davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-09-06
Department of the Interior
Alaskan Engineering Commission
NOTICE

Passengers leaving on the train
for any point on the line south Of
town are required to purchase
tickets before entering the train.
Tickets can be purchased from
the station agent, whose office is
in the employment office, on the
ground floor of the general office
building, Alaskan Engineering COM
mission.
Tickets will be on sale at any
time during office hours, and can
be purchased in sufficient time be-
fore the departure of the trains.
Regular trains leave the foot Of
A street on Wednesdays and Satur-
days at s a. m.
On and after july 18th the freight
on the North side of the river at
Camp Ais dock will be shipped out
Tuesday and Friday of each week,
leaving at a. m, until further
notice.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-09-06
MARINE BULLETIN

Alaska, up Hot Springs, a. m.
Carl White, up Tolovana river,
IL a. m, 5th.
Washburn, down Louden, mid
night.
Selkirk, up Carmacks, 2 a. m, 5th.
Casca, down Hootalinqua, $50 a.
m, 5th-
Nasntlin and Hazel B, up Stew
art, 5th.
Louise at Marshall, z p. m. last
night, having engine trouble.
Kelly and Tanana, at Cinema.
Yukon, up Rampant, a. m, 5th.
Jacobs, up Cinema for Fairbanks,
$50 a. m.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-09-06
Board of School Directors
Nenana Public School
Nenana, August 20, 1919.
NOTICE OF SCHOOL ELECTION

Complying with the laws of Alas
ka, notice is hereby given that a
special election will be held in the
town of Nenana,
Monday, September 8, 1919,
for the purpose of electing one
school director to fill the vacancy
caused by the resignation of Mr..
George W. Pennington.
The names of candidates must be
in the hands of the Clerk of the
School Board not later than Friday.
September 5.
The polling place will be located
in the Fire Hall, adjoining the
Townsite Office. Polls will be open
from 8 a. m. until z p. m. on the
day and date of election.
J. H. SCOTT,
Clerk of School Board.
Approved:
ROBERT JOSEPH OWEN,
President.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-09-06
MRS. CASKEY GOING OUT;
FRIENDS GIVE HER PARTY

The home of Mrs. R. L. Vining
in Fairbanks was the scene of a
farewell party yesterday afternoon,
the affair being in honor of Mrs.
J. H. Caskey, wife of the owner of
the Citizen. There were two tables
of bridge.
Mrs. Caskey will 1eaye for Chitina
on Monday, on the first stage of
her journey to the States.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-09-06
SMOKING ALASKA.

Volcanic peaks in the far south
western corner of Alaska are in
eruption this summer evidently for
the benefit of a party of scientists
sent by the National Geographic
society to study Mount Katmai, the
greatest of Alaska's smoking noun
tains, and its Valley of Ten Thou
sand Smokes"
Persons arriving at Juneau re-
Gently from the volcanic country to
the westward brought word that
Shishaldin peak, on Unimak island,
in the Aleutian chain, was in erup-
ton recently. They also reported
it was believed Mount Bavloff, on
the Southwestern Alaska mainland,
also had spouted, as the snow about
the summit was coal black.
When the party of scientists left
Anchorage, on their way to the Kat
mai country, they said they believed
there was little likelihood of an
eruption this summer, and declared
they were contain there was abso-
lutely no danger attached to the in
vestigation. Katmai's last big elbow
off" was in June, 1912.
The party of 26 scientists is
headed by Prof. Robert A. Griggs,
of the University of Ohio, and some
are from Carnegie institute. They
are planning to make observations
of the botanical, biological and geo
logical effects Of the 1912 eruption.
In 1918, Prof. Griggs headed a
party of scientists to Katmai, and
returned with the announcement
that the crater was the largest on
the globe, and that near Katmai lay
a great valley whose floor was dot
ted with thousands of mouths vom-
iting gray vapory gas and smoke
This valley Prof. Griggs named
THE Valley Of Ten Thousand
Smokes" Instead of ten thousand
it is said there are literally millions
of smoking vents.
Congress recently set aside 'The
Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes
as national property, and it is be.
lieved that some day it will be &
second Yellowstone geyser field
Steaming springs, it is said, will
eventually take the place of the
present smoking vents.
Prof. Griggs and his party ex.
pect to remain in the Katmai dis
trict until the middle of September
Until they return, nothing prob
ably will be heard from them, a:
there is no direct means of com,
munication.
Moving pictures of the smoking
mountain and valley are to be
brought back by the party.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-09-06
New Puritan and Premium Ham
and Bacon. Fowler & Morris.
WILLIAMS TAKEN BACK
TO UPTOWN HOSPITAL

