davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1919-01-16

THE draft required to move loaded
i wagon on different types of roads
has, Of course, been made the sub
ject of repeated investigation, but
so far as is known no determinations
have been made with reference to
the various types of road which are
to be found in California under soil
and weather conditions which exist
there. 1t is common knowledge that
cheap makeshift patchwork road
building and maintenance are expen-
sive, and in California, perhaps more
than in any other place, the public
conscience has awakened to the eco
nomic value of the good road. But,
insofar as relates to the waste of
power and the waste of money in
cident thereto, which result from
hauling heavily loaded wagons or
trucks day after day and year after
year, over bad roads, no report is
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1919-01-16
HOW MUCH DOES YOUR TEAM PULL?
PopuUized Report of Road Tests for the Good Roads
Bureau of the California State Automobile Association BY
Professor j. B. DAVIDSON. Division Of Agricultural En-
qineerinq of the University Of California.

extant which attempts to picture, in
popularized form, the economics in
herent in the high-type, modern, hard
highway as opposed to mud or dust
or ruts.
In planning the tests herein re-
ported, the Good Roads Bureau of
the California State Automobile AS
ISOLATION considers itself extremely
fortunate in having secured the in
terest and cooperation of Professor
]. B. Davidson of the Agricultural
Engineering Division of the Univer-
sity of California, his assistant, Mr..
L. ]. Fletcher, with Mr.. Austin B.
Fletcher, Engineer of the California
Highway Commission, and a national
figure among road builders, Mr.. c.
H. Sweetser, District Engineer of the
U. S. Office of Public Roads and
Rural Engineering, and Mr.. W. H.
Lynch, Senior Highway Engineer, of
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1919-01-16

up, for the tests made by Professor
Davidson showed that the pull re-
quired was 3 1-3 times as great as
over unsurfaced concrete and nearly
twice as great as over concrete with
the 3-S-inch skin top.
Comparison between the lowest
pull recorded, that necessary to keep
the three-ton load moving, after it
was started amounted to S3 pounds
or 27.6 pounds per ton, and the pull
through stiff mud, which was GAS
pounds for the load, or 218 pounds
per ton, furnish ample food for
thought. Over the concrete road the
hroses pulled together 83 pounds,
each horse pulling only Al " pounds,
while over the mud the team pull
was 654 pounds and the pull on each
horse was 1927 pounds. The differ
ence in pull between the concrete
road and the mud road was 571
pounds, a difference of 285 "
pounds pull for each horse, which is
wasted energy, wasted as absolutely
as if it never had existed; and this
energy, wasted day in and day out,
in the winter in every part of almost
every State in the United States is
what is meant when Bradstreet's
Agency, with its fingers on the bust
ness pulse of the Nation, says: Bank
clearings lin New York, Chicago or
San Francisco) we're affected by the
usual seasonal condition"
The usual seasonal condition" is
mud. Mud makes business bad in the
country store because the farmer can
not get to town either to buy or sell.
Bad business in the country store
makes bad business in the country
bank, and bad business finds imme-
date reflection in financial centers,
where bank clearings fall off and the
city merchant finds his business dull
because the country merchant, two
hundred miles away perhaps, has
found his business dull on account of
bad roads.
When forced to go to town in win
ter through the usual seasonal mud
the farmer can haul only One-eighth
the weight, so our tests prove, that
would be possible had he concrete
roads to travel over such as our Cal
ifornia Highway system supplies. His
marketing costs are therefore in
creased eight times, this increased
cost being passed along to the aver
age ultimate consumer, whose goot
wife, engaged in stretching his sal
airy to limits that no rubber bant
would stand, ponder on the high cos
Of living, makes one dollar do thu
work Of two, performing miracles
J Of finance, never realizing that she i
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1919-01-16

