Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1919-02-25

Smith left an extremely valuable manu-
script which was never published, II
which he stated the same conclusion al
did DIR. Phares. There is evidence, how
ever, that Smith had been In correspond
ence with Phares, and that be ct frs
rejected the evidence Of the IS. year fam
lily, and accepted l, only after severa
years' additional Investigation. The fsct
was not defiDitely accepted until 1853
ihe year following the greatest locus,
outbreak, when DIR. B. D. Walsh and
Prof. c. V Riley recorded the investiga
tions that became the basis OF the accu.
mulated knowledge of the Department,
OF Agriculture.
| With the existence of the 1Syear fam
lily definitely recognized the work OF
| mapping the various broods was greatly
simplitied, and in no great time war
made complete. The perfecting work
was done very largely by Mr.. q. L. Mar
latt, now chairman of the Federal Horti.
cultural Board, and for many years con-
nected with the Bureau of Entomology
of the United States Department of
Agriculture. Mr.. Marlstt renumbered
the broods, and mapped the territory in
which they occur, and references to
hem now usually are made in Marlstt
nomenclature rather than In the older
nomenclature of Walsh, Riley, Smith and
Phares.
The two broods due this year are
brood 10, which belongs to the l7.year
family, and brood Is, which belongs to
the 1S-year family. The former will ap-
pear mostly In northern territory and
the latter In southern territory.
Brood 10 has the widest distribution
of any brood. Beginning at the eastern
extremity of Long Island 1t sweeps west
aud south to the Mississippi River at
Cairo, ILL.,, and extends as far north "a
central Wisconsin, and as far south as
middle Georgia, with some isolated colo
MES as far northeast as upper Vermont,
and one as far west as the boundary line
between Iowa and Nebraska. The whole
or portions of 20 states are included
within this range. There are three re-
gions Of greater CONFERENCE.-The cover
ing New Jersey, Maryland, and eastern
Pennsylvania; another covering all OF In
diana, the greater part OF Ohio, and
southern Michigan; and a third covering
western North Carolina, eastern Tennes-
see, and northern Georgia. The records
of this brood have been kept from 1715
to 1902, the date of its last appearance.
In 1902. for the first time since very care
ful study of the cicads began, il was not
accompanied by 1S'year brood, and Its
actual range was more nearly determined
than before, although the old limits OF
distribution we're pretty generally con-
firmed. In the regions of greatest occur
renee this brood will probably appear in
dense swarms here and there, but will
not cover the territory uniformly.
Brood Is, the 13-yesr brood that comes
out this year, Is comparatively q small
brood, and is made up of scattered colo
nies rather than of the dense and COM
pact swarms that mark the larger broods.
Five states are affected by it-Alabama,
Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina,
and Tennessee-but it touches only linn
tied areas of these states.
Overlapping of the two 1919 broods
will occur only In the states of Tennes-
see, North Carolina, Georgia and Ala.
bams.
Latitude does not appear to materially
Affect the time of emergence from the
ground, the cicada In the lake states
coming out within week or two OF the
same time as in the Gulf and South
Atlantic States. This date ranges from
the last week in May to the first of June.