davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor world., 1919-12-20

consumption Of nearly five billion
dollars annually. 1.-THE nation can
not exist under this load,' Senator
La Follettee declares.
In addition. there will be cer-
tainty that the railroads will buy
their engines. cars and equipment
from themselves through inside sup
ply companies at graft prices and
huge rakeoffs to railway officials.
for which the public will pay an
extortionate and. ever-increasing
transportation charge. They will go
back with no restraint upon the pay
ment OF fabulous salaries by the
public to incompetent railway Off
Gals, whose gross unfitness to- man
age and operate the railroads sue
cessfully is a historical demonstra-
ton.
Raps No-Strike Provision.
The anti-strike provision of the
Cummins bill, odious to labor and
the first step in the enslavement Of
the masses, is bitterly denounced by
Senator La Toilette. 1t is charac-
terized as wanton Invasion OF the
rights Of free men and a premedi-
tated and indefensible reflection on
the patriotism Of millions Of men
Who repeatedly have monstrated
qualities OF good citizenship.
"A government which contem-
plates no wrong or injustice to labor
in the United States has no occasion
to attempt to take from it the one
weapon by which it has won it's way
up from serfdom-the strike," Sena-
to La Toilette vigorously declares.
He charges that there is NO warrant
for the iniquitous provision, because
nothing can ever lead railroad
workers to such strike in this
country except a wrong so intoler-
| able that men are willing that they
and their. families as well shall face
starvation before they submit to the
| wrong"
Several senators have announced
| their determination to oppose the
: Cummins- bill because Of it's .:crown.
ing iniquity'' and to resist with all
their strength the most Gigantic
and merciless attempt ever made to
| render naked and helpless a nation
that the railroad interests seek tc
perpetua11y enslave* and make sub.
ject to the will and whim of greed
The labor world., 1919-12-20
make TROOPS DO
WORK OF: POLICE
Even American Legion Protests
Against State Militia Being
Used TO Break Strike.
(COntinued From PAGE ~

nor could not see it their way. He
conducted personal investigation
and found the union men deter
mined to conduct a peaceful strike.
It was notable strike from the fact
that not one union switchman was
arrested during the three months:
it continued, although during the
same period the jails were filled
with strike breakers who fought
among themselves
,.-,- Opposed 1otor Corps.
At the last session of the Mime
sofa legislature union labor raised a
mighty protest against the .estab-
hshment OF an: =arme ed motor. corps
in this state. : Labor feared that such
a branch .of the military forces
would be used like the Cossacks of
Pennsylvania to ride down working
men on strike. II the motor car
were to be equipped with machine
guns as was first proposed. the
slaughter at times would be fearful.
The bill was considerably amended,
losing many Of its ''teeth' before it
was passed.
The hurried dispatch of state
troops to International Falls would
indicate that the fears of the work.
ingmen expressed before the legis-
lature were we'll grounded. Labor
has never opposed the state militia
as such. but it has, and it still vfeor-
ously protests against its misuse by
such accommodating: governors as
John A. A. Burnqutst. Even the
Am merican Legion rises to complain
about its members and the state
militia being used as strike police.
Begins Glass Rule.
Union workingmen and all good
citizens insist that the military arm
of the government should never be
used in controversies affecting rights
Of persons and property until the
civil authorities shall have exhausted
every resource to preserve the peace.
The use of the militia in strikes in
the absence Of riot or laWlessness is
a surrender of the police power Of
the state to a spcia1 class to be used
to hold in submission another class.
It's practice will mean that labor
must go into politics from top to
Ebottom and work to get control Of
the government. Governor Burn
quist is : helping to strengthen the
farmers and workingmen's noparti-
san movements more than all their
speakers, writer's and advocates in
the state: It brings the fact home
The labor world., 1919-12-20
|':s sPlEAF0R ! ! ! !! /. 4. =.
- S|mPLE FREEDOM
Senator Borah Defends Liberty
Of Opinion and Object to. :.
Censor in America. r.:

