davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1919-03-30
Strength in Dual System

The citizens of the states are con-
genitally citizens of the United
States" he said. When the federal
government wanted men to send as
soldiers to France. il went to Ten
nessee and to New Hampshire and
took them without asking leave of
the Governor of Tennessee or the Gov
ernor of New Hampshire. When the
federal government needed billions
to finance the war it went to Ten
nessee and to New Hampshire and
took the money without asking leave
of the state through income and other
forms of taxes. On the other hand, il
citizen OF Tennessee commits a mur-
DER. the state hangs him without ask
ing leave of the federal government
IL Is a dual system. and in this sys-
tenn lies the strength of the repub-
lie
The children of the states are the
iuture citizens of the states and of
tne nation. The story of 'Pudd'nhea
wilson, who said he wanted to own
nalr yellow dog. illustrates the in
terest of the federal government in
the education of the children of the
states. When 'Pudd nhead was asked
why he wanted to own half a dog. he
repiled he wanted to own half the dog
SO ne could kill his half. If the states
iaii to educate the children and make
them good citizens. then the federal
government loses its half interest in
the children.
Evening star., 1919-03-30
Trade Publications on File,

In the bureau Of foreign and do
mestic commerce are to be found all
the official and reliable trade publica-
ttons of the world. The commodity
data they contain are too bulky to be
republished even in digested form
But any one with technical training
would have here available an as
semblage of material that should
prove of the great value to each re-
spective trade if disseminated
through an association after having
been weeded out by trade special
list.
DIR. Rutter estimates that a good
man might be sent to Washington
for such work, say by the Chemical
Alliance, for one month to get well
started in this work. and then if he
would return, say about three days a
month. he should be able to keep up
to date with the data and references.
1t will be seen that a scientific,
efficient clipping bureau and filing
system is an important part of the
reorganization scheme. The data and
statistics now available and which
limited extent in the past, but which
it is proposed to use fully in the fu-
ture, have been gathered by many in
dependent Offices. Clippings have
been made by the Latin American
ana far east division. They have
been sent IN oy consuls and they
have been made in great bulk by the
research division. The figures have
been assembled and summarized by
the statistical division and by the
census bureau.
The new plan is to have the clipping
bureau take every business paper
sent in by the foreign service from
all parts of the world in. triplicate.
One copy will be nled and two others
clipped. These clippings will be
mounted and SO arranged that all in
formation on any subject can be
found in one place. with a workable
card index on each subject and on
all of the more important clippings.
Evening star., 1919-03-30
EDUCATION A PROBLEM
FOR NATION TO SOLVE,
VIEW OF DR.. CLAYTON
Insists Congress Should Make Liberal Ap-
preparations of Money, But Leave
Schools Under State Control

ment of a higher standard for the
teachers of the country is better pay
for the teachers. The average pay
of the school teacher the country
over is about $500, far less than
skilled. or even unskilled, laborerS
receive today. These low wages, he
pointed out. are driving the men and
women who are best able TO teach
the children out of the teaching
ranks and into business and the other
professions. Unless something il
done to meet this situation. seriou-
lack of men and women qualified Ia
teach the children of the country Will
become more and more serious. Only
the strongest men and women in
character and mentality he sad.
should be selected as teachers.
Mr.. Claxton explained his reason for
insisting upon federal aid for the
schools and at the same time demand
ing that as far as possible the con-
troll of the school be retained locally.
Evening star., 1919-03-30
BY FRANK H. SIMoNDS.
PARIS. March %. 1913

PARIS, March %. 1919
Tn the third month of the Paris
conference the general lines %
the peace of Versailles are at
last becoming clear. Certainly
before the 1st of April the decision
of the victors as to Germany Will
have been taken and the world VIII
know substantially what are to pe
the frontiers of the German people
for the future. what in territory and
population are to be subtracted from
what was the Hohenzollern empire
and what if any. gain there is 10 De
as a result of the prospective anneNa-
ton of Austrian Germany. SIM lar
ly. we shall know to what extent the
civilized world is goins to demand
that the German tribes shall disarm
and approxima tely what is to ne inc
payment by Germany to the nations
che has devastated and plunged into
a sea of debt.
Perhaps the most striking thing OF
all in the Paris conference has heeh
the absence of any settled policy as
to Germany. Precisely as Germany
surprised the allies in March of last
wear in her Somme offensive she sur
prised them in November by her pre-
cipitate surrender. In March she ex-
posed them as lacking unity OF com
mand, in November she revealeo thein
as without a clearly reasoned poilcy
for the exploitation of that victory
which was just becoming unmls-
taxable.
Evening star., 1919-03-30
Teacher Standards Vital.

