davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-28
u. S. Looks to Mexican Gov
eminent to Reimburse
Funds Paid Bandits by
Friends of Jenkins for
His Release

Washington, October 27.-Official
information received from Mexico City
indicates that Carranza soldiers un-
questionably were implicated in the
kidnapping Of william o. Jenkins. the
American consular agent at Pueblo,
who was abducted October 10 and re-
leased only after his friends in Puebla
had paid to the kidnappcrs $l50,OO0 in
American gold.
State Department officials have not
been officially notified of the implica-
tion of Carranza military in the bold
est kidnapping of an American in the
history of recent years in Mexico, but
it is known that they look to the Mex
lean government to reimburse
promptly the friends of Jenkins.
The American government it was
said at the department, does not in
tend to pay any of the ransom money
either directly or indirectly.
Officials expressed their belief that
President Carranza would be glad to
repay the friends of the consu lar
agent.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-28
BY Associated Press

Washington, October ~.
The government stood pat to-
day on President Wilson's ulti-
matum to the soft coal miners
of the country that the strike
ordered for November ! must
not take place.
The whole federal machinery. already
set up for the emergency. was ready
10 deal with conditions IL the mining
fields unless the executive board of the
tinted Mine workers of America. meet
ing at Indianapolis Wednesday. s-&sot es
10 rescind she strike order.
In the face Of the statement by John
l.. Lewis, president of the miners taat
|it was too late NOW toeief sssssss4a
out. there was strong belief in Off
cial circles tonight that the strike
would at least be postponed. Tnis hope
of averting Industrial disaster was
based largely on the feeling that senti-
ment throughout the country was over
whelmingly for peace. regardless OF
how the people might view the report
ed grievances of the miners
,..>ry ro~rrrpr>r1,rsc TN n
MAN So4'' IAsi = ~
The fact that the miners themselves
had taken no strike vote auueo =
the hope in the minds OF oiIlcials that
the workers would be duiy impressed Dy
the Presidents strong warning, ana.
looking at ii in a new light. wiling te
negotiate a new wage agreement Win
out reservations There were many
conferences during IN DAY ahu much
attention was given cohtidehtlai re-
ports from government agents IN the
coal field territory bearing on the pos
sioiiity OF a large NUMBER OF the men
sticking to their JOBS. despite the order
to quit work Friday night.
Attorney General Palmer and Secre-
tary OF Labor Wilson talked over the
situation and outlined plan OF action
which win be presented to the cabinet
tomorrow. Members OF the CABINET,
while declining to discuss any phase
OF the impending strike, showed they
were grimly determined to stand out
for, the rights of the public, which
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-28
JAP PRIVY COUNCIL
APPROVES TREATY

By Associated Pres
Toxic. October 27.-The prjvy
council today approved the German
peace treaty.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
MAKE SfLO WALLS AIR TIGHT

be done on a warm day and the concrete must also be sufficiently warmed by arti- ficial heat so that the paraffin may be thoroughly rubbed in. One gallon will cover about 250 square feet of surface When this method is followed. a blow torch should be used to warm the walls
 as the paraffin is being applied. and also
 to thin and spread the layer of paratfin. Two buckets of paraffin should be used, one to be heating while the other is be- | ing applied The hot paraffin treatment is one of the most successful for water proofing surfaces exposed to weather, but it requires some experience to obtain successful results.
 ! The amount of paraffin required to coat
 silo may be determined in the follow ] ing manner:
 Multiply the height of the silo by it's
 circumference (the circumference is the diameter multiplied by 314l6), which gives
 the number of square feet of surface on | the inside of the silo. If the cold method i is to bel used, divide the result just ob- | tained by 200, which gives the number of
 gallons of the paraffin naphtha solution | required. Multiply this result by the
 amount of paraffin and naphtha in each | gallon to obtain the total materials re- ! quired.
 <, Where the hot method Is used, divide | the number of square feet of silo wall to
 be coated by 25o to find the required mum
 Der of gallons. Multiply this result by e1A
 to obtain the number of pounds of paraf- | fin required to coat silo IA feet in diam
 eter and 90 feet high: | Diameter GA feeO x31fl6 equals 4S 9S
 feet. the circumference of the silo. | Height (S0 feeD circumference (S& i feeD equals 1S194 square feet, the wall area.
 | Area d319.4 square feeD divided by &o
 square feet equals 5.27, or number of gal i Ions required Gallons required 6.2O
 x61h equals 34.25, the number of pounds
 of paraffin required.
 In both cases the cost may be estimated 1 from the local price of paraffin and
 naphtha It should be remembered, how
 ever, that these figures will vary with l local conditions.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
Headstones for Our Heroes

