davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
g s.S: AGE-FIERALD'S FARM PAGE s;;::..532s.
DIV RSIFIED FARMING
 B E T FER LIVE TOCKl
Hog Day In Bullock

Tuesday, May 20 will long be remem- bered as "hog day in Bullock county" Six hundred and forty-nine porkers, filling eight solid cars, were marketed and over SIS, 600 were left with the farmers in ex- change therefor. Union Springs was crowded from daylight to dark with wagons loaded with hogs and the grad ing, which begun promptly, was not fin- ished until o'clock in the afternon. Ad- ditional pens had to be built to hold the hogs, and it was by far the largest sale ever held in this section.
 Robert Britt of Midway was the suc- cessful bidder over all securing the top at price which netted producers SIS. 65 per hundred pounds. One commendabie feature of the offering was the compara- lively small number of light hogs mar keted, only 136 in the lot all the rest grad ing ones and twos. This shows that Bull lock county farmers get the full value and profit from their hogs before bringing them to market.
 The Bullock County Live Stock associa- ton is one of the strongest associations in the state and President s. P. Rainer and Manager Kirkland are being congrat- ulated upon the successful outcomes. County Agent J. A. Mcleod and Market ing Specialist L. T. Wells of Auburn ren- dered valuable aid in the grading and un- loading of the hogs. It is an interesting fact that Bullock county never sold any hogs outside of the county until 1917.
 On June "A another big sale will be held and an old-fashioned barbecue will also be served by the association.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
Value in Animal Fats

Recent experiments in the office of home economies of the United States De- rartnent of Agriculture were made on the dgestibility Of certain animal fats not used xtsnsively in a culinary way in this country, but used commercially to a certain extent. On the basis of the ex- pcriments it is concluded that goats but ter hard Lalate fat, horse fat, kid fat, oleo fat, olec stearin, OK marrow fat, oxtai. fat and turtle fat, when eaten in amounts equivalent to the quantity of other fat one would eat in the normal dietary are we'll assimilated and should prove wholesome sources of fat for hu- man consumption. The experiments are described in Bulletin SIS, just issued by the department.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
Worm Harmful to Alfalfa

Serious damage to alfalfa by the green clover worm has been reported to the Department of Agriculture from several parts of the easern half of the United States, where this pest is distributed gen erally. Although for many years it has been known to occur commonly on clover and has received it's popular name from this fact. it's injury to this crop has rare ly been sufficiently serious to justify con trol measures. It usually confines it's at tacks to leguminous crops, such as alfalfa, clover, soy beans, cowpeas and vetch. but sometimes feeds on strawberries and blackberry plants and some common weeds.
 The best control measure, as recom- nended in Farmers Bulletin 9S2 of the United States Department of Agriculture, consists in timely cutting of the alfalfa crop, so as to remove the food supply when the caterpillars of this insect are most abundant Clean culture is also rec commended, and when outbreaks are par ticularly bad the use of the hopper-dozer is advisable.
 There are three or four generations of the green clover worm a season, accord ing to the bulletin, which allows ample time for the insect to increase greatly in summer The caterpillars are killed
 
 enemies, but this method of control can not be relied upon for protection of the alfalfa crop. The alfalfa should be moved when the insect is in the cater pillar or worm stage-from 10 days to three weeks after the time of the appear ance of the moths in great abundance. To insure success the field should be left as clean and bare as possible in order to remove the food supply and any shel- ter protecting them from the direct rays of the sun, which hastens their destruc- tior
 If these measures can not be carried out without injury to the alfalfa, either from premature cutting or too prolonged delay, wait until the alfalfa is ready for another cutting. It ought to be possible, however before the summer is passed to clear the fields of this insect in this manner.
 In the eastern states premature cutting often results in permanent injury to al- falfa. especially while it is young and for this reason the cutting of this crop much in advance of the normal period is not recommended
 As this caterpillar feeds on many diff ferent plants. ditch banks and fence rows should be kept free from weeds.
 The caterpillars have been caught read ily by dragging field with hopper 6ozer. such as is used for grasshopper outbreaks. It does not hurt the alfalfa when not used to excess, and will catch many injurious insects.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29

