davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1919-09-21

those days men spoke of him as one who would
go far. and in all probability would lead the
liberal party with which he had cast in his for
tunes. Personally he seemed devoid of any such
ambition, rather regarding a parliamentary
career as the natural thing to be entered upon
by Grey, who had inherited estate and
wealth sufficient to remove him from the neces-
sity of scrambling for the prizes in any walk
of life.
X X \ X
When the liberals came into period Of un-
certain and embarrassed power in 1892. Sir Ed
ward Grey took his natural place the deputy
of Lord Rosebery at the foreign Office. His
detachment of mind from the ordinary party
passions. and from the issues that moved. most
deeply, the more hectic politicians, marked him
out for foreign affairs. 1t Is true that at that
time he seemed to have made deep study
of the problems of Europe, and was even def
cient in that knowledge of languages regarded
as essential to the diplomatist, but he had the
temper in affairs that found its natural atmos-
phere in the foreign Office. The 1ethargy of
disposition which he wore in public was decep-
tive. He set himself to understand foreign
politics; he learned French; in few months
he commanded the respect of the most formid-
able of his antagonists in the commons. He
had found his right meter and he never looked
back.
had ended a political opponent wrote of Sir
Edward Grey-he did not become Viscount
Grey and enter the house Of lords until 1915:
I'm some respects he is the most interesting
figure in our political life today. He is acknowl-
edged a patriot and a hfgh-minded politician
by the foremost men the unionist side. de-
spite the fact that he condemns their foreign
policy-and he is regarded by very many Of
the liberal rank and file as the some-day leader
of their party" That estimate is not strikingly
different from another by a radical journalist,
writing ten years later: "If one were asked
to say whose word carried the most weight in
parliament today. there could. think, be only
one answer Whether in Office or out Of office.
whether to friend or foe, Sir Edward Grey is
fntrinsically the weightiest speaker of his
time Other men speak from the bar;
he speaks from the bench. He does not argue;
he delivers judgment
X X X X
Extracts SUCH as these might be quoted end
Evening star., 1919-09-21

man in whom all the powers had the greatest
common measure of trust
Writing of him at this period, before the
outbreak of war in 1914, and when Europe was
still striving to clear up the difficulties left
over from tho Balkan outbreaks, distinguished
publcfst safd: "All the governments come
and dump their difficulties at his front door
and beg him to find way out for them. No
matter what blunderS may be committed, or
what weakness and folly may be displayed by
any of the governments he is supposed to be
able to put 1t all right by wave of his hand"
Two years after that was written Earl
Curzon speaking from his place in the house
of lords, said: During the whole Course of
my public life have been in opposition to
Sir Edward Grey . He is the senior for
eiEn minister in Europe. He has won the
confidence Of all the ambassadors and repre-
sentatives Of foreign powers by his absolute
integrity, by his disinterested action and by his
inyariable courtesy of temper and tone" It
was a very real loss to the peace conference
at Paris that, owing to political and personal
differences at home, the -uneQualed experience,
the wide knowledge and the urbanity of char
acter of Viscount Grey could not be made avail
able in the councils Of the allies. Upon him.
in common with Mr.. Asquith. had lain the
tremendous decisions which carried Great
Britain into the war, and it was his hand which
guided the allied councils in the first two years;
"such difficult task" again to quote Lord
Curzon, "as no foreign minister has ever had
to face in our time" Freedom from Office
however, enabled viscount Grey to raise his
voice on platforms at homo as the most power
ful advocate Of the league Of nations.
X 4
Perhaps the most striking fact about the
advance Of viscount Grey in the confidence of
his countrymen is its ordered and leisurely
progress. Upon no one definite incident can one
set finger and say, Here Grey made'a great
step forward. or there be revealed hitherto
suspected powers" His growth has been a
continuous process since he first entered the
house Of commons. as member for Berwick at
the age Of twanty-three, straight from Oxford
University, where he had been ono Of DR..
Jowett's pupils He brought to parliament some
thing Of the aloofness Of the Oxford manner.
. calm self-possession in speech, and q serious
ness Of pose somewhat unusual in one who
was an athlete, q champion at the real TEMPS
Of the inclosed courts. hy-hsher and q student
Of wild life and the countrywide. Yet. even in
Evening star., 1919-09-21
SCHOOLS. AND MISSIONS SEEN
WHERE ONCE TROD BUCCANEER

