davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25

on April II. 1913, was signed at
Utrecht in Holland a treaty of peace
which closed war that had been
raging for twelve years--the War OF
he Spanish Succession: known on
IRIS side Of the water as Queen
.Anne'S war The question at issue
was who should be king of Spain.
Leopold OF Austria, emperor Of Ger
many. claimed It for his grandson.
France had become a mighty power
and the nations viewed with alarm
Bourbon prince who might become
king of France on the throne of Spain.
At once was formed the Grand ALI
ance" of England, Holland, Austria
and Germany, and, later, Portugal
Frances allies were Bavaria and the
t,uchies of ModenR and Savoy. Spain
sided with France but lacked money
and men. This war brought out the
Splendid military genius of MARI
borough and the scarcely less remark
able genius OF Prince Eugene Of
Savoy: and the Victories OF Blenheim.
Families, OudenArde and Malpiaauet
humbled the pride and broke the pow
err of France.
Colonies Bore 1FunS Of War. ,
In this country the northern and
southern colonies bore the brunt OF
the war. The CarOnnas, then one
colony extending 10 Spanish Florida,
sent force which sCaptared st. Au-
justine but retired upon the arrival
Of a French army. Further west q
Carolina expedition fought Its way re
the Gulf of MEXICO The French and
Spanish fleets attacked CharleStan,
hut we're driven OF. In MaSsAchhl
sets, Haverhlll and Deerield wefeS
burned by forces of French and In.
dians and in the heart of the state
the people were kept in terror for
years by prowliAg bands who burned
and killed. A New England force.
sided by an English feet, captured
Port Royal In Nova Scotia and u
colonial army invaded Canada only to
retreat.
In Europe the allies had invaded
France and the English had taken
Gibraltar The emperor. Leopold, and
his eldest son were both dead and the
German claimant for the Spanish
throne had become German emperor.
England, only anxious for the bal
ance at power. now saw greater
menace IN Germany than In France. 4
A French priest. who had been llv-
ing in England. went TO France and
asked one Of the kings ministers:
gpe you wNAt peace? have come to
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25

reign. During the captivity OF frau
els there Ind been cessation OF nos.
tllities; but no sooner did FRAMES
feel himself once more seated on ms
throne than he began to organize l'r
renewal OF the war
After waiting three months Charles
sent emissarIes to Francis, demanding
the fulfillment Of the treaty OF Maorlu'
The king said he would have 10 eon'
suit the Burgundians. The Burgun-
dams refused to be handed over.
F'rancis wound pay an indemnity TOT
6urgundy and Keep the rest Oh tne
Greatly, including the relinquishmenr CT
all his italian possessions.
Francis Set His Army In Notion
The king Of France swore that il
the treaty WIS not kept he would re-
turn and deliver himself mp. LET nlm
keep his oath" said Charles, AIDING
sonic other remarks about conduct un-
becoming neuh Of honor, which were
reported back TO Francis. Francis SET
his army in motion on August 8, ana
the war between him and the emperor
began again after truce Oh nTteeh
months. to last three years longer
Angered at The charge of bad talth
made by Charles, Francis sent ner-
aid to the emperor with cartel WRIT
ten In his own hand. saying: you
have lied in your throat in saying
that we have done anything unworthy
of a gentleman of honor. Appoint a
time and place of meeting and we VIII
bring our sword for you to cross"
When Charles received this cnai-
lenge he consulted the gran(lees Of his
kingdom. The duke Of Infartado gave
the opinion that, whatever might be
the popular opinion, kings were bound
by the laws of honor as other people.
However. lie did not think the fulflil'
ment of a treaty was a fit subject 10
be decided by duel. Charles. never
tbeIess, sent his herald to Francis, &C.
centing the challenge and appointing
q time and place for the meeting. lie
also gave the herald long Wrlttel'
argument on the treaty of Madrid, and
treaties in general, with which he was
to preface The acceptance of the chal-
lenge.
When the herald began to read
Francis stopped him with: Il will
hear nothing but the time and place
Does he accept?"
Permit me to do my Office" said
the herald.
NAY" cried the king; lyon shall
not speak before giving me the time
and place"
"sre, then give me my safe conduct
home" said the herald.
LET him have it" cried the king
and so there was no duel.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25

