davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30
Evolution of Our Flag

On January 2 1776, George Washington raised
over the American camp at Cambridge the first en-
sign of the united colonies. which called the
Grand Union Flag of 1776." Combined, on a blue
field, were the crosses of ST. Andrew and ST. George
which symbolized the union of England and Scot
land the kings coors showing that the colonies still
acknowledged the sovereignty of Great Britain.
Thirteen alternate red and white stripes represented
the thirteen colonies
But when the Declaration of indie pendence was
adopted, general opinion was in favor of new
national emblem of union and independence.
Accordingly, on June IA, 1777, Congress resolved:
That the flag of the Thirteen United States shall be
thirteen stripes alternate white and red and that the
Union lie thirteen white on blue field'' The
flag as it was then adopted had circle of thirteen
stars on blue field. and the story has been handed
down that Mrs. Betsy Ross fagmaker who lived
at 239 Arch Street. Philadelphia made the first flag
and suggested that the stars be ive-pointed.
One of our historians says that the first Ameri-
flag with stars and stripes that foatedt to
the breeze was raised over Fort Stanwix in August,
It'll. and was hastily made from the Red petticoat
of soldiers wife, some scraps of white shirt. and
piece of an old blue jacket.
On the Fourth of July following the adoption
of the flag by Congress. Captain Paul Jones. in
mand of the Ranger. presented with the national
banner and raised it his ship. In February. 1778
his flag received from the French fleet the first sa-
lutte given the and stripes by foreign nation.
and in April 1778, when the Ranger conquered the
Drake, BRITISH man Of war, Old Glory foated for
the first time in q naval battle.
After Vermont and Kentucky were added to
the Union. Congress ordered that the flag should
bear fifteen stripes and that there should be fifteen
stars the field, and in 1875 it passed an act pro-
viding for the addition of the flag whenever
should be admitted to the Union, and de-
creeng that henceforh the number of stripes should
be but thirteen. 1t provided that the addition of
each should be the Fourth of July fol-
lowing the admission Of the state for which it stood
Selected.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30
Oriental Poetry and Pottery

Pottery and poetry together in old China.
The Chinese faculty of expressing much in little,
poem in four lines, picture in brush stroke. shows
quantity in the very ha-marks with which the Chi
nese marked their porcelaips. These poetic inscrip
tons leave in doubt whether, in China, the pot
ters all poets or the poets all were potters
Made in the studio Of deep peace" reads
hallmark inscribed on an old bowl according to an
article in the New York Sun. Made in the studio
of peace and tranquility, is another hallmark and
the vase which bears it could only have come from
such studio. Made for the hall of fragrant vir-
tue, is hallmark worth finding if only for ITSELF
Here is piece from the Hall of generous har-
mony,' and here is another, the hall mark upon
which, translated, reads. Made for the hall of
spectful ave." Fragrant virtue" generous har-
mony and respectful ave. Perhaps the secrets of
these old wares and their mysterious glazes may be
found in their hall-marks.
Christian Science Monitor
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30
He Wins

Of course it takes two to make quarrel. If
one of the two is big enough TO refuse-wel. there
is quarrel.
Similarly a situation that desires to be unpeas-
ant or painful have the cooperation of the
it is aiming at If he refuses to it that way it's
fangs drawn
If he feels. How unpleasant painful
crushing this situation s-then the situation wins.
But if he thinks. What can l. as man who
intends that nothing shall crush him, nothing stop
his growth, what can get out of the situationr'-
then he wins-Se
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30