Romance and adventure cling about
the pellucid waters of the Caribbean
sea. Sudden death by cutlass, pistol.
fire and by walking the plank were
once daily incidents in that pirate
infested region, where the Jolly
Roger fiew at the masthead of near
ly half the ships that cruised the
waters of the Greater and Lesser
Antilles.
Boyish hearts by the million have
since beaten high with excitement
as tales of the Spanish main have
been. devoured. and eyes and ears
immune to the sights and sounds OF
daily life have seen the black flag,
with it's skull and crossbones. hoist
ed on many q. ship; watched the buc-
cancers overtake fleeing merchant
man with all sails set-a Spanish
galleon filled with gold and silver
and precious stones and beautiful
senoritas-board the prize, kill its
crew and make the women walk the
plank; and heard the clash of cutlass
against steel and the roar of the
'lOnS LOtuS 40 Illcy cPos haO OoNfA
and forth from merchantmen to
pirate ship.
Stars and Stripes Now Seen.
Where once the ships Of Edward
Teach, infamous in history as BLACK
beard; Of Sir Henry Morgan. Mans-
field, Capt. Kidd. stede Bonnet
Charles Gibbs. LOlloinois. Pierre le
Grand and others piled the waters Of
''the American Mediterranean" with
the black Tag at their mastheads. now
the Stars and Stripes may be seen
proudly flying from American vessels
as they seek out tropical fruits to de-
light the palates Of those who dwell
in the north temperate zone.
Where once trod buccaneer on the
soil Of Tortuga, Hispaniola, Cuba, Por-
to Rico. st. Croix, st. Thomas and
other islands of the West Indies may
now be found the schools and mis-
sions Of the Episcopal Church. minis
tering to the minds, bodies and souls
Of white man and black man alike. 1t
is planting the cross where once the
skull and crossbones ruled supreme.
Ana, xhraukh ia 0atieurXtdA cam.
Evening star., 1919-09-21
Viscount Grey: A Character Study
Writes of Career and Personality of King Georges New
Ambassador to the United States

lessly. They illustrate the contin-
uous hold that Sir Edward Grey
has had over the minds of his
countrymen. His grip. has never
failed. Yet he does not rank
among the orators of Great Britain.
He has nothing of the passion. the
range of invective and appeal that
Mr.. Lloyd George commands. He
lacks the epigrammatic briiliance
and the rotund phrase of Mr.. Win
ston Churchill He has not the
lofty idealism and the moving elo-
quence of the Cecils. He is near
est in manner to Mr.. Asquith. al
though he has not the glow that
Mr.. Asquith sometimes imparts to
his theme. A marked economy of
words, a directness of statement, a
clearness Of thought. and fine re-
straint of manner-these are the
marks of viscount Grey's public
speeches. His aspect is reserved,
perhaps even little cold, but be-
hind his words the thought is clear
and pellucid. and the mode of say
ing whatever he has to say carries
conviction to his audience. With
out being an orator, in the ordinary
meaning of the word. Viscount Grey
has achieved great triumphs in ora
tory, if the purpose of speech be to
convince and to carry an audience
with one.
X X X x
To the question wherein lies
viscount Grey's influence over his
countrymen there can be but one
answer. 1t springs from character.
He is sincere man, and he gener-
ates confidence. Men feel in deal
ing with him, as it were, in their
bones, that he would be incapable
Of a mean action or of double deal
ing of any kind. What he says he
means, and he says what he feels
with direct and artless simplicity.
His is great personality. rather
than brilliant intellect. Character
tells highly with parliament; it tells
even more highly with watchful and
suspicious opponents in the chancel-
leries of Europe. Sir Edward Grey
succeeded as foreign minister be-
cause his opponents fnstinctively
felt that he despised the ordinary
- onA that m
Evening star., 1919-09-21
Army Nav Adopt One Type of Shoe

