davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-12-14
Charles Wants Son Crowned
Would Restore Austro.Hunoa.
rian Monarchy.

GENEVA, Dec. 13-Restoration Of
the monarchy is the only hope Of
Austria Hungary in the reestablish-
ment Of internal political order. said
former Emperor Charles, speaking With
friends at his home near here recently.
he added he would not be candidate.
but would strongly support the claims
Of his son, under monarchist tutelare
and backed by the Allies, with whom
the former emperor desires to remain
on friendly terms.
Charles does not favor union with
Germany, believing that such step
would mean ruin to AMatria.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-12-14

CORLIEs MACY q CO.. me,
East 45th Street--2o John st.
mas Cards. Stationery. Calcndars--Advt.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-15

BY their delegates, and which, by con-
sent of all equally. would decide as a
friendly arbiter their differences and
would replace wal by Cancellation"
The point of difference lies in the
prominence then given to the question
of religious wars, which were in vogue,
in the. early seventeenth century.
Catholics and Protestants waged wal
on each other, and both fought the ''un-
~speakable Turk"
.Henry's ideas embraced both the
religious state and the political state
Of EUROPE wrote Poirson. 'In what
ever related to the religious state, he
proposed to unite with the sovereigns
lof the states already his allies or dis
posed to become 80 in seeking suitable
means to establish the three dominating
cults - Catholicism, Lutherism and
Calvinism-on such conditions Of lib-
,erty and force that all those who pro-
fessed them might h~enceforth follow
them untroubled, that any Of the three
cults might not in the, future opptess
the other two, and that the principle
Of religious q might thus b de-
stroyed."
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-15

and on the other to establish among
the hereditary monarchies or the prin.
cipal dominions of Europe an equilib-
rum of power of such nature that they
might henceforth easily defend their
OWN independence and that of weaker
states against the attempts of restless
and ambitious neighbors.
'"The king and his associates were to
work to make impossible the quarrels
which tnp to that time had armed Chris
tian states one against another, by
establishing for each of them clearly
defined borders and frontiers, and by
settling with fairness their debated
rights and their conflicting claims.
''The king was to try, by his example
and advice, to lead the other princes
ia movement toward giving to their
people an interior government SUM-
GENTLY moderate and wise to prevent
revolts against the sovereign in the flu
ture. and to destroy the cause Of civil
wars.
He would try, furthermore. to have
the dife-ant states which form the
Christianity Of Europe convene to form
. council where all would Be represented
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-15

working eight hours each. in succession !;
the iron was kept hot from the day the
work began until January 30, 1862,
when the hull was sent afloat in the
waters of the East river, under the
name of Monitor"
The Merrimac was finished first, and
on the morning of Friday, March 8,
1862. she steamed from her berth at
Norfolk. accompanied by two Confeder-
ate %gunboats. She had come forth to
make a test, and material for this was
close at hand. Half a dozen United
States ships, including the sailing
frigate Congress and the sailing sloop-
of war Cumberland, were lying in
Hampton Roads, between Fortress
Monroe and Newport News.
When the Merrimac had approached
to within three quarters of a mile. the
Cumberland's ten inch pivot gun opened
fire and was followed BY a salvo from
the Congress. And the Merrimac re-
sponded with broadside for ~broadside.
And thus was begun the battle which
forever swept away the old style war
ship and in%augurated the sixth period.
the period of the armor- plated fighting
ship which has just attained it's Gull
minating point in the Tennessee.
The Merrimac had things her own
way in that entire days battle turmoil.
The shot that fell upon her from frigate.
sloop and land batteries rebounded
without as much as denting her plate.
She rammed the Cumberland and raked
her, fore and aft and sideway, with
shot and shell, killing 40 of her crew
of 1916. Nevertheless the old order of
things died game.
When called upon to surrender. the
Cumberland's acting commander, Lieu
tenant George U. Morris, replied:
Never! I'll sink alongside"
Death of the Cumberland
And his gun crews kicked off their
shoes, as the ship was settling and the
rising water made it hard for them to
hold their footing, and they stripped
to the waist.
And. as the Cumberland was prepar-
ing for her final lurch, her one gun.
which could still be worked, was fred.
The smoke from this parting shot was
still lowering over the water when the
gallant ship sank, with her flag flying.
Lieutenant Morris was among those
saved and he and the other survivors
were honored and feted everywhere.
The Congress was not more fortunate
than the Cumberland had been. She
was so badly mauled that Lieutenant
Joseph B. Smith, her commanding Of
ticer, surrendered. But, in the confu-
sion which followed, the Merrimac
poured broadside after broadside of red
heated shot in the surrendered vessel,
setting her afre.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-15

