davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
EARLY RATIFICATION
BY ITALY EXPECTED
Action by Three Powers viii
Start League Going.

WASHINGTON, Oct. with the pros
pect that Italy will ratify the peace
treaty by royal decree soon and thus eff
feet ratification by three Powers, Ad-
ministration officials here look to see the
League Of Nations a going concern
within the next month, although the
treaty may not be ratified by the United
States Senate within that time
Great Britain already has ratified. the
French Chamber of Deputies has rati-
fed. and official advices here say the
French Senate will act within few
days. With Italy these will make the
three nations which 1t is stipulated must
ratify before the treaty becomes effec-
tive between them and Germany.
One of the treatys provisions compels
the Saar Basin Commission to begin
functioning within two weeks after rati-
fication, and this is expected to start
the league on its career. Much pre-
liminary organization work already has
been done in London by Sir Eric Drum
mond, Secretary-General, and the or
ganlzation committee. Of which Col. f.
NJ. House is an American member. The
sudden departure OF Col. House for the
United States is thought here TO have
some connection with the developments
The plan at present looks to the meet
Ing perhaps in London or Paris at first,
of the council of the league. leaving the
meeting of the assembly to follow within
a reasonable period of time. for the first
named body under the terms of the
covenant is fully empowered to deal with
the Saar Basin and other urgent mat
ters
1t also is necessary to allow the neu-
trail States sixty days after the ratifica-
ton of the peace treaty by the principal
Powers within which to adhere to the
covenant and nominate their represent
atives in the assembly, which would
bring the date for the initial meeting OF
the latter body early next year and per-
NIT carrying out of the original plan of
having the first meeting of the full as
sembly take place in Washington upon
call Of President Wilson.
Meanwhile the council will be in op-
Grafton and the rest of the machinery
of the League of Nations will b.gin to
function in accordance with the plans
prepared by that select body as rapidly
as 1t is needed to give effect to it's de-
cisions
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
$50 IN ONE DAY SEEK
DIVORCE IN MISSOURI
Kansas City Court Room I'm
equal to the Crush.
Special Despatch to THE suv.

KANSAS CITY, Oct. 6.-This was Jack
son county's greatest divorce day. Three
hundred and fifty dlsillusioned, discon-
tented persons sought release from the
marriage bond Hundreds surged about
the elevator doors. but majority, tired
OF waiting, trooped up the stairs to the
FOURTH floor courtroom1. while lawyers
fought for places.
1T is matrimonial emancipation day."
said one attorney. Outside, the four
blocks facing the courthouse presented
double square of motor car They
were default cases exclusively and
sought In eight of ten instances by
wives. Only few men were there aside
from the lawyers
Women with furs and sable and mink
rubbed elbows with women in Bingham
and shiny, worn serge. Some of the
latter were accompanied by children
conspicuously few.
The cases range from mere incom-
patability to charges of unfaithfulness
Missourfs divorce laws are blamed for
the number of divorces in this county
The National Bar Association mentioned
Missouris divorce procedure at re-
cent meeting and suggested the unifca-
ton of all divorce laws under national
law. =
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07

piness unalloyed by ambitions as to self
determination until President Wilson had
enunciated elf-determination for all ma
lions.
AS soon as this was announced every
nation which had reached a stage where
the breech clout and the machine gun
might measure its civilization wanted to
be free forthwith" said the Senator.
Egypt, prosperous to a degree In
dreamed of since the days of the
Ptolemye, famed with instruction and
national spirit awoke which has dis
closed itself in many manifestations OF
disorder and in a frank demand for
recognition In the formation OF the
League of Nations
Mr.. Mccormick made it clear that in
his view the British Government had
rushed through the Persian treaty with
no other aim than the aggregation of
this additional. power in the league,
particularly in view of the fact that
subsequent to the formation of the
league such benevolent assimilation as
that accomplished in the case of Egypt
will be precluded from repetition.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
TWO PHILADELPHIA
GIRLS ARE KILLED
Train Hits Automobile of So.
ciety Young Women.
Special Despatch to TIE Sun.

