davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1919-05-04
Why Scientists Are Stu
So Patiently EUeTy
ObtdinabLe Fact About
Them and AU Our
Returning Troops Are
So Carefully DeLOuSed

@IvE years ago we had never heard
the word "cootie." Until the great
world war nobody ever mentioned
tie louise in polite society. These words
were never heard on the lecture platform,
ware never met in books of travel, war or
history, were never in the newspapers.
Now the ''coOtie" has become a part Of the
daily life Of the soldier, lecturers discuss
him, the war books deal with him and his
victims keep the army hospitals busy.
THE cootie. is not merely an annoyance;
be is frightful menace. That is why
seience has devoted such painstaking and
patent care recently to the most minute
study of coolies
with inadequate sanitation arrives .
plague of lice.
Then comes typhus, the most destruc-
tiFe enemy Of mankind. Carried and
spread by the lice, it soon becomes epi-
demic, wiping out whole populations.
Thus it has ever been since times long
prehistoric. Accompanying and following
every war has been a scourge OF typhus,
decimating armies and destroying non
cEmbatants on a wholesale scale.
tBubonic plague (the 'blsck death" Of
the middle ages) and smallpox are fright
fpl maladies. Cholera and yellow fever
have taken a tremendous toll Of mankind.
But none Of these is comparable to typhus
as a killer
Epidemic typhus (such as has been
raging in Russia, Serbia, Bulgaria and
other European countries for a long time
past) kills four out Of five Of the persons
it attacks.
A recent epidemic of "fu" in the United
States has caused widespread consterna-
ton. And no wonder, inasmuch as (ac-
cording to the medical authorities Of the
War Department. half a million people in
this country died of it. But the mortality
rate from "flu" was low as compared with
that of epidemic typhus.
Il is exactly this danger-not by any
means TO be overestimated-that our Gov
eminent authorities have had in view, as
Incidental TO the return Of millions Of
American soldiers from Europe.
Inevitably they would bring the typhus-
carrying insects with them unless proper
means were taken to relieve them Of the
unwelcome parasites. The problem vas
to let in the soldiers and shut out the
cOoties, and fits solution, as developed BY
the War Departments medical staff, has
been one Of the biggest sanitary achieve
ments in history.
As result, there is not in the United
States to-day a single case Of louse-borne
disease imported from Europe. Not a
Chse Of typhus nor Of trench fever" nor
Of "relapsing fever"-all three Of which
come under this head. Not yet
The Washington times., 1919-05-04

hatch in about a week.
The mature insect is dirty gray in color.
1t infests by preference the underclothing
the seams of undershirts and drawers
especially. Favorite resorts are the fork
of the trousers, the waistline and the arm
pits.
This, however, affords merely a sugges-
ton of the problem which the medical
men Of the army are obliged to tackle. II
begins on the other side Of the Atlantic,
where every returning soldier Is kept for
two weeks in quarantine to allow for the
possible development Of typhus or other
diseases already contracted.
Incidentally, he Is examined for possible
infection, "deloused" by putting himself
and his clothing, separately, through ap-
propriate treatment, and declared sup
posedly'' clean.
Next he goes on board Of a transport
where he is again examined. Six days
later, on the voyage. he is examined once
again-sufficient time having meanwhile
elapsed for the Matching of possible louise
eggs concealed about his person. In ad-
dition, on every day during the voyage he
Is required to make an investigation Of
his body and clothes.
When transport arrives in port on this
side Of the Atlantic the ships chief med
ical officer reports to the port surgeon
that all these requirements have been fully
complied with. Decentralization then fol-
lows.
With the idea of protection for our peo-
pie in view, the soldiers are shipped by
train as Immediately and directly as pos
sible to "debarkation camps"-such as
Camp Upton and Camp Mills on Long
Island, or Camp Merritt at Tenafy, N. ].
At each Of these camps there Is a big
"delousing" plant, and the men are placed
temporarily in what is called an "unclean
area" to await further anti-louse treat
ment.
The trains on which they arrive are
meanwhile subjected to a thorough cleans
ing. The cars are cleaned with vacuum
cleaners and sprinkled with carbolic acid.
At the debarkation camp, guards are
placed in charge Of the newly arrived men.
They are not permitted to leave until they
have undergone a "delousing" treatment.
Though already supposed to be entirely
clean, it Is taken for granted Gas a mat
The Washington times., 1919-05-04

