Corporation plants
the Packard Motor Car Company plant,
the Wilson Body Company and the
Continental Motor Company plant.
II. B. Nolan. business agent here OF
the Seamen's Union of the Great Lakes
said the seamen were unanimously in
favor of the strike. The vote was 22e
to o in favor OF 1t.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-21

threatened district in South Chicago to
make final plans of the dispositions of
police reserves which will be sent out
Monday.
Twenty-Five union steel and iron or
ganizers have received instructions from
John II. De Young, assistant secretary
Of the Chicago district, on how to ham
die the strike, and they have taken up
their tasks In Gary, Hammond. South
Chicago, Milwaukee, Waukegan, Indiana
Harbor and other steel towns involved.
Heads OF steel companies stand by
their assertion that not more than 10
per cent. Of the workers will strike.
while union officials declare the tieup
will be complete.
Union leaders asserted tonight that
officers of the Interstate Iron and Steel
Company, an Independent concern en-
ploying about a,1o0 men. had signifed
their willingness to negotiate a set
Element In order to avert a strike.
The League for Industrial Justice.
through its president Stephen A Day,
appealed to-day to Chicago ministers
to urge from their pulpits arbitration
OF the steel differences. The appeal,
sent also to the unions and the board
OF directors of tho United States Steel
Corporation, declared that everything
in America must not be made secondary
to industrial disputes"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-21
BIRMINGHAM PLANTS
NOT TO CLOSE DOWN
Mill Officers Expect Enough
Loyal Men to Report.
Special Despatch 10 THH suy,

BIRMINGHAM, Ala, Sept. 20.--All prep
arations have been completed by the
labor leaders here for the strike of the
iron and steel workers in the Birming-
ham district Z. s. Ingram is the repre-
sentative here of the union organiza-
ton. officers of steel companies in
timated this evening that enough men
are expected to be loyal Monday to keep
all plants going.
Commissioner Of Police Taylor, Chief
Of Police Shirley and Chief of Detec-
tives Lyon after a conference to-day
with Ingram and B. w. King, business
agent of the machinists' union, an
nounced that no disorders would be
allowed, the picketipg of, plants would
not be permitted and intimidation would
be forbidden. Dozens of extra police
men have been sworn in by the Com
missioner of Police of Birmingham
Sheriff Hartsfield will swear in many
deputies between now and Monday
morning. Labor leaders look for 10000
men to go out first thing Monday
morning. Secretary Clemo of the Ala
bama district. United Mine Workers of
America, announced that the miners
would not strike Monday. Instructions
have been wired for.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-21
ATTACK ROCKEFELLER PLAN.
Pueblo Steel Workers Say Strike
Is Not Sympathetic.

PUEBLO, Col. Sept. 2o.--After a long
night session a statement was issued to-
day by the steel workers committee
stating their case in connection with the
strike of steel workers called here for
Monday next
The statement declared the strike in
Pueblo was not a sympathetic strike, but
was one to compel the Colorado Fuel and
Iron Company to recognize the en-
ployees' right to collective bargaining
under a system controlled by the en-
ployees instead OF through a system fos-
tered and patronized by the company
The workers statement declares that
the majority of the employees of the
steel works here do not receive wages
sufficient to enable them to live COM
fortably under present living costs.
The committee pointed out number
OF alleged differences between the Rookie
Teller plan, which has been adopted by
the company, and the steel workers
twelve demands.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-21