the same Office. The presence Of
these gentlemen and their interest
and assistance in the tests made led
to the determination recorded herein
published that dignity and authencity
without which a publication of this
character is comparatively valueless.
An appliance of the recording and
integrating type known as the Iowa
Dynamometer was used. This dyna-
mometer was designed by Professor
Davidson while on the STAG of the
Iowa State College, was patented by
this institution as a novel and valuable
type of recording instrument, and it
is believed by those in authority to
be one of the most accurate instru-
ments of its kind. 1t automatically
measures the draft, supplies di-
rect reading, and at the same time
retains a graphic record made on
strip of paper drawn under a record
ing pencil. The record so provided
supplies an accurate check upon the
reading made direct.
In order to insure absolute accur-
acy in these tests, the particular in
strument was subjected to careful in
spection in the Engineering Labor
atory of the University of California
at Berkeley before being utilized.
The tests were made in part at
the University farm of the University
of California near Davis, Yolo Coun-
ty, and upon the State Highway in
the vicinity and over various county
roads and stretches of the state
Highway in Sacrament County near
Sacramento.
The various roads chosen for ex-
periments represent the roads Of Cal
ifornia under summer weather con-
ditions, the readings made on the
muddy earth road being made pos
sible by an overflow from an irriga-
ton ditch on the University farm
at Davis and merely intimating,
rather than conclusively picturing,
the pull per ton necessary to move a
loaded wagon over, or rather through,
mud.
H The tests were held uniformly
with a load of 5000 pounds gross,
which was made up of standard
farm WAGON loaded with California
rice in sacks. The motive power
used in a test at Davis was sup.
piled by fine team of draft horses
weighing about 1900 pounds each
wagon and horses being the property
of the University of California. II
the tests made in the vicinity of Sac
ramento a standard two-ton truck
the property of the California High
way Commission, was used, thru thu
! courtesy of Mr.. Austin B. Fletcher
= Highway Engineer. So far as pos
J sible, all conditions were kept uni
form except the hard surface, tn
same wagon, the same load, the sam
driver and the same horses being EN-
Jloyed and practically the same spec
: being maintained in the horse-drawl
Z tests, while the same man drove tn
truck when it was utilized as motive
power, different speeds being record
ed as set forth by Professor David
son in his report.
Uniform weather conditions pre-
vailed in all tests made, each day
being warm and bright with a maxi
mum temperature which approx
mated los degrees, there being nj
wind that would affect the tests il
any marked degree.
In reviewing the tests made, it il
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1919-01-16

to be regretted that it was impossible
to get comprehensive series OF
readings over muddy roads, such as
the average farming community is
blessed with in winter, the muddy
road" test being a mere hint of the
hub-deep mud which weather brings.
In testing the pull necessary to
move the load over the earth road
the results arrived at upset the theory
once expressed by the governor OF
one of our states, who declared that
"the good earth road" was easier to
pull over than any other type Of
road. This contention did not prove
The Liberal democrat. [volume] (Liberal, Kan.) 1911-1924, 1919-01-16
Cleaning and Pressing

Our Cleaning, Pressing and Alteration Depart
ment is always at your service. Hats blocked
and re-trimmed
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03
DANVILLE

Charles Brown from New Yoll
City spent the week end with hi
mother, Mrs. Minnie Hoyt. Those
who attended the Congrega
tional church Sunday morning were
very much pleased to hear the organ
played by his skillful fingers once
more. Gene. Gochee, who came
with Mr. Brown has a months leave
of absence.
Mr.. and Mrs. George M. Dole
Howard Smith, Earl Coveny, Misses
Lorinda Hardy, Margaret Davis and
Ali"" Has+in"" spent the weekend
at Coles Pond.
Emily tIsher is attending school at
st. Johnsbury Academy.
Mr.. and Mrs. Aaron Wesson and
daughter, Virginia and Mrs. Ida Bah
bitt all of st. Adams, have been Wis
iting at Peter NELSON'S.
Steven Waterman and family from
Providence, r. L., are visiting Miss
Harriet Whittier.
Mrs. Lou Worthen who has been
visiting at Derby and Stanstead has
returned home accompanied by her
mother, Mrs. White of West Derby
and her nephew, Charles Merriman
and his sister from Stanstead.
Mrs. Osgood has returned from
her visit hin Canada.
Rev. f. G. French preached at
Passumpsic Sunday both morning
and evening. He spent Monday in
Johnson.
Miss Margaret Davis began teach
ing in Waterford Tuesday, Sept. 2.
Mrs. Helen Wilson died Monday,
Sept. 1 at the home of her daugh-
ter, Mrs. Jennie Williams. Mrs.
Wilson has been in very poor health
for long time.
George e. Gochee from Railway,
N. j., who is spending month with
friends in town is much stronger
than when he was here in June and
July, altho he is still unable to
walk.
Otis Brickett of West Danville is
attending high school at Danville.
Mrs Florence Pilgrim from Plac-
entia, Cal, is visiting friends in
town. Mr.. Jennings Sturdevant who
was here last week has returned to
his home at Westport, Conn. Mrs,
Sturdevant, his wife, who is in very
poor health, is staying with her
daughter, Mrs. Edwin Kngsbury, at
Newport, N. H,
Harmony Club will meet with Miss
Jessie Dole Monday, Sept. 8. As
there is special business to be trans
acted, it is requested that all mem
bers be present. B.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03