Another condition for receiving this
s.oyernment aid. he said, should be
the establishment Of a high standard
Of teachers He pointed out that to-
day one-half of the school teachers
in this country have not had more
than a grade school education with a
wear or two Of work in high or
normal schools. Many of them have
had no more than the grade school
work. The low standard of education
prevailing amng the teachers is par
t.cularly noticeable among the teach
ers in the country schools. 1t is
ridiculous. he said. that country
school teacher. in charge Of thirty
ave pupils, in all grades, teaching
them all, should be poorly educated.
when a teacher in a single grade in
one of the city schools. with the
whole faculty. behind him or her. must
be far better educated to obtain such
q position.
! An essential, he said. in the deveiapS
Evening star., 1919-03-30
Wants Associations to COOPERATE

. 1t is impossible for the government,
to follow innumerable lines, SO the
hope is that the trade associations
will delegate experts to make use of
the research studies and production
and trade statistics. For instance. the
bureau hopes soon to get out a report
on chemicals. 1t is impossible for any
one not chemist to interpret fully
the meaning of the statistics. DR..
Rutter can take the broad outline and
show, for example, some of the prod
ucts that Japan came to produce
largely. He can give the more OBJ.
vious causes and special advantages
that led to this production. But 1t
is impossible to explain all Of the
causes due to lack of technical special
knowledge.
DR.. Rutter explains that he is par
ticularlT anxious to deal with ex-
perts sent in by such associations as
the Chemical Alliance, because then
he would feel that the information
worked out would be used generally
throughout the industry, but he will
be glad to cooperate with any repre-
sentative of an industry, association
or an individual business concern.
The far vision which prompted this
office and which looks to trade CO.
operation takes into consideration
that after the war trade is going to
hsure oo"n TO very close costing. No
chemical manufacturer, for instance,
will be content if he does not know
exactly what his costs are and what
his sales are. He needs to know how
much of his particular line is going
to China and how much. China is
getting from England. whether Eng
land is underselling him or whether
he is selling too low. He needs to
know also at all times the amount Of
production in chemical lines in Eng
land and in Germany and other coun-
tries.
Evening star., 1919-03-30
Purpose a Three-Fold One.

The object of the schools and col
leges. DR.. Claxton said, is threefoid.
They inculcate learning, they teach
the duties of citizenship and they IN
struct the pupils in vocations through
which they may make living. once
the opinion existed. and in some quar-
ters it still exists, that culture may
be obtained only from the study OF
the languages of literature and OF
history. This is great mistake. ac-
cording to DR.. Claxton. Culture comes
from right living. right study and
work and a citizen may be cultured
without ever having learned Latin
or Greek. or even the modern Ian
guages. ..;o
5 In his opinion. vocational education
should be the centra. content In the
education of the children Of this
country from now on. The real joy OF
life for Americans lies in their work
not in the leisure which the results
of their labor may bring them.
The education of the boy in a rural
district, for instance. should deal Win
subjects which will fit him to become
a successful worker and good citi-
zen in that district. When he grows
up and becomes a farmer he must
know something of chemistry, must
know the ingredients which VIII
make his soil fertile for the various
crops. and the proportion OF such
ingredients he must use: he must pc
a mechanic. for a farmer is called
upon to use more kinds of machinery
today than any other man; he must be
a bookkeeper of sorts. for it is neces-
sary that he should know to GER
tainty whether this or that crop is
success or failure financially, whether
this or that field pays. whether il pays
to keep this or that kind of animal;
he must know something of sales
manship and Of buying goods. for the
farmer is his own agent. and finally,
he must know something about th1
investment Of money. SO that he may
profitabIy invest his surplus at>the
time of year when his expenditures
are small Along with these subjects.
the farmer boy should be instructed
in the rudiments of learning. Good
citizenship may be taught in conjunc.
Evening star., 1919-03-30
Two Conflicting Conceptions.