Q-ls there such thing hoopsnake that seizes its
tail in its mouth and rolls like hoopl-B. L.
Albany stories of such snakes have told but il
seems that they purely mythical In southern
less species of snake blueblack in color with lines
on its sides, goes by name of hoop-snake.
Q-On the death mother can the son collect hi.
mothers share of homestead property owned by the athe
And about the insurance. Is the entitled by
lawi-W.S.
A:-Presuming the title homestead rested in the hus-
band athe the death of the wife moher) would way
alter the title and children claim no share therein on a
count of such DEATH Neither could children claim any
portion of life insurance carried by the wife mothe upon her
death unless they named beneciae policy held
by her.
Q-Can have neuralgia after all teeth have been re-
moveds-E. S.
A:-Teeth only of the of neuralgia. The
eyes, and frequently in defective condition and
bring on the neuralgia headache Teeth ons and adenods
usually thought be the principal neuralgia
has been found that the if strained bring frequent
and severe of headache Pressure of bone
the is potent of neuralgia thorough examn-
alton by eye ear, and specialist, WILL doubt, dis
close the cause of the trouble.
Q:-Who is secretary of commerce and what work
does he do?-E. B.
A:-Wiiam c. Redfeld is secretary of commerce. The
Department of Commerce is charged promotion of
commerce, mining manufacturing shipping fisheries and
transportation and includes the following bureaus Bureau
Foreign and Domestic Commerce. Bureau of Lighthouses,
Steamboat Inspection Service, the Census Office
odetic Bureau of Fisheries Bureau of Navigation Bu
,eau of Standards.
OIL have been informed only three
who have ranked general since the time of Washington
Is this true and So who they? Is Pershng generall
OF course understand there have been many generals of lower
rank such major generals and adutan generals.-E P
A:-You correctly informed. Before the
but three American army officers had borne the title Grant,
Sherman and Sheridan Washington held it, Pershing
General His commission general for the period of the
signed by the President October 1917 Tasker H.
Bliss then chief of staff serving American repre-
sentative the Versailles council made general the
time. He has since been named brevet general The
present chief of staff, Peyton c. March, full general his
commission dating from May, 1918.
Q:-Can idea be Copyrighted. That is. scheme
for different from anything written be copyrighted
before the story is inshed?-S. G. A.
A:-'Idea such this subject copyright; copy
right protection be obtained only after idea has been nco
porated in story.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30
London in 1854 the Thought first came to him. and in

London in 1874 the thought first came to him, and in
passing it along to the world At large he said:
In walk through the Strand and Fleet street
one morning at o'clock I observed there was not
shop open. although had been daylight and the
sun up above three hours the inhabitants of London
choosing voluntarily to live by candle light and
sleep by sunshine and yet often complaining little
absurdy of the daty on candles and the high price
of tallow."
Soon thereafter. in the Journal de Paris, he pub
lished article. later appearing among his essays
under the title An Economical Project" which
further elaborated the advantages of daylight savings
namely, of Turning the clock forward an hour" SO
that everybody would live hour less by artificial
light.
In 1915 Germany first adopted the plan to speed
up the production and to benefit by the tremen-
dous saving in fuel consumption.
France and England and all other European
countries except Russia followed the example of
Germany in this respect Since it's adoption in
Europe, the United States. Canada and Mexico have
been out of harmony. far as time was concerned,
with European countries. to their loss not only in
business. for the stock exchanges of London and
Paris under the plan were closed before the
changes of New York or Boston were open, but also
as regards the tremendous savings possible in light
bills. which it is estimated annually will run from
100000, 900 to $50 900 900 in the United States
alone.
The adoption of law making the plan effective
in this country recalls the fact that this is the first
time that the clock has been tempered with since
this country came into being The last time the
thirteen original colonies took liberties with the
hands of the clock "a years prior the Declar-
alton of Independence when the style calender
was introduced in England.
The report of the summertime committee ap-
pointed by the British Parliament in September,
1916. inquire into the social and economic results
of the summertime act show that the extra hour of
daylight was generally used for the purpose of out
door recreation and pursuits and in particular for
the cultivation of home gardening.
The athletic clubs reported that the cricketers,
bowlers. golfers and tennis players took full advan
tage of the hour of light, and swimming pools
and Fairgrounds were utilized to full capacity.
Baltimore Sun.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30

The moment that the American business man
got it into his head that alcohol drinking impaired
a mans efficiency he stopped drinking himself, gave
orders that those he employed should stop. and the
present wave for national prohibition had begun.
So it will be with the boys smoking cigarettes. Fa-
natlcal raving against the habit will do good: it
more often antagonizes the cigarette smoker. But
the moment the cigarette begins to be looked upon
liability in boy in business, that moment the
cigarette will go-so far as the boy is concerned.
1t ia no argument to say that the employer him.
self may smoke cigarettes. That is his prerogative
But the fact is that the boy who smokes cigarettes
is beginning find it more difficult to get job than
the boy who does not Like drinking. cigarette
smoking is going INFO the list of economic menaces
The end of the day of the boy and the cigarette is
in sight-Ex
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30
Father of Daylight Saving Plan

