davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-23

otA1 W0IS1s 4v44AAASCOS0s 4IOA
with cactus juice, put their corn in
it with hot Goals, and shake the
basket to parch the corn. All their
meats are dried and the explorer
never could tell one from the other
but always had to ask what it was.
They have no fixed time for meals
and eating is more or less contin-
uous process, the pot being always
on the fire, and the housewife stirs
it with a spoon made of antelope
horn.
The Indians eat from baskets,
deep square trays, all the family
eating from one tray, taking up
the food with the fingers or with
the native corn bread. According
to Mr.. Spier these Indians could
give the average American house
wife many tips on the preparation
of corn dishes. He afirms they
have an almost endless variety of
them and most all are exceedingly
palatable. One of these corn pro-
ducts which was new to the ex-
plorer was made of green corn
mashed, made into patties and
cooked in corn husks. Mr.. Spier
afirms that it was delicious. How
ever, what he considered one of the
best dishes was made from squash
blossoms, boiled like spinach with
mashed corn. They use very little
salt and were amused that their
white visitor needed so much of it.
They do not use salt sparingly
because it is scarce as it is one of
their native supplies. rock salt be-
ing gathered by them in any guam
tity desired at the Grand Canyon.
Unlike those of other more civil
lied Indian tribes the women
of the Havasupai are we'll treated
nor are they called upon to do all
the work as both the men and
women work side by side in the
fields; but the labor is not hard as
things grow almost spontaneously
in the fertile lands at the bottom
of the chasm.
Perhaps the women work more
continuously than the men as they
are also the cooks, but they are not
overworked.
The men hunt a little, not much,
trade a little with other tribes, and
the women make baskets that is a
sort of fancy work of theirs and
both the men and women gamble
in sort of fantan played with ma
tive dice. They play for different
articles, money having but small
value in their eyes, which is not
curious when it is remembered
that in their canyon home they
have nothing to spend it for.
Mr.. Spier is of the opinion that,
although the least civilized, the
Havasupai are the cleanest of all
our North American Indians. The
sweathouse is the social club of the
place. The men use it constantly
and the women go in sometimes
with either husband or a brother.
Everyone has sweathouse and
two or three are usually going at a
time. One Of the men will say to
another, LET 60 over to So-and
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-23

Sos and have a sweat" and a
group will gather here and there.
Four seemed to be. the sacred num-
Der of the tribe. Four will go in
to the sweathouse together come
out and plunge into the creek and
then dry off and go in again until
they bad been in four times. They
dry off between sweats sitting out
side, and that is the time for
gossip.
The sweathouse is small, almost
alright hut. with a hot stone on
which water is thrown to make it
steam. 1t is pitch dark, and when
Mr.. Spier went in he was glad to
have some one with him, the gloom
being almost terrifying in the in
tense heat. The men wear simply
a breechcloth in going in and the
women a double apron.
For musical instruments thep eo-
pie have drums and rattles and for
recreation, besides gambling, they
have dances. In the fall when the
crops have been gathered they have
a big harvest dance which lasts for
several days. The walls of the
canyon, in which these Indians live,
are filled with caves in which Mr..
Spier is of the opinion there once
lived prehistoric people who may
or may not have been the ancestors
of these Indians. The tribe now
use these caves as storehouses and
also as places of protection in case
of floods, which are at times seri-
GUS in their bottom lands. The
tribe is thrifty and has always a
years store of grain on hand in
case of the loss of the crop by the
torrents.
While Mr.. Spier was with them
last summer one of these floods
came. 1t was in midday when
the men were in the sweathouses.
Suddenly the explorer was startled
to see his interpreter dart past him.
in sweathouse garb, calling in the
Supal language: Here she comes;
run for the cliffs!' He then gath
cred up a child in one arm and
grabbed the mother, whom he
pulled after him.
This was a cloudburst. and three
children, many huts, and a third of
the crops we're lost. In the caves
in the cliffs the people are safe and
when the water subsidies they again
return to their loWland homes.
The climate in the canyon being so
mild for greater portion of the
year the Havasupai do not really
need much clothing and for what
they require they principally de-
pend upon deerskins.
Mr.. Spier, when he arrived in
the canyon, was surprised to see
the old chief of the tribe dressed
in a semi-civilized costume and
prepared to receive him with all
due honors. After these ceremon-
les were over the dress of the white
man was quickly discarded by the
old Indian, who stated he believed
the breechcloth more comfortable
and certainly cooler.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-23
The Stars and the Bars

