davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New Britain herald., 1919-01-04
When Disease First Happened

ONE Of the most curious of discus
" sions has been started by Prof
Roy L. Noodle, a scientist of high
reputation, who has made a special
study of the beginning Of disease.
Once upon a time, he says, there was
no such thing as disease in either
animals or plants. But it was very
long while ago. His inquiriel led aim
to the conclusion that diseases began
In the conforming period, when the
vast deposits Of our fossil fuel were
laid down in peaty boys from the lux
uriant vegetation of regions then trop-
iCal-in Pennsylvania, along the south
ern AlIeghenics and elsewhere.
In those very ancient times, ever SO
many millions of years ago, the earth
was covered with water far more ex-
tensively than at present, and on the
bottom grew fields of sea lilies"-just
as they do today in marine shadows.
They are oddly initiative of plants,
though really animals; and fossil re-
mains of them found in coal show en-.
largements of the stems plainly due to
attack by parasitic worms.
During the coal period there seems
to have been an extensive development
of those forms of microscopic vege.
tatton that we call fungi and bacteria.
Nearly all plant diseases are due to
attack by parasitic fungi Most dis.
eases of men and animals are attribu-
table to bacteria of one species or an.
New Britain herald., 1919-01-04

battleship speed, and thus take away
from the battleships the only means
of defense which they now have
namely, the ability to run away from
the submarine-the submarine will
dominate the surface of the high seas.
The battleship will be powerless be-
fore the submarine of the future; the
advantage will be always with the sub
marine. as it is invisible.
when every country with a sea-
coast is equipped with a sufficient
number of defensive submarines, even
Of very low speed, attacks by inVa-
sion of their seacoasts will be impos-
sible. In case two maritime nations
go to war, the submarines belonging
to each other will effectively blockade
the ports of the other. Commerce will
come to an end, but there will be no
invaSions and no naval battles. The
submarines, not being able to see
each other, will not be able to fight.
The worst that can happen is a
deadlock, and q commercial deadlock
of this sort will soon be ended by
mutual agreement. The smallest Of
countries may fear no country, how
ever large, whose sole access to her
is by way of water.
New Britain herald., 1919-01-04

other that have acquired the habit or
parasitism.
Minute bacteria and fungi-traces of
their colonies, that is to say-have
been found in the fossil droppings Of
extinct species of fishes, embalmed, as
one might say, in our coal deposits. In
plant structures of corresponding an.
tquity are discovered natural "cul.
lures" of bacteria, silicifed.
The fossil teeth of Iong-extinct spe.
cies of fishes have been found affected
by dental caries"-irregular decayed
spots. Are we to suppose that those
f1nny creatures of early days suffered
from toothache?
Twenty or thirty millions Of wears
ago arrived the age of reptiles, which
developed the giant lizards that were
the largest animals ever known in the
world If some modern whales be ex.
cepted. Some Of their bones preserved
in the rocks show deformities obvi.
ously due to disease. Certain OF these
deformities suggest chronic inf1arnnna.
ton of the joints; others, tuberculosis.
After the age of reptiles came the
early mammals. They and their de.
scendants Qncludtng ourselves) have
certainly had a due allowance Of dis.
ease ever since. But III Professor
Noodles dictum is to be accepted)
there was no such thing as disease In
the world up to the time when the coal
beds were laid down
New Britain herald., 1919-01-04
Peace-Time Pursuits

