davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1919-04-11
FIRE HIT 0RMSBY HARD
Half Block Destroyed; Caused People
To Rise Early.


To Rise Early.
Fire started by lightning early yes
terday morning destroyed the south
half of the business block at Orms-
by, the little village on the line
between Martin and Watonwan coun-
ties. The loss is estimated at $4,000
says The Fairmont Sentinel.
The burned buildings include:
Smiths general store and stock.
Pearson's Garage.
Restaurant building, occupied as
dwelling.
Syverson's furniture and harness
shop (damaged)
Some of the cars were gotten out
of the garage but nothing was saved
from the store. The buildings were
of frame construction and burned
rapidly The flames seemed to
break out in all of them at once, &C
cording to reports from the village
this afternoon.
Villagers poured from their homes
half dressed and organized bucket
brigade when the alarm of fire was
spread. Their. efforts probably saved
the remainder of the town.
The loss is partially covered by in
surance. The burned area was on
the Martin county side OF the line.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1919-04-11
Father of HAYS Is M.

Sullivan, Ind, April John T.
Hays. seventy three years old, father
of Will Hays. national chairman OF
the republican party, is at the point
of death at his home here. Doctors
were of the opinion that he could live
but a very few hours at the most.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1919-04-11

Mrs. r. w. Holcomb of Elysian was
calling on friends in the city yester-
day.
: Misses Alma and Gertrude Miller
have returned from the twin cities,
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1919-04-11

Miss Dorothy Jaeger of Mankato
normal visited her grandparents, Mr..
and Mrs. George L. Cheadle, ST., over
Saturday and Sunday.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1919-05-22


desrabty merchandise this White
everything White that
Thrift Read
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-11
Demand for Raw Materials
!, q Winter. ,n I,eslie's.

Nevin Q. Winter, m LeSue s.
 You may scarcely know where Es- thonia, Lettland and Lithuania are, but each has a government that demands recognition and millions of subjects who have wants Reclaimed Russia will have nothing but undeveloped resources to offer to the world for her accumulated wants, and heavy debt which will be . first claim upon them. I am leaving Germany out of consideration. Germany is resourceful enough to meet the sit uation unaided. In addition to food and actual human necessities, the demands of these countries for raw materials for their factories will be almost incal- culable If the factories do not operate the employees cannot purchase their ne cessties, and horrible destitution will result
 The question of financing the old but almost wrecked states, as we'll as those just placed upon the map by the peace conference, must be solved. Shall food be refused starving people because thelr governments have no gold to pay for it? Shall the raw materials for the opera tion of the factories so essential to the prosperity of such a country as Czecho- Slovakia be withheld for lack of cash to settle with the producer? These are problems toward which the keenest intel lects must devote themselves.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-11

arousing further interest-and spreading information concerning the plans and purposes of the proposed organization. If the community is sufficiently interested second meeting is called, and an organ ization committee appointed. This com mittee is furnished withsa suggested set of bylaws by the superintendent, which it decides to recommend either in their entirety or with such amendments as local conditions appear to require At this meeting also five persons are selected to act as a board of directors. A credit com mittee and supervisory committee, each composed of three members, are also named. At the third meeting the bylaws recommended by the organization com mittee are adopted by the entire organ iZation with~or without amendments. Nee essary books and business forms are also provided for at this time.
 Two copies of the bylaws and an or ganization certificate are acknowledged before d notary public and approved by the superintendent of credit unions. One copy of each of these documents is filed in the state division of markets, and a duplicate copy is sent for filing with the clerk of the county superior court. The work of incorporation is then com plete, the cost being limited to the notary fees and B for the recording and filing of the papers. The members of the board
 
 sworn in and a bond is prvided for the treasurer.
 The board of directors appoints a bank committee to select some local banking institution through which the union does it's business. The credit union is ac- corded treatment similar to that which one bank gives another. As rule it re- ceives per cent interest upon time de- posits and per cent on monthly bal ances, while it borrows from the bank at per cent interest.
 The business of the organization is for mally begun at fourth meeting at which time each member buys one or more shares of stock at $10 share, and de- posits with the union any idle cash that can be spared. The union also accepts deposits from non-members. Its opera tions are similar to a small scale bank but it is able to operate at a minimum of expense since most of the overhead ex- penses of a regular bank are eliminated The officers, with the exception of the treasurer, receive no compensation. The treasurer, who is required. to devote three or four hours a week to the business of the organization, usually receives a sal- ary of about $50 year. The credit union thus becomes primarily a mutual society of borrowers and depositors operating un- der state law
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-11

