davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
TREATMENT FOR
GRAZING LANDS
Alternate Grazing Not Practiced
Much by Farmers on Ac-
count of Expense.
DISK and HARROW FAVORED
Spike Tooth Harrow Less Likely to
Loosen Large Pieces Of Sod
When Used Alone-Good for
Distributing Manure.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agricultural
Alternate grazing as relief for con-
tinuous grazing has long been recon-
mended by experts, but little practlced
by farmers. 1t involves the division of
pastures so that each portion of the
field may be given alternate periods of
rest during the grazing season. Grass
makes maximum yield If allowed
definite periods of uninterrupted
growth. However. the extra expenses
ers from following this system which,
although it Is adapted for practice In
some sections of the country, 1t Is not
so favorable in others.
Disking and Narrowing.
Cultural treatment, such as disking
and narrowing. are recommended
where sod-bound condition of the
grass develops, rs the slight mulch
ing of the surface obliteratcs weeds
and also improves the mechanical and
physical condition of the SOIL Gen
orally speaking there is considerable
expense attached to disking and har-
rowing, and unless the returns are
commensurate with the cost, farmer
is scarcely justified in thus treating
his grazing lands, particularly If other
work on the farm is competing for
his attention at the same time.
The spike-Tooth Harrow.
The average disk will cut and turn
sods to some extent no matter how
nearly straight 1t Is set, and on this
account It's use is often more detri-
mental than beneficial. Ordinarily, in
the case where the ground is inclined
to be wet at the time of treatment, a
considerable portion of the turf may
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
Cooperative buying is profitable to
are required by the cooperative meth
cd than would be required by the old
trade channel methods. In other words,
the economies secured by consumers
through cooperative buying are ef-
fected for the most part by dispensing
with certain services that they have
been in the habit of receiving, and pay
ing for, under the old system. Every
service rendered in cooperative buy
ing must be paid for by the consumer
Just as under the established middle
man system. 1t follows, therefore,
that the principal way to reduce costs
Is to reduce the services required.
This is the gist Of the Views held
and expressed by the United States
department of agriculture through its
cooperative experts In the bureau OF
markets. One of these experts recent
ly detailed some experiences to show
that the organization of the village
community for cooperative buying and
selling may be made relatively simple.
In a suburb of an eastern city, he said,
q plan has been adopted for the pur-
chase Of carlots of certain commodi-
ties under which a community commit
tee undertakes to contract for the
purchase of carlot of potatoes, say,
direct from producers association,
and to deliver them direct from the
car to the homes of the consumers
who have placed orders for portions
of the lot. The car is placed on sid
Ing In the suburb, drayage concern
Is employed to deliver the potatoes to
the homes of the contracting consum-
ers who pay cash ut the time of de-
livery to the committee, which. In
turn, settles with the growers associ-
ton.
Advantages Of Simple System.
This is pointed out as o simple sys-
tenn with these advantageous features:
Each purchase is confined to a sim
gle commodity at a specific time. The
commodity is purchased direct from an
association of producers The entire
transaction Is handled by committee
which is paid simply for the time ac-
tually devoted to the work. No out
lay is involved for storage or ware
house facilities because the commod.
ity Is taken directly from the car to the
homes. Even the carriage expenses are
considerably reduced by contract ar
rangemcnt for delivery of the entire
carload. The total costs paid by the
consumer are the price paid to the
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02

trlbuted among the newcomers In the
hen-farming business.
Common Sense in Buying.
1t Is imperative that the purchaser
OF poultry stock exercise sound COM
mon sense in purchasing. Beginners
are too prone 10 expect nearly perfect
birds at bargain prices,OT The buyer
should consider that Ideally conformed
cattle or horses always bring record
prices when they are offered ut the
auction block and he should bear In
mind that the selling of high-class
poultry operates along similar lines.
If he wants valuable birds he must be
willing to pay prices for these fowl In
proportion.
Common defects winch occur In diff
ferent breeds and varieties often cause
beginners to grumble over the suppo-
sition that because of the presence OF
these defects they are being cheated.
AS an example, the ofr-colorcd feathers
which occur commonly In many varie-
ties are frequently considered by the
beginner to be evidences of impurty
of blood. The beginner has no other
means of knowing what the bird should
be like than by the descriptions which
he can secure from n book or by at
tending n poultry show where birds Of
the variety In question are displayed.
in the description Of the bird which he
reads, he finds only mention Of the
color of feather which Is desirable and
no mention of the off-colored feathers
which may and often do occur In the
birds of purest blood. IL he goes to the
poultry show and examines the birds
on exhibit, he does not find any with
these off-colored feathers. for the very
good reason that 1t Is the common
practice Of exhibitors to remove these
feathers before showing the fowl. Ac-
cordingly, 1t would be desirable for be-
ginners who purchase birds which do
not satisfy them to consult some ex-
perlenced breeder of the same variety
and ascertain his opinion relative to
the quality and value Of the fowl.
Armed with such reliable informn-
tion, the novitiate then has some
grounds for talking about being over
charged or defrauded. Without such
authentic information his best plan Is
to live up to the saying, I'm silence
| there Is sense"
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02