By MRS. JOHN C. MOSES
 A community egg circle is really a mod ern revision of the old Fashioned knit ting bee or spelling school, with the ex- ception that it aims toward financial profit rather than social benefit for it's members The annual egg crop of Uncle Sam amounts to approxima tely $700, ,000, 900 in value. Largely because of improper handling and inferior methods of mar keting there is an annual loss of approx i1nately s per cent of the eggs mar keted.
 Many farmers look upon eggs as by product, and the returns as so much clear gain. Their hens forage for a living, eggs are gathered when convenient and stored almost anywhere. With such care lessnesS and a combination of mongrel stock, dirty nests, stolen nests of broody hons, unconf1ned males. late maturing bullets and other undesirable conditions, is it any wonder that the ultimate prod uct includes a high percentage of small. cracked, dirty, stale, heated and even rotten eggs?
 Occasionally the accumuIationS of coun- try eggs are taken to the crossroads mer- chant and exchanged for merchandise, The merchant usually buys these eggs lease count paying the same price for all klIuS anu SlLtS, piONidCu tiicJ ioNS urbroken shells Small production re- suits in small or infrequent shipments.
 HOW TO PREVENT LOSSES
 How can these losses be prevented? By selecting pure breeds that lay more or larger eggs, such as the White Leghorns, the Wyandottes, Plymouth Rocks, Rhode Islan Reds or Orpingtons; by giving bet ter care, food and shelter to the flock and providing dry, clean, vermin-proof nests by confining males except during the breeding season: by collecting eggs ire euently especially during hot or muggy weather; by storing eggs in a dry, clean, cool place: by using the small and other wise unmarketable eggs on the home ta ble: by marketing frequently, with pro tection at all times from heat; by selling for cash on a basis of size and quality, loss off instead of ease count by using an attractive package; and by com bining shipments as a measure of econ omy By uniting several egg producers in an association or egg circle more can be accomplished in these essentials
 One successful egg association has large incubator house of 12,000 eggs ca pacity. where early chicks are produced for the members at low cost This is done in order to obtain early maturing bullets, thus securing eggs during the fall, when the supply is usually scant. The association also has a receiving room Tor
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
Bv w. T. CARMICHAEL,
Secretary National Swine Growers As
 Sociation.

Secretary National Swine Growers AS sociation
 Between 1916 and January 1. 1919. there have been some rather significant changes l in pork production and marketing in va rious sections as well as in the whole of the United States. During this period we have had an increase of almost b per cent in the total number Of swine on farms In spite of that general increase in numbers, according to government es- inmates, 12 states have had decreases in the swine population for one reason or another They are Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas Nebraska, North Dakota, Idaho, Oregon, North Carolina, Michigan. Mon tana, Wyoming and Rhode Island. The majority of these states are outside or the corn belt. However the states which have shown greatest proportional increases during the same identical period occupy somewhat similar geographical position. Arizona has shown the greatest percent age increase, having 45 per cent more swine January 1, 1919. than January l, 1916 Mississippi, Connecticut and Florida show over 40 per cent increase eacn, whiie Massachusetts and Georgia have added to their numbers almost one-third more than they had three years ago.
 IOWA LEADS
 Tn point of numbers, Iowa has had greater increase than any other state, having added nearly 100000 head to It's already tremendous lead over the other stat tes; Illinois, standing second in total numbers, stands second in point of total increase during the past three years With an added million and a quarter, and Min nesota ranks third in increase with slight ly over a million head more than were on farms January l, 19l6. SIX states each show an increase of over half million head during a corresponding period--Geor- gia, Mississippi. Indiana, Ohio, Florida and Alabama.
 The combined receipts at the il leading markets during 1918 were larger than dur- ing any preceding year; hence 1t seems that no tardiness in marketing has erect cd the numbers of hogs on farms the nrst of the present year. However, market ing was nearly 20 per cent less in 1917 than in 1918, due partially to the soft corn condition prevailing in the fall or lsii' and inc governments call for heavier hogs which somewhat retarded the marKetlns in the fall of 1917 and increased the re- ceipts in the early months of 1918. Durlns the past season the receipts at the .il ii principal markets was nearly a'Wu,VoV head. or almost one-half of the number estimated on farms the first of the year. The receipts at markets in lsl6 were larger than any previous year ana almost equaled those of 1918.
 Of marked importance in considering
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
Sweet Potato Storage

