davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
SPENT FOUR BILLION,
GOT u GUNS IN WAR
{. s. Succeeded Only in Fur
nishing Two Days Supply
of Shells.
specinI De.pntch 70 TUE SUI.

WARRINGTON, Aug. 1.-THE War De-
partment during the war expended
nearly s4.50o. 900, 600 for ordnance. How
ever. only seventy-two American made
guns and little more than enough shells
for two days artillery preparation for
a big battle reached the firing line, Rep
resentative Graham Qll.), chairman Of
the special House Committee on War Ex-
penditures, said to-day.
These figures, Mr.. Graham said, were
obtained from the War Department as
the result of the committees investiga-
tion during the last four weeks.
. The Ordnance Department has ex-
pended" he said, according to its own
figures, S1.1s1.ls2,s50 for artillery. the
net result OF which was to deliver sew
enty-two American made guns on the
firing line, From France an additional
400 were secured for the American
forces These figures do not inclpde
ten guns borrowed from the navy And
twenty-eight from the coast defence.
The only guns which reached the firing
line, according to officers who testified
before the committee, were forty-eigh MT
of the Al inch guns and twenty-four of
the s inch howitzers A total Of 10000
guns were contracted for, OF which
4.0s2 were finished when the armistice
was signed, but OF which only 4S1 had
been shipped to France.
quite as appalling Is the showing
made by the munitions section OF the
Ordnance Department. The total sum
expended for munitions was S3.173,0l4,-
456 and the net result of this expendi-
ture was 10.637,539 shells OF all descrip-
ton landed in France, little more than
enough for two days artillery prepare
ton for a big battle. II is OF record that
the British fred 2,753,O00 rounds OF
ammunition in their preparation for the
battle OF Messines Ridge and 100000
in preparation for the battle OF the
Somme. The figures given refer to am
munition of all classes furnished the ex'
peditIonary force by the War Depart
ment except these from foreign Govern
ments.
1T is noteworthy in comparing pro-
duction with cost that the bulk of this
ammunition turned out was of the
completed, 2s4 out OF the 4S1 which
reached France were 75mm. calibre
while only ninety-six guns that could b
considered real heavy artillery were re
| ceived.
"Of course the 75s were the popular
! field piece and the one most needed, 81
4 that no -crtriCfsm can etacf1' to- tn
| Ordnance Department for supplying tina
| gun, but the cost is OF course small a.
compared to that OF the large calibr'
rifles and howitzers, thus making tn
discrepancy between the sums expended
and the guns produced all the moro re
/ markable."
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
INVOKED FOR PERSIA



Pans, Aug. 1.-THE Temps, discuss
ing editorially the recent accord between
Great Britain and Persia, says that
however tmperfecty the terms OF the
agreement are known as yet It is clear
that Persia's independence IL affected.
The writer quotes Article Y. OF the
League Of Nations pact, to which Persia
has been invited to adhere. and asserts
that one would have to be q mere phari-
see to argue that this pact is not yet in
force. Persia's constitution. he says.
demands that treaties be ratified by the
National Assembly. BY the time such
an assembly could be constituted, adds
the writer, the treaty of Versailles would
be in force and Article X. applicable.
In. the long negotiations at Teheran,
while the Persian delegation vainly
awaited an audience OF the Paris con-
ference. does not the British Govern
ment see there Is indefendble antagon-
ism between the policy practised at
Tsheran and the engagements 1t made
here?" the writer asks In conclusion
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
JAIL THREAT. HAS NO
TERROR FOR ACTORS
Chicago Strikers Ready to
FoIIotD A. F. of L. Leader.

CHICAGO, Aug. 17.--Ahidavlts citing
members OF the cast of up in Mabels
Room" who Joined the actors strike
last night, to show cause why they
should not be punished for contempt Of
court were being prepared to-day by
counsel for the Woods Theatre, the third
local playhouse to be closed by strike.
The affidavjts were to. be presented in
court Tomorrow.
The fifteen members Of the company
struck last night. in obedience to an
order from the Actors Equity Associa-
ton In New York directing them to
follow instructions Of e. w. Nockels,
secretary Of the Chicago Federation OF
Labor. Nockels ordered them out. The
action was taken in spite of notice
sent the actors yesterday by Circuit
Judge Walker that TO strike during
tendency Of injunction suits started by
the managements OF the Woods and
Palace theatres would make them liable
to punishment for contempt Of court
Nockels at q meeting Of members OF
the labor federation was reported to
have said he might have to go TO jail
tomorrow. The meeting voted full sup
port to the strike. and members said
II Nockels went to jail they would go
with him.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18