With Mr.. Lakes contention that the
submarine may serve humanity in
peace times in various ways there can
be no quarrel. Already it develops
that the submarine will lead the way
in undoing some of the wrong Of the
U-boat. In the salvaging Of sunken
ships and the recovery of lost car.
goes the submarine will play an i'm
portant part. Even before the war
this was proved feasible. Millions OF
dollars worth Of valuable merchan-
disc awaits reclamation on The bottom
Of the sea. Many vessels were sunk
in the North Sea and the English
Channel, where the water Is compar-
atively shallow. Engineering thought
now is directed toward the develop
ment Of the best diving and lifting
apparatus for this work.
Navigation under ice fields is an
other peace pursuit mapped out for
the submarine. Ports bound with ice
fields during great parts of the year
may be made communicable. accord
ing to submarine engineers. North
pole explorations via the submarine
also are limited at, the underwater
craft escaping the long rigorous de-
lays due to ice fields. AS submarines
in wartime have dynamited their WAY
ahead with torpedoes, SO, it is held,
may they clear their pathway of ice
masses.
No doubt the movies" before long
will contribute for our fancy new and
even more startling underwater pic
lures than any heretofore shown. All
that Jules Verne beheld in Twenty
Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"
may soon float in flI1ny procession be.
fore our eyes on the ubiquitous
screens. Investigations Of the flora and
fauna of the sea by bottom creeping
submarines equipped with powerful
searchlights and moving-picture cam
eras already are demonstrable. The
sea will give~up it's secrets.
More food will be provided by sub
marine devices, according to mari
time experts. Vessels exclusively for
the location and recovery of shellfish
are being developed. Oysters, clans,
scal1ops and other edible shellfish are
to come on the markets in abundance
once these fleets get into action.
In engineering lines also it is ex-
pected to work revolutionary changes.
I'm general submarine engineering
work." says Mr.. Lake, Gin the con.
struction of breakwaters, lighthouses,
driving piles and building abutments,
and in the deepening and improve
ment of waterways and harbors, the
submarine will be utilized. In pros
pecting for and the recovery and sep
aration of gold from river beds and
seacoast bottoms, submarine devices
have been found to be very efficient
and economical. A new method Of lay.
ing tunnels under water has been pro-
posed in which adaptations Of the sub.
marine will play a great part Thus
it is evident that the submarine has
utility entirely apart from that Of q
military weapon"
New Britain herald., 1919-01-04

the United States into the war, and
the United States was the deciding
factor"
While the final chapters Of the hor-
rible world war were being written,
the German people themselves rose in
revulsion against the U-boat. For a
long time the German Admiralty had
had to resort to drafting crews for
the submarine fleets, Men were com
Wandered. according to authoritative
reports, and forced into the U-boat
service These men Of the underwater
fleets could no longer endure the men
tai fortunes that they suffered in ret
ribution for the unlawful masSacres
of humanity. Who among all the u
boat captains and sailors through
the years of life that remain will not
be haunted by the faces of their vic
tins, the cries of the helpless men
who were taken aboard the submarine
decks and allowed to perish when the
craft submerged, or tho frantic pray
ers of tho women and children who
were she1led in open boats as they
put off from torpedoed liners?
The Coffin Fear
That U-boat sailors suffered the
pangs Of conscience and fled from
further subsea service the victims Of
their own hallucinations has been re-
vealed since the evacuation of the for
mer U-boat bases along the Belgian
coat. When the Allied forces moved
into Bruges and Ostcnd they discov-
cred tell-tale evidences OF the psyche
logical collapse of the "unterseeboot
commanders.
Long vigils at sea, marked by fire.
quent battles for life with the oppos-
ing navies and varied by the wholesale
killing of innocent women and
children, got upon the nerves of these
dupcs of insane militarism. They be-
came the victims of "claustrophobia,"
a nerve trouble that the doctors trans
late to mean the fear of q shut
room" Persons who suffer "coffin
fear" the worry Of being buried
alive. suffer as these U-boat naViga-
tors. On shore leave they INDUCED
in frightful orgies Of intOXication in
an effort to forget" and the revels
lasted until they again put to sea-
Tn the rathskellers Of the U-bOat rem
devious were found all manner of
legends depicting the mental state Of
the Tnurderers. In one Bruges roust-
mo Mace was found this inscription
scrawled upon the wall; Drink deep
Of wine, We heroes. 1t will compen'
New Britain herald., 1919-01-04
OCEANS HIDDEN TREASURES

