davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
Conferences Planned

Conferences for the purpose of working out policy of forestry for the United States are being planned by the forest service, to be held in 10 or more cities in various sections of the country. The first conference was held this week in Washington by men representing es- pecially Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey Virginia and West Virginia. The definite date and the dates for the conferences to follow are to be announced as soon as ar- engagements can be completed
 State officials and men known to have a deep interest in forestry problems will be invited to attend the conferences for their section.
 "The public forests we have now are not going to meet the requirements of the country said Col. Henry S. Graves, chief of the forest service, in a recent ad- dress. "No matter how big a programme of public forests we have we still must recoebize that a large portion of the benefits which have got to come from forestry in this country must come from forests now privately owned. The forest service has started vigorously to bring about a reasonable practice of forestry on all private lands which remain in for ests. The programme includes as an es- sential part a greater public forest pro gramme, more extensive acquisition of forests by the federal government, by the states, and by municipalities. A great many other things will have to go into the full programme, but the great pur- pose is to get the forests of this coun- try under a rational system of manage ment"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
Planting Velvet Beans
By E. F. CAUTHHEN
Associate Agronomist, Auburn

ASSOCldLe ASTOnOmlSL, AuDurn. The common practice of planting velvet beans has been to drop the seed by hand between the hills of corn in the drill. When the beans came up they were us- ually below the surface of the corn mid dles. The soil was worked down to the corn, and in working it down around the corn plans. many beans were covered up resulting in "a poor stand and a re- duced yield /
 A better practice is to make the corn rows wide and to plant a row of beans in the middle between the corn rows When they are planted. in this way, the beans can be dropped with planter at a uni i form depth and space, thereby securing a good stand.
 The early cultivation of the beans is made easier because an implement suited to the cultivation of the beans is used. It may be scooter and scrape or it may be two-horse cultivator The operator has only the row of beans to watch. If the riding cultivator is used, it strad- dies the row of beans and gently works the surface soil up close to the beans. In few days the cultivator straddles the corn row and works the soil around the corn and stirs the remaining uncul- tivated space between the corn and the beans, thus working the entire surface of both crops.
 The early vines that reach over to the corn plants are broken off with culti- vators. When the corn is laid by, the vines reach over to the corn plants and climb upon them.
 This method permits a thicker planting or beans, easier cultivation and secures a larger yield of seed.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22

with uniform texture cannot be made
 in this way.
 To make a good market cheese allow
 the milk to become sour and firmly
 curdled. Break up the curd and heat to 100 degrees Fahrenheit in about 20
 miLutes, stirring occasionally while heat
 ing Let the curd stand in the hot whey
 for about 15 minutes. Remove the whey
 by pouring through a cheese cloth sack
 allowing it to drain until no more ap-
 pears The higher the temperature to
 which the clabber is heated or at like
 temperature, the longer the curd rema ns in the hot whey, the harder and dryer the
 cheese will be. By regulating the time and temperature cheese of desired consistency can be made The curd should be either worked thoroughly or run through a coarse meat chopper. Salt to taste, or about one ounce of salt to five pounds of curd is a medium amount. Add either cream or whole milk at the rate of about one-half pint to five pounds Of curd. The softer the cheese the sooner it will spoil and sour, but it may be kept for several days in cool place. The yield is about one pound per gallon of milk used.
 The cheese should be packed in neat. attractive packages; a number of styles ular being the one-pound size Kleen Kup: Gem Fibre package, and water proof paper package used for carrying ice cream. It is well to line these pack ages with parchment paper.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
The Potato Wart

Keep sharp lookout for potato wart this season and report all suspicious cases and send specimens immediately to your county agents, your state experiment. stations or the United States Depart ment of Agriculture, and thus aid in controlling this menace. If this dan gerous new disease gets established it will put a stop to potato growing in the in fested area and lead to a quarantine of the locality. At present potato wart has appeared only in few gardens in min ing sections of Pennsylvania, whien are now under strict quarantine. It reacNed tEere in shipment of European po- tatoes in 1911 or earlier. Thirteen million bushels came in that year and some of them may have been infected: conse- quently every potato grower is urged to watch his spuds, particularly at dig ging time, for signs of small. warty growth, particularly at the eyes. These growths may increase until ultimately the entire tuber becomes a spongy, warty mass. The United States Department of Agriculture has published a circular which describes the wart disease.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
Live Stock Prices Lag

