davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Rail Plus
Water

To speak of the railways here as
mere feeders for any waterway plan,
however mprehensive, is to distort
the matter and throw it out of logical
proportions. With us it must be rail
and water together; neither contend
ing for supremacy, but both joined for
true economic service. That part of
the service which the waterway can
best render will fall to the waterway;
the railroad will infalibly find its
place in the scheme
A modern transportation system
must consist of something more than
the means of moving freight about
from place to place. A camel of the
desert or llama train in the Andean
country can do that. The barges of
the fur traders did it. First and last.
the old steamboats, carried lot Of
stuff. Any means will do if neither
time nor cost is an object. But when
we vision a system equal to the task of
serving the needs of group of
twenty one industrial states with n
population of nearly fifty millions. it is
plain that pack camcls or go-carts or
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

$9,000,000 Italy also receives $780,
100000 a month under this pro-
vision
1t was necessary to enable the
enemy countries - Germany, Ger
man-Austria, Bulgaria and Moham-
medan Turkey-to obtain food as
measure of self-protection for
the rest of the world, even though
the sentimental appeal was lacking,
in order to forestall and check so
far as possible the rise and spread
of anarchy, which hunger fosters.
These countries were specifically
excluded by Congress from partici-
pating in the benefits of the $780,
100000 relief appropriation. Ger
many and--it seemed probable
Bulgaria also would be able to paw
cash for the food allotted them or
otherwise offer shipping or COM
modities in exchange, but Austria
is PROSTATE and cannot. For Aus
tria, therefore, Mr.. Hoover arranged
through the United States Treasury
that advances should be made to
England, France and Italy for the
purchase of food in the United
States, and that these countries in
turn should accept Austrian securi-
ties and advance the food to her.
AS for the neutrals, such sup
plies as it is possible to send to them
are arranged for on a commercial
basis.
There remained, then, the newly
liberated peoples and those thor
oughly pillaged and devastated by the
Central Powers, helpless to provide
security accepta BILE as a basis for
loans from our Treasury, for whom
every appeal in sentiment and JUS
tice called for immediate help.
To provide for them President
Wilson, then in Paris, proposed to
Congress the appropria ton of $780,
100000. After lorg debate in Con-
gress the bill was finally passed, and
on February "a the President signed
it, on the same day naming Herbert
Hoover Director General, with
authority to establish an American
relief administration. The Presi-
dent had previously contributed S5,-
100000 from his special funds for
extraordinary expenses.
For the physical handling of all
the food that goes into Europe from
the United States, amounting as, as
has been said, to a total of S11S,OOO,-
900 every month, the American re-
lief administration employs the food
administration grain corporation.
Without this organization, already
in existence and equipped to pur-
chase this food in the American
markets and direct it's shipment
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

of the poor among the populations
that have been robbed and left with
cut resources by the Germans and
their allies. These little children,
weakened by poor and insufficient
food, will be the victims of tubercu-
losis and similar diseases bred by
malnutrition, and unless they can
be given special foods adapted to
their needs and special care beyond
what is in any way possible through
the regular channels of the immense
government projects, which cannot
deal with individuals, hundreds of
thousands of them will be prevented
from reaching maturity of useful
citizenship. This vitality necessary
aid can be extended only through
benevolence.
The whole machinery of the
American Relief Administration
will be utilized in making this
charity effective. The administra-
ton co0perates with the organiza-
tons that are working in the United
States for the relief of various races
and regions in war devastated Eu-
rope, and, indeed, for most of these
regions such help could not be sent
without the cooperation of the A.
R. A.
The supplying of relief where it
is required follows the receipt of
money more expeditiously than was
ever possible before in such an un-
dertaking. 1t is only a matter of
hours after money is received at
the New York office Of the A. R. A.
before the supplies are being dis
tributed to their recipients in Eu-
rope.
Associated with Mr.. Hoover in
the direction of the American Relief
Administration as joint director for
the United States are Edgar Rick
ard and Theodore F. Whitmarsh,
with offices at 115 Broadway, New
York City, the American headouar-
ters. Mr.. Richard has been associ-
ated with Mr.. Hoover in the Belgian
relief work and the United States
food administration from the begin
ming of each. Mr.. Whitmarsh was
one of his associates in the food
administration.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Where Credit
Is Due

