davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24
Applying the
Binet Yardstick

While it would be a good thing to
have classes for exceptionally bright
children, even if the selecting had
to be done by rough and ready meth
DDS, the precision of choice made
possible by the Binet scheme of tests
gives a strong additional warrant
for the undertaking. At Public
School g. Terman's revision of the
Binet scale is used for measuring
the superiority of the superior chill
dren, just as it is used for measur-
ing the inferiority of the billiards.
To think of Binet's invention as
merely a device for detecting feeble
mindedness is like thinking Of
yardstick as merely device for
detecting shortness.
Every one has heard of the Binet
method, but few know just what it
is. The idea at the bottom Of it is
a simple one-as simple as daylight
saving. 1t took a genius to think Of
it, but it takes nothing but common
sense to understand it. Binet took
about two hundred children of differ
ent ages and tried out on them tests
of varying degrees of difficulty. all
the way from "Show me your nose,
your eyes, your mouth" (passed by
most three-year-olds) to tests such
as have been used for classifying
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24
The Poor Little
Genius Salvaged

1t is interesting that this school
should be one of the first in the
country to undertake the work of
discovering it's brilliant pupils and
helping them to fulfil their promise,
for it is just in this sort of school
that such work is most needed. The
clever children of the rich find their
way to the top without much trouble,
but the clever children Of the poor
often waste in drudgery talents
which might have been Of the ut
most value to the world.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24

the men in our army. He then ar
ranged such of the tests as turned
out to be good age indicators in sue
cessive groups. For example, it was
found that about three-quarters of
the four -year-olds were able to copy
a square with fair success, whereas
very few three-year- -olds, and al
most all five-year- -olds, were able to
do SO. Copying square was then
classed as four-year-old test. Each
test was purposely placed in the
year where about two-thirds or
three-fourths, rather than all, of tie
children could pass it. In this way
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24

and was killed instantly, and who
was afterward picked up by a
policeman and carried to a hospital,
where it was thought that he would
not recover. Nothing, so far as
this patient was concerned, was
wrong with this story, and it was
the same with the one of the boy
who had three brothers-John, Bill
and himself. This girl was classed
as "high-grade imbecilc"
From Psychiatrist
To Physician
From Miss Burr the patients pro-
ceed into the adjoining room, where
DR.. Max Schlapp, the physician in
charge of the clinic, gives them a
physical examination, including a
very thorough blood test. DR..
Schlapp affirms that the criminal
instinct does not always arise from
an incurable affection of the brain
quite as often, he says, it is caused
by a diseased condition of the blood
and can absolutely be cured.
The object of the clinic is to sort
out the curably defective from
those whose cases are hopeless and
to endeavor to restore to mental
health those who respond to the
treatment and to place in proper
institutions all those, of either sex,
who will be a drag rather than a
help to the community in the days
of their maturity.
1t is hoped that the state will
continue to improve the conditions
of the institutions for the feeble
minded, as more and more light is
thrown by those who are studying
this branch of medical science
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24

ut is like nothing in the world
but the sound of the animals
at the Zoo, that peculiar moan
ing and groaning and droning of
inarticulate syllables which greet
the ears as one opens the door lead
ing into the long, white corridor of
the Post Graduate Hospital given
over to the clinic for the mentally
deficient. Rows Of wooden benches
face a line of oaken doors which
lead to the consulting rooms, and
on these benches are ranged each
morning a throng of children, all
mentally deficient to a greater or
less degree, each accompanied by an
older person, a parent or friend or
the probation officer from the Chill
dren's Court-for a great number
of the patients are sent from this
court.
It is a most depressing gather
ing, the sad-faced mothers, the
stold fathers, and the children in
all stages Of imbecility, waiting in
these strange surroundings. The
terror of the unknown turks be.
hind that row of oaken doors. an6
this does not tend to lessen the
general gloom. 1t is decidedly not
the place that one would choose tc
spend q summer morning. And vel
when one realizes what the visit
may mean to at least SO per cent
of these poor little wretches (fo,
90 per cent are helped, if not com
pletely cured, by their attendance a
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24
aned Detention Hospital for Mentally Defective Child1
BY ELENE FOSTER