Live stock prices received by farmers have not kept pace with the advance of crop prices since the beginning of the war. This fact has been established by recent investigation by the bureau of crop estimates, United States Department Of Agriculture, and it provides specific explanation for the general compalint of the live stock farmers that they have fallen behind in the procession of war time prices of farm products. A tendency to recover ground relatively lost by live stock from 1914 to 1917 appeared, however, in 1918.
 From 1914 to 1915 crop price advanced 2 per cent and live stock price declined per cent, and by 1916 crops had gained I1 per cent in price and the live stock price had poined the upward movement and gained 7 per cent on 1914
 A much greater disparity between the two classes of prices developed in 1917, when crop price gained SS per cent on 1914 and live stock gained 61 per cent The disparity diminished in 1918, in which year crop price rose to 106 per cent above 1914 and live stock price to Ss per cent above
 The difference between the two relative positions of the crop price and the live stock price with reference to 1914 was 10 in 1915 and in 1915 27 in 1917, and IS in lsS, so that in the last year recovery of lost relative position was tending in favor of the live stock price, but there was still wide gap between the two.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
Preventing Smut In Corn
By GEORGE HALL

Pract1cally every farmer in the land is familiar with the formaldehyde treatment TOT the protection of their wheat and oat crops against the destructive smut rav- ages. Many of them also know that about me only way to insure a nice clean free l from-scab crop of potatoes is to treat the seed before planting with a formaldehyde solutlon made by mixing one pint of 40 per cent formaldehyde with every 30 gal Ions Of water used How many farmers, 1 however, have tried this same solution for the prevention of smut in the corn held? It sounds strange, doesn't it? I have had farmers tell me they have tried it with marked success. Only a few weeks ago farmer assured me that he had ! been troubled for years with smut in his corn, but last year took the advice of a neighboring farmer and treated his seed, with the remarkable result that he har- vested, for the first season in many, a field free from smut.
 When we consider the alarming condi- tion of some of our corn fields due to the
 prevalence of smut. it seems as though the question of formaldehyde treatment should be given more than mere passing
 attention, especially as there seems to
 be some evidence in favor of good re-
 suits.
 The treatment of seed corn for smut
 is the same as for oats or wheat. Sprinkle
 and shovel over seed on a clean floor until
 all is thoroughly moistened. Use one
 pint of formaldehyde (40 per cenO to 40
 gallons of water. Heap up and cover with a blanket or carpet over night. Then
 spread out in layer and shovel over ire quently until dry enough to plant. Wash
 corn planter with same solution to insure
 the destruction of all smut spores. One
 pint of formaldehyde Boosting 75 cents)
 would be sufficient to treat all the seed
 corn needed for planting on most dairy
 farms. Surely an experiment that costs
 only 75 cents is worth trying when there
 is chance of harvesting a smut-free
 field of corn.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
Cottage Cheese
By W. H. EATON Assistant Dairy Husbnndman, Auburn (Prepared bY Extension Seruina A..l.-.

Fly w. H. EATON Assistant Dairy Husbandman, Auburn tPrepared by Extension Service. Auburn. Skim milk on the average farm is con- sidered of little value except as a feed TOT calves and hogs. but when made into cottage cheese it is one of the best snb stltutes known for meat Cottage cheese when properly made contains higher percentage of body building material protein. than the choicest meats which are served on the farm table and this toothsome dish can be made without ex- pense and with very little labor.
 For supplying protein or body building material one pound of cottage. cheese equals:
 1.27 pounds steak.
 152 pounds fowl
 1.46 pounds ham,
 LBS pounds pork chop.
 For supplying energy one pound of cottage cheese equals:
 SIS ounces steak.
 10% ounces fowl
 5h ounces ham,
 6 ounces pork chop.
 In making cottage cheese the first and most important essential is good flavor and the next is the uniformity of the product. A good favored cheese can only be made from clean skim milk that has not been allowed to become too sour.
 The home method of cottage chees mex ing consists in placing curdled milk. either heated or dnheated in a cheese cloth or cotton bag which is hung up and allowed to drain until dry. This makes fairly good dish for the shome table, but for the market this method is un- satisfactory as q good keeping product
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22