We have had therefore over the last
three months two conceptions curlousiy
conflicting, each in turn Influencing tne
minds and shaping the policies OF those
whose power it was to impose peace
upon Germany and whose necessity 1t
was to fix terms which should guaraftee
for the future protection against ger
man attack and reparation Tor the Ter
man destruction Of the war.
At the moment when the aIifes pre-
eented to Germany the terms OF the nrst
armistice neither Foch nor any OF ms
military or political associates oeneVeo
the actual extent of the victory. Foch'
like the rest. expected Germany 10 re-
tect the terms which we offered, and SO
great was the desire for peace among
the masses of the people IN the aiieo
countries that the original peace terms
fell far short of what was necessary
and of what Germany, actually heip-
less, would have expected. In November
Germany had to accept whatever was
offered and knew it. Cnhappliy the
allies were not equally informed on the
German situation.
In the first phase following the Ger
man surrender victorious Europe, tenn
porarily escaping from the fear which
rmilitaristic Germany had inspired DUR
ing four and a half years OF war, gave
itself up to the equally paralyzing night
mare Of German bolshevism. 1T neg
lected to take precautions against a
militaristic Germany in the future be-
cause it was afraid of contributing to
producing a bolshevist Germany In the
present.
Evening star., 1919-03-30
Hun Talk Again Alarms.

The result OF these nesitAtOhS ~do q
Temporary revival of the old German
spirit, probably far more apparent than
real Despite their domestic chaos and
their ever mounting internal disorders the
Germans temporarily talked in the tone
and in the language which for more tnan
four and a half years had alarmed a
Europe which had then perceived these
words to be backed up by all the enor-
NOUS forces of the armies OF Hinden-
burg and Ludendorn. Apprehension OF
bolshevism in Germany disappeared.
Fear Of Bismarckian Germany returned
tenfold and at this stage the entente
hesitated to take steps calculated to
check bolshevism, such as feeding the
Germans. lest they should In fact save
militarism.
We have come now to a thlrd Phase;
Today 1t is becoming clearer and
clearer that the old Germany is doom
ed. that the disintegration marches
day by day, that something approx
mating Russian chaos. however tenn
porary, is now well nigh inevitable
Uplike Russia. Germany Is not ye'
breaking up into separate states
There is no evidence available that
there is any probability Of a break
between the north and south. between
Protestant and Catholic Germany. pc.
tween Prussia on the one hand anc
Bavaria. Baden and Wurttempere or
the other, such as was widely expect.
ed at an earlier period. What Is ap'
parent is that the economic ard SO
cial disintergration OF the whole Ger.
man empire is becoming more ane
more complete.
In this situation the allies have a,
last undertaken to do a little of vha'
they should have done in totslit.
three months ago. They now purpose
to serve upon Germany preliminary
terms of peace which shall be In rae
in ali but name the defnitive terms
They have practically decided thu
frontiers of the new Germany, the!
are approaching an agreement upor
the sum which Germany must pay ant
the manner in which it must be paid
They are practically finished VIII
hxine the regulations to cover Ger
man disarmament now and future
Evening star., 1919-03-30

Rhine Province in Bond.
But there are two other changes in
German frontiers which may wholly
modify this situation. Between the
Rhine on the east and the Belgian
Evening star., 1919-03-30
Not a New Proposal.


While the government has done lfs
tie to aid the states to educate the
children. in comparison to what It
might have done. DIR. Claxton said
that financial aid for the schools is
not entirely a new proposal. He in
stanced the land grant colleges in the
states, and the vocational education
law administered through the De-
partment of Agriculture. and the law
for the rehabilitation of the wounded
soldiers and sailors. and the establish
ment of the bureau of education of
which he himself is the head. While
all these are steps in the right direc-
ton, he said the government should
do vastly more.
The national system of education, or
federal aid. which he proposes should
not stop with the grade schools. the
high schools and the normal schools.
but should continue on to tho coll
leges and universities. where such
aid is needed. DR.. Clax.on said. Tie
colleges and the universities are the
great experiment. staticns where is
learned the very matter which should
be taught to tho children in the
schools. They arc the centers in whtcn
the teachers for the schools and for
the universities themselves are de-
veloped II would be like tying
string around the neck of a boy and
permitting his development only from
the neck down. to leave the colleges
aud universities out OF the reckoning
when q NATIONAL system Of education
was Aeing developed. he saits
Evening star., 1919-03-30