PHILADELPHIA. Oct 6. - Miss Eliza
beth d. Lockwood Of Chestnut Hill and
Miss Julia b. Lear of Germantown were
killed at Oreland station this afternoon
when the automobile In which they were
riding was struck by a Reading Railroad
express train.
Oreland station, where the accident
occurred, Is between Jenkintown and
Amber. After waiting for a freight
train to pass. the automobile started to
cross the tracks and was struck by the
express train which leaves Philadelphia
at 80 o'clock.
The two young women were we'll
known in society. Miss Lockwood was
the daughter of Mrs. Charles l.. Lock-
wood of 1911 st. Martins lane, who was,
before her marriage, Miss Charlotte
Wheeler. The town house of the family
liz 1903 Locust street. Miss Lear had
been living at the School Lane apart
ments, Germantown.
Miss Lear, who was %, was the
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Lear
of the School Lane Apartments.
The automobile in which they were
riding was utterly demolished. Both
girls were killed instantly.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07

coins were made of silver. There
were no copper coins, and few
gold coins. Shakespeare, then,
would rarely see any except sill
yer coins. When Bassanio was
making his choice of the caskets
he passed over the silver one, adj
dressing the metal in scorn, as:
Thou pale and common drudge
tween man and man."
This is the exact economic
truth; money is a drudge tween
man and man. A drudge that
does a certain work-namely,
that of passing goods from one
man to another. Money is SIM
ply a tool to move commodi-
ties with. It performs exactly
the same g * as a wagon; and
just as it would be senseless for
a nation to accumulate unneces-
sary wagons, so it is useless for
a nation to accumulate unneces-
sary coins.
Money is a Tool.
In explaining the functions of
capital we have already observed
that tools form a main element
of capital, and that the inven-
ton of rough tools first started
primitive man on the road of eco
nomic development. Amongst the
most important of these early
tools was money. Abraham paid
for the cave and field of Mac
phelah with flour hundred shek-
els of silver, current money with
the merchants" SO that in the
dawn of written history money
was in full use, and was made,
too, of the metal that formed the
standard money Of England till
1916, and of all other leading ma
tons until only a few years ago.
1t is probable that coins began
as decorations for the body, the
need for decoration being prob
ably as urgent with primitive
man as it is with naked savages
and wealthy ladies to-day. The
earliest known European coins
are simply rings of bronze.
How important tool money is
appears on a moments reflection.
The only alternative to its use
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
BONDS TO BUY U. S. SUPPLIES.
French Chamber Gets Bill to
Ratify s4OO,OOO,OOo Purchases.

PARIS. Oct. 6.-The contract for the
purchase of American army supplies in
France has moved the budget committee
of the Chamber of Deputies to protest
that Parliament's financial rights have
been disregarded as the expenditure of
SdOO, 100000 has been agreed to without
previous Parliamentary authorization.
AS a result of the protest, the Govern
ment has introduced bill for ratifica-
ton of the contract specifying that the
$500, 100000 shall be represented by
bonds dated August 1, 1919, and bearing
interest at per cent. from August, 1920.
They would mature in ten years, inter-
est and capital being payable in dollars.
The budget committee has approved the
bill, but demands that the first interest
coupon be paid in February. 1921, so
that the budgets of 1919 and 1920 will
not be called upon to support any bur-
den.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
SCHOOLBOY DRILL BEGINS.
Pupils to Report at Armories for
Weekly Instruction.

The law providing military training
for New York State schoolboys between
the ages of 16 and 10 went into effect
yesterday. They are required to report
at National Guard armory and drill
for an hour and half each week under
instructors of the State Military Train
ing Commission The State has been
divided into six zones. Nearly 200,O
are affected by the law.
The New York city zone, which ex-
tends as far north as Peekskill. includes
1880 boys. The Long Island zone,
which includes Brooklyn and Queens, has
50,574. Brighten. William H. Chaplin
is the chief supervising officer for the
entire State. The New. York zone is
commanded by Major J. Wesley Lyon.
and the Long Island zone by Major e
w. Dayton. Boys who have left school
and are employed also will receive mill
tary training but that will not be at
tempted this year.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07

