davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10
I Disastrous Lesson

The lesson of pacifism in China has
been disastrous. Famine, drouth,
pestilence and massacre perpetrated
by outlaws, soldiers and men Of
other creeds than the average Chi
nese have destroyed more lives an
nually than any warfare prior TO
1914. The TAPPING Rebellion of the
last century is estimated to have
caused the deaths of forty millions
of people, while every year the de-
structon by food, famine, disease
and disorders runs into millions.
Some modern Chinese boasted that
their revolution, resulting in the
overthrow of the Manchus in 1911.
was bloodless, and it is true that the
losses of life in battle between the
opposing military forces was small.
but the massacres that resulted of
women and children as we'll as men,
and the series of disasters that fol-
lowed the revolution, were extensive.
Under the old system of education
examinations we're held annually in
each of the provincial capitals and
at definite periods in greater CEN
tres. like Peklng and Marking. The
latter Yangtze Valley city, formerly
the capital Of China, was the gath
ering place actually of hundreds of
thousands of competitors. They
came by boat, small and large, by
train, by cart, by donkey, horse and
mule, by sedan chair. by wheelbar-
row, on foot, and on the backs of
other pfeM Some were the soas Of
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10

absurdity. 1t was as if American
schools taught the Bible, Shake
speare and Milton, to be memorized
to the exclusion of all other learning,
and that the scholar who had the best
memory should receive the highest
honors. Not only were minds I'M
paired and free independent think
ing sthed, but physical constitu-
tlonS were ruined with the terrible
"crammlng" Of words rhat resulted
from the system of competitive eX-
amnations for office. the govern
ment awarding positions Of dis
tlnctlon, power and compensa ton to
the students according to their
achievements in memory and style
IN handwriting. Unfortunately. this
system of awards is now to some eX-
tent transferred to graduates of the
American and English colleges, who
though they may be able as students,
are not necessarily qualified to hold
government office.
The dominant theme in fiction in
China IS the romance of the poor
coolie, the lowest class of laborer.
who by thrift and study succeeded
IN passing the highest examinations,
and became eventually adviser to the
Emperor The European love story
is incompehenshle to the Chinese
who has not passed through a Eu-
ropean school or spent many years
among Europeans or Americans.
Along with the old-style education
went also a contempt for manual
labor. No gentleman worked He
wore long fingernails as evidence
that he was man of letters rath-
er than toier. Confucius ad-
vocated pacifism to the last de-
gree, and the Chinese scholar was in
deed too proud to fight Neglect of
his body made him finally unable to
defend himself except by means Of
hired bodyguards, who were brutes
properly held in utter contempt
This bodily Incidence. accompanied
by lack Of sanitary knowledge and
undertaking from poverty, resulted
in the spread of tuberculosis at a
terrible rate throughout the country,
until to-day the missionary hospitals,
which alone are doing the medical
work, are unable to combat the dis
ease, and it is believed to be the case
that, though childbirth is unre-
stricted, the population nevertheless
has been steadily decreasing for the
last century, Although the average
child bearing wife is said to bring
into the world from fifteen to
twenty children, only an average of
two or three of these reach the age
of maturity
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10

only sound reaching mis- car the noise
of water dripping from his subter-
ranesn root. the scamner OF rats across
the floor and the roar of hons enca ged
IN nearby zoo. After MS release he
vent 70 England, and lived there unti.
the revolution of 1917. When the
kerensAy government broke up lschai
kovsky joined the fight against the
BolsheVlki, and wss elected president
Of the North Russia Republic, which
Includes Archangel and has a popuia-
eion Of 1900, 900
He now IS ii London. seeking aid
against tire BolshevAi There re re
lated 70 an American newspaper man
the story Of his venture IN Kansas
farming.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10
Missionary Their Hope

