davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09

that very high percentage OF men in
the Allied trenches were verminous.
The dissemination of lice occurs
mainly frcm the infested person.
Vermin may be dislodged while dress
ing or undressing. They may be trans
ferred TO bedding or straw or be blown
by the wind from person to person,
Contact In sleeping or assoc!at!ng N
close quarters provides means q
transfer.
Aside from the worry aroused Wy
contact with them. the tingiing Sensa
ton from having them crawling on
the body, and their peppery sting with
its subsequent itching. there IN far
greater cause for wanting to shun
them. These little lice have probat .y
been responsible for transmitting 1.
larger percentage OF disease in the
tor.
Diseases Transmitted BY Them
Never in the history or, the world
las the subject OF insect borne dig
eases become so prominent as II has
since the discovery that several Of the
great diseases which ravage armiea
are transmitted by lice. Had the sc!en.
lists not known how typhus fever was
spread the entire nation OF Serbia and
possibly most of the peoples OF eastern
Europe and the poor people OF all -he
stricken warning nations. as well 81
the men IN the trenches, might haw
been wiped out AZ matter OF fact
! probably one-third of the Serbian M,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09
70 5aE1 @c5zSIs<o5, cskxTE1eo'
Hx11 1NZr IzexNG7A/oI2e Lo0y<a

country's foremos. entomologists the \
innermost secrets Of the "coo.ie'' fam
lily are being discovered, The So
called crab-icuse type Is the harmless
type; 1t Is not transmi.ter OF disease
but It is very annoying, and It's pres
ence is great reflection on d me.i~~
cleanliness.
The body louise that depends on sa.,,
man blood for sustenance Is caiiea ssss
clothes louise. 1t Is a dirty graz s ~
and lives In a mans r.e,A'rs Az
inner and outer. These So. ,.s
eggs In the hair. In ss~-..a esaa s,#
garia, prisoners were fouri wl.a :.
in their ely ebrows
Under proper conditions OF moissg
and temperature 1t takes from -
days for eggs TO mature. A si1E
female louise can lay from o15 IL 3cn
eggs In 20 TO 80 days. The ave sc
length OF life OF r male louise IL sts
days. and or a female louise IN dag &.
Such facts as these and multiple,
ity of others in connection with The
habits OF the pests and their methods
of transmitting disease have been in
corporated In circular bulisfin sen.
out from the Office Of tho Surgeon
General for the information OF depart
ment surgeons. surgeons OF Forces IN
France. and alb other classes OF on
GERS having authority at special camps
base hospitals. Independent posts and
ports OF embarka.iou.
Indeed. the entire study o. the reia
ton between disease and insects ~
receiving a vast amount of serious a.
.tention. The present war demands
that all the brains OF Americas great
est men in all different lines be mobf'
ICED TO combat the enemies cS trancl
life. be they gas attacks. air raids, or
noxiqus insects: the medical entomoios
sists. therefore, are busy supplying
the war authorities with the fruits or
their experiments in their line. The
fly that Is responsible for the spread ns
the dread Astatic cholera and n.
mosquito that carries yellow fever. aS
well as the body louise. are coming In
for their share OF Interest. WAefese X
this interest will work towards ths
safeguarding Of the health Of tho
American soldier.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09

| ditions, as seen by our troops, II be-
gins to look as II the starvation stories
were merely to excite sympathy and
were not really true.
CobIenx
| Coblenz, the first city placed under
martial law by the United States
troops, is one OF the most delightful
cities on the Rhine. and well-known
! to all American tourists. 1t lies at
| the confluence OF the Moselle and
Rhine Rivers and Is the capital Of the
| Rhinish province of Prussia and be-
fore tho war had a population OF about,
$1,000. Few towns on the Rhine can
vie with Il In either beauty OF scenery
or IN the wine trade, for this Is the
home OF the sparkling Mosslle. Stand
ing rs 1t does at the junction OF the
two of the most picturesque rivers in
Europe 1t commands o most charming
view In every direction. Tho town
was founded by the Romans. who
built the great military road which
was reconstructed by Aureiian In 40
AIS, A. u. Numerous Roman tomb
stones are still found along this road
over which American visitors to Gar
many loved to motor. Coblenz was of
little Importance until the establish
meut OF the Rhinish Towns confedera-
ton.
The occupation by the army OF nn.
other nation 10 not new to Ccbienx tor
during the thirty years war 1t was
garrisoned by Swedish and French
troops. In 1918 It became Prussian
and converted into one OF tks strong
- 1ertreseeS IN the Rhine, but since
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09