This will be a big year in sweet potato stora ge-house construction in the south, according to specialist of the United States Department of Agriculture, who re- gently made an inspection of storage houses in Louisiana erected in the fall of 1918. The success of these houses is remarkable, he reports, when the adverse conditions under which the crop was harvested are considered. Records kept by several growers show loss from rot as low as 1 per cent. Plans have al ready been made for erection this season in Louisiana of eight storage houses with an average capacity of 10000 bushels. A Georgia company is operating storage houses with an aggregate capacity or more than 125,0 900 bushels These houses, which have been in successful operation for several years. were erected accord ing to plans furnished by the bureau of markets.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
Some Corn Statistics

Merchantable corn was SPA per cent of tbe entire crop during the last Sb years
 th. nercentage has been a declining one. In 1ssS-1s97 the mean was $40 per cent: in 1ssS- 1907, SS.4 per cent ana III 1aos-1s17 SOP per cent The standard c1 appears to be rising. Tne fraction for 1918 was S2.5 per cent, of almost the mean for SS years, but above +he mean for the preceding 10 years The highest fraction in 36 years was ss.l per cent in 1906, and the lowest 60 per cent in 1917.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
An Appeal To Parents

Your children are all entitled to receive kindergarten education, but sufficient kindergartens have been established for dren.
 In many communities the parents have secured a kindergarten by presenting a petition to their school authorities.
 The bureau of education will gladly fur nish. upon request, blank petitions and propaganda leaflets.
 Bessie Locke. director of kindergarten extension, United States Bureau of Edu-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
A Heavy Loss

Estimates arrived at by the plant dis ease survey show that during 191S 60 per cent of the sweet potato crop in the state of Alabama was lost by field dis eases and rot in storage, amounting to a loss of $S,946 600. Surely, we cannot af- ford to suffer this great loss from year to year. Our better business judgment will prevail against such waste. In fact, already many potato storage houses have been erected in the state and many more will be built during the next twelve months. Think of it! In some sections where potato storage plants have been built, the bankers are lending money on the warehouse receipts for potatoes stored the same as cotton Doesn't that look worth while in the state, where We have lost millions every year, due to rot, disease and neglect?
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29

irg; assist their members in marketing dairy stock and dairy products; fight the conta agious diseases of cattle; and in many other ways help in putting the dairy business of their communities on a more profitable basis.
 The typical co-operat. ve bull associa- tion is composed of from 10 to 50 farm CTS living in the same county. These farmers jointly purchase five bulls. The territory covered by the members is di- vided into five breeding blocks, and a bull is assigned to each block. The bull is kept on farm conveniently located.
 BULLS USEFUL TEN YEARS
 To prevent inbreeding, bulls are in bulls can thus be used for 10 years in one association. This gives plenty of time to determine bulls real value, and to select the offspring of the best bulls for breeding purposes.
 Thus, at small cost, pure-bred bull for every 90 to 80 cows is provided for 10 years The only cost, after the bulls are paid for, is the cost of keeping the bulls.
 The purchase price and the expense of keeping the bulls are distributed among the members of the association accord ing to the number of cows owned by each. It is easily seen what an assessment of s10 per COW (amounting to $1 year for 10 years) will do in providing good bulls. Such bulls build, up his dairy herd and increase the production of milk without increasing his expense. Farmers belong ing to bull associations, when questioned regarding the value of these societies, es- timated that the use of bulls belonging 10 the organization increased the value of the offspring in the first generation from 30 to 80 per cent, with an average of 65 per cent.
 A good bulls influence on the herd will be noticeable for many generations. Like wise, the damage done by an inferior bull will be equally great No other argu- ment should be. necessary to convince every owner of dairy cows that he should join a bull association.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29