From LeSne s.
 Our soldier dead across the sea could not have been remembered more rever- ently on Decoration Day had they slept in their native land. Throughout France and the British Isles grateful hands decorated the graves of Ameri- can soldiers who gave their lives for freedom The first feeling was that our dead should be brought home. but many now feel it is supremely fitting that they should rest where they fell. As the Minneapolis Tribune we'll says. 'The grave of the American soldier or the French hillside or in the English valley or in Flanders fields or by the rivers of northesn Italy will constitute pledge of mutual good will more powerful than treaties of peace or leagues of nations" Nor will America forget her sons buried so far away Col William Boyce Thompson and his associates on the soldiers memorial committee are to be commended for taking up with Congress plan to mark with substantial monument the grave of every American soldier who died and was buried abroad. Already this Congress is taking steps to appro- priate $500,000 for the selection of proper site for a cemetery in Franc in which our American soldier dea can be inferred. It would be proper ts add to this appropriation a sufficer amount to provide for erection of head stones for each grave. following th ex-n n,ple of the nation in adopting uniform style of headstone in our na tlonal cemeteries.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
:s.155 AGE-HERALDS FARM PAGES :22s. .s.:.:
Stem-End Rot in Melons

The Alabama experiment station through c. L. Peltier, plant pathologist. has been cooperating with the United States bureau of plant industry in an eff fort to check the various diseases talk ing an enormous toll from the water melon crop each year. Among these may be mentioned anthracnose. blosSom-eud rot, wilt disease and stem-eud rot which, it is said. destroy from to 9 per cent of the annual product
 Stem-end rot, which last year caused losses by the carload, Is being controlled this year by enforcing the regulations re- quiring the recutting of stems at loading point and treating them with blue stone paste. While no legislation has been enacted on this subject in Alabama, the railroads are exerting a controlling in- fluence by requiring the prepayment of freight on any melons which have not been treated for stem-end rot. Farm dem onstration agents in southeast Alabama have been active in aiding growers to properly prepare their melons for ship ment Dr. Peltier reports buyers at ship ping points this year paying from s50o to s520 per car for melons treated. amounting to premium of from 20 to D per cent over untreated melons.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
Bushel Measure Best

