davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-11-11

Sabida es Ia importancia que desde
tiempos olyidados de lejanos, conceden
en- los Estados Tnidos al anunc.o. \
conocida es tambien In importancia de
los 6xitos que han obtenido las empire
sas las organiZaciones indnstriales Y
comerciales en- Norte America. como re
sultado nnico Y exclusive del anincio.
De ahf Ia gran extension que ham ad-
quiridO los establecimientOS america
nos v los progresses que, .diario, Sc
observan en- slls negocios. Pos medic
del anunciO llegan todas parties con
Ia ofcrta Cream, ademds, la Lecesi-
dad de comprar V aprovechan las ne
cesidades del pdblico, que muchas We
ceS, deSconOcedOr del eStablecimientO
en- que ha de encOntrar 10 que lie eS
imprescindible en- un. momento dado.
halla en- el anuncio la indicaci"n pre-
elsa que rcsuelve sus dudas. f. co
merciante americana dedica al anun-
clio 10 que pOdrfa dedicar al artlcu-
10. RealiZa con clio dos fines: pOpu-
lariZar el artfculo y pOpulariZar la
casa La popularidad representa- di7
nero es una attraction del dinerO
que CORE en- Ia ciudad hacia la GAIA
lie la casa que mejores Y mas atrac-
twas ofertas hace De ahi la compe-
tcncia en- las propagandas. De ahl
Su interes Ell las campaGas soStenidas
que mantienen ante las vista del pn-
blico comprador Y del que no siendoIo,
por el momento, pnede mailana tener
necesidad de comprar, primero Y gra-
ban despuGs en- su mente indaleble-
mente por la suggestion Y cl martillco
constante del anunciO cl nonlbrc del
dstablecimiento, creando, sin que el
pdblico Sc de cuenta, una corrientc de
simpatfa, de attraction.
La demonstration dc 10 que gastan
los commentaries americanOs ca anun-
ciarse eS In que vamoS Il 0frecer Il
nucstros lcctores. Es algO ilcreible,
Guim6rico, absurdO. pOr 10 cOi.sidera-
bic de las cantidadcS. Pero Cs Il la
vez Ia demonstration, de 10 qu" repre-
senta para las operaciOnes comcrcia-
les hoy dfa, el anunciO en- los Esta-
dos Unidos Baste decir, que SEQ en-
Ia gran Metr6poli americana, s1lo 20
de las casas comerciales de Nueva
York, en- los peri0dicos que ALI Sc
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-11-11

de esta clase. S,l fuerte principal dcs-
cansa en- el pdblico.
De los diStintoS. peri6dicos que Sc
publican On Nucva York, el World
figura en- primer tGrmino. con ana en-
trada de anuncios que Sc eleva Il
$2S7,570 le siguc el New York Ame-
rican'', con $206, 133. marchardo de-
tras el New York Times" COZ pesos
153,340. Despu6s estan el journal
con S1J2 800 :>el Globe" con Sl93,4 ,443
ell 'Sun" con &253.139. Y asf los subsi-
guienteS
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-11-11
SeJ1O 90 3VCvv -
Veinte CdSdS de- C0IIleTCiO en- la gran
metr0poli americana gaStdn en- un
mes mas de i'm million Y medic
de pesos en- dnunClOS

lpublican. han gastado durante Fcl mes
de agosto la suma de $1.573,414. De
estas casas Marcia en- primera Inca
Ia de Macy & Co., con $197,a?5; la
sigue la de Wanamaker con $lB,939; !;
viene despu6s la casa muy conoclda
auuf de Gimbel Brothers con STA l43 !;
despu6s de la Hearnj con $14o.529, y
despuds la de McCrcecy, con $i27,614.
In casa que mehos inyierte en- anun-
clos. n iuZgar por el mes de agOsto,
es Ia de Stanley & McGibbonS, con
81 $50 ST los anunciantes de Sueva
York mantienen eSta cantidad gasta
da el mes de agostO, como prone
dio en- cl ailo, es decir, 81 los veinte
anunciantes Sastan como p"Omedi0
mensual esta cantidad, result;,ia que
solo en- anunciOs veinte casas pagan
SIS. .SSO, ,96S. 10 que gaStan al dla
estas veinte casas en- anuncio, Gle
constituir ese el promediO mensual, es
de sol 1,54,70.
pqra mejOr compression de 10 que
este significa, podemos hacer la di-
sccci6n de los presupuestos de anun-
clos. de las citadas veinte ca.:as CO.
mcrciales, las principales de Nueva
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-11-11

fcnsa. dijo a la Comisi6n de Asuntos
Militares que las fuerZas alemanas,
que actualmente, ascienden a 100000
hombres, estan Siendo reducidas rapi-
aamente V que Sc han prohibido los
alistamientos v que muchos S0ldados
estdn abandonandO las filas. encontran-
do oportunfdades para el trabajo.
En- ell Presupuesto temporal Sc dis
pone de un credito de = 15,000,O00 de
marcos para la ejecuci0n del tratado
de paz v de 1.439.0O0 marcos para cl
Ei6rcitO.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-11-11