Scarcely a day passes that inaulrles are not received relative to the peanut m dustry in the south. It. is strange, m deed that the southern farmers have so long overlooked the real value or the peanut as a part of their cropping sys- tenn and that the present high marke' prices of peanuts were necessary to avn
 p e,, tha farmers to their opportunity. Nothing has been found that will excel the true Spanish variety for general cui- tivation on southern farms. Great dllIi- culty exists, however, in procuring pure seed. The only way that the farmers oi the south can be sure Of nign-pro-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
Start Elm Rolling

May and June throughout the cotton states are the farmers busy time. All the early planted crops must be ire quently cultivated in May and a number of the minor. but important, food crops should be seeded during this month to get best results. Peanuts, sweet potatoes. sorghum, cowpeas, soy beans and velvet beans usually do best when seeded at this time in practncally every section of the south.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
Now Is the Time to Buy a Farm
 in the Good Old U. 5. A

Although the war is over. the de- mand for food continues. The busl- I1taaso ness of producing things to eat. therefore, gives promise of paying satisfactory dividends.
 The U. s. RAILROAD ADM!NISTRA- TTON offers the cooperation of its HoMESEEKERS BUREAU to those who wish to engage in the farming, stock raising, dairying, poultry rais- suits. Free information will be fur nisbed about farm opportunities in any state, on request ; Write today. Give me the name of of about; say what line of farm activity YOU wish to follow. and the. number of acres you will need; and let me know what kind of terms you desire. The more particulars you can send regarding your requirements, the better I can serve you.
 NOTHING TO SELL
 ONLY INFORMATION TO GIVE
 J.. l.. EDWARDS. Manager Horticultural Section. U. S. Railroad
 Administration. Room 11O1. Wash
 ingtOn, ID. c.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
WHITE LEGHORNS

out of 250-egg hens the best I ever owned; price 35c each. Mrs. John c. Moses, S135 1st ave. opposite park
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29

Practically all of the 23,000,000 dairy cows in the United States can be bred to pure bred sires at less cost than grade bulls are costing their owners at present, de- clare specialists in the United States Department of Agriculture. Not only that, but the amount of dairy products can in a few years be greatly increased without increasing the number of dairy cows or the cost of production. How can this be done? Simply by discardng all grade and scrub bulls and breeding dairy COWS to nothing but good pure-bred sires with ancestors possessing high-produc- ton records.
 "But I can't afford to own pure bred bull, says MT. Average Farmer. q keep only six cows. There isn't a pure bred bull within 10 miles of my farm. I can't afford either the time or the money to take my cows to the only available pure-bred bull near me. So how can I hope ever to improve my dairy cattle and increase the production of milk without increasing the number of COWS I keep?"
 The community bull association is the answer to MT Average Farmers ques- ton. While few farmers can afford to own and use a 5000 bull, any farmer can afford to own a share in one, even II he owns only four or five COWS. By be- longing to bull association every farm er can use good, pure bred bulls no mat ter what size his dairy herd. In fact, it is less expensive than using scrub hill
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29