a higher degree within a few years
Travel will be made safer, rich car
goes will be recovered, and the ocean
will be forced to give up it's wealth
nd its products to the uses of man in
greater quantity than ever before.
Thus, instead of following a career
Of murder and piracy, the submarine
is destined to protect the weak, to
strengthen the strong and to serve
humanity in general as an agent for
prosperity and for peace"
One may not agree with all that Mr..
Lake says about battleships being
powerless before submarines in view
of the recent accomplishments OF sci
ence; and it is we'll within reason to
doubt his contentious concerning the
security from attack Of maritime ma
tons, for with the development of
submarine cruisers and huge under
sea carriers it may be but a step to
the submarine troopship. Mr.. Lake
bellies his own contentious along these
lines when he predicts the develop
ment of huge submarine commerce
carriers, for these mighty leviathans
of the deep may as easily trade their
cargoes Of merchandise for armies
that might circumvent the mightiest
Of blockade fleets. It was a big step
from Hollands first submarine, lately
consigned to the junk heap, to the
Deutschland. From the Deutchland-
where may the evolution Of the sub.
marine lead?
New Britain herald., 1919-01-04

safe and make you forget the dark
days of hardship"
In the last extremity, with defeat
staring her everywhere in the face,
autocratic Germany called upon her
navy for one last supreme effort in
behalf of the fatherland, a titanic
naval blow that would revive the
dropped spirits of the starving pop
ulace. But the disaffectiOn Of the u
boat fleets had spread to all the navy,
and the reds" revOlted to the extent
of sinking a stray battleship attempt
ing to escape the clutches of justice.
Germany at last supinely surrendered
the U-boats that were to have con-
uuered the world!
German U-Boat Colonies
What will Germany do with the
U-boat in the future? NoVelists have
depicted in wartime literature a de"
feated Germany covertly building
great fleets of submarines with which
to challenge the freedom of the world
at some later date. They have pic
tured England ,irding herself with
Gordon Of subsea commerce-carriers In
anticipation Of Germany's "tOmor-
row." In the realm Of realism, for
eign spokesman have protested to see
in autocracy's Crumble to a fall a last
futile effort to save some fragrantS for
the future building of another mill
tarism based upon U-boat despotism.
In reply to DR.. Soils inSistent demand
that Germany must in some manner
emerge from the peace conference
with her African and South Sea col
onies intact, the British Colonial Min
lister, Mr.. Walter Long, points out
that 'the real significance Of this de"
mand is that Germany wants these
and submarines"
AS late as one week before Ger
many consented to the terms of the
armlst1ce report out of Copenhagen
had it that German engineers had I'M
der construction ironclad submarine
cruisers $40 feet long and 1000 tons
displacement, the vessels to carry
eighty men and to be armed with
twenty-five torpedoes, two stX1nch
guns, two S.8-centimeter guns and
1000 shells. Whether overturned Ger
many will take up the plans OF her
engineers and continue where they left
off remains TO be demonstrated. Eng
land, too, may be building and con-
tinue building underwater cargo"car-
r1ers. In this country there Is no re-
taxation of effort to build an tncom'
New Britain herald., 1919-01-04

parable navy in anticipation OF inter
national policing OF the seas after
peace. The three-year naval program
urged by Secretary Daniels before
Congress calls for the construction Of
ten additional superdreadnoughts six
battle cruisers and $40 smaller YES
sells, among them submarines. Just
how far the question of disarmament
will figure in future peace conferences
remains yet to be demonstrated.
New Britain herald., 1919-01-04

submarine will have been sounded.
dO not expect that it will be COunte-
nanced as a form Of warship to be
employed solely against a warship. My
notion of it is that out Of this war
will grow a peace settlement drawn up
by a League of Nations TO Enforce
Peace, and feel sure that these domi-
nant nations of the earth will scratch
the submarine from the list of honor
able weapons of OflenSe or defense. 1t
will no longer be tolerated among re-
spectacle nations of the earth.
Germany herself, The new socialized
Germany, may unite in the decree of
Punishment No one knows better
than Germany that it was the U-boat
that brought about her own humilia.
ton and downfall Germany's war
lords thought to starve Great Britain
into submission with the submarine;
Germany in the last act threw 1lp the
sponge when her own millions Of
people were frenzied with the despair
of starvation that came with military
impotency. Germany brazenlv threw
down the gauntlet to the United States
in the truculent boast that her sub.
marines would prevent the coming Of
an American army of invasion; but
history has recorded how 100000
Yankee sons were transported across
seas to deal autOcracy its knockout
blow. The torpedo that laid low the
Lusitania was the compelling act that
brought America into the world war,
and no one has put it more clearly
than former Amba ssador TO Austria
Hungary Frederick G. Penfeld. who
said not LONG ago.
New Britain herald., 1919-01-04
Revolt Against ''FrightfuIness'