Mrs. Ira Read is home after a
weeks stay with friends at Montpc-
Ter and Barre.
Mrs. Lizzie Drew and daughter
IRIS. Mabel Tyrell, entertained
lbout 20 of the neighbors at THEN
nome Saturday afternoon. Music
singing and visiting were very much
enjoyed by ALL Refreshments of
fruit salad, sandwiches, cake, coffee,
and tea was served.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. d. Barr and Mrs.
Julia Barr accompanied by O. X. Nc
Cosco of West Danville and Mrs. A.
L. Houghton of South Barre spent
Wednesday at Frank Amsdens at
Greensboro Bend.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Houghton
and daughters of Montpelier were
isitors here Monday. t
Mrs. Bessie Freeman of Brookline,
Mass, was recent visitor here.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. D. Barr, accom-
panied by o. X. McCosco of West
DanVllle spent Sunday at Sidney
Harding's at Concord
Mrs. Julia Barr is spending this
week with friends at st. Johnsbury
and Concord.
The Judith Lyford Woman's Club
held their first meeting of the year
with Mrs. M. ]. Beaton and daugh-
ter, Jessie. Subject Rudyard Kipling.
Refreshments of Dutch cheese,
sandwiches, and cocoa was served.
The next meeting will be held with
the Mrs. Reads, Tuesday, Sept. 16.
School begins Tuesday after the
summer vacation.
T. H. Osgood of Concord was a
recent visitor here. y
Miss Nellie Williams of Hartford
Conn, has been spending a few
days with friends here. rs
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03
SUTTON

Mr.. and Mrs. Ezra Card of Brad
ford, Mass, are visiting at Harry
Bradbury's. Miss Helen Wentworth
will return home with them to at
tend school another year.
Miss Ethel Chapman has been
spending several days with her par
ents, MI. and Mrs. H. D. Chapman.
Miss Sedie Blake was in st. Johns
bury and Lyndon Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. R. H. Butterfield have
returned from the Weirs.
Rev. and Mrs. Robert Clarke OF
Lyndon are visiting their cousin, Rev
George Chambers. e'a
Miss Henrietta Easterbrooks has
returned from Lyndon
Miss Addie Craig of Peacham is
visiting her niece, Miss Sadie Blake.
The Ladies' Aid served an excellent
supper at their hall Friday evening
and about 500 was added to the treas
ury. H
Mr.. and Mrs. Marion Ball of New
ark were Sunday guests of Mr.. anc
Mrs. E. L. Watson.
Miss Marion Chapman of Lyndon
vile has been visiting her grand
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. H. D. Chap.
man.
Mr.. and Mrs. Archie Gray ane
Mrs. F. o. Gray spent Sunday with
friends in st. Johnsbury.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03
LYNDON CENTER

DR.. and Mrs. F. A. Hodgdon and
son, Clinton, and daughter, Mrs. r.
F. Oliver and son, Frank, from Nal
len, Mass, have been spending two
weeks visiting at the homes of Ed.
Parker and Luther Ingerosn.
Miss Thelma McPhee has returned
from Canaan Center, where she has
been spending her vacation at the
home of her uncles.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Shores and
daughter, vanilla, from Montpelier,
are spending a few days visiting
friends
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Dresser and
son, Eugene, from Burlington are
visiting her mother, Mrs. Emma
Campbell.
Ernest Bunker has moved from the
Currier house to the Vile.
Mrs. Mary e. Carter who has been
nursing at the home of Robert Rob-
inson, has returned home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Turnbull spent
Sunday at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
Fred Chapman.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Hill and two
sons, Arthur and Morris, are spend
ing few days in Boston.
Heustus McNeal from Newport
spent the week end with his grand
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. A. A Batch
elder
Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur Moves and
son, Theodore, are visiting Mrs. At
kins.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03
CnLcred Rains.

