davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
FRENCH CLASS OPENS

A class in beginning French will
be opened Friday evening at the high
school by VALERIE de Graeve, who was
born in Belgium, educated in a
French college, and has been in
America seventeen years.
Mr.. de Graeve will follow system
of teaching he used at the Preside
army post, without books for the
first few weeks. Anyone who wants
to learn French is welcome to go and
help make up the class.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
COURT HOUSE NEWS

Sam Desetis was fined $25 and
costs and given ten day sentence
suspended, for the privilege Of beat
ing up his wife. Reckoning was
made in Judge Goods court early
last week.
Judge Cowen spent Monday, open
ing day of the district court term
arranging cases according to calen-
dar. ..
Marriage Licenses
Verge Manning and Olive jerks.
William M. Houdyshell and Hepsa-
beth Rogers I
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
ENTERTAINED AT 800"

The Misses Burggraf, Wiser,
Mulvaney and thurman very delight
fully entertained at seven tables Of
800" at the Burggraf home Satur-
day evening. lavender and white
decorations We're used.
Mrs. w. D. Vincent won the prize
for high score.
Very delicious refreshments were
served at the close of the enjoyable
evening.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
NOTICE

l, ]. D. Murphy hereby give notice
that I have had no legal relations
with Mrs. Josephine Murphy for the
past year, divorce having been
granted at that time.
Signed ]. D. MURPHY,
adv. 44-2 Blackfoot, Idaho.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
STATE CLUB LEADER
HERE FOR FRIDAY

w. T. Mccall, state club leader
and Miss Fay Fowler, assistant, will
be in Blackfoot Friday to hold edu-
cational meetings for precinct lead
ers in the boys and girls club work.
A program was announced two weeks
ago and will be followed Friday.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
PROGRAM PLEASED

The musical and literary program
rendered Friday evening at the first
ward by the little tots of that ward,
was greeted by full house at pre-
Torrance time and everyone was de-
lighted with the entire affair.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

SATURDAY NIGHT FROM MY
ranch two miles west of town, !
bay mare, 6 years old, weight 1900
branded left thigh with dot in
circle under bar; sorrel mare,
S years old, weight 1900, shod on
front feet, hind feet white. Rea-
sonable reward for notification to
G. w. Arbogast, Blackfoot. 44a-tf.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
WOOL POOL SOLD

BY pooling together Bingham
county farmers were able to sell their
wool at SO cents a pound, as good a
price as large producers and buyers
could get.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
WOMEN TO ORGANIZE

Mrs. A. J. SnyderS. of Springfield
is committee executive in a plan to
organize the women of Bingham
county on farm bureau lines, and
girls clubs, for study Of household
work and poultry.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE
acre ranch and general store in
connection. An ideal stock ranch.
Store is on ranch at Lemhi sta
ton. The place for a townsite.
Al water right Best proposition
in Lemhi county. Address all in
uuiries to L. T. Ramsey, Lemhi.
Idaho.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
WHERE IS THE LADY

An inquiry comes to this office
from Kansas City, Kan, for the ad-
dress or information regarding the
whereabouts of an old resident. of
Blackfoot by the name of Emily
Mitchells, Waters or M. DeMay. It
is thought she resided here about
thirty years ago. Phone information
to phone 45W. tt.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
BASE BALL OPENS Up
HERE NEXT SUNDAY

\ Manager w. B. Goodenough an
nounces that the Blackfoot ball
team will battle next Sunday with
Pocatello's best, but as yet he has
not definitely placed the players on
our team. Line up will be published
Fridays paper. The game will
be at the Blackfoot fair grounds.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

FOUR ACRES IN CITY LIMITS,
water right, all improvements, five
minutes from post Office, a bar
gain. Michael Doerer, Blackfoot.
ATT.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

MODERN BRICK HOUSE, TEN
rooms, 2 baths, 8 lots all in fruit,
Corner Bridge and Spruce St. Ad-
dress Bessie F. Badger, 345 Har-
rison Ave, Twin Falls, Idaho.
adv.44-8mf
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
FOR RENT

TWO HUNDRED EIGHTY SHARES
of stock in the Peoples Irrigating
Canal Co., or any part thereon,
for lease during the year 1919.
Apply to Mr.. Wehrli Pack, Rose,
Idaho, Blackfoot, R. F. D. No. l
adv. 41a-tf.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
LOST