Harry Williams, the Shaw creek
miner who was brought to Nenana
several days ago by DR.. NJ. F.
Hall, for treatment at the Govern
ment hospital, was taken back to
Fairbanks today by DR.. j. A. Suth-
erland, who made the trip down
river to get him.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-09-06

dependence of all members of the
league" -including the British EN-
pire with her Ireland and her In
dia, Japan with her Korea, etc.
Unless the United States agrees
that every tribal war in Africa shall
become a matter of concern to it.
Unless the United States agrees
to let Europe, which does not I'M
dersand the western hemisphere, act
as the arbiter in any dispute we
may have with Mexico.
Unless the United States agrees
to contribute an indefinite amount
of money for the expenses of the
League of Nations and the leagues
multifarious activities.
Unless the United States admits
that the Monroe Doctrine is "a re-
glonal understanding.
Unless the United States surrend-
ers its war-making powers and aban-
dons its Constitution.
Assuming-andw we do not believe
i it for a minute-that the heart of
the world will break if all these
things are not done, we could have
but one answer:
Let it break.
This Shantung settlement, con-
tinues the New York paper, is an
open exploitation of helpless peo-
pie for the benefit of a strong peo-
Pile; it is a denial of the principle of
elf-determination; it is a shameless
overriding of the "!inalienable rights
of nationality 1t is a concession
to Japan of the privilege of both
conquest and annexation. 1t is a
barefaced compromise with spoils-
man who has demanded his price for
continuing solidarity with the allied
and associated powers and has re-
ceived it purely and simply because
he is strong and occupies a STRAIT
egic position.
J. Furthermore, Japan has obtained
its sop with the assent of the Amer,
can representatives at Paris, though
that assent is a betrayal of every
moral and written engagement,
Washington ever made with Pekin
and though it is an ironic sheer al
every guarantee and pledge in the
League of Nations covenant Mr.
Wilson has, in fact, sacrificed the
principles of the league covenant
high, worthy principles-in order tc
gain Japan's outward, hollow ad,
herence to it. What wonder that
the President prefaces his eulogy
with an emphatic conditional and
palpitates in anxiety lest his one
eve lamb of idealism come into the
world stillborn. For who knows bet
ter than he the poisonous nature OF
the artificial respiration which has
been administered to it?
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-09-06

Kenaaa, Where Rails ana Rivers Nee,
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-09-06
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE

Sunday school will be held in
the old commissioners office build
ing, opposite the postoffice, Sunday
at p. m.
The regular service will be held
at the same place at two o'clock.
Subject: MAN.
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-09-06
WEEKLY REPORT
SHOWS MANY ON
ROAD PAYROLLS

The weekly force report of the
Alaskan Engineering commission
for this division for the period end
ing August 80 shows a total of GA
employees, 206 stationmen and 43
stationmen's laborers, as against 642
payroll workers, 212 stationmen and
AZ stationmen's laborers the pre-
vious week. A total of 81 horses
were in use during the period un-
der review.
The distribution of labor was as
The Nenana daily news. (Nenana, Alaska) 1918-1921, 1919-09-06
Muffled.

"They tell me Jimson is over his
ears in debt"
Eyes; so much so that he can't
hear the doorbell when his creditors
call Exchange
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-23
TO HOLDERS OF
EMPIRE REFINING COMPANY
First Mortgage and Collateral Trust Ten Year
Sinking Fund Six Per Cen {. Gold Bonds.
Dated February LIST, 1917. Is