Efforts are being made to obtairkf
single type of shoe for the Army. En-
periments are being conducted to de-
termine whether by adding hob naiIs
to the garrison shoe and applyihEE
dublin treatment for field wear, thar
shoe can be made to serve all Army
puxDoBeAs -, = -. -
Evening star., 1919-09-21


what he said, about which there could be am
biguity, he would stand rock.
That impression of strength. of frmness.
of sureness in himself is heightened by the
appearance of Viscount Grey. One recalls him
back through the years from the days when
he first came to Westminster, little more than
a slim and handsome boy. and the impression
is always the same. He has aged in the thirty
years. and the face has taken on deeper lines
, and an older aspect, but the marks of an un-
usual mind were there in he beginning. The
form Of Sir Edward Grey is tall and strong
and loose, becomes one who is still an ath-
lete and follower Of outdoor pursuits. and
the face is that of a man whom anybody, meets
ing casually, would at once accept as of dis
tinction. The features are deeply cut and fine
ly chiselled. He has great nose, and a firm.
yet mobile, mouth. The expression Of the
face is almost remote, little dreamy at times.
the eyes calm and blue. The owner Of these
features, ONE feels. would be free from the emo
tions that affect even strong men in trying SIT
uations, so marked is the self-possession Of the
Yet this outward appearance is but q
natural mask to feelings that are deep and
strong viscount Grey has too often pleaded
great causes and championed fine ideals to lay
himself open to the suspicion that behind all
the outward coolness there does not burn a
mind that can spring to hame at q breath.
Great as has been the career of viscount
Grey, the suspicion creeps in sometimes that
he has been driven throughout by his high and
inherited sense Of public duty. Had he fol-
lowed his personal inclinations he would. in all
PROBABILITY. have lived the squire Of Fallo-
don, his estate in Northumberland. have fshed
its streams with the dry-ny, and studied the
wild nature about his home. 1t is at least re-
markable that his one contribution to literature
should have been a book on fy-fshing. and that
whenever the affairs Of state have given him
momentary relief he has turned gladly to his
native hills. Fate and the conviction Of his
unusual powers have been too strong for him.
They have carried him forward until he was
the most notable figure among the interna-
tional politicians Of Europe. They have led to
his selection. with the hearty approval Of men
Of all parties in the state, the representa-
tive Of Great Britain in the United States.
Evening star., 1919-09-21

paign, now in progress in the United
States, expects greatly to expand its
work in the Antilles.
Columbus, the discoverer Of the new
world. planted the seeds Of piracy in
the West Indies-seeds that were
nurtured into full growth through the
rapacious greed of Spain. Columbus
seized the gold, and precious jewels
of the aboriginal dwellers on the
islands of the Caribbeans, captured
many and sent them as slaves to
Spain.
Spain, with true pirate instinct, op-
pressed and robbed the natives until
they were practically extinct and then
oppressed her own colonials in the
islands through her monopolistic pol
icy toward them, which deprived
Buccaneering resulted from Spain's
harsh commercial treatment of her
colonists, and out Of the buccaneers
developed the pirates. who were not
finally cleared from Caribbean waters
until 1928.
The Island Of San-Domingo, or Haiti
or Hispaniola, as it Is now known, was
one of those almots depopulated by
the oppressive colonial policy of
Spain. Her imposed monopolies de-
prived the isolated settlements along
uce. English, Dutch and French ves-
sells were welcomed and their cargoes
purchased.
Illicit Butcher Trade Develops.
Trimmed Of its Inhabitants. the island
became the home Of immense herds of
wild cattle. It soon became the habit
of the smuggfers to provision here.
The Inhabitants were skillful at pre-
serving the flesh Of the wild cattle at
their boucans. or establishments. The
adventurers in the Caribbeans soon
learned boucaning, or Jerking" the
meat themselves. and gradually His
panfela became the scene of an ex-
tensive illicit butcher trade.
The adventurers who deded Spain's
monopolies and got their boucaned
meat on Hispaniola soon came to be
known as buccaneers. They quickly
became imbued with a natural hate OF
everything Spanish. because of Spain's q
monopolies. The pleasure of their
rough life was intensified by occa-
sional skirmishes with the Spanish
forces They soon sought additional
pleasure Of the sort in hunting out
and attacking the Spanish authorities
and soldiers.
Out of such conditions arose buc-
caneering on the Sapnish main. The
buccaneer was alternately sailor and
haatex and occasionally Qlantes-1foH-
Evening star., 1919-09-21

