davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
new MILITARY
TRAINING BILL
IS FINISHED
Measure Going to Congress I'M
mediately Differs from
Kahn Bill.

Washington, Aug. 2.-The war de.
partment bill providing for a moder-
cite system of universal military
training as the settled military policy
Of the nation will be laid before con-
gress without further delay. Prob
ably it will be in the hands of Sena-
tor Wadsworth and Representative
Kahn, heads Of the two military COM
miJtees, early next week.
Previous plans for extended con-
ferences with General Pershing and
other overseas officers before pre-
scnting the bill have been abandon
ed. For that reason, however, it is
understood, the committee chairmen
will be informed that while the pro-
ject included in the proposed meas.
use represents the best judgment OF
the war department at this time, it
is to be looked upon as tentative In
some respects and subject to possible
modification in the light of the ex-
perience and judgment of these off.
GERS when their testimony shall be
available. The department, it is un.
dcrstocd, is not only willing, but
anxious that General Pershing anC
his officers should be heard and Sec
rotary Baker is expected to make this
cle;.r in his letter transmitting the
bill.
! Details of the departments bill
1 have not been made public. There are
indications, however, that it differ:
ESSENTIALLY in some ways from the
Kahn Chamberlain universal training
bill already before the committee.
| The Kahn-C Chamberlain bill woulc
prov de for six months training
1 There is some reason to believe, how
ever, that the department would b
satisfied, all things considered, will
less than that; probably with half a
4 much time devoted to intensive in
| stru.tjon,
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
NAZlMOVA in THE RED / An1a
Belgians Seeking
to Obtain Better
Financial Terms
(By The Associated Pres

Brussels, Aug. belgian indus
trial and financial needs are being
discussed in a series Of conferences
between Belgian and American Off
Gals. The first meeting today was
attended by representatives of the
Guaranty Trust company, National
City bank, American international
corporation and the Foreign Banking
corporation, all of New York and
Henry H. Morgan, United States
consul-general, Harry Ceilings, Amer
lean trade commissioner, and M. Thus.
representing the minister of econo-
mic affairs.
The meeting revealed the fact that
Belgian industry has taken only $14,-
100000 of the $5O,OOO,00O credits es-
tablished several months ago because
the loans are too short in proportion
TO the high rate of interest. The
/ Relgians explain there is great
need of long time loan at reason
able rates. The present exchange or
the dollar makes a As per cent in
crease in the cost to eBlgian pur,
chasers of American goods and if the
dollar goes to eight francs it will
mean 81 per cent increase.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
The Amazon.

The Amazon discharges the largest
amount of water of any river in the
world, and the st. Lawrence next.
Other interesting facts about these
rivers are that the length of the
Amazon is $500 miles and its width
varies from few hundred feet at
different points to more than 100
miles at its mouth. The st. Lawrence
is 1920 miles in length, is from one
to several miles wide at places to
ninety miles at it's mouth.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
c,,ins's Water Transportation.

On the rivers streams or canals vi
China transportation and postal 1acih
ties dapend on the samrans. Women.
as we'll as men. operate them ail oa!
and the prehensile foot renders thelr
task much easier Every Chinese post
man. lying or his boat. steers with MS
hands and rows With his toes. lie
holds the oar strongly between the
great tee and the others and gives Il
vigorous motion to the boat by the
powerful action of the leg muscles.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
A Ninco,npoop,

"Nincompoop" is most entirely sat
isfying and refined way of calling a
person fool Or blockhead or a SIM
pleton. 1t is corruption of the Latin
phrase mon compos mentis'-nOt
sound of mind. Besides being satisfy
ing and refined it has a classical origin
in addition.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Picturesque Lisbon.