The ratn cr.' and does wash down
anything that happens to be in the al:
at the time. including dust, pollen,
small insects, but we have no record
of tadpoles being washed down out of
the air. The phenomena of coloree
rains, so-called rain of blood, etc. can
be readily explained by the presence
of dust in the atmosphere.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03
CLASSIFIED DEPT
FOR SALE

FOR SALE-1000 Edison Coo re-
cords while they last, 4 for $1.00. 1000
copies of 10 and 15c music, 3 for Csc.
McLean's Music Store.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03

FOR SALE-Sccond haId piano in
good condition. Charles Hoyt, 40
Spring st. Al T F*
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03
THE IDEAL TONIC
ARGO.PHOSPHATE

The worlds greatest tonic for las
situde and all rundown enemic con
sditions. 1t just puts pep into the
whole system. cts the best tonic 1
ever used" says a Boston physician.
Dispensed by Welcome B. East
man, Charles A. Searles G. Co., St.
Johnsbury; Edmund's Pharmacy,
Lyndonville, and Chas. H. Coburn.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03
WANTED

CENSUS CLERKS, (men, women).
1000 needed 1922 month. Age, IS up
ward. Examinations everywhere
soon. Experience unnecessary. For
free particulars, write J. Leonard,
Former Government Examiner) 1873
Equitable Bldg. Washington. 56-7t"
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03

FOR SALE-Second hand car. Call
at 65 Main street. 20 If
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03

FOR SALE-One 16 foot motor boat
and two cameras with lenses. 10
Spring street. 20 If
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03
FOR SALE

Paddocks Village, 2 tenement house,
barn, garden, extra lot, $500.
Lafayette Street, single house,
bathroom, near Caledonia street,
$1,000.
Caledonia street. New tenement
house, modern improvement, $500.
Lower Peart street. Single house,
large garden, $4,000.
Summer street, properties to
choose from.
Excellent Is acre farm with fine
buildings a few rods from Passump-
sic. Small farm near East St. Johns
bury.
Several large farms with stock,
crops and tools.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03

TENEMENT TO RENT-1O6 Port
land street, with or without garage.
Tel. 472-M. 54-6t*
TO RENTAL SO Main street, COM
fortably furnished connecting rooms
with bath, steam heat, electric lights,
preferably for two gentlemen, either
teachers or business men. 81 If
WANTED AT ONCE A kitchen
woman at the St. Johnsbury House.
81 If
TO RENT-Furnished rooms at 81
Spring street. 57-6t*
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03

FOR SALE-One bay mare twelve
years old, sound and good driver
and worker Price $125. Also shoats
at twenty-five cents per pound. l..
F. Goslant, Barnet, vt. 33tf
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03
TO RENT

TO RENTING furnished rooms,
pleasantly located, 5 minutes to P. O.
or factory. Inquire at this office. stiff
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03

WANTED-Bell boys at once. St.
Johnsbury House. 53 If
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03

WANTED-Pin boys at Barquin's
Bowling Alley. SO If
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03

GIRL WANTED for general house
work. Mrs. l.. w. Stafford, No.
Cross street. 81 If
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-09-03
CABOT

Mrs. Ira Read is home after a
weeks stay with friends at Montpc-
Ter and Barre.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1919-03-20

A. Wilson. court bailitf. SlL50; Y. H.
Boldly, expenses 70 loop road meeting,
$1,000.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1919-03-20
RED CROSS STORE
NETS BIG SUM

The Red Cross store. closed Friday.
after intervals Of business for the past
two Years, reports ret profits from the
sale Of second hand articles donated by
city ana rural families, Of appr0Xi-
mstely s.. COO Practically every fam
lily in the county has given something
TO the Red Cross store.
Walter kimball. chairman OF the
WAYS ard means committee of the Red
Cross Chapter. states that 1925 have
neen cleared by the shop since Christ
mas. A large assortment Of sUbstan-
tai second hand garments remain at
the shops headquarters. All of these
viii be used as a nucleus IN a drive
soon to be waged nationally for gar
ments for overseas refugees.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1919-03-20
Claims Allowed from Road Fund
I.ahnr renorted hH - foreman.