down a steep hill to the railroad
station, and then he went down the
same hill home again."
"What is the matter with that
story?" asks Miss Burr, and one can
easily see that the child who dis
covers the "catch" in this is far
from being an imbecle.
Grading
Humans
There are five grades of the
mentally deficient, according to
those who have made a study of the
subject. The lowest is the idiot,
whose mentality is that Of three
year-old child or under. His one
normal instinct is self-preservation,
and he should not be kept in a
family where there are normal
children; he should be sent to an
institution, either public or private,
according to the means of his fam
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24
A Detention
Hospital Needed


Hospital Needed
What can be done for these poor
unfortunates in public clinic 81
being done at the Post-Graduate
Hospital, but no public clinic can
get the desired results with patient
whose natural nervous state is ex'
aggerated by the long waitingl
crowding and necessarily hurried
examinations. DR.. Schlapp and the
others in charge of the clinic real
ize this handicap, and they, together
with Commissioner Coler. Of the De-
partment of Charities, are doing
everything in their power to bring
before the public the urgent neces'
sity of a detention hospital. to Be
established in one of the city hos
pitals-preferably the Post-Grad'
: uate-w where patients may be kept
under quiet conditions and care
fully watched from day to day fof
a period of from three to ten days
before any decision is given on
their cases. One has only TO see
and hear that morning throng at the
Post Graduate Hospital to realize
what q blessing such place
would be-
Now that we have at last oO-
tanned hospital for the care Of
drug addicts let US turn our atten'
tion to the needs of that othe'
wretched class of human beings
who, through heredity or disease
are mentally deficient. A detentis'
hospital, if you please, oh, Cf'i
Fathers, and let it come right soon
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24

an "age-grade scale" was construct
ed by which the mental age" of
any child might be determined.
"Mental age" has a metaphysical
sound, but the meaning is simple
When the psychologist decides that
a certain person (child or not) has
mental age of, say, nine years,
he simply means that that person,
whatever his real age is, is more
like nine-year-old child in his men
tai development than he is like a
person of any other age. 1t is not
necessary in order that child
count as having mental age of
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24

to be substantially the same as in
the case Of the thousand unsolicited
American-born children, upon whom
these very tests were first tried out
in California.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24

mans wouldn't put up with him; and
he was glad enough to get back to
his old class, which wasn't 50 critical.
Ordinarily, though. the really clever
child has too much sense to be con-
ceited. He has a perspective that the
others don't have. he is too much
interested in ideas and in the world
about him to have much time to
think aonut his own Importance. And
this is all the more so When many
clever children are thrown together.
Each one compares himself with the
others and finds that in this com
pany he isn't so very remarkable.
1t is when a child becomes used
year after year, to being the one
bright star in a roomful Of medioc
rites that he is in danger of be-
coming conceited.
eve try to give these children a
more varied kind of education than
the ordinary public school child
gets," said Miss Irwin. "They can
give a good deal Of time to extras
and yet be ready for high school
earlier than other children. We try,
for one thing, to give them a chance
to see something Of the city. It's
surprising how provincial most
East Side children are. They SIM
ply don't know their way about, ever
the older ones, beyond the lirrlts of
their own quarter. These children
are taken on trips to the wilds OF
Central Park, to the Metropolita,7
Museum and the Museum of Nat
ural History, and t2 most OF The big
exhibits that come to town-tne mill
and dairy farm exhibit, the automo
bile show, etc. Here at school they
have drawing and modelling arr
music. Girls and boys alike use the
machine shops"
An Investment
In Geniuses
There must be people in the city
and Mr.. Marks, the school prin
TIE same old system, helo
back the foracard child
,Uith his other hand
Il
&c . ., :.
: 81 & H..
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24

