The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-03

| ON september 2S, 1913, ALEXANDER
l.. the Gar OF Russia. who. was as pro-
lihc In idealistic speeches and neb,ilcus
altruistlo seneralities as some Of our
modern statesmen, proclaimed the Holy
Alliance and asked the other Powers to
join.s Nearly every State in Europe be-
came a member OF this Holy Alliance
Great Britain Endorsed II by a letter
from the Regent. The Holy Alliance
agreed: ~ Cd, .t
| ITO take for their sole guide the
precepts of that holy religion, namely,
the precepts Of Justice. Christian char
ity and peace. as being the only means
OF consolidating human institutions and
,remedying their imperfectlons. The
monarchs engage to regard themselves
toward their subjects and armies as
fathers OF families and to lead them in
the same spirit OF fraternity with which
they are animated and protect general
peace and Justice. 90. ....
IN the construction OF Article X Il
will require neither astute lawyer nor
cunning diplomat to apply external ag-
gression to amy form OF Internal revolu-
ton which II was feared might be COM
municated to neighborins States. II was
exactly upon this theory that internal
revolution was held by Meternich and
his associates TO be within the jurisdic-
tioh OF the Quadruple Alliance of a
century ago under its obligation to pre-
serve treaties.
Covenant Bears n Resemblance.
I'm its preamble the League OF Ma
tons provides:
The high contracting parties in or
der to promote International cooperation
to achieve international peace and Sc
curity - by the maintenance Of
Justice and a sorupulous respect for all
treaty obligations In the dealings OF or
ganixed peoples with one another agree
to this covenant
And then in Article 10 the members
Of the league for themselves undertake
TO respect, and far beyond undertaking
to respect they agree to preserve as
against external aggression the terri
torial integrity and existing political in
dependence of all members of the
league. And II this were not enough to
involve us in any dispute or controversy,
external or internal, which might affect
the territorial integrity and existing po-
litical independence Of the members OF
the league. Article 10 takes cognizance
not only Of any such external aggression
but specifically takes cognizance too of
any threat or danger OF such aggression.
1t does not need precedent nor the con-
struction put upon the maintenance of ex-
10 enable us to understand that danger
of such aggression may be any kind of
revolution. rebellion Internal or external
controversy or difficulty of any charac-
ter. t..
ut Is unthinkabie that any American
wrote Article 10. 1t is unthnkable that
any American can subscribe to Article
10. Those who penned this provision
knew exactly what they meant and ex-
. urtI xrho inta
lous care the provision was designed to
preserve for all time existing Govern
mcnts and the territorial integrity of ex-
isting Governments. How best could this
guaranty. in the light of world events
and In the kaleidoscope changes of the
last few years. be accomplished?
THE shrewd nationalist Of Europe or
tho able diplomat OF the Orient taking
J unto his country the immense new ter
ritories acquired by the peace at once
would realize that the only substantial
guaranty in the world OF the stability
o. his country and OF the preservation
of its enormous gains in territory and
people would be the great free giant
, Democracy. the United States.
: Would Ensnare United States.
And this League of Nations is writ
ten around the one centre idea that
!, States shall guarantee. maintain and
preserve the British Empires boundaries
; with it's seething millions of discon.
tented peoples the increased territories
I of France the vastly extended bound.
aries OF Italy throbbing with revolu
, ton; and the rape OF China by Japan
This League OF Nations. with III,
men who really wrote II. was meant L
v obtain peace only in so far as peace
1 maintained forever inviolate their ter
, rltories and their subject peoples anc
: II was meant that this kind of peace
should be obtained by the exercise o.
Z the power and the force OF the United
States - 80 '"<."-
How can any man OF liberal view,
agree to answer Article X? When
= speak OF me- OF liberal views I NEAR
those whose hearts throb in unison will
a humanity: those who believe Govern
. ment's obligation is first to men anC
women and children. The section freezes
the world into immutablity. IT arrogate.
: to those of US who are here to-day
knowledge superior to that OF all thos,
who shall come hereafter. II makes tn.
b. present generation decide the fate OF al
= future generations 1t takes no heet
OF new world events of ever changing
advances and progress. It assumes to
: day TO be the end and that the men o
Q to-day may write the history OF to
morrow"
cit. assumes to put the world in
; straitJacket wherein there can be n
: movement for betterment, or progress
o or humanity But beyond and abov
: all this the maintenance Of the stati
condition can be accomplished by tn
: blood OF just one nation and that 1
= ours. Are you ready. Americans, t
pledge your sons and your sons son
to maintain and preserve for a
> time the present governments of tn
h little nations We are setting up 4
: Eui ope and the present governments an
9 boundaries OF the British and tn
= Japanese empires?'
} Monroe Doctrine Not safeguarded
j. Turning to the Monroe Doctrin
Is Senator johnson recalled how in tn
II FIRST draft OF the covenant 1t had bee
10 deliberately strapped" how it wa
IT claimed to be. protected and Insured b
e the amendment later inserted reading
o Article 81. Nothing in this covenar
l. shall be deemed to affect the validit
OF international engagements, such a
c treaties Of arbitration or regional UT
"a derstandings like the Monroe Doctrin
d for securing the maintenance OF peace,
: Senator johnson proceeded:
ia What Is meant by the language
: Nothing in the covenant shall b
4 deemed to affect the validity OF regions
n understandings like the Monroe Doc
a trine for securing the maintenance c
"a peace? The language certainly doe
N not mean what the nation demanded
" that the Monroe Doctrine should b
N.l