1t Is remarkable change that. has
taken place in the attitude of the
older men, many Of whom, less than
twenty years ago, believed that the
ianatlcal Boxers could drive all for
elgners out of China, and desired
particularly to he rid Of the mission
sr'es. To-day the missionary scnool
'eacher IS the hope Of theix country.
he is not only their sole source of
educatlon, but is also an adviser,
supporter and ardent friend.
The change came after tie quick,
gnomlnlous defeat of the Boxers
Up to that time the Chinese ad-
aerent Of the missionary, whether
convert to Christianity or pupil in
me school, was the subject of de-
'Sion, contempt, and often suspicion.
Inc followers of the missionaries
we're almost universally ostracized.
'Hs was not the case in all the
"eaty ports, where Europeans and
americans had long been lodged and
aaa come TO be respected as we'll as
'eared, but in the interior cities and
throughout the vast country dis
''icts, as the memorable year 1900
Sao"ed, the life of the convert and
wat OF the missionary had come to
pe unsafe. Even in Tientsin and
'eAlng this was the case.
an Extraordinary system of educa-
''on then existed, system long out
oate' but regarded with almost
'a.iea veneration. So long had the
"f'elngs and sayings of Confucius
ven revered that that renowned
sasher of 1900 years ago had been
ee'aeo and q religion had been
~, sc1ed about his name. Confucius,
- epcius and other great thinkers Of
~ past were regarded in much the
@'ae manner as Mahometans regard
%s't prophet, as having given them
,'e last word on the laws of life.
."u tne work of the colleges was to
.sssh the rising generations of Chi
''cse the letters of those ancient
ages.
Inc system had degenerated into
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10

the foreign armies from coming to
China.
1t was with the Boxers that the
old school of education died in
China; but it took several years for
the people and the government to
realize the significance of then de
feat and to make up then minds to
throw over the old order. 1t was
not only in the matter of education.
of course, that the incfficicucY of
their antiquatcd systems had hccr
demonstrated to the Chinese. In
the army IN finance, in govern
ment and in many other matters.
the awakening came, but ia all
these things it was as with he
schools, only an awakening, with
out the ability to reconstruct and
reorganize. Lack of modern cdu-
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10

cation and scarcity Of modern
trained men were the bases Of their
failure. The comparatively small
number of well trained. modern
educated men has been so far an
able to overcome the downward
drag Of the ignorant millions and
their appalling poverty.
\ group of few men had IN
t1uence with the late Emperor, who
abolished the old system of educa
tion few wears before the end
came to the throne he occupied
BY imperial cdict modern sys-
tenn of education was proclaimed :.
but Ike so many other reforms in
China, little change was made. ex-
ccpt IN name. China herself had
not the teachers to begin the new
education, and little progress had
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10

gave I'D the effort Some Of them
ioined other Russian colonic= in Kan
saz but the leaders, including Tschal-
kovsky, went back to Russia TO carry
on the long grim fight for freedom
"A few of the older residents of
Cedarvale and the surrounding coun-
tryside remember the Russian colo
nists. They recall the brlliance Of
Tscha ikovshys mind, the education and
refinement which he and several others
OF the band possessed: and they recall,
TOO. the fervor and frequency OF tine
discussions the Slav colonists mad
their queer customs and their blttcr-
ness against religion. Thas old Chau-
tauQua County farmers, VINO hsve
grown rich on the farms neignbor-
ing those the communists once pos
sessed. shake their heads and smile
when they talk of Tscha ikovsky and his
dream of communist paradise.
hey had TOO many visions and
talked 100 much but they We're good
neighbors.' say these farmers
"Oil has Dcen struck not FAR from me
farm TschaikovsAy's colony once owned.
1t now is rich prize, both in agricut-
ural value and in its potential oil pos
slhilities
"Tschaikovsky, after his return TO
Russia, plunged into the fight against
the Romanoff oppression. He was one
Of the exiles wAo choked the Siberian
roads and endured the long agony Of
the prison camps in the SOS And in
1905 ne was imprisoned in the fortress
Of st. Peter and St Paul. living in soil.
tary confinement IN a dark cell with tn e
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10

the writing brush. To poems and
paintings the Emperors would give
a touch or two and affx the I'M
perial seal, thus stamping the works
of art as their own.
Upon the defeat Of the Boxers
and the Chinese armies associated
with them in opposing the Allies Of
1900, the Empress Dowager fed be
yond the Yellow River, then in
food, believing that that mighty
stream would prevent the Euro
peans, Americans and Japanese
from following her; but Yuan Shih-
k'al, who was not Scholar and two
or three others of her saner ad
vlsers, petitloned her TO come to
terms with the Allies, calling her
attention to. the fact that 5000
miles Of ocean had not prevented
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10
Another Russian Leader from america