WASHINGTON, Dec. 1s:-In op-
posing an act that would give Gems
sor powers to the postmaster general, !
Senator Borah* notified his colleagues
that "you must get back to the
proposition Of pitting your teachings:
and your views as to the wisdom,
as to the Justice OF our government
and our institutions against the
views Of those who are arrayed*
against it for ultimate decision in
about that; and there is not page
of history, from the democraties of:
Greece to this hour that does not
teach the same fact.
'tWhen it comes to acts"- con-
tinued the senator, 'rnen are re-:
sponsible for their acts. I am speak,:
ing now Of expressions of opinion
want to say, however distasteful as
it may be to senators here, that T,
am one Of those who stand against
the attempt to repress and: to sup:
press the expression Of opinion. - I:
believe in the wisdom, in the pa
triotism, in the sanity and in the
poise of the American people. :: -.
"Woodrow Wilson once said, and:
one of the wisest things he ever said,
was, that when a man has a per-
nicious doctrine the best thing to do.
is to rent him a public hall and let
him express himself: the American
people will take care Of him."<. -:
In reply to statements by senator's
that the act was not intended to in
terfere with the expression Of opin
ion, and that the judiciary commit
tee Of the senate has so declared,
| Senator Borah said: T..
Eyes, I was reading Mr.. Gompers';
speech the other day in which he re-
counted about so instances in which
! members Of the senate and other
public officials declared how "A Ger
tain law would be construed; and
| how it would be- administered; but
| when it got before Judge Anderson:
! out in Indiana it was construed in
a different way and administered in
a different way" e.:
The labor world., 1919-12-20
POLICE union
ELECTS HEADS
Hold Final Meeting Of Year Be.
hind Closed Doors; 0'Brien
Is President. !:

Superior police local No. 1859; at
it's last meeting of the year held yes
terday in the clubrooms at head
quarters elected officers for the COM
ing year. Other matters Of a; secret
nature were discussed but whether or
not the present controversy between
Mayor Baxter and Chief McKinnon
was considered, members would not
say.
H. F. O'Brien was elected president;
Arthur Buchanan, vice president; Ar
thur Hanton, secretary, and r. M.
Dwyer, treasurer. Deputy Sheriff
George Ostrom was elected guardian /;
Martin Widness, guide, and M. H.
Calvin and Arthur Buchanan, dele
gates to the trades and labor assem-
bly,. & -'-
December checks were paid the city
policemen yesterday to afford them
opportunity to use the money for
Christmas. This is the first time in
years that full months salary has
been paid one-half month in advance.
The labor world., 1919-12-20
SHERIFF AYERS
HE DID NOT ASK
FOR M|L|T|AMEN
(From Duluth News Tribune.)
7 NJ D NJ NY0AVAT

- CsJ
INTERNATIONAL FALLS, Dec. II.
An American Legion committee
today completed it's inquiry into strike
conditions here and went to-St. Paul,
where additional evidence will be
sought in an effort to lay RESPONSE
to quell alleged strike disturbances.
Among men to be asked to give
testimony will be Governor Burnquist
and Adjt. Gen. w. F. Rhinow.
About rs affidavits were obtained
in International Falls by the Legion
committee, which is composed Of one
local and five out-of-town members.
Among the affidavits sworn to was
that of Sheriff H. T. Mcintosh, who
was alleged to have sent the telegram
to St. Paul asking for troops.
The sheriff asserted that he made
no such request; that Adjutant Cen
eral Rhinow had called him on the
long distance telephone, inquiring if
troops were needed; and that the
sheriff said he explained the situa-
tion, adding, use your own judg-
ment."
Last night, the striking railmen of
the Minnesota, Dakota and Western
railroad, logging road. gave a. dance
at which the soldiers were guests of
honor. Strikers say the soldiers, when
not dancing, were cursing because
they were sent here.
Since the troops arrived there has
not been a fist fight reported, such
as were said to have occurred the day
the troops were called. Investigation
here has disclosed little real I. WV.
activity but rumors are heard from
time to time which lack confirma.
ton OF proposed action by that group.
M. p. Witherow. commander Of the
local American Legion post here, was
the sender Of the telegram to Gov
ernor Burnquist, after the troops were
ordered to International Falls, and
signed by number Of local business
men, inquiring the reason for the ar
rival Of militia men here. Today
Witherow received an answer from
the governor. The governor claims
the sheriff asked for troops. His
letter follows:
troops were sent to your county on
request of your sheriff and solely for
the preservation Of law and order.
They are now in your community
ready to be called into service If con-
dltlons warrant it. Any member Of
the National guard who does not de-
sire to live up to his oath Of enlist
ment is unfit for service and il he
refuses to obey orders he ought to be
courtmartialed and on conviction be
punished. and dishonorably discharged.
Any citizen or public official who Is
unwilling to uphold the executive de-
partment in it's desire to protect life
and property is an enemy Of the state
and should be dealt with as such.
The labor world., 1919-12-20
PRIVATE OWNERS
SPEND: MILLIONS
Senator La Toilette Charges
Railroads Are Undu|y Int|u-
enCing American People.
CONTINUED From Page ~