Incidentally, it is doubtful if this
tremendous programme of supply
ing Europe with American food
could have been carried through I'M
der the existing conditions of wide
spread disruption due to the war if
it had not been for the Food Admin
lstration Grain Corporation, the
$150,000,000 government corpora
ton, which, under the guidance of
able business men who separated
themselves from their own inter-
ests to aid Hoover in handling the
wheat problem, had built up a
marvellously efficient machine for
purchasing and shipping foodstufs
to Europe. Certainly it could not
have been accomplished without far
greater difficulty. The Grain Cor
poration took over the whole enter
prise of the physical handling of the
supplies distributed by the Ameri-
can Relief Administration, purchas-
ing them in United States markets
and laying them down in European
ports as designated by Director
General Hoover.
Mr.. Hoover had prepared a COM
rrehensive outline of the organiza-
ton of all forces, European and
American, before leaving America
in November, but it was not possible
to coordinate all of the Allied coun-
tries and those to be relieved until
early January, when his plan, prac-
tically without change, was adopted.
In effect this accomplished unifica-
ton of food control for all Europe
similar to the military unity that
had been established under Marshal
Foch, with the United States Food
Administrator as Director General
of Relief, acting under the Supreme
War Council.
Thus was secured coordination in
all relief work by all the associated
governments. 1t has continued since,
with one slight change in form, for
the purpose of securing still further
coordination of all forces bearing on
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Bringing Back the Boats to the Mississippi

Like the ox-drawn prairie schooner of
the early land hunter, the oldtime
steamboat on the Mississippi was
merely an expedient. Under the best
of the old conditions it never promised
to become anything more than make
SHIFT After trying to be honestly
serious in reckoning with it I am
tempted to lapse into the easy obscure
rhetoric of that Nebraskan and say
that early steamboat freighting on the
Mississippi was merely surrounded by
the surroundings which surrounded it.
There was in it no quality of perma-
hence; it was not even to be modified
into a permanent institution. Wholly
unlike the Great Lakes traffic, it had
insuperable limitations
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

For years this preparation has been
under way at New Orleans, where IS
interior traffic is to have it's principal
contact with the sea. Railway systems
which had no track entrance at all
into that district have been acquiring
space for terminals. There has been
no loud blare of publicity about it;
but the quiet of the matter has not
implied timidity. Neither is 4 e
timidity to-day in New Orleans work
Of building on her water frontage
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

the forces that have been with him
in the Belgian relief work and thu
food administration, and, to a verv
large extent. on the officers Of th.
American army, through the CO.
operation of General Pershing. Ha
is receiving the same sort of unt,r.
ing and devoted cooperation from
these former business men and ex.
ecutives, who are sacrificing their
own immediate interests to carry on
the work as marked the volunteer
aids in his other wartime tasks.
One of these missions covered Bel.
GUM and northern France, which
were under the Belgian Relief Com
mission, which is now finishing its
work. The others are as follows:
l. The Adriatic Mission. All thu
country that was formerly the Aus
tro-Hungarian Empire, including
Czecho- Slovakia, Austria Hungary
and Jugo-Slavia, as we'll as northern
Serbia and Montenegro. 1t extends
as far east as Temesvar and Banat,
and is under the direction of Can.
tain I. 7. c. Gregory.
2. The Near East Turkey, includ-
ing Armenia and Syria, Rumania,
Bulgaria, southern Serbia and south.
ern Russia on the Black Sea. This
mission is under Howard Heinz, for.
merly Food Administrator of Penn
sylvania, whose headquarters are at
Constantinople He works in close
cooperation with the Associa.:s::.. 30.
Relief in the Near East, which has
a considerable part of this territory,
particularly Armenia and Syria,
covered with it's own agents, and is
raising funds in the United States
for the relief work there.
3. Poland, with headquarters at
Warsaw, under Colonel w. r. Grove.
This mission also includes Courland,
the other Lettish territory and Lith-
uania.
1. Rotterdam and Copenhagen
These are commercial bases to meet
relief necessities, for the most part
under the grain corporation. Mag
nus Swenson, formerly Food Admin
istrator of Wisconsin, is in charge
at Copenhagen, and has carried on
negotiations with the northern neu-
trails to meet some of their immedi-
ate necessities, and also is in touch
with Finland and Esthonia. Mr..
Walter Lyman Brown, a food adj
ministration associate of Mr..
Hoover, is in charge at Rotterdam.
Thus the food that is to aid Eu-
rope to establish itself on stable
basis again and to defend itself
against the chaos of anarchy that
inevitably follows in the footsteps Of
widespread, hopeless hunger, is be-
ing bought here, shipped across the
ocean, sold and distributed through
a great American government emer-
gency body conducted along Ameri-
can business lines, while at the sames
time participating in diplomatic en-
terprises, since food and food relief
offer some Of the most pressing
problems Of the associated govern
ments in striving to establish peace
and restore tranquility.
This great machine is also being
made to function now as one of the
greatest charitable agencies ever
established. Through it's ramifying
organization, reaching into every re-
gion of devastated and war-pros-
trated countries, it is able to trans.
late the money given in America for
the purpose of saving human lives
and civilized stability into immedi-
ate material help, of the kind most
urgently needed and at the point
where it is most urgently needed.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
A BOUT all the average
American knows Of the
- American Relief Admin
istration -- IL he knows

