davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
Farm Demonstration
Work in This State
A Number of Changes in Work
ing Force of Extension
Service.

Clemson College, Jan. 9.-The new
year finds number of changes in the
working force Of the Extension Ser
vice, especially as to county agrj-
cultural agents. Mr.. ". H. Barton
resignation as district agent of the
second district was effective January
sirst. AS previously noted, Mr.. y. =.
McKeown, county agent in YORK
county, has been made district egen:
of the third district.
Three much regretted designations
of county agents are those Of A. ]
Baker, Horny county; j.. A. Riley
Chester county: c. S. Adams, Beau
fort county Mr. Riley becomes So.
perintendent of the Coast Land Elk.
pertinent Station, Mr.. Baker and Mr.
Adams are leaving county agent work
to enter other fields of activity, great
ly to the regret of the Extension siu-
fi1orities.
Former agents H. G. Boyiston
Barnwell county; W. O. Davis, Horry
county, and A. 3. CarwiIe, Union coun-
ty, return to the work after having
served in the army. Mr.. Ca1 vile,
however, goes to Edgefeld county in
stead of Union.
S. w. Foster, Lexington county; C.
A. Vincent, Beaufort county; D. r.
Hopkins, Darlington county, and 81.
C. Wilburn, Clarendon county, are
newly appointed agents. ALI four Of
these are Clemson graduates well
fitted by training and experience.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
Why U-Boats Failed
English Sailing Vessel Sank
Two Submarines in One Day.

Falmouth, England, Dec. 20
| Correspondence of the Associated
Press. 1.-Two German submarines
| were sunk in one day by the Mary
3. Mitchell, a sailing vessel, one of
the mystery ships" Of the war now
| exhibited here. This craft was one
Of the first, if not the first, Of the
decoy ships which played havoc with
the U-boats. This vessel went into
the decoy service early in 1916, un-
der command Of Lieutenant John
Lowrie. All her officers and crew
volunteered for the hazardous work.
She was provided with q, twelve
pounder and two well-concealeds six
Founders. -
She sighted the first submarine
three miles away and loafed along
awaiting a chance to bag it. The
German craft followed at safe dis
tance for time, but finally craw1ed
closer and after satisfying itself that
it had superior speed and gun power,
opened fire.
Failure of the mystery ship to re-
turn fire at once baf1ed the German
officers. They were quiet for fifteen
nainutes, and then. resumed fire.
When the submarine came sufficient
iy- close and was in good position
abeam, the concealed guns Of the sail
ing ship were brought into play and
landed six mortal hits on the sub
marine, which was unable to fire an
additional shell. Just three minutes
after the first shell hit the submarine
was blown up by shot which holed
it just below the foredeck and caus-
ed an explosion which threw a vast
column of water high into the air.
Later the same day another Ger
man submarine approached the Mary
B. Mitchell and opened fire at a dis
tance of about two miles. After the
sixth round the mystery ship was
stopped and boat put off. The sub
marine approached the supposed
wreck at full surface speed. Then it
for a time and suddenly
rose to the surface again
The gunners Of the Mary B. Mitch
ell landed a shell just below the con-
',i';s tower and pierced the side one
loot above the water. A flash Of
brilliant blue fame and dense yell
low smoke came from the hole. AL
most instantly another shell struck
forward and the submarine was en-
veloped in black smoke and sank in
20 the water bow foremost. with
oud gurgling and Kissing.
The official report does not say that
he Mary B. Mitchell was filled with
wood to keep her from sinking, but
his was doubtless the case, as other
mystery ships were so equipped and
we're able to float in spite Of any
lamage inflicted on them by tor
,edoes and shells. Their guns were
frequently hidden behind doors in the
ides Of the ship which could be
wung open.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
High Priced Meat
Fisher, Representing Marketing
Committee, Declares Law
VIII Be Needed to Curb
Packers.