satisfactory view yet Of the big plan
for this distribution. as u affects most
OF Africa and Asia. but the facts are
beginning 10 come out and we will pres
emily know more and more about the
whole truth"
This whole matter Of the parcelling
out of the middle-mean--East will be
the subject of inquiry when the Preei-
dent meets the Foreign Relations Com
mlttee OF the Senate Saturday. There
is particular concern to know Just what
commitments have been issued on behalf
Of the United States regarding accept
ance Of mandates in the former Turkish
Empire.
Secretary Lansing assured the COM
mittee in his testimony that no mandates
had been accepted and the committee
men assume that is perfectly correct.
But they are nevertheless suspicious that
some tentative assurances have been
given, possibly by the President alone,
as to his future policy in this regard.
This alone, I. Is said, could explain the
persistent reports from European capi-
tails that the United States IL expected
to assume large responsibility in the
Balkan area and Armenia.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
BRITISH FORCE BEGINS
TO LEAVE CAUCASUS
Government Does Not Think
Massocres Imminent.
Special Gable Despatch to The suS from the
London Times Service.


London Times Service.
Copyright l9i9 oil rights reserved.
LONDON. Aug. 1.-THE British War
once authorizes the following state
ment:
THE British authorities, while fully
alive TO the grievous position in which
the Armenians would be placed by a
sudden withdrawal of British troops. do
not regard the danger of a massacre as
imminent. The evacuation by British
forces, about two divisions, Of their
positions In the Caucasus, shisfy in
Georgi. will be very gradual, extending
over two months and commenced on
Saturday
nrst OF the Withdrawing men will be
entirely out of touch with Armenia, The
movement is understood to be from west
to east. the last place of Importance
TO he evacuated being Bahu.
III is quite mistake TO talk about
q withdrawal of British forces from
Armenia. for we have never had more
than a few outposts actually In Arme-
MIA. guarding property and lines OF COM
munication. No doubt their presence has
given a sense of security TO an area
whore feeling among the different sec
lions of the populace has always run
dangerously high.
But the chief restraint on the pop
ulation has not been the presence of
few British soldiers in Armenia, but
the knowledge that there has been at
hand strong European force in the
Caucasus. Undoubtedly its withdrawal
will weaken restraint and diminish Sc
curfty. and efforts are consequently be-
ing made TO secure an effective policing
OF the country by an arrangement
among the allied Powers"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
WINDOW CLEANERS
DEMAND $50 A WEEK
Also a Closed Shop and "a
Working Hours.

The window cleaners are the latest TO
Join the ranks Of the strikers. Peter s.
Darck. business agent Of the Window
Cleaners Union, said last night that the
entire window cleaning trade is feeling
the effects OF the strike and that al
though a conference was held with the
employers at the Broadway Central last
Saturday night no agreement was
reached.
Darck said also that about a thousand
window cleaners met In Casino Hall in
East Fourth street yesterday morning
and formulated their demands. A
closed shop, window cleaners TO be paid
not less than s36 a week and a forty
four hour week
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
BRITAIN BLOCKED
PERSIA IN PARIS
Vetoed Every Appeal to Other
Allies for Assistance in
Her Upbuilding.
RUSSIAN MENACE SEEN
Pre-War Aggression Of Slavs
Is Challenged by New Mo-
nopoly of England.
Special Gable DsspaicA TO The srs