Recent scientific study Of the body
louse" has developed certain definite new
facts, as follows:
The insect is the sole carrier and dis
tributor of the bacillus that engenders
typhus.
1t also carries and distributes "relapsing
fever" the germ of which has been dis
covered and identified.
1t is the carrier Of trench fever
which may however, be a mere poisoning
due to the insects venom; a mouth-excre-
ton that irritates and incites scratching.
1t was probably the earliest companion
and parasite of man. For so long time
has 1t been his parasite that it cannot
exist without him. Man is its only host"
Newly-hatched, It will die in twenty-four
hours II deprived Of human blood. Ar
rived at adult age, it can survive not more
than ten days without this article Of diet.
II the human race were to suspend ex-
istence on the earth for eleven days there
would be no more cooties. The race would
he wiped out forever.
This pestiferous insect species Is ex-
traordinarily delicate. Slight changes of
temperature are fatal to it. II an infested
person is attacked by fever It will prompt
ly desert him. A dead man is quickly
abandoned by cooties.
They are quite regular in their habits,
Great Britain Rights Reserved.
The Washington times., 1919-05-04

tion Of the Virulence of the germs they carry
But, on the other hand, suppose that they
swarm by thousands-perhaps by hun
dreds Of thousands-within a limited area,
and with human beings to prey upon.
There might in that case be an indefinite
augmentation of virulence in the germs
they distribute.
Persons inoculated with these extra
Virulent germs might quickly die. In fact,
they have died by thousands--nay, by mil
ions-in Europe.
In the meantime we do not find our
selves very seriously afflicted by our own
mild typhus problem. What demands our
attention Is the exclusion Of this dread
disease in its fatal form.
There is plenty of typhus in Mexico. 1t
RACES there, especially among the poorer
classes. Lack of proper sanitation-that
is the sole cause.
Always this is the cause. Thus 1t is not
surprising that the cootie problem should
have begun with the first enlistments of
men to fight in Europe. Many OF them
came from homes worse than humble
this remark naturally applying in particu-
lar to negroes-and they brought this in
sect problem with them.
At that stage of our military activities,
however, 1t was not regarded as of i'm
portance. II we sent cooties abroad no.
Copyright. 1919. by Star Company
The Washington times., 1919-05-04

taking three meals .
day. Twenty minutes
are devoted to each
meal, the insect insert
ing its beak and sucking
blood.
Most appalling, where
the "typhus louse," is
concerned, is its rate OF
reproduction. The fe-
male begins laying ggs
when she is seventeen
or eighteen days old,
and lays about a dozen
eggs per diem. They
The Washington times., 1919-05-04
From New York
Museum of
Natural History
Photos.

body was likely to
criticise.
No matter what
part Of the world,
these pests are al
ways prevalent in
places where there
is lack Of sanitati IN.
One finds this condi.
ton of affairs at
its worst in Russia,
where a dozen or
more people sleep
to the er in q
hut.
The Washington times., 1919-05-04

not that (according
to the now accepted
theory the germs
contained in the ex.
creta acquire added
Virulence every time
they pass through
the body of a fresh
cootie.
Suppose, then that
you have in a given
situation a dozen
cooties. Their asso-
citation may result in
a certain augmenta.
The Washington times., 1919-05-04