Many growers. particularly in the terri tory where field seeds and crops are sold commonly by the sack ask why the United States department of agriculture estimates crop production by bushel meas ure instead of by sack or hundred weight The reason is that 9o0oO.0OO people in 70 states of the union think talk and meas ure by bushels, the bushel being the standard unit of measure throughout this area. The bushel measure is definite and Congress and the states have stabil- ized it and specified the number of pounds of different commodities legally constituting a bushel. The census fig ures of crop production have all been re- duced to bushels for all commodities for which legal weights have been used and doubtless will be used until a different unit of measure has been adopted.
 A sack-the unit of measure in some sections-is not definite and cannot be made so, except by legal enactment, standardizing the volume and then, in turn, standardizing the weight per vol ume for the different commodities. Oranges and apples are thought about and talked about in boxes, dried fruits in pounds or tons, and it is doubtful if custom will permit of a material change. In handling green fruits in large quanti- ties the ton is the most practical unit of measure, but for small quantities the lug box is in general use. As the lug box varies in size from 30 to 40 and 50 to 60 pounds. there is more or less confusion unless market quotations are made on the basis of lug boxes of specified sizes.
 The cental or hundredweight appears to be the most practical unit of measure and is coming into general use in the purchase and sale of grains and vege- tables. If the bulk handling of grain be- comes general. as now seems likely, the sack will disappear, and the cental or bushel will take it's place.
 The following weights, per bushel are used by the United States department of agriculture in all estimates of crop pro duction:
 Apples, 4S pounds; beans (dried) 60 pounds: clover seed 60 pounds; corn (shelled), 56 pounds; corn on cob, 70 pounds oats 32 pounds; peaches, 4S pounds; pears 4S pounds; rye. 56 pounds; tomatoes, 56 pounds; grain sorphum, 56 pounds; onions. 57 pounds; peanuts, 9 pounds; potatoes, 60 pounds; sweet pota- toes, 56 pounds; timothy seed, 45 pounds; wheat, 50 pounds.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
New Publications

The following publications were issued by the United States department of az riculture during the week ended August l. "The Relation of the Shrinkage and Strength Properties of Wood to Its Spe- cific Gravity" professional paper. Depart ment Bulletin 676
 "A Study of Compsilura Coucinnata- an Imported Tacihnid Parasite of the Gypsy Moth and the Brown-Tan Moth. profess sional paper. Department Bulletin 766.
 '"The Rice Moth' professional paper. Department Bulletin 7SS.
 Commercial Comb Honey Production. Farmers Bulletin 1oS9. "Suggestions for the Marketing of Cot tage Cheese" Departmental Circular 1. "Out- -or-Door Fairgrounds of the San Isabel National Forest" Department Cir cular B.
 Improved Apparatus for Detecting Sulphured Grain" s. R. A.-Markets 55
 Copies of these publications may be ob- tained on application to the Division oi Publications, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, D. c.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
Make the Young Partners

Dr. William Byron Forbush. the we'll
 known chautauqua writer and lecturer,
 believes that far mboys and girls should
 be made financial partners in the house
 hold. He says the great war has taught
 the young people to save and give, and
 that these lessons can easily be made
 the starting point of money educa-
 tion.
 The hobby of this thrift specialist is
 systematic thrift. He advises regular
 allowance handled by the young people
 themselves through budgets and accounts.
 Above all there must be fair play with these young partners in the business of financing the family. Children have an instinct for fair play. The letter below
 written by one of these boy partners reveal shis business-like grasp of the point:
 "In the beginning of the War Savings campaign l decided that I would save all could and buy stamps. My mother was shipping cream. I got up the cows at night, got the feed ready and helped milk. For this received my share of the cream money. and as butter fat went up as high as "A cents at one time, this amounted to a goodly sum. I hauled water during threshing and harvest time and was paid for it. I helped with the dishes and carried coal for a neighbor, and by January l. 1919, to my surprise I had $10O worth of War Savings Stamps. When cash these at maturity the money will be added to my savings account The writer of this letter is a coming Illinois farmer. He is one of thousands of American young people who began their financial education during the war. His family treated him fairly. When cream advanced his share advanced. The continued systematic education of these young people is in the hands of the moth CTS and fathers of the nation. Who can doubt that such an education will de- velop citizens devoted to sober economy and fair play?
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
WE DOMINATE THE WORLD