ond drop the seed, one or two pieces
in a place, In the bottom of the fur
row. Cover the seed to depth of
about 4 inches, using a hoe or l.
horse plow for the purpose. One to
three weeks will be required for the
potatoes TO come up. depending en-
tirely upon the temperature Of the
soil. The ground may freeze slightly
after the planting has been done, but
so long as the frost does not reach
the seed potatoes no harm will result
and growth will begin as soon as the
soil becomes sufficiently warm.
AS soon as the potatoes appear
above ground and the rows can be
followed. the surface soil should be
well stirred by means Of one of the
harrOw-tOothed cultivators. Good cul-
tivation should be maintained through
out0 the growing season. with occa-
sional hand hocing, If necessary, to
keep the ground free from weeds.
Toward the last the soil may be well
worked up around the plants in order
to hold them erect and protect the
tubers from the sun after the vines
begin to die.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
SWEET CLOVER GOOD
FORAGE FOR SWINE
Pasturing Induces Plants to Send
( Out Many Tender Leaves.
One Acre Ordinarily viii Support
Twenty to Thirty shotes, In Addi-
tion to Furnishing Light
Cutting Of Hay.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Sweet clover Is an excellent pastur-
age crop for hogs. The animals may
be turned on the field the first year
after sowing the crop. as soon as the
plants have made six-inch growth.
From this time until late fall an
abundance Of forage is produced, as
pasturing induces the plants to send
out many tender, succulent branches.
Pasturing the second season after
planting may begin as soon as the
growth starts In the spring. II the
field Is not closely grazed the second
year It Is advisable to clip 1t occa-
.sionally, leaving an eight-inch stubble.
so as to produce a more succulent
growth, ~ N ~ . 4
An acre of sweet clover pasture or
dinarily win support 20 to 30 shotes,
In addition to furnishing q light cut
ting of hay. For the best growth of
the hogs they should be fed each day
two pounds Of grain for each 100
bounds of the hogs weight. Pigs are
very fond Of sweet clover roots, and
for this reason should be ringed before
being turned on the pasture. The ten
Aency to root may generally be over
come BY adding some protein to the
grain radon.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
HOW TO GROW IRISH POTATO
Planting Of Late Varieties Should Bs
st Done Late IN May--Maintain
& Good Cultivation. = ~

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Asricuiture)
A rich, sandy loan Is best suited to
the production of Irish potatoes and
the fertilizers employed should con-
tain high percentage Of potash. The
main crop Of Irish potatoes for family
use should be grown elsewhere, but
small area of early ones properly
belongs In the home garden. The
preparation of the soil should be the
same as for general garden crops.
Early potatoes should be planted as
soon In the spring as 1t IS feasible to
work the land, irrespective Of locality.
Late potatoes are extensively grown
in the North. and the planting should
be done late In May or during June.
The rows should be not less than 2
feet apart and the hills II to 10
inches apart in the row. Lay Oft the
rows with 1-horse plow or lister
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02