Kansas required in those days.
"In the colony were tried some Of
the commanistic experiments with
which the Russian mind ever has been
enthralled. But the settlement was
new, the aroblems Of the pioneer
American farmer were unfamiliar 10
them, and they spent too much time
dreaming and arguing. SO after four
years OF effort the communistic colony
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10
aorking Back to
{ Confu,ciUs
Bv Frederick Moore

"A NONG the series of disas-
~ ters that have blighted the
( n Repubhc of China, and
left that country perhaps
rel to-day than she has ever
hsen .cfore, is the collapse of mod
srn education. There now exists in
the Chinese Empire nothing that can
no called a modern school system eX-
.apt what American and other mis-
s,onaries are conducting-admirable
xork which is bearing extraordinary
fruits, but which is totally made
saate for a state of more than three
hundred millions Of people.
Only a very small proportion Of
The children can he accommodated i'm
ne mission schools; only small pro
portion of the school children get
the chance to attend the colleges or
universities, few of which rank
higher than our city high schools.
and only small proportion of the
LITTER. q few hundred annually, have
the opportunity 10 come to America
81 England to complete their
studies
1t is pathetic, tragic, situation,
which only the Chinese themselves
ian mend. The problem is too diff
cult for any charitable organization
to undertake. Even the Rockefeller
Foundation, with its capital Of more
than hundred million dollars, was
APPALLED,. on Investigating the sltua
ion several years ago, and came to
The conclusion that at present, at any
tate, the work could not be under
taken.
Without modern education, of
course, China cannot be expected TO
take her place among the progress
Siye modern nations of the world
aplace which those Chinese VINO are
educated in American colleges so ar
IDENTIFY desire to see their country
take. 1t is almost with despair that
the old statesmen of the Mandarin
class, the men who governed China
with confidence up to a quarter Of a
century ago, have recently appointed
the returned students from America
to prominent Offices in the various
branches of the disorganized admin
lStratlon, hoping rather than believ-
ing that these young men, ineXperi-
~nced though they are, will be able to
save China from further disintegra-
ton.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10
Manual Labor Held
In ScOrn

who boasted that they never laborec
with their bodies, who wore lon1
fogernaiis and prided themselves in
the softness Of their muscles. are
c+. r.dcaVoring Ia acquire the
bodily strength and health they did
nj inherit.
The missionary school teachers
are great believers m the Chinese,
and they point TO the mary ellous
opium reform that has been
acheeed During Boxer days the
cities Of China recbed with the
o4c. II opi4m to-day i is difficult
lie detect the smell. The cultivation
and Use of the drug ale rot entirely
cTsdlcated. hu, il IS now a disgrace
to smoke. The missionaries largely
gave the inspiration, but the Cnlncse
themselves worked out the rcfo,rl.
persisting even throughout tbs
period Of the recent revolutions.
Gases Of opium discovered IN lne
country are gathered and pcrlodi-
eally burned IN open place amid
manifestations. with hands PLAYING
2nd speochmaklng intended TO
stimulate the people to further
efoli N reform and progress.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10
YE VALERA, the purportod
head of the Irish Rcpuh-
lic,' and Trotzky, the Rus

nCad OF the irish Eopuh-
lic," and Trotzky, the Rus
sian Bolshevist leader, were
not the only emigrants from the
United States to achieve distinction
in foreign lands. Nicholas Tschai-
kovsky, the North Russian Repub
he's venerable president, was once a
kansan, having lived near Cedarvale
IN that state in the '7Os. The fol-
lowing account of the provisional
governments head is reprinted from
The Kansas City Star:
schaikovsky, then twenty-four
years old, led a band of Russian com
munists to America in 1877. There
were twenty of the exiles. all we'll edu
Gated, all persons whose revolutionary
tendencies had brought upon them the
vengeance of the imperial Russian GOV
ernment.
The little band founded com
munlstic colony three miles cas-. of
Cedarvale. They owned $50 acres.
bough, with the scant funds thev we're
able to carry out of Russia in their
flight, and they leased another farm
near by They tried to grow hemp and
corn but their thoughts were TOO
much involved with the ills OF Rus.
sla for them to give the attention
to their farming that farming in
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10
English Is Gaining

