davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
Mr.. Wilson in Siberia.

1t was testified before the House
Committee on Foreign Affairs on
Saturday that there are approx
mately $500 drafted men with the
American forces in Siberia who will
be returned to this country as soon as
troops now on the way to relieve them
arrive, and that after their departure
1000 men who do not want to stay
there will be obliged to await the COM
ing Of soldiers to replace them.
Whether these 1000 men volunteered
or were drafted is not made clear.
The committee has decided to call
Secretary of State LANSING and Secre-
tary of War BAKER before 1t this
week in an effort to find out why
American troops are in Siberia, what
they are doing and how long they
are to stay. 1t should insist on specific
answers to Its questions
When the men We're sent to Siberia it
was supposed they were to oppose the
Bolsheviki as a part of our war
against Germany. On reaching their
posts their orders from Washington
were of such a nature that they could
give very little military help to the
anti-Bolshevik forces, and their prin-
cipal work seems to have been that
Of railroad guards. At the hearing in
Washington last week the delega ton
from Chicago asserted that instead of
acting as soldiers the men had been
assigned to duty as railroad workers
on the lines which the American Rail-
road Commission is supervising.
There must be laborers enough in
Siberia to maintain the railroads. 1t
should not be necessary to detail
American troops to repair their
roadbeds and tracks. Guarding them
may be a function of the United
States Army. Whether 1t is depends
on our purpose toward Russia and
the authority under which the troops
are kept in Siberia.
The situation Of the American SOL
diers in Siberia from all accounts is
highly unsatisfactory 1t illustrates
the failure of President WILSON to
deal with the Russian problem in a
way to meet the needs of Russia or Of
the United States, and 1t empha sizes
the obscurity which envelops his dip
lomatlc and military policy in dealing
with the Bolsheviki.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
1900, 900 American Women in Calm
full Occupations.

According to the Department of
Labor 100000 women are now en-
gagged In gainful occupations in the
United States, a number estimated by
the department officials to be "about
normal" The number of individuals
thus employed may be taken roughly
as something more than 10 per cent.
Of the population. The great extern
sion Of opportunities for women work
ers caused by the war drew many Of
them to new tasks, and at present
there is complaint from large en-
ployers that they cannot hire women
in such numbers as they wish.
The lot Of the working women has
been greatly improved in recent years.
Legislative enactments for their pro-
lection have reached a stage of COM
prehenslveness in which some of them
feel they are too much restricted.
Laws regulating hours and conditions
of labor are constantly subject to re-
vision, and such revision practically
always results in the application OF
new rules to prevent the exploitation
Of women by greedy, ignorant or care
less employers.
The theory that women workers are
commonly anxious to escape from the
necessity Of employment Is not borne
out by the experience of most en-
ployere. Increased family prosperity
does not inevitably result in the
daughters quitting the jobs they took
originally to contribute to the family
income. The money they earn they
use for their own purposes. The
possession of earned incomes gives
them feeling of independence they
would not otherwise have. and the de-
sire for independence stimulates their
ambition to remain at work.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
The AIbanians Ask Our Aid.

Albania has the misfortune of sew
eral other small, weak European coun-
tries of having an advantageous geo.
graphical situation; her rugged noun
tains are key to the western Bal
kans, her rocky coast line opens at
Durazzo and Valona to form two of
the best harbors Of the Adriatlc Sea.
Her people are virile, steadfast
race; otherwise they could not have
survived centuries of persecution and
kept up their spirited struggle for
freedom. 1t is from the representa-
.tives of these sturdy people at the
Peace Conference the appeal comes
to the United States for protection
against the imperialism" Of their
neighbors.
The nelghbors referred to are the
Serbs, as part of Jugo-Slavia, the
Greeks and Italians. All Of these
would PROFESSIONALLY dlsclaim any
imperialishc designs In Albania. Eu-
AOpCi IL AoAli hoo DCSh lhSAluSu W lOOh
upon Albania since the overthrow of
the Turkish rule as a sort of No
Mans Land and a territory where
'the picking was good" with the
chances In favor Of the first occupant.
The present encroachment is not the
result of the war; 1t Is merely the
continuation of an unsettled question
that had its inception at the Berlin
conference when BISMARCK declared
There is no Albanian nationality"
Italy has always looked upon the pos
session Of Valona as necessary to her
control Of the Adriatlc. Greece has
perslstently claimed southern Albania
as n part of her Epirotic provinces.
Serbia gathered In the regions of
Prlsren, Ochrlda and Dibra after the
last Balkan war.
Albania was fought over IN the
war; the northern part of the coun-
try was occupied by the Austrlans,
and the Albanians Joined with the
Italians in recovering 1t from the in
vaders. A regiment of Albanians
served with the Allies on the Mace
DOMAIN front. What the Albanians
ask now Is the restoration to them of
their own land and a chance to estab-
lish a government which shall repre-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
May the Best Birdmau win,