APRIL 20, BAY HORSE, WEIGHT
$50, white spot in forehead, hind
feet shod, reached name, branded
w under bar ON left hip. Notify
Earl Martin, route 4. Reward
$500. adv. 42a-tf.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

EXPERIENCED IRRIGATORS TO
irrigate hay and grain, on reserva-
ton, 40 cents per hour. Phone
90. G.. II. Smith. 43a-tf.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
classified
ADVERTISING

RATES: Advertisements under
this head will be charged for at the
rate of 10 cents per line each. issue.
The Republican will not be re-
sponsible for more than one inser-
ton for errors In classified adver-
tisements.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

FROM MY PLACE FIRST WEEK IN
April, one brown mare, eight years
old, weight about 1900, star In
forehead. William Stroh, MACK
foot. adv. 40a-tf.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
WANTED

SALESMAN TO HANDLE OUR LINE
of goods at Blackfoot and sur
rounding territory. Liberal COM
mission allowed and special in
ducements given to get business.
For further particulars, inquire
Grand Union Co., 200 N. Main St.
Pocatello. adv. 4la-6mf.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

FORTY-TWO HEAD EWES WITH
lambs, have not been SHARED.
Phone 1851, J. F. Kirkpatrick.
ATT.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

ALFALFA HAY. CARLOAD AT
once. Write or wire, j. E. Dodson
Homedale, Idaho. 4la-7mfp.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
FOR SALE-MiscellaneOus

WOMAN TO HELP IN WEEKLY
cleanup at private residence. APP
ply Republican office. u.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

ONE BAY MARE ELEVEN YEARS
old, branded il low down on left
leg. Owner prove property, pay
advertising and feed bill. Call at
J.. r. Cushman, three miles south
west of Pingree. F. A. Dosier. 44tf.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

CRAY MARE, WEIGHT 100, FOUR
years old, reached name. branded
6 on right shoulder. Notify John
Schaffer, route 4. adv. 4la-tf.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

ONE CRANK, PROBABLY FORD.
Call at the Idaho Republican Of
flee. adv. u.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
STRAYED OR STOLEN

FADED BROWN HORSE, WEIGHT
1900, two white hind feet, saddle
marks. Sore shoulders, branded
bar over c over T. Notify c.
C Null, Springfield, Idaho. 43-tf
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
FOUND

TWO MARE MULES, ONE HORSE,
branded on right thigh. Owner
apply to Ralph Dixey, phone l45Jl
adv. 42a-tf.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

TEAM OF, MARES ONE BLACK.
branded K upside DOWN and
one brown branded with the figure
2 on left shoulder, one has hobble
on one foot. J. H. Rich, three
miles south of Thomas. ATT.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
STRAYED

THURSDAY NIGHT, ONE BAY
mare, weight 1000 pounds,
branded c A or 2 A on right nip.
Notify Henry Sarles, 1874 Court
street Rlackfoot. 43a-tf.
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20
Flodquist Chiropractic
Sanitarium
"A STEP FORWARD"

IA STEF FOFCW AND
Corner Broadway and Bridge SITS.
Entire Floor Completely Equipped.
Lady Nurse in Constant Attendance
Phone ISL
We are i'm Business for Your Health
The Idaho Republican. [volume] (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1904-1932, 1919-05-20

GENTLEMAN'S STICK PIN IN
uuire at this office. adv. Att.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09
Erickson Tells
Why He Blocked
Plan for Police

The tax levy OF the city would be
Increased By $4,000 a year II the re-
quest OF the chief OF police for 80 add
tional patrolmen and three lieuten.
ants were granted. said Councilman
Oliver r. Erickson. Thursday morn
ing. in defending his vote against the
measure for an increased police
force
"a lot Of people are boosting for n
bigger police department without
even stopping to consider the cost. y
said Erickson. II did not vote
against the proposal at the meeting
Of the public safety committee yes.
terdav afternoon without first giving
the matter consideration.
we have police department or
300 men at present. and | believe
this is enough for city the size OF
Seattle"
Mayor Hanson pleaded with Erick'
son "wednesday TO reverse his stand
against the greaterpolice force
movement.
Erickson charges that the only
reason for an increase in patrolmen
is "a general desire on the part OF
the chief OF police for larger force" !"
The matter will be again introduc'
cd AZ Mondays meeting Of the city
council.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09
HUNS PLANNED
CANADA DRIVE