b
Oh, the Beautiful Stars from Heavenly height,
In bed of Blue where the Stars unite
The Forty and Eight on Field of Blue!
Oh, the Beautiful Bars of radiant glow,
The Crimson and White, the symbols of might,
That were woven in the Loom of Long Ago!
Is
Oh, the Glorifed Stars and Cleaning Bars!
We honor and know shone bright in the fight
That was fought in the night of the Long Ago!
-
Oh. my Beautiful Flag that was carried DER sea,
They're bringing it back with Glory to me,
For the war it was won and the World is Free!
-EdDn Beard (copyrightsd)
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1919-06-05
ISLE

DR.. Halves and some friends from
Mankato spent Saturday and Sunday
at the formers cottage here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bockoven of Princeton
arrived here on Saturday for brief
visit at the H. G. Schmidt home. They
recently purchased the George Mat
ter cottage and will move to Isle in the
near future.
Mrs. G. H. Wilkes returned home
from Minneapolis last Sunday.
Miss Alma Bergman of Isanti is
visiting her cousin, Miss Myrtle Mum
son. sss,ay4
Elmer Mattson returned home from
Rhode Island last week on furlough.
G. w. Olney and family autoed up
from Minneapolis last Thursday for
few days stay at their summer cot
tage. az
Miss Ethel Ice is home again after
teaching a successful term Of school
at Utica, MINI. N.
Mrs. Geo. Fairchild is visiting rela-
tives at Milaca this week.
Mrs. Karl Kummert came up from
Little Falls on Saturday for q visit
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1919-06-05
OPSTEAD

Mr.. and Mrs. Alfred Johnson and
son visited few days with relatives
at Glory this week.
Rev. O.. Larson conducted services
at Glory this week.
/ A reception was given at the
church here Friday evening to well
come Alfred johnson home again. He
recently returned from France, where
he had been in service for several
months.
Those from Isle who attended
church here Friday evening, were
Peter Olson, John Olson and wife,
Erick Lofgren and wife and Irwin
Carlson.
Albert Haggberg now hauls cream
two days in the week, Mondays and
Fridays. u
The Alex Under family are now
nicely settled in their new home, the
Ahlberg place.
Mr.. Fisher of Minneapolis is spend
1 ing few days at his cottage by the
lake. ~ + NH.
The rain which came Saturday and
Sunday was very welcome in this com
munity, as the fields were getting
h rather dry. sd Al IL
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1919-06-05

with her daughter, Miss Johanna.
Sabin Satterlund is back again, hav-
ing been honorably discharged.
Old Glory waved from our flag pole
on Tuesday to welcome Orval Ice, who
arrived home from overseas on Mon
day.
The Nyquist and Burman families
autoed to Brainerd on Sunday.
Chas. Carter and family arrived
here form Bemidji last week to spend
the summer at their cottage on the
point.
[ E. II. Lewis is moving his household
goods to his farm, south of town.
Messrs. and Mesdames P. Hagg-
berg and Clarence Carlson autoed to
St. Cloud last Thursday to attend the
funeral of Mrs. Peter Carlson. They
returned home on Friday.
Oscar Haglund of Opstead was in
town on Monday.
There will be dance in Winters
hall on Saturday evening, June z.
The Christensen orchestra will fur
nish the music.
Albin Wicklander and family Of
Cambridge visited relatives and
friends here last week.
B. F. Fredrickson is on the sick list
this week.
Memorial day was observed in Isle
by a parade, picnic dinner, speaking
and music. The returned soldiers and
sailors were given special honors. Al
ter the program a ball game between
Onamia and Isle resulted in victory
for the visitors, the score being to 9.
Olin c. Myron of Milaca spent Me-
mortal day here and gave a very in
teresting speech which was appreciat-
ed by all.
Miss Dorothy Person went to Du-
luth on Tuesday evening.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1919-06-05
Admission, Soc.
And Sc War Tax
LIvoNIA

