davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
BY DR.. ANDREW NJ SOULE

nearly a million dollars for the pea
nut oil purchased in the United
States for the fiscal year ending
June 80, 1914. Peanuts have been
grown for oil production in the past
primarily in the French colonies in
China, India and Madagascar For
the most part they have been eX-
ported before the oil was extracted.
Transporting them long distances has
been somewhat costly and frequently
a precarious undertaking because
the nuts were not well cured, hence
they often ferment during an ocean
VOYAGE and the oil obtained from
them was only fit for soap stuff.
There was one notable exception to
this in the fact that the Chinese,
who shelled the nuts by hand, fur
nished to the markets a product
capable of producing the highest
grade of oil; so fine, in fact, that it
has no doubt been used largely in
many instances to adulterate olive
oil or possibly in some cases as a
substitute for it. When peanuts are
properly harvested and cured and
correctly handled in the press room,
an oil of the very choicest quality
for salad making and for other uses
by the human being Is obtained. AS
a rule it is necessary to cold press
the nuts the first time and then
cook and regrind the cake for the
second pressing. This practice, OF
course, is only necessary where the
manufacturer is endeavoring to pro-
duce the choicest of table oils.
There are quite number of varie-
ties of peanuts adapted for growth
In the United States, such as the
Spanish, the Virginia Bunch, the Vir-
ginia runner, the Valencia Cor Ten
nessee Red), the African Cor North
Carolina). 1t has been quite salts
factorily demonstrated that the Span
ish peanut contains to 10 per ut
more oil than the other varieties men
toned by reason of its hab of
growth, earlier maturity and wider
adaptability to soil and climatic con-
ditions. 1t is, therefore, by far the
most satisfactory variety for general
cultivation in the peanut growing
areas of the south.
Mills Available
Fortunately the oil mills now so
common throughout the south and
which are primarily used for the pro-
duction of cottonseed oil and cake
may be adapted with comparatively
little change in machinery to the pro-
duction of peanut oil, hence this in
dustry may be made to thrive and
prosper in any community without
long delay caused by the establish
ment or reorganization of plants for
the manufacture of peanut o. his
it will be readily sene is a very ma
teial advantage,
Coming now to a consideration of
the analysis of peanuts, it appears
that those of the Sp h variety con-
tain approximately SO per cent mois-
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17

ture, so per cent of oil and "a per
cent of ash. The - mia varieties
contain a. per cent moisture Alt n r
cent of Oil nd 81 per of ash.
This j.. .trateS very satisfactorily
the desirability of the general and
extensive cultivation of Spanish rCa-
nuts for oil production. AS matter
of fact, they are by far IT, most sat
isfactory for grazing down by hogs
than any other variety. They may,
therefore, be grown for the dual pur-
pose indicated with an equal measure
of satisfaction. On other hand.
it is Self-cVident that peanuts vary
considerably in composition. owing to
the soil and climatic conditions under
which they are produced. The char
acter of fertilizer used will also af-
feet them, particularly as to the per-
centage of pops. 1t has alrlady been
clearly shown that the c. osition
Of nuts Of even the same variety
vary quite markedly, therefore, the
foregoing figures should be taken
merely as guides. An examination of
the situation further reve2 that the
weight of the Shell and trash in a
ton of peanuts IS they c from the
farm will approximate 900 pounds,
Spanish peanuts will rarely exceed
700 pounds, and may fall considcra-
bly, below this figure. The large
sorts of peanuts, such as the Vir-
ginia, contain about 500 pounds of
Shells and trash per ton and VIII sell
dom produce more than 500 pounds
of oil. 1t is orally consiu nat
the mills leave alb 8 per. cent of
oil in the meal or cake. T.. yield
from Spanish peanuts of the best
quality would Therefore probably run
around 600 to $40 pounds of the Vir-
gin types, from 400 to 430 pounds.
OF -rse much remains to be done
along the lines indicated and these
figures can only be regarded as ten
tative, i comparatively little work
has been done as yet to determine the
exact relation of the different varie-
ties to oil and meal production. To
the uninitiated it may pear that
the oil retained in the cake is I'M
duly high. In this connection it is
IT. portant to remember that pea
nut is quite different from cottonseed
as an oil yielding material. The pro-
portion of hull to meal in the pea
nut is less than in cottonseed. On
other hand, the shell =" the pea
nut is much more absorbent than cot
tonseed hulls, hence the loss of oil in
pressed and shelled peanuts. The
proctice commonly followc in this
country r~uch greater than with
cottonseed. 1t is obvious that decor
tic" ion can be accomplished much
more re, lily with the peanut than
with cottonseed. ere is also other
very important differences in the oil
produc ny these two crops. Cotton
seed oils are related to that class of
Y able glycerids which have of
necessity to be refined before edible.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17
The Peanut as a Source of Oil