The rivalry between American and
Canadian airmen in the New York
Toronto race, which begins at 8 O'Clock
this morning, should make 1t one Of the
most instructive as well as one of
the most interesting contests in
aeronautics that has been arranged.
The course covers 1910 miles, a dis
lance sufficiently long to test the dura.
bility of any plane.
The conditions allow the fiers to
use any kind of heavier than air
machines, SO that comparisons be-
tween the performances Of numerous
types may be made, and the handi.
caps are arranged to make sure the
winner must get all that can be got
out Of his engine.
The Army will be represented in
the flight by number of airmen, who
will not, however, compete for any
prize, as this is contrary to military
regulations They will be able to
demonstrate the progress which has
been made In military flying in this
country since the spring Of 1917, when
our aerial forces were negligible.
1t is an interesting fact that this
sporting test is made while other
Army flers are watching from on
high for bandits south Of the interna-
tional boundary. Mans conquest Of
the air is only beginning, but he has
already made wonderful progress in
his new art.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
PATENT OFFICE REFORM.
Should Something Like q Copyright
Replace the Present Systemi :.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: Tho
National Research Council has given
out the statement that II has APP
pointed committee TO look into the
advisability Of reforming the patent
system"
II the committee merely confines it's
efforts to reforming the patent system
as Il now stands II will not In my opin-
ioil serve any useful purpose. The pres
emit system is a viruIent and wasteful
evil, and to try to reform an evil Ia
a waste Of time and EFFORT.
Tho solution to the patent system evil
is to abolish Il altogether and institute
instead n system similar to the copy
right system. Under the present regime
a man gets up an invention and applies
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
GOVERNMENT BY CAPRICE.
The League OF Nations a Reversion
to Persian Methods.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sr: In
presenting the covenant of the League OF
Nations to the United States Senate our
Peace Commissioner Is asking that body
to substitute a government Of caprice for
one of laws: to cast aside the expert
ences Of thousand years and revert to
Persian methods in government
When the Magma Charta was signed
by King John the principle was estab-
lished that there were certain things
the sovereign could not do. True, the
rulers OF England did not live up to this
high ideal OF self government, but on the
other hand It was never really forgotten.
Later the Petition of Rights and the
Bill Of Rights firmly established the
principle in the so called English Consti-
tuition.
When the American Constitution was
being framed the members of the con-
vention wished to profit by the expert
ences of the mother country. Sover-
eighty should no longer rest with a sin
gle individual but with the majority OF
the people. But the majority, like the
kings. should be restrained from doing
certain things.
The majority was not going to be able
to do that which It chose to do simply
because It was the majority, but 1t was
to be limited to those acts which were
right as the Founders saw the right. The
Government OF the United States was
not to be a government OF caprice but
one based on righteousness and justice.
A constitution was framed to be our
hA nf he
periences of a thousand years, replaced
personal whim in government.
Now, as David Jayne Hill writes in
the North American RevteU for July:
''If the aim of the League OF Nations
were justice rather than power 1t would
make an appeal which would be hard to
disregard. 1t is based upon the idea of
enforcing peace by the use Of power and
not of securing peace by the organiZa-
ton Of justice. The council of the league
does not promise to be any moro Just
than the conference which organized It /;
and that conference has found 1t possible
to be unjust by refusing to return to
China a rich possession taken from her
by force. the Shantung Peninsula. II
China's strength were equal to her right
the conference would not have done this
wrong"
Accepted international law cast aside,
Justice thrown in the scrap heap and
orders Of the council based mostly on
might rather than justice substituted
The sovereign power Is not limited 20
paths OF justice. but 1t may go wherever
within, caprice and power may carry IT,
Tha funda m antal nrtncinlea % th. Ton
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
,ent their people ana Interests. Their

