davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1919-03-23
by BREWSTER s. BEACH.

A MEXICAN naval experts state
~ with conviction that If the
war had lasted six months
LANCER German submarine
warfare would have been impossible.
Back Of their belief lies a story
shrouded in the secrecy of the GEN.
sorshiQ. The cessation of hostilities
now makes 1t possible to divulge some
of the details for the first time
In fact. the doom of the submarine
may properly be said to have been
signed and sealed on historic day
in October. 1917. off the coast of Cape
Cod, Mass, when group of American
engin ers and naval officers complet-
ed the first successful test of ap-
paratus which. up to now. has been
the most carefully guarded military
secret of the allies-the submarine
detector.
X X
When the United States entered the
European conflict, the greatest mill
tary problem confronting the allied
nations was successful solution of
the tremendous difficulties caused by
the interruption to shipping by Ger
man submarines, condition which
had been rapidly growing more seri-
Gus since the Inauguration of Teu-
tonic "frightfulness."
On the outbreak of hostilities, Sec
retary of the Navy Daniels appointed
a special board to consider ways and
means to meet this submarine menace
and overcome i. Two groups of en-
gineerS and scientists were form
ed, one at New London, Conn,
where the Navy had establish
ed submarine base, and an
other at Nahant. Mass. There, for
many months, experiments We're car
locate submarines under water.
The. General Electric Company of
Schenectady, N. Y, played a promi
nent part in the activities at the
Nahant station. in cooperation with
Evening star., 1919-03-23

down near the water and test made
which showed that the detector could
be used with good results. Lieut..
Struthers. r. NJ. captain of the ship.
pointed out submarine periscope,
which his trained eye had seen. al
though at a considerable distance. 1t
was a friendly submarine. exercising.
and had a trawler near her to prevent
being bombed by any craft that
might attack her for the enemy.
Later tests In France and England
demonstrated the practicab!lity of
the detector for this type Of aircraft.
The addition Of listening devices to
all American submarines was of tre-
mendous assistance to them when out
on patrol. Tho American submarine
base was at Berehaven, Ireland and
submarines operated from there of
the west coast OF Ireland on the
lookout for U-boats. Up to the time
that we entered the war. submarines,
once they submerged below listeners
depth. were both blind and deaf. The
Of the listeners for use
with submarines gave them an added
sense which they used constantly aft
or they got into the war zone, and
began on anti-submarine warfare.
Evening star., 1919-03-23

the Submarine Signal Company OF
Boston. The Submarine Signal Com
pany had up to this time, been the
only concern which had made study
of the pagation and reception of
sound waves in water. and 1T oHered
to disclose the results of it's research
in order to assist in the development
of suitable submarine detector.
The work at Nahant was begun and
carried on in conjunction with ex-
perimentation in the research labora-
tories of the General Electric Com
pany under its director. DR. w. II.
Whitney, assisted by DR.. Irving Lang
muir, Dr. w. d. Coolidge and other
research scientists. Experts from the
Western Electric Company joined this
group later.
Col. r. A. Millikan, head of the de-
partment of physics of the University
of Chicago and chairman of the ply
sizes committee of the National Re-
search Council. with Prof. Max Mason
and others, began separate under-
taking to accomplish the same object
mt New London and the activities of
the two groups were later co-ordi-
mated.
In the meantime losses by subma-
rine sinkings were increasing and IN
April, 1917, tonnage destroyed amount
ed to $4,000 tons. 1t was evident
that something would have to berdone
at once.
Scientific experiments gradually
passed the experimental stage and
then the Navy Department, through
DR.. Whitney, who was q member OF
the naval advisory board. placed Its
organization at their disposal Tor
making practical tests. which fol-
lowed.
X
Scientific commissions from the al
lied countries, British admiralty Of
ficers, French naval engineers, Italian
scientists, now visited the United
States unknown to the general public.
They laid bare everything which al
lied brains had done to stop the sub
marine. They laid their problems be-
fore the naval consulting board In
washington: they went to Sche-
nectady, Nahant and New Londons
Consultations and conferences fol-
lowed one another in rapid success
1--WE must discover" said. they.
''more effective means to combat the
must do SO at once. Every instant
counts. France needs ub-chasers
liko yours by the thousands. Every
day lost means more destruction to
life and property"
More experimental stations were
establish ed--one on the Mohawk river
near Schenectady and another on the
At last, twelve weeks after expert
mentation had begun. the engineers
had perfected an instrument which
Evening star., 1919-03-23
(Photo by General Electric Company