Steel and Iron Company, announced that
the four plants of the company would
continue to operate as long as men re-
port for work Mr.. Scott said the con-
ference was without result
Mr.. Tighe, accompanied by Louis
Leonard. secretary-treasurer OF the
Amalgamated Association, expects to
confer later with officers OF tho La Belle
Iron Works at Steubenville, Ohio.
More than 90 per cent OF the en-
ployees of the North Works Of the
Carnegie Steel Company at Sharon
voted to-day against the strike. on
Gals OF other steel plants there APP
pealed to the Sheriff to arrange for
sufficient deputies to handle the sltua .
ton In event of trouble.
1t was said some work remains I'M
completed In the plants of the American
Sheet and Tin Plate Company at New
Kensington, and that II II is not finished
by Monday the steel material will be n
total loss. 1t was decided at a strikers
meeting. It was said, that SUFFICIENT men
should return to the plants Monday and
complete the work.
A report from Steubenville, Ohio, says
that the Weirton Steel Company at Weir
ton. w. Va. will attempt to operate
Monday. but that the Steubenville works
Of the same company will shut down.
The Carnegie company's works at Mingo
Junction, Ohio, will also operate Mon
day.
From Sharon. Pa, came word tonight
that the Wilkes Rolling NH and tho
Savage Arms Corporation are the only
two iron and steel mills in the Shenango
Valley that will not be affected by the
strike. The Wilkes company. It was an
nounced, signed an agreement with It's
nF1lT NIL IN 40 Nt.A Go
age Arms Corporation reached settle
ment with It's workers several days ago
after strike of six weeks.
The borough officials of Homestead
Munhall. Whitaker, Hays and West
Homestead said tonight they have SOC
citizens sworn in to do police duty in
case OF an emergency. Late to-day
thirty-five State policemen arrived In
Homestead.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-21
SWITCHMEN no HELP
STRIKERS IN OHIO
Cleveland Organizer Says
700 Will Be Affected.
Special Despatch 10 THE srx

CLEVELAND, Sept. 2o.--Henry Raisse,
union organizer who will have charge
Of the steel strike In the Cleveland dis
trict. declared tonight that the Switch
mems Union and other organizations
close to the steel and iron trade would
cooperate with the steel workers.
About 700 men employed on steel
plant spurs will be affected, according
to Raisse. Other crafts represented at
the steel plants who will aid the steel
men include engineers, firemen, oilers,
electrical workers, moulders. carpenters,
pipe, filters and miscellaneous trades, he
saidf
Addition of the swltchmen to our
ranks means that owners of steel and
iron mills and blast furnaces will be
prevented from operating their plants
successfully" Raisse said.
ut means that the owners will be I'M
able to get material into their plants
and they will be just as badly handi-
capped in trying to get finished prod
ucts out of them"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-21
BIG STEEL COMPANY
LIGHTS NEW FURNACE
Youngstown Officers Don't
Fear Gripping of Plant.

YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio, Sept. 20.-while
mass meetings for steel workers were
beng held throughout the Youngstown
district to-day in preparation for the
strike scheduled for Monday morning
steel companies went ahead with plans
for continuing operations as usual
The Republic Iron and Steel Company
lighted fires in blast furnace which is
expected to be blown in on Monday
after period of idleness. All the mills
are scheduled for operations at virtual
capacity.
A force of 100 special officers. to be
kept constantly in reserve at police
headquarters, is being organized here.
and special officers are being sworn in
to preserve order in nearby villages
where mills are.
NJ. J. Tighe. president of the Amalga-
mated Association of Iron, Steel and
Tin Workers, in circulars sent to-day to
the locals in the Mahoning Valley or
dtred all men under contract to remain
at work on Monday.
The order applies to nine mills in the
district and about 5000 men who are
sheet metal workers. except at one mill,
where they are puddlers.
The mills affected, according to union
headquarters, are the Brier Hill Steel
Company (three mills), Youngstown !:
Sharon Steel Hoop Company. Hazelton (;
A. NJ. Byers Company, Girard; Trum-
bull Steel Company, Liberty Steel Com
pany, Warren, and Mahoning Valley
plants. Niles. The order will not affect
men other than the puddlers at the
Byers company and sheet metal workers
at the other mills, the union announced.
With steel union organizers holding
mass meetings at various places to urge
the mill workers to strike, the companies
standing pat on their statements that
their plants will be open for all men who
want to work. and all the newspapers.
including foreign language publications.
coming out openly to urge the men to
stay at work. nothing like an accurate
estimate could be obtained tonight OF
the extent of the walkout called for Mon
day morning.
Developments of the day made 1t GER
tain that there would be at least some
industrial activity in the Mahoning Val
ley on Monday.
Business concerns here have taken out
large amounts OF riot insurance. accord
ing to agents but both the unions and
the companies have urged against vio-
lence. and extra police and deputies will
be on duty throughout the district.