Ine FeauuU as a source OF O11
The peanut has now become one
of the important agricultural crops
Of the southeastern states. 1t is
destined to occupy an increasingly
important place as the years go by.
1t is a crop admirably adapted for
several purposes. First, it provides
a most valuable food for the human
being in its natural state. Second,
it is q prime asset of the candy
maker. Third, it produces a most
human consumption generally. Fifth,
the meats from which the oil has
been expressed furnish meal of
the choicest quality for the nutrition
of animals. Sixth, it appears that
this meal when properly refined pro-
vides a most desirable food when
used with wheat flour in the proper
ton of one to three. Seventh, the
peanut provides the most universal
ly desirable grazing crop for hogs.
Eighth, it is a satisfactory substi-
tute for cotton in that it is not
attacked by the boil weevil. 1t is
admirably adapted for growth
throughout the territory where the
depredations Of this insect are most
serious, and finally can be produced
and handled in many respects quite
as satisfactorily as cotton and with
as large a profit to the land owner.
1t is one of those wonderfully strik-
ing examples of the compensations
which nature affords. When it be-
came apparent that the growth of
cotton in southwest Georgia and
throughout the coastal plains gen
orally would in the course of time
become a costly and difficult under
taking by reason of the presence of
the boil weevil, many Of our people
lost heart. They believed that a
surprising calamity had overtaken
the community. They did not realize
then that any other crop could pos
sibly prove as satisfactory or as
valuable to them as cotton. 1t is
gratifying that in so short a time
they have been completely disillu-
stoned. The Importance which this
crop has already attained and it's
prominence for the future justify
further study of it's characteristics
and the service it may be made to
render humanity and the great civil
cation we are building up in the
southeastern states.
Oil Production
1t would be impossible in a short
article to discourse on all the Vir-
tues of the peanut, and therefore
what is said will be confined chief
ly to its value for the production
of oil. Peanut oil has been well and
favorably known in foreign coun-
tries for a long period of time. The
center of it's production in pre-war
times was Marseille, France. 1t has,
of course, been imported into this
country to a considerable extent, as
shown by the fact that we paid
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17

The peanut, on the other hand, if
pressed from sound stock, not only
has a good color and a sweet, nutty
flavor, is eminently satisfactory
as \, 15le oil just as it issues from
the press. OF course, If peanut oil
were made from DID, -"nented, or
unsound nuts, it void possess a dis
agreeable odor and flavor and would
necessarily have to undergo ref1n-
ing process before it became ST. table
for human food. This would be q
costly and Wasteful process, though
naturally the low-grade oil could be
used for soap stock and other impor-
tant purposes.
The By-Product
In the manufacture of peanuts
there is naturally one important
by-product, namely the meal If
shelled nuts are used, there would
be about $50 pounds of meal OBJ
tanned from a ton. If tho bulls are
Included there would probably be
about l 800 pounds. To this should
be added 500 pounds of oil, max
ing 1900 pounds in all, thus al
lowing 100 pounds for manufacture
ing waste. AS per cent of the oil
would be left in the meal, there
"Oulu NC Oto pOulluo vi a NoAl%AHAC
oil, equal to approximately II gal
Ions. This at II IL cents per
pound would be $94.55. The meal
at $500 q ton would be worth
S30.75, making the products of a
farmer receives $4,000 for these
seed, there is $34.30 left to the
credit of the manufacturer. OF this
he would be allowed a spread of
$3.50 and $500 freight. or $1,000
in all. There is Z difference OF
$3.50, the greater part OF" which
would probably be wiped out when
it is considered that a large per
cent of the peanuts received and
handled are off-gradc from one
purpose or another or are not of
the Spanish variety. 1t is evident
that where mixed assortments of
nut; are received, in which there
is any considerable percentage OF
the Virginia varieties, the yield
of oil obtained will be reduced by
s to 10 gallons per ton. Where nuts
run high in moisture and contain
q large per cent of dirt, the re-
turns indicated above cannot be
secured. Moreover, if there are
many broken nuts or if they have
been produced on land low in lime
and other essential plant foods, and
hence run high in pops, the out
turn Of products mentioned above
cannot be obtained. All these facts
must be taken into consideration,
therefore, in arriving at a fair
price per ton for peanuts. In any
event, it is self-evident that this
crop is one of the most desirable
and valuable for the production Of
oil for human consumption and a
concentrate almost equivalent in
ferti,izing and nutritive value to
cottonseed, 1t is a crop which, if
judiciously cultivated and handled
III the territory to which it is
adapted will enrich not only our
lands. but our farmers as we'll.
An Appeal to Georgia Young Men
A correspondent writes as fol-
lows:
1 am now living permanently with
my family at my Melrose place, 10
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17
Pat. applied for.