Notice IL hereby given that proposals
Company q New York, lao Broadway.
New York city. for the sale to the Sinking
Fund provided for in the lndenture be-
tween the Company and Guaranty Trust
Company OF New York. as Trustee. dated
February lst 1917, OF First Mortgage and
Collateral Trust Ten Year Sinking Fund
Six Per Cent. Gold Bonds OF Empire Re-
inning Company. dated February LIST, 1911.
ana secured by said Indenture. at prices
pal OF such bonds nat without interest.
On or before August LIST. 1919. this Com
pany VIII deposit with the Trustee SUM-
Client funds to retire on that date, at q
price not In excess OF the principal amount
thereof. plus a premium OF four per cent.
OF said principal. bonds equal in aggregate
face value TO 100000, and said fuua1 is
ton Of bonds OF said issue at not to ex-
coed the price above mentioned, All pro
posals should be securely sealed and
marked Proposals for sale OF bondsS to
sinking Fund under Indenture OF Empire
RehnlnB Company, dated February lit,
1917" must be for all or any part OF the
bonds offered and must DO received by
p. M on June cath, 1919.
Advlces as to bonds accepted will be
mailed on or before June 2sth, 1919, by
the Trustee
Coupons due August 1st 1919. should be
detached from the accepted bonds and
presented In the usual manner at the
once or agency OF the Company, 80 Wall
Street. Now York City.
Dated June 18th 1919.
EMPIRE REFINING COMPANY
BY FRANK w. FRUEAUFF.
Vice President
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-23
INDIAN REFINING COMPANY

Notice 70 hereby given that the Indfar
Henning Company intends, out Of moneys d
executed by said Indian Refining Company fe
The Mercantile Trust Company. as frnst&e
dated March 27th. 1911, TO redeem all u
Ftryt Mortgage Bonds now outstanding, is3tf{
under and secured BY said Indcnturc aud 49,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-23
70 HOLDERS OF
CITIES SERVICE COMPANY.
Convertible Gold Dsbsnturss
Series B. Seven per rant


Holders OF the above Debentures viii he
permitted TO convert, on or after July Nst.
1913, ten per csntum (l0s6) OF the aggrs-
gate principal amount OF Series Dsben-
lures owned by them respectively on Juns
LIST. 1919 Conversion may be requested by
such holders at any date after July let.
1919. aud upon delivery by them OF the
Debsntures so desired to be converted tprop-
srly endorsed II registered) 60 Messrs.
Henry L. Doherty q Company. Fiscal
Agents, such pebenturea will be converted
into cities Service Company Preferred and
Common stocks on the basis set forth u
such Dsbentures certificates for which
stocks will DO issued and transmitted to
suoh owners Ia tho amounts respectively
due Similar privileges of partial CONVEX
sion were extended to holders of Dsben-
lures OF record December LIST, 1913. january
ist. 1919. February LIST. 1919. April LIST.
1919. and May LIST. 1919. Ia
HENRY L. DOHERTY& COMPANY
FiseaIAseRts Cities SsTpice Conspang
60 Wall Strset
New York ''sssa
Dated June 18th. 1914
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
COMB SAGE TEA IN
HAIR TO DARKEN IT
lie orandmother's Recipe to keep,
her Locke Dark, Glossy,
Beautiful.

The old.time mixture Of Sage Tea,
and Sulphur for darkening gray.
streaked and faded hair is grand
mothers recipe, and folks are again
using 1t to keep their hair q good,
even color, which is quite sensible, as:
we are living in an age when youth
full appearance is Of the greatest adj
vantage.
Nowadays, though, we don't have,
the troublesome task Of gathering the.
sage and the mussy mixing at home.
All drug stores sell the ready-to.use
product, improved by the addition Of
other Ingredients. called ''Wyeth's Sage
and Sulphur Compound" It is very
popular because nobody can discover.
1t has been applied. Simply moisten
your comb or soft brush with It and
draw this through your hair, taking
one small strand at a time {; by morning
the gray hair disappears. but what de-
lights the ladies with Wyeth's Sage.
and Sulphur Compound, is that, be-
sides beautifully darkening the hair.
after a few applications, It also pro-
duces that soft lustre and appearance
Of abundance which is 80 attractive.
ADV.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
DON'T DRUG KIDNEYS
RUB BACKACHE AWAY
Instant relief! Rub pain, soreness and
stiffness from your back with
"St. Jacobs Liniment."