producer plus the transportation and
carriage charges and payment for the
time given by the committee. The
only particular in which further safe
guarding is suggested is to make sure
that the product purchased is of good
and uniform grade or quality.
The outstanding advantage is that
the individual member takes part In
the purchase of a particular carload
shipment and when this has been de-
livered and paid for the responsibility
Of the individual ceases. He Is then
free to choose whether or not he de-
sires to participate in any other pur-
chase. Any change in price that may
occur during the period of delivery
must be borne by the members particl-
pating In the purchase rather than
by the association as n whole. The in
dividuals directly associated In the par
ticular purchase become responsible
for whatever speculative feature may
be involved and the association as an
association is not entangled in the
event of decline. If the lot were
purchased by the association for resale
to its members, such n decline in price
during delivery would mean that the
association must pocket loss which
ultimately would have to be made good
by assessment or otherwise.
Purchasing for Resale.
If the association purchases for re-
sale to its members, the operation be-
comes relatively complex. Storage ia
cilities must be provided and more
or less permanent force of employees
must be maintained. The responsible
ity of the individual member does not
cease with the completion of single
transaction. but necessarily continues
in connection with the fixed expense of
maintaining the storage or warehouse
concern and the clerical force. 1t be-
comes necessary, also. to provide a
sufficient amount and variety of stock
to serve the needs and requirements of
customers and there comes into exist
ence the cooperative store, which, on
the whole, has not been successful In
this country.
The conclusion Is reached that the
fundamental principle Is that all CO.
operative buying and selling, like all
other buying and selling, is essentially
q business enterprise which, II 1t Is to
succeed. must be grounded on business
principles, must be organized In recog-
milton of the fact that every service to
be secured by the members must be
paid for. and that, therefore. the prin-
cpal way to reduce costs Is to reduce
the services required.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
HAVE CHICK BROODER READY
II Should Be Warmed and Regulated
When Young Birds Arrive
Keep Chicks Warm.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
Buyers of chicks should have a
brooder such as is required for the
number of chicks bought ready,
warmed, and regulated when the chicks
arrive.
If, for any reason. the brooder is not
ready, take the chicks from the ship
ping box in warm room; feed, and
return to the box; repeat at intervals
of three hours until the brOoder Is
ready.
For the first few days give very
close attention to regulating the
brooder for. the comfort of the chicks.
This is the most troublesome state In
the operation of a brooder, and the
most critical period In the life of the
chick.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
PQDEgRYMNES

Late hatched pullets cannot produce
fall and winter eggs.
One Of the best ways to prevent DIS
ease among turkeys is by disinfecting.
One vigorous tom is usually allowed
In every flock Of IL to Is turkey hens.
One Of the requirements for full and
winter layers Is to hatch the pullets
early.
II Is generally considered that a hen
needs about four square feet Of floor
Early hatched chicks are stronger
and easter to raise than late hatched
chicks.
Wheat is good feed for young
turkeys after they are five or six
weeks old.
II you desire eggs when they are
worth five cents each or more batch
your puliets early.
II costs money to clean poultry
houses. because II Is a regular duty
that requires quite q little time.
II early duckllnss are wanted to
catch the high prices In lat8 spring
and early summer. hatchlng sh6uld -
gin uov. 4 AZ
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02

be turned up, while If dry weather
follows permanent injury to the pas
ture is quite likely to result. A spike
tooth harrow following the disk
usually drags the loosened pieces Of
sod some distance away. thereby leav-
ing numerous areas of considerable
size entirely bare. This happens more
especially on slopes where a complete
covering is difficult to maintain. even
under the most favorable conditions.
The spike-tooth harrow, when used
alone, is less likely to loosen large
pieces of sod than wien used in con-
junction with the disk. Its use dur
ing the spring over numerous small
areas of ungrazed grass where the
droppings from animals have fallen
Is beneficial in that 1t uniformly dis
tributes this fertilizer.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
.aFsfRan43}SRRSAFHks

Early blowing makes possible good
seed bed.
!. A manure pit doesn't cost money;
It saves money.
Rape Is too succulent to make q
good grade Of silage. ~
Increase fertility; grow clovers use
lime, phosphate and manures.
For some garden crops lime is not
needed. ana may even cause harm.
ia.n. f.A 81 if3
Always aim to have your corn 70
OF the farm on foot. The same about
hny. :.
We must maintain the balance Of
fertility Of our soils o. pay ths psn-
aitys
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
FEED FOR LITTLE CHICKENS
Wet stuff 10 Apt to Sour and Make
Them slck--Never Allow Them
Without Pure Water.

Don't feed the little chickens wet
feed for It Is apt to sour and make
them sick and unhealthy. Oatmeal,
cracked corn. wheat. kafir corn, mill
let seed and small grains are. good
food. Give them some sharp sand and
6ne gravel and never allow them to
- without pure wnter TO drink.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
EXERCISE AND FRESH WATER
Two Things az Necessary as Feed for
Poultry success-Look to Comfort
Of Fowls.