Only One Man, With This Power Log Saw,
Cuts p to 40 Cords a Day. Only Five
Seconds to Set from Cut to Cut on Log.
aXles and the rig is hauled straight
ahead. When set for saving beside a
log, the truck wheels are placed on a
pair of end aXles to move the ri-s
sidewise along the log, for moving
quickly from cut to cut, Only five
seconds required to move from one
cut to another. ,s
The same machine can be fitted foT
saving down trees. The saw Is driven
by direct gearing from the engine
crank shaft. An automatic friction
clutch stops the saw in case of undue
saw resistance. The engine has twice
the power need to drive the saw to
full capacity in the largest logs. Two
men can fall 40 to SO trees a day IN
ordinary timber.
The whole outfit is compact, sim
pie. durable against a lifetime OF
hard wear. 1t sells for low D"i0e
and is fully guaranteed for reliable
operation in the hands Of every one
who has trees to cut down and logs
to work up.
Full information and price can be
had simply by addressing the manu-
facturer, Ottawa Mfg. Company, S5t
Wood ST., Ottawa, Kansas.--(Advt)
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17
EASY NOW TO SAW LOGS
and CUT down Trees

Only one man, with the improved
Ottawa Engine Saw Log easily cuts
rs to 40 cords a day. This machine
has heavy cross cut saw driven by
a suitable gasoline engine. The entire
rig is mounted on truck wheels to-
make it easy to move to the logs, and
from cut to cut on the log without
stopping the engine.
For moving on the road, the truc.i
wheels are placed on a pair Of SIDE
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17
Another Big Cut
In Engine Prices

I will sell you an up-to- date
WHITE Kerosene Engine, bae-
terry ignition or Webster Magnetic
on practically your own terms
Cash or Payments. guarantee
longer, ship quicker, save you SIS
to 5000. 1t is easy to earn the cost
of WITTE in a few weeks, or a
saw-rig outfit clear in 80 days. Be-
fore you select any kind of an en-
CINE for any work, get my latest cat
alog and quick-action price list on
engines, to so HIP, FREE, by Re-
turn Mailed. H. Witte, Pres.
Write nearest address. EITTE EN-
CINE WORKS, 2645 Oakland Ave,
Kansas City, Mo-, or 1884 Empire
Bldg, Pittsburg, Pa.-(AdytD
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17
Coal Miners Head to
Confer on Strike, but
Issues Walkout Call

INDIANAPOLIS, Ind, Oct. 15.--
John L. Lewis. acting president of
the United Mine Workers of Amer
lea, today wired Secretary of La
Dor Wilson that he would be in
Washington at II O'Clock Friday
morning, October IT, for a confer
ence on the bitumipous coal mine
situation. He announced, however
that in the meantime the order call
ing on all union bituminoRs coal
miners in the country to go on
strike November ] would be mailed
from international headquarters in
this city to the 1000 local unions
Of the organization.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17
l6O Hens-15OO Eggs

Mrs. n. NJ. Patton, Waverly, Mo-, writes:
''I fed boxes of More Eggs and got 800
eggs from 100 hens in exactly 81 days"
This scientific tonic has made big egg
profits for thousands of poultry raisers all
over the U. S. 1t revitalizes the hens.
tones them up and makes them lay all the
time. Get ready now and make big profits
out Of your hens this winter. A $1.00
package will double the egg production MI
q million dollar bank guarantees to refund
your money if You are not entirely satisfied
Send $1.00 now to E. J. Refer, the poul.
try expert, S177 Refer Bldg, Kansas City,
NO., and get a seasons supplv of More
Eggs" Profit by the experience of a man
who has made fortune out of poultry.
(AdYt.)
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17

