davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-10-19

ward placed him on the throne at the
height Of his popularity, Imagination
plays large part In the life of peo-
pie, and. flushed with victory over the
Turks and Bulgars. the ambitious
Greeks in 1913 were looking TOWARD
Constantinople. 1t would not be too
much to say that they held Constan-
inc to be a chosen leader and that
his military feats were but the fore
runners OF higher greatness. There is
Givinity that doth hedge king,
and the name of King Constantine
XII. (the Greeks have long memories }
was popular in Greece as one that
foretold the freeing Of Santa Sophia
from the Moslem.
Such. then. was the handicap of
Venizelos, As the war went on the
German victories and the allied disas-
ter at Gallipoli were all too familiar to
the people Of the Levant. Venizelos
was eager to aid in the Gallipoli enter
prise. The King called crown coun-
ell and opposed Intervention, and Veni-
zelos resigned for the first time in
March, 1915. The people We're bewil-
| dered. The King caused u TO be spread
abroad that Venizelos was willing TO
surrender Greek territory in order TO
win Bulgaria over to the Entente.
Venizelos called on the Cabinet TO deny
this and published his own memoran-
dunn. showing the offers made to him
by the Entente. The great statesman
maintained that his one object was
harmony in the Balkans friendship
with Bulgaria and a greater Greece,
until he learned that Germany had
made a loan to Bulgaria, wherein he
read the handwriting on the wall. The
King repudiated this explanation. Elec-
lions were held in June and the Vent
zelos party sent back to the Chamber
by large majority, while the King
was forced TO accept once more Veni-
zelos and his policy OF benevolent neu-
trality to the Entente and the fulil-
ment OF treaty obligations to Serbia
A new crisis arose in September
when Bulgaria modified against Ser
bia. Venizelos ordered Greek moblliza-
ton and asked France and England 70
send 10000 troops to support Serbia
The King refused TO give his con.
sent. and Venizelos communicated this
refusal TO the Entente Powers. The
French. however, had already landed
at Salonica, and other troops were or
The sun., 1919-10-19

June ~. three weeks before the
Sarajevo murder. Serbia's reply,
dated Juno 16. is loyal and frank
and goes to show how little the
Government of Belgrade was
thinking OF war at that time:
THE Serbian Government begs
TO express the desire that the
question OF the prosecutions of the
Greeks In Turkey may be settled
peacefully through the interven-
ton OF the Great Powers who
have assumed the obligation OF
protecting the Christians in Tur-
key. Consequently, Il desires that
an armed conflict be avoided for
the following reasons that are de-
cisive according to its point Of
view:
'1st. The Serbian Government
has not been able, up to the pres-
ent time, TO complete its arma-
ment, the larger part of which
was rendered useless or was de-
stroyed In the two wars. 1t Is
particularly in need OF rifles and
ammunition.
ga. Serbia also lacks financial
means. It's finances are exhaust
cd. All credit is refused to her
and she cannot count on a loan
abroad During these last six
months she has made great ef-.
forts IN order to secure loan for
q short term. agreeing even to Is
sue Government bopds, but to no
purpose. inasmuch as she has al.
ready obtained one which. al
though now exhausted. has not
been SUFFICIENT to meet her pre-
vious obligations.
ga. The Serbian people,. and
that means the army. Is weak
ened and worn out; II is conse-
auentiy unable to enter into a new
war.
18th. Bulgaria IL at present bet
ter prepared for the war than she
was when she attacked US. Aus.
The sun., 1919-10-19
Ex- KAISER WILHELM