Washington, jan 9.-An era of ex-
treme profteering in meat prices af-
ter the food administration ceases TO
function unless control Of private
cars, stock yards and terminal re-
frigerator, plants is taken from the
packers was predicted today by Wal
ter L. Fisher, counsel for the market
ing committee of the American Nat
ional Live Stock Association and
former secretary of the interior. Mr.
Fisher was testifying before the sen
ate interstate commerce committee at
hearings on the pending bill providing
for government control of these mar
keting facilities.
The witness declared that prices
would bump the ceiling and at the
same time there would be danger Of
diminution OF production if the gov-
ernment took no action to curb what
he described as a practical monopoly
maintained by the FIVE leading pack
ers. Stock raisers. he said, would has
ten to sell even breeding animals TO
get a share of the temporary high
prices which the packers would force,
and thereby production of new ami
mails would decrease
Mr.. Fisher urged that the stock
cars, refrigerator cars, stock yards
and terminal refrigerator plants be
taken over by the railroad rather than
by the government for permanent OPP
Grafton as a means Of promoting real
competition" among the packers.
The public commerce committee
heard Edward Burke. representative
of the American National Live Stock
ASS. ciation on behalf of similar bill
before the house
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
Change in Income Tax
Corporations. May Pay More
Than Expected.

Washington, Jan. 9.-Corporations
will pay income taxes of II per cent
on their 1918 earnings and 10 instead
of 8 per cent. thereafter, under agree
ments reached late today by senate
and house conferees on the war reve-
nue. bilL
The conferees adopted the II per
cent. rate for 1919 collection as pro-
posed in the bill as it passed the SEN
ate, the house managers agreeing to
elimination of the house provision
-levying an additional per cent. on
undistributed dividends Of corpora
tions. In revising the corporation in
come tax affecting earnings Of 1919
and subsequent years, which the SEN
ate had fixed at s per cent. the SEN
ate and house managers reached a
compromise making the rate 10 per
cent.
1t is estimated that under the new
rates the corporation tax will yield
about s75o,O00,00O this year and
$500, 100000 annually thereafter
The conferees also adopted sub
stantially the senate provisions allow
ing deductions in calculating corpora
tons income taxes, of dividends re-
ceived from other corporations. They
also approved the senate provisions
exempting so-called personal service
from the corporation tax
rates, but added an amendment to
deny such exemptions to these corpor-
ations where so per cent. or more
income is derived from profits or
on government contracts.
The senate plan Of providing for pay
ments of income taxes in four INSTALL
ments, instead of three, as propos-
ed by the house bill, also was APPROX
ed.
In revising the individual income
tax section the confcrees adopted the
house provision requiring individuals
with net income Of $1,000 or more to
file returns. striking out the senate
amendment requiring returns if gross
income is $1,000 or more.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
MAKE CONTRACT
EQUAL SPOTS
Senator Smith Explains Amend
ment to Cotton Futures
Act.
WILL HELP THE PRICE
OF ALL GRADES
Says It VIII Make the Contract
Reflect the Real Value Of
Cotton.
Cotton.

Washington, Jan. 3.-Senator
Smith of South Carolina is receiving
many letters and telegrams in refer
ence to an amendment offered by
him yesterday to the cotton futures
act, in explanation of which ne
makes the following statement:
3'I have introduced an amendement
to the cotton futures act restricting
delivery to five grades, namely, low
middling, strict low middling, mid
ding, stirct niddling, and good MID
ding.
eThese grades comprise about 80 or
IS per cent of the cotton crop OF
the South. Under the practices al
lowed by the administrators Of the
present law a vast number Of grades
and kinds Of cotton are allowed TO
be delivered on contract with the re-
suit that the small per cent OF low
grade cottor is used to depress the
price of the so per cent. This Is
made manifest by the presnet mar
ket quotations, to wit: Contract cot
ton is quoted from SIS to $40 bale
less than spot cotton in identically the
same markets.
1.-THE reason for this is that the
purchaser of a contract has no. idea
within a wide limit of what grade
or grades of cotton would be rendered
him and ultimately. at what differ
ence in price from the basis grade.
Under the proposed amendment the
purchaser would know that he would
get one of the real mercantile stand
ard grades The seller of a contract
under the proposed amendment would
be forced to sell at it's real. value be-
cause he would not be allowed such
a, wide latitude of grades out OF
which to substitute something OF
doubtful or uncertain value.
''Such contract as I propose Will
make the contract price for cotton
equal to the price of spots, and Will
in no way affect adversely the sale
of the grades excluded; in fact, it will
enhance the value Of all grades. It
will make the contract reflect the real
value of cotton rather than the pres
emit confused miserable state Of af-
fairs I sincerely hope that every pro-
ducer of cotton will lend his support
to the early passage Of this neces-.
: sary amendment.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
When Carthage
Surrendered
Only Historic Precedent for the
Action of German High Seas
Fleet.