The daylight-savine idea is almost as old the
United States, and country rightly claim the
credit all the advantages which may accrue from
it, well receive the blame for all the disadvan-
tages which may follow in the wake of It's Inaugural
ton. For. though other countries anticipated the
United States in its adoption. Benjamin Franklin
first conceived the idea
On an early morning walk along the streets in
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30

NoIcE inmates the Query Column and desiring de-
tailed information their invited the splendid ref
erence books library be had The International
Text Books especially complete in their information technical
subjects Consult the Reference Useful Literature Chemistry
Biography and Science divisions library catalogue diversified
subjects.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30
GU E r les
NOTICE TO INMATES

For the appreciate op
portun that their give
through school
ing education Night helpful
ton connection with their various
with be privileged the Query"
send queries
kind Of Miss
Libraries will gladly endeavor to supply the requested information
NOTICEn order regulate conduct of this column in.
mates must sign their register number and lock
to all queries submitted for publication. Inmates Names
will be published. only the inas each quers
being used. (Ed.)
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30
Notice to Inmates

WAR SAVING or THRIFT STAMPS can
be purchased each month by all who
so desire. You must notify your officer
not later than the goth of the month
if you wish to purchase stamps during
that month.
c. S. REED,
Warden.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30

Notice Contributions submitted to the Mirror
for publication must be absolutely originals if not
original proper credit must be given. if known: if
writer name is not known. it should be SO specl.
fed by said contributor. Should contributor fail
to comply with this request he will henceforth be
dropped from the Mirrors contributing staff
Signed by Editor.
Approved by Warden.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30
UNANSWERED QUERIES

The MIRROR will publish and solutions following
queries in due time consecutive order the meantime all de-
string to contribute solutions are invited to dose.
Q:-What is the population of the world?-L. B.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30
NOTICE TO INMATES:

Each accorded privilege sending home
or to To this should write own
wish send the to- and hand same to desire
additional
cents paper delivered to your cell easn
should be folded
the foot bed the morning follow
ingt the day on which Is delivered to cell.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30
CHURCH NOTICE.

CHURCH NOTICE.
Services the Prison Chapel at nine clock Sun
day morning. Protestant Catholic service alternate
Sunday Rev. c. E. Benson and Rev. Fr Corcoran. Chap
lains.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1919-01-30
Little cards Of Thrift Stamps,
Laid by each by each.
Make a mighty bank roll
C. S. REED,
Warden.

Not so hard to reach.
A man may. if he knows not how to save as he
gets, keep his nose to the grindstope.'
Benjamin Franklin said that in the days of long
ago, among other things. in Poor Richards Alma
uac" thereby intoxicating habits of thrift in his gen.
Grafton.
Because he was the greatest apostle of Ameri-
thrift BENJAMIN Franklin had his picture placed
on the FIVE dollar War Saving certificate of the 1919
ISSUE
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1919-07-28
RIOTS IN
CHICACOAFTER
KILLING
White Boys Cause Colored
Lad to Drown in Lake, an
Trouble Starts.
FIGHTS SPREAD FAST
Black Belt is Scene Of Street
Battles During the Day.