Herr NoSke So apoy6 eli los aconte-
cimicnto que So registrar en- el Este
como razones para no reducir los gas
tos de guerra.
Los dcmGcrataS c0Opcrardn
BERLIN. octubre L. HabiendOse
llcgado a un acucrdo rpspecto In for
maci0n de consrjos dc elnpieados. los
dcm6cratas alrmniirS cStAn dispuestos
formar rartc del go3.erno y So les
asignaran las Siguicntcs cartcras: de
Justicia. del Interior V de Comunica-
clones.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-11-11
ALEMA\IA uA APROBADO Ell.
PRESUPU ESTO
Las fHcrsaS miiitdres GlemandS son
ah0rd 100000 y sc rcducen
rdpidamentc

BERLIN, martes, septiembre 30
La Asambca Nacional alemana reanu-
do sus sesiones en- esta capital en- el
dfa de hoy aprob0 el Presupuesto
temporal que lie fue sOmetido, sin dis
cus0n. Gustav Noske ministrO dc De-
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-11-11
MOVlMIENTO MARITIME

s;Consigs.,, The N. Y. P. R. S, S.
Coz,
Vapor Coamo. Ell II del pre-
sente saldra de. New York.
Vapor P. de Satrustegui. Del
% al 25 del corriente recalara
procedente del Centro America
en- viaje para Espaiia.
Consigs., Sobrinos de Ezquia-
ga.
Vapor Helen. Sali6 el g del
que cursa de New York para
esta.
Consigs., Bull Insular Line. ?
MERCADO DE CAMBIOS
DOLLARS, (New York;, 80 c. P.
PESETAS, 2%D.
LIBRA. 4.50 G
FRANCIS, 38Go D.
MARCOS, A ctvs.
lLIRAS, II ctvs.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-11-11

VapOreS de TraVeSla.
Vapor Caracas. Sali6 el 5 del
corriente de New York y Sc
aguarda hoy en- puerto.
Consigs., Villar & Co. Sucr.
Vapor Brazos. Salio el 8 del
presente de New York.
Consigs., The N. Y. P. r. S. S.
Co.
Vapor San Juan. Sali6 ell 6 del
presente de New York y estara
hoy aqui.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-11-11

Entradas:-
I'm transporte americana.
DespachaaOs:-s a..4..
No hubo.
Operaciones de buques costeros
en- puerto:
Maria Belen, Aguadilla y Maya
giez
Onerome, Humacao y Naguabo
Joven Dolores, Vieques
Uoo.o., Jo TrAuasfa
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30
rorknem' Sunlight England These rented to
hings club moke at
Lord LererhuImes

hours a week. But there began a
steady movement for the reduction
of hours Of work. which meant, of
course, reduction in the number
of hours the factory ran. And
with every reduction of hours
the overhead increased. At eight
hours a day, or forty-eight hours
week. the overhead is too
heavy ] am confident that unless
the overhead charges are divided
over more than forty-eight hours
week they form too heavy a proper
tion Of the cost Of production. There
fore. from the machines point Of
view. we must go back to the sew
enty-two hour week. while from the
human point of view we must come
down to the thirty-siX hour week.
The solution is the twelve-hour day
divided into two shifts Of six hours
each.
"'Why not two shifts of eight
hours?' have been asked. The an
swer is the domestic side Of the prob
lem. You cannot divide properly the
time for meals, sleep and recreation
in the household under any system
Of eight hours of labor, but it can
readily be done Under system Of SIX
hours of labor. The domestic life
has to be considered if the man and
woman are TO be kept healthy"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30

on Lever Bros common stock
vas 20 per cent Therefore, the
certificates distributed TO the en-
ployees called for Is per cent div
idend. The dividend is paid in pre-
ferred shares, which the employee
can hold or can redeem at any time
for cash at par value. If he holds
them he gets an additional profit Of
the dividend on the preferred stock
and any bonus that may be paid.
Last year the bonus was 20 per cent.
making a total dividend on the pre-
ferred Of % per cent.
The copartnership plan was in
troduced in Lever Bros. in 1909, but,
owing to a sentimental desire Of
Lord Leverhulme to have it date
from the first year Of the century,
it was dated back to 1901 and made
retroactive to that date Up 10 and
including last year the certificates
were distributed among employees
who had been with the company four
years. Beginning with this year the
distribution will include all those
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30