from time to time by. fire and rebuilt.
1t is Romanesaue building With six
gothic towers the highest of which
rises To 219 feet, The eleventh CEN
tury bronze doors Still remain which
are wonderful in their artistic beauty
The edifico Is much revered owing TO
tire fact that Bon:fsce, the frs. Arch
bishop OF Mainz. 10 buried under the
altar, Mainz Is g seat Of learning rs
there are two Gymnasia, "a school for
priests and other educational instiE.
tons OF em!nence. Nearly half the
population are Roman Catholics.
There is also a large number OF Jews.
So far the residents OF Mainz seem
so pleased that the war Is over that
they received our boys In an anything
for-p peace fashion and before they are
there long they will probably be glad
to exchange them for their own dtc-
tatorial soldiers.
Cologne
Cologne. where our officers went
first. is the largest and most beautiful
OF the Rhinish towns Of Prussia and
Is one OF the most important in Ger
many. II contains a few hundred less
than half million Inhabitants. Ave-
sixths OF the number being Roman
Catholics. 1t Is a fortress OF the first
rank and all sorts OF predictions were
made by Americans OF things to be
found when the Germans wero pushed
back TO the Rhine. but when the great
drive Of the Allies began the Germans
knew the end had come and deserted
by their emperor, who had dragged
them into the bioad,est war ever known
they gave UP and actually invited the
Allies to police the,r country for them.
Cologne Is q most imposing city when
viewed from across the river, but the
old part with its narrow streets Is dark
and gloomy.
It's great Cathedral Is the attraction
and there are few Americans who have
ever visited Europe who have not wan.
|dered about the great cd.hce. for 1t ID
regarded as the finest gothic structure
In the world. It Is dedicated to st.
Peter. Cologne dates back to the early
centuries when It was q Roman colony
founded A. D.. ST. BY the Emperor
Claudius to please his wife Agrippina.
II has a large and varied history and
finally came under Prussian rule In
1915. The city grew and soon became
one Of uermany's great Commercial
The xrsas cAtA1zsal vAisA -.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09

the most dreaded enemy OF the sol
diers.
Body lice, the medical officers say,
. constituted the seoGrse Of the present
war, just as the fly was a menace in
/ the Spanish-Ame rican war And like
ne ny. the louise Is very important
factor in transmitting disease Not
or that It's presence on the body is a
/ constant irritation 10 skin and spirits,
causing loss OF sleep. weakened vitality,
and usually subsequent injection. In
asmuch as the pest gained n very re-
markable prominence in this war, and
has hitherto given only limited bother
and trouble to humanity, medical men
had really had only a limited expert.
eAce w.tA the question OF its eradica-
ton.
How Coolies Get In THE Trenches
The German armies found the louise
a very live subject shortly after the
war began and the!s journals arc full
e papers purporting to instruct in
| m etho of controlling the pest. The
/ lice. at frst, were more serious In the
| Eastern theatre OF war than in the
trenches OF tho Western front, this
! ~ss probably due TO the congestion OF
population among the Slavic peoples.
| The Germans had frst to combat then
among their Russian prisoners, finding
| tae French almost completely free
| Put by mixing prisoners and the habl.
among them OF exchanging souvenirs
especially shoulder straps. und ct
/ xyhir n tba lice ft,1Ou tn masses fbn
vermin became generally distribute ed,
| German and Austrian prisoners taken
/ by the French and British were care
/ fully isolated for inspection after cap
t+ure, bat not before reports showed
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09