dullest children are below it. Men
tai detectives got attention first be-
cause they were the troublesome
element in the classroom; explain
irg things to them took up a dis
proportionate amount of; the teach
er's time. The brilliant children,
on the other hand, went ahead
swimmingly and didn't bother any
one. 1t was only they themselves
that lost and no one sealized until
lately how much they lost.
At last, however, something is
being done for the poor little ge-
muses.. At Public School 90 the first
class for exceptionally bright chill
dren was formed two years ago.
Last year another class was started
and this year third, and the plan
is to add a new one each year, until
the whole school course is covered.
The school is at the centre of
population, on the lower East Side.
An investigation made few years
ago showed that SO per cent of the
5000 children in the school were
Russian Jews, 40 per cent were for
eign-born, and about so per cent
spoke a foreign language at home.
The material advantages of these
children are very limited, but their
mental equipment is fully up to the
average. All the children in the
first three grades, and some of the
older ones, have been given the Binet
tests, as revised by Professor Ter
man, of Leland Stanford, and the
distribution of intelligence is found
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24

child of ten or twelve, and who
is therefore competent to do work
which requires a certain amount of
reason and judgment.
There is a very fine line between
these grades, and one must have
had wide experience and sound
judgment to be able to separate the
classes. This is the work of the
psychological department, and the
results gained by Miss Burr in her
sympathetic treatment of these
poor little unfortunates are as far
removed from those recorded by
the workers who terrorize child
into surrender through fear as is
the modern treatment of criminals
from the system of the rack and
the thumbscrew.
The patient had not been in the
presence of that quiet little woman
for five minutes before there was
marked change in his demeanor.
His eyes lost their frightened look,
his muscles relaxed, and in so far as
he was mentally able, he seemed to
realize that he was in the presence
of a friend.
Some of
The Cases
There was a colored boy whose
speech was SO defective that it was
not understandable and who couldn't
place his right hand on his left ear
when directed to do so, or remem-
ber to perform two actions in Sc
quence. He was placed in the low
est class at once, although his
mother insisted that he was much
brighter at home, in fact, that he
was only slightly inferior in intel
lect to her other children. This
IS a common failing with the more
ignorant of the mothers. They hate
to admit that their child is unde,
the normal mentality, and tell al
sorts of fictitious stories to prove
that he is not so badly off as woulC
seem from the tests. They hampe,
the work of both the psychologist,
and the physician intellectually By
this attitude.
An Italian child of ten years Of
age was brought in who was subiec,
to epileptic fits. She spoke in queer
disjointed syllables and couldn',
stand alone without topping over
She, like the colored boy, was re-
corded as hopeless case and sub
ject for an institution.
A girl of sixteen, with the intelli
gence of child of ten, was ex
tremely nervous when she. came
in and screamed that she wasn'r
going to be told that she was mutt,
by no more DOCTORS" and that she
knew "as much as the dame at the
table, anyway" She passed all the
tests until she came to the stor,
of the bow who fell off hiz hicvcl.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24
Fifty Per Cent of Defectires Can b
Wholly or Partly Sairaged

on the subject of their proper en-
vironment ard treatment.
New-York tribune., 1919-08-24

T\DUCATION according to abil-
r. ity-that is the slogan at
Public School Cd. Let each
child go ahead at the pace that is
natural to him. If you push the
slow ones they will stumble and
fall; if you hold back the fast ones
they will lose interest in the race.
Carried out to it's theoretical ex-
treme this principle would mean
separate instruction for each child
and such scheme would be neither
practicable nor desirable. But in
any school of sufficient size the chill
dren can easily be divided into sew
cral intelligence groups and a plan
OF instruction proper to each
worked out. That is what is being
done at Public School "a.
Fostering Detectives,
Neglecting Genius
The general practice so far has
been to provide the advantages of
separate instruction for mentally
defective children only and to treat
al the rest as if there were no i'm
portant differences among them.
every teacher Knows that the
ghtest children in the school are
Is much above the average as the
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-10-14


A statement issued today by the
Periodical Publishers Association Of
America read in part:
"Some of the publishers are max
ing plans to remove their plants from
New York to other places, and many
western cities are bidding vigorously
to induce these publishers to con-
slider their particular localities. Three
very large publications have already
completed plans for permanent re-
moval and their printing machinery
and paper supply is now being ship
ped to Chicago"
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-10-14
PRINT PAPER GOING HIGHER.