The successful poultryman knows
that exercise and pure water are as
necessary as feed, and he will overlook
nothing that will add comfort and en-
joyment to the fowls or that will re-
duce the time and labor involved In
attending the fiocks.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
BACKED BY SCIENCE

prepared by the United States De-
partment of Agriculture)
Minnesota poultry club men,
bers took part In a-bIg pageant
Of boys and girls clubs that
filed the race track at the In
terstate Fair at Sioux City.
Iowa, last fall.
The poultry club members
bore a banner with legend
whose truth has never been sue
cessfully denied. Their slogan
was:
"The Immortal Hen. Whose
Son Never Sets"
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
FOUR PRIME HOME UTILITIES
water supply, Sewage DIsposaI Plant,
Heating and Lighting Systems
4 Are Needed.

A good water supply. complete
sewage disposal plant and effective
heating ana lighting systems cc1sti-'
tute the four prime utilities Of the
farmhsdss, the foundations Of safs.
comfortable iivinG 4 ~ Ses Z
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
DETAILS OF DISINFECTION

Prepared by the United States De-
partment of Agricultural
In the practical work of disin-
fection there are three essen
tials:
1. Preparation of the building
that will facilitate reaching or,
ganisms of disease.
2. A dlsinfectant which upon
contact can be depended upon
to destroy such organisms.
8. A method of applying the
dislnfectant that will assure the
most thorough contact with the
bacteria.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1919-05-02
CHICKS LIKE VARIETY

prepared by the United States De-
partment OF Agriculture.)
Chicks like eggs. johnnycnke.
pinhead oatmeal, rolled oats.
stale bread, us well as milk
mashes. As the young fowls get
older and stronger the number
of meals may be decreased and
the amount Of food for each
meal may be increased. Cracked
corn, cracked peas, broken rice
and charcoal. millet or rape seed
may finally be added to-, the
chicken menu.
Evening journal., 1919-10-02
MRS. CABRERA WILL
enter GUILTY PLEA
Woman Who Killed Hus-
band Will Admit Man
slaughter. Reinhavdt Says
SENTENCE CAN BE
FROM | TO 80 YEARS

Mrs. Maria Cabrera, who was indicted
by the grand jury on a charge Of mur-
der in the first degree for the shooting
and killing of her husband, will plead
gully TO manslaughter, which carries
a sentence Of from one to thirty years,
in Court of oyer and Terminer at 10
O'Clock tomorrow morning. That there
would be no trial OF the case was an
nounced at the opening Of the court
this morning by Attorney General David
j. Reinhardl.
Mrs. Cabreih, a pretty 22-year-old
Spanish woman was not brought into
the courtroom, but her attorney, James
]. Boyce, was present. He made no COM
ment on the case
When court opened this morning. Mr..
Reinhardt stated that no trial would be
necessary and that the cnse would be
Of at 10 O'Clock tomorrow
morning. The witnesses in the case and
the jurors were then discharged until
that time. Afterwards, Mr.. Renhardt
stated that the defendant would enter
a plea Of guilty to manslaughter.
The reason given by the defendant
'or the killing Of her husband was that
he was cruel~to her and her children.
Evening journal., 1919-10-02
REDS EXPECT HOP
To CHICAGO WITH
TWO GAMES edge
continued from First Page.

