davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-04
Port Cotton


New Orleans: Middling, 32c; re-
ceipts. 1853: exports. 1000: sales, 27S3,
stock. 250.O15.
Galveston: Middling. sac; receipts,
62s1, exports. s1z5; sales. 1900; stock,
115.c33
MOBILIZE Middling. s125c; receipts.
81; sales. 1902; stock. SS42.
+ Savannah: Middlins, 22c; receipts.
1902 sales, 90: stock. 211.S50
Charleston: Middling. 3150c; re-
ceipts. 967 stock. 24.943.
Wilmington: Middling. soc; receipts.
100; stock. 1908.
Texas City: Stock. $3.50.
Norfolk: Middfing. 3O50c: receipts.
,947; sales. So; stock. 59,532.
Baltimore Stock. 1900.
Boston: Middling. 32.25c; stock,
52<e.
philadelphia: Middling. s1.45c: stock.
62S5
New York: Middling. s1.2oc: exports,
80: stock. 1887.
Minor ports: Receipts 1863: exports.
i225: stock. 1s.471
Total today: Receipts. 214fs; ex-
ports. 1882; stock. sS9.s33
Total for week: Receipts. 1901;
exports. 1920.
Total for season: Receipts. 559,o45:
exports. 7S2.254.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-04

=. by Associated Press =.
LOUISVILLE, KY, October 3-Hors. 70
ceipts 1,5o0 steady; 1855 pounds mn
1880; 40 to 165 pounds 14.75. MICS
1200&13o0, throwouts 1910. down.
Cattle: Receipts 900. slow Lower.
heavy steers. 1O.00@1s.oo; beef STEERS
800 a II so; heifers 75O@11.5o: cows
500 @ 1880: feeders s.O0@1O.5o; stock
ers 7.00@10.00
sheep: Receipts 100; steady. lambs
1900; sheep 500.
81. Louis. October 3.-Hogs. receints
1900: strong: bulk 1625Q1675; medium
weight 16.25&1s.75; pigs 14.25m16.75-
Cattle. receipts 1000 Beer steers
meoium and heavy weight. medium and
goo 1919 1900; veal calves 1s.oO0
l'.25; stocker steers 6.50@s.75.
Sneep. receipts 2000 weak: lambs
iz.2sW1o.oob ewes 3.00@700
chicago, Ills. October 3.-Hogs.. re.
ceipts Ee00: higher: medium f525m
1870; pigs 1900 q 1900.
Cattle, receipts 1000. steady. Beef
steers .s.00@1s.25; buthch cattle 5000
n. %; veal calves 1s.25@2o.50 Feeder
and stocker steers 7.0O@1250.
4 Sheep. receipts 5000, firm, lambs
>. 90 q lS:16. ewes. medium 3.006 500.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-04
Produce Market

BY Associated Press
New YORK. October 3.-Butter stead,
feSelp.s $50 tubs; firsts, 541l Gs4
Esss I'm receipts 1877 cases,
oneese steady; receipts 5,oSs boxes
average run 29h @sOh. s
St. Louis, October 3.-Poultrv sn-in
rs; turkeys 80: ducks %: geese %
Butter unchanged.
EGGS 471a.
chicago. Ills. October s.-Butter nv
settled; creamery 4s@s2B. IN
first 54&5s. 'os'
Poultry alive lower: springs s5h.
Potatoes steady arrivals. "a cars
northern early Ohios. 2s5@2.so: round
whites 2.20&225. $3.50. iounu
The labor world., 1919-07-12
LABOR CAND|DDAA!!ESuNEuP >
FOR H0, :; f. $T!E ~! next WEEK
R. J. Coo|e, Mrs. Emil Erickson W. |un ID John Goodwin
Selected by Conference Of Duluth Workingmen to Make
Race For Members Of Board Of Education.