offer you the means Of treating fOl
It :" which, said the minister, ''waf
like asking man suffering from
long and dangerous disease if hb
wanted to be cured" Secret negOtiS-
tons were begun and in January Of
1918 a general conference was OpenFd
al Utrecht. England and France
came quickly to terms. In America
England was given Newfoundland and
Nova Scotia, HudSon's bay "and it's
shores" and the territory Of the
Five Nations in New York. But ne go
ttations between the other powers be-
came acrimonious and dragged along.
The envoy Of the German emperor be-
came so insulting that he was forbid
den to come more 20 the conference.
The conduct OF the Dutch had pleased
neither England nor France and the
Dutch delegates were mercile Ssly
snubbed. Gentlemen" said one OF
the French ENJOYS, eve come to treat
Ct peace among You, for you--and
without you"
Truce Between French and English.
There was a truce between the
French and the English but fighting
went on between the Germans and the
French. Germany began to split up,
Prussia being the first to desert the
emperor. The spring of 1T13 had now
come and England fixed the month Of
Api1l as the very latest date at which
peace must be signed. On the elev-
snth. Of that month peace was
signed between Prussia, England,
FRANCE. Holland, Savoy and Portugal.
sThe duke Of Savoy and TIL elector
,et Prussia were recognized las kings
END Sicily (Iater changed for Sar-
stfintsl, assigned to the former. Louis
recovered Lille and other Towns in
northern France and KEEP louisiana.
England retained Gibraltar nd Minor.
ca but Austria, with sue 4 German
states as adhered to her, cid off I'M
I'll the next year. when size came IN
and accepted the treaty with some
notifications which gave her the
Spanish Netherlands. Holland got
nothing and her influence and impor.
tance in Europe was ended.
The treaty of Utrecht 'closed the
series of universal wars for the bal.
ence OF power" says bancroft. To
Americans the thing Of leepest inter-
est about the war it ended is the fact
that struggle to decide whether
Bourbon or Hapsburg should be
king OF Spain drenched the soil of
Massachusetts, with blood and brought
Charleston under the fire of hostile
feet.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25

The fnmms Peace Of Cnmbral'
known MS The Ladies' Peace" because
negotiated by two women, was signed
in 1929 at a town famous In the an
rails OF the recent war, ana put an
end 10 another "world war" which,
with an intermisslon OF 10 months,
had been ravaginG Europe for eight
years and involved all the principal
nations OF ChrlstendOm. BY the emu
Of 1928 IL was felt rlat Europe was
cxhausting Itself 10 indecisive war
fare. The French army IN the Sing-
dom Of Naples vas wasting itself Ia
hconc.usite engagements. The vas'
umpire OF Charles v felt the strain
II the prolonged conflict and only The
old and silver which were beginning
o huw In from America saved 1t from
hancial collapse. on all SIDES there
as desire. for peace.
In June Of 1929 peace was cOnclud-
d between the pope and the emperor
( Barcelona and II was suggested
lat delegates be appointed 10 try and
ring about II peace between the two
pat heads of the war, the emperor
I'd the king of France. King Fran
s appointed his mother, Louise OF
ayoy, and the emperor appointed his
unit, Margaret Of Austria. Ii will ne
zen that the recent appointment OF
woman as Hungarian ambassador
Switzerland was not Without prece-
snt.
Experiences in Political Affairs.
The two women to whom were now
trusted the destinIes of the civilized
orld were nor without experience IN
olitIcul affairs. Louise having twice
cen regent 1T France and Margaret
aving been regent of the Low Coun-
les for her nephew. They vera
9th about fifty years old. Louise.
no had been a great beauty IN her
outh, still refined a portion OF her
0od looks. In character they were
he very opposite of each other.
ouise was notorious for her amours,
cree. passionate. unprincipled and
rilliant. Margaret was gentle. retir-,
le. with character above reproach
nd q clear, strong intellect.
II might have been expected that
ne meeting Of two such strong and
ct opposite characters. especially OF
ne feminine gender, would have been
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25
Treaty Than the Observance