mediately.
The British authorities, equally alive to
the peril, have done their best, with the
same end in view. Nevertheless, our War
department learns that typhus is spread
ing in England. 1t is already epidemic in
Russia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Serbia, Hungary,
Austria, Germany and Holland. Wha. this
means may be judged from the $50 per
cent mortality" statement above quoted
We have plenty Of coolies in the United
States. InnumerabIe. in fact. They differ
not at all in species or description from
the European kind. Why bother, then, to
exclude the foreign ones?
Simply for the reason that the latter
are already infected with VIrdlent typhus,
and ARE, therefore, extremely dangerous.
Why the term 'virulent"?
This needs just a bit Of explanation.
For already we have typhus in the United
States. We have had it for goodness
knows how long. Cases Of 1t are not in
frequent in New York City and in other
centres Of population. Probably we shall
never get rid Of it altogether.
But it is typhus in a very mild form,
not ordinarily fatal. Doctors call it "BriIl's
disease" after the physician who first dis
covered, a few years ago, its real char
acter. The same insect, the body louse,"
carries It.
Why is it so mild?
This is a question not satisfactorily set
tied as yet But Major Harry Plotz. U. s.
A., the man who discovered the typhus
gem, thinks he knows the reason.
The germs Of typhus are not communi.
Gated by the bite of the louise (like plague,
where the flea is concerned, or malaria,
with the mosquito), but through :he me-
dunn of the insects excreta, which find
their way into the tiny wound its bite
makes, or are rubbed into the wound by
the victims scratching.
Coolies have a curious habit Of devOur-
ing the excreta Of other cooties. It would
be highly commendable practice were 1t
The Washington times., 1919-05-04

II has been made
literally impossible, it
is hoped, for any of
these diseases to ge in
to this country. II Ito
suppose what is deem
ed ont Of the question:
a man bringing q louse
from abroad were to be
let loose, q report Of
the fact would be on
a desk in the Surgeon
Generals office at
Washington almost i'm
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-23

You may know tina, the tangled skens eventually
unravel because the cold. gray dawn Of the NOM
ing after brings this sort of an ending to three
hours of solid laughter Garry and Geraldine
(john Cumberland and End Markcy) Mabel
and her lover (t1azeI Dawn and Dudley Haw-
lcy). Jimmy Larchmont and Alicia (Walter
Jones and Evelyn CosnelD
The Corpus Christi caller. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1918-1987, 1919-05-24

NI h NI .IsfNNH iit atNN.' iffl.N ift
ueue fh. NtN month n fhr
WN,H Nu.ru fnloush D. >E IntIH
haif Ntl utsr the uno rm, uuuut lO
500
Ao noe an, JrNE bodv aat
liNE nar
fnr nId HnmHnH euf NhD dr thHI
l'th fnn lurhA niuuiN 5000 uH
lnf0 u tn b. Con- SOME
IJNE Hrni with c ial ,o.
mule GANG 800 Nun Hlor daf
ha NiHus fHDeaf put 30 hacH NhN
tfiuHl NsN fdtudnf HOelett wants go
at em doNn tD Is.
Rrelte hs GOA some .Acoh raw 80 Nf
0af
aud What IS s0 rare af day sN ~ NEf
rNeN lf rFor como rrlvci nt
Intu heayeH tlef Garth Dee lN
Nunr
And oyei u softly her warm Goa laws.
LonslL
But somebody has thrown monkey
wrench into jiNf.S weather machine
~ since Lowell PASSED along.
The Corpus Christi caller. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1918-1987, 1919-05-24

~ 4 w
The Corpus Christi caller. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1918-1987, 1919-05-24
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The Corpus Christi caller. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1918-1987, 1919-05-24

Eterv Wax
a. Ru U M
"The on
selves Ia N
sirllc
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E,.,, ,....
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,iar bes
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WIN 'h' PROF."
Mhfh plniN
solved why 81
and conditions
VI
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
100 irs Roxblsry Court
To Ans,cer Riot Charge
William !sidis, Harrayd's Boy
Graduate, Held in Bail Of
$4,000: Fire Sent 10 gaiI