The Board of Education has called the school election for Sat-
urday July 49, The polls will be from o'clock the morning
till the hours earlier than other elections
The polling places instances public schools Four members
of the board education be elected he for the long and
a
Cooe the Macst the member recently
the board O. A. Amundon Smithv who
signed of his removal from the city, has opposition for
reelection Mr. Cooe making good member the board He
taking considerable the schools and last week attended the
of the National Education association Milwaukee,
candidates for the term The three labor
Mrs. Emil NJ Erickson, W. E. Towne and John Good
The administration candidates Mrs. Julius H. Barnes Dr.
Eklund and Frederick D. Knight John Morrison editor
Rip Saw running independent is also John c. Bush Mr.
closely following the work Of the school board for
and he has well defined ideas about the
of the schools He opposed the retension
of K. J. Hoke superntedent of schools
NJ Erickson of the labor candidates, the wife of
Senator the Fifty ninth district She member of the
Auxiliary of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Fremen and En-
and magazine correspondent for the local
recently when she resigned Mrs. Erickson born
in educated the Duluth public schools She
the Duluth Business and has wide and varied
experience stenographer She takes keen interest
church, school work elected she should be- she
The labor world., 1919-07-12

a new tdealism. This brings back the
thought of the hope that sprang in
the hearts of all progressive Ameri-
cans when Woodrow Wilson gave as
our reason for entering the war we
were striving to make the world
safe for democracy.
Those hopes are realized. These
men have heard that expression. They
believe in it. They know what it
means and they are going to stand
for ito fight for it the rest of their
lives with all the earnestness with
which they fought for it in Europe.
I have watched the faces Of these
men when they talked Of jobs and of,
wages, of strikes and Of the cost Of
living. I have studied the reactions
of these men when they read and
discussed with each other the state
ment tha There were 20,000,new made
millionaires (mostly maufacturers)
who had improved their opportunity
for profits during the war.
These men grow serious when they
talk about profits and soldiers wages
Jobs and the cost of living. They are
thinking. S.=
They come back here with the con-
viction that this is after all the finest
freaat country on earth. They are de-
The labor world., 1919-07-12
TRADE TRAINING
0LD.|N SCHOOLS
England and American Colonies
Recognized Its I'm portance
Centuries Ago.

WASHINGTON, July 10.-Although
some people look upon industrial
training as new thing" the theory
is nearly four centuries old, according
to c. r. Mann. who has written
pamphlet 1.-THE American Spirit in
Education" printed by the United
States bureau of education.
"Public responsibility for industrial
education was first publicly recog-
nized in the poor laws Of the Eliza
bethan age" says Mr.. Mann.
During the reign of Queen Eliza
beth about half the population Of
England were vagabonds. After re-
peated attempts to suppress vaga-
bondage by force had failed. parlia-
ment in 1853, authorized the over
seers of the poor to call for voluntary
contributions from the rich for the
purpose of placing the children Of the
poor In apprenticeships where they
might learn trade and thus become
self-supporting. Eveidently the chari-
table contributions of the rich were
not adequate to the requirements, for
the legislation was gradually made
more compelling, until in 1901. it was
voted to raise the required funds by
compulsory assessments of all ratable
persons.
This data Of taxation for the ,pur-
pose Of training poor children so that
they might become economically pro-
ductive is expressed in several Of the
early education acts of the various
colonies"
The labor world., 1919-07-12
BY FRANK E.. WOLFE.

Stephen c. Mason. president of the
National Association of Manufacturers
thinks he sees a royal road to pros
perity (meaning continuation Of
profits and dividends of wartime di-
mensions) in the surplus of labor
created by returning soldiers.
With this happy situation. with the
labor supply far exceeding the de-
mand, Mr.. Mason voicing the hope Of
his fellow manufacturers, sees the
happy ending of his dream that "once
more wages will drop to normal
and reasonable level"
One way to stop the rising dis
content in this country would be to
get a flicker of light through the os-
seous cranial formation of some of
"our best citizens.
Here we go to try again:
Wages are not high!
Wages are relatively low.
Wages (dollars) do not purchase as
much by one-half as they did at the
beginning Of the world war.
The wage earners did not. as a
class, create these conditions.
Returning soldiers who go back to
"the old job at the old wage" 80 back
to q relatively cut wage-reduced SO
The labor world., 1919-07-12
SCHOOL ELECTION, SATURDAY, july 19
WAS BIC:FACT0R
:. IN WlA!!M'!NlG Wl!!!!!'!!!lG WAR
MeAdoo Declares '|eoVernment
Railroad Control Saved Day
For Democlacy.
WASHINGTON, July .1O,-The a