Mr.. and Mrs. Lyman Walker and
family motored up from Minneapolis
and spent Memorial day at Chas. Co
hoes home. =
Ada Leonard spent several days in
Princeton with her sister, Zelma, the
past week.
Jon Van Ganderen was in Prince
ton on business the last of the week.
Miss Grace Tiff is home from Elk
River, where she has been attending
school the past year.
Several eighth grade pupils from
districts IA and Al went to thinner
man to take the state board examina-
lions on Tuesday and Wednesday.
Miss BERTHE Babcock came home
from Mortified on Friday, where she
has been attending high school.
Mrs. Albert Miller came home from
the Northwestern hospital in Prince
ton the first of the week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harley Hutchinson
and family and Mr.. and Mrs. Reed
from Leadyard, Iowa, autoed up to
Geo. Leonard's and made short cal
Sunday, returning Monday.
Albert johnson is pulling stumps
for Chas. Cohoes.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robt. Lemke and
daughter spent Sunday with the for.
mer's parents in Crown.
The Jas. and Bert Tiff families, Geo
! James, Jake Gramhill and H. Schu.
makers all attended the picnic al
Henry Young's in Baldwin on Sunday
in honor of their son, Ward, who re.
Gently returned from France.
Miss Olive Mallory has been hired
to teach the coming term Of school in
district ID and Miss Mayme johnson
in district al.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-25
Second Plebiscite
In Fiurne FavOrs
Italian Proposals
People Vote to Accept Plan
of Rome to Guard Liberty
of City and to Give Money
Assistance When Needed

ROME, Dec. 24--ln consequence of
doubts regarding the first plebiscite
at Fiume. another was taken Sunday,
which resulted in rs per cent OF the
votes being cast in favor the Ita ian
governments proposals relative to the
future occupation of the city, accordin.
to the "Giornae dItala." Major Giu-
riati, chief of Captain Gabrielle dan
nunzio's Cabinet. Is reported to have
resigned.
Newspapers state the basis Of agree
ment was as follows:
The italian government will keep in
IT'S possession the whole Of the ar,ni-
stice line, reaflirming the right of
Fiume to decide it's own fate. Note is
taken of the wishes of Fiume, as ex-
pressed October 80, 1918, and reaf-
irmed October 80, 1919, ard it is de-
care d Italy will never accept any other
solution. Fiume will receive fnancia
assistance so that it may be able to
-eastabi.h its life and to resume its
activities under the regime a free
posS..
During the transitional period it is
saiA J.. the Italian government will not
eXNSse its sovereign rights oyer
FiunMS the independence of which shall
in 10 way be diminished or violated
The government will not accept any so
luton pending to separate Fiume and
the surrounding territory from the
mother country, and meanwhile will
occupy and guarantee the integrity of
,1o
troops, which will be exclusively Of
Italian nationality. The rights Of the
local militia. which the city Of Fiume
has estab shed will be respected.
General Badoglio, Italian chief
staff, arrived here Tuesday from Fiume
and talked with Premier Nitti and
King Victor Emmanuel. Later the Pre-
mier had q ong interview with the
King and then called meeting of the
Council of Ministers, which for three
hours di cussed the Fiume situation
and also nte~nat onal questlors in
connection with the approaching visit
Signor Ntti to Paris. 1t is believed
he Fiume and Adr ATTIC questions will
reach a definite solution at the Paris
conference.
According to reports current here.
the meeting Of Allied premiers and
Orelgn ministers at ParlS. which was
to have been held the first fortnight
n January on request of Premier Lloyd
George Of Great Britain, may begin
earlier Besides the Premier and Wit
terio Scialoia, Dante Ferraris. Minister
of Industry and Commerce, will go 20
the F~ench capital for the purpose Of
scu7sing financial and economic
questions. The "Corricre dItala' says:
Probably Signor Ferraris Will also go
to America definitely TO comp etc finan-
cial arrangements which, in general.
have been approved by the United
States and which will settle the ex-
change situation and tighten the Itai-
ian financial burden"
Premier N.tti informed the Council
of Ministers he would leave Thur day
eveNin~ fo~ Paris and would return
only after having obtained definite
New-York tribune., 1919-12-25