Labor reported by road foreman.
n. L. Emry. S54 90; Geo. L. Emry,
$50 90. Jack Couchman, SSl.6U, CtaS.
Helme. SIS 81: n J. Nelson. Sll20;
IL. c. Fredrieksen. $500; II. Freezer
ick. Sl.50. $. 5. Turnbull. Sl7.oe. Nm.
Crapper. Sls.37. Guy CTapper. SIS. s. /,
L. NJ. Ireland. Sl7 so; Wm. Under.
wood. 5000. Chas. Wallace. So 50, J.
d. Cunning. SI0.50, Horn Bros. 3. 80 !,
Chester Shute. $40 go, Nm. Whiting,
$500; H. Heli. SLIGO; J. b. Dimmick.
S3. 20: d. r. Leasure. S320, Geo.
" ishart. $3.50. J. b. Doggett. Sl200; /;
Jas. Hawthorl. SI4 90, G. Edgington,
5. GO; Jennings. Sl2.40; Harry Hos
kins. Sll.00, l. K Campbell, S23 80;
I'd Traxtle. $500, }. L. Douley,
SIS. 50; K. Vaughn. S24.S0, Albert
Krieg, $l9.25: ]. q. Dixon, S67.Sl. A.
e. Cooper, $40. 50. A.C> Sagers. SIS. 20: /:
Vim. Beatty. $50 40; II. l.. Fringle,
$500: Earl Ordway. Sl09.62; n +.
Thompson, $50.00; +. W. Dunbar.
S2o 90, Nate Gilkerson, SD 40; Horace
Gilkerson, SD. 40; Louis Sears, $3.50 !,
IS. c. Woody, S20,S0; F. b. Woody,
Sl7.60; Orrie Cameron. $3.50; +. a.
Boles, ST. Sam Boles, So 20; William
Gilkerson, SIC. 90; VIM. Woody, So. !;
K. f. Robertson, S4027; Ed Rice,
Sl.60; W. l.. Carter. 50 20; K. A. Car
ter, $3.50; J. ". Brown, $500: c. P.
Saltzman. s.. SO; Paul Fuchs, Sl.60.
A. B. Cooper, auto hire. $500: Gus
Miller. road viewer, $3.50; W. j.
Smith, chairman. S4.00; AL Whitehead,
road viewer. $3.50; Guy Crappef, auto
hire, $500: Dewitt Motor Car Co.,
Ford roadster for road foreman,
100000, and supplies and repairs to
road machinery, $l03. 80 East Fork
Irrigation District one half expense at
East Fork, $4376; f. A. Franz Co., +,
road supplies. S25.S5; j. o. Fletcher
SLIPS Hood River Garage, supplies
and repairs. $25.37; Hood River Water
Department, 100; Hood River Garage
Cleveland tractor, 81, 600; W. l.. Mich
OILS, cash paid for freight, S5.lS; Bridal
Veil Lumber Co., supplies, $396l A.
c. Staten, road supplies, $l4. Is; Stand
ard Oil Co, supplies, S24 49, Transfer
& Livery Co., team hire, $3.50. S. J.
Frank, powder, $50 30; Coast Culyert
& Flume Co. culyert, $49.41; Hodson
Feenaughty Co., supplies, $475; Con.
solidated Mercantile Co, oil, $50, w.
t. Nichols, road foreman, $4,000;
Arthur Rodgers, labor, S25 20; A. j.
Jennings, labor, $l9.57; G. Edgington,
labor, $l5.75; Russell Vaughn, labor,
$40. 75 Glen Lane, labor, $3.50; Sec.
retary of State, auto license for Ford,
5000
On motion of Hannum, which carried
unanimously, contract for moving tie
steel bridge across Hood River in Il e
city to the cid Toll Bridge site Was
awarded to Pacific Foundation Go.
County surveyor was instructed t.
advertise for bids for grading road
over Van Horn hill bids to be submit
ted before next nesting.
The petition of h. Culbertson was
presented to the court, asking for a
road in the Upper Valley. The pet
ton, notices and bond being regular
the viewers were ordered to view the
proposed road on March 10th and file
their report not later than March oath
Dated at Hood River this 18th day
Of March, 1919
+. f. Shoemaker, Clerk,
BY Kent Shoemaker, Deputy.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1919-03-20
River Traffic Active

With the opening Of spring boat
tatfic on the Columbia is becoming
more active. The Dalles-Columbia
line has put the steamer J. n. Teal in
commission, and the Twin Cities will
begin the run between Portland and
The Dalles soon. The Peoples Navi-
CATION Co, owning the Tahoma, Is
now serving landings between Port
land and The Dalles with the steamer
Kellogg. The Tahoma is in Portland
undergoing repairs.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1919-03-20
Circuit Court Jurors

r. E. Creson, sll.00 f. +. Gould.
1890 Geo. Galloway, $l2 70, j O.
Mark. sI2.70; Il. Z. Miller, $3.50.
r. f Yates, court reporter, % rs /;
Z. S. 0linger, court bailitf, 2l00; John