davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19
Morocco Freed of German Men.
ace and Made Rich Market
for the French

troops to fight with the British a.,
performed her contract under ho.
treaty of alliance dating from n.
poleon's time, and now she can han.
for British aid in the develonnon
Of her considerable ex-colonjes =.
she can count on protection arajns
any German enterprise OF plunder
Colonial Future of
Italy Is Less Clear
AS for Italy, she comes out o.
the war with her colonial future Ice
clear. Her claim to Tripoh stands
indeed, she is to receive from ~,
French certain oases in the Sabara
notably sections of the carav.,
route between Chat and Chadanes
with some similar accessions ON n,
Egyptian side. but she has SIN :,
reconquer Tripoh and even whe,
completely conquered Tripoi hold
out no such promise for future dc
velopment as Algeria or Tunis.
Along the Red Sea and the rr
dian Ocean Italy's two colonies ar
to be increased by cessions both h,
the British and the French. bat III
French seem to have decided not T.
surrender Jibouti, their main Dor
in the Red Sea region and the ter
minus Of the railway which lead
back to Abyssinia. This decisio
Will be a disappointment to tn
Italians, and it cannot be SAID tha
even with their acquisitions fror
the French and the British thei
Red Sea colonial experiment prom
ises future development Of an.
magnitude.
By contrast Italy has acquired
with the consent of her allies. TIL
to vast region in Asia Mino,
back of the Gulf of Adala, toge,he
WITH the port and city of Adahs
1t is conceivable that this new col
ony may prove the iniaal step n
process Of expansion which wi
carry Italian arms and Italian rul,
far inland and even enable ltal,
to become the mistress of all 0
Anatolla. But before this tlrn
comes Italy must conquer the Turk
not an easy task, and she mas a.
ways to reckon with Greek rivalry
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19
France and Britain
Have Gained Most

Actually Britain and France ar,
the great gamers on the colonia
side. as consequence Of the recen
war France has consolidated he
already great African empire an
has escaped from the constan
menace of German designs. Wit
Morocco at last firmly in her eras
and her possession approved am
supported by the only states v1ic
could interfere, France has fic
for expansion commercially an
politically. She has a market fo
manufactures, a new and r.c'
source for raw material and d new
resource for recruits. Drawn.
upon the warlIke tribes Of Morocco
as she has drawn upon the nativ
populations Of Algeria and Senega
she can materially lessen the bur
den upon her own population a.
ready temporarily reduced by thl
collapse of Germany as military
power.
France, Great Britain and. IN
smaller way, Belgium. Will be abb
to discharge some portion OF ,hel
great financial burdens as resu
Of the change in the colonial siiua
ton. Personally. l believe that th.
colonial empire of France assure
her continuation as a great powe
and holds out the promise Of 4 nev
prosperity, combined with q large
participation in world commerc
and colonial development Of tn
French population
If war is prevented for anothe
half century II seems almost 10
evltable that North Africa viii b.
brought back to the prosperity an
civilization which it enjoyed unde
Rome, and even # war comes afte
only twenty-five years Of truce "
shall see Moroccan troops al
African troops restoring the bal
ance between French and German
armies completely.
Moreover, in q far shorter TN
we shall certainly see an enormou
transformation of Africa; we sha'
see a railway expansion recallin.
that which followed our own Civ
War in America, and cut Of thi-
rev and peaceful conquest We sha
see arising a prosperity which "il
GO far 70 liquidate the great costs @
the recent war.
fcoppt0As. 1873. ty The Mcclure Ne,cspaps
Syndicate.)
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19
T. HELENA, the island whose
speciality is the entertain
~ ment Of deposed monarchs,