WASHINGTON, July 1O:-The op-
Grafton Of this country's< railroads
under government control saved the
war for America and the allies be-
cause Of a failure to meet the food
situation. of the allies. in the first
few months of last year would have
been an irretrievable disaster.
This is one Of the statements made
by former Director General of Rail-
roads McAdoo. in a speech in New
YORK city. which is now being circu-
lated by the A. F. of L.. railway
employees department.
The former railroad chief stated
that in February, 1913, the situation
was extremely black for the allies.
At that time he was invited by the
ambassadors of Great Britain, France
and Italy to attend a meeting in this
city, where written reports on the
desperate food situation were read:
Grave as this message was," said
Mr.. McAdoo, "the situation as pre-
sented orally was much worse" 1t
was stated that the rations of the
Italian army had been reduced twice
and the French army once; that if
food was not Immediately rushed to
Europe, starvation would overtako
the civil population; that the armies
could not be adequately supported and
that defeat would inevitably result.
There was but one way" continued
the 'ex-railroad official. "to get the
necessary food supplies to the sea-
board and that was to do one of the
most drastic things ever done in the
history of American railroading -
send empty cars from the east to the
west with all possible speed and re-
gardless OF cost and bring them back
as swiftly as possible loaded with
the necessary food supplies.
"The greatest heresy in railroad
management is to haul a. car empty
when it can be loaded" said Mr.. NC
Adoo. But the order was given for
priority, to box cars. sEPractically ev-
erything was sidetracked as the
streams Of empties started westward,
in charge of the workers who stood
at their posts throughout the storms
and blizzards Of that winter, "'suffer-
ing" declared the speaker, from ex-
posure and overwork,' that food
might be rushed to the eastern sea-
board.
Mr.. McAdoo answered the claim
that government control of railroads
has created deficit of 100000, 200
with this statement:
'"The $200,000.o00 deficit represents
only three and one-third days ex-
penditures of the government, and yet
I venture to say that the results OBJ
tanned by the $200,000,000 expended
on railroad operation produced great
er results than any like amount OF
money expended by the governm en-,
throughout the entire period Of the
war;"
The labor world., 1919-07-12

tiality for peace and prosperity than
ever before. ,
The period of readjustment will
soon be passed. Factories every
where are "tooled up" for peace time
production.
We have a home market greater
than that Of all South America. "Ade-
quate wages mean adequate purchas-
ing power of our people.
No Mr.. Mason. your "solution'' won't
solve. Your plan points straight to
return of the economic serfdom''
from which, American workers have
escaped. There is no safe. road to-
wards such return.
All over the United States men of
great hearts and brains are working
out practical plans for the re-employ-
ment and re-establishment of the re-.
turning soldiers. sr%, :.
Their ideas, and ideals are worthy
of the best citizenship Of great ma
ton. = e =
The idea of using returned soldiers
to create q surplus Of labor, cause in
dustrial unrest, strikes and upheavals
lower the standard Of life,, is unworthy
and not in accord with high ideals of
Americanism with which our return
ing heroes are imbued
The labor world., 1919-07-12
G0MPERS SAILS FOR EUROPE l..
T0ATTENDLABoR CONGRESS
Accompanied by D. T. Tobi, President Of 7eamsteis unon
They Go Pledged to League o'Natons and 1lFghtFor
Participation in World Meeting, :: !.

WASHINGTON, D. c., July o-Daniel j. Tobin president
Ieamsters union has ben selected by the American
trade union which July
President Gomper and Mrs. Tobn will on uv
II from New York. ::.. ~
In addition labor attitude to-
ward the labor to be held Washington
erdam congress probably will decide question moving the inter-
national headquarters from Berlin with probability the seat Of
the League of Nations will be selected city,
Carl Legen secretary Of the International
will undoubtedly be succeeded by representative allied or
neutral nation
Guy OYSTER who accompanied the last American
ons abroad will secretary to the coming
When the international labor opens session
second in Importance to the will be
Just fact makes this coming Amsterdam
class
This is the big fact: ~ - Z: >.::*
The Amsterdam will discuss and upon
labor
of the League of Nations machinery
If the Amsterdam should decide
national labor that could
The made delegates organized
employers and Governments have
employers oneour and labor refuse to
delegates thing congress as the
The labor world., 1919-07-12