Continued From Page ~
railroads from the inside. Con-
struction and supply companies were
organized by railway. officials and
managers. From these companies
the railroads bought supplies of all
kinds at exorbitant prices. Unre-
strained greed exacted such profits
on purchases by these insiders from
themselves that there was always
a shortage of funds for properly
equipping the roads.
This inside graft ate up the
revenues of the railroads and fur
nished a perennial excuse for still
further increasing rates upon the
public. 1t goes without saying that
a system honeycombed with graft
and dishonesty was certain TO be
supplied-insofar as supplied at all
with inferior and defective equip
ment.'
Breakdown Was Long Pending.
1t was charged that the .break-
down of the railroads was apparent
a year before the crisis came. The
government took over a ranshackle
and utterly demoralized system, and
was compelled to practically restore
the roads at war prices for both
material and labor. In addition
thereto congress, in one of those
bursts Of generosity which frequently
moves it*:when Wall street is crying
for succor, authorized contracts with
private. OWNERS for the use Of their
Wornout property at an annual rem
tai SO eXtraVagant as to insure a
deficit in government opera ton, lest
it might lead to government owner
ship.
From the day the railroads were
taken over down to this hour" the
report continues, lin congress and
out, through the interests, the press
and otherwise, there has been con-
Quoted a systematic and powerful
propaganada to discredit government
operation of the railroads and hasten
their return to private owners and
private management"
To Increase Burden.
If the Cummins bill is enacted,
widespread suffering and distress
will be inevitable, the report pro-
phesies. The private owners will de-
mand and obtain freight increases
which will constitute crushing
burden upon consumers. It is esti-
mated: that IF the railroads are to
function under private management
they will need additional revenues
of billion dollars a year. which
will be translated into burden upon
The labor world., 1919-12-20

to the workers. IT. - n4y.13t .&9.
ernor in the4stAfa capitol who obedi2
emily turns the machinery OF gov
ernmeat Iever stos = ispeciaf plassI.4Son
flirhsyts excuse 4to5 4se II against
another class of zcittzens.* II this is
to be. the rule sofg government. then
labor t,wfllt See to- it that sperrons
friendly foE the working people and
the things they stand for are in the
future elected to office.
The labor world., 1919-12-20

Ne wNeckwear for Christmas
Best Values at The Big Duluth.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

of men. ] cannot forget how when we
were agitating for better conditions in the
laundries, where women were required
to lift and lower injuriously heavy loads,
the men never raised a finger in SYM
pathetic protest"
GLOW do you explain the antagonism
which working women so frequently en-
counter in working men,"
"The working men who oppose women"
Mrs. Robbins said, "are, it seems to me,
equally divided between two fears:
Number one, that women will underbid
them and SO lower their wages; Number
two, in strange opposition to Number
one, that they will demand and get an
equal wage. Men meet the first dilemma
sometimes by keeping them out of their
unlons-as if by any such means woman
can be kept out of Industry What they
least desire naturally results, for the
women, repudiated by the workers, align
themselves on the other side and take
lesser wages:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