istration 49, II he knows
anything at all about it's that it
is the organization which, under
Herbert Hoover, is handling the
S1OO,OOO,0O0 of American money
which Congress appropriated to IA
cilitate sending food and other re-
lief supplies to war Frustrated Eu-
ropean nations. How it operates, or
exactly what the hundred million is
for, the ordinary citizen has no
idea. Yet hundred million dollars
is a respectfully large sum even in
these days of billions.
The hundred million and the
work done through it's expenditure
are, as a matter of fact, a compare
lively small portion of the whole
American Relief Administration
job, for all European food relief
work is carried on under its super
vision and that of Herbert Hoover,
it's director general, who is also d.
rector general of the work of this
nature carried on under the au-
thority of the Supreme War Coun-
Gil at Paris, and is, moreover, chair
man of the Commission for Relief
in Belgium, which during the war
was set up to care for it's special
field.
The monthly demand on the food
resources of the United States for
Europe is now about 100000
every month a sum considerably
larger than the whole hundred mil
lion. From December l to March
10 supplies sent into Europe under
the supervision of the American
Relief Administration amounted to
1,633.S00 tons, valued at S27O,-
$4,000. This gives a hint of the
magnitude of the work of the
American Relief Administration.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

~ while back certain man
a. Who was quite a figure among
the folks of his home district.
He would better be nameless in this
story. Those whom he was presently
20 call his constituents looked up to
hlm as real leader, master of the
art Of moving with words. No home
district occasion was complete without
the assurance that he would deliver
the principal address"
Well, in due time his turn came for
his maiden speech in the House. No
doubt he felt. as they all do, that the
eyes Of tens of millions we're upon him.
that tens Of millions of ears were gap
ing vide Maybe it fustered him. Any
way, ths was the manner of his be-
ginning:
Mister Speaker, at this momcntous
tine II Is my solemn duty to remind
tnoge within the sound Of nv voice
shat we are surrounded hy the sur
roundings which surround US"
You cant pick quarrel with the alb
solUte truth Of what ne said. II was
lot more true than most Of the
etuf which gets into "Thc Congress
sional Record But you can see it was
declaration which really didn't get
""yvrsre. II Just went around and
sro1Sd without any apparent object of
arriving. Even the solemn truth NAV
do that.
Something like the inadequacy Of
that statement affects one who tries TO
~fitc Just story Of early Mississippi
kiYer transportation. IL was pictur-
fzque enough; ii tccmcd with vivid
human interest. In way and for
time it served an actual purpose. But
sny attempt 10 make 1t appear a real
factor in tho industrial development
of the valley states turns out abortiye.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Distributing
Relief Quickly