won Tripitz told Kaiser Wilhelm
that through the hellish instrument
tally of the undersea-boat Germany
could starVC England i'll sixty days.
Thercupon Great Britain drew vast
quantities of food from Australia,
from Canada, from New Zealand,
from the United States and other
quarters, and instead Of starving
England through the concentration of
effort more food was brought to Eng
land than they had ever had. The
undersea-boat sank hundreds of ships
and cost perhaps a quarter of a mil
lion lives, but it decided the war
against Germany. 1t aroused the
world against Germany because of the
inhuman acts of the commanders in
Staying women and children and non
combatants. The submarine brought
New Britain herald., 1919-01-04
Human Minds VS.. Mailed Fist

Human Minds VS.. Mailed Fist
One outstanding fact is patent in
discussion Of the future of the subma-
rine Public opinion has come to re-
gard it as the weapon of barbarlSm
when welded as Germany used 1t III
the destruction OF noncombatants, hos
Dital ships and the like. At no time
have the Allies or America stopped to
conouer as did Germany with her
fleets of submersibles. England has
conopiIed a long list Of U-boat cap
tains who as long as they live Will be
outlaws upon the face or the earth.
Defeated and chagrined, their U-boats
in disgrace, their undersea mariners
haunted by ghoulish memories, it is
unavoidable that Germany for the next
generation or two ever could moblllze
and put into active commission an
other unrestricted" U-bOat fleet. BY
the revolt Of the submarine sailors
themselves it is evident that the minds
of men emerge from the war stronger
than the mailed fist. Democratlzed
civilization will not tolerate the ruth
less brand of warfare from which the
world has recoiled and which reacted
to the vanquishment Of the mlghtlest
war machine the world had ever
known up until 1914
Science that gave the world the SUB
marine may settle the future OF the
scorpion of the deep" by providing an
antidote that will completely neutral
ize the sting" of the hidden monster.
Indeed it is not altogether unlikely
that when the curtain is fully lifted
and the remarkable exploits of our
naval scientists revealed it will be
found that the U-boat has been robbed
of it's terror. Already we know Of
depth bombs, nets, smoke screens,
"zgzagging, tcrpodOes, mines, sound
detectors, underwater guns, magnets
and various other anti-submarine de-
vices. Just a few days ago it was re-
vealed that the United States navy
had equipped vessels with a new kind
Of ears" with which it had been
possible to come SO close to U-bOat
that the pursuer had to ''lie to" in
the water to avoid collision with the
unsuspecting enemy. In peace time
the submarine may be made ineffec-
tuaI altogether for wartime.
Checkmate on War?
In the hands of the Hun the subma-
rine has proved Il power for evil. Be-
cause of the company it has kept it
stands blacklisted and must prove it.
self before the world. Submarine in
Ventors always have chung to the be-
lief that the supreme destiny Of the
submarine was to render maritime
wars between nations impossible
Pointing out that submarines cannot
fight submarines, Holland held that
eventually the submarine would drive
the battleship from the sea. Simon
Lake, another American inventor.
holds similar views. Under the can.
ton THE Destiny of the Submarine"
Lake says, among other things, in
his book entitled The Submarine in
War and Peace:
when the day comes that subma-
rines are equipped with engines of
SveÌŒt = World. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1911-1939, 1919-10-30
"No to bych rekl, re postal! !