uniting them to others. Troops are re-
turning In increasing numbers from
France where louise borne diseases are
very prevalent, and In many instances
these men leave the other side from,
louse-infested ports of embarkation.
It's therefore very desirable the in.
spection In this regard be very rigid
and that special officers be detailed to
supervise the louise inspections. This
Is all the more apparent when 1t IL
remembered that some British author
tiles claim that the louise infectation
in the British Army was started by
new recruits who came from vermin-
Gus slums and that owing to the
crowded condition OF the men. the
infestatton rapidly spread from man
10 man to such extent that now 1t Is
impossible to rid the ranks OF these
pests.
Deiousing consists OF destroying the
lice themselves. their eggs and the
virus concerned IN transmitting the
d.aease. Heat Is applied to clothing
by the aid of steam boilers or INNER
sion in boiling water. versnicides are
In use as means Of fumigation.
II seems that the Ice are very sus-
ceptihie to warmth. In Mexico, It is
said, that the louse-.nfested peasants
in Mexico City. which is situated in
the nountains and is consequently
cool, often come down TO Vera Cruz.
where It ;s warm. IN order to get rid
o. their lice. Another fact that Illus
tratcs that heat is ar effective enemy
to the lice Is the knowledge contri-
buted by tho Germans gained through
tho practice of fumigatinE the railway
carriages WHICH transported To Rus.
san prisoners over the German Stair
Railways. because these cars were
esp ecialiy badly infested A large Iron
cylinder was constructed into which a
railway carriage could be run. The
cylinder was Theoretically sealed. the
air exhausted and the contents
warmed by steam pipes. The lice IN
the upholstery OF the cars, II was
found, could survive exposures 10 par
'ial vacuum, but the heat killed them.
Some Facts About Their habits
Under the ohseryant eyes of the
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09

preserve order. This was done IN view
j of Revolutionary conditions.
! Already aARer troops are locating n
FsmaH towns but for the present
! Cologne, Cobienz and Mating are their
objective points. 50 far the Gccapa,
ton has beer aarkabiy pacific ana
with the exception OF the reuuis!tion
of public buildings, some coal and for
age, partial use of the railways and
telephones and the blleting of officers
WIN civilian families, the private life
OF the Germans has not been affected
IN the slightest degree.
The men are forbidden to frater.
n.ze with the civilians and there seems
to have keea no effort on their part TO
welcome Ting. Americans. 49, They are
merely submitting to military disci-
pine as they have always done. AT
present the restrictions are very light,
but II anything should occur where
drastic or stringent measures are need
ed sealr soldiers are prepared to care
for the emergency.
The financial men OF Germany well
know of tae vast indemnity which VIII
De asked of that land and they are
anxious to preserve the industries OF
these Rhine citiis from the Bolsheviki
mob aLi they know that Il can best
be done by the policing OF the Allies.
The Rhine valley Is ore OF the rich
est in all Europe and It's wines are
E5ewn throughout the world White
fhe Germans have waged war and laid
waste other lands this beautiful valley
istill remains untouched and they are
| taking no chances OF riotirg.
Now that Germany is beaten her
better classes, such AS officials, ETC.. are
on their good behavior expecting 10
curry favor with America and when
he Army OF Occupation entered each
city they found everything In perfect
condition. even to fresh hay In the
stables for. the horses. From the con.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09

finates every photograph OF the city
was begun in the ninth century. nat
was burned in 1a4S, after which thu
present building is said III haSs hsea
modelled after the one at Amiens wasails
the Germans destroyed during the
present war. Perhaps u Was not sos
their fixing 10 have tfIese cesr pa Fieesas-
made and the war lord a.tArininsd
that Anaiens must no longer cxist. Thps
architect was Master Gerhard. who ~
the legend runs. bet with the daxsi
that the great church would be I'm
ished before his death As time vent
| on he bet was forgotten and the gteat
walls continued TO rise. At last 4
was seen that the great architects hAd
spells OF melancholy and the work be-
came slower and he finally committed
suicide BY Jumping from the scAf1oies
Ing Of the church.
The legend relates that he saw this
canal about the Cathedral flied with
ducks, whiehthedevii had promised him
as sign that death was near. AftArs'
the sad end of the master builder the
great edifice remained untouched Tor
six centuries, the paopie believing that
hNIastcr Gerhard's 6host haunted thu
Place. Etnal!yy early In the ninete1U14
century the rebuilding was taken nm
and tho structure completed. "A mlnMt&
description OF the structure herr
LIS impossible. but suffics Il to say tA
the United States soldier who = f61
OF architecture Win md In this gtA5
Cathedral never ending Joy wMldA
people from all parts OF the world hAN4s
come to view. Its rare old stAlno4&
glass windows are treasures Ia thS4xs
selves to say nothing Of tho mus0l
attached to the church.
ThereSare many interesting chureh1
ana public buildings. many contAinanxj
ipaintingx by old masters. The H6&S
Strasse In tho old town II tho princlpl9
street. but It y very narrow apd thkx
ID little auto or horse traffic. 4N
newer part az the city = known ~ t1
Ringstrasse. It Is hunt around tho A
town and filled with beautiful honel
There Il Geological Gardep MES&S
with well kept animals and . Botanios
Garden where prise roses are 9ros n
Cologne Is the home Of the c6lSzs
brated Eau du Cologne. the recfr6
which i said 70 hAvs been broe
there In 1890, There Arc fins m = =
and theatres In Gact the great edty
the Rhi4e = - up- -date ~ !
81 = y KIN aa 4S{$5
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09

