Arizona republican., 1919-02-13


 range to-the best advantage and to dis tribute stock properly. These inspec- ! uons resulted in an increase in graz ing authorizations of all of the na- tional forests of the country by over a l million head of stock In this dis trict 1t resulted in an increase of GA. 900 ! head of cattle and horses in two years. | He said that the forestry reserve nave been carrying on extensive eX- periments in the southwest 10 deuer- mine among other things how much drouth conditions as have occurred in the past four years can best be al- leViated. An example of this work. he said, is the soapweed feeding experl- ment carried on at the tornado Reserve during the winter of l917-1S. Cows Ted from 15-lS pounds of soapweed chopped up mixed with ono pound of cotton seed meal per day did we'll In closing Mir. Hill declared that their purpose was to act as a clearing house for information regarding the features of range management which has been found to be an advance oven existing practice Next to rid tn. range of wild cattle. worthless horses and rebuild the carrying capacity 10 it's maximum by proper protection and to | make it possible to produce the great est amount of meat and meat pro ! ducts possible. not only on our forests ! but over the entire state
 ! Dr. R. H. Williams. of the Arizona l University delivered an able address ! on the Range Fence Problems" In ! his talk he pointed out the various advantages of fencing the ranges. say | ing there were some disadvantages against fencing, among which the ex- | pense was the most important. yet the advantages greatly predominate. | He pointed out that stock will be more | gentle and more easily handled on a | fenced range. for much of the work can | be done when they come up to water. | lie said there would be no tendency to overgraze but rather the policy will be 10 develop and conserve rather | than to exploit. The cattle keen in good condition throughout the year. he said, on the fenced ranges. but on | the public domain they are gradually | decreasing in size. weight and vitality | and there is no doubt that the ranges under fence are better cared for and | the number of cattle that can be car ried on them can be increased from 20 ! to 100 per cent
 He pointed out that inside fenced enclosures animals may be forced to l graze where they will do least iniurv to feed by changing them from one pasture to another or closing the water holes. Fences also allow one to use the range at such times and accord | ing to the best methods to secure the maximum returns from the feed pro- duced.
 It is doubtful, he continued. if stockmen can afford to invest more than s100 to s150 in land and fences 10 maintain a COW a year. The inter est on this amount at 8 per cent would be $S to SIP a year. If the interest drops to f or per cent and if the land l is well selected, greater investment may be made in the purchase and fencing of land. but as a rule it would be well to reduce the overhead ex- pense as much as possible.
 In concluding, he touched briefly on the topic of fences aiding in the loca- ton Of cattle, of fences promoting stock improvement, how they increase the returns from the range and in
 crease calf crop. Undoubtedly the day has passed. he concluded in Arizona when stock can be maintained without some fences. These fenced ranges are coming fast and will remain. One can not expect stockmen to develop and improve the open range, for it belongs to everybody, and they are going to abuse the open range and protect wha: they have under fence as long as no pressure is brought to bear on them. The fence. however, he said is the ba - sis for more permanent development of the country.
 The talk of the morning was given by that excellent speaker and enthusi- asst. Mir. George Maxwell. The climaxes in his speech were received with round after round of applause.
 | Water Conservation Increases Prof.
 it's"
 "Everybody-All Together-for Ari- Zona."
 These were the two slogans coined \ by MT. Maxwell in his address. The | speaker handled his subject in a way
 so unique that the address will be lone | remembered by those who heard it
 He said that, as she had sat looking al the audience while listening to othr
 speakers who had preceded him, he had | been trying to think of some way ir which 10 impress on the minds of hi: hearers as with a branding iron, two | foundation principles that he wanted
 to formulate in a way so striking that II NHtN itNtl NOuiu nt lOIEOltPn. f1t
 said he could think of no better illus.
 tration than to assume that he had tho two propositions made into two brand. ing irons. one iron for each proposi tion. and that they were to be branded on the sides of every COW on the rang. in Arizona. so that no cattleman could
 ever see one side of any of his COW! without seeing one or the other of thes. | two ideas branded on it in letters s, large that he who runs may read" There Is not a cattleman in Arizona = said Mir. Maxwell. who does not full, I realize the fundamental fact that it i
 the amount of water that goes int,
 plant life that is the measure of tn
 total output of stock annually in th
 state of Arizona. You may say it |
 the amount of grass. said he. or tn
 amount of alfalfa. or the amount of al
 kinds of stock food combined;, bJ
 when you come down to the last anal
 ysis. it is the amount of water that vol
 have been able to save and turn int
 plant growth that measures and limit
 the total amount of stock food yo
 will produce In any one year.
 He pointed out that for fourtee
 years he and his associates had bee
 carving on campaign throughou
 the United States for what is known a
 the Newlands river regulation plan q
 water conservation.
 Under the Newlands river regulatio