davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Know How
Your Ears !
Work? y

a NEW and interesting the
~ DRY as to the origin Of
Il n hearing has been pro-
pounded by Professor A.
Keith at the Royal Institute, Lon
don This theory, says a writer in
"The English Mechanic and World
Of Science" owes its origin to inves-
legations made by Sir Thomas
WHghtson over forty years ago
"and further pursued by him when,
after q long political career, he re-
turned to his early preoccupation. Sir
Thomas, who was not satisfied with
tho theory of Helmholtz as to the incl
dence OF sound waves and the mechan-
ism for conveying them to the brain,
showed that instead of one signal for
each wave there must be four. In 1904
Sir Thomas had asked the lecturer GER
tain abstruse questions about the in
ternal structure of the ear, and in or
der to answer them Professor Keith
undertook an investigation in which he
had to deal with most delicate mem
branes measuring from one one-hun-
dFeth to ono one-thousandth Of an
inch. and forming parts Of an intricate
system.
ITO show how nature had proceeded
to the perfecting Of the instrument he
illustrated as its foundation tho bal
ancing arrangement by which fish get
their Ideas Of orientation and keep in
equilibrium. This was elaborated in
tho car SO that waves of sound could
sot up signals by pressure and tension
on the cells just as the movements Of
the balance did in the fish. Nature in
troduced an extension of the original
system and added the lever and the
drum. the effect of which was to mag
nifty sound and make hearing more SEN
sitive. But oven without the drum
hearing was still possible to q modified
extent.
"The most wonderful innovation was
the basilar membrane with q shelf for
most delicate machine that recorded
sound waves, and, by means of pis-
, ton, conveyed their vibrations to the
primitive cavity, the fluid in it being
thereby displaced. This was the essen
tial mechanism Of the organ of hear
ing, and by its operation any energy
in the cell was carried through the
nerves to the brain. The discoveries
Of Englishmen. said the lecturer, we're
90 NH;
living, but Sir Thomas Wrightson's
| theory of sound transmission was of
such importance as to deserve recog-
milton. The sounds were sorted out b.
a series Of resistances, and the theory
Of hearing was thus brought into line
with that of sight and other sensa-
tons"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

A WRITER in "Scribner's" Of
"A fers a new defence of the cat.
couched in the following ex-
preston:
"A cat is master of that most subtle
OF the arts, reserve. Neither shyness
nor bashfulness is his: humility dwells
not in him, and modesty touches him
with but ineffective fingers. For mod
esty connotes two factors: a slender
confidence in self and an inner re-
straint from thrusting oneself forward.
Neither belongs to the cat. In our own
race only the Scotchmen have glorified
reserve and made q national trait of
reticenc', for canniness implies the
wisdom Of withholding expression. TIL.
Scotchman has claimed and won honor
for his limitation in expression. Not
so the cat. Calumny has fallen upon
him, and he is made to wegr the ad-
jectives 'stealthy' and selfish and
'treacherous.' We are apt, IN our large
minded way, to call reserve treachery
when we do not understand it. And we
never, in our large-minded way, will
understand the cat Though caution
and wariness tingle on his whiskers.
his half-closed eyes are focused on
some distant, unseen world. and en-
mesh his reserve with a sense of mys-
terry. lnscrutability wells the ex-
precision Of his eyes, something secret
and occult vibrates in the atmosphere.
and unseen forces which are at once
close and remote battle our perplcxed
and sumbroua Understandings"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

| apparent from the many ccntradio.
tory statements made by each that
they carried on no experiments to
determine the facts. This Came
rarius did, as the writer AYERS:
"He was the first botanist to dis
cover by actual experiment. that the
pollen is indispensable to the fertiliza-
ton Of the seeds and that the pollen
producing flowers or plants are there
fore male, and the seed-bearing ones
female, In nature"
Some Experiments
He conducted his experiments
with spinach, hemp and hops, In
which the pollen and seed-bearing
plants are distinct, and with Indian
corn or maize. He was likewise the
first botanist to discover, 200 years
after maize had been introduced m
Europe from America, that on re-
moving the pollen-bearing flowers
from the tassel Of an isolated corn
plant the seeds on the ears remain
unfertilized.
The outcome Of his experiments
led him to the following conclusion
regarding sex in plants:
They behave indeed to each other
as male and female and are otherwise
not different from one another. They
are thus distinguished with respect to
sex, and this is not to be understood. as
Is ordinarily done, as q sort of COMPARE
son, analogy, or figure of speech, but
is to be taken actually and literally az
such"
The result Of this pioneer expert
mental work and that which has
come after has led to "plant breed
ing" which strictly means the pro-
duction Of new types Of plants as the
result Of crossing. 1t in turn in
wolves knowledge of sex and the
behavior of hybrids. On the sub
ject Of hybridization Camerarius
wrote:
1.-THE diticult question. which 10 also
a new ono. IL whether female plant
san be ksxsjIsse h9 . aaAls q enothsy
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