The English language Is rov
sought by the Chinese people gen
orally. and because of the dlficul-
ties Of Their own sntlquated .crip-
many Of the technical schools are
teaching the Chinese only in Eng
lish- For instance. in medicine il
would oe necessary not only for rns
american doctors 70 learn Chinese
thoroughly. waicn 0ut q ccmparative-
IS small proportion OF Chinese them
ael1 C know, but 70 create ai,o an
entirely. new medical vocabulary.
he Chinese nae a pee CIT no
modern medical knowledge. a score
Of doctors educated in Eulopc or
America ami few score les veil
educated by missionary doctors IN
thina making up the totai o modern
Chinese medical men. lor tne ret
superstiuous quackerv tskes the
place OF medicine, hence the over
crowdne Of the average mission
hospital. Many mission surgeons IN
China opera.~ constantly. Ike sur-
geons at field ho>,itals d4rng great
tattlos performing many so-called
msi ior oporatior~ daily
Ire J -inehus COLLEGE situated
Us. outside the walls Of Peklng.
stands a. a monument 10 the sense
ri ianae and generasi'y Of the
United Statc- Il is Ire eo..eee
founded with the exec poltion Of
ne Bo.cr Indemnity ehich the
Ancr.e-a einmcHl, af.-r payag
ofi all 'osae. undergone b< American
stl-cu ~suntarrx relrned 10
Nhna nitt he understanding 1T
he uta lie utilized o. aa oducst aal
enaoN a7cn. Ihe eolege dlre .cl
n.- fuDnr e.s mass of nlolerr cla-a-
tloa ai~ a. relny in tfo DO. tioa $
ples.4ca. ard a large stsF Of Amer
iear tcaeaer. emp. i IN pre-
far'He puolis, who enter T.inrhua
bF comnotlt>e examination to pa
me amlnauons To- entry INTO
American colleges. From Tsngaua
several hundred student are brought
f. Amcuea annuaA.- ana scattered
throughout tho universities Of the
country Tins preparatory school is
Inc bet and most important edlc--
tlonai institution maintained by Inc
thncse government But without
the taft Of American teacher tnas
are maintained there. forming part
Of the facultH. the institution would
certainly degenerate Ike al other
Chinese fnstitut.on
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10
been made in 1911, when the 70
public was proclaimed.
cDD

been made in 1911, when the re
public was proclaimed
",th the republic came terrible
dlsintegratlon, which has hv no
means come to An end. Cio.ra
IS tor the moment united h. agree
ment Of the several factions for the
avo"ed purpose of presenting =
united front at the peace confer
ence IN Paris; hut rivalrlos Of the
modern educated men and tho lead
crs Of the old ;ype. the military
chefs who control the armies
(which are capable only Of fight
ing each otherl exist throughout
the country. Every year one o.,
more provinces proclaim their IN
dependence, sometimes to reioin
the general government later. some
times to remain out until AZ army
OF occupation arrives and recon
quers the capital with an accom-.
panlment Of massacre and plumber.
for Chinese soldiers arc suc!5
largely because Of the recognized
privilege Of loot
In such disorder. resulting ~ va.
tlal or complete failure Of the T.
system IN every province. the GOV
ernment schools have naturalr su'
fered. in places degenerating 10 i
worthless condition. in some dis
trlcts disappearing entirely. IN
stead of introducing new foreign
directors from Europe and Amer
lca, only small Numbers Of Japen-
ese teachers have remained and be-
cause of the hostility that exist
to the Japanese thoy arc not 70
garded as satisfactory instructors.
Many scholars arc sen. from
China annually to JaNan. cducation
being cheaper there than IN the
United States but To q loss degree
the same objection prevails against
Japanese schools and colleges -
against Japanese teachers in Chna
itself
There are several government
universities. the Pc.unc Govclnmoa,
University formerly the Imperial
University being the talkinr lr
stitutlon, though not perhaps as
good as that at Tientsin. The Po'-
Iang University Bvt there sro
lone that could be called satisfac-
tory As compared with the ordinary
good university in America or Eu-
rope Of which there are 50 man. \
ieW European and American in
structors are engaged al each Of the
several Chinese universities, out ars
generally hampered by absurd re.
strlctlons on political influences. A.
well as lack of funds. Gases are
frequent in Pehing OF instructors
being told they must pass certain
scholars regardless of their knowl
edge, and if the instructor refuses
the Chinese authorities assume the
rlght TO pass the scholar. or some
times whole class of scholars, de-
spite the 10" markings that the
American or European teachers
have seen fit to give their examina-
ton papers. Obviously, discipline,
which is lacking IN most Chinese
institutions, is absent in the Pcking
Government University itself
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10

china Without Modern tducaone Has Scood in the ore
OF onucius and Only Now Is Awakening Need Of lptoae
lhoghlhc Lesson Taught boy Noncssance Has Been Disastrous
New-York tribune., 1919-08-10