Kidneys cause backache? No!
They have no nerves, therefore can
not cause pain. Listen! Your back
ache is caused by lumbago, sciatica
or strain, and the quickest relief is
soothing, penetrating EST. Jacobs Lini-
ment." Rub it right on the ache or
tender spot, and instantly the pain,
soreness, stiffness and lameness dis
appears. Don't stay crippled! Get n
small trial bottle of "St. Jacobs Lini-
ment" from your druggist and timber
up. A moment after it is applied you'll
wonder what became Of the backache,
sciatica or lumbago pain. est. Jacobs
Liniment" stops any pain at once. 1t is
harmless and doesn't burn or discolor
the skin.
It's the only application to rub on a
weak, lame or painful back, or for
lumbago. sciatica, neuralgia, rheuma-
tism, sprains or a strain.-Adv.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
BoscHEE's SYRUP

Why use ordinary cough remedies
when Boschee's Syrup has been used
SO successfully for fifty-one years in
all parts of the United States for
coughs, bronchitis, colds settled in the
throat, especially lung troubles? 1t
gives the patient good nights rest,
free from coughing, with easy expec-
toration in the morning, gives nature
chance to soothe the inflamed parts,
throw off the disease, helping the pa
tient to regain his health. Made In
America and sold for more than half
q century.-Adv.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
chicago Food Prlee, Hiaher.

Chicago. March 24.-Some interest.
ing figures on food prices in Chicago
are made public by the Government
market news service here. Despite
increased receipts Of several commodi.
ties az compared with year ago.
prices were much higher at wholesale.
A year ago today there were 103 cars
OF potatoes on track here and thirty
three carloads of fresh receipts. To-
day there were 1854 cars on track and
fifty cars Of fresh receipts, but the
price today was $1.s5, compared with
$3.50 a year ago.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
Why Spell II at AIl7

why not spell Germany with a
small G hereafter" queries Superin'
terdent Shields. "Surely she has earn
ed the distinction.
1.-THE old widespreading, pot-bellled
capital G is typical Of German type
of other years, but the small g that
resembles a whipped dog, with its
down-hanging tail between Its legs.
is in keeping now" - Los Angeles
Times.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
President Hopes to Be Back in
Country With Treaty by
That Time.
May MAKE U. s. TOUR
Not Unlikely That Executive May Pro.
sent Views on League TO People
Of States Whose Senators
Oppose Pact.

Paris, March pa special session
OF both houses of the American con.
gress probably will be called to az.
semble about the middle Of May, the
date when President Wilson hopes to
return to the United States.
1t is possible that, II the treaty of
peace Is sufficiently advanced to war.
rant such a course. special session
OF the senate may be called even
earlier to afford it opportunity to deal
with this subject before being called
upon to direct its attention to other
important matters. chief of which will
be financial affairs.
Call TO Come From Paris.
It is held to be unnecessary for Pres.
ident Wilson to be in Washington
when the call for such q special SEES.
sion IN issued. for this may be cabled
from Paris In advance Of his departure
from France.
Mr.. Wilson. however, has reached
no decision regarding the question and
10 reserving the shaping Of his course
of action until he has . more definite
idea Of the date Of his return to Amer
lea.
Wilson May Make Tour.
The president 10 also keeping In
touch with the development Of senti.
ment In the United States toward q
League Of Nations.
II the situation appears to him to
demand such action, 1t is not unlikely
that. shortly after his. return from
Europe. he will make an extended
speaking tour, presenting his view of
the issue directly to the voters in the
states whose senators are opposed to
the ratification Of the league plan.
Program Reversed for Wilson,
Because Of President Wilson's de-
sire to attend sessions Of the council
of ten. and the League Of Nations com.
mission. the peace conference pro
gram was reversed. The council met
in the morning, while the League Of
Nations body met in the afternoon.
In connection with the league COM
missions session to consider amend.
ments to the covenant the text Of the
amendment proposed by the Swiss
delegation to the conference Of neu-
trails was given out. :;
Monroe Doctrine coversd7
1t reads: "This covenant shall not
be interpreted as containing anything
contrary to the sovereignty of states
except insofar as the state itself, by
adhering to the covenant, shall con-
sent, and the covenant itself shall not
interfere with the internal affairs Of
any of its members -
While the amendment does not men.
ton the Monroe Doctrine. it is tacitly
understood to apply to 1t. Some Of
the members of the American dele.
cation are inclined to accept an amend
mont on such lines. feeling 1t would
meet the demand of the United States
for some declaration in the spirit Of
the Monroe Doctrine.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27

A few cents buys tiny bottle Of
the magic Freezone at any drug store.
Apply few drops of Freezone upon
tender, aching corn or q callus. In.
stantly that troublesome corn or callus
stops hurting, then shortly you lift 1t
out. root and all, without any pain,
soreness or irritation. These little bot
ties of FreeZone contain Just enough to
rid the feet Of every hard corn, soft
corn, corn between the toes and the
calluses on bottom of feet. So easy!
So simple. Why wait? No humbugi
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
cuticura for Pimply Face.