charm-a little toy. There is only
rotary motion in the steam turbine"
Captains Orders
Instructions from the captain may
be sent either by loud speaking tele-
phones, by indicators, by lights or
by messenger. Following these in
structions, the engineers standing at
the switchboard "can start the
vessel forward or start it backward;
they can make it go many different
speeds in either direction; they can
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
A New Fuel

Liquids and solids do not ordinarily
mix, and the idea of combining coal
and petroleum to make new fuel
sounds rather chimerical at first, says
Popular Mechanics" Yet that very
thing has been done, and successfully.
by pulverizing the coal so finely that
1t forms a colloidal or suspended mix
ture with oil. This compound passes
freely through all regular oil pipes
and burners, 30 that it can be used
for power and heat without equip
ment change; and 1t generates
greater heat value than oil alone
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
le Lesson Of the Date Pan-E40w Science Has Applied

and to whom reference has already
been made, says plainly In his book.
of the Marvels of Nature, and Of tho
Singularities of Creating Things the
date has q striking resemblance to
man, through the beauty of its erect
and slender figure, its division into
two distinct sexes, and the property,
which is peculiar to it, of being fe-
undated by sort of union
However, the lesson which the date
palm might have taught men--that all
plants possess sex, and hence that
breeding can be conducted with them
as with animals-appears to have been
lost. Even in those regions where
the date was grown, the idea which the
long continucd practice Of artificial
pollination ought to have suggested
that it was possible to breed and i'm
prove other plants in like manner
seems never to have arisen. One would
naturally suppose that the ancient
Babylonians, having learned the art Of
artificial crossing in the case Of ono
plant, would have applied the Same
process to others"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

run all four Of the motors from one
Of the power plants or from the
other power plant; they can even
split up the load, so that one power
plant will run two Of the motors
forward and the other power plant
will run the other two astern. An
other combination they can effect
is that both power plants can
equally share the load of driving
the four motors-one to each pro
peller."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

kind. the female hemp BY tho male
hops, the castor bean from which ono
has removed the staminate flowers
through pollination with the pollen Of
Turkish wheat (maize); and whether.
and in what degree altered, Seeding
will arise therefrom"
In this fantastic paragraph is
summed up the fresh spirit Of new
era Of scientific investigation. Cam
erarius himself seems never to have
tried the artificial crossing of plants,
and it was a full hundred years
before his discovery regarding sex
in plants received any recognition
whatever, and before we find the
first recorded instance of an actual
experiment in hybridization.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

knots. "a nautical mile or knot is
$3.50 feet, as against $3.50 feet in a
land mile.)
"1n two separate steel compartments
Is by as feet are located the two
turbine generator sets, each not over
27 feet long. The turbine itself is
little larger than a hogshead Of
molasses laid over on its side. 1t
seems almost incredible that this
small machine can generate 10000
horsepower from steam.
"The engine rooms Of most ships Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Snake Bites
Nv VARS have invariably been
w followed by crime waves,
w sociologists find, and the

Snake bite caused 23,91S deaths in
British India in 1917, nearly 800 more
than in 1916. There were 2,176 per-
sons killed by wild animals, 1O2 less
than in 1915. Tigers got 1909; leop-
ards, 339; wolves and bears, 28O;
elephants and hyenas, SO. Of the 456
get down to "other animals" 80 are
assigned to pigs, and 1919 to crocodiles.
Popular Science Monthly.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

the past have been tangle of bending
and curving pipes, and in order to
move about the men had to stoop down
to go under them or climb over them
or squeeze between them. When one
Of these pipes burst it practically
meant the death Of every man in the
engine room. One Of the advantages
of these power plant rooms in the New
Mexico is the fact that there is only
one steam pipe in the room, and that
is only sixteen feet long.
"In each of these two power plants
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