, rent breeders, live stock officials and ex- tension workers, soliciting their com
 ments before the campaign is definitely launched. Briefly, the plan includes rec ognition for the owners of pure-bred sires
 of the main classes of live stock name 1y, cattle, horses. swine, sheep, goats and
 poultry. The recognition vii ltake the form of a printed emblem bearing the breeders name, and which he may dis play We feel that this plan will con- siderably hasten live stock improvement in the United States and discourage the use of inferior sires Inferior sires' in clude inferior pure-breds as well as the scrubs In a few months the campaign is expected to take definite form
 OTHER HEEP FOR SWINE MEN Other principal policies of the bureau
 of animal industry relating to swine are as follows;
 Improvement in quality and uniformity through the use of good, pure-bred breed ing stock, especially sires. Encouragement of swine shows and ex-
 hibits. swine judging. pig club work, community breeding and similar activi ties.
 Proper supervision of feeder and stock CT hogs redistributed from market centers | for additional feeding.
  ture and distribution in interstate eom- merce of anti-hog cholera serum and virus to insure the purity and potency
 of those products.
 | Immunization of valuable swine, espe- cially breeding stock. against hog choi- | era. Immunization of market hogs at an | age depending on local conditions; also ! the immunizat ton of swine introduced ! into herd where all the animals have not been vaccinated.
 | Suppression of tuberculosis in hogs by eradicating that disease from cattle
 which the hogs follow, and also from
 dairy cows whose milk is fed to hogs | as skim milk, whey or in other forms. l Control of internal and yexternal para sites on hogs through use of sanitary
 precautions, suitable disinfectants and | general care. 1 Sanitary housing and careful studies oi | feeding for the purpose of making gains conducive to producing pork at a low
 net cost.
 | Improved methods of slaughtering hogs and curing pork for home use. | Research in animal genetics as a basis
 for practical breeding. | Narrowing of fall pigs in northern states not later than October l. Raising two filters of pigs year from matured sows in southern states, and also in northern states under faYoraole | conditions of care and housing. Continuous feeding and breeding experi- n1ents, accompanied by prompt announce ment and publication of noteworthy re- ! suits.
 Compilation of statistics and meat ln- spection data governing number, weight 1 dressed percentage and other usefui lh- I formation regarding pork production ana l consumption.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
Repair Pasture Fences

Advantage should be taken of the hrst lull in farm work to inspect and repair pasture fences A little time spent from time to time throughout the season in re- pla cling weak posts. tightening or splicing of wire, and driving an occasional staple may save much trouble later wien the pasture becomes short and the cattle are tempted by crops in nearby fields. A strong fence discourages cattle from attempting to break out, while few successful attempts may make regular fence breakers Of them. If plenty of water and salt are provided and fences are kept in repair, usually little trouble will be experienced unless the pasture becomes very short and the cattle are lured by other fields.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14

With the silo-filling season approaching, careful examination of silos, followed by necessary repairs, will help to im- prove the keeping quality of the con- tents according to studies of the United States department of agriculture, air-tight walls are the chief requirement.; in fact. a leak no larger than q small nail hole may spoil several hundred pounds of sil- age. In the case of wood-stave silos the hoops and braces should receive attention to insure close fitting.
 Silos made of concrete. brick or other material of porous or semi-porous nature, are benefited by an inside coating of a preparation which seals the pores and also prevents the action of silage juices on the walls.
 The coating most commonly used hitherto is coal tar thinned with gasoline and applied with a paint brush. A num- Der of materials of like nature have been considered for this work, but the one showing the most promise is paraffin.
 HOW TO APPLY PARAFFIN
 Pariffin may be applied either cold or hot to silo walls. With the cold method the pariffin is dissolved in volatile car rier like naphtha until saturated solu- ton is obtained. Four pounds of paraffin dissolved in one half gallon of gasoline or naphtha will make one gallon of this solution. The solution is then ap- piled much like paint to the surface of the concrete. which it penetrates accord ing to dryness and porosity. One gallon has covering capacity of about 200 square feet.
 The naphtha soon evaporates, leaving the paraffin in the holes When applying the paraffn by this method, special care must be taken that there is good ventilation in the silo and that there are no lights or fires nearby. Naphtha is very infiam- mable, and a serious explosion or fire may result from careless use.
 WALLS MUST BE WARM
 Paraffin may also be applied in melted form. It requires six and one-half pounds of paraffin to make one gallon or tns hot paraffin solution The work should
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
Some Hogs