London, Dec. 20.-(Correspondence
of the Associated Press 1.-The Bish-
op of Durham has found an historical
precedent for the surrnder of the
German fleet in the pages Of Livy.
That ancient chronicler tells how, as
an article Of the peace agreement
which ended the second Punlc war,
Carthage had to surrender to Rome
the whole Of her battle fleet.
Rome, the article points out, was
the great military power and Garth
age was the great naval power OF
antiquity. just as Germany and Eng
land in modern times. Rome beat
Carthage-the soldier beat the sailor.
In the conflict Rome revealed an ex-
traordinary adaptability for naval
warfare, and Carthage gave internal
weakness.
The German writer's the Man
chester Guardian comments "antici-
pated a similar course for war be-
tween Germany and England. They
were confident that the German mill
tary mind applied to naval warfare
would prove its superiority to the
English. and that England, put to the
test, would be proved rotten-a great
Illusion"
Explaining why the parallel OF
antiquity was deceptive the Guardian
proceeds:
cit should not too hastily be assum'
ed that the British Navy displayed ar
intellectual superiority derived from
long tradition which no young navy
could hope to overcome. We are on
safe ground if we say that the German
navy. unlike. the navy of ancient
Rome, showed itself singularly wood
en- and unadaptable. Sir David
Beatty has pronounced its strategy
and its tactics contemplate.
eff the comparison Of Germany
with Rome was false, still falser was
the comparison of England with
Carthage. Carthage was narrow,
oligarchy resting upon a peculiarly
harsh slave system, and defended by
a mercenary army recruited from all
the Mediterranean peoples. Garth
ages lack of freedom was her weak
ness, and Englands freedom her
strength. But gentlemen Of the school
Of Treitschke could not be expected
to see that, for they despised political
freedom
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15

passed. having received a majority.
but the point was later raised that it
had to have two-tilirds vote.
Senator Nicll,es OF Abbevile, who
led the fSht for it IN the senate last
year. will not be back this year. bit
some other senator Will proba by ia e
the initiative.
There will be many new faces Z:
both the senate and house this yes.
There are only about % old members
in the house.
There will be deep regret in the
senate over the announcement Of Sc
a.or NieIs Christensen OF Beaufot T
t.,#t be vii! resign at the close Of tbs
session. Senator Christensen is loot
cd upcn as one .: the leaders OF the
upper body anc his colleagues are
planning to urge him during the Ses-
son to reconsider his announced in
tcntion ofresigning
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
AMERICA TO PAY NORWAY.
The Sum of 11,0e0,o 600 for Requisi-
toned Ships.

London, Jan. 9.-Edward n. Hurley
and f. B. Stevens, of the American
shipping board, after conferences with
representatives of the Norwegian ship
ping Association. have agreed that
the United States shall immediately
pay the Norwegian ship owners s11,-
100000 which is the amount the Nor
wegians actually had invested in
contracts, materia: and ships when
they were reouisitio:.cd by the United
States. The matter is left unsettled,
however, as the amount is far below
what the Norwegians claim. Further
claims will be taken up in Washing
ton.
The Norwegians declared that some
concerns faced disaster unless they
obtain funds Immediately
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15

PREMIERS OF DOMINIONS
WILL ALSO ATTEND
England's Interests to Be Rep
resented by Four Of Her Vet
eran Statesmen.

London. JAN. 10.-Pren1ier Lloyd
George, Chancellor Bonar Law, for
eign Secretary Balfour and Privy
Counselor George Nicholl Barnes
have been appointed British peace
plenipotentiaries, according to The
Express and The Mail.
The premiers of Canada, Australia
and union Of South Africa will have
seats when the congress takes up bus
mess of interest to the dominions, it
is said.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
Germans Fall Behind.