teration in terms. and this contest was
backed by the National Association of
Holders of Railroad Securities. Dur
ing the first year Of Federal operation
only fourteen roads signed the COM
pcnsaton contract covering the period
of Federal control. Scmo railroad off,
cials asserted they never would sign
TIE contracts, but would let the matter
of their compen alton ultimately be
sett ed in the Court of Claims.
However, notifications have been
msde in the terms of contract to meet
individual conditions of the roads, and
now far more than n majority of all
the railroads in the country have
found against the original contract was
that the test period on which compen.
sation was to be based was not repre-
sentative in the case of roads that were
in financial difficulties during the three
years preceding 1917.
Another long standing quarrel be-
tween the Federal officials and the rail-
road executives arose over the question
Of new equipment which was bougnt by
the railroad administration and allo-
Gated and charged to the individual
roads in manner which the latter con-
sidcred arbitrary. Four hundred mill
ION dollars worth OF equipment was
thus purchased by the railroad admin
istration and financed temporarily by it.
Bond Flotation Devised
Recently the matter of raising funds
with which to repay the Administra-
ton was referred to private bankers in
Wall Street, and -hey ave drawn up
plans for national equipment trust
which would issue its obligations to
the public secured by the equipment.
Under this p an whicl. recently has
been made workable by the passing Of
necessary legislation by Congress.
$3.50 900 600 Of bonds will be offered to
the public. This offering will be made,
it is understood. as soon AS conditions
in the investment market improve suf-
ticicntly to assure bankers that the
Sc uritcs could be sold to the pub ic
With the cooperation Of the National
As ociation of Ra Tread Executives, the
railroad administration and the indi-
vidual roads have patched up their dis
putes regarding the ALLEGATION Of spe-
clhc equipment.
Meantime the question of further
repairs and bettcrments of the roads
has been held in allegiance until it be-
came known when the roads would be
turned over to private ownership.
Much deferred work remains to be
done.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-25
Il. s. RxiI Loss
$500, 00Q, 600
Record for T,co Years
Sho,Us Cost Of O,vner-
ship by Government

On the basis Of the returns for the
first ten months of the current year
the rai'road administration for 1919
will show a deficit in excess of the
500 100000 reported for the first year
of Federal operation and control The
net result for the first ten months of
this year is an operating deficit of
~ - I6S,l5S, which may be cut some
what by the returns for November and
December.
Many Of the railroads are not now
earning their fixed charges. owing to
increasing operating expenses and to
the loss Of traffic resu ting from diver
SION Of their business to other roads
during the period the United States
was in the war. Roads like the Baui-
more Ohio and the New York, New
Haven Hartford were particularly
hard hit in this respect.
20 Per Cent Increase Demanded
Owing to the rapid increase in oper-
atng costs, it is believed in railroad
circ es that an increase in freight rates
OF at lea 20 + cent viii te e..cd
to offset the higher opero ting expenses
and to maintain the credit Of the car
rlers. According to howard ....lo.C
more IMAM o. OUV,uOu VUU annuaIly VIII
be required to rehabi itate the trans
portauon structure from the adverse
effects Of government operation.
The so-cailcd standard return of
$685., 900 for all roads, it is argued,
by no means represents sum large
enough to attract new capital needed
tor future expansion. Failure to OBJ
tam additional revenue in the form of
higher rates, in the opinion of many
railroad men, will mean bankruptcy for
a number Of companies
The inability Of bankers to finance
the needs of the last year because of
their impaired credit is shown in the
statement that out of a total of $1,000,
600 bonds issued during the pas,
year Sl.75O.000 have been industrial
ponds the rest being in railroad bonds.
Government Loss S6CO,o00,00O
According to the estimate of the
rallrt ad administration the net operat-
ing income OF the systems il
% the government for 1915 and 1919
Will be S5ol l,777,4o9 less than me com
pansatlon to which the carriers are en-
tltled. mat IS to say, when all ac-
counts have been adjusted and paid
'te sovernlnent will have lost that
amount IN its two years of operation.
ooHgress has appropriated in all
900 for the use Of the rail- H.
road administration. Assuming that
'he governments loss will be in round
numbers 500 100000, it is estimated
that If the railways could pay on De-
cember 81 all that they owe the gov
ernment, $3.50, 100000 of the appropria-
TIN wou d be returned to the Treas
urv. Put tNis will not be the situa-
ton, for it is entirely impossible for
the carriers to repay out of income
the sums which have been advanced
oy the government for additions and
be etterments--expenditures which are
99rdinarly charged to capital account.
II viii become necessary for the gov
ernment to pay the railways large
the carriers may pay the interast -1Ino 4.
their bonds and other fixed charges,
New-York tribune., 1919-12-25
Cun1mi7s and Esch Railroad Bills
Differ in 3 Lnpoyfuxf Prouisiors