jsem ohromny odbornik."
-"To jiste," pravil Montague.
"Bylo to skutecne velke ste
stf pro mne," del porucik. "Byl
bych sc octl jinak naramne
trapnem postaveni."
Mlcel chvili, pax pokraco-
val: "Nedovedete 81 ami pred
staviti, jak potizne je postave-
nj mas namornich dustojniku
Vite, ia myslim, re Sc tech
smlouvach musilo neco dostati
ma verejnost."
"Ale jdete", ",pravil Montague
Sc zajmem.
"Opravdu. Prisam buh, jiz
jsem chtel to mpsati vrchn.
mu velitelstvi. Byl jsem obte-
zovan nemene nez trikrate.'
"Skutecne?"
'Predstavte si!" vypravel
,porucik. "Takovy nejaky mia
dy clovek pouzil jednoho z
mych pratel dal Sc Cd neho
apredstaviti. Lepil Sc ma mne
cely vecer cestou domu spu-
still takovouhle: Ze pry slysel
Cd jednoho pritele z Washing
-tonu. re jsem jednim tech,
kdoz byli yyzvani k sepsani
specifikaci pro olejni smlou-
Wy valeeneho lod'stva; "a on
pry ma nektere pfatele, kteri
Sc zabyvaji olejem a ktefi by
mne mohli dobre poraditi. .Dal
mi ovSem ma srozumenou, ze
by to byla pro mne dobra vec.
+Povazte 81 jen!
"Dovedu 81 pfedstavit, jak
vam to bylo neprijemno.'
"Pravim vam, to veru donu-
tt cloveka k premySleni," pra~
vii porucik. "Vidite, lide v ma
81 sluzbe ,jsou vydani .podobs
nym vecem ustavicne, a nekte-
II z Mich snazi Sc zlti We vet
Sim slohu, nez staci jejich pfi-
jmy. To je vec, pred kterou Sc
musime miti vSichni ma pozo-
ru. Dovedu Sc. smirit uplace-
MIN politice a obchode, ale
kdyz jde vojsko a valecne
lod 'stvo - povidam vam, tn
jsem hotov k boil"
Montague nerikal mic. Ne
mel, co by ma to Tekl.
Gamble mi povidal neco,
re iste zaujat v boji proti o.
eelarskemu trustu," pravil po-
rucik. "Je to pravda?"
"Byla to pravda," odvetil
Montague. "Ale jsem 2 toho
jiz venku."
"Kdyz tax tom mluvime,
- take jsem jiz pTemyslel o
tom ocelarskem trustu,' pra-
vii porucik. "My We valecnem
lod'stvu, vite, take muzeme
chvilcmi do neho nahlednouti." !"
"To bych byl ami nefekl,"
pravil Montague.
'Zeptejte Sc kterehokoli clio
veka u mas" pravil porucik,
"Je to stara rama, kterou nosi-
me We svych dusich, ne
chce Sc zahojiti. Myslim ty
podvody s pancerovymi deska-
mi"
80 ano!" pravil Montague
Nosil v hlave velky seznam OBJ
zalob proti ocelarskym velmo-
zdm; ale ma tuto byl zapom-
mel.
ga tom vim zvlaste", po.
kracoval porucik, 'protoze
mGj otec byl pred patnacti le'
.ty We vySetrovaci komisi. Jsem
trochu ostry, pocnu-li tom
to predmete mluviti, ale men
Sc co diviti. To, co otec obje'
;. vii, zpGsobilo vlastne tehdy je
no smrt." W
Montague pohledel zvedavt
~ mladeho porucika, ktery
hledel pred sebe, ponofuje Sc
We chmurne myslenky. "Te1
ko rici, jak cloveku manor
niho lod'stva je!" pravil. "Ri
ka Sc nam, re nase lode ubira
il Sc do lTicheho oceanu, a zt
L
SveÌŒt = World. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1911-1939, 1919-10-30

