davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30

alt the Russian armies were out Of
Poland
The Grand Duke Nicholas planned to
hold the Russian line of mobilization
along the Bug River through Brest- Lii
tovsk to Grodno and Kovno and thence
north to Riga. But the momentum of
the German attack could not be checked.
Kovno surrendered under circumstances
which suggested collusion with the enc
my. The Brest-Ltovsk line was punct-
ured and a new retreat became inevi-
table. Nicholas was relieved of command
on September 5, and the Russian armies
drftcd back under the Cars orders until
they stood, about October / on the
Dvina River, east of Wilma, east of the
Pripet marshes and, in the south, be-
tween the fortresses of Rovno and
Dubno. In the great retreat Russia had
lost from 100000 to 100000 men.
The Russian campaign Of 1915 was not
altogether imposing as military
achievement. 1t did not compare in bril-
lance to Foch's 1918 offensive in France
and Belgium, to Franchet d'Esperey's in
the Balkans or to Allenby's in Palestine
Given the enormous technical superiority
OF the German armies, they should have
accomplished more. Won Falkenhayn
and Won Hindenburg were also pupils OF
Count Schlieffen. They had the Gamma
formula always in mind. But they didn't
work it out any more successfully than
Won Moltke the Younger had worked it
out in France.
The Russian armies in the Warsaw
salient we're ripe for development. At
several stages in the course Of the great
retreat they were in extreme peril. Won
Mackcnsen might have blocked the road
east from Warsaw il he had reached
Iubln Il little sooner. Again ut wilma.
where the Russians, under the Czar's
urRings, made too obstinate stand Won
DIndenburg had them surrounded on two
sdea, with his cavalry in their rear. But
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30

were cases where battery used its last
reserve stocks. An army corps would
receive no more than / 900 shells at one
delivery and would not know the date
when another delivery would be made.
By this time the army commanders un-
derstood that the shortage of munitions
was not a creation of overcaution, but
a sad reality"
With the heavy artillery (Which could
hardly be classified as heavy when com
pared with Won Mackenscn's monster
hoWltzers) the situation was even worse
On this point Gourio testifics:
"But if the Russian artillery had a
shortage in field gun shells the lack of
shells for the heavier guns was even
more pronounced. In 1915 cases were
known where heavy batteries we're sent
to the rear ostensibly for repair, but
actually because of lack Of ammunition
for them. This position gradually got
better, but, nevertheless, 1t avas only in
the spr1ng Of 19l7 that the different
armies we're made happy by being able
to reckon on having several tens of thou
sands Of shells for the 6-inch guns and
100000 4.8-inch trench mortar bombs;
and this, in comparison with the hun
dreds of shells which were supplied in
1914, and even in 1916, might be con-
sidered satisfactory"
But in the spring Of 1917 Russia was
virtually out Of the war.
AT the battle Of the Dunajcc Won
Mackenscn's heavy artillery is estimated
to have used 100000 shells. And by
November, 1914, the Germans were en-
ploying 12-inch guns in field operations
while the Russians had nothing heavier
than 6-inch guns until the spring Of
1916.
The Dunajcc therefore brutally un-
covered Russia's military wcakness--a
weakness which could not possibly be
overcome except through an effective
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30

approximately 10 per cent of her old
area, with something like 5.500,000 of
people, or about per cent of her ante
war population. This last will possibly
but not surely be offset by the gain in
cident to the union of the German speak
ing districts of Austria with the Ger
man Empire.
But there are two other changes in
German frontiers which may wholly
modify this situation. Between the
Rhine on the east and the Belgian,
French and Luxembourg boundaries ON
the west it is now proposed to create a
Rhenish Republic which for a consider
able period of time-for that time dur
ing which the Allied armies will occupy
German teTritory--is guarantee for
the payment of German obligations.
This Rhenish Republic will have an area
of approximately 10000 square miles and
a population of between 100000 and
5,000,O00 If, as is possible, at the end
of the period of occupation it chooses
independence rather than a return to
Germany this population will be lost to
the empire permanently, but in any case
it will be lost for period of years and
German military resources will be cor
respondingly reduced.
Finally, we face the possibility ex-
pressed in the demand of President Will
son in his fourteen points, that Poland
should have access to the sea- Three So
lutions Of this problem are possible. The
first would simply give the Poles rights
In Dahzig compatible with those which
the Serbs now possess with respect to
the Greek port Of salohiea. rights which
do not conflict with Greek sovereignty,
and on the other hand guarantee the
Serbs against any interference with the
free egfess and ihgfess Of their com
meree II Is the simplest solution. The
second solution suggests the bestoWal
upon Poland Of considerable strip Of
territory on the left bank Of the Vistula
River from the old Russian frontier to
the Baltic, constituting perhaps a half
Of the Prussian province of East Prus-
sa, inhabited mainly but not entirely
by Poish-speaking peoples. The third
solution contemplates the annexation
and cesson to Poland Of all the Ger
man territory between the old Russian
frontier and the German province of
Poscn on the south, which is to be joined
to Poland and the sea. This would
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30