WASHINGTON, Jan, 9.-Ger'
man plans for the invasion of Can
ada by men in this country who had
served in the imperial German army
were told today to the senate com
mittee probing German propaganda
by A. Bruce Bielaski, head OF the bu.
reau of investigation of the depart.
ment of Justice.
THE men Germany depended upon
To invade Canada before we entered
the war belonged TO the 'Krieges.
bund, said Bielaski.
Men who had seen military serv-
ice In Germany were eligible for
membership. Some of the organlza.
tions were actually drilling and were
supplied with rifles. Nothing of a
serious character ever developed. al
tho they were harmful in their influ-
cncc.'
Bielaski said the army was well or.
ganized and had "A number of
branches scattered thruout the coun.
try.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09
ARE READY TO
DEAL OUT JOBS

American flags and shields form
a patriotic background for returned
soldiers and sailors at the United
states employment service. 1i0
Cherry St. Thursday when the
new headquarters OF tho soldiers
and sailors Information and place
ment bureau were formally opened.
Representatives OF the War
Camp Community Service. Red
Cross. Seattle Chamber OF Com
mercc ana Commercial club,
Knights Of Columbus. King County
Council Of Defense and the Ma
tlonal League OF Women's Pa
triotic Service. were there to greet
the fighting men. In addition,
Lawrence Wood. federal employ
ment director and other employ
ment officials were there to push
on the work OF finding Jobs for
the boys In uniform.
Some OF those upon the rccep-
tion committee were: W. G. Weir
divisional director OF the War
Camp Community Service: Harold
Preston. chairman OF the king
County Council of Defense. r.
Gates. business representative OF
the council. @. X Goldsmith. Sc
attic Chamber of Commerce aud
Commercial club; John j. sullivan
knights OF Columbus, II. A. Hen
ninFsen. Seattle Red Cross. and
X. s. Baxter. Y. NJ. 9. a.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09
TRACTION CASE
IS UP MONDAY

Corporation Counsel Walter J..
Meier filed his answer Thursday to
the restraining suit brought by +. A.
Twicheli. taxpayer. against the com.
plction OF the deal whereby the city
purchases the traction system for
sl5 100000 in utility bonds.
In "A voluminous defense prepared
by Meier and his assistants. the city
refutes Twichell's charge that the
city is committing an Illegal act.
The answer denies that the city
will be creating an indebtedness in
violation OF constitutional provisions.
and also denies that Twichell's prop,
erty will be taxed to help maintain
the street car system
Emphasis Is laid on the city's az.
sertion that street car fares will he
maintained at such level that the
traction income viii always bc SUI
ficient to pay bonds. interest. opera.
ton and maintenance charges with
out resort to borrowing from the
city's general fund.
In announcing completion OF tho
citys answer 10 Twichells npplics
ton for a restraining order. Meier
said.
THE suit instituted by Twichell
against tho city and the traction
company to restrain the purchase OF
the car line was brought on behalf
OF all taxpayers who desire to be
heard, either as parties to the suit or
friends OF the court am sure the
court viii be glad to hear any argu
-ncnts advanced on the construction
TO be given the law under which the
proceedings to purchase were taken
The suit will be heard in depart
ment No. I. Of the superior court
Monday morning at $3.50.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09
WORK STOPPED
BY REVOLUTION

GENEVA, Jan. All work has
been stopped thruout Germany as a
result Of the spreading OF the revo.
luton, dispatches from various
sources reported today.
A Bolshevik government is said
TO have been proclaimed in Mann.
helm and Oberhausen.
a revolt has occurred in Nurem.
berg where Bolsheviks have seized
the newspaper Tagepost.
In Brunswick a general strike has
been proclaimed. Ten thousand
persons paraded the streets. pillag-
ing shops and occupying newspaper
offices.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09
West Virginia Is
for Prohibition