There are, of course, several Varie-
ties Of winter oats which may be re-
garded as standard for Georgia. We
have had excellent success with the
AppIer, Texas Rust Proof, and Full
ghum. We do not think there is
much to choose between these varie-
ties provided one obtains a good
standard strain Of seed. There is a
To-day oat on the market which has
been extensively cultivated and has
given good satisfaction. II is my
impression that this is a selection
from what we Originally termed the
Texas Rust Proof. The Fulghum is
somewhat earlier and stouter In
straw than some of the other Varie-
ties mentioned but we d onot believe
one can make a mistake in selecting
any Of the strains mentioned for
planting in your section of the state.
The thing to do is to select a
standard strain, that is, one which is
true to type which has been selected
for vigor of growth, freedom from
disease, and ability to make a rela-
lively large yield.
There is no reason why peanuts
should not be planted after oats have
been harvested in the spring. You
have a long season in your section
and there will be ample opportunity
for peanuts to grow and make a
fine development and yield.
The variety of peanuts to grow
depends on the purpose you have in
view. Presumably the White Spanish
will be found very satisfactory if
you expect to sell the peanuts to be
crushed. If you intend to grow pea
nuts for candy manufacture this va
riety will also probably be found sat
isfactory. If you wish to grow nuts
to be eaten out of the hand, then
some some of the larger sorts should
be selected. The larger sorts do not,
as a rule, yieldlas we'll in the mat
ter Of out-turn per acre as the small
err varieties such as the White
SDaniSh
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17

The actual shipment of furs is one
of the most important phases of the
business of trapping, and it must be
done right if the trapper is 10 re
alize the full, high value that pelts
are bringing in the st. Louis mar
ket today. .......
| Before giving a formula for pack
Ing furs it might be well to list
few "don'ts" for the benefit of the
young trapper, who is likely to do
the very things that these 'Don'ts''
aim at Here they are:
| Don't send your furs while pelts
are still green. Scrape off surplus
fat and flesh. They should be dry
enough to hold their shape before
shipping.
Don't place skins pelt to pelt.
Pack them fur side to fur side.
Don't place one skin inside another.
Don't roll, fold, crease or bend
skins.
Don't wrap each skin in sepa-
rate covering. This practice shuts
out air and allows decomposition to
set in.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-10-17
SHIPPING RULESFOR TRAPPERS

Don't ship furs by freight-send
by parcel post or express.
Don't fail to list the contents Of
your shipment and write your uame
and address on an inner card at
tached to the pelts and to the outer
card attached to the bag or bundle.
If you follow these instructions,
about all there is left for you to
do is place your dried pelts, fur
side to fur side, with the smaller
pelts forming the center of the
bundle in a fiat pile.
Tie this pile securely with stout
Irvine (never use wire, as it cuts
the pelts), and place it in a sturdy
burlap bag. Sew the top of this
bag up, or close it with a quicker
string. Make sure always that this
job is well done, and you will lose
no furs in transit.
The package ready, it should be
sent to market, either by EXPIRE SIS
or parcel post. If the latter method
is used, always insure your ship
ment. In either case, always get a
receipt for your shipment.
The Holt County sentinel. (Oregon, Mo.) 1883-1980, 1919-11-28