man progress was impeded by an over
dependence on heavy artillery and spe-
cial "shock troop" formations. Armies
which use 12inch guns in the field must
be slow on their feet. And this fault of
slowness was not overcome by the Ger
man commanders even as late as 1915
when the warfare of positions had ended
and semi-open warfare had returned.
Germany didn't achieve on the Rus
sian front a Sedan or Sadowa. She
didn't gather the full fruits of her mill
tary superiority. But her territorial
gains enabled her to set up on that front
the framework of a Tcutcn Middle
Europe.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30
Episodes of the Great War: HI-The Duna

treat to the Dvina River and the Pripct
marshes, but also because it struck a
new balance in values between the Of
fensive and the defensive. Rigid trench
warfare had paralyzed the offensive. 1t
had made simply murderous the old
fashioned mass attack, following old
fashioned artillery preparation. The
British offensive at Neuve Chapelle in
March, 1915, indicated what massed and
intensified artillery hre-"drum fire.
could do to an enemy holding an ordinary
trench line. But the infantry follow-up
at Neuve Chapelle had been a complete
failure.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30

economic sense in moral sense. Russia
is in chaos. If to 1S0,OO0,00O Russians
there are added 7O,00O,OO0 Germans, if
we have quarter of million people in
Europe given over to the production of
anarchy, will not the peril of contagion
be as great as was the old danger of in
vasion? And if even now we intervene
to save what is left Of order in Germany
and we do save Germany how shall 40,-
100000 Of Frenchmen in the future de-
fend themselves against 70,000000 Ger
mans when Germany has regained her
health and absorbed the Austrian Ger
mans?
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30
What VIII Be
Left of the Lemon?

Summing it all up, it will be seen that
Germany is to lose by permanent ces.
sion and by the surrender of the Rhen;sh
regions, which is at least temporary. nm
ward of $4,000 square miles, more tb.r
20 per cent of her old area, with a non,,
lation of at least 100000, more than
one-seventh of her ante-war population
But of this population 100000 at least
are Poles and 100000 Alsatians and
Lorrainers. who were unwilling Germsr
subjects. To Offset this Germany MAJ,
gain an area two-thirds as large in o,a
Austria with 100000 of German-speat.
ing people.
The loss then to Germany would not no
serious were it not for the fact that the
regions to be separated include all the
more valuable iron deposits and at leas,
one of the great coal fields, and as a CON
sequence will result in the permanent
weakening of German industry. Ger
many will lose approximately all that
portion of her iron and coal production
which was in excess of her own domestic
consumption and this may be very
grave problem for the future when VIZ
come to consider how Germany is to nay,
Such, then, Is the present proposal IN
Paris In respect to Germany. II will b.
seen that in the main the territories
which are to be SUI 'racted belong 10 The
nations which are now to reeeiye them
The Rhebish Republic is compromise
between French and Belgian demands
for security and President Wilson's
principle of self determination. Only in
Poland are considerable German popula-
tlons possibly but not certainly to be
assigned to rulers of another race. but
here the question is whether 2b,00O 900
Poles shall be deprived of economic free
dom in the interests of preserving the
racial independence Of 100000 Ger
mans or whether the relatively smaller
German population shall be sacrificed
as necessary detail in the creation of
real and enduring Poland.
Copyright, 1919, by The Mcclure Newspaper
Syndicate
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30
By William l.. Mcpherson

r N BOTH the political and the mill
sN tary sense Germany's vital need was
-. always to secure her Continental
position. Before William IFS time
Z this need had been kept steadfastly in
view. Prussia fought the wars of 1864,
1866 and 1870 in order to consolidate the
+ German states under her leadership. Bis
J. marck constructed the Triple Alliance in
+, order to extend German power over Cen
tral Europe Mitteleuropa was not an
: invention of the latter day pan-Germans;
it was natural outgrowth Of German
opportunities and ambitions
~ Germany's immediate future lay in the
Last OF Europe, not in the West, or over
:, seas. When she turned her armies East
r,in January, 1915, and began the con-
struction Of vast central Teutonized
2 state, stretching well into Russia and
southeast across the Bosporus toward the
, Gulf of Persia, she obeyed sound polti-
cal and military instinct. There is little
TO show, however, that her leaders were
clearly conscious Of the larger purposes
OF the eastern campaign. With the Cen
. eral Staff, now reorganIZcd under Won
Falkenhayn, 1t seemed to be rather a
question Of going to the rescue Of Aus
= tria- Hungary, recovering Galcia, selling
Poland and securing East Prussia from
Russian invasion, before turning back
for military decision in the West.
Won Falkenhayn was a convinced West
erncr and remained one until no fol
lowed Won Moltke into disgrace.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30