weather conditions towing device.
or trailer, was invented which drag
ged the listener through the water
astern.
The engineers were now ready to
test the practicability Of the device
under fire." and further experiments
were carried out under conditions as
nearly as possible approaching those
in European waters.
The Navy submarine station at New
London dispatched a notilla Of UNDER
water craft and squadron OF sub
marine chasers to Boston waters. The
chasers We're equipped at Nahant with
submarine detectors and practice be-
gan in earnest.
* X
In spite of 1t all. initial experiments
proved slow Of entirely satisfactory
developments until the fall OF 1917.
when it was decided to go out to sea
off Capt Cod for moro thorough tests.
The sea was clear of craft as far as
the eye could see. yet the operator
with his ear to the detector distinctly
heard a vessel approaching. The cap
tain from the bridge eagerly scanned
the horizon with the ships glasses.
Nothing in sight!
send a man aloft with powerful
glasses" he commanded. 1.-THE de-
tector has picked up q craft three
points on our starboard bow"
The sailor returned. Nothing In
sight. SIR" he said.
"Fll SO aloft myself. That boat
sounds as If 1t were very near. Why,
we can hear her engines a. clearly
as II she were alongside"
Puzzled. the captain returned from
the masthead after a disappointing
vision Of q calm and perfectly clear
sea.
"How's she comingT shouted the
first lieutenant down the hatchway..
Heading straight for ps. sir.
There was nothing to do but wait.
The captain pulled out his watch
and sat down. Fifteen mlnutss-half
an hour-an hour-ticked on.
"Ship ahoy!" came from the mast
head.
"Where away9"
1.-TWO points on the starboArd bow,
sir. Looks like she was heading this
way"
The vessel had boon detected BY
sound waves travelling through the
water. her course and speed had beAh
accurately charted and her exact po-
sit!on within one point Of the com.
PASS had been determined moro thar,
an hour before the vessel Itself had
become visible over the horlnon,
TITS almost perfect" said one OF the
naval engineers In an undertone. The
tension under which they had worked
for hours suddenly relaxed. The ships
crew gathered in groups to talk II
over, There was not q dessenting
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06
JEFFERSON CARS
 IN b|G DEMAND Pioneer Motor Car Builders Receive the Largest
 Single Order

Whs Is said to be one of the largest, if no, largest, single order ever re- ceived -sr motor cars by a manufactur- ing company, has just been booked by the Apperson Bros. Automobile company of Kokomo, Ind.
 The Bruening Bros. of Kansas City last week placed with those pioneer motor car builders of Kokomo-Elmer and Edgar Arperson-an order which represents a total of $15, 600,000 worth of automobiles
 This is in line with many other "firsts" the Apperson Bros. have been responsible for, as it is believed this is the largest single order ever placed for passenger automobiles
 The Bruening Bros. are distributors for the Kansas City territory, so it goes without saying that the buying power of the Kansas City territory, insofar as he Apperson is concerned, is great.
 IT speaking of this order the other day in Chicago, T. E. Jarrard, vice president of the Apperson Bpos Automobile com pany. through whom the deal was ne- gotiated, had the following to say:
 The Bruenings will have no trouble in finding owners for this great number of Appersons-of that there is no ques- tion. The Apperson car has been fore most in the field for 26 years. Since the Worlds fair in 1893, the Apperson Bros. have built automobiles, having con structed with their own hands 26 years age the first practical car. This achieve ment has been followed by many other rotable ones in design and construction. It will be remembered that Apperson was the first with the double opposed motor,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06
.bANKHEAD HIGHWAY
 !. MAY BE EXTENDED
J. Asa ROuntree Shows Much Interest in COun-
 try's Good Roads