aboard crowd cd transports. from
''ov%r there" One is the army
- of heroes who have vanQuished
I the Boche: the other army is retprn-
Ing on the hack q ESQ heroes, Unwcl-
come hu: nevertheless present and
4 ubiquitous This second army "a t,.o
army OF coolies y the boye have
solicited from the trenches Of Europe.
IN Both armies are to be dernooflszad~--
tho cootfe army before this solalef
ARMY. Deloussng stations have been
Instituted at all camps and At many
% the ports OF deharxanon. Here
d tAe best experts of the Medical Corps
ALI exrend their efforts TO send the
treaeherous little pests--not back 10
civilian llfe--~bus to utter oblivion. so
mat they cannot carry on their nc
fArious work of transmitting disease
in these ctas using derots the mon
!. wiii be secured and dlsintected and
,sheir clothes will lie pc throug a
process of dssinfecting that VIII ex-
terminate tho existence of ali the
<ss0ctis4 that have found comfortable
elvfng quarters IN the seams Of the
soldier uniforms
SIS ThuA. 1ths dangerous diseases that
sstAe coolies carry fith them--and
(which cause them tosbe such danger
Ous conlpanlons--wiIl be ''npped in
NE bud" and the possibility OF these
d10eAsss being spread to this country
~ the boys make their way 70 their
q AoTnes. IN north. south. east aud west
I rsndersd positively NIL.
Cooties" In the general name nv
which lice are popularly known In he
frcnches.. but this doesn't signify ny
my means, that these l!,,lS pests arc
popular. On tho other hand, they are
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09

q ONE WHO has ever made the
fRhire trip from Cologne 10
dainx can forget the beautiful
n Ncsnery along its picturesque
1920. The hills which sk.ft tAe en-
@ dtstAaace are nilea with rich vine
1870 from the grapes Of which come
~ famous Rhine wines, The cast IS
g1u1aA do. It's high places are asso {.
s434d with the most interesting and
o1rd legends and the rocks which
;DFo1ect their faces into The stream ard
hN Islands fairly braste vita tales Of
4Ntery and fancy. 20 tsst everywhere
nm4 ~ every spot one nuds something
1T attract the eye and delight the I'M
In1enaticn. II is among these historic
11a Legendary earroundings that ctr
zfkee boys Will camp 70 dc duty
s1Ae GERMANY pays tle price FOR
4an3 the world into war. ana ii may
Nk ~ bad guess thet many + osr
MIAMI sons will police the country
MoTe their forelathers once lived.
Nth no less love end loyalty for
/ NJ ef4rs and stripes and no less loath-
n1 10r Prusslan miiltarlsrn. That an-
dr who ies. 10 escape the iron hand
fuSsian tyranny and 10 breathe the
lcus air OF America VII not nave
- to be ASHAMED at H. posterity
Nphoiding on Prusssan soil the prin-
49, qf right ara justice
Army or Occupation
49, not thought shat the Army OF
pation wcuid take charge SC early
S1usy q week or two after -fe 'sn-
c& the arrnissice several officers OF
Aynfteg ssasss. ..srsax entered Ca
~ 70 make preparations for the
1nx 81 the rser and few days
MI ~ the written request OF the
MhgOMaster abou; cae thousand OF
Maan catered Cohienx. the capitol
- RrusEiaR Ri.ans province -
80 eaty under martial law ard
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09
Overcoming The DisreputabIe 6ody-Lice and Other
Insect Seomges Which lndanger the Health
of Our Soldiers $500 De-iousinq

Copyright. 1918, The International Syndicate
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09
An Intimate Sketch of the Rhine Cities Being Polced
80 BY Our Boys-Cobienz, Cologne and Mainz

Copyright, i9ls The lnternatiolal syndicate
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09

-s93.Fl n n. NVxyTtkHEs AVAof 7 FtF
20 ONE WHO has ever made the
fRhine trip from Cologne 10
+ 3ainx can forget the beautiful
- Ncsnery along Its picturesque
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-09

wO ARMIES are returning.
aboard crowded transports, from
"aver there" One is TIC army
Of harnas as.Mn hara YanNrish Cd
The daily morning oasis., 1919-05-09
F|LIP|NOS ARE
FULLY FITTED
FOR RUNNING
GOVERNMENT
By MAXIMO M. KALAW
Secretary of the Philippine Mission.