tistics and trade information gathered
everywhere throughout the world. as
semble and classify it by commodities
and industries. grouping the detailed
information by trade and then explain
the causes that led to these statistics
and what they indicate regarding op-
portunities for increasing American
trade.
This work is considered by the fed
eral authorities to be of especial i'm
portance now, when the war bodies
are going out of existence, and SO in
this office of statistical adviser will be
centralized the work which has been
done in part in many Offices.
Naturally, the federal bureau de-
pendent upon Congress for funds to
organize and start such work cannot
| expect to put a large force of experts
or even of ordinary clerks to work on
this data covering local commodities
So the big idea that the chief of the
bureau and DR.. Rutter have is to
make this sort of seminary for IN
terested trade. Any particular indus
try or trade association or business
mouse could send an expert on par
tlcular commodities to this Office.
There would be placed at his disposal
carefully selected information from
the reliable publications all over the
world on the particular item, in which
he is interested. DR.. Rutter would d.
rect his study and assist In searching
out such particular information as the
trade expert sought.
Evening star., 1919-03-30
Capitalization of Work

Dr.. Rutter intends to take the sta.
Evening star., 1919-03-30
B1unders Becoming Plain.

Vet II is plain now in Paris how
preat was the blunder in November
and in all the subsequent weeks
There was always the fatal dilemma
.SshalI we save Germany to pay at the
risk of her being peril or shall we
permit her to fall into chaos. becom-
ing thus powerless but also incapable
Of nayinsT In the absence of any
settled policy on the part Of the en-.
tente nations Germany was permitted
fo sink into revolution. We could not
make up our minds to give her the
raw materials to start her factories
we could not decide TO remove. the
blockade and let her population go
hack to work. In this we were stop
ned by the fact that to permit her to
do this would be to enable her to ex-
ploit to her own interest her destruc-
ton of French industries and Belgian
factories. The monstrous unfaiIness
of such a course was patent. but II
was not less plain that IL we did not
hermit her to go to work she would
not only be unable to ray but her
population would presently become
accustomed to idleness and be unwill-
5ne TO go back to work.
This is what has happened. Appre-
hension of militaristic Germany
during the next ten or fifteen years
may be now dismissed as idle. Ger
many can't fight and Germany won't
fight The national spirit is at least
temporarily broken, confidence in ma
tional leaders. in old policies OF pan
Germapism has disappeared Eco.
nomically, morally. militarily, Ger.
many is at dead low water and the
flood tide must be a long time com
ing.
Evening star., 1919-03-30
Fled to New Dangers.

But in escaping the peril of a
strong Germany. which obsessed our
leaders who made the armistice-
which diseased all minds in Paris at
MANY moments-the conquerors of the
kaiser have only fed to a new dan
ger We have almost finished COM
putting how much Germany owes us
and there is not living man in
Paris who has the re'notest faith
that we shall ever be able to collect
even an insignificant fragment Of
our bill. We have permitted our
debtor to become totally bankrupt.
We have permitted him not merely
to lose the larger portion of his
capacity to work. but also the desire
and the incentive to work. The Ger
manrh has laid down hla tools, aban-
The Greeneville daily sun. (Greeneville, Tenn.) 1918-1920, 1919-10-10
Big Magazines
Hit by Strike

NE WYORK, Oct. 10.-Every mag
azine establishment in this city has
been closed as a result of the quarrel
between certain local unions and their
international unions," according to
announcement last night by the Peri
odical Publishers association of
America. .
AS a result of the strike and lock-
out prevailing in book and job of
fees, the following publications will
not appear on time, the association
announced; Golfers Weekly, Nc
Clure's Pictorial Review, Cosmopoli-
tan, Hearst's Magazine, Harper's Ba-
zaar, Good Housekeeping, Harper's
Magazine, Metropolitan, Scribner's
Magazine, Century, Munsey's, Popu-
lar, Delineator, Everybody's Magazine,
McCalPs, Popular Monthly, Vogue,
Vanity Fair, Motion Picture Maga-
zine and $50 others, as we'll as many
of the largest trade papers in the
country.
The Greeneville daily sun. (Greeneville, Tenn.) 1918-1920, 1919-10-10
Summary Weather
and Crop Conditions
in Tennessee