Copyright. 1918, all rights reserved.
LONDON, Aug. 17.--within six weeks OF
the signing Of the covenant Of the League
Of Nations, which provides in Article
VIII. for the liking Of the scale Of ma
tional ornaments by the Council Of the
League, Great Britain has entered Into
an agreement with Persia TO supply that
country with such military officers.
munitions and equipment as may be
considered necessary.
Furthermore. Great Britain is to sup
ply and Persia to pay for whatever
expert advisers are deemed TO be neces-
sary after a consultation between the
two governments. The money for i'm
proving conditions In Persia, amounting
to $4,000, 900, win be loaned by Great
Britain at the comfortable interest OF
I per cent. while as further evidence of
her good will. England 10 prepared ~
cooperate in the revision of the treaties
already in force with Persia, the first
In regard to Psrsia's claim to compen-
sation for material damage inflicted by
the other beIiigerents and the second In
regard to the rectifcation of Persia'i
frontier where 1t IL agreed to be tustih-
able.
For months past, the Persian delega-
tion In Paris has been seeking to lay
specific questions before the conference,
II has been reported that every nation
represented in Paris has been perfectly
willing to hear Persia's statements ex-
cept Great Britain. For example. II wa
desired to engage certain French educa-
tionaIs for Persia but this was vetoed
by the British for the purpose OF
maintaining their monopoly. By obtain
ting this monopoly Great Britain hal
placed herself In a position to do fol
Persia what Persia desired the peace
conference to do In the name OF all the
Allies.
Practically, Persia now forms & lini
in the chain of British influence from
Egypt TO the antipodes. Especial!
important Is the bearing of this nev
agreement upon future relations between
Great Britain and Russia, which In pre-
war days pursued q policy OF activ'
aggression in northern Persia and II
practically certain to hold similar aspira'
tons when a stable government II
established in the former empire Of thu
Car.
Under the old regime. Persia practi
cally was divided between Russia and
; Great Britain, the former taking tn
northern part Including Teheran. thu
capital and the British the south. wit
a neutral zone between. The treaty b,
which this was done still is In effect and
there Is little doubt that in time Russii
wtA claim that It Is still binding agree
ment. which might entail grave possibHi
ties as between, Russia and England.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
SENATE TO ATTACK
BRITAIN IN PERSIA
Borah Sees Mope to Get
Worlds Oil Control.
Special Ds.pateA to THr sux.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 17.-Great Brit
aims policy toward Egypt and Persia, in
relation to the proposed League Of Ma
tons, will be twice attacked in the SEN
ate in speeches this week. Senator
Rorah Idaho) will devote himself to
this In his address tomorrow, and Soma
tor Mccormick (In) will announce to
lie Senate his intention to speak later
m the week on British actions toward
Persia.
In Senator Borahs speech, the Per-
sian phases will deal particularly with
recent reports that a protectorate has
in effect been negotiated In favor of
Great Britain over all Of Persia and thai
IT, recognition and avowal of the fact
that the Shah OF Persia IL TO pay a visit
OF state to Great Britain. The fact that
he will fall. while on this tour, to visit
France has already caused comment In
France suggestive of disaffeetion there.
The very FRANK admission in England
that Great Britain's position in the
world Of petroleum will be greatly
strengthened by the newly secured privi-
hges in Persia has aroused great IN
terest here. There IL much concern
about the British Governments activity
looking to control Of OIL territory ali
over the world and recently resolution
Weo PANSShhca AiAo oc-lAlo AbkllR In
formation about reports that special
privileges had been given by the United
States OF Colombia TO British oil in
terests in that country. Because OF this
report the treaty between this country
ard Colombia was withdrawn after /,
had been reported TO the Senate. and il
viii be held up until at least there is as.
surapce that nothing Is happening In
Colombia TO the disadvantage OF Ameri.
can oil concerns which hold large prop
critics there.
Not only will Mr. Borah discuss the
Persian situation with reference 20 the
oil situation. but he win develop hi,
views regarding the British programme
Of controlling by way of Egypt, Arabis
and Persia a route through by land from
the Near East TO India and ultimately
perfectnig a Calcutta TO Cairo route
Likewise the assignment OF great sphere.
Of influence in the Near East 20 Franc.
VIII come In for attention, with the pa
ticular purpose OF demonstrating, as Mr.
Borah said to-day, that the League o,
Nations Ii not for tho great Powers but
for the little fellows. The Eastern worlt
10 at the beginning OF a distributor
nominally among four Powers-Britain
France, Italy and Japan-but reall,
among three. for Italy will get might,
little out OF II We cannot get a YER,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
COSTA RIGA FREES
POLITICAL CAPTIVES
Slayer of Vice-President Tin
oco Still at Large.