lures OF, the times were led Of necessity
to become engrossed with the idea of de-
liyering humanity from these fails, and
OF seeking the means Of VIGOROUSLY
combating the two principles Of all these
calamities: Religious intolerance on
the one hand. and on the other the
ambition Of the Austrian house. which
had been pursuing with perseverance, for
more than a half century its projects
of universal domination.
Religious intolerance" has vanished
and the Prussian has been substituted
for tile Austrian house in the present
discussion. Beyond these minor differ
ences, the plans Of Henry ~ sound as
though they might'ha v been formed by
President Wilson or Sir Robert Cecil.
Regarding the general political state
Of Europe" to again translate from
Poirson, Henry " wished to have
associated as many sovereigns as, pos
sible in the plan he had formed, on the
one hand to reduce the territorial pos
sessions and the sources. Of revenue Of
Austria in such a manner that that
power wouM cease to be e~ternally hos.
tile and threatening to the other states,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-15
Who First Thought of League of Nations?
WHO first thought of the league Of

WHO frst thought of the league Of
w nations?
Henry ~. the valiant king of
Navarro" say the French people with
one voice. "Or, if he was not actually
the first to think of it. he was the first
to work it out and present it to the
people of Europe"
1t was in 1908 that Henry w, as
sisted by his able minister, sully, pro-
posed the foundation, ION a gigantic and
almost incomprehcnsible scale, Of. q,
Christian republic, composed Of fifteen
states equal in power, which would
establish perpetual peace in Europe"
1t was called lie Grand Dessein',, (the
great scheme). &
The times and conditions were similar
to those today. mo century," to
quote from Auguste Poirson's life Of
Henry ", had ever been 30 cruelty
tried as the sixteenth century by wars,
civil and foreign, political and religious,
extending to all the NATIONS of Europe,
teeming at the same time with horrors
which were revolving and with disasters
which made n shudder. The most
noble minds and the most generous ma
HLE ~ HE it Lakfa
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-15

hull, and on this, amidships, he erected
a casemate, with its walls inclined in
I an angle of about thirty six de-
erees,' according to one of her officers,
n forty five, according to another.
This casemate was two feet thick
and was made of twelve inch timbers
standing on end. covered with eight
men timbers laid horizontally. which
were in turn covered with oak plank
four inches thick.
these were' laid iron plates two
inches thick and eight inches wide,
placed horizontally with another layer
of the same dimensions over them.
placed vertically. The side walls of this
casemate projected down and out over
the sides of the hulk like the caves of a
country house to protect the water line.
and the hull itself was plated with one
inch iron for two feet below the deck,
although the design called for three
inch iron.
Ericsson az His Ironclad
The inclined sides were carried up
high enough to give seven feet head
room inside, and then a heavy fiat deck
twenty feet wide with matches in it, was
laid across. On the bow, two feet be-
low the water line, was bolted a cast
iron wedge that projected two feet from
the stem and was for use as a ram.
"The battery of the Merrimac con-
tanned six of the nine inch Dahlgrens
found in the Norfolk nav yard and four
rifles designed by Brooke. Two of these
rifles were mounted as pivots at bow and
stern and two smaller ones were in the
broadside."
1t was not until August 8, 1851, that
the government at Washington began
to think seriously of an ironclad as an
offset to the one the Confederates were
building. On that day Congress made
an appropriation but it was not until
October 4 that the contract with the
famous inventor, John Ericsson, for the
construction of the vessel was signed.
This was a needless delay" say
Mr.. Spears in the book already quoted,
land this fact is worth emphasizing be-
cause it is not unlikely that similar de-
days will be experienced whenever the
nation is again unexpectedly plunged
into war"
When it is considered that the book
was published in 1899, these words
seem singularly prophetic.
"But if the authorities were dila-
tory" the author continues comment
ing, 1.-The mechanics were not. The keel
was stretched in that part of the Brook
lyn water front called Greenpoint before
the end of the month, although working
plans had to be laid in the mold loft
and contracts for materials made.
''Three gangs of men were employed,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-15