An actual example will serve to
demonstrate the method by which
the relief administration operates
to transmute money received in
America into food distributed in
Europe. The American Jugo-Slav
Relief, which has it's offices at 511
Fifth Avenue, turned over $4,000,
the first of fund it is raising for
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

the line, "We're here because we're
here because That was before
the time Of railroads. 1t was steam
boats or nothing.
One item in that phase of things de
serves to be kept in mind: The first
freighting in the interior valley was
on north-and south lines. The natural
fall of the valley slope to the sea did
most of the real work in moving those
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

been preserved as the main channels
Of traffic, with the railroads serving
merely as feeders. 1t is good
system-in Germany. But the Ger
man Empire that was had an area
equal only to the area of Texas. We
have to consider our problem in terms
of continental areas. 1t is not even
possible to detach the interior basin
and to consider a compact transporter
ton system for the interior, indie
pendent of East and West Full de-
velopment of the interior implies the
closest possible contact with every
region outside, even though the in
terror may evolve Independently its
own main outlet
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Relief Field
Div ided

In Europe Director General Hoover
divided the field of relief work into
five missions, each under the direc-
ton of competent and experienced
American, who has his territory fur
Their subdivided under local commit
tees. For the personnel of this field
service Mr.. Hoover has drawn upon
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

across the Atlantic, the whole task
would have been immensely more
difficult. The grain corporation was
able to take up the work at once and
from the beginning assume the whole
responsibility for this end of the
work.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
By William r. Lighton

N T EBRASKA sent to Congress
while back certain man
a. ~ho was quite figure among
The Devils Lake world and inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1915-1920, 1919-01-01
Save LIFE BY YOUR GIFT

I'm the name Of pity-give!" This
is the appeal which has gone out from
the men and women who are now
making the sorrow Of the stricken
peoples of the Near East their own.
In the name of the American Commit
tee for Relief in the Near East, for
merly Of the American and Syrian Re
lief Committee, they have issued this
challenge.
The campaign which is just now be-
ing promoted for a fund Of $sO,000,-
600, to be cabledas soon as it is Sc
cured to Western Asia,-now one vast
aching field Of utter desolation, star
walton and death,-is not merely a COL
lection of a fund, but an insistant,
ringing challenge which must arous
in every home Of America an instant
response, according to nationa! leaders
who urge:
"For the honor of America we IAN
not let the sufferings of these 1900, 900
peoples go unheaded. They have pass
ed through unnameable hells of suffer-
ing. We cannot blot out their past,
but before God, we are responsible for
their future. We are responsible for
the rebuilding of their races"
Every dollor collected goes to the
relief work, all expenses are met pr-
vately.
People of North Dakota, under the
State Craftsmanship of Bishop j.
Poyntz Tyler of Fargo, and the State
Dictatorship Of Gordon B. Smith, Of
the same city, are already being ar
oused by the challenge. Much inten-
sive work looking to a successful CAM
paign for North Dakota's share of the
national fund, is already under way,
although the state leaders are of the
opinion that the campaign will have to
be postponed, because of the prevail
ence of influenza, until the middle of
February.
"Save Life BY Your Gift"
The Devils Lake world and inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1915-1920, 1919-01-01
WILL. KEEP
PROGRAM SAYS
BERNST0RFF
GERMANY TO WASH HANDS OF
RUSSIAN PROBLEM, AYERS,
DIPLOMAT.

Paris, Dec. 29.-"All the belligerents
have accepted President Wilson's four.
teen points and the only question to
be discussed is their interpretation"
said Count Won Bernstorff, former Ger
mar ambassador to the United States,
in giving his opinion of what Ger
many's attitude would be at the peace
conference, according to the Geneva
correspondent to the Martin.
Germany" declared the count,
"will keep to the presidents program,
which grants each people an ethical
group the right to dispose of ITSELF"
Asked if he thought the presidents
program would furnish the basis for
a lasting peace, Count Won Bernstorff
shrugged his shoulders.
"This is the only one which can be
proposed at present." he added. "ahd
the attempt must be made to apply it.
At any rate we shall support it,"
When he was asked by the. CORE
spondent what attitude Germany
would adopt toward the east he re.
piled.
GAIL the questions concerning the
new states which have sprung up on
the Russian frontier are the affairs OF
the Allies. Let them disentangle
things as best they can. We wash gu,
hands of Russia. We are content tt
safeguard as far as possible the integ
rity Of u territory, consulting at the
same time the will Of the populations
Asked about the white book which
Carl Kautsky is said to be preparing
in Berlin. Count Won Bernstorf said:
81 don't think the book will revea
the individual responsibilities of tn,
persons who directed Germany in 1911
1T will rather show the collectiv,
fruits of the regime.
81 do not favor handing over tn
kaiser to the Allies. A sovereign i
not Tesponsjhle for the policy Of hi
government"
The Devils Lake world and inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1915-1920, 1919-01-01
GUM STOPS LEAK IN TANK
Women Motor Mechanics Show Re.
s~oureefulness In Emergency On
Country Road.