cutor before the High Court consti-
tuted to try the members OF the
Skou1oudis and Lambros Ministries
who had kept Greece from fulfilling
her obligations to Serbia and who had
encouraged hostilities to the Entente
Allies. The basis OF the topographic
system made use OF by the King and
Queen was French ciphered diction-
airy dated 1884. one copy Of which
was in possession of Mr. N. Theotoky,
as receiving agent Of the King and
Queen, without the knowledge of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The
wireless correspondence was carried
on from the radio station at Athens TO
that at Sophia. which retransmitted
the messages to Berlin 40 vice versa.
Cabled messages wen bit to the
Greek Ministers at B6lat or Rome,
who were instructed to send them. on
to the Greek Minister in Berlin. The
cipher messages that have been dis
covered bore the name Of the Foreign
Minister Of the period. but Il Is not
clear that he was aware OF their con-
tents. The ciphering work at Athens
seems to have been entirely in the
hands Of another Mr.. Theotoky, mas
ter Of ceremonies at the Court Of
Queen Sophie and closely related to. II
not a brother of, the Minister in Ber-
lin.
Discovery of Code an Accident.
The discovery of the secret code was
accidental. A cipher message was
sent January 5. 1916, by Theotoky in
Berlin to King Constantine, contain
ing the text OF letter from the s,
Bleichroeder bank of Berlin to the Ma
tional Bank of Greece and a transla-
ton OF this message was found in the
files of the National Bank, while the
text in cipher of the wireless original
was found in the registry book of the
radio station at Athens. Juxtaposition
of the words and ciphers led to the
discovery of the code and to the read.
ing of most Of the messages. .
4 Translation of the letter OF the a
Bleichreder Bank:
,-s BERLIN. Jan. s. 1915.
ITO thel National Bank Of Greece
| Athens:
I confirm by the present that ! am
opening for you a credit OF forty mill
lions of marks under the following con-
ditions:
4 You are authorized either TO have q
credit in my bank at your disposal OF
to draw on me by quarterly drafts Ut
to the full total Of the above amount.
For the credit at your disposal you
, will allow me a net per cent. interest
annually; for the drafts hve-eighth,
per cent. commission quarterly
bind myself TO renew tho drafts
, every three months. the tpaymentJ Il
Il be made three months after the conclu
sion Of peace. 80,
You will keep on file the draft wired
on mo.
Please confirm the above
Believe me. gentlemen.
Yours most sincerely.
Z 8. BLEIcHRoEpER-
The sun., 1919-10-19

the outbreak Of the war in 1914, was
eagerly in favor Of the Entente. while
the German trained King. on the other
hand, was stubbornly against siding
with France and her allies. King
Constantine had studied at the Berlin
War College; he looked up to the
Kaiser as a demigod. and when In
1918 he toured Europe after the Bal
kan war he showed his, contempt
for France by openly ascribing the
victories the Greek armies had gained
to the training he and his officers had
received in ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS for
getful Of the fact that the officers of
his army owed whatever military sci
ehce they had to the care and devotion
OF. Frenchman, Gen. Eydoux, to
whom. with his stan Of French officers.
had been entrusted the buildipg-up OF
the Greek army before the Balkan
war by the late King George of Greece.
Constantine had not always been the
idol Of his own army. Early in. his
career there was q certain "concen-
tration at the rear" toaput IL euphe-
mistically, about the time of the battle
of Larissa. that had caused the word
I coward" TO be associated with his
name in the officers mess. The com
mon soldier also had strong feelings
! on the point. The man in tho ranks
remembered that the Crown Prince
was fond OF the table, that his field
kitchen was always literally supplied
when other haversacks were empty,
and that whenever he moved toward
the front a liberal quantity Of ducks
=
The sun., 1919-10-19

tria has secretly supplied her,
from her own depots, a sufficient
quantity OF new rifles and ammu-
milton. and a large number Of
guns with the necessary ammuni'
ton. This makes one think that
Bulgaria wishes war as soon as
possible in order to take revenge
for recent events"
Serbia stoutIy Loyal.
Nevertheless, Serbia took steps to
support Greece In Constantinople and
called on Turkey ITO put a stop to this
intolerable state OF affairs" When
the Grand Vizier replied that he did
not see how that which took place In
Asia Minor touched Serbia. Serbia's
answer was that whatever touched
Greece touched also Serbia in her
character OF ally" A loyal stand
which won for Minister STREET. In
Athens the thanks of King Constan.
tines Government "for a step which
has once more proved the strength Of
our alliance and the friendly bonds
which unite the two peoples"
Who could have thought that within
six weeks that same King OF Greece
would have weakened the strength OF
the alliance and been deaf to Serbias
appeal for help when Austria thun-
dered at her door, No wonder Ven
iselos was indignant and Belgrade
bghast. When Venizelos resigned
September z. 1915, he reminded the
King OF these things and pointed out
the danger OF espousing the cause OF
Greece's natural enemies. I'VE do not
escape the war, we simply postpone
1t, and that for no long time" he
wrote to the King. why should we
be so obliging toward Power which
seeks by every means to help the two
principal enemies OF Hellcnism
namely the Bulgarians and the Turks
and why show such indifference
toward the Powers which. after hav-
ing created and under all circum.
stances protected Greece. are still dis.
posed to-day to side with us7''
The sun., 1919-10-19
TIME Augean stable of Europe has
been swept, clean by the war