CHARLESTON. W. Va. Jan. o.
BY vote OF IS to .. following
vote OF 25 to 0. by the senate yestcr.
day. the West Virginia house OF del.
egates today ratified the national
prohibition amendment.
SPRINGFIELD. H.. Jan. o.-The
federal dry amendment went before
the house OF the Illinois assembly to.
day. II was passed by the senate
late yesterday. 30 to lj
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09
Struggle of Teutons
Grows Hourly in Violence

ment. headed by Ledebour and Lieb
mann. Is said to have been proclaim
ed by the Spartacans.
Chancellor Ebert and Philip Schei
demaln are reported to have been
sentenced TO death by the Bolshe
visits. but there is nothing 10 indi
cate they viii be able TO carry out
these sentences
Some government troops are said
TO have gone over to the insurgents.
This is the first dispatch mention.
ing fighting in Berlin on Saturday.
All other reports agree the riots be
gan Monday. Other dispatches also
state that the incident at the Hotel
Adlon resulted from the raising OF
the American flag by Gen. Harries.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09
Spartacans Break
Word After Truce
Has Been Signed

LONDON, Jan. 9.-Spartacanns
after accepting truce with the gov
ernment. yesterday resumed their
demonstrations in Berlin. an official
wireless dispatch from the German
capital reported today.
At meeting with the state chan
cellory of the government at $40
this "wednesday morning. the Spar
tacans received a truce after both
sides had declared that they would
not use force except in defense" the
dispatch said,
How the armistice was adhered to
is shown by the fact that at 5:1o the
Spartacans stormed into Inter den
Linden with circulars. declaring the
negotiations would be reopened. At
IL o'clock fresh demonstrations
against the government We're begun.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09

LONDON. Jan. 9.-Thc army
classes OF 1919 and 1920 have joined
the spartacans, according to Bcr.
lin dispatch received by the Express
today. The revolution is spreading
thruout Germany.
Fighting was said TO have taken
place In Leipzig and Wittenburg An
unnamed American newspaper corre-
spondent was wounded by "A grenade
during the street fighting in Berlin.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09

Hundreds OF persons were killed in
three days fighting at Dusseldorf.
where Bolshevik republic was pro-
claimed. At Munich. where 5000
are unemployed. there was a demon
stration. two persons being killed in
a machine gun battle.
Bolsheviki, led by sailors. seized
the barracks and public buildings at
Schwerin, but were driven out.
All shops in Frankfort have been
closed and business was reported at
a standstill there.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09

chusetts is better able TO provid-
an extra allowance than is
Washington. We think not.
Hence this lettor TO your publ.
cation.
IL iH not necessary TO go into
detail az TO conditions following
the return % the men from the
spanish American war and from
the Mexican border Suffice 10
say that We hope the situation
will hc different this time. For
the most part our civilian earn.
ingr viii have 20 begin shortly
after our discharge. We will
agree that our present rate Of
pay iH sufficient for our present
needs. but would insist that a
saving ~ not customary to say
the least a bonus OF SO per
month from the date OF entry
Into the federal service would
mean an average Of probably
400 per man. which amount
would enable him 10 purchase
civilian clothing and other neces.
nltles OF life un,il he Is once
more In "A position where the pay
check could be definitely ex.
pected
We have finished this bust.
ness. and from all accounts have
done a good job. Our home
coming win bc a glorious event.
hut after n few weeks there will
be more serious matters TO at.
tend TO.
II were In Seattle and could
attend TO this personally Il might
have more weight All that can
he done from this distance is tho
bringing OF the proposition 10 the
attention OF our friends back
home and leaving u TO them
Tor action. s..as.4ss-. -.-.a.sa
In view of the fact that the
Seattle star has in times past
gained our admiration by itH in.
dependenc. and frankncsr. I
have decided 10 submit the above
for your consideration and ac.
tion II you deem IL 10 bc "A
worthy cause.
EDGAR y. EYRES.
Corp Co. =. isist Inf. A. r.. y.
90. X. y. 81. Edwards. Capt. Inf
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09

BAsLE. Jan. More than a hun.
dred persons were killed md several
hundred wounded I'm Berlin street
fighting from saturday up TO Wed.
ncsday. according 10 dispatches re.
oeivcd here today.
The struggles between the Sparta.
cans and government forces were
said 20 be terrific. great numbers Of
machine guns being used.
a mob. seeing an American movie
operator on the roof OF the Hotel Ad-
lon on Tuesday. mistook the camera
for machine gun and attempted TO
storm the building. in which inter.
allied military officials and Russians
had sought safety.
a revolution committee OF govern
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09
CHANGE PLANS
OF PEACE MEET