rain or sunshine next day, gives warn ing of floods, storms and frosts, and late ly has been of great assistance in the transatlantic flights by aircraft. These arc merely instances of the work of the department of agriculture that should come into the acquaintance of every American.
 To list everything that will be includ- ed in the department of agriculture ex- hibit would mean the cataloging of hum dreds of items. Here are few of the subjects to be treated:
 Bureau of Animal Industry-Poultry raising, meat inspection, silo construction. dairy buildings. sheep buildings, methods of combating animal diseases.
 Bureau of Plant Industry--Corn produc- ton. seed corn and breeding, cereals, for age crops, fruit growing, home improve ments.
 Bureau of Chemistry-Plant dust explo- sions, farm treatment of hides. enforce ment of food and drugs act destruction of adulterated foods. vegetable drying, use of flour substitutes
 work with men, women, boys and girls from the national, state, county and com- nunity standpoint: making available on the ia rm the facts that are developed in scientific research.
 Bureau of Entomology-Des in SectS and methods Of com Datlng them, weevil proof granary, insecticides, fungi cides and spraying equipments.
 Forest Switzerland epsion through deforestation, woodland improvement forest fire effects and prevention recreation in the national forests, grow ing windbreaks. fence-post treating, good and bad lumbering timber sales in the national forests, box testing, wood waste and utilization.
 Biological Survey-Migratory birds. fur farming, destructive birds, beneficial birds. rabbits destructive rodents and predatory animals.
 Bureau of Public Roads-Picturesque American highways, roadside treatment, farm drainage, farm buildings. road con- struction and relocation, planning farm steads.
 Bureau of Markets-Parcel post and grading of fruits and vegetables,e city marketing and storage of the same pro ducts, grain grading demonstrations in the important grain-producing states. ' Bureau of Soils--Soils best adapted for cotton, truck crops, wheat, fruit and other products, representative soils of the United States, with some of local inn portance, methods of soil analysis and soil surveys, fertilizers.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-11
DAIRY COW NATURALLYCLEAN

Sightliness and attractiveness are fem lnine assets whiche extend even to the dairy COW. Naturally she is a clean and tidy beast. Unfortunately man has been obliged to confine the dairy cow closely in stables during certain periods of the year. with the consequence that unless he daily brushes and grooms the dairy matrons. their sleek, seemly coats soon lose their gloss and luster and become densely matted with dirt and litter. For the same reasons that it pays to groom korses-greater efficiency from neat, spick-span coats-it also proves invalu- able to doll up'' the dairy COW daily by vigorous application of brush and curry comb. Cow comfort-that inexplainable condition of well-being which means ami nal satisfaction and the economical pro- duction of the maximum flow of milk-is fostered by careful and persistent groom ing during the season when the cows need such extra attention, as ordinarily dur ing the pasture period the animals of their own accord keep themselves clean The enthusiastic use of the brush and currycomb. supplemented by a moist cloth, as siege guns against dust and dirt are good mediums for increased produc- ton, according to the opinions of progress sive dairymen reported to the United States department of agriculture. They maintain that clean coats and luxurious
 
 production of milk. If you doubt the profits from grooming dairy cows, put it up to Bessie and her stable mates via the referendum vote method.
 From sanitary standpoint, the dense- ly matted, filthy and caked coat of, the dirty COW is one of the main sources of contamination in milk. Filth dries on the body of the animal and unless 1t is removed previous to milking, DOT ton of it is likely to fall into the milk pail and carry undesirable bacteria with it. Hence, grooming cows is a funda- mental safeguard against inferior, germ laden milk. Where cows are grooomed daily during their period of close con- finement an attendant requires only about two or three minutes a COW to prepare and gloss up the animals as though for banquet. On the other hand, it is diff fcult and time consuming to clean off cows which have been kept without grooming in dairy stable.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-11
Our Great Problem
From Leslie's.

tnDm LeSue s.
 Strikes and threats of strikes constitute one of the most serious problems of the day. The public is made to suffer great inconvenience and loss, business is par alyzed and industry is unable to expand as it would with this handicap removed. It is not sufficient, to consider each sepa- rate dispute as it comes up. Some rem edy should be found that will prevent all such disturbances. This is the one great problem to solve which the admin istration and Congress should bend every effort in the interest of the public well fare The conference of the worlds cap tains of industry to be held at Atlantic City beginning September 29, under the auspices of the Chamber of Commerce or the United States, might we'll take up the problem of strike settlement as one of the most vital factors in the recon struction of the worlds disordered indus tries. A. c. Bedford. Harry A. Wheeler, Thomas W. Lamont, James A. Farrell and other eminent leaders of industry and finance who are planning the con- vention could perform no greater pub lie service than to work out some meth cd of solving the serious problems of re- construction work.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-11
Foreign Live Stock Work