~ ment Of deposed monarchs,
has good economic reasons
for its reported desire to have the
Kaiser for prisoner" says bulletin
from tho National Geographic So
ciety's Washington headquarters.
Napoleon was its most famous and
beat paying guest though not the only
one. Dinizulu, Zulu king, was
more recent exile, sent there after he
led rebellion against the British dur
ing the Transvaal in 1889. While Ma
polcon was at st. Helena 'proiteerng
at the expense of the Bonaparte house
hold and the numerous members Of tn,
garrison sent to guard him was re-
duced to . fno art by the tho island
citizens.
ain fact, it was the high cost of St,
Helena living which created part of the
friction between Napoleon and the
British Governor OF the Island, Sir
Hudson Lowe. Instead Of living within
the $4,000 allowed for maintenance OF
Bonaparte and the half hundred mem-
bern OF his encourage. the bills for
year mounted to three times that sum
Upon complaint Of the Governor. which
Napoleon resented, the cx-monarch ex.
ecutcd a bit of play to the gallcries'
by ordering his silvor sold and his bed
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19

q In Africa resulting from
the World War. In the
present article l should like to COM
ment in some detail upon the CO
lonial development, which seems Ger
tain to follow the World War, and
particularly as it will affect France
and Great Britain.
The great industrial expansion of
sale rirst half Of the nineteenth CEN
sury enabled all the nations impov-
erlsned by nearly quarter of CEN
tury Of struggle against the French
Republic and Napoleon to pay their
debts and achieve great prosperity.
Britain, more than all other ma
lions, gained by this transformation
in industry and transportation, but
all shared. After our Civil War it
was the development of the West
which served q similar purpose.
In the same fashion, it seems to
me almost inevitable that the next
half century will see a tremendous
expansion of colonial activity, not
80 much in the white colonies of
Britain, such as South Africa, Aus
tralia and Canada (although these
will unquestionably profit by an in
lux of soldiers, for whom return to
sheir old occupation after four years
Of war will prove impossible), as
for the colonies of exploitation, such
as Egypt and North Africa, to-
gether with the colonies where some
settlement will be possible for white
people. But the main field will be
'or the development Of native popu-
ations and the natural resources of
he country.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19
French Colonial Railways
VIII Be Developed

Even more interesting, since less
amiliar to the American world. is
he promise Of development of
french colonial railways. With the
expulsion Of Germany from the
Congo and the enforced recogni-
lion by the Germans of French
supremacy in Morocco France is at
last free, witho1t the old haunting
fear that she was building for Ger
many. to complete her railway sys-
ems In her own African empire.
french capital and French mer-
chants can take up the task of com
3leting the great work which for
nearly a century the French have
been pushing slowly in the regions
from Algeria southwark.
Precisely as Britain will now re
store prosperity in the Garden Of
Eden, the French will be able 10
transform Morocco, one Of the rich
egt bits Of undeyeloped land in the
world. Already the French have
l1ak completed modern harbor a.
1asablanca, on the west coast, and
onahed a railway up TO Fez. while
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19
British Will Complete
! C.ape-to-Cairo Railway

Beyond all doubt we shall see, in
no distant time, the realization of
Cecil Rhodes's great dream of
Cape-to-Cairo railway, now that the
elimination Of Germany from that
single block Of territory which inter-
rupted the continuity of British pos
session from Alexandria to Cape
Town has been achieved. In the
same way we shall see British
capital take over the Bagdad rail
way. probably in cooperation with
he French, and complete railway
extending from the Gulf of Alexan-
iretta to the Persian Gulf and be-
yond to the point of junction with
1he railways of India. With France
established in Syria and Britain as
sured of supremacy in Mesopotamia,
the old obstacles to this railway will
disappear.
At no renote day passengers will
Take train in London, arrive in
France by the Calais Tunnel, now to
DO constructed without delay, pass
through France and on down the
valley Of the Danube to Constanti-
nople, and, crossing the Bosporus by
a train ferry, continue along the
road Of Alexander the Great
through the Cilician Gate to Aleppo,
where passengers for Cairo and
Cape Town will part with those 60
ing to, Bagdad and Calcutta.
While German ambition to trans
form Turkey into a political annex
and menace India and Egypt ex-
1sted, while German military influ-
cnce dominated at the Golden Horn,
British and French political inter
ests equally looked unsympatheti-
cally upon the Bagdad scheme, al
though at the moment when the
war broke Britain and Germany
had practically reached an under
standing which would have left
Germany master of the Bagdad
Hallway from Constantinople to the
.ower Tigris.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19
Belgian Congo Freed
From German Threat