vary a fraction of thousandth part U
an inch.
A man with one arm and no ICY
could operate the machine. The long,
he works the greater his value. y.
De Vries says an experienced man "
woman working an S-hour shit y
worth, to him, about S25 day; ana h'
says that they can earn $40 and mort
week if they care to do piece wo1S
These are not war time wages, e''''.'
So now Mr.. De Vries is anxious :.
teach the trade to wounded mefi-'.'
rather, let his women workers 'S''1
them. He says ne can afford to 10y :.
legless man just as much money 81 ~, :.
pays an able bodied workman =,
many reasons he prefers the man w.
has lost limb in the service OF ms CIV,
try. But if he can't have wounoeo
diers in his shop he wants women II
Those girls who work for him now -. -
have firm, round arms and strong ", Ia
hands. The work makes their h'', -.
strong and pretty. 1t is part OIL tll' ~ hat
pensation for this sort of toll. bu ~ {. Is
Is subject for detailed trcsI
the beauty departments
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

one-year course of study in the hygiens
of the teeth, mouth and related subjects
At the completion of the course each
graduate obtained dental hygienist
certificate, issued by the Regents Of thu
State of New York, which permits her
to practice as a dental hygienist in a
dental office, public school, hospital or
any other institution.
There are other girls, more recent
graduates, who were trained at the COL
lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Co.
lumbia University. These are licensed
dental hygienists and must operate IN
der the general supervision of licenS j
dentists.
Girls who are trained experts are
teaching oral hygiene to hundreds Of
mothers and children through the com.
munity clinic. which reaches out to the
settlements Of the East Side of New
York and through them to all the rest of
the city. 1t is good gospel
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
By BOYDEN r. SPARKEs
"TOMEN have invaded another
w field Of industry hitherto con-

"TOMEN have invaded another
w field of industry hitherto con-
sidered sacredly masculine, and
limited at that to sons Of the craftsmen.
1t is diamond cutting this time, and the
reason, "C'est Ia guerre"
But az women wear most of the bril-
llants in the world, why shouldn't thew
polish them?
Mrs. Mile Shatel, whose husband is
a soldier in the American Expeditionary
Force, is one Of the feminine pioneers Of
diamond cutting.
At the bench next to Mrs. Shatel in
the diamond polishing and saving shop
Of Harry De Vries, in 1873 Liberty Street.
sits Mrs. Lulu Cohen, whose husband.
Sergeant Aaron Cohen, il in the 870th
Aero Squadron at Kelly Field, San An
tonic, Tex. Two Of Mrs. Cohens brothers
are IN France. For many lonely months
before the dawn Of peace both these war
brides nursed an idea that il their men
returned unfit for their prc-war occupa-
tons they would teach them how dian
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

during her noon hour Miss Heiligman
frequently gives this stone an addi-
tional rub. Over in France is Jack
Yablanzky (the names of the characters
prove this is New York story, who is
one of the straightest shooting men in
Company B, 312th Infantry American
Expedltionary Force. He may not
know it, but his first reconstructive task
when ne comes back to civil life IS to
buy that diamond. However, Mr.. De
Vries has promised to grant fair dis
count as wedding present to one of his
most competent workers.
An apparatus has been patented for
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

the South African fields were destined
to get their finishing in Holland.
Diamond cutters have been spreading
out over the earth for some years past.
A number have settled in New York and
become imbued with the quantity pro-
duction ideas of the Western world
hence, machine polished diamonds and
feminine diamond polishers.
recent issue of jewelers. trade pa
per contained paragraph about Eng
lands intention to instruct as diamond
cutters 10000 wounded soldiers whose
injuries untitled them for their pre- war
tasks This, it was stated, was part of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

grinding and polishing precious stones
work that until recently was done by
hand. They say the machines do the
work better and more accurately than
it can be done by hand.
Mr.. De Vries is a subject of Queen
Wilhelmina, of Holland For genera
tions his forebears were diamond cut
tiers. The members Of the craft have
kept close corporation for hundreds
of years, teaching the secrets of the lap
idary art only to their oldest sons.
Consequently most of the rough stones
that came from the "blue ground" be-
meath the strata Of yellow ground" in
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
Women Will Stay Where
War Has Put Them