ing. bold, rnscrupulous, often savage
in intense destation of Spain. AZ
Spain would not recognize the rights
Of other races to make settlements OF
even to trade in the West Indies, the
governments of France. England and
their subjects who invaded the Carib-
bean Islands. leaving them free to
make their. own settlements at their
own risks. Thus the Brethren of the
Coast" as they called themselves,
came into existence.
Buccaneering soon became a profit
able employment, operations were ex-
tended and storehouses were needed
secure from Spanish attack. For this
purpose the small island Of Tortuea,
northwest Of Hispaniola, was seized in
1880 and converted into q magazine
for goods, while the larger island re-
ma1ned their hunting ground.
spain's Attack on, Tortuga.
Eight years later Spain attacked
Tortuga, while most of the buccaneers
were absent and killed all she could
lay hands on. The others returned
and began to receive recruits from
every nation Of Europe. For three
quarters of a century thereafter the
buccaneers became the scourxe of
the Spanish american trade and do
minion: They began attacking Span
ish ships singly wherever they en-
countered them upon the seas, kill
ing or capturing their crews and
dividing their treasures Of gold, sill
ver, jewels and stores among the
pirate sailors. They would repair
mostly to Jamaica, where. they would
sell their spoils and live riotously
for a few weeks until their money
was gone. Then they would set out
again. seeking more Spanish mer-
chantmen to despoil.
The buccaneers became so bold and
SO numerous that soon they would
not hesitate to engage Spanish man
of-war and frequently came out vic
tors in such an encounter. Spain
then began the practice of having
her plate ships meet at Cartagena,
Porto Bello or other port and start
for home waters in groups Of half q
dozen or more. But they found the
buccaneers no less ready to attack
and Just as often successful and the
Spanish flag began to disappear from
the Spanish main.
Evening star., 1919-09-21
British Journalist
BY ALFRED II. WATSON,
General Manager, Westminstsr
Gazette.

1SCOUNT GREY, K. G., the
new British ambassador to
" the United States. is the
v last representative Of the
great whig tradition in the
United Kingdom. Not only is he
the last survivor Of great school
in politics. liberal by conviction
and conservative in temperament;
he combines in himself the most
characteristic qualities of the whig
nobility-their urbanity. their clear
ness of vision, their sane outlook
on the world about them.
He traces his descent back, al
though not in the direct lines, to
that Earl Grey of Howick, who was
prime minister when the reform
bill OF 1882 was carried, whose lofty
eloquence won an oft-quoted tribute
from Lord Macaulay, and whose
memory is recorded in the chief
public monument of Newcastle-on-
Tyne, The Greys. have been asso-
c1ated with Northumberland for
generations, and have given to the
" nation long line of men conspic-
NNAS 40 Vic SCI N1CC VI llto SIdIG. NO
figure occupies so splendid a posi-
e. ton in that family gallery as that
of Viscount Grey. He has made the
family name known and respected
in every quarter OF the globe.
X X X X
Today viscount Grey is fifty
seven. not old as British statesmen
go. and he has been out Of Office for
nearly three years. Yet when he
left office with Mr.. Asquith in. De-
cember, 1916. he had been foreign
minister of. Great Britain for i
longer. continuous period, with one
exception. than any other man in
history. He was by far the senior,
so far as length of service went, of
the foreign ministers of Europe,
- When he came to the councils of
Europe he took precedence natur-
ally. not only because of his longer
acquaintance with the topics under
discussion, but because he was tho
Evening star., 1919-09-21
Pirates Followed Buccaneers.

The pirates followed the buccaneers
Chief among them were Edward
Tech, the Infamous 'Blackbeard": /:
Charles Bibbs, Steede Bonnet and
Capt. Robert Kidd. The latter. be-
cause he once happened to bury some
treasure on GARDENERS Island, on the
Long Island coast, with the permis-
sion of the owner, has sent more per-
sons to digging for buried treasure
than all the other pirates and bandits
of history combined. No treasure
supposed to have been buried by him
has ever bean, uneaethsd. 49,.
Evening star., 1919-09-21
Italians Supported Rumanians.

The necessity Of restoring some
kind Of federation Of Danubian states
has been appreciated with growing
clarity in Great Britain in recent
months The French never lost sight
wholly Of the value OF Austria Hun
gary in the European balance, but the
difhculty was and remains Italy. ana
the several races Of Austria Hungary
themselves. Up to the present time
the Italians have been successful IN
paralyzing any allied effort TO COM
pose the auarrels between the sep
arate nationalities. They have eager.
ly supported tho Rumanians against
the Serbs.
They have at least encouraged the
Hungarians against the Serbs also,
and they frankly advocate the union
Of the Germans Of Austria with the
German empire. This Is the real OBJ
stacle. Exactly as Bulgaria was
moved against Serbia by. Austria ana
Serbia against Bulgaria by Russia In
the evil days which preceded ana led
to the world war. the newly Bal
kanized regions Of the Danube are be-
ginning to be the field for new In
trtgue and the jealousies OF little
peoples are being stimulated In order
to prevent that fusion between the
little peoples which would be At once
prosperous for them and fatal For the
ambitions Of larger nations.
(SGpYxiRht lHln' nGefHuHn Ma1lnanRE ,64n1 13eafnl
Evening star., 1919-09-21
First Indication of Drift.