termined to do all they can to keep it
that, in fact. to extend freedom to the
end that all men shall be free-politi-
.cally,. economically and industrially.
They do not like such ideas as ex-
pressed by Mr.. Mason. They will not
submit to any condition that will call
for a lower standard of living.
There will be no move toward low
ering the living level that will not
meet with tremendous resistance.
Returning soldiers are in great
measure on the alert. They are in
receptive mood and learn rapidly.
A surplus Of soldier labor used as a
means to lower the standard of Ameri-
can life is a poor substitute for a So
luton of the tremendous problems
that confront the nation today.
A determined stand will be. made
against any encroachments on the rel
ative wage-a wage adequate to
maintain a reasonable standard of
Nfe"' and it will, in America be con-
tinually improved standard.
That wage must be at all times rela-
tive to the cost Of living. and any at
tempts to- arbitrarily force the work.
ers below, the living line will be provo
cative of disastrous results. I
America today has a greater poten-
The labor world., 1919-07-12

per cent and far below normal and
reasonable level
Returning soldiers are in no mood
to endure additional hardships such
as unemployment and reduction of
wages in the face Of rising cost of
living.
It. is part of my daily duties to
come into close personal contact with
thousands of these men. I met many
of them within a few hours of dis
embarkation and know their sent
ment.
These are the REAL MEN who,due
and toiled and sweat and bled-and
won the war.
There is no organization holding
these men together in thought. Their
expressions are free and spontaneous.
They are not trammelled mentally by
any mechanism for molding for them
collective ideas-they are free and in
dependent in thought and. after dis
charge will be free of action.
have been watching these men
closely in my daily contact with them.
They are most wonderful in their new
aspect. On the surface they appear
light hearted and there is such a
splendid new buoyancy and hopeful
ness that would be we'll for the
country were 1t maintained. There Is
The labor world., 1919-07-12

will bring to the school board al
breath of fresh air from the shop
and office girls whose educational
needs she can be depended upon to
look after.
w. E. Towne. labor candidate, Is a
member of Duluth Typographical
union. Of which organization he was
president for two years. Mr.. Towne
was member Of the committee that
worked out plan by which students
in the high schools studying printing
would get credit on their apprentice
ship should they decide to become
printers after leaving school. He has
always taken deep interest in school
matters.
John Goodwin, labor candidate, Is
a member of the Bricklayers' union.
He is an honest, conscientious man
yiao is usually on the right side on
all public questions. He can be de-
pended upon to render good and
faithful service if he is elected as
board member.
The labor candidates were selected
to run at conference neld Dy Quly
re elected delegates from 35 local unions.
They have no lakes to grind,' and
they are after no mans scalp. They
believe. that labor is entitled to it's
just representation on the school
board; they stand for the public
school system and its progress; they
believe in living salaries for teach
ers and other school employees; they
- want vocational training developed
beginning in the grades; they advocate
that the school buildings be put to
the greatest popular use; they are
opposed to favoritism in any form
and they pledge themselves if Sc
lected to completely democratize the
schools and the school board.
An attempt was made last week to
line up r. J. Coole, Mrs. Emil M.
Erickson and w. E. Towne with John
L. Morrison on an anti-Hoke ticket,
out the labor candidates quickly re-
pudiated the slate. They are not
seeking election for spoils They are
lot unfriendly to Superintendent
rake. Indeed Mr.. Coole is said to be
IN ardent admirer Of the superin-
- endent since he has had an oppor-
unity to observe the good work he
las been doing in our schools.
The labor world., 1919-07-12
NO SUCH THING
-AS:'!'0PEN SHOP
Without Collective Bargaining
Factory Or Shop is Either
Union or Non Union.

CHICAGO, July 10. - George w.
Cushman, president of the Cushman
Tool company, announces that his is
an "open" shop, and that any en-
ploye discovered agitating in favor
Of trade unionism twill be removed
from the pay roll.''
In its comment on this statement
the Weekly News Letter, official pa
per Of the Illinois Federation of La
Dor gives this analysis of "open
shop" pretense:
"There is no such thing as an open
shop. A shop is either a union shop
or non-union shop. The open shop
theory, as advanced by employers
generally, leaves the impression that
the worker is free to join a. labor
union if he so desires. After stat
ing that his plant would be run on
an open shop basis he proceeds to
notify the workers that any tndivid-
ual or group of men would be imme-
diately removed from the pay roll
should they in any way agitate or at
tempt to organize the employees. He
does not mean to run his shop on an
open shop basis even according to the
employers theory of an open shop,
which they generally advertise as
meaning union and non-union work.
men being employed in the same
shop.
The labor world., 1919-07-12
BOAT WAS NAMED
after A. F. OF l.,
Launched at Hog Island and
Was Built Throughout by
Union Members,
PHILADELPHIA, July II