"A MONG the series of disas-
~ ters that have blighted the
( n Republic of China, and
left that country perhaps
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1919-08-07
LA AUTCRIDAD SABE DONDE
ESTA Ell OPIO, PERO NO
PROCEDE

CIUDAD DE MEXICO, Agosto 3.
La campaha ~emPrendida por los re-
tativos de esta capital contra Ia
venta ~clanGestina de sustanctas INTO
xicantes, especialmente de opio y
morfina, no ha dado el resuitade.
que Sc esperaba, saludable, en- VS.
Ia de que las autoridaGes no proce-
den al embargo de una inmensa can
lidad de opio que existe en- n DO
6ega de esta capital y que pertenece
d IN banquero aleman, quien al pa
recer goza de ciertas prerrogatlvas
en- las atlas esferas oficiales.
La veRta Gel opio en- Mexico, Ell
la cantidad en- que la ha veaido ha-
cierdo ell extranjero en- question, es
t~ochornosa para ell pals, en- virtud
de las moiestias que esta causan-
GO en- los Estados UYidos. ionde Sc
tienen datos de cue es dc aqui de
donde Sc embarca de contraDando,
sin que las autoridades NADIA hayan
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1919-08-07
Buscan ,un fercer candidate
a la Presidential de la
Rep1bLca

MENICO, D. F., Agosto 6.-Varios
diputados al Congreso de Ia Union
celehraror anoche en- los s~alores de
Ia Can1ara una c~onferencia con ell
CbJeto de tratar ell asunto del dia, es
decir, el %rcferente al tercer candida
to 4 la Presidential de la Republica,
en- oposici0n a los generates Obregor
V Gcnzalcz. para Satisfacer de esta
marera el 1eseo que la Nacion d.
cen cue tiene dc que sea IN civil cl
Primer Mandatario V no IN militar de
reclos V atentatorios procedmlentos.
A dicha crnferencia as;stieron los
dlputados Genarr Palacios Moreno.
Ramon MARITIME; del Rio. Enrique So
TO Peimhert Y David Castillo. todos
p~artidarios del civiiisr,o g~uoernativo
Y ~adversarios de lcs candidates. Con-
zalez V Oregon.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1919-08-07
Esrinosa Mirclcs quicrc que sus en-
rlesdcs Scsn imparciaIcS

- $1,000
pleados scan imparciales
e ~gohernador del Estado, Gustavo
Espinosa Nireles. giro how una cir
cu!ar a todos los ~empleados Deepen
dientes del cobierno. prev1nlcndoleS
cue en- 10 successive Sc abstengan de
mezclarse en- asuntos politicos, pues
las ~clecciones para d~iputados al Con-
greso Local estan por v~erifcarse.,
Esta circular de EsoinoSa M!reies'
Sc debe a orc entire los empleados sc
notaba IN gran entusiasmo por ha-
GER propaganda contra los eienen-
tos oposicionistas al actual Goolerno
local. cosa u de ninguna manera
seria del agrado del gobernador. que
trata de hacer triunfar a los hon.
bres de su confianza.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1919-08-07
CAMARA DE COMERClO
INGLESA EN- MEXICO
Va a ser fundnda por la colo
MIA britGnica de la
metropoli

CIUDAD De MEXICO, Agosto 6.
La colonia britannica residente en- la
R~epublica Mexicana. hace toda clase
de gestiones para que Sc funde una
Camara de Comercio en- esta ciudad.
Fasta Ia fecha Gel Comite dc la
Colonia Britannica ha ccntribuido eff
cazmente al desarrollo del comercio
icgics, en- la capital lie Ia Republica,
pero los micmbros de la colonia, de-
scar a semejanza de los espanoles.
austriacos V ~franceses, tener una Ca
mara de Concrete, con sucursales en-
las principles poalaciones del pals.
En- case de seq aprobada "a inicia-
tiva po- los miembros del Conf
sion dc la Colcnia Britanica," Sc pro-
adera desde luego a la formation de
Ia meacionada Camara.