The treaty between the Emperor
Charles Y and Francis ] Of France Is
an example Of treaty which was
longer in its making than ii was In
its observance. 1t Is cited by all
writers on international law and com
mentators on peace treaties In their
arguments as to the binding force of a
treaty signed under duress-though.
as matter of fact, every treaty
signed by defeated nation may be
sold re be signed under compulsion.
II Is also worthy Of note that after the
peace conference had lasted SIX
months the treaty lad been signed
and the nigh contracting parties TO il
had taken their solemn oaghs 70 OBJ
serve is, the emperor and the king
challenged each other to duel over
it.
In February, 1925. the armies or
France were defeated at pavia Dy
the armies of Charles V. emperor Of
Germany and king of Spain. The
French king was taken prisoner and
sem from the stricken field his cele-
hrated message: "AIl is lost save hon
or" Francis was taken 10 Spain and
moved about from one strong castle
to another. the emperor refusing TO
see him except once when. Francis
failing i'll. Charles went to him and
was greeted by the French king with
the remark: $50 you have come to
see your prisoner die"
Opening Of Negotiations.
As early as July 20, however, uego-
tiations were opened at Toledo he
tween the ambassadors OF Francis
for he was still King of France and
had his ambassadors-and the EN-
Deror and his advisers. The terms
proposed BY the imperial delegates
were harsh in the extreme and
amounted TO virtual Unemployment
Of France. Henry VIII sent delegates,
being anxious to form an alliance
with the emperor and share in the
spbils. But the English people, for
o..ce, firmly opposed Henry's policy.
sd he switched around to the French
side and signed treaty with the re-
gent, Louise of Savoy, for which that
sstute woman paid Henry 2.O0O,NDO
browns and gave the negotiatOr, Cardi-
nal Wolsey, pension of 100000
erOwns-a crown at that time being
worth $1.12.
The emperor gradually abated his
terms and on January II, 1926. the
treaty WIS signed at Madrid BY it
Charles was to have Burgundy and, It's
dependencies. Francis was restored to
liberty, leaving his TWO sons as host
ages for the :ult1Ilment of the condi-
lions oc the treaty. and peace was to
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25
It's All the Same.

One day in a small camp III France
I CHANGED upon negro who was load
ing freight car with Red Cross ma
terlal. This young fellow was work
ing in a lazy fashion and | told him
that he was not very ambitious
Man" he said. "tbere is no use hay
ing ambition in this mans army; I'm
Gle Sam gives ne the same dollar il
rs got ambition or if amt got aInSt-
ton" Chicago Tribune.
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25
Girl Swallows Coin.

Pine Bluff, Ark.-Nellie HogRsil
teen, of Lincoln county, WIZ
to balance a half-dOllal' opf
recently, swallowed the cans
result that treatment ina Eavs.I
hospital was necesSaryyto rep9s
coin.- The operation was
and the girl returned to hsF !
pletely recovered ana
Mls&t .,as...,.s,sesss..a.s....;.tslllA -
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25
FAMOUS
PEACE TREATIES
TREATY OF UTRECHT, 1918.
By H. IRVING King

tccpyrlsht ies by the Mcclure News paper syn
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25
FAMOUS
PEACE. TREATIES
Nv II IRVING KING
TREATY BETWEEN EMPEROR CHARLES v AND FRANCS
BY H. IRVING KING

GspynsS7 s. sndleafsJ
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25
FAMOUS
PEACE TREATIES
THE HOLY ALLIANCE, 1915.
BY III. IRVING KING
Copyright, 1919, by the Mcclure News paper SyI

Alliance the Plan of Which
Was Most Altruistc Lines
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25

The End Of Spanish AIMEE
n
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25
obiect in Formlnq Leaaue.

In it these three sovereigns solemnly
declared that they had mo other OBJ
iect in forming the league except 10
publish to the whole world the fact
that in the administration of their re-
spective governments, as we'll as in
their relations with foreign states"
they would take for their sole guidance
the precepts of the Christian religion,
namely, justice, charity and peace. By
its terms the signatory nations were to
keep peace with each other and gen
The Lee County journal. (Leesburg, Ga.) 1904-19??, 1919-04-25

While the "proSaic destinies of Eu-
rope" were being settled at the Con-
gress Of Vienna amid conflicting inter-
ests in 1S14-15-while, in short, the
peace delegates of the European ma
ti0nS were endeaVOring to straighten
matters out after the Napoleonic wars,
inst as the delegates at the DUAL
d'Orsay are now assembled to straight
en- matters out as a conclusion to the
recent war. an -fdealist in the person
of Emperor Alexander of Russia was
preparing an alliance the plan of
which was conceived on the most al
IrulStlc lines and which, he fondly
hoped. would bring eternal peace TO
the world. 1t was not only to be q
league TO enforce peace between the
nations, but was to lay down certain
principles which. should insure peace,
aid prosperity within the borders of
the nations. This was the Holy Al
lance.
Emperor Alexander at that time was
under the influence OF mystic. 1t
seems that there was an occult party"
about the Russian throne then, just as
there was in the, recent days of the
late Emperor Nicholas. Emperor Alex
amber declared that there should be an
alliance of nations founded upon high
er principles than those which had
heretofore guided the councils of
princes and labOEed assiduously to OBJ
tain converts to his plan. BY procla-
nation issued at, st. Petersburg dated
ION the day Of the birth Of our Savior,
25, December, 1857 the car ordered
read in all the churches convention
concluded at Parts on the 25th of Sep
TENDER, 1915, between the emperors Of
Russia and Austria and the king of
Prussia"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15