H. had been the expectation of
Germany, plainly revealed in the
blackmail she collected from France
in the Agadir affair, backmaiI
which consisted of 100000 square
miles of the French Congo, to create
German Mittelafrica, extending
from the Atlantic to the Indian
Ocean and including all of the
French Congo and such pickings as
could also be extracted from the
Portuguese in Angola and south of
German East Africa.
Like France, Belgium is now re
lieved from the imminent threat of
German despoliation. Germany is
gone as an African neighbor. while
in Europe her capacity for evil is, at
least, abolished for q number of
years. Moreover, France, Great
Britain and, not impossbly, the
United States, will for the future
guarantee Belgium against German
robbery, since neither of the two
former desire to have Germany as
an African neighbor again, or can
consent Co see Belgium assailed in
Europe without going to her aid.
In the same fashion the portu-
guese are freed from the nightmare
Of German robbery. Over and over
again German writer's declared Ger
mnny's intention to acquire Portu-
p'uese colonies. A treaty existed be-
tween Britain and Germany, con-
raining Britain's consent to German
acquisition of large portions Of the
Portuguese estate, but, as the Ger
mans always charged, the condition
WAS that Portugal should be will
ing participant in the negotiation
and Portugal, under British advice
was never willing.
In the recent war Portugal sent
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19

Gus and considerable for 1000
years. With the aid of her loyal
and well trained Algerian and
Tunisian native functionaries, with
the use Of her Senegalese troops as
garrison against possible Turkish
attack, France will be able, with
little expense, to restore prosperity
and expand civilization in this re-
mote corner of the Mediterranean
and Beirut, like Tunis, Oran, AL
giers and Bona, will become client
of Marseilles.
For Americans, who are inclined
to view the French future with
some misgivings it seems to me that
the new possibilities in French
Africa, viewed in the light of past
French achievements on the same
continent, should serve as a counsel
of optimism. The old argument
that France, lacking a rapidly in
creasing population, could not col
onize was shown to be falacious in
the case Of Algeria, where the
French immigrants, by no means
inconsiderable In number, were
powerfully reinforced by Spanish
and Italian elements, which, in
generation or two, were absorbed
into the French family. To-day
there are as many whites in Mo-
rocco, Tunis and Algeria as in the
whole of the Union of South Africa,
despite the far more recent date
when colonization began, and in re-
cent years the development has
been as rapid,
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19
Dakar to Rio Janiero
Only Three-Day VOYAGE

From Dakar the ocean voyage to
Rio Janeiro will hardly exceed three
days and with the aid of a train
ferry service between Algeciras and
Tangier the French expect to
shorten the time of travel between
South America and Europe by at
least one-half.
Their second plan is the much
discussed Transsaharan, crossing
the desert from Algeria. to the Niger
and sending off a branch which,
continuing always on French soil,
will reach the Ubanghi and the Con-
go, by Lake Tchad, connect with the
Belgian railways Of the Belgian
Congo and offer an alternative
route for the traveller who would
go from London to Cape Town.
The western branch, reaching the
Niger, will intersect whole series
of French railways coming inland
from the several French colonies
from Dakar to Dahomey.
For France her great African
empire holds out the best promise
for the future. In Algeria and
Tunis she has already established
100000 Europeans, two thirds of
Them French by birth or naturaliza-
ton, and she has performed the
even more difficult task Of winning
he loyalty of the natives. In the
recent war hundreds Of thousands
of Algerian and Tunisian native
troops fought in France, supplying
some Of the best shock troops, and
as reward for this service and the
unshaken loyalty Of the Algerian
natives they have recently been ad-
mitted to the full exercise of the
rights Of French citizenship.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19
Britain Really Gamer
In Colonial Expansion