The need to improve live stock tn the United States as a means of increasing efficiency in production and meeting com petition from abroad is apparent from efforts which foreign countries already have made along similar lines. Accord ing to reports received by the United States department of agriculture through consular channels, the federal govern ment of Brazil is now taking special measures to encourage breeders of sheep and goats. The assistance includes
 "The payment of an amount equal to one third of the cost of purchase and freight of rams and he goats purchased abroad for the purpose of reproduction up to % head of each species and sex (5o animals) per individual breeder as re- gards blood stock
 A moderate premium is also paid on pure-bred sheep of both sexes or on pure bred billy goats imported in excess of the breeder
 To obtain government aid breeders must prove. as the principal require ments: The reservation of at least hectare (24 acres) to four animals, that the pasture is abundant, suitable, sup piled with running water. and free from thorny plants likely to injure the wool Adequate barns and buildings, sheep dips, etc., must be provided and the animals imported must be accompanied by a cer- tificate of health.
 The purpose of the federal aid, accord ing to the reports. is to utilize more fully the vast areas available for breeding sheep and goats, improvement of breeds existing and the economic production of meat, wool and skins.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-11

The commendable practice is to groom and clean the cows daily at such time between the milking periods that there will be abundant opportunity for the dust put into circulation to settle so that it will not contamnate the milk it is drawn from the COWS. It is necessary for best fesults to wipe off the udder and Hanks of each COW with moist, clean cloth just before milking, in order to remove all the surface dust and dirt which has escaped the previous clean up processes. It is recommended that dairymen exercise special care to pro- vile plenty of material so that at all times they may use clean cloths in prepar- ing the cows for milking, as too com monly the wping cloth, unless carefully handled, becomes source Of contam- ination. It is also advisable to clip off the long hairs from the udder and Hanks of each cow as ordinarily they provide ideal places for the accumulation of dirt and filth.
 Extensive experiments conducted by the United States department of agriculture at the government farm, Beltsville, Md, show that milk drawn into sterile pail from dirty cows contained an average of g, GIT bacteria per cubic centimeter, while milk drawn from clean cows whose ud- ders and teats were washed immediately
  4947 germs per cubic centimeter. These tests were made immediately after milk ing. Naturally, on standing, the milk with the greatest number of bacteria would deteriorate most rapidly, due to the multiplication of the germs. Accord ingly, it's value as human food product would be greatly reduced, while it's in- troduction on the city market would be carefully scrutinized and. in some cases, punished by the health authorities.
 Pride should cause every dairyman to maintain his cows in an attractive, clean ly and sanitary condition every day in the year. In a way the appearance of the dow is an accurate measure of the ownef. In the same degree that neglect ed fences, overrun fence rows, tumble down buildings and unhoused machinery typify the shiftless, ne 'er-do-weH farmer. dairy cows which are dirty indicate the milk farmer who does not safeguard con sumers against contaminated milk.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-11
GETTING TT AND KEEPING IF

their earnings and savings for the huge sum of $26,ooO, ,Ooo, 900 to finance the war.
 An equal sum raised to finance the needs or peace would keep us predominant in the world of trade Out of the national income of some forty or fifty billion dol lars the people of this country can easily lay aside such a sum each year. To ac- complish this goal it is only necessary to spend our income wisely and judicious- ly, to get a dollars worth for each dol- lar we spend; to invest our surplus in sound securities, because this investment makes it easier for our basic industry and trade to function,
 And it should always be borne in mind that the one sure way for the individual to increase his capital is to put aside in savings some of every amount of money that comes into his hands, whether it be wages or sales proceeds, before he draws upon it for current or other expenses.
 The national mania for speculation keeps hundreds of millions of dollars tied up in margins and in unproductve enter prises. The resultant loss is more serious to the nation than the setback the indi- vidual speculator receives. In the same way huge sums are spent for luXuries and articles of small intrinsic worth, withdrawing that much money from the supply available to the basic industries which bring us real prosperity
 The man who turns aside from specu- lative proposition to put his money into furthering the activities of the real in- dustries of the country can feel the same thrill of patriotic service that he did in buying Liberty Bonds or Savings Stamps.
 And in the purchase of Liberty Bonds and Savings Stamps today he is indirect ly accomplishing the same service. The government must continue to draw upon the financial reserves of the country for large sums. Such portions of these amounts as the individual furnishes will not have to be furnished by the banks, which will have that much more available for industry and trade.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-11
What Is Breeding?

