The sun., 1919-05-27
URGES CLOSER RELA TONS
BETWEEN u. s. AND CANADA
William Bruce Ellison, Born in Ontario, but Prominent
in New York Since 1882, Gives Illuminating
Facts to Bolster Up His Plea.

the same latitude as the Italian island
of Pianosa.
The northwest corner of the Canadian
Yukon territory is In 20 degrees north
latitude. and some of the Canadian ISL
ands In the Arctic Ocean to the north
east are In a little higher latitude
Mackenzie Bay, at the mouth of the
Mackenzie River. in the Canadian North
west Territories, Is In about the same
latitude as the White Sea
There is continuous railway connec-
ton through Canadian territory from
the city of Sydney. In the Province of
Nova Scotia, to the city of Vancouver, in
the Province of British Columbia-a
railway distance of S.SS3 miles without
any break except Canso Strait, across
which trains are ferried. The distance
by rail and water from Sydney to Daw-
son City. In the famous Klondike gold
country of the Canadian Yukon terri
tory, IL 5.3S3 miles.
From a commercial point of view the
geographical situation of Canada Is re-
markable. Reaching out In the Atlantic
and Pacific oceans, much nearer to both
Europe and Asia than the United States.
It seems destined to be the worlds high
way for travellers and for goods requir-
ing fast transportation. Well con-
structed transcontinental railways offer
to travellers from ocean to ocean.
While Canadian railway trains can
approach much nearer TO Europe than
those of the United States, large ocean
vessels from Europe go UP the st. Law
renee River over one thousand miles
into the interior of the country for over
seven months of the year.
Great Water Communication.
Any one looking at the map of Cam
ada must be impressed with the ex-
traordinary facilities for water COM
munlcation. The Maritime Provinces
are almost surrounded by deep water
and their coasts are indented with a
great number of fine harbors.
The st. Lawrence River and the great
lakes give communication in summer be-
tween the sea and central provinces.
! while the west can be reached by way
of Hudson Strait and the vast interior
waters of Hudson's Bay. although naviga-
| ton o. the strait is DISTRACTED by float
| ing ice for the greater part of the year.
| There are great lakes and rivers in the
west which afford means OF internal
communication in summer for a vast
area of country, while British Columbia
has also a number of navigable rivers,
and its extensive coast abounds in great
! hRrbors.
A great part of the Arctic coast IS
usually obstructed by ice, but there Is
reason to believe that communicate ton
could be maintained between the mouth
| of the Mackenzie River and the Pacific
Ocean by way of Boring Strait for a
considerable portion of the year. Navi-
cation on the interior waterways Is OBJ
structed in many places by waterfalls.
but short canals overcome the difficulty
ha efrir iUbf
and power for traction and manufactur-
ing purposes Canada already has an
extensive system of canals and others
are projected.
The climate of the Dominion is also
worthy Of consideration. 1t depends as
much upon local influences as upon lati-
tude. The elevation, the character of
surrounding waters and the prevailing
winds must be taken into consideration.
! Thus. while the climate of northwestern
| Europe is moderated BY the Gulf Stream.
the Arctic current chills the coast OF
Labrador: but only a small portion OF
British North America suffers from this
| disadvantage. The greater part Of Can
ada Is particularly favored by local sur
roundings. which can best be explained
by describing the different provinces and
territories separately.
Cold Is seldom Chilling.
In studying the winter temperature.
given in descriptions OF the different sec
tons OF the country II should be noted
that the minimum temperatures recorded
are seldom experienced. and that they
never last moro than a few hours at a
time-usually during the night or early
in the morning. When the thermometer
| registers below zero the atmosphere Is
usually very dry. clear and full of ozone.
The cold seldom chills the body.
Newly arrived immigrants from Eng
land. who have the climatic conditions
of the old land fresh in memory. nearly
all agree that the cold of Canada in
winter is far less disagreeable than that
of the British Isles. Generally the tenn
peratures are lower In winter and higher
in summer than in the same ATTITUDES OF
Europe, but this Is not the case along
the Pacific seaboard. where the winters
are milder than in the same latitudes of
Europe-the warm waters of the Japa-
reese current having an influence upon
the climate of the Pacific coast exactly
opposite to that OF the Arctic current
upon the climate OF Labrador
AS Canada and the United States lie
alongside each other from the Atlantic
Ocean to the Pacific, It is interesting to
note some of the important differences
| DtlNttn lNcHl ne lines Oh the
United States are much straighter than
those of Canada. having comparatively
few indentatlons The Canadian coast
lines on both oceans abound IN CULTS
and bays, which make feeding and
breeding places for fish and afford
Ravens for fishermen, giving Canada the
most extensive sea fisheries OF any coun-
try in the world. Except the great
lakes. which are shared in common by
the two countries, the United States has
few lakes.
Many Lakes Filled with Fish.
Canada has almost innumerable lakes
well supplied with fish. The great lakes,
which carry "A large part of the COM
merce of both nations, havo their outlet
through the ST. Lawrence River, run
ming for over n thousand miles through
Canada before II reaches the ocean
This fact must be regarded as OF great
commercial importance when II is re-
membered that some of the greatest
cities OF the United States, including
Chicago. Milwaukee, Detroit, Cleveland
Toledo and Buffalo, are located on these
lakes.
The United States has no coal or
! either the Atlantic or the Pacific sea-
board. but has great quantities OF Goa,
In the interior. Canada has large Goa
areas on both its eastern and western
seaboards. and mining operations are
carried on under the ocean as we'll as
under the land. while the central prov
inces of Ontario and Quebec lack coal.
Canada and the United States share
the great Niagara water power. but Can.