Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-04-06
IslMPL|F|ED LESSONS IN
B. CARE OF AUTOMOBILE
Different Systems OF Lubricat ion
Explained In Language Easily
Understood.
MANY QUESTIONS ANSWERED
Expert Frederick Gucrr!ick Gives
Solution OF Problems Sent Him
81, by Car Owucrs-Eorcc and Pump
Over Plans.

For the fabrication OF an automobile
: engine an oil is almost always used.
, while for other parts OF the car a
grease is usually used.
In the present day engine the oil is
poured into the crank case OF the en-
gine. and then, by what is known as
= the splash. the pump or pour over.
or the force systems or by combna
lions of these, is fed to the various
: In the splash system the oil is
poured into the lower crank case to
rerolrcs. the lower ends Of the con-
Meeting rods dip into the oil. and in
the oil is thrown out from the con
meeting rod. it will strike the sides
OF the crank case and from there. after
r breaking up into small drops. bounce
out, and be hit by some moving part
OF the engine. when it will be broken
up into still smaller drops. until in
under the pistons is flied with what
might be termed a mist OF oil.
AS this mist comes III contact with
the various surfaces. it Will condcnse
and adhere TO tn. surface. Thus some
Will collect on. tho bottom portion of
Inc piston; and on its upward stroke
be carried UP and so ubricatc tho
piston and cylinder; some vii! gather
on the under side OF the piston head.
drips from the center into a hole in
the top OF the connecting. rod. and so
J
gather on the main crank shaft bear
Ing brackets. and run down the sides
81 these into holes in the bearings.
cred with oil.
AS the pressure on the crank pin is
on the top the oil mus, get 10 II
through the bottom portion OF the
bearing. For this purpose Il no.: is
Meeting rod or crank pin bearing and
immediateiE in back OF il fla. or
hollow scoop is placed AS the con-
the oil Will run up the scoop and
through the hole. much the SANE as
the water ran up your arm and wctted
stuck your hand into the water while
IN r 4 mGSn si9S row or motor boat
lubricatsd with Grease. but i'' nst Mhfy
some OF the oil from the crank case
gets into the half-timc gear casing so
that the gears dip into this oil
In many cases when a straight splash
system was used. il was found 10 have
ono fault. namely. when the engine
OIL would be splashed about and gather
on the wans and parts that the oil in
~ tne connecting rods would not have oil
10 dip INTO. TO overcome this fault.
what is known as the constant level
splash system WAS Introduced
In the constant level splash system.
the lower crank case is divided into
Two parts. the upper. consisting Of a
and the lower simply being I'm, "'t oil
iHse tSe oil Tine IN bS sonneGting rods dip
OF which is maintained constant by
means Of an overflow and pump.
The overflow Will keep the level from
gettinE too nigh: and the pump, by
pumping moro oil as the engine runs
iaSter' from getting too low.
nc uSu"I practice : 70 pump the
OH UP 10 glass placed OH the dash o.
instrumen, board. from which +; lows
o! gravity through pipe. which pipe
Quantity OF the OIL Will be fed into each
Lr9uSh The glass viii indicate 10 the
driver how the oil is howing or circui-
atlnE and also its condition
The oil pump il usually a gear rotary
pump, driven by tile cam shaft. 4
screen OF wire ,ean2e is placed around
from az grit and other injurious mat
Ter before being pumped. At least
e care yea. ihis screen should be
oil Will De impcded
To keep the oil from working out.
lnrough the main bearings. the ends
o. the crank shaft are packed with
felt; which Is The hes; known material
tr keep oil Or grease from WORKING
Gu" w hiG1ns fa 2 FS ,Ll,,inS3 shaft
fron5 hi!S rft( Is use" TO Keep Tire oil
revolving parts IL i KEEP; from gcttine
out between ooll,ed joints 10y the use
been eI freshly coated with shellac.
The illustration shows the constant
level splash system.
f% Hr, system al i.!tricntion Described
ton Is used me III - mumneJ d. tr r(I
the crank case aud forced through :,
series OF pipes 10 the main bearings.
From the main bearings the oil goes
TO the connecting rod bearings ;hreu OH
the arms OF the crank shaft In order
ZOE the OIL TO pass through the crank
SHAFT arms holes are drilled in II. Such
u crank shaft is termed .hCliow
crank shaft"
The oil Will pass through the crank
smart arms because Of the force from
the pump, ana also because OF the