A community boys agricultural club at Hodges, Route ?. in Marion county, IS fortunate~in having for it's leader re- turned soldier boy who has vision of what a rural community should be. Marvin Davis was in a coast artillery unit and fought through the battles Of the Argonne Forest and the Mouse val ley Part of his time was spent With the famous Rainbow division and he min gled in the dugouts with the Rainbow boys the night before they went over the top for the last time in their drive toward Sedan.
 Marvin had attended the agricultural school at Hamilton some years before he went to the army and was known as a thoroughly progressive farmer but his vision was broadened greatly by his observations in the old country, and he determined to see what could be done in his home community. Upon his re- turn he decided that the most effective means for improving the agriculture and general conditions of the community was to organize a boys agricultural club and get the active support of the community back of
 The season was growing late. The dis trict school had closed and the teacher, nonresident was gone and probably Will not come back. Marvin saw that IL was
  his neiehbors wrote to Auburn for ma terial and instructions, secured the as sistance of a successful teacher and clup worker from a neighboring community and organized his club. The club elected Marvin as chairman of it's advisory com n,;ttee and two wide-awake farmers. who have bows in the club, as the other mem bers. The entire community is now work. ing enthusiastically for the success or this club. ..
 Marvin is offering free trlp 10 the State Fair as first corn club prize ana a neighboring breeder is offering reg istered pig as first pig club prize. nea, little sum has been raised for addltlonal prizes. A community fair or ciup snow will he held early in October. at Wnlcn the club products will be 1udgeo anu prizes awarded. - :, Recently Marvin received notice that a club man from Auburn and the county superintendent of education would pc aronnd to visit his members. and he was requested to accompany them. Instead he called a meeting. and though the day was perfect for farm work and the peo. ple were very busy, all the members put three. all the members of the committee and several other men and women were nresent. Indicative of the interest aroused when the visitors would have closed the meeting to allow the people to return to
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
More Co-Oepration

Members of the county farm bureau at Preston, Conn.,, have completed an or Eenization under the name Preston Co., Operative Exchange, Inc.," with a char tar membership of 20 men. This exchange iS capitalized at s1O,000 divided into shares at $25 each. Ony farmer may become a member by subscribing for one or more shares Provision is made in the by laws that any member desiring to with draw may do so, with the approval of the beard of managers, upon giving three mcrths' notice in writing and returning his stock, for which he will receive not less than par value.
 That all bills for goods sold to mem bers shall be paid before the goods are delivered is required by the bylaws. This is essential to the success of such an organization and the stockholders have strengthened the bylaws with vote that no exceptions shall be made. By pay ing cash at the car for goods, the paid in capital becomes revolving fund, be- ing used only to secure and open cars upon arrival.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22

1 tain amount of knowledge on the part of the operator can scarcely be consid- cred a disadvantage. The training can be easily obtained at small expense But too many men attempt to run tractors without learning anything about them except the starting, stopping and Shifting gears. The important thing is the ability | to detect trouble the minute it begins l to develop, and know how to remedy it | promptly instead of allowing it to run along until an expensive delay results. | It pays to spend few days gaining ex- perience under a competent instructor It | is unwise to attempt to run a tractor without such preparation. With the in- creasing use of tractors, as well as au- | tomobiles and stationary engines, farm | CTS are rapidly becoming familiar with l the care and operation of gas engines. At | the same time, tractors are being im- I proved and simplified so that difficulties | in operation are growing less each year. 1 The comparatively large investment 1 rapid depreciation, and fuel and repair | bills have also been mentioned by farm l CTS as points against owning tractor. l They point out, too, that tractor is not adaptable to all farm work where horses | are ordinarily used. However, the tractor can do much work that horses cannot do , work where belt power is needed.
 FIT TRACTOR TO THE FARM One or the most important polntS 10 consider when buying a tractor is the size of the farm Experienced tractor owners rarely recommend the purchase of a tractor for use on farm with less than 120 or 1S0 acres under cultivation, and for such farms the two-plow outfit is us- ually preferred However, most of the farms on which tractors are being used successfully are somewhat larger than | this, and majority of the tractors pull ] three blows. Four-plow machines are be
 ing used satisfactorily on some farms where there is larger amount of work | to be done, and where the conditions are
 such that one man can operate an out | fit of this size.
 Size, however, is not the only factor to
 tc considered, and the question whether
 or not a tractor will prove profitable is a
 problem in farm management which must l be worked out for the individual farm.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
Varieties of Soy Beans

SThe Mammoth Yellow is the standard variety of Soy beans. It is the latest largest and also the most vigorous grow CT, producing a large tonnage of nutri- tious hay. Especially valuable to Virginia and southern states. and is also used quite extensively throughout the north and west where large hay crop is de- sired, or for turning under for green ma nuring Maturity, 145 days.
 The Tarheel Black, like the Mammoth, is also a very vigorous grower of the late Varieties, and especially recommended for hog pasture, on account of it's large production of seed. Makes a heavy, up- right growth, being slightly earlier than the Mammoth Yellow. Maturity, 14O
 The Brown makes a very large yield Of both hay and seed An excellent type for sowing with cowpeas, as they ma : ture about the same time. Maturity, 40 days.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
Fine Milk Production

