davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New Britain herald., 1919-04-02
ERAL REVENUE
 TAXES EFFECTIVE
Dtically Everything Is h. ] Cluded Under New Law

April haa a me;sn:n@ all it's own Nhe people of New Iri'ain and oth- kresiding in this country this veal
 E new fedLr ral revenue law provi- Hsa, affecting practically everything |sn chewing sum to he cloth cs one ars. went into effect yesterday
 Law Very Intricate.
 sas noW lJw is very comprchen- x and some provisions arc so ir- sed that they must be studied by sf}al sts. Tn the section ceaiine sh excise taNos the new law leyies 8sr cent on the sale or lease vall1a za of automobile trucks and wagons; < other automobiles and motor stes, tires, inner tubes, parts and sessories; pianos organs. piano |yers, graphaphonoss. music boxes. q records; 10 per cent cir tennis skeTs, nets, racket covers. skates. evsloes, skiis, .toboggans. canoe aGsea, polo Ll&l'tt$, b1l@e bail bats K aS, masks, protectors. shoes and Terms, football helmets harness \ fsoals, basketball ball goals and lfon1s, golf bG ess ami clubs. lacrossa cl1s. balls of all kinds, fish rods and sls. billiard and pool tublns. chess s. checker boards. games aud parts games and all Gizoi};: articles com - 3llly lSloW'! &G &po5tin- goods: , cont on chewing gum; 10 per cent cameras weighing not moro than 2 pounds, nhorograpf.ic films and Ates ether than moving picture as: par cent. c2 candy; fG per Fl oa lTa arms. shells and cart fsac. hunting 1-1:si EoTie knives. dirk si~cs. dagGers, 1n'cvd canes, s5ilet- sS aid 5rass or TT a1&llic t1nucl.}as
 pe" cent cn portable electric ians; Der cent CT @normoG and thoj1n oe- 3in bottles or other thorrn ostatic Satainers; 1c per cent CT cigar or 1gretta holders, hum;d0r5 and slno.1- :, stands; , per cent on automatic 3t device vending machines: t0 p3H
 mt on automatic slot device N-oign- q machines: 10 per cent oD liyeriee i'd livery boots and hats; n per at on hun clng and 'stIootin1, cl~- aIt5 and riding habits. 10 per cent ! articles nlad@ Of furs. yachts aid otor boats not desiSned for trade. thing or national defense; per cent toilet soaps and toilet soap DOW
New Britain herald., 1919-04-02

This photo shows Mrs. Yakima who founded the WOinon's christian Tem- perancc Union in Japan 30 years ago She has been most ta"leSt in her eff forts to fight sOc'al :>-ilS and csta b. fish rescue homes. The ratification of the prohibition amendment in this country has given Ms. Yakima new heart in, he" drive to make Japar bone dry.
 tcJ Underwood & Underwood
New Britain herald., 1919-04-02

fCertain technical provisions are arade for old mileage books and old
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18
Wireless Flashes Give Log of PLANES

1852 off
leg 22:os p. Newy ime)'
7:5s Aroostook:
a;27 nFrom AToostook "seapan Nc1,
S. Aroostoo1 sasan Nc Nc-s Nc4 passed
ssapane Nca left Trepasssy ss:o4
('' s94 % New York % Acres es ay m
sos New nS % IT, Gsossssa} % and Nc left
sos Ns" 9'FH S % @ N Nc and r left
%S} Navy ''ss $780, '
missing M oueh pSas' aa % %" this ling
way 5s % New YORK York % m MY N YORK m fmde %
M New York tme,; Nca % stopped % all f % %
2l:ls (5:ls New delay
@ 5:a7 r NJ Ss ST'Tof York AsnDs5 ms
assps or s n"n. again 1;5' S:5s
took off, s Nc di d @ o % the h"sSSr N
he resr 2aos @ y M at c Yop tGo7 & & New York % Nc
Sf % S ] s' % "n psint Bay Ts ga
9 % 4 Wahfr % conditions h" for Azores good with
PINK % G 1pa'o d are h"Rpy Leave the
n,.s.d a1:S& FFs Station Ship Nc
New York ~ ~ pane passed at oo;lo (S;l0 P. NJ
May IT, 1919
9aes Ss E. ss~ sSp x1 % sIs. s.,,..s uc
2:11 I' a. mrpom rom JniteS Jniag stt NW YORK. mel%
M New %1h YorS & ns' seapane Nc-' passed
'11i: 15s samsA ms New Hss se n A three planes
station shin @ AVE you heard anything just passed
5 2Ss mThsks the Norg Good vshes (sam plane was
planes sSs s I'M %r{s" Naval Hor Last heard of sea
may avail Itself early the probable that we % nv work @
4;so & mFrom United steamship selle seaplan Nc -
9 5:5s SNIP II IL ~ at v o1oS (S:ce a m New York ~ ~
station ship % sSs9S Ns York 'Ha m Ss'p'n Nc
ship II at O H5o time 'A'' N' passed station
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18
NeeO Yorh Tribune
WnShtr3 UtOn Buren7l