TIME Augean stable of Europe has
been swept, clean by the war
The constellation of German
ophhe kings Of which the Kaiser was
the greatest star. forming a caste
apart. intermarrying only among
themselves and looked up to with a
mystical awe by the unthinking, has
gone. Hohenzollern and Hapsburg,
Coburg and Romanoff. with their court
centred diplomacies. their marriages,
funerals, christenings. coronations and
jubilees, which were matters Of al
most universal worship and seemed to
explain the very existence of mankind.
have been driven into exile and man.
kind hardly misses them. We re-
member the unlimited guest at Am
erongen and the harmless Charles Of
Hapsburg at Wartegg in Switzerland
and the deposed Constantine Of
Greece and his Queen Sophie. who
called Venizelos 'the Cretan Boor" and
'1nterloper' and referred to him as
''ons of the little lawyers Of Athens"
Now that we look back It does
seem preposterous to think that max.
ing a man a king could change his
nationality or that marrying prin-
cess should break her family ties.
Now that we look back 1t does seem
preposterous that a nation should be
handed over like piece OF real es-
tate to a man or a family whose loyal
ties were elsewhere. The story OF
Greece during the war is a proof OF
this, and the documents in the "Greek
White Book" covering the period OF
1887, issued by the Ministry OF
Foreign Affairs OF the Greek Govern
ment and now published by the Amer
:can Hellenic Society, confirm what
the world already suspecteds thai
Queen Sophie, sister OF Kaiser VIII.
helm, was the dominating figure o.
pro- German intrigue at Athens during
the war and that, whatever their do
mestic relations may have been, hel
husband, Constantine. was her only
too willing accomplish. ~
Among the people, we shall aiwayi
continue to work in favor Of German,
against our enemies" she wirelesse.
IN secret code to the Kaiser Januar,
10. 1917. May the Infamous pigs re
ceive the punishment which they de
serve" was her message on Januar.
C, from your isolated and afflicted
sister" Again on January 10: 1"
hops you will not lose sight of tn
fact that Greece, in, pursuit. OF ou
nya al hxy n,
The sun., 1919-10-19
CHARLES
uOhkART

2. The second part deals with the
arrangements for the evacuation OF
Greek Macedonia and the surrender
10 the German Bulgarian forces Of the
arms. munitions and supplies at Fort
Roupel.
8. The third part reveals the willy
maneuvres of Constantine and Sophie
to supply information to Berlin, to
outwit the Entente and to use the
Greek. army to aid the Germans
against Salonica.
1.-THE Intervention of Tho with his
principal forces operating against the
west wing OF sarrail will bring the
decision in Macedonia. Up TO the pres
ent God has helped. ] am thinking
constantly Of you and Tino." the
Kaiser. had wirelessed through The.
otoky In Berlin to his sister, December
16, 1916. Having consulted some ex-
pert on strategy. Sophie replied. send
ing a thousand greetings and adding
"The issue that you advise would be
the only one possible If Sarrail, at
/ tackled by you. should be obliged to
retreat; in which case his left wing
would penetrate close to the parts Of
Greece occupied by US. As things are
now, since the distance separating this
wing from US is very great. the line
Of our communications would be too
much exposed and our stocks of food
and munitions would not be sufficient
for the long struggle. Under these cir.
cumstances. a decisive and prompt
attack on your part. II II is possible,
would give to Greece militarily the
opportunity to intervene"
HindenburE Was Not Ready.
Pressure was brought to bear in
Berlin, Zimmerman was appealed to,
q Crown council was held: but Hin
denburg was not ready to attack at
Salonica and Queen Sophie Is deso-
late. again she sends out a wireless
lament: II am heartbroken. 1t is too
bad. They have blundered." And the
only help Tho could give his friends
was TO promise Hindenburg on Janu-
airy 10, 1917: that rather than allow
the munitions and supplies in the
Peloponnesus TO fall into the hands OF
the Allies he would destroy them
This was followed by a charmingly
intimate note to the Kaiser on Janu.
airy IT:
Despatch of their Majesties King Con.
stantine and Queen Sophie to Mr.. N
Theotoky, Minister Of Greece at Berlin
Please communicate the following des.
patch. translated into German. to his
Majesty the Emperor:
I'VE send you from the bottom Of
our heart our cordial wishes for your
birthday. We follow with admiration
the great events by land and sea. May
God soon give you a glorious victor,
over all your Infamous enemies. They
have honored us by the landing of forty
Senegalese soldiers in order to guart
the Legation OF France. A charming
picture of civilization! Affectionat,
greetings THO
SOPHIE"
yeBiselos Eagerly Pro-Ally.
To follow in some measure the con
fiict revealed in the pages Of thi,
White Book between the court a
Athens and abe statesman Venizelos
TO whom Greece owed and owes he
national unity. II must be remembers,
that venizelos. who controlled thu
majority Of the Greef Parliament q
The sun., 1919-10-19
The Pre-war Period.