Chicago.-When 1t comes to re.
sourcefulness leave it to Mrs. Ernest
Byheld and Miss Elaine ". Rosenthal,
embryo motor mechanics who were At
ting themselves for service In the mo.
tor supply corps In France. A little
thing like a gas tank leak is nothing to
them, even II it does happen away out
on a country road. So when they were
motoring along and had to stop be-
cause Of it Mrs. Byfeld suggested that
chewing gum would stop the leak. since
they had nothing better. It did. but
they had to chew ITO sticks, which they
purchased at a nearby store. to get'the
desired effect. Yes, they could still
talk and tell about 1t when they got
back, despite the stiffness In their
laws.
The Devils Lake world and inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1915-1920, 1919-01-01
Allied Plan Causes Russ to Be De.

Allied Plan Causes Russ to Be De-
pressed.
Paris. Dec. 28-The recent announce
ment by Stephen Pichoh, French for
eign minister, that the Entente had de-
cided against extensive military inter-
vention in Russia at present had a
discouraging effect on former Pre-
miers Lvoff and Kokovosf and other
prominent Russians who are now in
conference in Paris. This may be said
despite the fact that they did not ex-
pect an immediate response to their
appeals, because Of thelack Of unfit
cation Of the forces opposed to the
Bolsheviki and the inability Of the re-
mote provisional governments to CO.
ordinate their movements.
The Russian leaders continue their
conference at the Russian embassy in
the hope that they will get a formal
hearing when the peace congress &C
tually opens. Former Premier .Lvoff,
chief spokesman Of the Russian group
in Paris, urges against delay in any
extension of the Entente military
movement there because it would tend
to enlarge BolsheiE territory and
would play into the hands of the Ger
mans who r planning for the domin-
alton Of Russia through cooperation
with the BolsheviH.
The Devils Lake world and inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1915-1920, 1919-01-01
U. s. 70 FEED FRANCE
Republic Looks to America to
Supply Food.
csops Short, Utmost Sacrifice Urged
on People % Winter AP-
proacheA

Pariz.--vast quantities. Of. foot
products must come to France this
winter. An eyes are on America.
Abnormal drought last summer seri
ously injured the French harvest. =
warning has been issued that furthc,.
sacrifices. more stringent food restric
lions. may have to be imposed.
France, facing the winter, is looking
to America to feed its people. Approx
imately 1O0,OOO.OOO bushels Of wheu
are needed for daily bread rations.
'The economic situation is alarm
Ing" said M. Comet, a French senate.
from the Puy de Dome region. "a:
the harvests have been brought in ane
we are in a position to measure GU
needs. no
production this year has been saG!...
deficient. Despite our expectations las
spring CT bumper crops, the deplmnli
dry weather has ruined many rich agsi
cultural districts Of France.
'There has been almost no fruit
Vegetables are few. Cereals are poo.
Potato crops, on which we based OF
hopes last year, r so per cent les
than in 1917.
"Only the wheat crops have give'
any, satisfaction at oil. There hi
been some improvement in then
thanks to the awakening Of the agri
cultural movement. in the abandone
regions.
:.But if our daily bread rations ar
to continue throughout the winter W
must obtain-somehow, somewhere
an additional thirty or forty millio
hectoliters (between 100000 an
11O,OOO,O0O bushels) of wheat.
"The outlook is not bright. Som
thing must be done. Something will l
done. The people Of France must taxi
the initiative. They must be willin
to make more sacrifices. They mu:
not be afraid of further and stricte
restrictions"