CHICAGO, ILL.,, July 2S.-The situ-
alton of Chicago's black belt where
two negroes were killed and so whites
and blacks injured in the race rioting
Sunday night was under control Of
police today. The police say the
clashes started on Lake Front where
the whites and negroes were separated
by an imaginary line when some
white boys threw stones knocking a
negro boy from raft into the water.
The negro was drowned and general
race fights developed.
Negroes asked a policeman to ar
rest the white boy and when he re-
fused the negroes began to beat the
white lad Soon stones and clubs
were being hurled in all directions,
many whites and blacks being injur-
ed After the beach fighting was
quelled. trouble broke out in the col
ored district. where a policeman was
shot in the arm by a negro. The po-
liceman then fired into the crowd
wounding three negroes. orc of
whom died later.
In other parts OF the city whites
dragged negroes from the street cars
and beat them up severely. 1t is esti-
mated that 10000 negroes live in
Chicago. many having acquired pro-
perty in neighborhoods occupied by
whites. This has led to many minor
clashes recently and bombs have been
exploded in buildings occupied by
negroes.
Trouble between the whites and ne
groes was renewed in Chicago's black
belt today when a negro fired several
shots at a wagon load of white work
men. When the whites attempted to
disarm the negro a dozen blacks rush
ed to his assistance. The police quell-
ed the disturbance and reported that
nobody was injured.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1919-07-28
AUTO PLANT AGAIN NORMAL
lRv The Associnted Press.l J

TOLEDO, o., July 2S.-The profit
sharing plan put into effect six
months ago by the WillysOverland
Company has been abandoned, but
employees who remained at work dur
ing the recent labor disorders there
will share i'm the first profit Of the
company, according to the latest Is
sue of the Overland News, the com
pany's official organ.
IL II declared that through their
demands, 5000 workers forfeited their
chances of "fifty-fifty' share in the
profits and compelled 5000 others to
do likewise when they demanded a
forty-five hour work week instead of
forty-cight hour week.
Two persons were killed and mum
Der injured in rioting that continued
several days after the walkoout. IL
i declared the strike caused com
panv loss that will have to be over
come before a profit can be figured.
After an armed guard was main
tained for several weeks, the dispute
found its way to the United States
district court. Several radicals were
ordered from the city and others CIV
en- Jail sentences.
Conditions now are virtually nor
NAL, the company says.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1919-07-28
RIO GRAMDE bRE AXIS THROUGH
AUSTRIAN MINISTER TO
MEXICO WAS HERE TODAY.

Herr Won Kanya, Austrian min
rter to Mexico, arrived in Browns
nile this morning en- route to New
York, where he will sail via Holland
tor Austria He leaves here on the
40 p m train for Houston, accom-
panied by Joe L. Parker of the Unit
q States department of justice. From
Houston Won kanya goes to St. Louis
and then to New York.
The Austrian minister expected to
eater the United States at Laredo,
but recent rains in Mexico made trav-
4 In that direction impossible, so his
course was diverted through Mata-
noros and this city.
While here he was the guest of Sen
- Jose L. Cara, local Mexican con-
snl.
Herr Kanya stated that this was
bis first visit home in five and half
pears, and that it was just vacation.
He refused to discuss the situation in
uexico.
With the exception of one valet the
minister is travelling alone.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1919-07-28
SAYS CARRANzA
ENEMY TO ALL
CIVILIZATION


WASHINGTON, ID. c., July 28.-
Nisled by their Investigations of con-
ditions in Mexico, William Bayard
Hale and Lincoln Steffens in turn
uisled President Wilson into believ-
ing that Carranza was "The peoples
ehampion," the house rules commit
he was told today by William Gates,
,n archaeopogist Of Baltimore.
Declaring his opinion was based on
INST hand study of conditions when he
loured Mexico in 1917 and 1918,
Gates described Carranza "as an enc
~ Of his own people, first and the
United States, second, and then to all
uvilization."s
The witness said that the Mexican
Eesident is more antisaxon than anti
Anerican and hopes to set up the su-
Remscy Of the Latin races and de-
Hes to drive out the American and
Hifish capital from Mexico. He de-
asfes after their Investigations for
eson in Mexico that Hale and Stef-
- were employed by the Germans
= declared that it is a well known
a In Mexico that during the war
Germans had wireless station
Mexico City and that they re-
I'd messages to Spain and thence
tEauen.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1919-07-28
RIBOT DENIES
OVERTURESOF
PEACE MOVES