BOSTON, May 2.-More than 100 men
and women appeared in the Roxbury
Police Court to-day to answer to
charges brought as a result of the riot
ing which accompanied red flag DEM
onstration in the RoNbury district yes
terday. All pleaded not guilty. Five
of those arrested yesterday had been
released, and of those brought into
court three were discharged.
Two men were sentenced to two
months in the House of Correction for
taking part in an affray," and two
others were given the same sentence
for assault. A fifth, sentenced to one
month for assault, appealed and was
held in $500 bonds.
All the others were held in bonds
varying from $500 to $1,000 on charges
of rioting. The cases of twenty -one of
the accused Will come up for a hear
ing next Monday and the others on sue
ceeding days.
The $4,000 bond was demanded for
William Sidis, a son of DR.. Boris Sidis,
q psyche -pathologist and well known
on account of having been the young
est student to receive a degree at Har-
ward University. Patrolmen testified
that Sidis carried a red flag in the
demonstration.
Among those held in $1,000 bail
were Martha Foley who has been con-
nected with woman suffrage activities.
and julia Rashman.
Three patrolmcn and bystander. in
jurcd during tho riotng, were 'improv-
ing to-day. None was seriously hurt.
Captain Hugh j. Leo Of the Dudley
Street police station, in whose district
serious rioting occurred yesterday.
was found dead in bed at his home to-
day. Death was said to be due to nat
ural causes, although fellow officers
were inclined to believe that the strain
under which he worked during the
disturbances was in measure resnon-
Slblc
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
,J0hnr,nson Predicts
10000 WiN Strike
FOR Mooney Cause

Anton Johannson, who presented the
resolution for five day strike be-
ginning July a in an attempt to free
Thomas j. Mooney, at Thursday nights
meeting in Madison Square Garden, left
New York last night for Chicago. Be-
fore leaving he declined to make any
estimate as to the number that would
obey such call.
"Therell be fifty times as many peo-
pie quit as some people chink," he said:
"Some place the estimate at 4oo,'
he was told.
"All right he replied, chat would
mean 10000. Those figures are as good
as any. for no one Knows how many
will quit
The plans of the Mooney group, as
outlined at the Chicago conference of
January ID, was for a one-day strike
on July 4. IN labor circles at the time
this meant nothing. as few persons
work on Independence Day anyway
In these circles the opinion prevailed
yesterday that the five day strike prop
osition meant little more, and that it
was projected to gain more publicity
for the Mooney case.
"Mooney's case" said one of these, us
not being helped by the methods of his
friends to scare California into doing
what on the record is the proper thing.
Mooney has been hurt by the methods
Of those who use his case as a clothes
line on which to hang every revoiu-
t1onary doctrine ever heard off,
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Troops Asvaited Word to
Aid Cleuelauxl Police
Machine Gunners With Motor
Tyucts We're MobiTixed to
Suppress May Day Riots

CLEVELAND, May 2.--It became
known to-day that Federal troops,
with two machine gun companies,
equipped with motor trucks, were
mooilized just outside the city yester-
day in readiness to suppress any dis
order resulting from the Socialist May
Day demonstration, in the event the
police proved unable to cope with it.
Government authorities, incensed
over the Socialist demonstration and
display Of red flags which prccipitated
ycatcrday's riots, to-day were consid-
ering steps to deport every foreign
born person who participated on the
side Of the rioting element
Joseph Tvantyi, thirty-cight shot
three tirnes By a policeman In rioting
last night, died in "a hospital this
morning.
The man shot yesterday afternoon
waa identified to-day as Samuel Pearl
man
Swift justice was rnetei out to- day
In the cases Of radicals arrested dur
ing the riots. Police Judge Ifowels
imposed the gcucrcst sentences allowed
by law, the first offender UP being
given two sentences Of 5000 and costs
and six months each for assaulting a
policeman and citizen.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Labor Urges Punishment
OF Fighters for Raids

The Central Federated Union adopt
ed resolution last night at LABOR
Temple protesting against the "cow-
ardly' attack of soldiers, sailors and
marines upon the Mooney meeting held
at Madison Square Garden Thursday
night under its auspices.
Severe punishment by military au-
thorities was urged, and it was sug-
gestcd that the first task of the legis-
lative committee which is to investi-
gate Bolshevist propaganda should be
to discover the instigators of such
riots. Rudolph Modest. of the Cigar.
makers Union, who suggested this
clause, expressed the opinion that EN-.
ployers encouraged such violence, anc
IN so doing were strengthening the
cause of the reds
The police were praised for the vigi
liant guard they maintained, which
alone, it was said, prevented the loss
Of hundreds Of lives.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Mimeograph Circulars Are
Sent Out TO Tell People
of City of Events and of
Total of Subscriptions
No Newspapers Issued
Building Trades Unions Are
Also Out and 81, ,OOO,O 900
Worth of Work Is Held Up
Staf Correspondents