One hundred and eighty-eight hogs were sold at the hog sale at Union Springs this week at a price of $2o 70 per hundred weight for No. 1 hogs. This is the high est price for hogs at the pen that has ever been received in this county. One farmer brought in two hogs which weighed 7S5 pounds together. netting him $16239.
 agent of Bullock county, reports that some farmers would rather raise hogs at the present price than cotton at any price. It is generally true in the county that the farmers who have turned their attention during the past year or two largely to hog raising are in much better financial circumstances than those who have looked to other phases of farm activities tor their income
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
Source of Our Strength

''All responsibility for the success of the agricultural extension service does not rest on some one at Washington or at the state agricultural college. Every man in this service is as important as any other man. The county agent is just as vital as the director of extension or the Secretary of Agriculture The county agent who looks to Washington or to his state college for entire direction is doomed to make failure.
 There is growing reliance of many elements upon the government for aid and direction. There is also an increasing disposition of certain clements to use the government for selfish ends The latter tendency excites resistance, and there fore may not be a source of danger. but the former tendency grows more and more and the ultimate consequence Of it is bound to be loss of local and personal self-reliance, as the nation is great only to the extent that it's people are great The nation does not confer greatness; the people confer greatness upon the gov ernment. If the people cease to rely upon themselves and depend upon the government for direction and for aid the nation itself will fail because the foun- tain of its greatness will dry up."-Clar- ence Ousley, Assistant Secretary of Agri- culture.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
How We Lead in Swine

Of cattle the world contains probably AIS, 900 900 head, of which the United States has about one-seventh.
 Of sheep the world contains approxi- niately 50o,0oe,000 head. of which this country has about one-tenth.
 Of swine the world contains in the neighbour ood of ls0, ,0O0 0o0 head. of which the United States contains considerably more than one-third.
 In other words, swine are less numer- ous than either sheep or cattle in the world at large but are moro numerous than either in the United States.
 Or the same classes may be considered in this way:
 Tn cattle the United States is second to India, with three other countries, Russia, Brazil and Argentina. following.
 In sheep the United States is second to Australia, with Argentina, Russia and New Zealand, the principal sheep raising competitors.
 In swine the United States is easily first, and this year has more hogs than her 10 nearest competitors all combined. The closest of these are Brazil Germany and Russia.
 So the greater abundance of swine IS perhaps the most noteworthy difference between the meat resources of the United States and most other countries.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14
Syrup From Watermelons

Syrup to take the place of sorghum has been successfully made from imperfect watermelons in many communities under the direction of the home demonstration agents of the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., and the state agricui- tural colleges. In Dunkin county, Mis- souri, recipes to make it were given to each member of the farm bureau, to the teachers in the schools and were put on window posters.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14

The electrical worker is often called upon to determine whether the current at an outlet is alternating or direct
 and whether the voltage is 110 or go. To indicate quickly and easily what kind of current is present, a deter minator'' has been developed To op- crate the instrument it's two plugs
 which are of the knife blade type and constructed to render short circuts ar shock impossible are placed in contact with the wires or terminals and a button at the bottom of the retermin- ator is pressed. Then. should the cur rent be direct, the letters ID c ap- pear within one of the circles at the top of the device. while if the alter hating current is present "A C. shows up ir the other circle. The brilliancy , of the lights back of the letters indi- cate whether the voltage is no or 2s0.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-08-14

During the war the Japanese zinc in- dustry was very prosperous and large profits were made on ore which was inn ported from Australia and the French Indies. The signing of the armistice, however, has dealt hard blow to this industry. and it is reported that it costs s200 ton to produce Japanese zinc, while the market price is only s1s77 a ton. It is expected that this will result in a request for subsidies and import protec- ton, since the deposits of Japanese ore are of such inferior quality that compe- tition with imported ore cannot be met successfully.