S. S. Carvalho, one of the best
known newspaper men in the United
States, and formerly the general man
ager of all the Hearst publications,
stated in a recent interview that
newspapers are facing the greatest
crisis in the history of the industry
He said that 20 per cent. more pa
per is being used than is manufac'
tured; that high prices are invita-
hle, and that paper stocks are already
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-10-14

at the danger line.
MIR. Carvalho bases the increased
price of paper on the four following
things:
"Fhst-The labor cost per ton on
white paper is now $40 against SIC
four years ago.
"Second--It takes one ton of coal
to make one ton of paper and coal al
the mill has practically doubled in
price.
"Third- haul of pulp wood is
growing greater each year; likewise
the freight charges.
"Fourth-The six to nine cent
markets of Europe, South America
and Australia are now asking fo,
Canada and United States paper"
Before the war the price of pape:
was given little consideration b.
publishers in fighting publication
costs. Today it is a very importan
item. The only way to meet th'
,dvance is for publishers to secur'
better advertising and subscription
rates, the only sources of revenue.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-10-14

County Fair Association are hereby
required to prove their claims before
me, at my office at Abbeville Court
House, South Carolina, on or before
November 25th, 1919, or be there
after barred. ... .., ..-
Notice is further given that all per
sons claiming to be stockholders Of
said corporation are hereby required
to file proof thereof before me on or
before said date, showing the num-
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-10-14
THE HIGH COST OF LoAFINc.

1t is the high cost of loafing rather
than the high cost of living that
troubles America today, in the opin-
ion expresses in a recent issue OF the
"Corn Exchange, the monthly maga-
zine of the Corn Exchange National
Board of Philadelphia. The paper
says that the country is producing
less per hour, per man, than before
the war although the rate of con-
sumption is greater. This being
true, prices continue to advance and
further advances may be expected
until an economic balance is effected
between production and consump-
ton.
The solution of the problem as in
dicated by President Wilson, Cover
nor Harding, of the Federal Reserve
Board, and others, is to increase pro.
duction and reduce expenditures.
Investigation by large manufac-
turing plant of Philadelphia, says
"Corn Exchange" recently showed
that under identical circumstances
lie l-o1uctie:l per man per hour was
one half more before the war al
though wages have been doubled. An
other investigation which covered
several states and which was report
ed in the same paper showed that
while the average wage per man in
creased 240 per cent the production
perman, per hour, had decreased 62
per cent.
"The man who loafs on the job,"
says the paper above named, "no
matter what division of society he
belongs to deliberately elects to sur
render his claim to be an honest man,
for he is pretending to do something
that he knows he is not doing. This
lowering of the moral standard of
the people of the nation men,
aces the stability of the state"
The paper concludes: "Let us be
honest with ourselves by recognizing
the high duty of working at maxi
mum speed at whatever task circum-
stances bring to us. The loafer is
father of the liar, and the liar is
traitor to all that we hold dear in
America. It is the worker who has
always won, the shirker who has al
ways lost. Let us stop talking about
the high cost of living. Let US put a
stop to the high cost of loafing."
STRIKE SUSPENDS
ALL MAGAZINES
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-10-14

Der Of shares Of stock held by each
stockholder, and the amount therof,
and failing, such stockholders will be
Larred from participating in a divi-
sion of the funds Of said corporation.
THOS. P. THOMSON,
Master A. c., s. C.
9-19-to Nov. 25.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-10-14

New York, Oct. 10.-The contro.
veTsay between certain local unions
and their international unions over
their demands of the former, which
include a week of from 81 1-2 to 44
hours and an increase of $34 pei
week and double and triple overtime.
70 take effect immidately, has closed
every magazine printing establish
ment in New York. Some of the To-
cal nuions have retained their men,
bership in the International union,
while the pressmen, feeders and pa
per handlers are reported to have Sc
ceded and struck.
The publishers of the magazines,
meanwhile, have no choice but to sus-
pend until the unions settle their diff
ferences. This means that lectures,
Golfers Weekly, Pictorial Review,
Cosmopolitan, >Scribner's Century,
Hearsts Magazine, Metropolitan,
Munsey's, Popular, Delieator, Every
body's, McCall's, Popular Science
Monthly, Vogue, Vanity Fair, Motion
Picture Magazine and 152 others, to-
gether with many of the largest
trade papers in the country, will not
appear at the usual time.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-10-14
NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS AND
.-... CREDITORS