toutNued from flfol rage.
oglyard would be taxed again to its
capacity. this afternoon when the two
King soulhpaws Of the year-"Slim'
Sallee and Claude Williams battle for
he bacon Of the second game There
was possibility that Jimmy Ring
would carry the colors or the Reds
against Tie Hose, but Sallec is almost
certainty
Salee and Williams gave the dopers
matters over which TO scratch their
heads Sallee is at his best in warm
weather and the prospects today were
FOR another scOrcher. lie has the adj
vantage OF previous experience in a
world series against the SoX and with
Bin Rariden on the receiving end the
Reds will have a battery that knows
The ins and outs of The Chicago de-
fense Claude Williams must be figured
as being equally capable of holding the
lcll-hand iinX over the Moranilcs Red
hackers. however point Ia The rather
poor showing The hard worked Gleason
star made in his late season starts
They hint that ne is a bit stale and
on form like his noted colleague.
Dope at its hest is very dopey, how
ever. That was proven concusiyely in |
yesterdays slaughter Ardent support I
prs Of The Reds believed The Moranites 1
would solve Cicotle but never held the /
opinion he would be pounded from The
box The peerless right-handed veteran
was off form. A fact was barred in the
bear story that his wing was not
functioning properly.
other dope upon which the White
SoN castle had been built proved as
quicksand al The test. Joe Jackson.
chief willow swinger Of The hose toutcd
TO be lhe main cog in the wrecking
crew. went hiiless lie pushed only
one beyond The inneld a weak little
pepper that was gobbcd up by Greasy
Neale. Eddie Collins. his partner in
breaking the hearts Of American League
pitchers. bounced one feeble little hit.
Before ihe battle figures en the Reds
also We're upset. only two of the Reds
went hitless, while only Two were ng-
ured 10 do any hitting. ESddie Roush.
champion swaisman Of his circuit,
couldn't gel one on safe territory and
Larrs kopf proved equally unsuccess-
ful. Greasy Neale. figured as The weak
sister Of Tie Reds oulneld. drove out
three vicious singles
Jake Dauberi doped as being minus
The courage for a hot battle, raped out
two singles and a triple
II was sweet victory for Reuther and
when he held Buck Weaver TO a nzzly
little single. he secured sweet revenge n
Tor a stunt The SoN third baseman pulled
IN him back in his college days Reu-
her. pitching for st. Ignaiius College,
san Francisco. held the White Sox to a
rio ef hits up to the ninth inning Of n
m exhibition game. Weaver broke up I
he game in the last frame with a hom- I
r. Reuther has been laying for him /
'ver since. He's all square now.
Evening journal., 1919-10-02
"Y" GOSPEL PARTY
BUSY THESE DAYS

The Y. NJ. G.. a. meetings in the
various industrial plants of Whining
ton and vicinity have been greatly en-
larged in scope this year. An alto
gelher new policy has been outlined by
Frank p. Mitchell, extension secretary
Of the local "N" and Clarence H. Keen,
religious work secretary, and the fall
aud winter season this year Will be
exceedingly busy.
These religious meetings in the local
shops have been taking place now for
Eine years, starting in 1911 with few
scattered gatherings and growing until
TINS season. when fifteen meetings will
be held in the shops every week.
The following plants are now in
cluded in the itinerary Of the Y NJ. C.
A. gospel party: Pullman shops, Penn
syNania railroad shops at Edge Moor,
Electric Hose and Rubber Company.
Diamond state Fibre Company at Els
mere, Edge Moor Iron Company and
the Speakman company
Mrs. Clarence II. Keen will assist her
husband I'm many OF the meetings dur
ing the next few months.
Evening journal., 1919-10-02
MILFORD HEARS
EXPERTS TELL OF
new SCHOOL CODE
Continued from First Page.

IS not altogether responsible for the
increased taxes, as IL would have been
necessary without the code to increase
me rate in most instances because OF
the high cost OF maintaining every
function OF the government.
In speaking Of the attendance feature
O. the code, which some have OBJ
jected to as being too stringent, Mr..
dupont said. no matter what the pen
sliy, the children would go TO school
and the parents would see that they
60, as soon as the proper system is
worked out
MIR dupont said he thought the great
difficulty with the school problem is
that most Of the people were surprised
TO learn Of the conditions Of the schools
of the State. He was of the opinion
that the entire State was ashamed of
these conditions and had now reached
the point where I'VE are trying 10 con-
ceal II from ourselves" The next
point, he said was TO right these things
and he thought after the situation is
understood everyone will
help in this respect. He stated that he
had been school commissioner for 20
years, and like many others did not /
luring all that time understand cOndi- |
ions as they were.
In concluding dupont said the
ode itself could not accomplish much,
Ieither could the Board of Education,
Without the cooperation Of the people.
lie stated cooperation is what is need
d most TO improve educational condi-
ions in Delaware.
DR.. Odell in his address spoke OF Della
ware moi being up 10 the level Of other
tates in educational efficiency. "Dela-
ware children" he said. ARE entitled
O Just as good educational advantages
S the children Of other States, and at
he present time they are not getting {
t." {
lie stated that no one connected with 7
he educational system Of the State has {
ny political axe to grind, and added; j
Anyone opposing the code for partisan !
II political purposes a criminal ,and c
traitor 10 humanity"