Remember, in Rostand's
play, Chantecler, the old
rooster who firmly believed
that the sun rose in answer
to his Growing!
A pheasant hen with whom
he elopes robs him of his
ego and he returns crest
fallen to the barnyard.
The curtain goes down with
the old farmer appearing with
an axe-showing man looks
TO the barnyard ac- ore of
MS most delicious foods.
At CHILDS all chicken
dishes are made from fresh
from-the-country fowl.
Golden brown chicken
crouuette with cream
sauce and potatoes.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
ENTIRE FAMILY JAILED.
All Are Found Guilty OF Receiving
Stolen Bonds.

William Honeyman. AZ. an express
man of SIS West Fifty-third street, his
wife Minnie. who is 3S. and his 17-year-
old son, John, were sentenced yesterday
by Judge Wadhams in General Sessions
to prison terms.
The husband and father had pleaded
guilty to an Indictment charging him
with having criminally received $1,000
worth of bonds stolen from the Bonfort
Publishing Company OF 20 Broadway on
April IL. He was sent to the peniten-
tiary for from six months to three
years. A similar sentence was given to
Honeyman's wife. She had admitted
having, in completely with her son,
criminally received on April IA a stolen
s per cent bond of the Kansas City
Light & Power Company worth 500
Young Honeyman was sent by Judge
wadhams to the New York City Re-
formatory.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
III.-What is money?

So far, in these short studies,
little attention has been paid to
what may well seem to some the
very first subject which de-
manded our attention. The one
thing we must all have is money,
because all the goods and serv-
ices with which we satisfy our
wants are purchased with money.
What is first in Importance in
economic life would seem to be
first in Importance in economic
science. Yet we have left it
aside, deliberately and of set
purpose, for later treatment, and
the fact that we are able to do
so without losing grip of reality
indicates the fact that money, i'm
portant as 1t is, is not the all
important thing.
Suppose a community in some
isolated Utopia, with social sys-
tenn like our own in every respect
save this: That it is a closed
economy, doing no foreign trade,
having, indeed, no communica-
tions with the outer world. Now,
if by some miracle every Utopian
woke up one morning to find that
every coin he possessed had, dur
ing the night, turned into two
coins, it is quite clear that no
body would be any better off.
Nobody can eat, drink, or wear
coins. But, if instead of every
coin turning into two coins, every
loaf had turned into two loaves,
every gallon of milk into two gal
Ions, every yard of cloth into two
yards, the Utopians would indeed
be economically blessed among
men.
In our own case, to be sure, inn
portant alterations from this sup
posed case arise, first from our
trade with other countries, and
secondly, from the fact that when
the stock of money is increasing,
our individual shares of it do not
increase in the same ratio, mat
ter to which we will return later.
What, then, is money? Shake
speare, as usual, tells us the exact
truth in the fittest possible words.
In his day English standard
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
Here is the situation as given out at
strike headquarters:


sillon. Lorain, New Philadelphia, Struth-
ers, Sharon. Canton, Farrell, Alliance,
Butler, September 22, $4,000 men out {;
October 6. 10000.
New Castle Wheeling District-Sep-
TENDER 20, $4,000; October 6. 1860.
Cleveland Observation-Disclosures %, 25,-
900: October 6, $4,000.
acknowledgements 22, 1900; Oc-
tober 6. $4,000.
Chicago District-Gary. South Chicago,
Indiana Harbor. East Chicago. Sterling,
Hammond, Evanston, Waukegan, Mil
waukee, De Kalb, Joliet, September %,
20, 900; October 6, 10000.
Buffalo Observation-Disclosures %. a.
900 October 6, $4,000.
Pueblo-September 22, 5000; October
6, $500.
Bethlehem Give plants) 6,
20, 900; increase, 10000.
Totals-September 22, $4,000; Octo-
Der 6, $4,000; increase, $500.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07