linking up Of the eastern and western
Allied fronts. 1t was evident after
Dimtrieff's defeat at Gorice and Bru-
siloffs retreat to Lcmberg that the Ger
mans had an attack which the Russians
were powcress to stop. Won Falken-
hayn could repeat the Dunajec operation
at will and force a Russian retirement
eastward, which would end only when
the vctors were halted either by politi-
cal considerations or by the physical diff
ficulties Of pursuit
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30
Preparing the
Blow

The Germans had failed all through
the winter and early spring to break
through the Russian defence in Poland.
Now they decided 10 crush the front held
by General Radko DimtricfY's army. fac
ing Cracow. Success here would put them
In the rear Of the Russians ut the Dukla
and Lupkow passes and thus compel a
Russian retirement toward Przemysl.
General Won Mackensen was intrusted
with the Dunajec operation. -Four months
were spent in preparing the blow. They
were well spent. For Won Mackensen
was to cut away from the old offensive
methods which had proved so costly and
3nenectFyc IN Poland. as well as in Flan
uers. lie waste invent a new tactics Of
assault, based on the enormous develon.
mens OF the offensive power Of artillery
lie WAS to end the stagnation Of trench
warfare, so far, at least, an the eastern
front was concerned. 1t was his hux;-
e1Iess TO forge an instrument by which
sjkussia's vast superiority In crude man
5 power could be easily Offset. He there
fore set about introducing mechanical
NED form OF warfare in which Russia
could not hope to compete with Cermanv
: since she lacked then and would lack for
4 long time thereafter the big guns and
the munitions stocks with which Ger
many was TO win her impressive and in
expensive victories.
d The Battle Of the Dunajec stands out
IN tbs history Of the war, not only b.
eeuss II started the long Russian re-
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30
By Irving Galvan Seymour

O! THE onrush Of woman threatens
to replace man in ore of his most
-A--% cherished prcrogatives! Latest Cd.
vcopments in the sphere Of fem
inst progress threaten to do away with the
one great masculine privilege that we had
thought would never be questioned. much
less overthrown. And yet, If our fears
come true, the shining row OF bald pates in
the front rows of Broadway orchestras will
be forever dimmed, to be replaced by moth
ing less than the luxuriant tresscs of wom-
anly women! Nothing less, say for the
day OF the tired business man Is fadine to
dusk Of the gods. Enter the tired bus.
ness woman!
This, and issues fraught with no lcss
danger to amuscments masculine, is what
Is forecast by dimnutivs cloud on the
horizon. The particular cloud In question
appears In the sky of late issue Of "The
u'ai, wherein an audacious suthoress
named Mary Vida Clarke tsrriass us with
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30
An Underesfin1afed
Licking

At the moment when the Allies pre-
sented to Germany the terms Of the first
,armistice neither Foch nor any of his
military or political associates believed
the actual extent of the victory. Foch,
like the rest, expected Germany to reject
the terms which we offered, and so great
was the desire for peace among the
masses of the people in the Allied coun-
tries that the original peace terms fell
far short of what was necessary and
of what Germany, actually helpless,
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30
PARIS. March %.
TN THE third month of the Paris con-

=" N THE third month OF the PGr1S con-
ference the general lines of the Peace
IL of Versailles are at last becoming
clear. Certainly, before the first of
April the decision of the victors as to
Germany will have been taken, and the
world will know substantially what are
to be the frontiers of the German people
for the future, what in territory and
population are to be subtracted from
what was the Hohenzollern Empire, and
what, if any, gain there is to be as a
result of the prospective annexation of
Austrian Germany. Similarly we shall
know to what extent the civilized world
is going to demand that the German
tribes shall disarm and approximately
what is to be the payment by Germany
to the nations she has devastated and
plunged into sea of debt.
m Perhaps the most striking thing of all
I'm the Paris conference has been the
absence of any settled policy as to Ger
many. Precisely as Germany surprised
the Allies in March of last year in her
bomme offensive she surprised them in
November by her precipitate surrender.
In March she exposed them as lacking
unity of command, in November she re-
vealed them as without a clearly rea-
soned policy for the exploitation of that
victory which was just becoming unmis-
taxable.
aa We have had therefore over the last
three months two conceptions curiously
conflicting, each In turn influencing the
minds and shaping the policies Of those
whose power 1t was to impose peace upon
Germany and whose necessity IT was TO
fix terms which should guarantee for the
future protection against German attacIs
and reparnton for the German destruc-
tion of the war,
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30
Our Present Dilemma the Result of Unpreparedness
in Peace Costly as Our Unpreparedness
lin War
By Frank II. Simonds