cent their people and interests. Their
unfortunate experience with the
Prince Of WED has determined them
against another trial with an Euro
pean princeling. 1--WE would have
Jared better under one Of our own
begs" Ibeysl, they said. There is no
doubt this is true.
Despite BIsMAncK's statement there
is an Albanian nationality. The AL
banians are unquestionably the oldest
OF the Balkan races; they have more
clearly marked racial characteristics
than any Of the southern Euro
pean people, principally on account
Of their long isolation and their years
of intermarriage. They have been
for centuries the chief Inhabitants
OF the rather limited territory that
they claim. No people In Europe could
more completely fill the requirements
of the racial doctrine laid down by
MIR. WILSON. They appeal to the United
States because they know America
through the schools It has established
In Albania, the relief 1t has given to
Albania In the past, the homes 1t
has furnished Albanian refugees, and
because they know that the United
States is not seeking territory or
political advantages. And further
more they know there is no power for
protection Of their territory or of their
government in the projected League
of Nations.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
The Proposed Covenant Would Not
BE Able to Prevent War.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Str:
AMI sending the following quotation al
a sane and sound reason why no league
Of nations is worth the consideration
OF the American people; all history hal
proved 1t true:
War must be
while men are what they are; while
they have bad
Passions to be rousd up; SYhiie ruled
by men:
While all the powers and treasures of
Are at the beck of the ambitious
crowd;
While injuries can be innicted or
Insults offer'd; yea. while rights are
worth
Maintaining. freedom keeping or life
having.
So long the sword shall shine. 20 long
shall war
Continue and the need OF war remain.
-BdHev'S "Festps."
Americanism alone for America
New YORK, August %. RAINEr.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25

Park Commissioner HENNEssY OF
The Bronx has asked the City Magis-
trates to impose heavier penalties
than has been the custom on persons
convicted OF abusing the lawns and
shrubbery in the city parks. His re-
quest is a proper and reasonable one.
There is no excuse for the destruction
a few vandals work in these public
breathing places. which should be
beauty spots, but are frequently turned
into eyesores by inconsiderate or
vicious visitors. The Magistrates ap-
pear to have been lenient with Of
tenders of this class; in 106 cases in
which convictions were obtained fines
amounting to only $l65 were collected.
Vandalism goes to the extent of the
cutting down Of fine trees, an offence
that should be severely punished.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
A Former Democrat who Is for Amer.
icanism, Not Internationalism.

To TIVE Fnrror OF THE Sr,N--Sir MAY
I not" as a former Democrat. say
few words in appreciation of the policy
of sterling Americanism which has char
acterized the attitude OF THE SUN
throughout the League Of Nations con-
trcyersy,
Senator Lodge has made the issue
very clear. 1t is Americanism against
internationalism. Either we must abap-
dor forever the policy of washington
and Of Monroe which has made Amer
lea the greatest single force for right
eous peace IN all the world. or we must
repudiate forthwith the monstrous COW
enant that would nullify our power for
GOOD and enmssh us hopelessly in the
snAres and intrigue. of Old World
dinlomacy
America alone of all the nations con-
,titp.,nz the pronosed League has moth
ing IN ra,n and everything TO lose from
such an entanxIement We have NO
venouishea ne,ghbor whose wrath we
fear nor ar, we mistress Of n crum-
Hing enon,re who's. integrity we wish
10 have underwritten. II need be. in the
vhole worlds blood. We are preem-
,nen.lv able 70 take care of ourselves,
and we ask nothing from Europe save
It's dislnterested and not too intimate
friendship.
Americas great power for good. as
Senator Lodge so clearly pointed out,
rests in her detachment; In her ability
n render disinterested judgments which
N. ,yor,d AZ once recornizes as fair
- ,--.,.,
America. the strong, fearless and IN
derendent nation. has welded and will
cortinue In WELD a power for world
400. ard r,gbtaousnaas that America.
IN. sphstats ~ n sunsrsovereien league.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25

lions which, feeling that under no
circumstances could their lot be made
worse, were ready to try any scheme
suggested to better their condition.
The distribution Of supplies to sustain
them until the harvest of this year
is credited with having averted many
dangerous uprlsings.
The Relief Administration an
nounced in May that It's work would
be finished by August 1. Its Offices
in Prague, Vienna, Warsaw and other
cities were closed some time ago.
The present situation may be Judged
by the fact that the Rumanian bu-
reau in Bern figures that Rumania
will have 100000 carloads Of cereals
to export from the present harvest,
which is now coming into market.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
Ebert Becomes German President.