first class, eight of the second class
and five of the third class.
Among the ~frigates was the Merri-
mac, which at the outbreak of the war
was set aire and sunk at Norfolk.
On June 10. 1861. Lieutenant John
NJ. Brooke. Of theN Confederate navy.
who had been in the American navy.
was commissioned by the Confederate
Navy Department to design an iron
clad sufficiently strong to gain control
OF. the navigable waters in and about
the Chesapeake Bay. As a result of
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-15

the plans which he drew. the frigate
Merrimac was raised and utilized as the
basis for his superstructure. Asso-
ciated in this work with Lieutenant
Brooke was Constructor j. l.. Porter.
The following description of the
in which they wrought. is taken from
John R. Spears's History OF. Our
Navy" volume ", page 1877:
Porter having got the hull in the
drydock. cut it down to where the
berth deck had been. Then he laid
a heavy timber deck over the entire
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-15

Augustus) at Actium, in. the battle for
the mastery of Rome, were but an
expansion of the same period type.
Vessels propelled exclusively BY sails
FILL the history of the fourth period of
naval warfare. until shortly before our
own Civil War when. for the first time.
steamships were employed.
Beginning in 1874 the United States
navy began building steamships. and
BY the tipe the internecine fight be-
gan in 1861. we had seven screw
frigates, six screw sloops of war of the
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-15

It was i've o'clock in the afternoon
by this time and the. ebb tide was be-
ginning to set in. The, Merrimac,
fearing to ground, now withdrew, her
commander, Commodore Buchanan, in
tending to return the following day.
He did; but the Monitor, under COM
mand OF Captain j. l.. Worden, also
appeared upon the scene. And then be-
gan the most memorable naval fight
over fought up to that time-the fight
which made it clear that nothing but
heavy armor could thereafter avail to
save ships from the gum of enemies,
and that nothing but guns capable Of
piercing the hostile crafts armor could
be decisive of battles.
As for the battle between the Merri-
mac and Monitor, each side claimed
the advantage after an all days fight.
Historians, however, appear to regard
it as "a draw"
On May 10, 1862, hemmed in by
Union forces and unable to escape, the
Merrimac was blown up by the Con-
federates when they were compelled to
e~vacuate Norfolk. The Monitor found
cred in a gale a few months later.
The Six Tennessees
The principle in naval warfare which
they had established had come to stay;
and both North and South now FASTENED
to turn every available vessel into an
ironclad.
Lord Howard Douglas and other
eminent British authorities had pooh
poohed the idea of an ironclad being as
dangerous to an enemy as it would
necessarily have to be to its own crew.
They proved it with mathematical pre-
cision and, no doubt, not they, but
mathematics, were to blame for the I'M
expectedly wonderful results of the first
action of the ironclads. And ever since
then England has been foremost among
nations in multiplying armored ships
of war.
To return to the Tennessee, there
have been six ships of that name in
the United States v
The first Tennessee was a sidewheel
steamer carrying five guns. She had
gotten into the possession of the Con-
federates and was captured by Farraxut
at the taking of New Orleans. April rs,
1862.
The second Tennessee was a big Con-
federate ironclad, captured by the fed
eral forces when Memphis was taken.
about the same time.
The third was the still more power.
full Confederate armored ram and re-
quired the concentrated efforts Of virtu-
ally the entire feet of Farragut to COM
pei its surrender at the battle of Mobile
Bay, August S, 1864.
The fourth Tennessee wal built at the
New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn in
1865 and received the name of Mada-
waska. She was unsatisfactory at first.
but was remodeled into a. first rate
wooden frigate Of 1910 tons displace-
ment and renamed Tennessee. After
ward she was converted into a full
rugged ship. Under steam she was able
to make fourteen knots. In September,
1887, she was sold for $34, 500, although
her cost to the government up to that
time has been nearly S 100000.
The fifth Tennessee was an armored
cruiser launched in 1904. She was re-
named Memphis in May, 1915, when
authorization was granted for the CON
struction of the sixth Tennessee, the
superdreadnought just launched.
The Memphis was wrecked on tho
coral reefs off Santo Domingo in
August, 1916, a tidal wave having torn
her from her mornings.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-15
Fortress, the Giant U.S.. S. Tennessee, Leads Naviies
rn1anlents and Ability to Lnfict p Punishment on a Foe

copyrirht. 1919. by Public Ledger Co.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1919-02-27
SCHOOL notes
Senior High School Notes.