icies of -Germansm, has disappeared.
Economically morally, militarily Ger
many is at dead low water and the flood
tide must be long time coming.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30

mean the cession Of some $4,000 souars
miles of German territory, with a POM.
lation of 3,750,0o0, of which at least
two-thirds would be German.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-30

Copyright, 1919, by The Mcclure Ncmspape
Syndicate
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1919-10-08
ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES

Clemson College, October T.
In all sections of South Carolina,
cabbage plants, for setting the
spring crop, may be grown from
seed sown in the open ground dur
ing early October. Seed planted at
this time should be 5own in compar-
atively rich soil. shallow burrows on
the level, and in well prepared
seed-bed, which furnishes soil pro-
lection Of the plants from severe
weather BY drawing about the
little plants nea rthe approach of a
severe freeze, the little stems are
protected against frost injury and
the seedlings will become hardened,
developing what is commonly known
as "frost-proof" plants. In plant
ing at this time, it is essential that
the seed-bed be prepared on the
level and that the seed be in
trenched in medium shallow drill
Onions grown from seed, sown in
the same way as directed for the
growing Of "frost-proof" cabbage
high prices, but it must be remem-
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1919-10-08

plants, should be planted during
early October. Rows should be 12
to Is inches apart, and the seed
planted thickly in the drill, using
an ordinary seed planter. The
Prize-taker and White Pearl are
probably the best varieties for this
purpose.
The orchard should not be al
lowed to grow up to weeds and
grass, as this is very harmful to the
trees, and is an ideal alternating
place for insects, which may include
the boil weevil. Good fruit trees
and vines of standard varieties are
very scarce this year, resulting in
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1919-10-08

bered that "cheap" trees and vines
are the highest in the end. See
your county agent, or write to the
Extension Service, Clemson College,
5. c., for list of varieties of fruits,
together with list of reliable nur-
series, and plan to have a good ~or-
chard
Begin at once to build your po-
tato storage house, as building ma
terial is not likely to be much cheap
er, and the loss of crop will mean
more than few dollars saved by
waiting. Write for Circulars, 10,
II, and 12,-"Potato Storage House
Construction in South Carolina"
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1919-10-08
Visit the State Fair 4
It's Worth While

Are coming the State Fair October 27-a1? If not
why not? 0 s4%/. 5|.a l%
The South Carolina Agricultural Society
which promotes State this year celebrating it's semi
fifty years Society has sought to better agr
cultural conditions in enlourage breeding
better vesock cattle and hogs No fair held last be-
cause conditions redoub
led this year to make the fair extraordinary
Read below partial opportunities to procure prem
and of the other attractions
the fair day at least by
roads Keep these things in mnd
The fair opens Monday morning. October 27
Monday day rough riding by
soldiers from Camp Jackson Thursday night opposing forces
of soldiers will night attacks vdy reproducing
tern front Tanks and field will
the attack.
Tuesday is "Legon Day." the first meeting of the
South Carolina branch of the Legion
held in the hall of the House of Representatives
a. Wednesday and Thursday purses 5000
each will be raced for by South Carolina horsemen
Krauses aggregation shows big ring
hppodrome will furnish
tertainment during the off hours.
day acts are also given for the benefit of
the fair crowds The Delamead Troupe will give
hibtion of posing The Earle
ing feats double flying ladders Poards
give interesting demonstration of that quality
mon horse sense"
Sefenty workers in the farm
forces will hafe displays from practically county
Carolina. of Clemson
lege alone.
g. If you purebred COW or hog you will want one
when you examine the premium lists being
tcaons The premiums these two classes
IT, Breeders of fine poultry will have the
of birds assembled Seven silver trophy cups
are to be awarded, in addition to the usual
Government will send the greatest collection
OF exhibits sent out to the
trophies of the Great War; including guns every
on the western front Two freight necessary
this collection and 5000 feet of space necessary
in which to set them
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1919-10-14
LLEGOALAREDO,TEX
E GOBERNADOR De
TANAULIP
VISITO AL COHANDANTE
NILITAR GRAIL BUCK
VINO A RECtBIR A LA EXCURSION DE- CA
PITALISTAS QUE TRATA De IHVERTIR
SUS FORTUNAS EN- MEXICO