The pure-bred Holstein COW, lilly AL cartra, owned by A. w. Morris & Sons of Woodland, Cal, has just completed an other worlds cfVo ,pion milk record. This time she produced 33,425.3 3 pounds of milk containing 105S.42 pounds of butterfat. This is the worlds record milk record. This will be 91 .57 pounds of milk day on an average during the year. It all most seems impossible for COW to ac- ccmplish such a feat.
 This is, 2000 pounds of milk more than given by any other Holstein cow It is 5000 pounds more than given by any Guernsey. And it is 13,000 pounds more than given by any Jersey COW. lilly AL cartra beat her own worlds champion record. She previously had yearly test of about 31, 900 pounds of milk.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
RETURNED SOLDIER IS LEADER

their work questions flew so thick and fast that half an hour elapsed before the meeting could be closed
 The community plans to make the club permanent thing of interest to all the people, and through the Club to stand ardize their hogs, poultry and corn and possibly other products. Cooperative marketing will also come in for share of their attention
 Thousands of returning soldiers will be dissatisfied with the home conditions to which they return, and many, like Mar win Davis will set out in an earnest en- deavor to better conditions. No com munity can fail to keep step with a leader of such vision and unselfish purpose.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
knife when
 vein

surely result If, on the other hand. dry picking is to be practiced, the birds are cut to bleed and are also stuck through the brains to paralyze the feather muscles. The latter operation Is Some- times performed by running the knife under the eye at such an angle that it's point will touch the skull midway be- tween the eyes and title behind them; or the braining is accomplished by plac- ing the knife about half way down the groove in the roof of the chickens mouth, annd then thrusting it up until the knife reaches the top of the skull. The knife, as in sticking under the eye, should touch the brain in the pack part of the skull. The point of the knife should then be twisted slightly, so that enough brain tls- sue may be destroyed to paralyze the bird and cause the feathers to loosen.
 BLEEDING FROM BRAIN
 If the "outside- stick method is prac- ticed, practically no blood escapes But if braining inside the mouth is adopted, the cut blood vessels in the brain find an outlet through the knife hole. Bleeding from these vessels, under any c1rcum- stances, is of assistance in obtaining the best results, and where the neck vessels are missed the condition of the chicken is often greatly improved by the bleeding from the brain.
 In killing. the chicken is held in a U-shaped shackle. The thumb of the killer is pressed firmly down on the head just below and behind the ear where the hinge of the jaw occurs. Pressure O. the thumb on one side of the skull and on the other side at the same place with the forefinger, or with the forehnger and second finger, will result in open ing the chickens mouth and hold 1t open while the operator makes the cut tc bleed. Held in such fashion, nothing con stricts the blood vessels and prevents the blood from escaping. The pressure against the jaw makes acurate cutting oi the veins easier, since the bird can not close it's mouth Care must be taken not to stretch the neck unduly, else the yes sels will be pulled to such narrow diameter that they are more difficult to find and also more difficult to empty
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
Harrow and Cultivate

Every practical farmer realizes the 1m- portance of killing weeds and grass com- ing in the young crops during May. It is a well known fact that if the crops can be kept clean during this month they stand a much better chance of producing maximum yieids-also that the later cul. tivations will be less difficult. Nothing will accomplish so much in cleaning the land and cultivating the growing crop as the section harrow and light cultivator. If you want to be sure of a full crop at the 1east expense use the harrows freely, even if it requires little extra hign- priced help. It is sure to pay in the long run.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22
By MRS. JOHN c. MOSES


 Ante-mortem preparations of Biddy and her full-grown brood for the guillotine consists in abstaining from food and drinking plenty of fresh, clear water during the "A hours before killing time
 If dressed poultry is to reach the con sumer with the best of flavor and whole. ance, and in the best possible state Of pr reserva tion, it must be properly killed and dressed, as well as properly raised. A large proportion of the unsightly poul- try in markets is caused by an incom- plete removal of the blood from the car cass. This is evidenced by red dots which frequently appear where the feathers have been removed, especially over the thighs and wings, or by small veins over the breast and in the angles of the wings, or larger veins which mar the ap- pearance of the neck.
 Usually it is the neck which shows most plainly the presence of blood in the fowl, or that wrong method has been used in cutting the blood vessels The neck is the first part to discolor, be- coming first red, then bluish red or pur- pie, and finally green as aging progresses. Often there are discolore5 areas, which lcok like bruises, on tha sides of the neck close to the head. These are com nionly caused by the killer holding the neck of the bird when cutting the veins and thereby preventing the blood from esca ming
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-22

Cotton operatives in England are now working 551s hours week, the machinery in both the spinning mills and weaving sheds running 10 hours day from Mon day to Friday. and 5ls hours on Satur- day.