WASHINGTON May log showing progress of
the three NC seapnes the flight the Atlantic compiled
Unless otherwise specified the times shown Greenwich time
The log follows
pans from % & Ahead of sat- S By a6 So
nautical miles out @ Cape Race sll communication with No. a."
York i@s(; Station
(s:1o New
s;sa S %rEGm w. Sc Melville ~o Station
Station No N M Y e % Sc Ss6 Ne n
OILS la:1a New York me NCa
From Nc arrived
l7.5 HOS dn mTrom u Nevle "Nc
1 1ss Nos 1dn mro~ US MelvIs Nc
S9;n Hs i "i ss S N H ss
Ne" 11:os S em Tss'ss M 1ISs No ssed Station No %
lilo sro mEr0% frs Mo or to na naval radio
Last informao received % @ Mc rs c0
(5:l5 Nsw York tme Station
Station 'S No so @ H New ss 7s ms5 Nc Ss9 Nc
@ 4e of 'u'as s9%s~ss s e:tH9sn Station No II and Station
distance at 2 @ Sa25 Ns~ York afG me Ip1s1y 1 @
ss eae cs cs aas @ s '1s Rssss n No. 49, $50
conditions misty with frequm @
load s.eept Nc with crew o a m @ @
ny othe not M sa fhGss NGs & would 1875
AeIogahy most important reports COMPLETE
for Favorable weather before Degada Not expected n
o.s: e:o5 s;p mFm u began axng for
Fsoseo5' "%s @ssspsn Nc began .xns for
,ora: 71o mTlm % began taxying for
~ nFrom U "spne NC4 took off water m
A*9!ss 7gz fl night, % za 21:ss 5ss 6 New York tim' "
Dor -l.0o 0o:oo M New York ime) ~
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18

were constructed on fundamentally
correct principles, their flight across
the ocean has given us practical
demonstration Of the fact.
Even the fact that the NC-1 was
compelled to land in the water 200
miles off Fayal in dense fog proves
conclusively that flying boats are the
correct type of aircraft for the trans
atlantic flight.
From the earliest beginnings of
navigation, fog has been the most
dreaded of ocean dangers. To air
craft unable to land upon water it
is greater danger than to surface
vessels.
"The quick decision of Lieutenant
Commander Bellinger to land on the
water as soon as he ran into the for
bank shows the value of the ivinr
boat. With it he is able to descend
upon the water Immediately fog is
encountered and then proceed at a
greater speed than any surface craft
can make.
ut is fact that on the sea
Wherever fog is encounted there is
rarely rough water AS soon as the fop
lifts the flying boat can rise from the
surface again and continue it's voyage
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18
ost NC-s was a report received at b:15