Old Welmar drops back into the
somnolence of Its prewar 6sys as the
sanctuary Of German art and litera-
ture and to its dreams Of GOETHE and
SCHILLER. 1t has had six feyerlsh
months as the capital OF the German
republic; the Assembly hall is closed
and all the political paraphernalia has
been packed up and sent away to the
archives Of the new Reichstag at Ber-
lin, which now becomes again the
capital of the German nation. Herr
FEHRENBAcH, the President Of the AS
sembly, waves his adieu, Farewell,
Weimar! Our principal task here
was the Constitution and the inaugu-
ration Of comprehensive legislation"
The closing ceremonies for weimar
and the Inauguration OF the compre-
hensive legislation referred to by
Herr FEHRErBAcH was the admins
tration Of the oath Of Office to FRED
ERIcK EBERT rs the Imperial Presi-
dent. Herr EBERT was chosen provis-
ional President at an early meeting Of
the Assembly; he now becomes the
first President Of Germany. The stage
was set to give an air Of impressive
ness and democratic simplicity to the
proceedings: the organ pealed as the
Presidential party entered the Assem-
bly, hall, the tribune was decked with
flowers and band played in the
square before the building.
Democracy was the keynote; Herr
FEHRENBAcH said in his address to
the new President:
You come from the people. and
therefore you will ever be o faithful
friend Of the working people, to
whom you have devoted your life"
Herr EBERr's reply was as simple
and direct:
This must remain to US II we
desire to rebuild tho fatherland-
deep love for the homeland and the
tribe out OF which each of us sprang.
and to this must be Joined sacred
labor for the whole and the placing
of ones self In the empires service.
Every contradiction between the
whole and the individual States van
ishes there.
THE essence OF our Constitution
shall above all DO freedom. but all
freedom must have its law. This you
have now established. We will
jointly hold on to it. 1t will give us
strength to testify for the new vital
principle of the German nation-free-
dom and right"
This Is as clear q statement of high
purposes and noble ideals as the well
wishers of Germany could ask. "Pres-
ident EBERT's speech evoked loud ap-
plause," says the report. More i'm
portant for the future OF Germany is
It's reception by the nation, that great
body of people who were not within
the sound of his voice.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
ton Of the railroads. whichever
method Is adopted one thing Is sure !:
The naorIo x.,iit ,,ay tho htii

ton Of the railroads. Whichever
method Is adopted one thing Is sure !:
The people will pay the bill.
Higher freight rates will of course
add to the cost Of doing business
These costs the general public must
pay In increased prices for food, cloth
ing and all the other things 1t con-
sumes. If the higher cost Of trans
portation is met by the appropriation
Of money from the national treasury
to meet the deficits of Government
railroad operation the people will
have to pay in taxes, directly, as In
the income tax, or indirectly, as
through such taxes as that on to-
bacco.
1t was because any increase in pay
granted to railroad employees must
be paid by the people that the Wilson
Administration was anxious to put the
responsibility on Congress. But as
Congress had given to the President
full power to meet such situation It
properly refused to intervene In this
crisis and the full consequences Of
whatever action Is taken will rest, as
they should, on the shoulders of the
Wilson Administration.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
The Sun Calendar
THE WEATHER,

For eastern New York-I,nse,,.,
with probably local showers in sa,''t'
portion Tomorrow fair and ooS1.l eh
moderate west to northwest winds 'er'
For New Jerssy--showsrs and thnr,..
storms to-day; cooler: fair to-morsnII
moderate west to northwest wind, 'OW,
For New Ensland-Showers nj Al,
derstorms to-day; fair and cooler 10 nun nun
row; moderate to fresh southwest tt IN NOR.
winds. " west
For western New York-Partlv o,..,-
to-day; fair tomorrow; moderate "a u,oudy
west to northwest winds W ifeh
WASHINGTON, August 24.--pra,.nr..,
fallen decidedly in the upper obio Ne mas
the middle Atlantic states and tn, pSr,S y,
the middle st. Lawrence VALLEY, W over
creased intensity. Pressure continue IN IN.
over the Northwest. During the T is.,
storms have occurred in the Gu,t " siN
the middle Mississippi and Ohio ysn.es'
the lower lake region and the north ~
nounsrx ,ss aisSewhsre throughout the
iar. Temperatures have fallen durinS ~,
last twenty-four hours over the faka rss. ths
snd thence southwestward to Colorado an
Of the middl. Gulf States. El, eufSion
ehsnnaa the country temperate,
iook is for showers and thundsr,tOO,uaI..
Monday in the Atlantic and east ''V GSl,
states and on Tuesday In the east GSi,
throughout the country east OF the N.,,s
sippt River the weather will be Fen.,sli.
iar: IL Will be somewhat cooler Monday
ana In the Ohio Valley. sA'a
Observations at United States w.a,A..
Bureau stations taken at p M ve.,asS se
seventy-hfth meridian time: 's'H''
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
EVENTS TO-DAY.