Of course, Britain remains the
great colonial nation and the real
gamer in colonial expansion by
the war. In Africa she has ac-
quired three-quarters of a million
square miles Of German territory,
against less than a third as great
a gain by France. She has, more
over, rounded out her African estate
and her road TO Cape Town is now
clear. Under British rule the Ger
man colonies are bound to march
rapidly to real prosperity, particu-
larly German East Africa, which is
an empire in itself.
In Asia, loo, the great prize is
British. Mesopotamia and the first
mortgage on Persia together serve
as outworks for both Egypt and In
dia. Thus, British manufacturers
will find new markets, British ship
ping new ports. What has already
been done in Egypt along the Nile
will be repeated in Mesopotamia, be-
tween the Euphrates and the Tigris.
Two little nations-Belgium and
Portugal-also will profit by the
new order in the colonial field. Bel
GUMS great Congo colony will now
be increased by the addition Of two
provinces taken from German hold
ings and Belgium will be insured, at
last, against German scheme to
appropriate her African holdings.
1t was Bernhard who advanced the
ingenious and truly German theory
that in acquiring the Congo Bel
gium had sacrificed her neutrality,
and all through the war, while there
was minority Of Germans opposed
to the acquisition Of Belgium, there
was no German voice raised against
seizure of the Belgian Congo.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19
Germany Menace to
French i'm Morocco

In Algeria and Tunis France has
been working successfully for many
years. She began in Algeria in
1871 and in Tunis in 1881. In Mo-
rocco her real effort only dates from
1911, and even then German oppo-
sition and German menace re
trained French effort and held out
he ever real menace that a success
'ul German attack in Europe would
DC followed by a German seizure of
Morocco. AS the former German
ChancelioF, Buclow. wrote in his
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19
By Frank II. Simonds

a FEW weeks ago | discussed
. in some detail the changes
In Africa resulting from
New-York tribune., 1919-10-19
Morocco Is Prize
OF Colonial Future

For the development Of the ad
joining Morocco France has thus
the assured aid Of her native popu-
lations Of Algeria and Tunis and
the same assistance will be of in
calculable advantage to her in Syria,
where the population is also Arab
end Mahometan. Morocco, more
over, as | have said, is the prize of
the colonial future. 1t has vast re-
sources in iron, great belts of black
soil, agriculturally far richer than
Algeria or Tunis.
With railways and all the other
circumstances Of civilization France
can hope to transform Morocco as
she has transformed Algeria and
Tunis. which have become tremen-
dous markets for French manufact-
ures and sources of large variety
of raw materials and foodstuffs
necessary to French existence at
home. A population, native and
European, Of 100000 in these
three Barbary states will do much
to restore the balance between
French and German populations
and thus French and German mill
tary strength.
Nor is the situation In West
Africa less promising. A great
trunk railway system is almost com
pleted from Dakar, on the Atlantic,
to the navigab!e Niger, the unfinished
link covered by the steamboat ser
vice on the Senegal and French
system, and industry has already
transformed the vast region wat
cred by the Senegal and the Upper
Niger, inhabited by 10000, 900
blacks, far more industrious than
the inhabitants Of Central Africa.
FROM these natives, too, France
drew many divisions of Senegalese
troops, who figured in some OF the
most successful operations of the
recent war.
Germany Merarn %n
The Greeneville daily sun. (Greeneville, Tenn.) 1918-1920, 1919-07-31
May Affect "..
High Cost Living

WASHINGTON. July 31.-Several
Investigations which may have an eff
feet on the high cost of living are
underway in the department of JUS
tice, Attorney-General Palmer said
today. He declined, however, to indi-
cate their nature.
The encouragement said that
while economic conditions were the
fundamental cause of high prices, vic.
lations of laws designed to prevent
concerted raising of prices also might
be partly responsible.
"There is no doubt that the ma.
jority of the people are more pros
porous than ever before, farmers and
wage earners especially" Mr.. Palmer
said. "The man who has suffered
from high prices has been the sal
aried man, the clerk. / wish we
could do something to help him. I'm
open to suggestions"
The Greeneville daily sun. (Greeneville, Tenn.) 1918-1920, 1919-07-31
deep and Careful Consideration"
Being Given by President in Request
for Action in Reducing Cost of Living