PARIS, July 2S.-A "distortion of
truth" Alexander Ribot declared to-
day, concerning a published state
ment by the German finance minis
ter, Erzberger, that England and
France made peace overtures to Ger
many through the Vatican in 1917.
which Germany rejected. Ribot was
the French foreign minister at the
time IN question.
Ribot says that Pope Benedict in
1917. suggested proposals to serve
rs basis for overtures to Germany
but that both England and France de
cllned the proposals in the politest
terms. The British minister in his
own name pointed out OF the Vatican
that the proposals contained unsuffi-
cient guarantees for Belgium. The
Vatican seized this opportunity to
start conversation with Germany but
the British government cut it off.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1919-07-28
POCROMS In POLAND
DENIED BY FORMER
u. S. AMBASSADOR

PARIS, July Henry Morgen-
thau. former American Ambassador
to Turkey. and head of the American
and reported conditions Of Pograms in
Poland, old newspaper men here yes
terday that his short visit to Poland
convinced him that reports of Po-
grams had been tremendously eXag-
gerated. He said that Polish Jews
sometimes overlook the fact that
equal rights involved equal duties and
If they wish sincerely to collaberate
with the Polish state they must follow
the example Of their American core
ligionists who consider themselves
above all things patriotic Americans.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1919-07-28
AMERICAN PAYS
A RANSOM FOR
SONPSRETURN
CBv The Associated Press,

WASHINGTON. ID. c., July 2S.-
Acting upon the advice of the Mexi-
can government, John West Thomp-
son. an American ranchman near
Mexico City, has paid 1900 pesos, the
price demanded by bandits for the
release Of his IL year old son, the
state department was advised today.
The Mexican authorities feared that
the bandits would murder the boy un-
less they received the money
Secretary Lansing said the Mexi-
can foreign office had agreed to re-
fund to Thompson the amount of
the ransom and to take measures for
the capture and punishment of the
baidits. The boy was kidnapped
Sunday week ago thirty miles from
Mexico City and released last Friday.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1919-07-28
WATER COMING UP To
BANKS ON RAIL ROAD

The Rio Grande went through the
levee at the Ramerenia bend about
o'clock this morning. The current
had been eating away the bank in
the bend rapidly until il gave away.
This caused the water to flow into the
Eestero, and it is gradually rising
against the new city Ievee along the
railroad track. The banco is expected
to be inundated before night, and
city officials estimate that the water
will reach two feet of the top of the
city levee.
AS long as the city levee holds
there is no danger. Guards have been
on watch along the levec for possible
cracks or holes, and should any ap-
pear in the earth work crews Of men
from industries throughout the city
are organized TO meet the situation.
The levee on the Mexican side is
at the same place where the water
came through last fall. The levee
along the railroad was built to take
care of this situation as it arises each
year.
1t was necessary to build the levee
at the ferry about four inches high
er during Sunday, than it has ever
been before.
TIE levee on the Mexican side is
reported to have broken both above
and below Matamoros threatening
that city with inundation. These
breaks relieved the pressure on the
American side to some extent.
The land that II inundated on the
American side il mostly used as pas
turage, so little material damage will
result The livestock appear to be
able to take care Of themselves as
previous experience has taught them
the routes to safety as the river rush
es in through the gap in the bank
The town resaca crossing 18th and
14th streets, separating Victoria
Heights from the city, was filling
fast with water yesterday and to-
day and Is almost impossible. The
road crossing the resaca at llth street
was recently built higher, and here it
the lateral to the base hospital. but
if the inflow continues to increase
materially during the night. morning
will find Victoria Heights cut off
from the city with the exception of
foot passage over the railroad tracks.
which are on a high embankment with
two large culverts to take care Of the
water.
The river reports received at Fort
Brown at $50 o'clock this morning
showed a three inch rise i'm 10 hours.
and nine inch previous rise in the
twenty four hour period from p. m.
Saturday to 2 y. m. Sunday.
"A report from San Benito pump
says that the river waters are within
two inches Of the top Of the levee.
With the rise at Ringgold fear il ex-
pressed that the water may 20 over
the embankment before morning. The
report that several acres were under
water at that point was denied by the
military outpost.
Information from the office of the
local Mexican consul states that the
water was standing about foot deep
IN streets in the suburbs Of Mata-
moroS. Mexican officials have had
crews of men working day and night
to stop the flood waters.