The Bankhead pathfinding commls- sion that inspected the various routes from Fl Paso to San Diego, on to Los Angeles, Cal, has been called to meet in the city of Washington, Tuesday, July Is.
 This commission will consider the data, maps and questionnaires that have been furnished them, also the notes that they made along the route during the trip of inspection April 22 to May g. The commission is com posed of Messrs A. G. Batchelder, Maurice Eldridge, engineer of the United States road department and c. E. Beasley. clerk of the postoffice and post roads committee, United States Senate.
 MT. J. A. Rountree, secretary of the Bankhead National Highway associa- tion, has written to all parties inter- ested in the establishment of the Bankhead highway from El Paso to the Pacific coast, urging them to fer ward all maps. data and questionnaires to the commission at Washington at once and also to send any additional data they may have bearing on same.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06
NO CHANGE IN BUICK
 PRICES ANNOUNCED
Don Drennen Receives Information That Many New Improve
 ments Made

Don Drennen, president of the Bir mingham Motor company, stated yes terday that he received information direct from the factory that the new Buick models would not be increased in selling price. Of course, there are some changes made in construction which are an improvement, but the Buick company is still sticking to the same valve-in- head motor, which the government has adopted, which en- dorses the mechanical efficiency of the Buick car manufacturers.
 The closed cars have been slightly increased in price, and this is due to the superior grades of upholsterihy and other improved driving equipment added to the closed cars. The Birmipg- ham Motor company has selected the Buick exclusively, and through their experience in handling many motor cars they believe the Buick the best buy. says Don Drennen. The new closed cars are said to be ultra attrac- tive and just what the closed car motoriSt wants.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06

the first to use float feed carburetor and the first car with electric ignition.
 "In achievements, in speed contests those who have followed racing events of the past will remember that it was an Apperson that won the first American speed contest; Apperson made the first 1O0-mile nonstop record, and was the first to make an overland trip.
 Besides being a car of power achieve ments, the Apperson new models have rare beauty of line and equipment. The eight-cylnder motor is unusual for it's simplicity and ease of handling is a dis tinctive feature.
 ''The entire motoring world will mark this tremendous purchase of the Bruen- ings as an event in history-a notable achievement for the entire industry as well as for the Apperson Bros. Auto n.obile company"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06
NEW PRODUCT FOR
 AUTOMOBILE TOPS
Birmingham Accessories Company Will Be State Distributors for
 Overall

There is a new product that is act ing like wonders in the way of mak- ing old automobile tops look like new. It is called Over-All and is sold by the Birmingham Accessories company at 209 Twenty second street, north. This product has been tested by many firms In Alabama and all state that it is one of the best products of it's kind. This concern is offering prize of $25 to the person sending in the best name for overall. Read their advertisement in today's Age Herald and get the full particulars of the contest.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06

emy vessels, in his working clothes. at the war prison camp at Fort Oglethorpe
 Georgia. It was taken on February g.. 1918, while the captain was bossing some of his men in the manual labor of pre- pairing vegetable gardens. The picture itself was innocent enough, but it was published over a caption that indicated
 that German officers were put to work on the rock pile. The picture reached Berlin, and presto! Uncle Sam had an international problem on his hands. To put captured officers at manual labor Is a violation of the rules of war. so the German high command issued a curt statement to the effect that all American officers in its hands would be set at menial labor as a reprisal. The incident
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06
HOOD TIRES ARE
 DOLLAR SAVERS
Blacklock-Posner Tire Company Makes Tests That Show Hood Tires
 Economical

Within the past six months the Blacklock- Posner Tire company dis tributors for Hood tires for the city of Birmingham, have been making tests, and this week they were ale to state just what Hood tires will do fin all kinds of rough roads and hill climbing. They have made demonstra- tions that show that Hood tires are firmly constructed with a tough re- sisting treat that gives the motorlst more miles for his dollar. The ma terials and selected quality of rubber, with the scientific construction, en- able the manufacturer to stand back
 of every tire with a guarantee that
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06

After the pathfinding commission reaches a decision they will make their report to President T. S. Plowman, who will call a meeting of the board of directors 30 days thereafter for the purpose of passing upon the report and deciding the route, which will then be established from Washington, D C., to the Pacific coast
 Reports show there is much interest and rivalry among the people along the western division of the Bankhead national highway. They are anxious that the location be made as early as possible
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06
Behind Scenes With Censor

Major Kendall Banning, in Leslie's.
 Several pictures that led to foreign complications were fraught with infinite danger. On notable occasions. situations more troublesome than the war de3 partment or the state department liked to admit, developed. One of the official photographs which, on it's face, seemed most harmless, proved a veritable bomb she'll The picture showed a German war prisoner, Captain Koenig, formerly in command of one of the interned en-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06

acts like insurance to all users. Those | who are using Hood tires, says Mir. 1 Posner. are satisfied users who are | recommending them to their friends.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06

has become historic in the office of the picture censor because of the unexpected trouble that just one supposedly innocent little snapshot caused. Incidentally. the misunderstanding was adjusted before serious damage was done, through the prompt and vigorous efforts of neutral nations.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06