west knows full well that its factors were
not angels, and violated many of the laws
Of God and man. They lived hard, were
probably very dirty and set bad exam
pie for the Indians to follow. But there
dwelt in the souls of most of them the
spirit of adventure, and in the souls of
some of them the desire to acquire knowl-
edge of remote lands and to take posses
sion Of those lands for the honor and
glory of their country.
This aspect Of the men of the North
West Company and. their great rival the
KY Company is no concern of Mr.. Da-
Wilson's. What he set out to do was to
assemble all the known facts about tie
North West Company, and he barely sug-
gests the other aspect of its work in. foot
notes. In fact, he states in the preface,
"a complete history of the North West
Company is lacking. -. The final
word will not be said until the business
papers Of the company como to light, pro-
viding they are still in existence"
According to the German model Mr..
Davidson has done 3 thoroughly efficient
piece Of work here; but we sincerely hope
that this model will cease to hypnotic
our writers of history and that in the fu
ture they will return to the school that
could clothe the skeleton with. the attrac-
tive and essential flesh and sinew of true
romance.
THE NORTH WEST COMPANY. BY Coz
DON CHARLES DAVIDSON. University Of
California Press.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15
Knocking Romance
Out-of History

NNE of the minor curses of Ger
" manic scholarship is the fashion
her pundits set up of taking the romance
out of history. Lacking in originality,
German writers took to absorbing what
others had written and, becoming so many
Mr.. Gradgrinds, merely assembled facts
in their books, leaving all the graces of
the romantic aspect of history to Gun
scientific" writers.
In the adulation Of German methods of
scholarship that swept ever this country,
particularly in our universities and col
leses for two decades before the outbreak
of the war, this new manner Of writing
history became fairly deep seated, and
most doctorial theses written within that
period show the faint.
A case in point is Gordon Charles Da-
wilson's The North West Company, In
which the author has written a history of
the second most famous fur company Of
North America from which all the TO
nance has been carefully extracted. The
result is a dull record of the commercial
career of the company, with some slight
attention paid to its political side.
Everybody who has read ever so little
of the doings of this famous fur trading
company in Canada and our own North
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15
MzZZZ,ZzZ1Z1Z,ZzZ7ZZXL

States Army ii preparing for the advance
against the German Army. The grand
total of cases Investigated by the league
was 4Ss, $50.
There are successive chapters on the
new espionage law and how the work of
the league was conducted under it; on
German propaganda and how it was
fought; on German spy cases; on the
Stacker raids; and some tales Of how
the operatives worked. The second part
of the book takes up in turn The Tales Of
the Cities, there being fourteen chapters
under this head with final one devoted
to the work in California as a whole, = .
The third part of the text is a general
summary of the work in the four geo
graphical divisions of the country, the
text ending with a summary called The
Reckoning and discussion Of our place
at The Peace Table. Some of Mr.. Hough's
text is a familiar tale, owing to the Grim
inal prosecutions Of German agents in this
country. But for the most part it is a
striking revelation of Americas homo
geneity when called upon to sacrifice time,
money and personal effort. This is
story that the men who made it possible
may well be proud of.
THE WEB. BY EMERSON HoUGH. Reilly &
Lee Company. 81.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15
Continued from Preceding Pdge.)