ter known to science under his Latin
ized name of Camerarius, finished the
writing of an extremely long letter to
his friend, Professor Michael Bernhard
Valentin, of the University of Giessen.
"This extraordinary letter, which
fills some fifty printed pages, is entitled
counts at length, not only the knowl-
edge, slender enough though 1t was on
this subject, which existed up to his
time, but gives full description of
Camerarius' now extensive expert
msutal .woxks
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

the steam turbines make electricity
for driving the battleship. From the
outside the most interesting thing
about these wonderful rotary steam
engines, called turbines, is their small
size, their light weight, and the fact
that they are SO perfectly inclosed
that you cannot see anything move. A
turbine of 10000 horsepower when
compared in size and weight with the
great triple and quadruple expansion
steam engine that had been used until
recent years is practically a watch
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Crime brushes
in the
Wake

w VARS have invariably been
M followed by crime waves,
' sociologists find, and the
increasing offences in
England since the Great War have
,ed students there to believe this
last war will be no exception to the
rule.
According to a writer in "The
Regina Daily Post:
"The subject has been dealt with In
. scientific manner by German crimi-
noloeist, Dr. Erich Wulffen, judge of a
district court, so long ago as October,
1915. He points out, however, that the
influence Of war on the criminality Of
a people cannot be judged until from
two to FIVE years after the war. Ac-
eording to statistics, the total of all
crime decreases during a war in all
nations, and this, DR.. Wulffen shows,
is proved in striking manner by the
French and Prussian criminal statistics
of 1901. Beginning with the very
year after that war, the figures again
reached the point where they had been
before, and continued to increase ap-
probably during the next three to five
year Then they dropped again to the
ante-bellum ratio.
Influences of war on criminality, DR..
Wulfen holds, become distinctly per-
ceptible, and become stronger in pro-
portion to the length of a war, and
for that reason we must expect con-
siderable increase in criminality in all
the belligerent nations after the war
This authority discusses the question
Of weapons. He observes:
GAS the criminal does not himself
invent any weapon, but simply makes
use Of war weapons already tested, we
shall probably witness after the war
q more widespread use by criminals Of
the new weapons brought forward in
she present conflict
"Dr. Wulfen discusses another inter
estlng question as to whether there
will not be al evil influence on the
criminality of children whose fathers
have been participators in the war,
born after or during the conflict This
may we'll be the case, he contends, if
the fathers have gone through nerve
SCATTERING horrors. When it Is con-
sidered that in the present war the
millions of soldiers at the front repre-
senting 10 per cent Of the population
were exposed for long period to the
effects Of warlike experiences which
far exceed in violence and nerve-shak-
ing characteristics, the question is one
OF great Importance. Definite conclu-
sions cannot be reached on incomplete
statistics or taken over too short q
period. The greatest panacea for all
social disturbance naturally is the
gospel Of work"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

ut is almost Incredible, but It is a
fact, that this constitutes the first
piece of actual scientific investigation
into the question of the existence Of
sex in plants that had ever been made
since the date palm had thrown out its
frat plain and single suggestion more
than 1000 years before"
While the Greek and Roman writ
ers, among them Aristotle, Pliny and
Theophrastus, had commented upon
the supposed sex in plants, citing
he date palm az an example,. II 10
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

0 ONE can tell precisely !
u when men first began the
cultivation and dornestica-
ton of plants and animals
they found about them, according to
writer in 1.-THE Journal of Hered-
ity." But it seems certain that the
earliest home of civilized man on
earth was in the lower basin Of the
Iigris and Euphrates rivers, in
southeastern Asia, the site of the
Biblical Garden Of Eden" known
locally to-day by the Arabic name Of
"Iraq."
The history Of the date palm, the
writer declares, typifes, better than
That Of almost any other plant,
mans relation to the plant world as
moulder of its cultivated forms. A
6abylonian hymn, quoted by both
Fiiny and Strabo, prescribes 800 uses
aor the plant, and as late as the
'nirteeuth century Marco Polo, the
celebrated traveller, speaks Of "a
great city called Bastra, surrounded
y woods, in which grow the best
Oates in the world"
It was learned In that early day
nat date palms were Of two sexes,
% the writer remarks:
The Babylonians understood that
Ne Gate palms were Of two sorts. male
'"n female by nature, and they utilized
'"'1 knowledge in practical way by
s's'H'nx 70 artificial pollination Of the
ts"sls trees In order to make then.
ssf moro sbundsntly. We also know
'as' Tho Arabs HAYS continued this
'e"es nnintsrruptcdIy TO tho present
s"s' hdeed. they seem 10 have had
instinct understanding that tho date
ss'n rsssessed sex In the same s.nrs
9 ~a'eh IT exists In the animal king
lsn.
sssisi. ~ Assa sbsus ssz~A.4D.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
ages Passed