lost NC-3 was report received at 5: Is
A. M, Washington time, saying she
was Slightly off course" AS both
cablegrams required six hours for
transmission, navy officials were in
clined to believe the searching de-
stroyers had picked up both Of the
lost planes.
The message to the Navy Depart
ment on the arrival of the NC-4 came
by cable from Ponta Delgada and was
more than an hour in reaching Wash
ington, the department receiving it
at 1860 a. m. Officials explained that
it was necessary to rely on the cable
because the wireless set on the tender
Melville at Ponta Delgada was not
powerful enough to "carry" to the
United States.
The message from the U. S. S. Co.
lumbia, station ship at Horta, said:
"NC-4 at Horta, waiting favorable
weather before proceeding to Ponta
Delgada. Not expected to leave here
until tomorrow"
Seaplane Beats Schedule
Commander Read reached Horta sew
eral hours ahead of the schedule time
for the fight, officials having estimated
that twenty hours would be required
for the seaplanes to reach Ponta Del
gada. Had he continued to that port
at the speed maintained throughout the
long voyage, Commander Read would
have covered the 1850 miles in a lit
tie more than seventeen hours.
Commander Read was forced TO land
at Chatham Light, Mass, on the first
leg of his flight to Newfoundland. He
remained at Chatham for several days
repairing. He again was forced to
make landing on the way from Hall
fax to Trespassey TO make repairs,
and at Trepassey another new motor
was put in the plane before it started
overseas. Despite these handcaps the
NC-4 led the way to the Azores prac-
tically all night.
The machine, which will achieve the
distinction Of being first to cross the
Atlantic Ocean will be that which ar
rlves first at Lisbon, Portugal, the
first European landing place of her
flight and starting point of the last
leg to Plymouth, England.
While the performance of the NC4
is viewed as the most spectacular
achievement in the history of heavier
than air craft, Commander Read has
not equalled the American navy record
either for duration or distance in sea-
plane flying. The greatness of the feat
it was said, lies in the fact that it was
entirely overseas.
On last April %, Lieutenant Com
mander H. B. Grow piloted the navy
seaplane F-5 for 20 hours and 10 min
utes' continuous flight in the vicinity
OF Hampton Roads, Va, covering
total of 1880 miles, the wind velocity
averaging twenty to thirty miles an
hour throughout the time of the flight.
The F-5, however, circled around in
the region of the air station in her
endurance test.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18
Air Sea Trade in
10 Years Forecast

Glean H. Curtiss, who collaborated
with the Bureau of Construction in
designing the naval NC seaplanes, told
The Tribune last night that, in his
opinion, regular flying boat service
would be in operation between London
and New York within ten years.
He based his prediction upon the
achievement of the NC-4 in flying
from Newfoundland to Horta, Azores,
without stop, at an average speed OF
100 land miles an hour.
"It would SEEM" he said, "judeinq
from the progress of the last ten
years, that we should have a regular
service between New York and Lon
don within the next ten years, if not
sooner. 1t must be remembered, how
ever, that it was many years after the
nrst steamship crossed the ocean be-
fore regular steam service was estab-
lished--at least forty years. In the
case Of the airplane, however, I am
convinced development will be much
more rapid"
Correct Principles Proved
Asked what lessons had been shown
by. the flight Of the NC seaplanes, he
said:
while we knew that these boats
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18
Atlantic Bridged by Sail, Steam, Cable.
Wireless, U-Boat, and Notu by F7iers

oNQUEST Of the Atlantic Ocean ha. b
game and has been played by centuries Since cbrh
~ eeo 'ne New World on the morning after
more han TWO months in his sslr.
Atlantic has been steamship wireless, and h
~' "'NN'0'' 1"u
wan" achievement bridging u;h
hs May
1a 1or Liverpool Twentynine
completed her without mish - ~ ' '"'
ihen came the Atlantic cables possible Ia send M
messages
progress The first America to Ireland h
Cyrus \" Field August " a DS
omoef l3 1901, awakened 1carr
Sia1con mad flashed Atlantic by wireless, r. s
onach had
oh 'uy o. 1916 the German
~" an undersea
.ap ael voyage Germany,
OF the ocean She made the in xteend day - ~
''ra"sey enough remains has
Dsea oy m sponsors the fight to .ks
olrgDe balloon When his
hlca IN iSlo ne picked
W. Of MS balloon On July 1912 Melvin and four Of
"ero
night across the Atlantic exploded start from thi, .
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18
UEO'S BEADS