London, Jan. Germany had fall
en- behind in the last month in t;ir-l-
ing over material required by ine
terms of the armistice. A checking Il
date shows a shortage of 6S5 haavy
guns, 7,00e machine guns 900
trench mortars, 500 airplanes, f735
engines, 5000 motor ierries and l2o.
000 railroad cars.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
LABOR WAR
In ARGENTINE
Riotous Strikers and Troops
Engage in Bloody
Battle.
TWO THOUSAND STRIKERS
ATTACK IRON WORKS
Sreet Car Lines and All Indus
tries in Buenos Aires Are
Pafalyzed.
Street Car Lines and All Indus


Buenos aires, Jan. s.--Another bat
tie between the strikers here and the
government forces began this after
noon at the Vasena Iron Foundry
Meanwhile the strike movement is
spreading and more than so unions
have joined.
In, the fight at Vasena Iron
Foundry this afternoon 10000 strikers
surrounded the plant in an attempt
to force strike breakers to leave 1t.
The government rushed up squadron
OF national mounted police to escort
the; workers TO safety.
During the Afternoon street cars
and taxis were overturned or destroy
ed. As night approached the situa-
ton admittedly was assuming grave
proportions.
Nearly all the industries Of the city,
inc1uding the transportation lines,
have. been paralyzed by a "a hour
general strike called in protest against
the. .use OF force blythe state" in the
fight Tuesday in which five metal
workers were killed and 80 wounded.
The strike was declared by the re-
gional labor federation. The strike
includes, more than so branches OF
trade and affects more than 100000
laborers.
Strike committees visited CONNER
cial houses and department stores
during the afternoon and requested
employers to close their places Of
business in order to enable their en-
ployees to join the one day strike.
BY four o'clock all the big houses
down town had closed their doors and
suffered their windows and the en-
ployees were in the street throughout
the afternoon as there was no means
oe. Tanspor ortation out of the city even
IL they had desired to leave.
"A thousand strikers former a fune-
raj procession during the afternoon
fer the five persons killed in Tues
days disorders. The collins Of the
victims were draped with red faEs.
The bodies had lain in state Wednes-
day night in the Metal Workers Tn
ion headquarters: s--4
a group OF. British subjects appeal
ed today to the British minister for
protection. The minister promised to
consult the Argentine foreign Office
with regard to the safety of foreign
ers..
There was violence in all parts Of
the city as the strikers forced all
workers to join them. They unhitc!!ed
horses and turned them loose in the
streets and attempted to burn the po
lice station near the scene of Tues
days fighting. Three policemen and
several 1aborers We're wounded.
In another section, an automobile
carrying police chief was fired upon
after the chief refused to get out and
walk -
The street car employees, accori-
ing to the officials, refused to leave
their ears until they were forced to do
50.
Police armed with rifles are patrol
ling the city tonight, assisted by
armed fremen. TIE only motor cars
allowed to operate undisturbed are
those flying the red flag, which indi-
Gates that they are carrying strike ag.
stators
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
Weaken the Navy
House Naval Committee Rejects
Daniels RECOMMENDATIONS

Washington, Jan. 10.-A temporary
naval force OF two hundred and twen-
ty-fyeth ousand enlisted men for the
year beginning next July, was decid-
ed on today by the house naval sub
committee in beginning work on the
appropriation bill. This is twenty
five thousand less than recommended
by Secretary Daniels
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
SPARTACANS NOT
YET WHIPPED
The Fight in Berlin Goes On
With Unabated
Fury.
THE SPARTANS STILL
HOLD PRINTING PLANTS
Report That the Government
Had Captured Police Head
quarters Denied. !

Berlin, Thursday; Jan. 9, $50 P. NJ.
Government forces are in complete
control of that section of the inner
city between the Brandenburg gate
and Friedrichstrasse
The government has issued an or
der prohibiting all professions.
Government troops have captured
police headquarters, which has been
one of the Spartacan strongholds.
The government gave warning that
its troops have orders to shoot to
kill without waiting for the Sparta
cans to begin. The Spartacans failed
to summon mass meeting of their
supporters today.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
a. c. T.. STRIKE ENDS.
Repair Shop Men Leave Grievance
With Board.

wilmington. \. c.. Jan. 9.-Aftel
having been out almost a week be-
cause Of the presence Of non-union
worhmenin the local Atlantic Coast
Line car repair shops here. 800 or
more union workmen viii resume
work tomorrow morning. leaving the
cause Of the strike to be adiudicated
by G. D.. Rosser. their representative,
and Willard Kells. general superin-
tendent Of motor power for the rail
road
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15