= The new Greek White Book natu-
rally divides itself into three sections
1. Documents dealing with the pre-.
war period. when STREET. was Greek
Foreign Minister and. with the
approval OF King Constantine.
sounded out the policy of Serbia
in case OF trouble between Greece
and Turkey over the massacre
and exile Of Greeks in the Sui
'tan's dominions. "In case Bull.
garia should participate In the war
or refuse to defend its neutrality.
we would invoke tho casus fosde-
ris." wrote STREET. 70 Belgrade on
The sun., 1919-10-19

the way. It became question Of III.
King or the Premier whom the people
had elected. and once more the Pre-
mier resigned. The new Premier, Zai.
mis-, lasted only q month in office, but
during that month Bulgaria attacked
Serbia, and Greece refused to live up
to her treaty obligations, failed to
honor her bond, declared herself bank
rupt In faith and devoid OF credit at
the word of Constantine and his Ger
man Queen.
Peoples Will overridden.
Zaimis was succeeded by skouloudis,
creature Of the King, as the majority
Of the Parliament was strongly Vent
zelist. The issue at stake was whether
to allow the Anglo-French force to re-
main on Greek soil, and as the Par
lament opposed the policy OF the Cabi-
net the King dissolved the Chamber In
November and called for new elections
venizelos refused to recognize the
Kings right. and declaring that Con-
otantine had violated the constitution,
called on his followers not to vote, and
at the polls In December the Kings
favorites were of necessity In the ma
jorlty. The King had once more over
ridden the will Of the people. The new
Cabinet had as Premier and Foreign
Minister this same Skouloudis whose
lame Is associated with so many OF
the documents In the new Greek White
Book. His policy was ,one Of favoring
the Bulgars and Germans at every
turn No sooner was he reestablished
| in power than his plans became known
| to the army, where they caused con-
sternation, the provertisl hate Of the
Greek and Bulgar being intensified
| after the recent Balkan war. Docu-
ment after document, signed by Yana-
kistas, the new Minister of War. In
structs the commanders to retreat be-
fore the Bulgar advance, to give up
forts and supplies and to avoid offence.
until we come to the extraordinary
surrender of Fort Roupel, receipt for
which was given by Capt. Thiel Of the
| German army:
Protocol of the Surrender Of Fort Roapel
(Translation)'
FoRr RoUPEL, May 1927, 1916.
The commander of the fort, John Ma
vroudis, has surrendered the fort to the
German Cavalry (Capt. ThieD with the
following material and supplies:
% Two guns of is en-.
(2) Two guns Of rs en-. with 500
shells.
(3) 1900 900 cartridges.
a. $500 kilos of biscuits.
(5) $50 kilos of sugar
(6} $50 kilos OF butter.
as well as other povisions.
THIEL,
Captain of Artillery,
MAvRoCp1s,
Commander of Infantry.
'The present protocol was drawn up
in Germany.
The sun., 1919-10-19
skouIoudis Explains.