Senior High School Notes.
Six weeks quizzes are much in
evidence this week.
The third payment on the Victor!
Club is being made this week.
Supt. M. D. Aygarn is attending the
National Convention for Superintend-
ents at Chicago this week.
Miss Esther Sprague, Mrs. v.
Conklin and Rev. Thompson favored
the school by acting as judges for the
contests.
The Discussion League Contest and
Declamatory Contest was held in the
Senior High School Tuesday evening.
The topic of the discussion was "The
Chief Benefits Derived from the Pres
emit War;" The following discussions
were given:
"New Spirit of Patriotism and
Americanism," Lillian Hansen.
'The New Place of Woman" Leila
Wells.
"a New Industrial Democracy"
Leone Ingram. --
Music, Girls Glee Club.
Declamatory Contest.
Democracy's Exponent, Genevieve
Key.
"The Littlest Rebel" Lillian Brooks.
"The Whistling Mother" Elsie
Lockead.
"Within the Law" Vera Clark.
"The Meaning Of Americas En-
trance into the War;" Donald Bonner.
Leone Ingram won first place in the
Discussion League and Leila Wells,
second. Leone Ingram will take part
in the District Contest at Morris early
in March.
Genevieve Key won first for the
Girls in Declamatory and Vera Clark
second.
These two girls and Donald Bonner
will represent the school in the Dis
trict Contest at Alexandria this week
Friday. Miss Sprung will accompany
them.
Junior High School Notes.
E. C. Raine, the lecturer on
Alaska, spoke before the Junior As
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1919-02-27

sembly on Wednesday afternoon. He
pointed out the wonders and beauties
of Alaska in such way so as to make
it seem more real to us. Alaska has
always seemed far away from US but
now we feel tina ALASKA is a far
more valuable country than we realiz-
ed before.
War Savings Societies have been
organized in all the Junior High
School classes. p.
Corrine Schroeder will give read
ing, "Cuddie," before the High school
assembly on Thursday at Ito.
Industrial work consisting of max
ing booklets and drawing maps is be-
ing taken up in all the grades.
Miss Mosford visited District 26 and
100 on Wednesday afternoon and Dis
trict II and IS on Thursday morning.
Paul Koeber entered the Second
grade last week.
Mrs. Dahlem visited the Second
grade on Thursday.
Miss Peterson Of the Long Prairie
schools visited in the first grade last
week. 49,. 2.-.
Elda Hardin was enrolled in the
Kindergarten on Thursday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1919-02-27

MR.. AND MRS. E. M. GILLIG
entertained party Of friends Tues
day evening in honor of Mrs. Gillig's
mother and sister, Mrs. Chas. Rost
and Miss Clara Rost of st. Peter.
Cards were played and a lunch was
served. Mrs. Rost will returned to
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1919-02-27
PAGE FIVE

shame mantling his cheeks, then must
he possess heart of adamant. Mar
tin J. Higgins, member of the staff
of the Sunday Call, Newark, writes
me as follows:
There is a widow who has been in
my election district-a Mrs. Ellen
Sissons, ID North Third Street, New
ark,-whose son, Pvt. George A.
Sissons, Company L. Twenty-third
United States Infantry, died as the
result of wounds received in actic
on July 20, 1918. His mother was not
notified of his death until New Years
Day. The soldier in his last letter to
her informed her he had made out an
allotment and had insured himself,
making her the beneficiary.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1919-02-27