The writer explains that their
failure to do 80 is in a measure ex-
plainable. No other important plants
with which they came into contact
showed a similar striking division
into two distinct sexes. There was
no Indian corn, in which pollination
is conspicuous fact.
Continuing:
cages Of oblivion had rolled over the
land where nature taught mon their
first lesson In plant breeding. Nearly
all that We commonly call tho history
Of the world had taken place. On
August 25, 1894. In his laboratory in
tho University OF Tubingen, In South
Germany, Rudolph jacob Cameron.
professor Of natural philosophy, bet
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Our One Hundred Per Cent Navy Leviatha1

Az Se@AAS0 w SSiCutlSLS DIdC-
Il tically the only 100 per
cent electric boat" Re-
Gently completed in the Brooklyn
Navy Yard, she is now travelling
the seas. an object of never-ending
interest to electric engineers.
A writer in "The Electrical Elk
perlmenter" points out some details
of the new battleship:
"This latest leviathan weighs $4,000
tons and requires $4,000 horsepower.
or one horsepower per ton. Her
weight Is equivalent to q bar of iron
weighing one pound to the foot and
forming band of iron from the North
to the South Pole with enough in ad-
dition to reach from Maine almost to
the borders of Florida. She is so huge
that 1T requires ten tugs to push her
from her pier in Brooklyn Navy Yard
out into the East River. From the
platform called the crows nest at the
the water is 100 feet, or equal in height
to ten-story building.
"The battleship can generate enough
electricity to run the giant General
Electric Works and the Schenectady
Railway Company.
Like everything else that is cleo
trical, the New Mexico Is the cleanest
institution Of her kind. There are no
engines or turbines connected with the
propeller shafts-only electric motors
There are no CRATES under the boilers
IN erely oil burners. There Is not q
coal or ash shovel on the ship; nor
are there any cinders, smoke, dust or
SCOT.
"The New Mexico Goals through
o-inch hose; that is because she burns
only oil for her power. The total oil
capacity Of the dozen or more COM
partments is 3,4OO tons, or 100000
pounds, or nearly million gallons. If
the New Mexico were an automobile
with mileage Of twenty miles per gal
Ion, this amount Of oil would drive her
close to 100000 miles, or a distance
equal to eighty times to the moon. But
the mileage of flivver, for it weighs
as much as $4,000 of those vehicles and
must plough through the water, dis
placing her own weight Of water each
time she runs her own length-624
feet. The cost of fuel is more impor- !
tant on shipboard than on land, and
this is emphasized by the fact that on
the 2,00O-mile trial trip she will dis
place over 620,0OO,000 tons of water"
Oil Fuel Burned
Oil fuel is burned, passing
through various processes until the
energy drives the propellers cleo
trically. James Watt, throughout
his life, opposed any steam pressure
higher than five or ten pounds to
the square inch. 1t is interesting
to note that the New Mexico's boil
ers supply steam at ESQ pounds per
square inch. After the steam is
generated and drawn from the
boiler it is again brought into con-
tact with the flames Of the fur
mace and heated to temperature
of 45O degrees f., or hot enough to
melt solder and TIN.
Continuing:
"For propulsion there are two cleo
trio power plants in separate compart-
ments. They are way down low in the
New Mexico close to the boilers. Each
of these power plants alone is able to
drive the battleship at speed of 10
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

water hhsn
general d pUng phmo fhhnhin
lb reecrcmd
drenfr hebrdgr
Courtesy Electrical E.erme
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