WASHINGTON, May 8.-A certain
lady at the St. Louis exposition saw
at ball room a brown complexioned
man clad in faultless evening dress,
and accosted him with the inquiry,
81 suppose you are Japanese, sir?"
The man addressed replied, mo,
madam"
"Then you must be Chinese" she
said.
"No, I am not; I am Filipino"
he replied.
"How's that?" asked the lady. Il
thought they were all savages living
in the woods"
"Well, I'll tell you how l came
here" he said. ga month before
left the Philippines / was living in
the woods, but the American COVER
nor decided to catch as many wild
men as possible, train them, and send
them over here. So the American
forces were imm ediately set in mo-
ton, we were taken from the woods
and kept month at the governors
palace, taught how to dress and speak
a little English, and then sent over
here. So here | am, just as you see"
And the ST. Louis lady actually be-
lieved him.
That is what you would call fan
cies about THE Philippines. The fact
is, however, that the 100000 Fill
lpinos and their ancestors have been
lciviized and Christians for three hun
Idred years; that the non-Christian
population, according to the census
of 1918, is only 100000.
Another fancy is that not until the
coming Of the Americans were school
buildings seen in the Islands, roads
built, or substantial houses erected.
Do you know that for hundreds Of
years the Filipinos have had colleges
and schools, and that the University
Of Santo Tomas is only twenty-five
years older than Harvard? That as
early as 1866, out of a population of
100000 people, there were 841
schools for boys and 833 for girls,
THAT ia 1892, eight years before the
coming Of the Americans, there were
I2,137 schools?
"To grant self-government to Luz
ION unuer AgulnaIdo would be like
granting self-government to an Apa-
Iche reservation under some local
Ichief." Thus spoke a former presi-
dent off the United States during the
Filipino-American war. Exaggeration
could be an excuse at time when the
dignity of the American people de-
manded the extinction of Filipino op-
position; but do you know that the
Philippine republic, before the Ameri-
can occupation of the Islands, had
the approval of prominent Americans
who were on the spot, like John Bar
rett, director of the Pan-American
Union, who compared it favorablv
with the Japanese government? That
Admiral Dewey considered the Philip
pinos better fitted for self-govern-
mont than the Cubans? That they
The daily morning oasis., 1919-05-09
Demands Separation and
Full Independence For
The New Irish Republic
Recently Proclaimed
DEMANDS SELF determination
UNITED Press Service,

NEW YORK, May SIN view OF
the call the committee representing
the Irish race in American made on
President Filscn and Colonel House
in Paris, authoritative statement OF
Ireland's demands was made recently
by Justice Daniel F. Cohalan, who
appointed the committee that called
on the President. Justice Cohalan's
statement says:
"There is a great misunderstand-
ing among the people of America as
to what the people of Ireland are
seeking at present, and the friends
of England here have been Industrious
in circulating the story that Ireland
was seeking only some reforms, some
redresses of grievances, some light
ening of the burdens of taxation. This
is entirely wrong. The people Of Ire
land, by an overwhelming vote, de-
cided at the election held in Decem-
Der last in favor of the total separa-
ton of Ireland from England, and IN
favor of the establishment of an Irish
republic, modelled upon our own sys-
tenn of government.
son January 81 the elected repre-
sentatives of the people of Ireland
met in congress in the Mansion House
in Dublin, and set up a republican
form of government for which they
are now asking international recogni-
ton at the Peace Conference assemb-
led at Paris. They have made an ap-
peal to the free people of the world
for the recognition of their govern
ment, and they ask only an opportun-
Iity of governing their own country,
in their own way with the guarantee
of political and religious equality for
all 1rishmen, and with no request to
demand OF impose their own govern
ment upon any person or territory
outside of the four shores of Ireland.
although England is making
$200,000,000 year out of ireland,
the Irish people are now not seeking
any relief from the misgovernment
of England, but are protesting vigor-
ously and with unprecedented polite
al unanimity against any government
of Ireland by England, whether that
be in the form Of good government
or of bad government. They do not
want any form of home rule, any
form of local self-government, which
would keep them within the confines
or under the jurisdiction of the Brit
ish empire.
"They ask recognition of their in
dependence. They declare that they
have separated themselves entirely
from the British empire, and it is for
this elf-determination already made
upon their part that the friends Of
liberty throughout the world are now
working"