cleaned UP. We started up our No.
Dlast furnace there at p. NJ. With
the lighting of this furnace the entire
plant is put into complete operation.
AT Homestead more than 100 strik-
ers returned to work to-day. The ton
mage report of course is still gaining and
VIII continue to do so with the prog
ress we are making. The Edgar Thorn
son works, too, reports tonight an ac-
cession of men almost as great as at
Homestead. Farrell has full crews on
all mills. All other plants report that
more men were taken on. Altogether
we are more than satisfied with present
conditions"
Bulletins Attack Gary.
The strikers issued this bulletin to-
day. printed in English and three SOUTH
eastern Europe languages:
Mr.. Gary. head of the Steel Trust.
told the United States Senate commit
tee that he would refuse to meet the
union representatives of the steel work.
ers In his plant. He told the Senate
committee three times that he would
not arbitrate the strike. John Fitz-
patrick, the chairman of the National
Steel Workers Committee, told the
Senate that the workers were willing to
arbitrate. So, you see, the strikers are
willing to leave the decision to any fair
person, but Mr.. Gary is determined to
settle II himself"
1t adds that the men are demanding
only the right to collective bargaining
asking that their chosen and expert
representa- tive be allowed to submit their
demands rather than that an individual
In plant being called upon to submit
them and thus earn the punishment of
dismissal The bulletin promises to-
morrow - compare wages outside the
steel plants with those the steel workers
are receiving to the discredit of the
latter
At Clarion tonight w. A. Rubin Of
New York. in general charge of legal
matters in the strike. tested his right to
confer with 100 of his clients arrested
there. Permission was given for the
gathering. with State and local police
in attendance. He found that many of
the men had been arrested for carrying
revolvers.
Reports From Strike Leaders.
The committees summary as received
by signal kilograms from representa-
tives to-day was as follows:
"Steelton. Pa.--About 1000 employed
before strike 5 per cent. went out first
layers went out Saturday. J. w. Brown"
Pueblo, Col.-Six thousand four
hundred men walked out September % /;
mill was shut down and Is down now
Every kind of pressure or propaganda
has been and is being used to weaken
morale Of men. but they are standing
firm. Up to now no attempt has been
made to start mill. w. II. Young"
Youngstown, Ohio-Absolutely moth
ing doing here In any mill. Furnaces
In two mills reported as caved in, hav-
ing gone cold. S. II. Hammersrnack "
Wheeling, w. Va.-Fifteen 10 sixteen
thousand struck first day. Now 1860
out. Independents with $500 operating
under agreement. ]. NJ. Peters"
Bethlehem, Pa.-Big meeting here
to-day. Regardless of newspaper re-
ports the strike here is still on, with
thousands of organized men away from
Plants You can depend upon US stay
ing until the big finish. Dave Williams"
Strikers mary of situation.
Here Is the situation as given out at
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
BETHLEHEM RAIL STRIKE SET.
Shipments VIII suffer IL Transport
tntiOn Men Go Out.
Special Despatch to The sui

Special DeSpatch 70 The Sun.
BETHLEHEM, Pa. Oct. 6.-The walkout
OF the employees OF the Philadelphia.
Bethlehem and New England Railroad,
subsidiary of the Bethlehem Steel
Company. Is scheduled for tomorrow,
according to an announcement here to-
day. II this takes place the movement
of material in and out of the plant may
be affected
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
M'CUMBER INSISTS
6VOTES EQUAL ONE
Continued from First Page.

consists of nne nations, has but one
vote in such council; that as neither
Canada nor any other British dominion
or possession has a separate member
ship in such council of course neither
could have vote therein.
Seventh. that II the investigation of
the facts concerning the dispute should
be transferred to the assembly then Cam
ada, Australia and other British do
minlons would still have no vote II either
the British Empire or any one of its
constituent parts was party to the
controversy.
Eighth. Here is the only kind of
case in which Canada or other self
governing dominion of the British EN-
pire would be entitled to a vote II the
case is transferred from the council to
the assembly and IL neither the British
Empire nor any one of its dominions or
possessions Is party to the dispute,
as for instance, IL the dispute were be-
tween Serbia and Rumania, then Cam
ada and these other self-governing
dominions mentioned could vote. not in
settlement of the dispute, but on the
question of what are the true facts
bearing on the dispute and also on what
should be recommended to the dispu-
tants as a basis of settlement of the
dispute"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07

