Evening star., 1919-03-16

employe into the closest friendly re-
lationship possible. and the commits
sion is going to find out how the ex-
perience of Great Britain can help
the United States in handling the
same problems.
While these trade leaders, bound
overseas to study conditions, oppor-
tunities and methods, were counsel
ing together as they crossed to an "old
world made new by war. the United
States Tariff Commission put on the
presses a survey of Americas expe
cial treaties since 1854. and including
those Of all nations, with the advice
that this country should adopt pol
icy OF equity of treatment"
This report. which has an important
bearing on postwar foreign trade
conditions and which
SURVEY of will be seriously con-
n.. sidered in the shaping
e"'Aes' of a national policy re-
garding commerce with other nations,
especially in view of the fact that the
new Congress soon to be convened
will undertake as a principal task
the revision Of the tariff and the in
crease Of import duties to safeguard
American industry, is divided into
three main sections. 1t deals with
the reciprocity experiences of the
United States. the policies and prac-
tices of this country in regard to COM
mercial treaties, and in particular
the use of the most characterization
clause. and the tariff systems and
bargaining methods followed by the
principal European countries.
The survey of American reciprocity
experiences covers all the cases in
which reciprocity between this and
other countries was established. Par
ticular and timely attention is paid
e, 70 the as reciprocity treaties Of 1854 with h
reciprocity agreements concluded
under the tariff acts of 1890 and
1897 with number of Latin
American and European countries;
the reciprocity treaty of 1902
with Cuba: the arrangement Of 1904
tariff treatment on certain American
products. and especially wheat -four,
and the unsuccessful attempt in 1910
IL to establish reciprocity relations
with Canada. Demonstration that the
reduction in the Cuban sugar duties
market price Of raw sugar and an
attempt to appraise the value to
American exporters Of the existing
Brazilian preferential on Ameri-
can products are among the subjects
Of special interest at this time.
The recent denunciation by Great
Britain. France. italy and Russia of
all Of their most characterization trea-
ties a n d
Most-Favored-N Nation their re-
Policy Discontinued. tsntton toateu IN, H.
abandon the historical European
practice in regard TO the interpreta-
ton Of the MISREPRESENTATION clause
make this a study Of immediate and
pressing Importance. There is a his
torical record Of American diplomatic
and judicial practice in regard to
this clause. an analysis Of the various
forms in which this clause appears.
comparison Of the European and
American theory and practice in re-
gard to its use and Interpretation and
an analysis of most-favored-n ma tion
treaties to the practice of making
special reciprocity agreements.
Special chapters are devoted to a
historica! and critical account Of the
OF Germany. France and Russia.
The recommendation Is made that
the United States should follow the
poiicy OF equality Of treatment in its
commercial and tariff policy This
equal1ty OF treatment should mean"
the report says. that the United
states treat all countries on the same
terms and in turn require equal treat.
ment from every other country.
Each country the IInited
states as well as others-should be
ieIt Tree TO enact such measures as it
deems expedient for its own welfare.
nuI tne measures adopted, whatever
the same terms and the same treat
ment for all nations"
Enacement by Congress Of penalty
duties to be imposed at the discretion
OF the President on the
Penalty product Of countries which
nu+;.. discriminate against the
United States ia urged bv
the tariff commission, in order to pre-
vent unequal treatment of American
commerce by foreign countries.
South American trade is compre-
hended under these reciprocity and
commercial treaties even more so than
trade with Great Britain or France
and to educate the potential trade
centers to their opportunities to ex-
port to the republics to the south and
to take return cargoes of imports. the
united states bureau Of foreign and
domestic commerce is sending special.
~ lifted men to discuss this subject
Defore the business leaders in some of
the large cities. For example, L;ros.
venor M. Jones. assistant chief of the
bureau, is touring the south. In
speeches. at Tampa and Miami, Fla,
during the last week he pointed out
now the big business pioneers are
!eading the way into South America -
the Standard Oil Company, with big
holdings on the west coast; Charles
Schwab, developing mountain of
iron; the big American packers, cor
trolling the packing business Of the
east coast.
TT is highly important that all boats
carrying cargoes to and from South
America should travel in both direc-
tions will full cargoes." he said. thus
emphasizing again Uncle Sans will
ingness to trade it out" He pointed
out that we must acquire q taste for
the things that South America pro-
duces-just as the Germans before the
war acquired such a taste, and even
as we propose to educate the people of
South America to taste for the COM
modfties produced in the United
States. He emphasized the necessity
for American capital to develop the
rich resources and possibilities of
South America for the mutual trade
advantage OF the two sections of the
western hemisphere.
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Supplementing such community for