Norwich bulletin., 1919-05-24
IN THE DAYS NEWS
Lembera.

Already bearing the scars of the world war, added to the marks of sieges and captures through the first five centuries of it's municipal exist ence, even the armistice has not brought peace to Lemberg, which Ulrainians are reported to have at tackled" says a bulletin of the Ma. tional Geographic Society.
 Residents of the city must walk with a grim smile through the battle torn promenades built on the space left free by the demolition of the fortififi cations of the inner city of Lemberg in 1911, at d time when the citizens of the Galician capital looked conf dently for an era of peace. l 'Jenberg, known as LVow in Polish and Leopolis in Latin, was founded in the thirteenth century by Rutheniall prince. Casimir the Great added it- to his domain in 1340 and bestowed upon l the city the charter and privileges known as the Madgeburg Rights.
 When Constantinople fell it's trade with the east flourished, but it was al ] but eng1lfed in the revolutions and l maraudinss which swept over the ] Ukraine and parts of Poland during l the last half of the seventeenth cen tury-an earlier manifestation of Bol- shevism directed by the Cossack het- 1 man, Chmielnicka. l Charles XII, of Sweden, took Lem berg, along with other Polish citie. tWhen the ill-advised Augustus II was
 drawn into the Great Northern war i Upon the first partition of Poland. il 1 17I2, Lemberg was allotted to Austria | In connection with the division O. Polish lands, the Empress Maria The desa wrote, prophetically in view o frecent events, I have yielded, no l wishing to make war, but quite con trafy to my convictions. I hape tha
 the monarchy may not feel the eff fects of this after my death.
 Frederick the Great of Prussia, who 1 had engineered the partition, did no take the Austrian monarch'S Gualm's l seriously. She is always weeping ant 1 always taking was his comment
 i In the same year Austria came for.
 ward with additional claims on tht 1 ground that Prussia and Russia wert
 availing themselves of the opportunit, to acquire certain districts for whicf they had long contended. Therefore 1 despite her bangs of conscience, tn, ! provident empress gained possession Cf about 1,5Q0 square miles of territor! to which she gave the tile of the king
 dom of Galicia and Lodomeria, ant made Lemberg the capital.
 Twelve years later Joseph II, who's futile ambitions caused his reign to b compared to a man who constant,
 desired to sneeze and could not, es tablished the University of Lemberg l This university became one of the bes known Polish institutions of learning.
 "One of Lemberg's parks bears tn name of the Polish patriot. Jan Xxi linski, a shoemaker who tough braVely in 1796. He was captured an' taken to St Petersburg. Following his release he returned to his shoe
 mokers bench and when custom wa light he wrote his recollections, whicl
 form valuable record of this period. 'Lemberg. nearly as large as Denver Colo. or Rochester, N Y, before tn
 war began was tlae fourth city of Aus
 tria. It is 60 miles east of Przemys and more than 450 miles northeast 0
 Vienna. It lies on the banks of tn Peletw river, which flows into th
 Bug. Eighty seven miles to the eas
 is Tarnopol, near the Russian border among the first points of attack whe
 the Muscovites crossed the Galicia frontier.
 } Scene of poular uprising in 1S4i
 Lemberg became the seat of the Ga
 lician diet upon the establishment ( that body in 1861. Before 1914 it man l ufactured iron ware machiner l matches, candles liquors, chocolat , leather bricks and tiles. It's com merce was largely in linen, wool, oi { flax and hemp.
 The man who thinks he can mah l a success of anything he undertake is apt to be an unsuccessful thinker.