SAN JOSE, Costa Rica, Aug. H.
Congress granted permission on satur-
day. August 0, TO President Tinoco to
leave the country on account OF I'll
health. on the same day his brother,
Joaquin Tinoco. Minister OF War and
First vice-President, resigned the Vice
Presidency, Gen. Juan Bautiste, Quiros.
one Of Costa Rica's most prominent citi-
zens, being elected to the Office. 1t was
expected that both the Tinocos would
leave the country within a few days.
At o'clock Sunday evening Joaquin
Tinoco was killed with an automatic
pistol by an unidentified assassin, who
has not yet been captured. The crime
produced enormous excitement through
out the country. Joaquin Tinoco was
buried with military honors on Monday
On Tuesday President Tinoco turned
over his office to Gen. Quiros and left
the country with his family. The as
sumption of the Presidency by Gen
Quiros was received with deep satisfac-
ton throughout the country. All po-
litical prisoners have been freed, gen.
eral amnesty granted and demobilizA.
ton has already begun. President
Quiross Cabinet is made up as follows
Minister of Finance. Manuel Argon
Minister of War, Victor Manuel Quiros
Minister OF Foreign Affairs. Guillermc
Vargas: Minister OF the Interior. Ale.
jandro Aguilar; Minister of Education
Salustio Comacho.
Perfect order prevails in Costa Rlca
KINGSTON, Jamaica. Aug. I6 ode
layed).-Federico Tinoco, for the las
two and a half years President OF Cost;
Rica, in a statement on his arrival her,
to-day. said he believed the assassin o.
his brother. Jose Joaquin Tinoco, haC
come from Nicaragua and that thu
assassination had been planned In Nj
caragua and Washington.
Gen. Tinoco said that he decided Il
leave Costa Rica on account of hi
health about a month ago. At tina
| time perfect order was being main
tained. and all invasions OF the countr.
from Nicaragua 'fostered by Gen. Cha
MORO, President Of that country" ha,
been successfully suppressed by hi
! brother, who had been Vice-Presiden
and Minister of War. Gen. Tnoco ha,
arranged for his brother to assume tn
reins of government during his absence
but Joaquin, having decided to accom-
pany the General to Europe. resigne
the vice-Presidency last saturda,
night 1t was arranged that tn
I brothers and their families should leav
! Costa Rica on Monday.
| Last Sunday night, while his brothe
was on his way TO an appointment wit
the Minister OF Finance, Gen. Tinoc
I said, he was approached by an unidenti
/ ned man who shot him in the bach
Gen. Tinoco said he believed the assas
sin was a paid bandit from Nicaragus
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18

the deserted appearance Of Paris yes,,.
day. Never In the last hye years, eve,
when the long range guns were busIs,,
and airplanes were bombing the cItr
every night. has Paris presented such !,
deserted appearance.
There was a four day week end hon.
day, Assumption Day falling on FRIDAY
and IT is estimated that $780, 900 person,
left the capital for the four days. Prom
the st. Lazare station II Is estimated =,
least 10000 persons departed for Brl,'
tany and Normandy. More person,
passed through the station than n,
mobilization day" August 2. 1914
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
To seII Good. by AirpIane.

'rhe first American travelling sales
man 10 start on q selling tour via air
plane viii leave Eighty-thlrd street and
the Hudson River Wednesday afternoon
at 1880 o'clock. He IL Roland Bassett,
representing manufacturers OF overalls.
and his route will follow the Hudson
River to Poughkeepsie. with stops being
made TO take orders at Yonkers. Peeks-
kill. Newburgh. 30.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
LUNCH ROOM STRIKE
LEADS TO RIOTING
Chicago Police Called to Sup
press Three Outbreaks.

CHICAGO, Aug, 17.-Riotous outbreaks
in which few shots were fred took
place late tonight in connection with a
strike of lunch room employees, who at
a meeting In an I. w. w. hall earlier in
the evening, voted to strike at midnight.
The police quelled three different dis
turbsnces In the downtown district
One I. w. W. organizer was arrested
this afternoon. He was charged with
circulating literature.
Only about 100 lunch room workers,
said to be employees OF three chains of
lunchrooms, attended the strike meeting
at the 1. W. w. Hall. They demand
an eight hour day and a minimum OF
500 a week
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
RAINS FAIL TO BREAK
HEAT WAVE IN PARIS
Exodus From City Greater
Than on Mobilization Day.