Te.sgre-= E<nccsai pare II PEENSA.
LAREDO. Texas. octubre l5.-El
GoheyaaIor INFERNO del Esrado de
TamaujipaS. professor Andres Osuna,
quien lego aver 4 Nuevo Laredo. en-
viaj2 le negccios particulares. segun
declare. hi@o hoy una vista al Ge-
neral Buck. comandante del Distri-
10 M.litGr Ge Laredo, en- el Fuerte
Mcintosh.
El Se3or Osuna vino a territorio
americaro acompanado del actual
Aicalde de Nucvc Laredo. senor Juan
Barrera. Y de! Vice Consul de los Es-
ta3os UridoS en- la miSma poblacion
vecina. Mr.. Eaton.
Cortestando 4 unaS pregunras ole
le fueron hechaS respecto del verda-
dero obJeto de su viaje Ia fronte-
"a. el scbernador de Tamaulipas ma
r.tssr6 duc ha venido a recibir m
-.upo de capitalists del este de los
Es-aios Unidos. Que t;oHen intcr2S
on irvartir fuerCeS capita.eS en- Ia
iniustria hcrequenera On una vaSca
region Ge TanaulipaS.
los t;chcs capitalists .lecarou noy
"a Laredo : acomoa6ados del cchcrns-
der Csuna scCuiran su viaie Gu
dad Victoria. de donde Sc traslada-
ran les extensos terrenos donde
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1919-10-14
S|CUE SALIENDO
IA PLATA d:
MEXICO
EN-
GRAN ESCALA
Los hacen a pesar de las
precauciones que to-
ma eI gobierno
Co--c.pc-G~-c.a especial rerc la PEENSt

rCo--esrr-G~rc.a c5pcclai Tcrc Ia PRENS.''
CIUDAD De MEXICO, OctubCc 10
Una cantidad muy respectable &c
moncda de plata ha salido va con dl-
reccion a los Estados Unidos. a pc
sar de que el MiniStro de Hacienda Ia
creia garantizada. en- vista dc que no
era costeable su exportacion 81 Sc tenla
en- cucnta la cotizacion del eXtranJc-
70. Sabase aqui que. con ei preteX-
to de que las industrias fronterizas
necesitan moneda en- plata para sus
salaries. Sc han embarcado para Sal
tillo. Monterrey Torreon. canu-
dadeS mayores de doscientos mil pc
SOS de metal biaRco y que de estas
plazas Sc enviara de contrabando
Ia vecina Republica del Norte.
Las oficinas del Express siguen re-
cibiendo consigraciones dc moneda,
pueS solamente rehusan aquellas
que directamente van las poblacio-
nes riberenas del Bravo.
Con este motive, Ia escasez de mo-
media fraccionaria en- el mercado es
va completa. al extreme de 4uc en-
estos ultimos dias Sc han dificultado
hasta las pequenas transacciones de
los almacenes Y vendimias.
La Bolsa de Ealores Y algunas ca
sas bancarias '. aun los mismos Co
votes, han asegurado que es un he
cho cl acaparamiento dc Ia moneda
de plata : su exportacion a. cXtran-
CPasa ia sa- Col. IA
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1919-10-14
UN CLUB
LOS EX-FEDERALES
EN- FL PASO, TEXAS
Serd e::.,IusiUQnente de eEloS
y Ileyard por Rom5re
Centre Cultural
Porfiri;o Diaz
Telc9-rr4 Especial pare IA PRENSA.

Ell PASO. TENAS. octubre IS
4 las cu2t~o de la tarde de hoy. tuvo
verificativo en- el Club Juvenil More
los. ana junta de los cX-federales.
Ia cual fuc convocada por el General
Joaquin Tellez.
Concurrieron 4 ella mas de cincuen
ia personas. habiendosc discutido Ia
idea dc establecer aQui IN Cub MI
litar en- el Que solamontc seran ad-
mitidos los miembros del Ejercito Fe-
deral disuelto de las fuerzas ire
Cularas cue fueron asimiladas 4 q.
Habiondo sido arrobada lo idea Sc
procedio a pensar en- el nombre que
debera llcvar. Y Sc OPTIC por el de
"Centro cultural Porfirto Diaz-"