her home this week, while Miss Rost
intends to make an extended visit
MR.. AND MRS. OSCAR KLONNE
entertained Mrs. o. Wheeler and Mrs.
S. Beidleman at dinner on Sunday
last.
THE SANS SOUCI CIRCLE WE'RE
entertained at the J. F. Cooper home
yesterday. Dinner was served at $50.
The evening was spent in playing
cards.
THE ROYAL NEIGHBORS WE'RE
entertained Tuesday afternoon at the
Mrs. Frank Marshall home. At $50
refreshments were served.
THE SECOND INFORMAL DANG
ing party by Naomi Chapter, Order Of
the Eastern Star will be given at the
Masonic Temple from $3.50 to 1890
this Thursday evening. p
NAOMI CHAPTER, ORDER OF
Eastern Star will hold it's regular
meeting at the Masonic Temple Tues
day evening, March 4. There will be
degree work and luncheon.
MRS. GEORGE BORGMANN
will entertain the Ladies' Monday
Musical Club Monday afternoon,
March third.
A QUIET WEDDING TOOK
place at St. Paul's church Monday
morning, February "a, 1919, when
Miss Katie Pfeffer, daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. Joseph Pfeiffier became the
wife of Joseph Kunze, Rev. Anthony
Art performing the ceremony.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1919-02-27

in authority to enlighten them and no
one who seems to care a picayune
regarding their future in that respec
y i
This whole question of procrastins
ton on the part of the government in
the payment of allotments and allow
ances to suffering, starving mothers
wives, and children Of soldiers con-
stitutes the chief tragedy of the war,
so far as America is concerned.
In this matter of the heartless con-
duct Of the government, let me quote
a letter from a mother in my State,
which, in simple language, speaks
more eloquently than can I or any
other Senator on this floor. Mrs. J
E. Romano, haywood, N. j., writes
me as follows:
am IN receipt of communication
from the Treasury Department,
Bureau of War Risk insurance, stat
ing that the allotment and allowance
of my son made out to me, which was
paid in full to me September 80 for
1926, had been overpaid by the govern
|ment, as he was killed on the 25th of
September. The demand is made up
on me to refund to the Treasury De-
partment SALT. --
! I was not aware that the soldiers
were employed by the government by
the day or hour. If you, dear Senator,
were employing a man by the month
and he was away sick or had died a
few days before his month was up,
would you deduct from his salary
these few days? I, as poor as I am,
would feel that was in honor bound
to pay this trivial SALT. Dear sir,
what would you advise-return the
SALT or not?
. What picture of pathos! And,
too, on the other hand, what an ex-
hibition of brutal asininity on the part
of the government! Has it become
such Cheap John affair that it mus
hound the heartbroken mothers of the
land in cases like this?
I shall not detain the Senate by
quoting further from the hundreds Of
letters in my files, begging for aid in
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1919-02-27
Pilgrim Memorial Speaker at
Congregational Church Sunday

state This memorial however is not
to be some soctly monument of marble
or granite but is to take the form of
a memorial fund" which is to be
the basis of permanent annuity
plan whereby the ministers of the
Pilgrim faith may look forward to an
old age freed from the spectre of
want. This plan is not to be a charity
any more than the railroad employees
pension is a charity, but a sound
financial plan whereby ministers by
contributing a proportion of their in
come each year may on retirement
through old age or i'll health receive
a pension which will enable them to
live without suffering privation and
want. To enable the denomination
to do this sum Of five million dol
lars is necessary and the raising of
this sum is part of the great Pilgrim
tercentenary program which is now
going forward. Rev. Elmer H. John
son of Minneapolis, field representa-
tive of the Pilgrim Memorial Fund,
will present the stirring appeal on
behalf of the fund at the Congrega-
tional church next Sunday, March End,
at 1000 and 5:15, and will remain in
the city until he has made a complete
canvass of the members of the church
and congregation.
AS is the custom of the local
Congregational church contributions
will not be asked for outside of the
Congregational people, this being a
distinctly UNCONVENTIONAL affair.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1919-02-27

securing expeditions action upon allot-
ment and allowance claims. The
pages of the Congressional Record
would not suffice to present even :;
small fraction of them.
Who is responsible for the delays in
reporting casualties, and why should
months elapse before relatives in this
country are informed of the wounding
the illness, or the deaths of loved
ones in France
Is there Senator on the floor who
can not produce hundreds of letters
from constituents conveying heart
rending complaints of this kind?
Here is a typical letter, Mr.. Presi-
dent; and if any Senator can listen
the reading of it without the blush
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1919-02-27

In 1920 the Congregationalists of
America will celebrate the 300th
anniversary of the landing of the
Pilgrim Fathers in America. This
anniversary will be made the occasion
Of a great gathering at Plymouth,
and Congregationalists from all over
the world will participate in the
event. AS part of the program a