for the opening and closing of fac
tories. The hours fixed do not per-
nit of a twelve-hour day. The gov
eminent is favorable to the propo-
sal for twelve-hour day, with two
six-hour shifts, but there is no use
asking for a new factory law until
labor agrees to two shifts. Labor
is blind now. but its eyes will be
opened"
On the specific questions as to
whether the six-hour day could be
applied TO the coal mines. Lord
Leverhulme replied, "Of course. but
only with two shifts. The test APP
plies there as everywhere in indus
try. The six-hour day can be APP
piled wherever the overhead exceeds
the cost of labor, and that is true
of the mines. The six-hour day IN
the mines with two shifts would re-
duce the costs, increase production
and raise wages. Sweat the machine
and not the man"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30
On Queen vs Drr Sunlight More OF the model Dwellings

We don't bank mans money for
him unlesc ne asks us 10. The man
first signs a slip asking Us to put his
money in the bank for him and Civ
ing the name of the bank he wants
used. Until he makes this appllca-
ton we pay him at the cashiers
window in the o way
Port Sunlight, England, the home
of Lever Bros, is the practical
expression of many Of the Lever
hume industrial theories 1t is a
built-to-order city covering i62
acres. Of which 239 are allotted
TO the works and 223 to the village.
The village represents an outlay OF
about S3,25O.000.
II contains churches. clubs.
schools for the children Of the en-
ployees Of Lever Bros, and tech
meal and other schools for the
adults. One of Lord Leverhulme's
yet ideas IS a staff training college
for his EMPLOYEES and one Of the
,hings he cxnects from the six-hour
dav i that many of the employees
will take advantage of the oppor-
tunitv to attend school or one Of the
technical institutions.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30
By Fred B. Pitney

I<OWEAT the machine and not
the man." says Lord Lever
~ hulme. the unofficial British
Prime Minister Of Industry.
II would rather make fine men
and women than fine dividends" IS
another Of his principles.
And Lord Levcrhulme is not
merely a theorist. He will be sixty
nine years old on his next birthday,
and has been tifty-three years III ac-
tive business. Born in Lancashire
IN 1851. he was at sixteen an errand
boy in his fathers grocery store IN
Bolton. To-day he is chairman Of
the boards Of directors Of Lever
Brothers. Ltd. the largest soap
making concern in the world, which.
through his endeavors. has grown
from tiny factory producing
twenty tons Of soap q week in lso'
to a concern with 100000 CAPT
tai and $4,000 shareholders. the
largest industrial firm in Great Brit
ain. It has factories IN England
and on the Continent. in the United
States and Canada. Australia. South
Africa and Japan; cocoanut planta-
lions in the Pacific. palm forests IN
the Congo. oil mills in Australia and
Africa. Altogether there are ninety
three constituent companies through
out the world.
No. Lord Levcrhulmc is not
merely a theoriSt. Moreover, he has
put into practice in his own business
many Of the industrial theories he
profcs-c-. and he Is only waiting for
Parliament to change tho factory
law Of England to put into practice
in his own plants tho theory he now
holds dearcst-thc siX-hour day
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30
An Optin'ist

Lord Leverhume says he is an
optimist on the workman and on IN
dustrial conditions Industrial
conditions are becoming better in
England all the time he said.
England and America both have
reason to be tremendously proud
of their working people. There
never has been known i'm history
such disturbance as We have
passed through in the last five years
with so little upset in the social life.
Formerly we could not have fire
works display without a huge
amount Of talk about il ,he next
day. This was no fireworks. and We
have had remarkably little talk
bout it. When we thinA Of how
our workmen ard yours faced the
enemy in the trenches We realize We
have nothing 20 fear from men who
can play their part that way in a
Great crisis"
Then you DO not fear the prog
ross Of Bolshcvism in England"
was remarked.
"Bolshoyism,' he replied, SIS only
an old thing under a new name. In
other days We had highwaynen and
pirates. To-day We have Bolshe-
visits. But il is all the same thing.
Their principles are the same. We
will always have with u the man
who wants TO overturn society and
get on top himself without working
for his reward"
Lord Leyerhulmc vas asked how
the settlement OF the coal mine
question was coming along in Eng
land.
The question Of the natlonaliza-
ton of the mines is still in an UNI
settled state" ne said. Personally.
# were mine owner would be
only too glad 20 have 'he govern
ment take my mines OIL my hands.
They will not be a paying PROPOSE
ton much longer. with oil coming in
as a fuel. as it is, and with the ma
tionalization Of industry don't
know how the miners would get any
wages at all.
IL don't believe in the nationaliza-
ton Of any industry. | don't believe
the government could run a toffee
shop and make it pay. The govern
ment is not built for running an in
dustry. 1t could never get away
from the political aspect"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30