the Interstate Commerce Commission
to divide the country into rate dis
trlcts and to fix rates for the districts
as a whole The rates are to be ad
justed as far as possible for each dis
trict to give the carriers in that dis
trct an aggregate annual net rail-
way operating income" equal to 512
per cent upon the actual value of
property used in the transportation
service"
This basis of income is -tenths
of per cent higher than that of the
average FOR the three years preceding
Federal col oil, the basis of the pres
ent guaranteed compensation paid by
the governm mt to the railway owners,
and is estimated to provide an annual
net operating income to the railroads
OF the country Of about $4,000, 900 in
excess of that now beng paid by the
Federal government
The Federal Transportation Board is
to be composed Of five ~.embers, and
Will have power over such regu atory
statutes as the Car Service act, the
Safety Appliance act, the Hours of Ser
vice act the Locomotive Boiler lnspec-
tlon act and slmi ar measures; also it
Will also be charged with q proper CO.
ordination of rail and water transpo ta-
ton TIL t would promote greater use of
water routes.
The board also would have power to
prescribe uniication of operation of
railroads under emergency conditions,
and will have control over the issuance
of railway securities.
The Interstate Commerce Commits
sion retains all of its quasi judicial
p wers, its control over rate making
and rate adiustm ent, railroad account
ing and railway Valuations
New-York tribune., 1919-12-25
Orduna Has Stormy Trip

Making her last trip westward urder
harter to the Cunard Llne, tne Orduna
rrived yesterday from Liverpoo. and
Halifax. The trip was a stormy one A
total of 1856 jassengsrs was landed in
New York
Marie A. Czap1icka. the first woman
professor at Oxford University, @as a
passenger. After lecturing in London
in September she visited Po'and. her
native country. She will lecture at Co
lumbia. the University Of Pennsylvania
nd other scr ools on poland and Her
Neighbors."
Others on hoard were D. G. Nairn, of
Dundee, Scotland, the "jute king" of
he leather country lis wife ard
daughter; the Rev Father J. L. Nc
Cabe, FOR six years rector of the Car
lnelite Church of Our Lady Of Mount
Carmel III Twenty eighth Street. who
has been in Dublin in charge of the
mother house Of the order; Herbert
cWane, of Paul x ostock & Co.. II
battery Place; A. D. Kline, who visited
Sweden for the General Electric Com
'any; George F. Mason. of Wi m ng-
ION. Del. and Frank Hector, an English
comedian.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-25
tai sAre Unsettled
Wartime Problem,
7aco Years Of u. S. Con-
troll Marked by Success
sion of Controversies

President Wilson on December 2s
,J917, startled the country by issuinc q
proclamation announcing that the rlil-
yoads OF the country would be taken
S<er by the government on December
2S at noon and operated by the gov
ernment under direction of a director
general.
The action of the government came
after weeks Of congestion in the lead
sng railroad cen ers, which threatened
the movement of war maters..s to At
lantic ports. AS military measure
under emergency authority granted bv
Congress, the President seized the
roads on the theory that if the railroad
system could be operated as a single
unit the movement of soldiers and sup
plies eastward could be facilitated
For some time the Improvement from
Federal operation was not apparent
but at length the arteries of the coun
try were cleared of imped ment, war
material flowed more freely to the sea-
ports, soldiers were carried to trans
ports in overwhelming numbers and
the war was won.
Military Needs Made Dominant
Under the director generalship OF
Mr.. McAdoo the conscious policy of
the railroad administration was to
the requirements of in.
dustry and civilian passenger traffic to
New-York tribune., 1919-12-25
Caught i'm Christmas Fib,
Girl Ends Life by Shot
Punished by Mother, She Pro.
cures Fathers Revolver and
Fires Bullet Into Head

Caught in deception regarding the
eXpend ture Of her weeks wages Which
should e ,1i have zone into Christmas pres
ents Ella Pete son. sixteen. of $50
Sterling Place. Brook yn procured her
fathers revolver yesterday, went into
the bathroom and fed a bullet into
her head. Size was found dead in the
dpe drassua w. - Near lar b: vas note: ~
Peterson, read ng: "You will never
catch me in a lie again"
Mrs. Pete rson said her daughter had
been allowed to retain her wages for
last las week to buy Christmas presents.
1t transpired that she had spent the
money 'or other things, and the mother
learned further that the girl had re-
NAMED away from work yesterday
without permission. As punishment.
Mrs Peterson said she sent her daueh
ter upstairs to make the beds of sew
eral odgers. Instead. the girl procured
the revolver and killed herself