Tho hrst indication of such an in
evitable drift is disclosed in the Aus
trian demand to be permitted to enter
the German empire. This has been
momentarily refused by the Paris con-
ference. which has compelled the Ger
mans to amend their new constitution
by removing provisions for the ad-
mission of Austria, and by compel
ling tho Austrians to renounce their
desire for such amalgamation. But
the Paris conference cannot perma-
nently prevent six or seven millions
Of German-speaking people from de-
Gliding their own desttnies even IL the
Evening star., 1919-09-21
Obstacle to Federation.

To any federation of the various
races Of central Europe there is in adj
dition to the obstacle created by nm
tual hostilities the not considerable
barrier erected by the aspirations of
great powers. II the British and the
French. like the Americans, would
welcome the erection Of q United
States Of the Danube. nothing could
be more undesirable from the italian
point of viewl Such a state would
infallibly dispute with Italy posses
sion of the eastern shore of the
Adrtatic, supremacy in Albania,
Greece in her turn. If only for pro-
lection against Italy, would fnd her
way into such a confederation and
italian hopes in the Aegean would
likewise be brought to nothing
AS a consequence the Italian policy
with respect OF the old Austria Hun
gary must be exactly what the
French policy was in the case Of Ger
many for several centuries If French
predominance on the continent were
to be maintained 1t was always essen
tial that the rivalries between the
Ppussians and the Bavarians should
be stimulated, and Austria and Prus-
sia remain foes. The union of Ger
many marked the loss by France Of
her dominant position on the conti-
nent. In the same way q federation
between the various races Of central
Europe would be fatal to Italian poll
icy and purpose. !.
Evening star., 1919-09-21

trance of Austria into the German
empire, while this later Circumstances
would. in turn, make theientrance OF
Czechoslovakia, into the German en-
pire almost equally certain.
It has become common saying that
one of the consequences Of the world
war was to. .Balkanixe central Europe.
It is patent that this new Balkan
equilibrium. like the old. is entirely
unstable. The new states which have
been created in conformity with
ethnfc conditions and racial asptr4-
tions are several Of them economically
impossible. II they can Substitute for
their old articles Of association . new
partnership based upon equality, then
most. II not all, OF the rivalries and
jealousies which for the. present mo-
ment are paralyzing the peace con-
ference will disappear. Members OF
a United States Of the Danube. the
various nationalities, would, little by
little, sink their hostilities precisely
as the older rivalries between various
Of the colonies disappeared as the
United states Of America became a
fact.
Failing such fusion. the ultimate
rise of a German dominated mittel-
europa seems inevitable, while before
this logical solution arrives there Will
be an ever-increasing chaos. economic
paralysis, racial and tribal conflict
Moreover. II such a mitteleuropa ar.
rives; then the victory OF the present
war will simply have postponed and
not at all prevented German domina-
tien of Europe.
Evening star., 1919-09-21

decision carries them into the Ger
man empire, and thus adds new
strength to that empire. This is pretty
clearly recognized already in many
allied quarters.
But if Austria presently joins Ger
many the position of Czechoslovakia
becomes instantly impossible. This
state will be incloSed on three sides
by the new Germany: all its practica-
Bile exits to the sea and to the outside
world will be in German hands. while
the fact that it includes very con-
siderable German minority on it's own
soil will not only incite, but. in
measure, justify German insistence
upon including this territory in the
new Germany. But here, by the addi-
ton of Austria and Czechslovakia to
Germany there will be created in cen
trail Europe a German state having
more than S0.000,00O of population.
Nor is the fate Of Hungary less pat
ent. AS a result Of the war Hungary
has become a mere fragment, without
frontiers, indefensible, economically
impossible. all it's outlets in the hands
of enemy tribes. Nothing is more GER
tain than that Hungary will follow
the road of Austria and in fits turn
become a member of the German con-
federation unless European states
manship can substitute a more fayora-
BILE course, and such a course can only
be discovered in a restoration of the
old economic association with the
Austrian. the Czech and the Hun