<<~WFAT the machine and not
the man." says Lord Lever
~ hulmc. the unofficial British
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30
Not to Al Business

Lord Lcverhulme was asked if nc
thought his theory could be applied
to any business.
NO" he replied. 1T can only he
applied to industries where the over
head charges under the present sys-
tenn are at least as much as the
weekly wage bill. Wherever the
weekly wage exceeds the overhead 1t
cannot be applied Take such an in
dustry as farming. for example
where the overhead consists Of the
COS. Of implements and machinery
that have to be renewed only at IN
frequent intervals and the weekly
ware bill is far higher than the over
head. and the siX-hour day could
not be put into effect without IN
creasing the cost of the product. But.
fortunately. in all industries where
the machine contus for less and the
man for more the mans occupation
i, more healthy and the strain on the
man is less than in industries where
the machine counts for less and the
the mans wages for the least IN the
cost of production. On the farm
even the long hours do not bring the
same strain on man as there IS IN
the factory or foundry, the shop or
the railway locomotive
There are technical considerations
that have 70 be taken into account
in putting into effect the slX-hour
day in England.
1.-The British workman has become
accustomed TO having his Saturday
afternoon off," said Lord Lever
hulme. IF one week he had every al
ternoon off the next week he would
want his Saturday afternoon Just
the same. SO in England the morn
ing shift would go to work at I
o'clock and quit at Ills p. m. every
day. except Saturday, when they
would quit at noon. That would
make them work a thirty-slX hour
week. The afternoon shift would 90
TO work at lis p. m. and work
seven hours and twelve minutes and
TO work on Saturday. That would
,,ivethem thirty-six hour week, ana
the two shifts would alternate on the
morning and afternoon shifts.
The six-hour day is still only
theory with Lord Leverhulme. how
ever. He has not yet been able to
put it into effect at his plants.
eve proposed to start it this sum
mer" he said, but we found there
are two obstacles in the way. In the
first place. the trade unions VIII not
agree to two shifts. They are afraid
of increasing the output, and thereby
decreasing the demand for labor.
They are frightened by the DOGGY OF
over locked warehouses. But they
will get over that. They will learn
that increased output will mean low
or prices because of decreased costs,
and that will mean quick sales and
omptv warehouses, with in turn
rrv for more workmen to supply the
demand.
1.-The second obstacle is the Brit
;sh factory act. which sets the hours
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30
Method Of Paying

Another innovation with Lever
Brothers is in the method Of paying
The old way Of the men coming 70
the cashiers window once a week
has been dropped. TIE workman's
money is now paid irto the bank 70
his credit in checking account. ani
ne Is allowed TO name his own bank.
THE banks like it and the men
like it," said Lord Leverhulme. 1T
encourages thrift and abolishes
many of the obstacles to the work
mans saving. Instead Of spending
all his money at the end Of the week
ard having nothing left TO put in the
bank ne draws out Of the bank only
what he needs for his expenses and
he gets interest on what remains in
the bank.
"The system il quite voluntary.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30
The Man

Lord Lcverhulmc reached New
York last Tuesday on the Maureta-
ria. lie a small man with an erect
carriage. a smooth-shaven, forid
countenance, gray eyes. and silver
white hair brushed straight bacN
from high and broad forehead
you will have to come close to the
table" he said. and speak very dis
tinctly, as am quite deaf lie sat
for an hour and talked. with his
right hand cuppcd behind his ear
hut. unlike many deaf persons, his
orn voice is not strained to a hgh
pitch. but is low and smooth.
Il find | have been greatly mis-
understood in my proposition for a
six-hour day" he continued. 1T has
cen thought that | advocated fac
tory open for six hours only. 1t
really means q factory open for
twelve hours. but working in two
shift.
Il believe, in short, in sweating
the machine and not the man. l
would ike to make the mems work
easier and the machines work
harder. -.
"If a machine wears out IN half
the present normal time the world
! richer. for a new machine has to
he made to replace it, and that
means more work for the workman
and more pay for his work. new
machine sold for more money for the
ma2yfacturer, which becomes more
dividends for the stockholders. But
if man wears out in half the time
the world is poorer, and that needs
no demonstration.
81 also want to reduce the cost OF
production so that | can increase
wages. and that can be done only by
increasing the output. Modern
buildings, the plant and machinery
Of any business, so costly even before
the war and so much more cost!
NOW. run into such huge sums that
the overhead charges distributed
over a limited output will XII any
industry. But double the output ana
vou at the same time lower the cost
of production, thus bringing the
business to a paying basis ana ere
eting a fund for increasinT wages,
That is the basis Of my 'ory OF
the six-hour day.
AT the beginning Of the last
century, the twelve-hour day was
the rule. The workman went u
his task at 7 o'clock in the morning
or earlier and worked twelve hours,
The factory ran twelve hours ana
N. overhead was distributed over
tvs,ys hours . day, or ssventy-tw0
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30