cuticura for PimpIy Faces.
To remove pimples and blackheads
smear them with Cuticura Ointment.
Wash off in five minutes with Cuti-
cura Soap and hot water. Once clear
keep your skin clear by using them for
daily toilet purposes. Don't fail to in
clude Cuticura Talcum.-Adv.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
q q

Just as soon as you eat tablet or
two Of Pape's Diapepsin all that dys-
pepsia, indigestion and stomach dis
tress ends. These pleasant, harmless
tablets Of Pape's Diapepsin never fail
to make sick, upset stomachs feel flne
at once, and they cost very little at
drug stores. Adv.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
AZ Il 10 In the. CITY.

Jean was romping with her dog in
front of the house under the watchful
care Of her mother. A woman passing
asked her II she knew where GER
tain woman lived. Jean was over
heard to say, Eyes, she lives over there
in the third layer"
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
Cute I. the Word.

CUte - tne W0to.
Ever watch young thing trying to-
be dignified while wearing a new
spring skirt Awfully cute the way
she has to swing one little tootsie
around and get it directly in front OF
the other one in order to advance
eight inches.-Florida Times Union.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
Sensible Cir

Sensible Girl.
Maud haven't heard you practic-
ing on the piano since you got en-
gagged.
Edith-No. I'm practicing on the
gas range now.-Boston Evening
Transcript.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
MAY REFUSE TO GO TO PARIS
Germans pisine,ined to Send spec,.l
Mission to French capltal.

'sSSs~" ~ sSSuSu O0pSS0ss
Berlin, March 24.-The German gov.
eminent, 1t is said, Is disinclined to
send special mission to Paris for 4
meeting with the members Of the Al
lied peace conference II the reports
are correct that the Allied powers
will not permit Of a discussion of the
draft Of the peace treaty. The Ger
man delegates, 1t is stated, consider
that II they are not to be given hear
ing they can spare themselves the
trouble Of trip to Versailles and in
stead send messenger to bring the
draft Of the peace treaty to Weimar.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27

Final.
"What is the best test of realism in
play" 1.-THE real money it draws at
the box Office"
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27

Being in society is a good deal like
being in Jail; it isn't SO bad after you
get used to 1t.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
Practical Estlmate.

did you say Bliggins is good los
erl" Eyes" ''Why, even when his luck
is worst he never loses more than two,
or three dollars that's what I cali
a good loser"
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27

Life may be grand, sweet song to
some. but it's just plain "jazz" to lot
of US.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27

Fathers Definition.
PA, what is family jar?"
IA vessel Of wrath. my son."-Bos-
ton Transcript.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27

Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets put an end to
ness and Indigestion. Clean house." Adv.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
Panadoxical,

ParadoxicaI.
"Jagg has n lot Of dry humor."
eyes, and oddly enough, especially
when he has been drinking"
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
Undoubtedly.

"Say, has Miss Perkins dyed her
hair!"
That's not fair question"
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
END INDIGESTION,
EAT ONE TABLET
PAPE's plAPEPslN INSTANTLY
BELIEVES ANY DISTRESSED,
UPSET STOMACH.

Jumps Of undigested food causing
pain. When your stomach is acid. gas
sy, sour, or you have fiatulence, heart.
burn. here is instant reliet-No walt
ingl
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
MExIcANs ARE NOT INVITED
Receive No Bid to Paris Meeting Of
Neutral Nationa.

Mexico City, March 24.-The Mexi.
can government has received NO invita-.
ton from the Allies to send represen.
tatives to the conference of neutral
nations at Paris, the foreign office an.
snounces.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
lust Sol

Just So!
what is marringc?"
Love personitied.''-Bo Trans.
cript.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27
OFFERS BIG PRIZE
Will Give $4,000 for First Air Fitch,
to England.

Melbourne, Australia, March "a. -
The government of the commonwealth
announces prize of $4,000 for the
drst successful fight from Great Brit
ain to Australia by Australian avia.
tors.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1919-03-27

the hope Of relieving the food shortage
in Moscow and the north.
According to reports from Lithuania
a new and strong anti-bolshevik move.
ment Is under way in the parts of Rus.
STA controlled by the soviet govern.
ment. 1t is led by the independent
communistic" party, and its first ef-
forts are directed toward breaking up
the bolshevik army. by desertion If
necessary.