Lisbon. the westernmost of Euro
pean capitals, spreads itself in leisure
~ fashion over its IL hills, extending
for more than Ave miles along the
shores of the famous Rada de Lisboa,
and for more than three miles inland.
Beyond the narrow channel leading
out of the Rada through which flow the
waters of the Tagus lies the open sea,
and some 500 miles away over the no.
rizon to the west are the Azores.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
BOlSheyiStS on
North Russian
Front Advance
(Rv The Associated Press

London, Aug. 1.-The following
bolshevik official communication, dat
ed Friday, dealing with the opera
tions on the North Russian 'front.'
was received here today:
eve have advanced 81 miles north
ward of Omega. (This advance ap-
psrently is along the Gulf of Omega.
eve have abandoned Eproskurotf
and Yampel. We have begun an ad-
vance in the region Of Astrakhan,
driving the enemy out Of Vladimir
ovsk, across the river at Akhtuba.
Many of the enemy were drowned"
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
DRUNKENNESS DECREASES.

Boston, Aug. 2.-Records of the
municipal court, through which pass
approximately one-fifth of the Grim
inal cases of the state, show that 764
persons We're arrested for drunken
ness during July, 1919, as compared
with 1896 in July, 1918. The rec
ords show, however, that the number
of criminal cases is again increasing.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Alabama POSSemen
Kill Two While
Pursuing Four

Whatley, Ala, Aug. 1.-Two ne
groes were killed here early today by
possee of white men pursuing four
who had attacked young white man,
Sheriff c. E. Cox announced tonight
after investigating the disorder. No
lace riot had resulted, he declared
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
For the Teacher.

No one is too young or too old to be
impressed with the fact that obedience
is the law of life. Show its rewards
wills to obey. he throws into gear ma
chinery the like of which is not known
anywhere else on earth.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Rejoices Po]i,Il
Freedom N
By hi
(By the Assocj,ts|

Warsaw 5 Aug. III
ting of the Polish diei
man peace treaty No,
mler Pa!rerewski' mad, adj
speech in which he Fr'' NJ
that Poland's freedom i,
n =! by Germany sDd'J
firmed by the allied id \
powers.
-, Premier Paderevskj.i 1,
the treaty, said It dss,,1'
very few square ki],sl
rlltory, but granted NM
tional point of view,
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Story of the Mirror

From the twelfth to the fifteenth
century small mirrors, carried in the
pocket or attached to the girdle. were
regarded as Indispensable adiuncts to
ladies' toilets, The pocket mirror was
circular plaque of polished metal fix
ed in shallow box and covered with
u lid
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
ETHEL IS SOME SWIMMER.

Philadelphia, Aug. miss Ethelda
Bleibtrey, of the New York Swim
ming association, 500-yard national
champion and 440-yard open cham
pion, won the annual special three
mile swimming race in the Delaware
river at the Riverton Yacht club to-
day, in A minutes, Is seconds.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Dreaming of Cats.

To dream of cats is said not to be
lucky. If you dreamt of black cat,
your enemies are active; to be bitten
by one indicates misfortune; burglars
are about when cat follows you in
a dream; while to dream you are
stroking one means, beware of false
friends.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
When sneezing Was a Bad Omen.

Sneezing from remote times has
been held ominOus. Our forefathers
went to bed again if they sneezed
while putting on their shoes. A
sneeze to the right was deemed lucky;
80 the left of evil pOrtent. TO sneeze
near burial place was unlucky.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
WANTS TROOPS IN RUSSIA.

PARISH Aug. 2.-Nicholas Techaiko-
vsky, president of the provisional gov
eminent of North Russia, left yester-
day for London. He will endeavor to
induce the British government not to
withdraw its troops from Archangel.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Iona Indian Name.

The longest geographical Indian
name is probably that of Lake Charg-
o gagogmaunchaugagogchebunnygunga-
maug This lake is in Massachusetts
and its name has recently been chang
ed to Lake Webster. The word is Of
Algonquin origin and is said to mean
GLOW the south wind made a large
water where many blackbirds chatter"
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Mcrkeys Hard to Train,

Performing monkeys seldom live
more than few months. Many of
them die of fright while being trained,
and it is consequently necessary for
trainers to keep a large number Of
animal UNDERSTANDS.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
A Little CirPs ProhI~v,,

The father of /, little girl know is
a Methodist, and her mother an Epis-
eopalian, and the poor child never
knows, in saying her prayers, whether
TO end them with "A-men" or "Ah-
men. E. w. Howe's Monthly.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
RUSSIANS MASSACRE JEWS.