Sto0 Correspondence
ALBANY, May 2-Thc people Of
Albany were again without local news
papers to-day.
In addition to the walkout Of the
printers the city is undergoing one of
the most serious building trades
strikes it ever faced. Twenty three
hundred men are affected. They quit
after the contractors refused to grant
demands for more pay. AS result
nearly S1,OOO,OO0 worth Of building is
held up.
The employees Of the electrical de-
partment of the Municipal Gas Com
pany also have demanded more money
Negotiations are now on with the War
Labor Board at Washington in an effort
to keep them at work. Officials of the
company said tonight they had made
arrangements to meet an emergency.
Refused TO Go Back
-cr Barrett, of Indianapolis, vice
prc-.uent of the international Typo
graphical Union, is on the way here to
try to settle the differences between
the printers and the publishers. A
message was sent from the Interna-
tional Union to-day, asking them to re-
turn to work and submit their griev-
ances to arbitration. They unani-
mously refused. They say that not
only the demand for increased pay is
involved. The printers complain that
the newspaper owners have put unfair
conditions in the new agreement,
which would result in the wedding out
of all the older men and the breaking
up of the union. Under this proposed
agreement they say the foremen of
composing rooms would be under the
complete control of the publishers
rather than the union, and the men
would not be given eight consecutive
hours to work. They also insist that
the publishers want to bring about a
situation where they could permit men
not members of the union to work in
composing rooms.
The publishers, on the other hand,
declare they have offered the men the
same money the printers in Rochester
are getting and that if the men have
any objections to the proposed agree
ment the only fair way to meet 1t is
by arbitration The men refuse to
arbitrate.
Retards Victory Loan
The failure Of the newspapers to
appear is seriously impeding the work
of the Victory Loan. To notify the
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Soldiers ARE Inclined
Not to Press Charges
AGAINST the Police

Threats of charges against police
men accused of brutality in handling
soldier and sailor malcontents at the
Madison Square Garden meeting
Thursday evening had not materialized
at Mayor Hylan's office at late hour
yesterday afternoon.
Moreover, indications we're that the
service men, who felt they had been
abused by the police that evening, have
thought better of the situation and no
charges will be fled. At least this
was the opinion of half dozen sol
diers who, denying they had partici-
pated in the affair, admitted intimate
knowledge of the situation.
It was explained by one uniformed
man that in order to press charges
| against the police who, he said, had
been too free with their clubs and
not discriminating enough in select
ing the guilty one from among the
innocent, it would be ecessary for the
soldiers to admit that they had gone
to the Garden seeking trouble. This
he said, few men would be willing tc
/ do because of the probable conse-
| QQenCeS.
"There is no doubt that many sol
dlers went down there expecting to
/ roughhouse the Socialists" said SOL
I dicr who showed evidence of having
been treated with little consideration
himself. "They were looking for a
flght. and of course they have no right
to complain because they got more
than they bargained for"
Chief Inspector DAILY said his men
had taken only such measures as were
necessary to keep the peace and that
there was no evidence that the police
had taken advantage Of their oppor-
tunlties to do injury to innocent by
ISLANDERS, as some of the soldiers had
charged was the case.
Soldiers and sailors found in the
park at Union Square, VINO appeared
to have a more intimate knowledge of
the Garden activities than those else
where, said nobody had called upon
them to go down to the May Day cele-
braton, but that those who went an
peared to have gone of their own voli-
ton. Some of their number said that
the radical statements found in "The
+ Call" the Socialist organ, had incitec
many soldiers and sailors against the
Mooney sympathizers, but that there
had been no attempt to do anything
bat prevent the making Of unpatriotI
! speeches there.