rodal Wade "a ctyrnasobnou
leb petinasobnou cenu, co sku-
etne staly. Vezmete, jen je-
len pripad, ktery dobfe znam,
."Oregon". Nam dnes ma
)alube teto lodi .bratra. Ia
5panelske valky celia zeme il
'ledovala a modlila Sc "a nj.
\ ia mohl bych jiti ma palubu
me valecne lodi a poloziti prst
la misto V jeji strelovzdorne
elitelske vezi, kde je celia ra-
la otvoru zrovna prostredkem
elm - otvoru to, ktere stary
harrison navrtal a ucpal pal
dusy zeleza. Kdyby takova
olotna byla zasazena grana-
.em, roztristi Sc jakoby byla ze
skla."
"Ale pax tedy - jak Wy o
ON vite?" tazal Sc Montague.
"Ja?" pravil porucik. "Pro-
oze mil otec mel pred sebou
listorii one pancerove desky
ID chvile, kdy byla vyrobena,
VI do jejiho pripevneni: pu-
1odni opisy tovarnich zaznamG
ored jejich "'opravenlm" a pri
'ezna prohlaseni delnika, kite
y praci tn provadel. Mel to-
ez vsak jest6 o stu jinych pri-
oadech. Znam muze, ktery
Ines ma vSechny ty papiry."
"Viditc,' pokracoval poru-
TX po chv1li, "vladni specifi-
kace zadaly, re kazda deska
ma byti podrobona presne sta
novenemu postupu zpracovani
a tovarni zaznamy kazde des
ce byly uschovany. Ale ovSem
spravne provedeni techto pred
pisu bylo by vyzadovalo o.
aromne obnosy, a pax jeste
sta desek bylo by spatnych.
'roto kdyz tovarni zaznamy
pfi;lIy do kancelare, mlady
.Engham a. Davidson NELL je
prehlizeti, upraviti a uvesti v
souhlas S normalnim predpi-
sem, a tfmto zpusobem tito
brillantni mladici vydelali ony
Denfze, ktere dnes utraceji S
divkami z divadelnich sborG a
hereckami. Sepisovali vzdy
move zaznamy, ale nekterych
pripadech zapomneli stare "a
znamy zniciti, nekdo V kance-
lafi je schoval a tax sc vlada
zmocnila tohoto tajemstvi."
''Zni to skoro neuveritelne!" !"
SveÌŒt = World. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1911-1939, 1919-10-30
"Vezmeme ma priklad histo-

"Vezmeme ma pfiklad histo-
desky H 619 z "Oregonu","
pravil porucik. ITO byla jed
ma 2 cele skupiny desk, ktera
byla vybrana k ballistickym
zkouskam v Indian Head.
Kdyz byla vybrana, wall il v
noci tajne do tovarnya tajne il
trikrate podrobili novemu pro-
cesu, a tn ovSem obstala pfi
zkouSkach a celia skupina byla
tim uznana "a dobrou."
"Co Sc pax stalo?" tazal Sc
Montague.
"To vite, pramalo," pravil
porucik. "Vlada nemohla sc
odvaziti, ably Sc skutecnymi
fakty sla ma verejnost. Ale Ii
lie uvnitr valecneho lod'stva
edeli to, a bude sc ma to pa
atovati tax dlouho, pokud 10
{ potrvaji. Jak jsem rekl, to
;abilo meho otce."
Coz ii lid6 unikli uplne
.restu?"
"Byla ustanovena vysetrujici
omise a Wade byla priTknu-
a nahrada kolem sesti set tisic
lollaru. Prave nyni je zde V
lotelu jeden muz, ktery by
yam mohl re zakulisi teto veci
nnoho sdeliti." A porucik "a
1lcel sc rozhledl Sc kolem
ebe. Nahle povstal, sci k Ia
)radli a zavolal ma muze, KITE
y kracel po druhe strane uli-
ce.
"Hello, Bates, "pravil, "pojd'
e SEMI
90! Bates z "Express"?"
oravil Montague.
"Vy jej znate?" tazal Sc po-
'ucik. Hello, Bates! Co pax
ste Sc dial preloziti do redak-
mi casti pro spolecnost?"
"Shanim interviewy", odpo-
ved6l tento. "Jak Sc vede, pa
ne Montague? TEST mne, re
7as opet vidim."
"Pojd'te SEM, zval porucik
"a sednete 81 k nam. Hovoril
jsem prave S panem Monta-
ruem o podvodu S pancefovy-
nj deskami," dodal, kdyz Sc
Gates posadil. "Pravil jsem
mu, re znate tn historic o vlad
aim -vySetTovani. Bates poha-
Il totiz z Pittsburghu, vite
mad?"
"Ano, vim to-" del Monta-
que.
(Pokratovani.>
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-03-28
Colin v. Dyment srarrics.

The marriage of DIR. Bertha Stuart
physical director at Reed College
to Lieutenant Violin V. Dyment,
dean of the University of WASH
ington school of Journalism, took
place in Paris August 20. 1918, ac-
cording to announcement just made
in Eugene upon the arrival of Lieu
tenant and Mrs. Dyment from France,
where Lieutenant Dyment was with
the 91st Division and DIR. Stuart in
hospital work for French babies Both
were formerly members of the faculty
of the University of Oregon and are
known in Pendleton.