appreciate the keen zest of the col
lector and the b0undless satisfaction
to be found in, securing rare speci-
mems.
The book Of the year which 1 have
read with deepest interest and appre-
citation is Forel's Ants and Other In
sectS. 1t would have been utterly i'm
possible for me to varnish eyes, cut
off mandibles and clip autenne and
wings as did this investigator and his
fellow scientists, but l was intensely
pleased when this eminent gentleman
announced that he had discovered the
following traits of character in ants (:
"choler, fear, jealousy, love, hate,
anger and greed"
My satisfaction lay in the fact that
if these traits have been definitely dis
covered in such a low form Of evolu-
ton as insects then the time certainly
has arrived when / may begin to tell
without fear Of question the things
which q lifetime of closest personal
intimacy has taught me concerning
my birds-a very much higher form
of evolution, having nice spines
topped by neat little skulls contain
ing wonderful brain convolutions and
equipped with ears and almost
miraculous eyes.
Among the novels of the year far
and away the best I have read from
any and every standpoint by which I
judge book Of fiction stands Johan
Bojer's The Great Hunger. I envy
the author of this book with bitterest
envy because he has the power relent-
lessly TO hew to the line he lays down
for himself. have planned half a
dozen books as great as his and in
executing them ruined them by
romancing, sentimentaizing and pref
tifying. / could not have killed the
fair young girl. l could not have lost
the father-in-law s fortune. l could
not have let the dog rend the little
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15
SARAH cons1ock AurnoR OF Tie VAL
Protective League History
X.Z,Z-Z1ZrZrWrZ.WW1WA

TN The Web Emerson Hough tells the
l story of the work of the American
Protective League, that organization
Of 25O,0O0 American business men who
during the war aided the Department Of
Justice by acting as detectives and in
vestigators of cases involving sedition and
many other forms Of obstruction to the
winning of the war. 80
Mr.. Hough begins his narrative by pic
turing the easygoing, unsuspicious atti-
tude Of Americans toward foreigners be-
fore the war, and showing how, early in
1917; little group of men in Chicago
came to the aid of the Department Of
Justice agent by lending that official their
motor cars with drivers to help him speed
up his investigations of neutrality cases.
A. M. Briggs of Chicago is credited-Eith
the origin of the scheme that eventually
grew into the American Protective League,
with headquarters in Washington and
branches in every State in the Union.
In the chapter entitled "The Web" are
described the multifarious activities of
these anonymous workers in the cause OF
patriotism, and "The League in Washing
tom gives details of the very large num-
Der of cases handled by the league for
the Military Intelligence Division of the
War Department. These cases grew in
number from S19 in May, 1918, to 1904
in October of the same year, the investi-
cation including applicants for overseas
service in the various accredited welfare
organizations; applicants for commissions
and employment in various branches of
the army, ranging from the Quartermas-
ter Corps to the Air Service and chap
lains; counter espionage matters, German
propaganda, deserters, slackers and vari-
Gus miscellaneous cases, all done at the
direct request of the Military Intelligence
Division.
The number of Investigations for char
acter ran up to 25,5l5 for the entire coun-
try. Miscellaneous Investigations alone
totalled 1852 for the country at large.
In connection with the operation Of the
selective service law they totalled 49,, 349.
And 5000 members Of the league assisted
at the first registration under this law.
The league collected large number of
photographs, drawings and descriptions
of bridges, buildings and towns occupied
by the German forces in France, Belgium
and Luxembourg that were of great value
to the Intelligence Division Of the United
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-15
"My Best Books of the Year"

child; but l could have gone in the
night and planted the rye.
Because 1 know in my soul l could
not have done these things 1 SO
thoroughly appreciate the strength of
the writer who could.
BY Edgar Lee Masters.
THE books that have interested me
Il most during the last twelve
month are Theodore Dreiser's Ticelre
Men and the poems of Adelaide Crap
sey.
Theodore Dreiser's book is very
significant and is a valuable contri-
button to American literature in view
of its wealth of material and its faith
full portrayal of American life under
metropolitan and rural environment.
Adelaide Crapsey's poems are the
crystal core Of poetic mineral and
more nearly approach the intensity of
Emily Dickinson than anything that
has been produced.
ED, Note: Verse, by Adelaide
Crapsey (1s7S-1914) was published
in 1915 by the Manas Press ST.
BY Cass Gilbert.
ID sPLYING to your inquiry, the
IN two books which l have read in
the last twelve months which have in
terested me most are The -Four Horse
men of the Apocalypse by Ibanez and
The Rough Rood by Locke, particu-
larly the former.
BY Mary Johnston.
A MONG the books that in the past
L \ year have given me most pleas.
ure I would put:
Of new books, Lafcadio Hearn's
Interpretations of Literature, Alger-
non Blackwood's The Promise of
Air, and The Candle of Vision, by
"a. E."
Of old, reread books, Faust and
Walt Whitman.