You remember that tale
about Cleopatra and the ap.
petizer she made for Marc
Antony by melting pearls in
vinegar and wine, supposed to
be the smartest thing of its
kind up to that time. Well!
anyway! we think the story
about Cleo and Marc would
have had a much happier end.
ing had she been able to serve
Marc White Rock Ginger Ale
We believe it to be the best drink Of
Its kind. Made with the UNSURPASSED
mineral water miakmas
Every first class place wiyl serpe il.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18

Continued on mest pace
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18

Gulf states, is used in flying boat ..
struction. A' eea
wood veneer is composed .t
hogany and birch or maple ana 9, -
slsts OF two Or more layers Of NJ NJ
wood laminated. 1t is used for Na
iage and hull covering. Ssss
Cast iron is commonlv 49,
piston rings and frequently for .s ls
lnder heads. The steel in an Al. 49,. "a
motor is of the alloy steel tyns p'as'
I'm airplane motor constrn
nickel chromium, vanadium, tuns..s .s'
molybdenum, cobalt titanium ana ssss
ganese steels are used as allows ca .aas'
times combinations are employes sas sa.
as chrome-nickel, chrome vanss; suea
most alloys give greater hardness -
resistance to heat. That is wbv a. saa
are used. WY tasy
aluminium, on account of ;ts H.,
ness, is used whenever and wbs.sf gut
possible in airplane metal parts 's'e'
Cotton an Essential Fabric
Cotton, which can be prodro..
quailty as good as or better thss u
BEST linens so far as airplans as
concerned, may be considered ~. ase Is
important fabric now emnlox.s .a'ss
aeronautical construction. # i m
Tor covering wings, fuselages. ta,, 81 ase' USE
faces, wheels and SO forth. sun
Fibre is used for packing in MAJ.
construction. Bakalite is used ,aS a.Oes
sulation. Rubber is employed for ~ TN u
shock absorbers, washers. etc s'''s'
The use of glue in making w;rv =,
and other parts of the airnIana Ivy Ivy
as the veneer and laminated woos y''a
one of the most peculiar phases NJ a. \
industry. How structure reou;,s ~
the strength that an airplane reou;,s
in all its parts can be nut tor.,i.a
with glue is one of the marve,s of '.ss ~
art of flying w
Special airplane varnishes H..
been developed in the last few vss'.
This varnish, made in the In ~
States, is light proof, weather nross
Continued on merit ,,uu
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18

Every frst class place wi!l scve il.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18


WASHINGTON, May 1.-THE showing progress
the three giants NC seapanes the flight the Atlantic compiled
by officers the Navy public here
Unless otherwise specified the times shown Greenwich
The log follows:
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18
FiHy Materials
Used In Planes

Far lands have been secured to brinc
together the products that are com
blned in the seaplanes racing across
the Atlantic. In all, more than fiftv
different substances have been used in
construction of these craft, F. H. Rus
sell, general manager of the Curtiss
Engineering Corporation and president
OF the Manufacturers Aircraft Asso-
citation, said yesterday.
There are three classes of materials
used in the planes," said Mr.. Rus
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18

through the air. OF course, if the fog
IS encountered in mid-oc several
hundred miles from shore there is no
reason to descend. The machine can
continue It's course, confident in the
expectation that it will run out of foe,
before it nears shore; if not it can al
ways descend in the vicinity of land.
While flying through fog bank it can
be navigated by it's wireless COMPASS.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18
, carry her on to Horta, as her sos
Ills simply asked for bearings.
NC-I Fogbound Near Goal