Mrs. Robbins has for long time been
working in various states for the passage
of laws guaranteeing minimum wage, no
night work and health safeguards for
women. During the war the Women's
Trade Union League, which is several
hundred thousand strong, persuaded the
Department of Labor finally to create
the longedfor division-Women in In
dustry, headed by Mary Van Kleeck and
Mary Anderson, the latter one of it's
own leading members. Its platform
Equal pay for equal work" was adopted
as principle of the War Labor Boarn,
and was and is still applied in all the
decisions Of that body which affect
women.
Few industries should be closed to
women" continued Mrs. Robbins 81 be-
lieve there will be a residue of women in
all those that the war opened to her.
1ncompatibility between the job and
strength of the worker adjusts itself
as we'll for her as for men. You find
the great majority Of delicate women
seeking office employment And the fact
is that the overplus in these occupations
represents proportionately the general
under developed physical condition of
women to-day. But some are strong, like
the women in the lumber mills, and are
very we'll able to do hard work. The ap-
peal that women are unfit for this job or
that is very unconvincing from the mouths
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
Women as Well as
Men Have Dependents

''Admission of women to unions is the
only way for men to assure themselves
wage stability. If women don't enter in
dustry as equals they will come in by the
back stairs
Men will grudge women equality. on
the other hand, from feeling that they
do not deserve a family wage. But do
they not, l ask, in all fairness? Few
women are doing manual labor for pleas
ure. Great numbers of single women
contribute to the support of parents and
relatives, and widows and wives of in
capacitated men carry the responsibility
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

into public schools by means of the tooth
brush drill, now practised in the public
schools of seven states; the training of
hundreds of young women in the profess
sion of oral hygiene at the College of
Physicians and Surgeons Of Columbia
University, and the establishment Of
preventive dentistry as one of the club
and settlement privileges of the children
of the East Side Of New York
"What is preventive dentistry?" DIR.
Louise c. Ball, who is applying it on a
community basis, was asked.
preventive dentistry" said Dr. Ball,
"is development of preventive medi-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

of a whole family. Competing with these
as we know, there are millions of single
men in industry.
But equal pay, we now have learned,
is increasingly granted to women as they
increasingly organize.
"Thc great function Of the woman's
union is to educate her industrially.
Think Of that large percentage of work
ing women who are foreigners and form
the most lamentably paid group in the
country The opportunity to American
lie these women along the Fundamental
line of economic interest has been de-
veloped with the growth of trade unions
among them.
Next spring." said Mrs. Robbins
"there will be a world conference Of
working women i'll some European cap
ital. British, French and American
women are already arranging their De-
egations. We will there draw up plat
form of standards for working women
that can be written into the division Of
the great peace treaty which will out
line future economic policies. Chief
among our demands Will be:
Equal pay for equal work.
"Eight-hour day.
"Prohibition of night work for women
mo child labor under sixteen.
"And living wage for workers tha'
will ensure to the children of every man
a high school education and the posi-
bility of college. You see, protective leg
islation for women should really reach
them before they come into industry.
women, like other hitherto supJec'
groups, are entitled to a share IN inc
gifts of democracy. Like them, it seems
they must still struggle to establish tnel
title"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
MADE in
America"

The plan brought home to Mr. De
Vries the idea that America could do as
much for her wounded The war made
1t necessary for him to bring women
workers into his shop and teach them
the trade. Where formerly the artisans
who worked by hand required years to
acquire proficiency, it is possible, he
says, to make machine polisher of dia-
monds III three months. Of course there
must be thoroughly experienced Judge
of stones III the shop to apportion the
work and set tho stones in the little
"dops" with which they are held to the
polishing wheel on q. level that must not
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

Any expectant mother who canno. :.
ford to pay will be treated here g. g..
nothing. This is made possible bv ~ wi
vate contributions and the fact tbs. Pr :,
plant is already in existence. 40
Girls are working in this clinic W.,
were trained at the New York scbo. Nv :,
Dental Hygiene which was openss ): y
1916 under the law of the State Of N.~
York. The school was devoted nr;m,,;,
to the training of women for tho ..'1 n.l
fession of dental hygiene, and proyids pio,