For Week Ending October Z, 1919.) J
NASHVILLE, OcV. S.-Drought
continued over most of the state, es-
pecially severe in parts of the eastern
division, until the 9Th, when good rains
fell, but not enough in the east. In
many localities water is very scarce.
The September rainfall at Chattanoo-
ga was the least monthly amount on
record for that station, only 0.O4 inch.
Over most of the western half of the
state the drought was fairly we'll brok-
IN by the rain of the 5th, and late
growing crops will be greatly bene-
fitted and pastures revived. Flowing
for wheat made slow progress during
the week, but the conditions are ia
vorable since the rain, except in the
dry areas in the east. Late corn, po-
tatoes, truck, and pastures suffered
fro mthe drought. The conditions
were favorable, on the whole, for cot
ton, as the rain came in time to save
deterioration from drought, and the
warm weather was favorable for top
growth, and also for opening of the
bolls and for picking, Sorghum max
ing was feature of the weeks work.
The Greeneville daily sun. (Greeneville, Tenn.) 1918-1920, 1919-10-10
Japanese Delegation
Visits the Methodists

NASHVILLE, Oct. 10.-(Special
Correspondence A Japanese dele
cation, consisting of Rev. Toxic Ku-
gimiya and Rev. Zentaro Ono, was
here last week to confer with the
Centenary Commission of tHc NJ. F
Church. South, with view to putting
on in Japan at en- early date cam.
paign similar 20 that which was cor
Quoted throughout Southern Method
ism last summer, resulting in sub
scriptions aggregating more than $5,-
100000 Mr.. Kugimiva is pastor of
the Mthodist church in Osaka, and
Mr.. Ono is member of the faculty
of Kwansei Gakuin, a great Christian
school for boys in Kobe. Both are
members of the Methodist church in
Japan and have been elected to head
the Centenary movement in that coun-
try. Their visit to America was for
the purpose of informing themselves
fully as to the methods which proved
so successful here. The financial goal
of the Centenary movement in Japan
is 100000, a very small sum by com
parison, but large for a struggling
church.
The Greeneville daily sun. (Greeneville, Tenn.) 1918-1920, 1919-10-10
Fifth Avenue
Cops Chase Bloody
Hounds of Russia y

NEW YORK, Oct. 10.-Heads were
broken on Fifth avenue yesterday
when mounted police charged a mob
of severa Thousand radicals who at
tempted to parade up the avenue with
out permit. Banners, which bore a
number of incendiary slogans were
confscated by the police and half fill
cd patrol wagon. A number of ar
rests were made. The police said the
parade was organized by a Russian
newspaper published here entitled
Now Mir.
Devices on the banners read !:
Bloody Hounds of Russia" "Deport
Us All to the Soviets." "You Want
to Give Us Democracy, But Keep 1t
to Yourselves" and "Open the Jails."
The riot started after the process
sion had gone only two or three blocks
Refusing the request of policemen to
see their permit for the parade the
officer was forced to call for aid and
melee ended the services of a score
of mounted policemen and fifty re-
serves were required. The mounted
officers charged into the crowd and
100 or more of the paraders were
injured.
The Greeneville daily sun. (Greeneville, Tenn.) 1918-1920, 1919-10-10
Rules for Wearing
u. S. Uniforms

WASHINGTON, Oct. 10. - The
War Department authorizes publica-
ton of the following information:
The Secret ry Of War directs that
reserve officers not on active duty
may wear the uniform of their corps
and rank on occasions of military GER
emony, on public holidays, such as
Decoration Day, &C., and when en-
gagged in the military instruction of
or when responsible for the military
discipline of cadet corps at an edu-
cational institution. The proper col
lar insignia, "U. S." with superimpos-
ed "R" in gilt, must then be worn.
The act of Congress approved Feb
ruary 2S, 1919, provides that any
person who served in the United
States army during the late war may
wear the uniform after discharge, pro.
vided it shall include some distinguish
ing mark to be prescribed by the Sec
retary of War. The red chevron has
been so prescribed. Reserve officers
wearing the uniform under this pro-
vision must wear the uniform of the
corps, rank or grade, enlisted or com
missioned, that they were authorized
to wear at the date of their discharge.
The prescribed red chevron must then
be worn.