PARIS. Jan. s.-The program for
tho formal conferences OF the associ.
ated powers is changing almost hour
ly.
Official announcement was issued
today. explaining that the meeting
would be postponed until Premier
Lloyd George arrives. Saturday or
Sunday.
Thus the program has reverted to
the original plan.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09

NEW YORK. Jan. s-The port Of
New York WIS tied up today when
5000 members OF the marine work
ers' affusation struck at a IN.
There were no ferries running to
New Jersey or Staten Island. Per
sons living at the latter place were
Isolated.
Tubes carried all Jersey residents
having business in New York. The
trains we're taxed to capacity.
The strike also cut OF the rail.
way terminals on the Jersey side
Of the Hudson river.
The strike Was expected to spread
rapidly 70 other marine workers.
The international Longshoremen's
association met early today TO take
steps in sympathy with the marine
workers II was estimated that un-
less some measure was taken with
IN a short time. about 10000 men
might he idle.
A serious fuel and food famine
was threatened
Supplies from the interior OF the
United States for export and from
abroad. were expected TO be held up.
Returning soldiers also faced the
prospect OF being unable to land
from ships The only boats exempt
ed from the strike order were those
operated by the federal government
carrying wounded. and sick soldiers
between hospitals and the port Of
debarkation. AZ Hoboken.
The Fort Lee ferries. used by
thousands of soldiers travelling be-
fween Camp Merritt and Nanhat-
tan island. shut down az 6 a. m.
The Central OF New JerSey and
other downtown ferries suspended
ut 6 a. m. Signs were posted
warning commuters.
Ocean liners were affected by
The order. Instructions were Is
sued that no members OF the
union were 20 give a tow.
The strike is the result Of the
refusal by employers 10 agree to
an award made some time ago by
the war labor board. An eight
hour day and increase IN pay
were granted the men. The board
yesterday announced It's inability
10 bring out an agreement and the
strike order came shortly after
ward.
-. r. Deiahunty. president Of
The Marine Workers affIliation.
said that 80 per cent Of the work.
ers had left their work at a. m.
leaving their boats az they reached
shore tying them up and banking
their fires
Delahunty said there was no in
dication that there would be any
violence but gathered around the
ferry slips at the Manhattan and
Staten Island terminals were large
crowds of workmen.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-01-09
IRE DS" GRIPPING GERMANY
ORDER DEATH OF EBERT AND SCHEIDEMANN
This Letter From a Yank in
France Speaks for Itself

Thenay loire ct cher. France.
November 25. 1918.
Editor Tho Star: Now that
the war II over and We no long
cr have To wonder how things
are going on up at the front and
how long the enemy can hold
out. We have time TO sit back and
make rather definite plans for
the future.
Prior TO November II our
thoughts OF coming events were
mostly confined TO war. Doubt.
less some constantly thought Of
home. but | do not think many
were able 20 convince them
selves that a home coming was
20 b. a certainty Now the Aitua-
ton has changed and tho wc do
not know what the program for
the return viii b.. II ls quite
likely that "a large number OF US
viii be stroiiing up Second ave
nue. before the winter il over.
We have begun to think Of such
things as clothes other than O.
-. and meals which cannot be
procured hy lining up in front
Of the kitchen We are glad
that We had the opportunity OF
coming TO France 20 get first.
hand knowledge OF how this AZ.
fair was being carried on and
also that nt the conclusion OF Il
our forces were going strong.
but these matters are in~ignifi.
cant compared TO the fact that
tho war 10 over and We are going
home. In other words We arr
quite satisfied with our lot and
not complaining I'm the least.
Great tho the glory may he.
and many the glad hands ss We
once more greet tl,e horne foiks,
vac arc persfmistfn enough 10
waste n minute or two In trying
10 figure out just who IL on our
old job. and aiso II the price OF
shoe leather and blue serge cloth
~ stiil on the rise.
The state OF MasEac hneetts
gives SO a month 10 each of her
soldiers In the federal service. \
discussion has arisen in our
midst as 10 whether Massa