William F. Trowbridge at Feltonville, now part of Marlborough. Mass, ap- piled horse power to the shoemaking ma chinery of 1855. Steam and water power came later.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-07-06

Diamond cutting factories are to be es- tablished in South Africa under gov ernment control.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-09-20
SFR|ES OF CONCERTS To De
GIVEN HERE BY NOTED ARTISTS

,,.,, >r.,,,l.,, ;.r ,Ir.r hrl,," III M.ur'.."E =
r.r .,fi,r u ,i..rt visit her" "''h
N,I, rmn, I:,rr, :: j. SI''nj'nr TIL"
VIA md with iI."mds IN 'raiI"n.
NJ add Nrs. FRANK Earnest and Lam
Ilv .,r.. >i"ir!Ii.i; ''.'~Tl days hHh''"S
.u:I u. h.:.E II jb', ml.'uuihInS.
I,fir.S ltrur,,!>,u sp'nt saturday ah'
Sunday with h.S lu"jh"r. Mrs. i. a. Don
allison III IlarkshUrE
Mrs ChaS. l;,&rs has returned h"'n"
grur s,lrrnl days visit with friends III
NcN,rh'N.
Miss rnthclcrmc Cullnan left Thurs
day for ir."ushurr. wh'r" she Will Al
,.nd tin. Seton IHlI college.
Mr.. and Mr.. Fred cash Of tlhrk%-
hurry. ar' @rrndiuG i few days her" with
with friends
Mr.. +. ". pnurh"r'y is VISITING
friends m Wheeling for a few days.
Mr. and Mrs. leo crew -! Denver.
Mss tlIzahrrh IruEh"rty left Tues
day for Wheeling. wh"rc Ill" is attend
INK school.
Mrs. Chas. Hugrir; Of Akron. is Wis
IiuS friends here, TOR 4 t'.w days.
McssrS john Carmen and EnrIl Sion
al>'r Of E"nw"ud. spent saturday aAd
Sunday here with friends.
Mrs. NJ. CuliInau ~ spending no
weekend with ir ."ndS in lntrNtnreh
Mrs. {. owen has returned hun" after
short visit with h,r druehi"r. Mrs. {.
&. r"-ll':hwaIt" In W"llshurS.
Mrs. Jennie MuSgr"v" IL spending
Few days with relatives in tark@hurE.
Mr.. Ralph Gould has returned HOME
after n two months stay III Tr>nS.
Miss Gertrude crow is SI'"ui!nG a few
days with relatives in Huntington.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-09-20
Bannock Briefs.

George A. Caldwell returned home on
last Thursday after spending some time
with friends at Kcyscr. W. Va. He was
accompanied by Mrs. Caldwclrs sister,
Miss Belle Taylor. OF Keyser who will
visit at the Caldwell homo. and also
with her sister. Mrs. w. l.. Hayes.
William Morgan moved his family
from the Poe house. in town, to May
nard's, recently.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Rankin and son.
Of near New Athens, spent one day the
first Of the week with their parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. F. VI. Daniel. and family.
Mrs. william Nichol was week END
visitor with friends at Shadystde.
Mrs. Elizabeth Ferguson and Earl
Walls spent Friday evening at the home
Of the formers sister, Mrs. r. e. Glr-
fen of near st. ClairsTille.
Mrs. Harry Kilmeyer and son. Jack.
and sister. Miss Elizabeth Thompson.
Of Stcubcnvillc. were recent visitors
with friends in this vicinity.
w. l.. HAYES was business VISITOR
in Wheeling on Tuesday.
J. T.. Doudna and family spent ono
day the first Of the week with friends
at Bethesda.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-09-20
WHEELING SECOND CITY IN UNITED STATES
IN THE PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF V,
FOR 1919 CITY'S DAILY CONSUME
TON IS 500 GALLONS
PER CAPITA.
BuHalo N. Y, Heads the L4s'' WIN
Daily Per Capita Consumption
OF 322 Gallons.