London, Aug. 2.-Semi-official Po-
fish sources have received reports that
General Fregorieff's troops which are
occupying Odessa, surrounded the
Jewish quarter and began a massacre
which lasted three days and nights.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
TENSION IN BERLIN.

London, Aug. 2.-Reuter's Berlin
correspondent in dispatch dated
Thursday hints at grave political ten
sion in Berlin and the possibility of
an attempt late in the summer by the
Nationalist to carry out military
coup.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Roosevelt's Lena Ride.

In February 1909, the late former
President Roosevelt rode 9S miles on
horseback in the seventeen hours be-
tween daylight and dark. The trip was
from Washington to Warrenton and
return. Three horses were used.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
ZURICH STRIKE

Zurich, Switzerland,
rich is in the grip I'll
ment which has becolH
to call for action byd
Gil at a special sassiu
council decided at iii
request the federal II
troops to Zurich.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Yellowstone Wonders piscredited.

The first recorded visit to what is
now Yellowstone park was made in
1910 by John Golfer trapper, who
took refuge there from hostile In
dians. His tale of it's wonders were
absolutely discredited.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Expensive and Unnecessary.

The fact that of all the buttons that
have been given out to be testimony
to the wearers' participation in the
performance of public duty few are
worn should be admonition to put the
time consumed in the making of such
buttons, and the money spent to pay
for them, to better use.-Albany Jour.
nal.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03

A. D. Rose and wife have returned
to their home at Lake Farm, after a
delightful summer trip to Chicago
ano South Haven, Mich.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Small Daily Task.

Nothing surely is so potent as law
that may not be disaHeyc6. Tt has the
force of the water-drop that hollows
be really daily will beat the labors
of a spasmodic Hercules.--Anthony
Trollope.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
BELGIUM is DRY"
BY the Associated Press.)

Brussels, Aug 1.-The United
States is not the only prohibition
country, Belgium having followed
suit so far as whiskey, gin, and other
highly alcoholic liquors are concerned
Soon after the armistice was signed
q law was passed forbidding the
manufacture and sale of such bever-
ages.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Uncle Eben,

"De amount of hurryin' man wants
10 do said Uncle Eben. "is mighty
apt to depend on whether he's travelin'
nfoOt or drivin' hOss."
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
"Catsup."

The word ''catsup," which is spelled
"catsup," "catchup," "ketchup" and
"kitchup" is corruption of the Chi
nese word "kitiap." the name given
to an inferior kind Of soy made in
China
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03

H. R. Gulley, painter and paper
hanger returned yesterday from Hum
phdey, where he has spent the past
three months on business.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03

Manly Goodwin is much improved
from a recent critical illness of ty-
phoid-peneumonia, and is expected to
be out next week.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
TRULoCK TO 4

W. n. Trulock, n
Hotel Pines, expects ba
for Chicago, to atted
Hotel Mems expositiop,
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
SUCCESS Denends

Opportunities" said Uncle Eben, "is
like race bosses. Oars allus plenty of
'en. Dc success of de trick depends
on pickin' de right onc.'
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Seek to Retain Old Friends.

The years have taught some sweet,
some bitter lessons-none wiser than
this to spend in all things else, but of
old friends to be most miserly.-
Lowell.
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03
Little Sympathy for Him,

"Readin' bout what dem soldier men
went through" said Uncle Eben, ais
g'ineter make it mighty hard to SYM
pathize wifi de man dat complains
bout little thing like a hot day."
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1919-08-03

Daily Thought.
Words without thoughts never to
heaven go.-Hamlc..
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30
ATTACKED AT 4:30 O'CLOCK.

Dowcll was proceeding along the
Cary Street Road toward Richmond
ut 4:a0 o'clock to keep an appoint
mcut with his employer when he was
aCco9tcd by II lone man walking
ALIENS the side Of the road. The chauf
four slowed down and came to Il
halt 10 see what was wanted. AS no
did so two other men with guns
jumped out Of the bushes and order
cd him out OF the car. Dowcll com
III I'D and tho highwaymen went
through his pockets taking his peck
ct book and after gagging him, bound
Aus hands and feet and threw him i'll
TO growth of shrubbory. Then they
cot into the automobile and made
tkcir escape
Oddly enough, the road Was desert
I'D while this exciting Wild West
drama was being staged few
minutes later Mrs. Grover Dula, OF
Westn,oreland Place, and her chauf-
four came by and upon seeing Dow
ell who had managed to squirm near
or to the roadside, they got out Sun
bound the cords and brought tho
frightened chauffeur into Richmond.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30
asE. - - : - " -. Y 90 - Az
CAR is ABANDONED.