Mrs. Sophia Griffith, Of Kansas
City, came up Monday evening, and
Is making few days visit here with
relatives and friends, while on her way
to Salina, Kansas, where we under
stand that she and her son will make
their home.
u. s. Nandever went to Salina,
Kansas, Tuesday. where he In making
a visit with his daughter, Mrs. Minda
Csndwell.
Tuesday morning, the passenger
train, No. ~, hit one Of VIM. Craw-
ford's cows, which was on the railroads
right-of-way, striking the COW on the
hip and side. II was thought her back
was broken.
&C. r. Mills wife and son, LLOYD,
and l.. =. Mills and wife were guests
at the II. A. Buner home, Sunday af-
ternoon.
v. ". Wilson, wife and son, Cliff
ford, and Uncle Thomas Miller spent
Sunday with Earl Wilson and family
in Oregon.
Mrs. N. II. Cook was on the sick
list, the first Of the week.
Joe Randall and Clarence Ran.
dali and wife. Of Omaha, came down
last week and have been visiting at
the Chas, Hunt and Sam Randall
homes.
Mrs. J. T.. Alkire was a ST. 10.
seph visitor. Tuesday.
Nj. NJ. Snapp left Tuesday for Car.
Isle. Kentucky, where he will spend
the winter.
Mrs. Chauncey Huiatt, Of near
Maitland came down Tuesday NOM
ing and spent the day with her sister,
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Meyer, while her
husband and Vim. Huiatt went on to
81. Joseph. All returned home in the
evening.
Rev. C. J. Chappell was a business
visitor in st. Joseph, Tuesday.
A most successful program, play
and box supper was held Monday
night at the Brush College school.
Miss Della Mcguire is the teacher.
Something like S3a.75 was taken in.
Ralnh Meyer got the tobacco for be-
ing the LATEST man. but IL y a cinch
The Holt County sentinel. (Oregon, Mo.) 1883-1980, 1919-11-28
Presbyterian Notes.

Program for next Sunday, Nov. 30:
Sabbath school meets at 9.45 a. m
Harvey Evans, superintendent. Les.
son. Jesus Teaches Peter True Great.
ness," in. 1856, 1888. There were
III out last Sunday, and the collection
was S6.6S.
Christian Endeavor meets at 6:3O D.
m. Leader, Miss Nina Adolph. Topic
"Christianity and the Health Of Amer
iea," Eek. T-l:i2. There were 20
out last Sunday. The young people
are taking part splendidly.
There will be no night services in
our church. Instead all our members
are invited TO attend the Methodist
revival meetings.
Prayer meeting every Wednesday
night at 1880 o'clock. We study the
Sabbath school lesson. Officers and
teachers are urged TO attend. Choir
meets after this service.
We had a splendid attendance 70
hear the Thanksgiving sermon las,
Sunday morning. We hope IL will
keep as good through the winter
months.
We will be glad TO receive any mem.
bers into our church ut Sunday morn.
ing services. Strangers In our city ar,
cordially invited TO worship with US
WILL THORNTON WALKER,
Pastor
The Holt County sentinel. (Oregon, Mo.) 1883-1980, 1919-11-28
Forest City and Vicinity

Judge G. W. Gotten and wife, Of
Forbes. came up Sunday and spent
the day with their son, Mr.. and Mrs.
A. J. Gotten and family.
H. S. Teare. Of Oregon, spent the
day, Sunday, with his mother, Mrs.
Matilda Teare.
Mrs. Frank Eberhart, Of Lincoln,
Neb., came Saturday and IL making a
weeks visit with her father, A. ID.
Taylor.
MIR. and Mrs. Earnest Smith drove
over to Savannah, Thursday, and spent
the day with her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. J. f. Brett.
Will take orders for Fence Posts
for the next thirty days. Good stuff
made from first class timber, either
Burr Oak or Walnut. Write or call
me. L. =. TURNKEY,
Farmers Phone. Forest City. Mo.
Mrs. Matte Foster and family, of
near Oregon, visited Sunday with her
father, Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Schaeffer
and family.
Mrs. Mary Haley visited Sunday
at the A. ID. Taylor home.
Mt and Mrs. Midway Hoover and
daughter, Miss Gladys, Mr. and Mrs.
Daniel Hoover all drove over 10 Hor.
ton, Kansas, In the formers car. Sun
day, and srent the day with Mr. and
Mrs. VIM. Hoover.
For Sale-Extra Nice White
Plymouth Rock Roosters.
MRS. JOE MITCHELL.
). \. Nandever has returned from
~
The Holt County sentinel. (Oregon, Mo.) 1883-1980, 1919-11-28
Forest City Baptist Church.

Sunday school at 10 a. m. Preach
ing next Sunday at II q. m. and 7:30
?, m. Al $3.50 we meet to organize q
Young Peoples Union. Prof. Conner
will lead this meeting. All yovng
people in the community especially re-
quested to be present. Attendance at
Sunday school, IS. You are cordially
invited to worship with US.
RICHARD l.. STRATTON. Pastor.