PARIS, Aug. 17.-Heavy rains fell In
Paris and the surrounding district last
night and early to-day. but they offered
only slight relief from the excessive
heat from which Paris has suffered for
a week Thermometers hlYo been how
ering between IS and 95 degrees and
some, in the sun. actually have recorded
100 degrees. Lyons reported a Their
mometer showing 100 degrees Reports
from the provinces say that the ex-
tremely hot weather is inturpig the
harvests.
The extreme heat IL blamed partly for
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
ARMY PREPARES TO
PAY BANDITS $4,000


their relatives to urge the payment OF
the ransom. While no official announce
ment was made tonight IL was under
stood the ransom would be paid to an
agent of the bandits tomorrow morning,
and II is believed the courier carrying
the kilograms to the aviators also was
authorized to inform the bandit leader
OF this fact
The full text OF the statement issued
at military headquarters tonight by
Gen Irwin follows:
"A telegram was received this after.
noon by Major L. A Walton, com.
mander of the aero unit at Fort Bliss
repeating a message signed by the two
aviators who have been missing sincs
Sunday, stating they had been captured
by Mexicans and were being held fol
900 ransom which must be paid b,
August Is, or they would be killed.
This message was brought into {
town in the Big Bend district by a wei
known bandit. Col. G. T. Langhorne
commanding officer of the Eighth Cav
airy and the Big Bend district, wiret
the commanding General OF the FL Pass
district that the message Is authentic
and that he is taking AN necessary meas
ures to secure the release of the avia
tors and has presented this matter Il
the proper authorities.
Lieut.. Peterson Is 25 years old and Il
from Hutchinson, MINI. Lieut.. Davis Il
20 years old and is from Strathmore
Cal
SAN ANTONIO. Tex. Aug. 17.-Major
Gen. Joseph 7. DickmAn, commander o
the Southern Department. and stan OF
ficers were in conference late to-nigh
| over reports from Candelaria. Tex, tina
- .-t
| ators. are being held by Mexican bandit
| for $4,000 ransom. The ransom. arm
authorities have been advised. must b
paid Monday to Dawkins Fitzpatrick.
| storekeeper at Candelaria. under penalt
Of death for the aviators.
Gen. Diclman said reports receives
| indicated the two airmen came down a
the little town of Dilares. which Is Of
both sides of the Rio Grande. He de
clined to state what steps had been take
| to effect a rescue or whether he had bee
| in communication with Col. George
Langhorne. commander of the Big Ben
district. He said a report OF the Incl
dent had been telegraphed to Washing
ton.
| HUTCHINSON, MINI, Aug. 17-Lieu,
H. @. Peterson, who, with Lieut. Pau
Davis, is held for ransom by Mexica
bandits, is the son Of Samuel @. Petel
500. a clothing merchant Of this cit,
i His mother and two sisters are the tw
| other members OF the family.
Lieut.. Peterson enlisted in the avis
| ton corps at the entry of the Unite
| States into the war. Most of his wor
| has been done at Ellington Field, TIE,
! His aerial stunts were so daring tha
/ upon one occasion he was put unde
restraint for almost three months.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
DEPoRTED GERMANS DEFIANT
shout Insults to Australians as
Vessel Leaves sydney.
Special cable Despatch TO THE Sun from the
London Times Service.

London Times Service.
Copyright. 1919, all rights reserved
SYDNEY. Australia, Aug. IT. Ger
mans who are being deported from
Australia sing die Wacht am Rhine
and shout insults when the steamers
leave. In the House OF Representatives
demand has been made that they
should be publicly tried before deporta-
ton
The Government replied that the Ger
mans in certain communities. despite the
crushing defeat OF their fatherland, were
as trucuient as ever and the Government
was determined that the safety Of Aus
tralia should not be further imperilled
by the presence of these aliens,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-18
spain Accept. League of Nation.

MADRID. Aug. liking Alfonso yes.
terday signed the law authorizing a..
hesion by Spain to the covenant OF TIA
Lea que OF Nations comprised in tba
treaty of Versailles, that part Of tha
treaty dealing with the organization =,
labor also being accepted by Spain.