Ruralo. Y. Y. md Wheeling. ". Va
have :hr doubtful d'st'n"H"" "i '"'
highest prr car.,N daily water con ,
sup,rticr among 80 c.ti"S ~ -''"''
n,pulatIon or over. as shown pH 'i"
national survey jas, ""mrl"t"d hF 1hS
Scusnaper Fra,ur" Bureau. FOR l'lS
Buralu's daily consumption - - gu
Ions prr capita. and wh""HAGS -
Fort Worth. T"Xas. has IN" Snla'''S'
consunptjou-cl gall"ns-"hIl" water
loo, Ia. reports b. Oakland. Call %
and Quincy. Ill. @9.
In 1919 Wheeling Is consuming To-
$4,000 gallons of water daily per
capita OF :n2 gallons. compared win
its 1910 consumption OF lt.o5t'""" Em'-
ions a per capital OF 3S3 gallons. the
city ranks second in dall! per 1"P''"
consumption for 1919.
or tho 40. cities reporting, 70 sho"
decreased per capita consumption Tor
1919 compared with 1910. while b. re-
mort higher consumption. and three are
unchanged. The decrease. quite marked
In many instances, Is caused largely nS
tho more general use Of meters. Citles
with extremely large water conSuHP
ton are usually selling water on r''
rate, which invariably induces waste
fulnes$.
Chicago's 1919 daily water consumr'
ton is 657 900 900 gallons. or @l+ "a =
Ions per capita. on the bass OF its "S'
timatcd population OF S.o5s.3s6. New
York City. with an estimated populn'
ton Of 6,244.616 (ot which 100000 is
served BY private water companies not
reporttng) has a daily consumption OF
Bs6. 900. 900 gallons. The New YORK per
capita consumption is 1913 gallons.
Many OF the cities showing Increased
water consumption report this caused by
Industrial activity. applying In partic-
ular to the paper, iron and steel. RUBBER
and other industries
In the following tabulation. the cities
reporting are arranged In the order OF
their daily 1919 per capital water CON
SUMPTION:
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-09-20
LITTLETON

Mr.. and Mrs. Milton Kinblc and little
daughter left Monday for Ranger, Tex.
where they will make their future home.
Mrs. Clyde Henderson is spending q
few days with friends in Wellsburg.
Mrs. Jennie Nnble has returned homo
after a short visit with friends in Fair
mont.
Mrs Jennie Kinble has returned homo
after a short visit with friends in Fair.
mont.
Sunday with friends in Grafton.
Mrs Louis Ycatcr Of Denver. spent
Monday evening here with friends.
Miss May Underwood has returned
home after a short visit with relatives
in Fairmont
Mr. and Mrs. ]. s. OFT and family are
spending a few days hunting and fishing
on Cheat river.
Mr. and Mrs. Earl Wilson left We'd
nesday for Wheeling after spending n
few days with Mrs. wilson's mother,
Mrs. r. kNrguson.
Mrs. Frank Shaufneer and children
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-09-20
Mannington Briefs,

Lieut.. n. r. Mari has been trans
ferred from Camp Sherman. Ohio. TO
Camp Meade. Nd. to assist in the de-
mobilization Of General Pcrshing's
First Division. which will proceed at
the rate Of 1000 a day.
Harry McColm, Of the McColm granite
works, has returned 10 Huntington after
attending the funeral of c. l.. Cottrill.
The Misses Caricc Turner and Mar
garet L. Hanley were visitors in Fair
mont Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles r. Phillips and
son James. arc homo from a motor trip
to Bolivar. N. Y.
Spray Sturm has returned from a bus
mess visit in Chicago.
Mrs. James I. Phillips has returned
from Chambcrsburg. Pa. where she ac-
cornpanied her daughter. Helen, who en-
tered Wilson college.
Mrs. A. G. Clayton was a visitor in
Fairmont yesterday.
Mr.. r. D. Smith. Of Baltimore. was a
business visitor here this week
Mrs. Virginia Leigh Is visiting with
friends in Wheeling.
Mrs. c. A. Davis Of Weston. visited
friends here yesterday.
Mr.. Ralph Gould has returned to his
home here from the Texas oil fields.
Miss Eva Brown IL i'll at her homo on
Franklin street. with tonsilitis.
Mr.. and Mrs. l.. D. Ncvins has return
ed home after ten weeks visit with
relatives in New Jersey.