TO Prove Claims, Etc.
NOTICE is hereby given, pursuant
to an order of Court made in the case
of William P. Greene Plaintiff, a.
gainst Abbeville County Fair Associ-
alton, Defendant, dated September
18, 1919, that all persons having
claims against the said Abbeville
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-10-14
land from there we went to Iapan'

Talk about adventures !
Men in the Navy come
home with the kind of
experiences that most
chaps read of oaly in the
books.
Here's your ckancel
Uncle Sam has, as you know,
a big Navy and gives red
blooded young fellows like you
an opportunity tc step aboard
and "shove off,.
What will you Get out of il?
Just this:
A chance to rub elbows with
foreign folks - Strange parts cf
the world.
The chang rcr gcot honest
work on shipboa1d-the Kind of
work that teaches you something
real; the kind of work that puts
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1919-10-14

beef on your shoulders and hair
On your chest.
You will get 80 care-free vaca.
ton days a year, not counting
shore leave in home or foreign
ports.
You will have the kind of com.
radeship in travel that sailors
lnow.
You will have regular pay,
over and above your meals, 1odg- e.
ing and your first uniform outfit
good stuff all of i.
You can Join for two years.
When you GO trough you'll be
Physic-.ly a:.i. mentally "tuned
Up" fo- t:,e rest of your life.
Eo@-l bs ready through and
t,roug:l l>- SUCCESS.
There's a Recruiting Station
right near you. If you don't
know where it is, your Post
master will be glad to tell you.
Republican farmer., 1919-08-29
SCOUR RIVER REGION
 FOR BkNDITTI

Maria. Texas, Aug. 23-Pur- suit of Mexican bandits by the American punitive expedition is continuing south from the point in Mexico where an American camp has been es- tablished, it was announced to- day. The trails are not con sidered hot" however, as the bandits have reached the mountain Businesses and it is feared have escaped.
 Major General Joseph T. Dickman, commander of the southern depart ment of last night for San Antonio after familiarizing himself with the details of the punitive expedition Before leaving the General said an effort would be made to pay the ban dits the s6,50O remaining of the ran som money for the aviators.
Republican farmer., 1919-08-29
OF
 GRAND AERlE
 CLOSED TODAY

New Haven. Aug. 23-After install lation of .hc newly chosen officers thc Grand Acrie, F'raternal Order of Eagles. concluded it's annual conven- ton today. Del. Carey Smith. of Spokane. Washington, was the install ing officer. Resolutions of various character touching upon convention proceedings and Inequalities were adopted. That to record the order as being in sympathy with the prin- ,lplc of self-detcrmination for Ireland was formally offered by Frank F.. Herring. Conrad II. Mann and A. B. Duncan past worthy grand presidents. The grand acre gift to A. B. Dun- -. res SsSfring president. was a case oI sIfver.
 The drafts of the articles creating an organization department, a liceum bureau and an insurance branch, and amending the ritual and bylaws were made available to delegates to carry to their local aeries.
Republican farmer., 1919-08-29
HORIZONS TRY
 TO GET HOMES
 FROM vl''..sTAS

Douglas, Ariz., Aug. 22.---Some of the several hundred Mormons who were driven out of their colony at Colonia Morelos, sixty-five miles southeast of Douglas by Villas army of invasion in 1916 are endeavoring to recover their homes from the Mex ican squatters who have usurped them. About ten Mormon families still live in the colony but are not permitted to occupy their own brick houses Mexican families are living in them and refuse to quit, proclaiming the doctrine of Mexico for MeXicans"
 Many other Mormons, disheartened by their reverses have begun life anew in the United States. Appeals have been made to the Mexican au- thorities by the Mormons without re- suit Recently the American State De- partment asked the Mexican govern ment to drive out the usurpers and restore their property to them. The colonists hope this effort will be sue cessful.