The following definitions have been adopted by the United States department of agriculture for use In the Better Sres-Better Stock campaign which it will conduct in cooperation with the va rious states, beginning October l:
 Pure -Bred-A pure-bred animal is one of pure breeding representing a definite, recognized breed and both of whose pa rents were pure-bred animals of the same breed To be considered pure bred. live stock must be either registered eigi- ble to registration or Gin the absence of public registry for that class) have such lineage that it's pure breeding can be definitely proved. To be of good typs and quality, the animal must be healthy, vigorous and creditable specimen of it's breed
 Thoroughbred-The term thorough bred applies accurately only to the breed of running horses eligible to registration in the General Stud Book of England, the American Stud Book or affiliated stud books for thoroughbred horses in other countries.
 Standard d-Bred-Applied to horses. this term refers to a distinct breed of Amer can light horses, which includes both tnotters and pacers which are eligible to registration in the AmericaH Trotting Register. Applied to poultry, the term in- cludes all birds bred to conform to the standards Of form, color, markings weight, etc, for the various breeds under the standard of perfection of the Amer ican Poultry associations
 Scrub--A scrub is an animal of mixed or unknown breeding without definite type or markings. Such terms as native, mon grel, razorback. dunghill, piney woods cayuse, broncho and mustang are some what synonymous with scrub although many of the animals described by these terms have certain fixity of type even though they present no evidence Of sys- tematic improved breeding.
 Cross-Bred- term applies to the progeny of pure-bred parents of different breeds. but of the same species.
 Grade-A grade is the offspring result ing from mating pure bred with scrub or from mating animals not pure-bred. but having close pure-bred ancestors. The offspring of a pure-bred and grade is also a grade, but through progressive i'm provement becomes a high grade.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-11
VALUE OF CREDIT UNION

One of the greatest needs of farmers in the United States is short-time personal credit on reasonable terms. The fed eral loan banks are taking good care of the land-mortgage requirements in many cases, but they are not always available for new settlers and for farmers or planters who need personal loans to buy i've stock, implements or other equip ment. The need for short-time personal credit IS shown as a result of an inves- tigation by the United States department Of agriculture in the southern states where it was found 50 per cent of the farmers depend upon advances from mer- chants during the crop-producing season. Credit extended by merchants, commonly known as the advancing system, is usual ly exceedingly high. It is estimated by the department that hundreds of millions Of dollars would be saved by the farm CTS each year if the means already adopt ed in number of communities were put into general use. The means referred to is that of propely organized rural credit unions.
 In nine states laws have been enacted under which faEners as we'll as wage earners in cities may organize credit unions. These laws, in so far as they affect rural credits, enable the farmers who are members to obtain loans on
 
 those secured by the city business men. The movement of surplus funds of the individual farmers has in general been toward the city, but ruraf credit unions encourage the retention of money made on the farm where it is most needed. Tn addition, it tends to turn the current of urban capital toward rural districts, as outside credit is secured through regular credit channels-the banks.
 It is impossible to formulate a method of procedure in the organization of credit unions that will apply to each of the states, but the plan followed in North Carolina, where IS strictly farmers or ganizations are now in operation. should be of interest. In North Carolina a branch of the state government, known as the division of markets, has been charged with the work of encouraging the organization of credit unions among the farmers and a special official, known as superintendent of credit unions, gives practical assistance in their organization and supervision of their activities.
 In North Carolina 12 or more persons in the community may organize a credit union, the first step being to sign an ap- plication for assistance, which is ad- dressed to the superintendent of credit unions of the state. Under his direction a meeting is called for the purpose of
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-11
Feed Sows We'll

Ordinarily the fall crop of pigs is far rowed between the middle of August and October 15. It is highly important that sows be we'll fed and carefully tended during this time, the care and manage ment of the dams being practically the same as that followed when the spring filters are farrowed. Similarly, fall pigs, after they are weaned, should be tpeated the same as spring pigs, except that in many parts of the country fall pigs do not have access to green forage crops.
 In the northern and colder locations, special attention should be devoted to housing and bedding the porkers, par ticularly the young pigs. These young sters should never be allower to sleep in sheds or pens where they are exposed to rain snow, nor should they be al- lowed to lie on damp bedding. Supply ing the fall pigs with plenty of dry, bright, clean bedding frequently-once every two or three days if necessary to keep the nests and beds dry and com fortable is prerequisite of successful hog management This point can not light in a warm, dry nest. and the prac- tical hog raiser who caters to this desire is the man who usually is able to make the statement, backed up with actual figures, that there is money in producing pork.
 The great danger which results from allowing the pigs to sleep in damp bed ding is that the next morning they go out into the cold air, often covered with steam, and consequently are likely to contract pneumonia or other serious ail- ments. Dry bedding. frequent changes of litter, well built houses, and plenty of feed of the right character are essential where the producer seeks a 100 per cent pig-raising record. Where these condi- tions are realized and particularly where the fall pigs are kept dry, sheltered and well fed, it is as profitable to raise au- tumn porkers as it is to produce spring pigs, despite the common belief to the contrary.