eggs where they are randled. sorted to
 weight (about 24 ounces to the dozen), packed in cartons and shipped on contract orders. All eggs are guaranteed to be according to grade. The association ad- vertises the fancy grades on their car | tens and cases and market prices are paid | to the members. Twice year dividends 1 are paid each member in proportion to i the amount of eggs marketed through the | association and the time of year the eggs were brought in, larger dividend being 1 paid a dozen for eggs marketed in the fall and winter than for those delivered in the spring and summer. regular trade is established with discriminating l co sumers, with city clubs, with the pest class of hotels and restaurants and with %ncy grocers for a supply each day or week. The reputation thus established enabled this association to obtain price several cents a dozen above the reg
 ular market quotations, as fancy trade is willing to pay a premium for guar anteed article. Most egg circles also CO., operate in buying their chicken feed and
 other poultry supplies.
 PACKAGE ATTRACTS PUBLIC All food products should be delivered in clean, attractive packages. Some of the
 most successful egg shippers have dis carded the dirty wooden case and are using a heavy fiber board case, Whlch will hold from 15 to 30 pasteboard car tons. Each carton has compartments for 12 eggs Upon both the cartons and the case can be printed such advertising as
 may be wished. This style of package IS
 especially desirable for the fancy retail
 grocer who can have his firm name in-
 cluded in the advertising. The fiber board
 case is not expensive, forms good pro
 lection for the eggs in shipping, and IS
 worthy of trial With firm contalner,
 marcel post can be used for small snip
 ments to private homes within the hrst
 and second postal zones; that is, l5o miles,
 Each egg should be wrapped in paper to
 hold it snugly on end and in it's own ln-
 dividual compartment of the contalner.
 an6 after the container is closed it should
 be securely wrapped in strong wrapping
 naper and tied with coarse, strong cord.
 When there is a successful creamery es-
 tablished in the country neighborhood,
 eggs can be delivered to it with the cream
 or milk. Creamery officials can often
 work up fancy trade among their butter customers.
 Farmers desiring to organize a com rornity egg circle should correspond With the IJnitetd States Bureau of Markets,
 Washington, D. C., which will supply
 tfcm with detailed information regaraing
 it's organization operation and manage
 ment
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
SUCCESSFUL BREEDING

The dairy division of the Unitetd States Department of Agriculture started or ganizing bull associations four years ago. There are now 55 such associations successfully operating in a states. Pro gressive farmers are quick to see the ad- vantages of the plan once it is explained to them. It is simply an organization of farmers for the joint ownership, use and exchange of high-class pure e-ored bulls.
 full selection of cows and calves; intro duce better methods of feeding and hous-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29
Live Stock Secretaries

Alabama Live Stock association, c. s. Ternpleton, Auburn.
 Alabama Aberdeen-Angus Breeders as- sociation, Francis Coleman, Suggsville.
 Alabama Hereford Cattle Breeders as- sociation, R. J. Goode, Gastonburg.
 Southern Shorthorn Breeders assocla- ton, Thornton J. Wood, Troy.
 Alabama Swine Growers and Marketing association, L. T. Wells, Auburn. |, Alabama Duroc association, J. E.. Dun away Orrville.
 Alabama Hampshire association, MT Brosus, care Raul Lumber company, Tuscaloosa.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-29

Judges of the federal courts, including the United States supreme court, are ap- pointed by the President, but the appoint ment must be approved by the Senate. A judge of a state court is appointed oy the governors in some states. in others elected by the people,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-04-23
HAVE HARD TIME.

Jaurez, Mex, April 23.-American
soldiers in France who rode in stock
cars marked for 80 men or Is horses
had the best Of it compared to the
Mexican federal soldier when travel
ing on troop trains. Cavalry horses
are given the preference over the SOL
,diers who are forced to ride on top
of the stock cars with their families
.huddled under crudely improvised
tents made from scraps Of canvas or
pieces Of tin. The usual way Of load
ing troop trains is to put the horses
in the cars. the soldiers and their
families on top and the impedimenta
under the a strapped to the brace
rods. Women and children even ride
under the cars on these brace rods.
The makeup Of a ! Mexican troop
train Is: Locomotive. tender, armored
cars with machine guns, stock cars
with soldiers their families and cav
alryshorses: fiat car with a steel turret
containing a revolving mountain gun,
caboossSfor. the use OF the train crew.
prdvatesscars for the staff officers Nand
the private car Of the commanding
general at the rear. end. r.