Newport News. Jan. 10.-Brigadier
General Walter a. Harris. Of Macon.
Ca. in command Of the Hundred
brigade Of the Eighty
seventh Division. was among those
who landed from the transport NADIA
waska this morning The troops
also. included twelve hundred rick
and wounded.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15

Berlin, 730 Thursday Night, Jan.
9.-Determined attacks by govern
men forces on the printing plants of
the Tageblatt and Vossische Zeitung
which are still in the hands of the
Spartacans have been going on since
noon. It was learned this evening
that police headquarters is still in the
hands of the Spartaca
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15

Dublin. JAN 10.-Serious disturb
ances have taken place at Mountjoy
prison whore a number of Sim Fein-
ers have been imprisoned as ordinary
prisoners. While claiming treatment
as political offenders the prisoners
are reported to have broken windows
and damaged the cells.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-15
Not Many Casualties.

Berlin, Thursday Noon, Jan. 9.-It
is estimated that two hundred persons
have been killed in the fighting since
Monday.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1919-07-25
HAVE TO PURCHASE BRIDES
Up Money Before He Can AS
pire to a Wife.

The Santali Indians must literally
purchase their brides. They pay q
sum of money to the girls parents
usually about 100 dupees-and. in adj
dition, they present the mother and
the female relatives with new saris
or ShaWlS
Should the bridegroom choose a
widow for his wife. she will only cost
half the sum mentioned. The reason
why the Santali Indians hold widows
in less regard than unmarried females
is because they assert that in the
next world man and wife are reunited,
hence a widow who marries again IS
only Tent" to her second husband.
When young man cour-s II 4 ,,iru
does not favor his suit, lie adopts I'm
eccentric way to cure her stubborn
ness. After having dipped MS finger
in red paint, he goes in search of the
lady and imprintS his mark on her
forehead. Tten he may claim her as
his wife.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1919-07-25
LEIGH AS WEATHER PROPHET
Those Familiar With Small Creatures
Habits Can Foretel Changes
That Are at Hand.

An excellent weather prophet can
be made by placing leech in a glass
jar of water.
If the weather is to continue fine
the leech lies motionless ut the bot
tom of the jar, and rolled together
in spiral form. If it is 10 rain,
either before or after noon it will be
found to have crept up to the top of
its lodging, where it will remain till
the weather is settled.
If we are to have wind, the poor
prisoner gallops through his limpid
habitation with amazing swiftness,
and seldom rests till it begins to blow
ha!'I
II Il remarkable storm of thunder
and rain is to succeed The leech, FOR
some days before, lodges almost con
tinually without water, and gives it,
self up to violent throes and convtil-
siye-like motions. In frost, as in clear
summer weather, 1t lies constantly at
the bottom; and in snow, as in rainy
weather, it pitches its dwelling on the
very mouth Of the jar.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1919-07-25

tivation have been made and results
are decidedly in favor of shallow cul.
tiyation. Occasions when deep cult
walton is preferable are few. The
roots of the plants must not be broken.
They will produce other roots, but at
the expense of vitality and food sup
ply
After the corn is two or three feet
high, the soil even in the middle of the
rows should not be cultivated deeper
than four inches, and usually shall
lower cultivation will prove better.
Maintain loose soil mulch two or
three inches thick. This prevents the
escape of moisture already in the soil
and soaks up the rainfall rather than
letting it run Off,
Proper Cultivation.
Cultivate often enough to keep down
weeds and to maintain constantly
loose soil mulch until the corn has
reached its growth. More cultiya-
tions will be needed if rains are fire.
quent. The crust which forms after
every rain must be broken and puiver-
lied or excessive run-off or evapora-
ton will soon rob the soil of its mois-
ture.
II is mistake TO think that the
longer the dry spell the more fire.
quent should be the CIVILIZATIONS. After
the mulch has been produced. its fire.
quent stirring is not necessary unless
weeds become troublesome. Many
crops are cut short by stopping culti-
walton because the corn is too tall to
use a double cultivator without break
ing down the stalks. If conditions de-
mand 1t, continue shallow cultivation
even though the corn is tasseling. 1t
is sometimes profitable to remove
weeds even by the costly process of
hand labor at as late date as the
silking of the corn.
Under some conditions six or eight
civilizations are advisable, while I'M
der other conditions three may be suf-
fieient. The maximum yield is not OBJ
tained by the number of civilizations.
but by keeping the soil in the proper
condition.