The sun., 1919-09-06
MORE SUPPORT FOR
CHANGES IN TREATY
Mild Reservationists Express
Views, but Are Expected
to Fall in Line.
SPENCER IN STRONG PLEA
Senator McCumber VIII Urge
Substitute Reservation to
Article X. to Define Duty.

ouuotItutC hCoCA FohVA w
Article Y. to Define Duty.
spscsal Despesca 20 TIVE suS.
WASHINGTON. Sept. 5.-Ths mild res
ervationists'' In the Senate had their In
nings to-day in . food Of statements.
explanations and manifestoes> following
closely upon the action yesterday Of the
Foreign Relations Committee In voting
to report drastic reservations 70 the
American acceptance OF the peace treaty
and League Of Nations covenant in ad-
dition to the four amendments For tho
most part the statements and actions OF
the less ardent opponents Of the Presi-
dents Standardization schemes &C
cepted the form and phrase Of the COM
mittee's amendments without serious
caviL
Their position in large measure, "a
predicated upon the certainty that the
committee amendments are sure to pre-
vail In then Senate. and the assurance
that one Democrat, Senator Smith ga
had left the Administration ranks. fol-
lowing Senator Shields (Tenn-). and
come over to the radical -oservationisi
side
Senator Capper (Kan-) and Senator
Cummins (Ia-). heretofore grouped with
the mild ressrvationists. came out nat
footedly for the Lodge reservations as
adopted yesterday by the conmittee;
Their acceptance was unqualified. and
once for all they are now committed ia
stand by the majority Of the committee
when the treaty reaches the floor.
Spencer Gives His Views
Senator Spencer (Mo.) }. who has been re-
iuctant to accept as tenable the advanced
ground occupied by Senators Borah
Udaho). Knox (Pa-). Lodge tMass },
Moses IN HI and johnson (CaL) In
the matter OF reservations. while sub
scribing to the general terms OF the
reservations said that he thought less
drastic language might have been used
But Senator Spencer gave out public
statement In which he took the ground
that he would vote against ratification
II all Of the reservations proposal by
thu committee were not INCORPORATED In
the resolution Of ratification with full
force and all their effectiveness Ser'
ator Spencer said:
'First-The provision requiring ut least
ciated Powers TO expressly consent to
our reservations does not seem to me to
be necessary, because when We write
the reservations into the treaty and
make them an integral part OF our rati-
hcation we create situation which
readily lends itself 20 that the other
Powers may consent by mere acquies-
cence, and such consent Is equally az
effective as any formal and express con-
sent which l., the nature Of the case re-
quires a certain amount OF formality
and delay that is unfortunate
''second--The reservation concerning
withdrawal Is excellent Even the right
Internationally to withdraw from the
League Of Nations on giving the pre-
scrhed two years notice Is essential and
well expressed in the reservation
Guards Independence of Action.
'sThird-The reservation concerning
our obligations under Article x Is, in
my Judgment. unnecessarily drastic,
and yet its effect accomplishes the pur-
pose which Is so essential and that Ia
that In the future no nation or COM
binatIon OF nations can ever be allowed
to dictate when or where American SOL
dIers or sailors are to Be sent Our In
! dependence Of action as nation In the
future must be absolutely preserved "a
I that whenever an emergency shall ariss
! II shall be n question for the Congress
! then assembled to determine precisely
v-hat we shall or shall not do. and &c
/ make that determination unfettered BY
any previous obligation either legal OF
moral.
"Fourth-The reservation concernini
the exclusive right Of the United STATED
! to determine without dictation or inter
! ference on the part OF any other country
what are its domestic and internationa
| questions and its attitude in regard Il
/ them cannot be improved upon.
| "Fifth-Precisely the same thing car
be said with regard to the fourth reser
walton regarding the exclusive right o.
| the United States to interpret the Mon
roe Doctrine and to enforce II and tina
without the interference Of any othe
/ country.
"If I have to vote on the treaty pre-
cisely as II Is submitted I shall vot
against H. could do no less than vot
against t. Every ancestor OF mine VIII,
gave his life In defence OF this countr!
would rise UP with a cry Of shame II
fettered and entangled my own countr,
in the meshes Of European politics AM
destroyed her Independence OF action II
the future.
Wilson Must Accept Change.
The President will be oound-and
speak with all the conviction In m
power-to change his policy and to &C
cept reservations whose purpose is ex
actly what Is indicated In the four reser
vations to which I referred. or else hi
treaty will never be ratified"
Senator Colt Or IL. Lenroot owls J
Kellogg Mimi. Nelson (Minn-) an
McNary (Ore.) all subscribed withou
criticism to three OF the committee res
ervations- They accept the reservation
of the right OF withdrawal. the reserva
ton insuring complete American sover
eighty over all questions OF Internal do
nestle policy, tariffs, revenue laws, In,
migration and coastwise trade and tn
reservation OF defending the Monro
Doctrine as an American policy tnstes
OF a spineless international regional ur
Outstanding. az the President and hi
European conferees would Admit
to be.
Senator Colt summed up his views 4
brief statement to which Senator Ler
root subscribed verbally. Senator Co
said:
1T IL my Judgment there Is agre.
ment on three OF the four reservation
proposed by the committee. There ma
be difference Of opinion as to the torr
Of the reservation providing for tn
withdrawal of the United States froI
the league, but that difference u NOR
as to form than as TO substance. Their
is no difference of opinion as 10 III
reservation dealing with the Monrc
Doctrine or that determining what In