nawcll Immediately reported the
huldup To the police and at O'Clock
Inc car was found but the bold high
waymcn had effected their escape.
Yhc holdup took place about Il hall
a mile west OF tho belt line bridge.
Ono OF the men was described as
wearing dark green suit and cap,
height about five feet six inches ana
sc Ching about 140 pounds. An i'm
perfect description Of the other Two
was given. Dowell being so badly
scar cd that he was unable TO observe
anything about them beyond that
their height appeared to be about 8
feet four inches and weight about lao
ponds All three were young white
men ~ y iEl4
nowell had been in the employ of
Mr.. Moore for several years prior to
his going overseas and upon his re
turn and release from service he was
given his former job.
Crimes Dispatch August 81, 1919
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30

DR.. r. NJ. Sisusa and wife, Misses
=. A. Bryan, d. e. Harris, and Rev.
y. S. Nichols, God willing, will sail
Tor West Africa, after the National
Baptist Convention at Newark, N. j.,
IN September. 1t will take $4,000
10 equip and send them away.
We arc asking SO churches to bring
500; 200 churches to bring $50; 300
.h,rches to bring $25; 500 churches
Q bring $40; 1000 churches to bring
.. To which group may we add
oUr church ut the Newark Conven-
ION, September 10, 1919.
VIII there be Il pastor who will
.oHe to Newark and forget this all
H.portant Matter. Is there pastor
VINO will attend the National Baptist
Convention, SO dense or so selfish as
q forget his calling as minister VIII
t.."sl go, let go or help others to go?
These young folks are getting ready
very day and will meet you in New
nix, ready to go if you will let them.
Please write us so we may know
1ow to plan for the sailing of these
Eorhcrs.
Yours in His service,
l.. G. JORDAN, Cor, Scc'y.
701 S. 10th Street
Philadelphia, Pa
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30
LAUGHS IN CHURCII-FINED So.
Massachusetts Man Said He Gould
Not Help 1t.

New Bedford, Mass, Aug. 2O.-Bc
cause of his sense of bumor was so
much in evidence that he could not
restrain himself from laughing long
and loudly at whiting remark made
by the Rev II. e. Julien in the East
Rochester Finniah Congregational
Church, David Mchonan of Warcham
was fined SIS by Judge Washburn of
that village in court.
Mchonan was only recently rein
stated i'll the church after being ex
PEELED for disordcrly conduct more
than year ago. He strcnuously de
nicd any intent to disturb and insist
cd that Rev. Julicn's sermon was
SO funny that he Just had to laugh"
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30


The mobbing of harmless, helpless
Negroes in the Capitol of this coun
try Is the nations everlasting shame
The responsibility for starting the
riots, which ruled Washington for
days. rests upon disorderly lawlcss
whites
peaceabIc. unoffending colored men
and boys were beaten up and murder
cd by brutcs who boast OF our white
civilization.
A reign Of hystcr!a and terror pre-
vailed throughout the sections of the
city where the colored population re
sides. They feared "new East St.
Louis" They armed themsoYSts a.
best they could and barricadcd their
bones. There were colorcd soldiers
among them who had served with
distinction in France, some of whom
had been wounded Fighting to
make the world safe for democracy"
while tho United States Senate Is
debating the League Of Nations, which
would make us tho custodians of the
PttA@S VI luC "Ol ana SljpcidI III
sasuctors in democratic ideals to less
enlightened people, we were muir.
dcring innocent, intelligent. God fear
ing, law abiding cO'orcd citizens at
Shc back door of the White House.
And why bchoIdcst thou the mote
That is in thy brothers eye, but con
sidercst not the beam that is in
thine own eye? Or who canst thou
say 10 thy brother. Brother, let me
cast ont the mote that is in thine eye
when thou myself beholdest not the
s'ram TINT is in thine own eye Thou
hyp"cIite. cast out first the beam
oss or thine own eye, and then shall,
thon see clearly to cast out the mote
ah''t fs in thy brothers eye. AS you
would that men should do to you, dc
ye even so to them; for this is the
ssw and the prophets" st..@@" q
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30

