The Pulaskian., 1919-04-25

traits predominate, but the, Havasupai are unique in ths respect. They are peaceably inclined and happy in the contemplation of their own works.
 Expert Corn Growers.
 The Havasupai live in camps during the summer months along the creek in the midst of their farms. They are expert in raising corn crops.
 The deep canyon bed, irrigated by the cataract, is an oasis in the arid desert which surrounds the canyon. Corn, beans, squash and fruit are raised in abundance and the peaches are especially delicious, according to Mr. Spier. The nearby mountains abound in sheep, deer, antelope and wild turkeys, so there is no lack of fresh meat.
 In winter the tribe takes to the lodges and caves on the mountain side high above the danger levels. Cataract creek always overfiows during the rainy season and inundates the land. Here said Mr. Spier, T found some most interesting caves, unquestiona- bly, carved out of the walls by a pre- historic race. I found some fragmen- tary pottery in various places which supported my theory.
 ''These caves" he continued, "serve as excellent shelters, and here each family builds it's storehouse for pre- serving it's grain and meat. These are fsN1 of ko1- bor rd and then sealed"
 Native Turkish Bath.
 The chief diversion among the males is to foregather about the various sweat lodges to gossip and discuss affairs of the tribe. The sweat lodge is their Turkish bath. A bed of straw is laid down and a covering placed over it. It is made just large enough for one man to crawl inside Baskets containing red-hot rocks are place.. .... side and water is then poured over them. producing cloud of steam. The covering holds the steam inside and as soon as the sweating process is | deemed to have progressed sufficiently the bather jumps out for shock" in | the icy waters of the cataract. As each man finishes his bath he joins the circle, all in breechclouts, for the dis cussion of tribal affairs.
 The women do not devote all of their afternoons to domestic pursuits. They have passion for gambling, MT. | Spier says. and for several hours af- ter the dG- $ toll in the fields they con- gregate and play at dice. The game is somewhat like the American game of craps, although four dice are used, fashioned out of goats horn.
 Today one never finds American h. dians using anything but matches to light their fires. The Havasupai still use primitive fire drills. Up to 1910 the stone knife was used exclusively. Lately some modern implements have filtered in through the government agent. They have some horses and a small number of cattle with which they are having splendid success. | No Marriage Ceremony.
 Marriage in the canyon is without ceremony. The brides consent having been won in the orthodox fashion the couple merely live together without l further ado. The brave must make payment, however, to the brides pa- rents, and the customary form is to give his service in the fields of his "in-laws" until the first child has been born. This method of payment is strictly enforced. There is no divorce recognized among the Havasupai
 Of the two chiefs Mir. Spier said. They have absolutely no prerogatives ill the matter of power over the tribe. The tribe as whole works well to- gether and the members feel a certain definite social consciousness. It Is the business of the chiefs to act as media. tors when matters need adjustment. but whatever laws exist are enforced through public opinion. The chiefs are charged with advising the younc women and instructing the youths growing into manhood. There is no capital punishment, and instead of the death penalty for murder the offend. Ing party must make payment in land or goods. nlegitimacy does not exist among them. Every child tha, is born has q recognized father and no odlum attaches to offspring, as han pens so frequently among peonle q, higher social development