emulation of the preferred stock.
But the stock is of a special class,
which can be cancelled if the holder
leaves the employ of the company.
In the case of the death Of an en-
ployee his certificates are cancelled,
unless he leaves a widow. A widow
is entitled to hold her husband )
certificates unless and until she
marries again, when they are can
celled.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30

is copartnership between the en-
ployees and the employers. When
the words cooperation and profit
sharing were used he corrected them
quickly. you mean copartnership,
don't you?" he asked. My plan is
not cooperation or profit sharing.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30

employees of Lever Bros. Of CO.
partnership certificates. But as
these certificates contribute no new
capital to the business the dividends
paid are 5 per cent less than those
paid on the ordinary shares. For
example, last year the dividend paid
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30

don't like either of them, and |
don't believe in them for either the
employer or the workman. Co
partnership is the thing.
Lord Leverhulme explained that
by his plan of copartnership there
is an annual distribution among the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30
Four Glasses

For convenience in making the
distribution Of certificates the en-
plOyees Of the company are divided
into four classes: staff, management,
statesmen and directors. On the
average an employee receives GER
tificates to the extent Of 10 per cent
Of his annual earnings, but this Is
not hard and fast rule. \ man
reported as Il Stacker gets nothing.
the apathetic receive from 10 10
per cent Of their wages. while an
enthusiastic. appreciatlve and re-
sponsive workman will receive more
than 10 per cent. with special al
lotments for special services and
helpful suggestions. If maC IS
dissatisfied with his allotment he
can appeal to committee made up
Of managers and wornmen for a
readjustment.
In 1919 four thousand certificates
were distributed, to value Of more
than $4,000 Tits year the dis
tribution Is expected 10 equal ST.
$50 900. There Is outstanding now
approximately $5,OOO,Ooo Of the Ger
tiiicatcs. while the issue Of further
S5.O00.00o has been authorized.
This will probably last five or SIX
years. when another $1,000, 900 lssuc
will be authorized This year moro
than six thousand certificates will be
distributed. The company now has
1000 employees who may become
eligible to receive the certificates.
and Lord Leverhulme thinks the
number will rise to $4,000.
I'VE put the system into opera
ton everywhere that we have white
employees" he said. but there are
many places where We cannot use It.
Take the Congo. The negroes there
and the natives in the Pacific would
not understand it. We would have
to use some system based on cowrle
shells with them.
The question Of membership in a
trade union does not enter into the
copartnership plan. I'VE don't want
our employees to come out Of the
unions" Lord Leverhulme said.
we encourage them to belong 20
the unions, but we think our system
attaches cur employees 70 the firm,
makes them better workmen and
more likely TO stay with IL. Some
OF the unions object u our plan.
however They want a fat wage
scale, the same money paid 70 the
good workman and to the bad. That
is state Of mind. 1t did not exist
three years ago and it may pass
away in another three years.
Il am sometimes asked if the sys-
TEN pays he continued. ut is i'm
possible to tell. | only know that
our business is prosperous and it
goes on succeeding year after year.
Our workmen are happy and pros
porous, and # our system tends 10
make finer men and women | be-
lieve it is right, and do not look for
any better indications. ] would
rather make fine men and women
than fine dividendr. And | believe
if make fine men the dividends viii
take care Of themselves as long a.
the work people share in them.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30

who are twenty-one years old and
have been with the company for a
minimum of one year An employee
who remains with the company year
after year gets an additional CO.
partnership certificate every year,
and ultimately will have quite an &C
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-11-30
COp0rfnPrShip

Another of Lord Lcverhulme's
theories. and one that he has al
ready had in operation for ten years,