Convention. Catholic Young Mems Ne.
tional Union. Hotel Vanderbilt, sessions 10
A. ". and p. VI.
Convention. Equitable Life Assurance
Society Agency Clubs. WaldoEf-As
sessions o A. NJ. and 2 p. NJ.
American National Association OF Mas.
ters of Dancing, Hotel Astor. sessions 80
A. M, AIS p. M. s P. N.
Convention, Garment salesmen's Associa-
ton. Hotel Breslin. 10 A ~
Convention, Union Shoe Workers o.
America. Broadway Central Hotel. session.
10 A. NJ. and 2 p. NJ.
Sixty-seventh annual convention NG.
tional Associa tion of Boards OF Pharmaey,
Hotel Pennsylvania.
American Pharmaceutical Association, Of
afternoon.
American Conference of PharmaceutieA.
Faculties, Hotel Pennsylvania.
American National Exhibition, Waldorf
Astoria
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-25
SALE OF Won TIRPI7Z
BOOK Is WITHHELD
Suppression of Former Grand
Admiral's Memoirs Causes
Stir in Berlin.
By the Associated PreSs.

BERLIN, Aug. 20 (delayed) The off,
cial telegraph agency is sending out
statement to the effect that the memoirs
of former Grand Admiral Won Tlrpitz for
the present will be withheld from sale,
Just what has happened to cause SUP.
preston of the keenly awaited rev.
Citations ct the former Grand Admkal
was a matter OF active speculative COM
ment in Berlin to-day. inasmuch as e1-
tracts of the book sent to neutra! eapi'
tails and the United States from Berlin
are known to be bona hde excerpts OF
the first completed copies OF the volume
arriving here from a Leipzig publishing
house.
1t Is believed that the Government and
the political and professional trends
of Won Tirpitz have succeeded in PEI
suading him to withdraw the volume
for which the bookshops are already
taking orders and which was TO have
appeared the middle of this month
Meanwhile the friends OF Won Triple
are on an active hunt for copies when
may have escaped from the Leipzig pup
fishing plant, which. II Is claimed. mas
already sent out several review copies
A review OF the Won Tirpitz book W3'
cabled from Berlin and published J"
THE SUN on August 6. Apparently NE
author devoted a large part OF Ms 'o
ume to arguments In an attemnt TO sh9"
that Japan could have ended the war
In 1915 and also in 1916 by gesture
and perhaps in favor OF GERMANY
that Immediately before the war Ger
many had loaned money 10 Japan M.-
the relations between the two powers
were such that even after July, l'lt' IN
agreement between them could raw
been reached as, he asserts. 'Jai'n p-,
out feelers toward us. but our d'H'.na.}I
either did not understand or else is--'''
to excite Anglo-SaXon feeling
He described the Japanese as 4 I'l.
tive people" inordinately fond or P'".e,
and very grasping. but he points o..
would be madness for them 10 "a,
with America over the South sea 80,
or the question OF racial honor. -
probably will remain the chile POM a.,
friction between Japan and AneT',"1'. 80
China will not allow herself 70 oe I'''
further of her markets" .,s
1t Is probable that 1t Is t0eSe ',.,,S
in regard TO Japan, very r'1l.'' "a
the German viewpoint an 'Ni','T
with brutal frankness, "HN' ~
caused the suppression Of the boon a.,
present German Government .', .,,t.
a most friendly and cons'ae-7'e
tude toward Japan since the iJ-t nc, an.
ing OF the peace conference in f"I ~
parently with the idea that :.
occurred there Germany misRl -' ="
nositiop IN nroft nv IL 4