WASHINGTON, July 31.-(By United Press )-"Deep
and careful consideration being given by President Wilson
the request of the brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers that
take immediate action toward reducing the cost of living
stated authortavely the White House today Pres
dent Wilson will probably lay the whole matter before his
cabinet for considering it in special session.
1t is believed that the president is also tremendously in
eresed in reports by the Federal Trade Commission its
investigation of packers Friends of the Kenyon BILL drawn
to regulate packers say that President Wilson supports the
..
The war department today arranging with the post
office department for the distribution of surplus foods
direct through the mails Under this scheme or
des for this food may be placed direct with any postmaster
The Greeneville daily sun. (Greeneville, Tenn.) 1918-1920, 1919-07-31
Would Deprive
i: d. Mexico of Arms

F,WASHINGTON, July 31.-Con-
gress would declare itself opposed to
expectation into Mexico of any arms
or, munitions of war under resolu-
ton introduced today oy Representa-
tive Hudspeth, democrat Texas.
The resolution asserts that mas
much as the existing embargo on ship
ment of arms into Mexico permits
certain exceptions, congress should go
on record as opposing any exporta-
ton whatever.
President Wilson, through proc
lamation made public several days
ago, directed no arms or munitions OF
any kind should be sent into Mexico
except under such limitations as
might be prescribed by the secretary
of state.
Representative Hudspcth's resolu-
tion follows:
"That inasmuch as the President OF
the United States has found that there
exists in Mexico conditions of domes,
tic violence, promoted by the use OF
arms and munitions of war procured
from the United States, as expressed
in the embargo proclamation dated
July IL, 1919, and inasmuch as he
has, in consequence, forbidden the
expectation to that country of al
arms or munitions Of war except un
der limitations and exceptions to b'
prescribed by the secretary of state
it is the sense of congress that this
measure shall be administered impair
tally and without limitation or ex
ception as to any citizen or authori
ties of the republic Of Mexico"
The Greeneville daily sun. (Greeneville, Tenn.) 1918-1920, 1919-07-31
Summary of Crop
Conditions in
Tennessee

NASHVILLE, Tenn, July 30
Very little rain occurred during the
week and the need of moisture is ap-
parent almost everywhere. Over
probably one third or omre of the
State the drought is becoming Sc
rious. The conditions were favor
able for cleaning crops. Corn made
only fair progress but its condition
continues good as a rule. In some To-
calties the crop is very good, while
in the dryest spots it is poor. Cotton
has not suffered so much from
drought, and although late, the crop
looks well in most places. The hot
weather and sunshine were favorable
for cotton, except for the dryest
areas. and it is blooming and fruit.
ing very well. 1t will need rain very
soon, however. Irish potatoes arc
yielding very well, on an average fOi
the State. Second planting of pota
soes is being done where moisture
conditions are suitable. Sweet pota
toes did fairly we'll, but would be ben
Gifted by rain. A few sweet pota
.oes ale being marketed. Tobacco
generally made fair progress, but il
some important districts it is late an'
present condition only fair. Mile
and beans and peas for hay need rain
Gardens generally are suffering yer,
much from the drought.
The Greeneville daily sun. (Greeneville, Tenn.) 1918-1920, 1919-07-31
Few u. S. Soldiers
Captured by Enemy

WASHINGTON, July 30.-Many
American combat divisions which saw
heavy fighting in France lost few men
to the Germans in prisoners.
For example, the famous Rainbow
Division (42d), which saw service for
over a year. lost one officer and Ill
men in prisoners. The I'd Division,
which included the marines who earn
ed undying fame in Belleau Wood,
lost 152 men and five officers, while
the 1st Division (regulars) lost no of
fcers and 152 men.
From the 9th Division New York
National Guards) the enemy took
prisoner three officers and 226 men,
while the 77th Division New York
National Army lost eleven officers
and 392 men.
The New England Division (26th)
lOSJ nlHOJccH OlllCSIo anu NOo hiSH
and was second on the list in prison
ers taken. The 28th Division penn
sylvania) heads the list with eighteen
officers and TIA men taken prisoners,
The 77th Division holds third place
in the number. The Sd Division (reg-
ulars) is fourth, with o loss of eight
officers and 306 men.
The 77th Division suffered 1892
battle deaths and had 8,505 officers
and men wounded, while the 9th Di.
visions losses were 1,785 battle
deaths and 1901 wounded.
The total battle deaths taken from
the final report of the Central Rec
ords Office, A. E. F., was AZ, ,498, anc
the total wounded $500.