The latest reports from Ponta Del
sgada stated that the destroyer Harding
sSlgnalled Mt 1855 p. m. New York time
that the NC-1 had been found by the
steamship Iona, and crew of the sea-
plane taken on board.
The NC-3, flagship of Commander
John II. Towers, "admiral of the trans
~atlantic air feet has not been heard
from since SIS a. IN New York time,
when she was reported between station
ships II and IS.
Inquiries directed to the commander
at Trepassey ELECTED the information
that Commander Towers had discarded
Ills special wireless set which enabled
the plane to communicate while on
.the water just before the start Of the
Night because of it's ight-twenty-
1--WE pounds. In this he was influenced
sby the fact that his machine was car
aying a much heavier crew than the
rother two. He is relying entirely
upon a wireless set which can only
be used when the seaplane is at a
greater altitude than 400 feet.
Naval officials here expressed the
opinion that under these circumstances
she NC3 had probably been compelled
70 descend on the ocean in the same
manner as the NC-1 and was unable to
Jell her position to the patrol vessels
on account of having no surface send
ing set.
Forced to Land by Fog
The NC1 was forced to land in the
open sea at $40 o'clock a. m, New
York time, because of fog, the Navy
Department was informed.
The message, which was sled at
Horta at $3.50 p. M, New York time,
follows:
'NC-1 passed a station ship at
$40 a M, apparently headed for
Corvo. Was forced to surface by
dense fog. Destroyers scouting Vi
cinity'
Corvo Island, referred to in the dis
patch, lies directly between the posi-
tions Of station ship 20 and station
ship 21. 1t is a mountainous point of
land and was fixed in the charts of
the aviators as their landfall or first
sight of land on the Azores. 1t was
assumed Commander Bellinger, of the
NC-1, decided to drop to the surface
when fog prevented him from seeing
this point
Fog Insures No Wind
The fog belt apparently extended a
hundred miles northwest of the NC-1's
position, as Commander Towers, in the
NC3, had gone off his course previ-
ously between ships II and 18. Off
>cers here pointed out that the fog
practically insured smooth water and
no wind. which they regarded as guar
anteeing the safety of the two planes
If the fog lifted, it was said, the ma
chimes would be able to resume the
flight.
Rear Admiral Jackson from the
azores, sSid the destroyers Phillip,
Waters, Harding and Dent had started
on a search for the NC-l and early to-
night reported that the weather, which |
during the day was unfavorable, had
improved and that sea visibility had |
teen extended to ten miles.
"One" Calls for Bearings.
The NC-1 just before she was forced
descend by density of fogs off the
Azores sent broadcast the following
message: la
sos. Landing now, NC-1. We
want bearings. Lost in fog about
position 20 (station ship 20)."
Rear Admiral Jackson in another
cabegram said the last heard of the
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18

sell, woods, metals and miscellaneous
articles"
Enumerating, he continued:
Spruce is one of the chief woods
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18

framework of the body.
- Where peculiar loneliness and elas-
tlclty are desired ash is used. 1t is
heavier than spurce, but stronger.
Hickory, from Eastern Canada and
the United States is used for tail
skids. White pine is used for ribs.
For propellers we use a peculiar type
of straight-grain mahogany.
Some Woods Laminated
The mahogany and other woods.
sometimes walnut, are animated
that is, the wood is taken in planks of
about an inch thickness and is pressed
together with glue between the sepa
rate boards, the glue drying under
pressure
Spanish cedar, obtained in the West
indies, Honduras, California and the
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18

used. The chief source of supply is
the timber belt along the Pacific Coast
IN Oregon and Washington. 1t is used
in making struts and wings and the
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1919-05-02
WITHOUT FUNDS THIS
SOLDIER REFUSES AID
Rcd Cross nablc 10 Ad,anCS, Money
for rchc, IT. S"rc,arS
IN Not Here.

Owing to the absence from the
home service section uf the Red
Gross Of anyone authorized tn sign
checks. a number of cases arc &C.
curing thls week that ca4sc rca4
hardships on the soldiers according
to information given out ni tho uff-
ces In the Lynch building
\ discharged soldier applied here
th,s morning Tor an advance loan ON
his bonus check OF fare to Drum
right and no such accommodation
could be made The man had t,"i
To Miami seeking work hut found
that ~ many Of the mines NcIe
closed on account Of low price Of ore
mat mon Wth homes IN the field
were gong elsewhere FOR Jobs lie
then came to Tulsa and has spent
days hunting Tor work. until now.
with his last penny gone, he wants to
return to brumright. discouraged
Too proud 10 ask for help, hc was
found az the Frisco station. having
made up his mind 20 beat his way
home. lie was taken to the y VI. &.
A, FOR the night and today by advice
sought the home service section OF
the Rod Cross There was no one
there that could help him \ signed
card was offered that would admit
him 10 the "l" for u bed and meals,
but he said
"A big strong follow like me tha,a
able TO work, and ought To he making
his own way->hasn't the face To ride
on u card ike that" aud he wouldh' {
have It, He tried To pawn his suit
case for the price Of Ticket. about
$50, but WAS talked out OF that.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1919-05-02
VERSAILLES HALL
PUT IN READINESS
Tables In Hor-c Shoe style Are In
stalled for Opening of Peace Con-
grcss When Date l. Set.
GERMANS BUSY CONFeRRING
Much Activity J. Notcd Among Dele
gates Of Enemy. Who occupy
Three Hotels at Versailles

