The sun., 1919-07-11

by nothing but fear Their hearts were
with their kinsman In the Balkans.
These were all arrangements OF
power, not arrangements of natural
union or association. 1t was the i'm
perative task of those who would make
peace, and make It intelligently. to es-
upon the free choice of peoples rather
than upon the arbitrary authority OF
Hapsburgs or Hohenxollerns.
"More than that, great populations
bound by sympathy and actual kin to
Rumania we're also linked against their
will to the conglomerate Austro- Hun
gerian monarchy or to other allen
sovereignties. and II was part of the
task Of peace to make a new Rumania,
as we'll as new Slavic State clustering
about Serbia.
And no natural frontiers could be
found to these new fields of adjustment
and redemption. 1t was necessary to
look constantly forward to other related
tasks. The German colonies were to be
disposed of. They had not been governed
they had been exploited merely, without
thought Of the interest or even the ordi-
nary human rights of their Inhabitants
The Turkish Empire. moreover. had
fallen apart as the Austro- Hungarian
had. 1t had never had any real unity
1t had been held together only by pitt
less inhuman force. Its peoples cried
aloud for release, for succor from I'M
speakable distress, for all that the new
day of hope seemed at last to bring
within its dawn. Peoples hitherto in
utter darkness were to be led out into
the same light and given at last a
helping hand. Undeveloped peoples and
peoples ready for recognition but not yet
ready to assume the full responsibilities
of statehood were to be given adequate
guarantees Of friendly protection, guild
ance and assistance.
And out of the execution of these
great enterprises of liberty sprang op-
portunities to attempt what statesmen
had never found the way before to do
an opportunity to throw safeguards
about the rights OF racial. national and
religious minorities by solemn interna-
titnal covenants: an opportunity to limit
and regulate military establishments
where they were most likely to be mis-
chieSous an opportunity to effect a COM
plete and systematic Observation-Disclosures
of waterways and railways which were
necessary to the free economic life Of
more than one nation and to clear many
OF the normal channels of commerce OF
unfair distractions OF law or Of privi-
lege, and the very welcome opportunity
to secure for labor the concerted protec-
ton OF definite international pledges Of
principle and practice.
Tasks nseparable From Peace.
These were not tasks which the con-
ference looked about II TO find and went
out OF its way to perform. They were
inseparable from the settlements Of
peace. They were thrust upon 1t by
circumstances which could not be over
looked. The war had created them. In
all quarters of the world old established
relationships had been disturbed or
broken and affairs were at loose ends,
needing to be mended or united again,
but could not be made what they were
before. They had to be set right by
applying some uniform principle of jus
tice or enlightened expediency. And they
could not be adjusted by merely pre-
scribing in treaty what should be done.
New States were to be set up which
could not hope to live through their first
period of weakness without assured sup
port by the great nations that had con-
scented to their creation and won for
them their independence. III governed
colonies could not be put in the hands
of Governments which were to act as
trustees for their people and not as
their masters II there was 10 be no
common authority among the nations
to. which they were to be responsible in
the execution of their trust.
Future international conventions
with regard to the control of waterways.
with regard to Illicit traffic OF many
kinds. in arms or in deadly drugs. or
with regard to the adjustment of many
varying International administrative ar
ranEements, could not be assured II the
treaty were TO provide no permanent
common international agency, II Its exc
cution in such matters was TO be left
TO the slow and uncertain processes of
cooperation by ordinary methods of ne
COLLATION..
"If the Peace Conference itself was to
be the end OF cooperative authority and
common counsel among the Govern
ments to which the world was looking
to enforce justice and give pledges OF
an enduring settlement. regions like the
Saar Basin could not be put under
temporary administrative regime which
did not involve transfer of political
sovereignty and which contemplated a
final determination Of It's political con-
nections by popular vote to be taken
at distant date; no free city Ike
Dantzig could be created which was,
under elaborate International guaran-
ties, W accept thttpllOudl ODllRdllolS
with regard TO the use OF its port and
exceptional relations with state of
which IT was not to form a part prop
erly safeEuarded plebiscites could not
be provided for where populations were
at some future date to make choice what
sovereignty they would live under. no
certain and uniform method OF arbitra-
ton could be secured for the settle
ment OF anticipated difficulties of ANAL
decision with regard to many matters
dealt with in the treaty itself; the long
continued supervision of the task OF
reparation which Germany was to un-
dertRke to complete within the next
generation might entirely break down /:
the reconsideration and revision of adj
mnistrative arrangements and restric-
tons which the treaty prescribed, hut
which il was recognized might not prove
OF lasting advantage or entirely fair
II too long enforced would be impractical
BILE
THE promises Governments were
making to one another about the way
In which labor was 10 he dealt with, by
law not only but in fact az well. would
remain a mere humane thesis II there
was 10 be no common tribunal OF opinion
and judgment 10 which liberal states.
men could resort for the influences which
alone might secure their redemption.
League Practical Necessity.
"a league OF free nations had become
practical necessity, Examine tho
treaty of peace and you will fud that
everywhere throughout it's manifold pro-