This surrender caused such bitter
feeling in the allied capitals that MI
Skouloudis was forced to explain 70
his ministers abroad.
Events now began to move rapidly
in Athens. The palace was alarmed.
Prince Nicholas and Prince Andrew
were sent to London and Petrograd, as
1t was explained to Berlin, to convince
the courts there that the policy of the
Allies in Greece was undermining the
throne. Berlin approved, and Theotoky
in Berlin, reporting to King Constan-
tine, added that he told Won Bern
storff shat this step by no means al
tered the political orientation your
Majesty had to tho war" Allied pres
sure IN Athens was not relaxed. The
Queens Master OF Ceremonies warned
Berlin that to send wireless messages
addressed to the King was dangerous.
but to use instead two WIS as initials
By May the financial situation was
in q bad way. The Skouloudis Caoi-
net was breaking UP and new Minis
ter OF Finance had to be called In to
face deficit of $4,000. 900 francs. The
Bleichroeder Bank had promised 40
OO0,o marks in July, In November
this same bank was asked by wireless
to place 100000 marks on deposit in
New York:
The Monster Of Foreign ATars 10 The
Royal Legation at Rome
(Telegram)
ATHENS, Nov. lila. 1915.
Please send by mail the following
despatch to our Minister Resident At
L. NA.N 49, ANa MAD
| to Mr.. Theotoky ZALocosTAs.
Despatch Of @. Christaki-ZogrophOs, as.
sociate governor Of the. National Bank
Of Greece, to N. Theotoky, Minister Of
! Greece at Berlin
Please transmit to the Bleichroeder
Bank the following despaesh of the Ma.
| tional Bank of Greece II have received
your letter OF July IS. beg you debit.
ing our account, to place at our disposal
| at the best rates the equivalent Of ten
m lion marks. in dollars, In a tirst class
| bank of your choice in New York, iud,-
eating to us the name % the ban"
/ through the Legation as intermediary'
| ZooRAPHos
The reply came in December from
Berlin:
p. S. Of N. Theotoky for the NdttoTo'
Bank OF Greece:
MIR. Bteichreder informs me that much
to his regret and Notwithstanding all his
efforts. 1t has not been possible, for tech
meal reasons. TO have the national BANK
cred ted at a New York bank WIN
counter value for the ten million marks
exchange being too much restricted
| THEoToKI.
| Used the Bern Route.
However, Queen Sophie managed 20
keep up a communication with Berlin
through the Greek Minister at Bern
Meanwhile the Venizelist party as
Gumed new strength; appeals 'eT'
made 10 the Cretan TO save tho nation
and the troops were afire TO det'n'
their soil against the BulgarS, lf
June Skouioudis had resignel an.
Zaimis was again called in. Rut th'
Allies insisted on Greek Generalization
for fear OF treachery. In December
the Allies demanded that Greece tu'n
over her heavy artillery. This was '"-
fused and the French landed N
Athens. A Greek officer lost his heae
L
The sun., 1919-10-19
yeni.eio. Eagerly Pro-Aiiy.

To follow in some measure the con-
fiict revealed in the pages Of this
White Book between the court at
Athens and abe statesman Venizelos,
to whom Greece owed and owes her
national unity. II must be remembered
that Venizelos, who controlled the
majority Of the Gresf Parliament at
The sun., 1919-10-19

CoIt;~~sd .. FoEot0t.5 ra7e,
Evening star., 1919-03-09
The Yvette Famous

Meets the needs of many women who have Meth
nor the opportunity to perform these important S
themselves or perhaps lack the knack. Let us gi,
assistance you require.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1919-05-02
The Air Ship.

Air ships are not yet as regular
in their running time as are the
tooto cars. for Auctioneer Baird g
plane, which was scheduled to stop
here Thursday morning did not ar
rive until Friday night between
five and six o'clock. 1t made a
landing in the pasture Of the old
Gaynor farm Just east of town on
the Yellowstone tran, and there was
a good stream of people going out
to examine the machine until dark
ness act in. The machine was in
charge of Lieut.. Larson, an expert
army aviator. Lloyd Manley, of
this city who but recently received
his discharge from the army avia.
tion corps on his return from France
drove the machine from here to
Waubay. starting from here Sat
urday morning about ten o'clock,
when there was pretty good
breeze blowing.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1919-05-02
Court hearinQ

Judge Anderson, the new circuit
Judge held court here Monday and
Tuesday for the first time. He was
giving q hearing in the county
court house cases. which Judge
Bouck had under advisement when
he was called by death. The evi-
dence was submitted as it had been
transcribed and presented to Judge
Bouck and was taken under advis-
ment by Judge Anderson. At
torneys Chase, Jones and Fuller
were in attendance on the court
presenting the evidence.
The Judge rendered judgment
for plaintiff for $3.50 and costs in
the Timber Products Co. case, and
in the other cases he will later lis
ten to agreements of attorneys.
A number of outside attorneys
were in attendance on the court with
cases. Among these were, Waddell
& Dougherty, Batterton, Barring
ton. Jorgenson and Nc Kenna of
Sisseton.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1919-05-02
WilmOt Odd fellows,

The editor of the Herald-Advance
enjoyed trip to Wilmot last Mon.
day evening and helped the Wilmot
lodge of Odd Fellows celebrate the
hundredth anniversary of the found
ing of American Odd Fellowship.
Wilmot has prosperous lodge with
encampment and Rebecca auxiliariee
both the lodge and Rebecca enroll
ment being over $50. and the en-
campment between SO and so; the
society owns it's own building,
which is very commodiously fitted
out with room and parapharnalia
for lodge work. and the Wilmot
brethren have the reputation Of ex-.
employing the degrees in q par
ticularly effective manner. An in
teresting program of music and lit
erary features made the evening an
unusually pleasant one and closed
with the serving Of refreshments.