"For propulsion there are two cleo
trio power plants in separate compart-
ments. They are way down low in the
New Mexico close to the boilers. Each
of these power plants alone is able to
drive the battleship at speed of 18
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

n TO ONE can tell precisely
~ when men first began the
cultivation and domestica-
ton of n1ants and animal
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

a NEW and interesting the
~ DRY as to the origin Of
Il n hearing has been pro-
The Breckenridge news. (Cloverport, Ky.) 1876-1955, 1919-11-05
LOUISVILLE-CINTI
HIGHWAY CAMPAIGN
Louisville Business Men To Raise
$4,000 For Completion of This

The local campaign to raise $4,000
TO assure completion OF the Louis.
Vile Cincinnati Federal Aid Highway
to cost $2,5OO.0o0 began to-day. Will
liam B. Belknap active head OF the can
vass, will be assisted by the follow
ing local men: Richard Bean, James
+. Short, Thomas Trammell, presi.
dent of the Louisville Automobile
Club; Frank Dugan, ]. B. Baskin
County Commissioner; Albert Smith
and Rodman Wiley, former State
Road Commissioner Thirty citizens
of Oldham county will cooperate as
the purpose Of the campaign here
will be to raise Oldham's deficit in its
S16O, 900 quota.
The funds must be completed by
November Is, in order to obtain the
Federal aid money. The road will be
IFS miles long, and will parallel the
river most of the way. Madison, Ind,
raised $4,000 to complete the quota
of Trimble county, simply because
the road will touch point in Trim
BILE county opposite Madison.-Louis-
vile Times
The Breckenridge news. (Cloverport, Ky.) 1876-1955, 1919-11-05
PLEASURES.

like to rake the Autumn leaves that
clutter up the lawn,
| like to have the rooster wake me up
at early dawn,
like to hear the children shout at 1C
o'clock at night
like the next door photograph, II
fills me with delight.
like to build the furnace hre-how
could you have doubt!
like to sift the ashes and put the
barrels out,
like to chop the kindling and do the
the other chores,
like to entertain the folks that other
folks call bores,
like to have the baby wake me up
at 3 a. m.
like the Prussian Junkers, am very
fond of them,
like to lie, snoozing when break.
fast time draws nigh.
like to lie, to Tie, to lie, to lie, to lie
to lie.
The Breckenridge news. (Cloverport, Ky.) 1876-1955, 1919-11-05
ENGLISH CREED FOR
BETTER SPEECH WEEK
My English Creed

/ believe that my mother tongue is
worthy of my admiration, respect and
love
believe that it is possible for me
to speak my native language correctly
huently and elegantly.
| believe that it takes time, patience
and care.
believe that slang is language in
the making and that until it is made
il is not proper to use.
| believe that the use of slang kills
ones power to speak fiuently.
| believe that the proper accom-,
paniment to pure, clearly-enunciated
language is a musical voice.
/ believe that this voice can be cul-
,tivatd Cor it is every ones right by
inheritance. - ~ q. Is. &
/ believe il is possible to live up to
this creed
| believe il is worth while.
/ believe I'll try it.
BY Harriette Taylor Treadwell
The Breckenridge news. (Cloverport, Ky.) 1876-1955, 1919-11-05
HOW THE SILO HELPS TO
BEAUTIFY THE FARM

Glance across the nearest field
where corn has been mad into sill
az and observe how the silo help:
to beautify the farm landscape Just
at time when the cornfeld was a.
bout to lose its summer beauty ant
threatened to become a ragged GEM
etery OF crop hopes, stalks and ear:
are removed leaving a lairly smooth
ract which will appeal to the eye
all winter or which just as it lies
can be neatly tucked in by the COM
ing SHOWS.
If the hopes with which we tune
the check-row wire could live past
fall it might be different, but no mat
ter how good the crop may be, hope
dies when the ears are removed. The
husk hangs forlornly like something
devasted and abandoned, and every
wind brings down the leaves.
If the good crop is marshaled up
in bulgy shocks it has beauty for a
time, but sooner or later the shocks
are looted and carted away, the stalks
are strewn round and the field has a
respondent look.
But when the corn goes to the-silo
it carries with it all its summer beauty
and succulence; if it was dry sum-
mer or an over-wet blowy summer,
its beauty is enhanced by hiding be-
hind the silo walls. There is some
thing dignihed and substantial about
a big cylinder upreared beside the
barn. 1t is as refreshing a sight as a
stone water tower with ivy growing
over it The Country GenlIemanc