Get In tho SWIM Save The
Ianet Coupons. Get Prize. Others
'ece've them: yon can do the same.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30
SAVE COUPONS

WORK AND SAVE UP PLANET
COUPONS AND GET AN UMBRELLA
OR A PHONAGRAPH-BO ARE
GOOD. SEE ADVERTISEMENT
IN THIS ISSUE AND START TO
WORK IMMEDIATELY.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30
$4,000 WORTH OF COUPONS

Pair Of Blankets
Pair Of Shoes
Half Cord of Wood.
Bath Robe
Gcorgcttc Crepe Waist.
Signct Ring.
Cameo Ring
.oc!tct and Chain.
Cut Glass Water Pitcher.
Fountain Pen with Gold Trimmings.
Ilalf-dozen Silver Knives and Forks.
Watch Charm.
Watch Fob.
Comfort.
Linen Sheets.
Mirror
Silk Kimono.
l.avalier.
Late Style Hat for Either Sex.
Transformation.
Electric Iron.
Watch Chain.
Cod EARRINGS.
Kodak
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30

: Rox Writing Paper.
= Collar.
> Neck Tie,
$1,000 WORTH OF COUPONS.
: Two Pairs Boot Silk Hose
= Coal Scuttle
= Girls MILDLY Tie.
. FIalf-dozen Cups and Saucers
= Gcntlcman's Scarf
!. Shovel.
Pick Axe.
= Axe.
= Rake
= Set of Gavels.
: 10000 WORTH OF COUPONS.
:. PAM Lawrence Dunbar's Works.
: Detachable Umbrella.
= Chocolate Set
: Carving Set.
a Black Sateen Underskirt
). L,ady's Umbrella.
Fountain Pen.
= Pair Silk Hose.
> Bottle of Perfume or Toilet Water.
! Pair Oriental Beads.
. Three Pairs Gentlen1an's Hose
Pair Shades.
Door Mat.
Half-dozen Knives and Forks
: Half-dozen Spoons.
) Pocket Knife.
> Scarf Pin.
Hat Pin
. Bed Room Slippers.
Serving Tray.
Hair Ornament
: Box Of Best Chocolates.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30
Newsstand.

Mr. ndward cambridge. IL w. DIS
val Street. agent for tho Plosss
handles all kinds OF nevs, ,aEsra
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30

ILLUSTRATING, CARTOONING,
PEN AND INK DRAWINGS OF ALL
KINDS. ADDRESS,
J. f. CURTIS, BOX 1O4.
GAINESVILLE, VA.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30
SATURDAY. ....AUGUST 80, 1919
3aEIIssssc BANDITS TIE CHAUFFEUR
AND ESCAPE In MACHINE.
High Haymen Attack Driver in Broad
Daylight on Busy Road.
VICTIM is FOUND BOUND BY
MRS. GROWER C. DULA.

Three unidentified highwaymen
held UP Percy Dowcll, colored chaur.
fcnr for Thomas l.. Moore of War.
ncr. Moore and Co., proprictors of
DuSs1Up Mills. yesterday afternoon on
ta,e Eary Street Road, robbed him Of
has poskeibook, bound him hand and
fool gagged him threw him ina clump
OF bushes took possession Of the
automobile and made Il clean getaway.
Thss passenger car, valued at
$4,000 was later found abandoned on
Grace street between Fifth and SiXtl,
but n0 trace Of the highwaymcn has
been discovered. Police OF II dozen
large cities were immediately notifi-
cd IN be on the lookout for the men
answtTinG the description given by
lac chauffeur
Yhc chauiiours pockctbook contain
cd $40 in currency and his chauffcur's
Rccusc and III addition to these loss
as howell vas badly scared.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1919-08-30
NUMBERING NEGROES AT
WASHINGTON.

Editorial Appearing in Current Issue
of La Follettes Magazine. Sent out
From Senator La Follettcs Office
Washington, d. C..