b. The Associated Press
VERSAILLES Wednesday April
no The spacious dining room Of
the Hotel Trianon today received lts
peace conference installation three
long tables In horse shoe form GOV
cred with the traditional green cloth
of diplomacy and games OF hazard.
The installation rs imposing IN the
SIC Of each OF the side tables which
extend como 40 or 80 feet through
the room. At the head OF the apart
mcnt Is a table about 80 feet long
NJ which the representatives Of the
Great powers viii hc seated. WIN
President PoinCaire or nCcmlor
Clcmencoau In the center
Iaside the horse shoe is another
table covered with red plush. ana
In the space between one side OF
the horse shoe and he windows Is
similar table, In the window
cpenincs arc a number Of smaller
square tables for secretaries.
scene for Peace.
This Is n scene Tor the handling
over OF the terms OF peace. The
exact date Of the ceremony has not
been announced, but It Is common
" assumed that II viii occur on
Saturday The French covernneui,
however, has carefully ahs'alne"
from naming thcod1y either to the
public or to functionnrics entrusted
wiih ARRANGEMENTS and it is a far
preNumption that this is due not only
IN the problom whether the inter
yeninE time will he long enough TO
verify the credentials of the Ger
man Observation-Disclosures, but also the
uncertainty the draft ot the treaty
can be completed by saturday
oue&tions relative go thc adequacy uI
the Bowers OF the German delegates
and their qualifications 10 speak Tor
Bavaria, which came 10 the tront
today may furnish an occasion Tor
dsferring the handing over oi inc
treaty. should a further delay be
necessary preliminary meeting
with the German delegates w'l'
occur probably on Friday, A. ms
meeting their credentials VIII hc
submitted for examination 10 a COM
mission headed by jules Cambon OF
France.
Delegates Stroll.
All the German delegates. lhCluu-
ing Count Won lhTpNhu"l -
the foreign minister, we're our loL
brief stroll today, despite inc IN ~
cIemency of the weather. The
af,ernoon was chiefly devoted TO
preparations for the congress, There
was a busy coming and going of sub
ord,nates between the three hotels
occupied by the mission The Iahor
leaders have promised that the pro
cession will not enter Rue des
reservoirs and an adequate force OF
sendarmes and detectives VIII see
that agitators will not gain access access
To ths servants OF. the three hotels
with an idea of forcing them 70 JON
an tho MAY day strike. Rig placards
with the French equivalent OF
keep moving" were posted mus
afternoon everywhere along tho
strcets,
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1919-05-02
Chick win -Four
Legs Comes win
Hatch of TUeIre

with fair promise of living,
because II has Il vigorous chirp
ana plenty ot facilities for
scratching out living. a little
l'h"de Island Red chick with four
legs was found In hatch OF ~
when old hiddy was taken OF the
nest bN Mrs SAllie Garland OF
1882 North Lansing street Thurs
daN morning Two OF the legs
appear TO bc normal, being located
IN their usual position. The other
TWO logs protrude from the rear
or the body aS do those nf tho
quadrupcd family and they are
or such quality as will make it
possible 'u use them AS additional
propcilers or dirt movers n the
hiilc bird survives to the walking
or scratching age.
The Morning Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Okla.) 1919-1927, 1919-05-02

PENNSYLVANIA GUARDSMth
COME ON STEAMER FINLAND

NEW YORK, May .l,-rorty-lhree
officers and l.Al2 men OF me -Sln
diyision, former national guard OF
pennsylvania, arrived here iod'y on
the steamship Finland from -"
Naznire. ,l-
$500 troops including thc -"ru, tn.2
and eGth base hospitals. the End AMI
JOth convalcscent camps, wounded
and casualS.