PHILADELPHIA, July 10. - The
"Afel," the thirty-ninth boat con-
structed at the Hog Island shipyards
was launched under unusual circum-
stances. The boat was named after
the American Federation Of Labor
because of the able support given
the government by union labor in
the World war" The name of the
boat is the cable code address of the
American Federation of Labor.
International Secretary-T Treasurer
Sara A. Conboy, of the United Tex
tile Workers of America, acted as
sponsor for the boat and the launch
ing was in charge of a committee of
organized ship builders. President
Gompers was the principal speaker.
"This is an .epoch-making day for
me, and why should it not be-" said
the A. F. of L., executive. II well
remember the day when I and what
I stood for were despised and hated
by every one who possessed one dol
lar more than the laboring people,
who had organized.
And today this wonderful ship
carrying our name the name of our
organization, starts on it's career. It
will carry that name to all the peoples
of the earth, and with it the ship will
carry our hopes of a new day and a
new civilization.
What does this change mean? It
means that the employers have come
to understand that cooperation is the
only solution. of the mutual problem.
have not changed. We have not
changed. We stand today for the
same ideals and principles for which
we stood when the American Fedora
ton of Labor was first formed. The
change has come about in the hearts
and minds Of our opponents. And it's
result is the launching of this mag
nificent ship by a great corporation
under the auspices of the govern
ment.n -
The labor world., 1919-07-12

~ Cdty AAIc11uS H.
If the International labor congress
is broken up: because Of labor's re-
fusal to participate the: machinery
of the League of Nations will sustain
q rupture that will: at best be Sc
we're. Thus: the Amsterdam congress
becomes OF, the utmost moment to
the world III general, as wen as to
labor in particular. =
The American Federation. Of La
bor .sas the result Of action taken
in the Atlantic City convention, is
firmly committed to the support Of
the Peace Treaty, to. the labor: Sec
tion of the: treaty and to the inter-
national labor congress. American
labor has maintained firm and con-
sistent position since March: IL, 1917
when, before America entered the
war, it adopted the declaration that
has grown in value and gained IN
fame with every day that has passed.
However, European labor has not
in all cases a record Of such strength
of purpose. 1t has wabbled and
twisted, going through all the con-
volutions Of emotional pacifisn and
intellectual weakness. -
The probability is that American
Labor will go to Amsterdam to en-
counter much the same Kind of an
impossiblist wall that it. has en-
countered on previous visits: There
are indications that such will be the
case. American labor is going over
the ocean to fight one more battle
for reason and for-the progress of
democracy through permanent peace.
Samuel Gompers will lead the fight
this time as he has led it before.
If he comes back successful he will
have crowned his former achieve
,ments with final effort that history
may write down as the greatest of
all. For in this conflict at :Amster-
dam the machinery of the League Of
Nations is going to get its first real
test Who can say what will hap
pen to it If the scholastic and theor-
etical politicians Of the European La
Dor movement. with their. record Of;
wartime equivocation back. of them
refuse to, play their part in the build;
ing of the great League of Nations.
structure? 80 g - - - ". -
Samuel Gompers and his colleagues
will enter a most momentous session
on July 2 s.. If human, power can
do it, Samuel~Gompers--a and his col
leagues will bring out Of that session
victory for humanity and a. sane and
sound position for world labor:
The labor world., 1919-07-12
SITS DOWNWARD
ON TOM bLANT ION
B|eating Congressman From
Texas Given Just Rebuke
In Employment Vote.

WASHINGTON, July 1o.-Repeat-
ed attacks by. Congressman Blanton
on the United States employment SER
vice and organized labor has begun, to
pail on the members of the house,
and when the Texas law maker at
tempted to defeat small appropria-
ton to the employment service he
was flattened out by a vote of 1S8 to
l.. Congressman Nolan, Of California.
a member Of the labor group. applied
the term "liar" to witnesses that Con-
gresham Blanton used in his attack
against the employment service. The
Texas congressman denied the charge
but, the California trade unionist was
supported by other members of the
committee on labor that investigated
the case.
Newspaper correspondents will
probably now seek other sensations
since the Blanton novelty has served
it's purpose.