is the direct barter of goods for
goods. The carpenter has made
a table and wants bread. He can
not find a baker who wants a
table, and if he could, mis- table
would be worth so many loaves
that most of them would be use
less before he could eat them.
The time and inconvenience saved
by the use Of the tool, money, are
inconceivably great.
Face Value.
But just as there are knives
that will not cut and carts that
break down under quite a mod
crate load, so there may be speci-
mems of the tool, money, that will
not do their work we'll. Any
thing can be money that will do
the money work, and a curious
assortment of things have been
used as money at one time or an
other-blocks of salt, cubes of
pressed tea, bales of tobacco, bull
let's, shells, and so on. What is
the essential thing about money?
Simply ready acceptability by
every one to whom it is offered.
The writer once put a sovereign
and a pound weight in a bowl
of mercury to explain to a child
the principle of flotation, and
then tried in vain for days to get
Shop-keepers to take the sover-
eign because the mercury had
given it a silvery appearance.
Finally a friendly bank manager
accepted it, after weighing it
against a sovereign from his till
to make sure! For this reason
the making of coins has for many
centuries been taken over by the
State, though it is quite recent
thing, comparatively, for the
State to do the work with ALSO
lutte accuracy and honesty.
Every piece of money bears its
value stamped or printed on it
its "face value" as it is called.
Whatever thing is universally ac-
cepted by a people in exchange
for goods is money with that
people. If it is universally ac-
cepted at its face value it is
good money.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07

Senator Mccormick (Ill.) later ad-
dressed the Senate In explanation of
resolution he had introduced calling on
the State Department for the facts re-
garding the recent treaty between Great
Britain and Persia. Repeatedly 1t had
been asserted in the debate on the ques-
ton of the predominance of British
votes over the vote of the United States
in the assembly of the League of Ma
lions that the Persian vote would he
British controlled and therefore add one
more to the group OF the empire which
might at any time be cast as unit.
Senator Mccormick endeavored to show
through production of statements by
Lord Curzon and Cecil Harmsworth that
the British dominance over Persia was
practically the same as that which she
had exercised since 1882 over the des-
TIMES Of Egypt Egypt, Senator Nc
Cormick pointed out, had got along very
well under British protection and was
advancing in comparative national hap
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-07
$4,000 STILL0UT,
SAY STEEL STRIKERS
Pittsburg Headquarters Gives
Its Figures on Men Who
Quit Various Mills.
MORE PLANTS STARTED
Nothing Like o General Re-
sumption in the Industry
Is Reported
MORE PLANTS STARTED
,, q STAFF corespondent o, TIE Sun,

PrTTsBURG, Oct. 6.-Anything like a
general resumption Of steel making in
the Pittsbuqg district or elsewhere failed
to materialize to-day. An official of
the Carnegie Steel Company commented
uron the situation in a manner which
was optimistic in general terms, but
presented no specific details of impor-
lance.
The Office of William e. Foster. in
charge of the strike here, made public
a statement in which the number of men
on strike in each locality was restated,
with an indication of the gains, $4,000
men, the strikers say have been made
since the walkout was called. The grand
total on strike is given at $4,000.
careful study of figures available
from Independent sources as well as
from the companies and the strikers
leads to the conclusion that the industry
is still substantially crippled: that the
ranks of the strikers are holding firm !;
that such accessions to the personnel of
furnaces and mills as have been claimed
during the last two weeks have come
from floating sources that all the plants
are seriously short of the common labor
without which they cannot continue to
operate successfully, and that the pro-
duction of Steel already cut well in half,
may be further reduced this week.
The strikers are using to the limit in
their arguments this week the issue Of
"Garyism." the refusal of Judge Gary to
treat with them upon any terms. The
argument has been given fresh strength
by Judge Gary's persistence in his atti-
tude Of refusal before the Senate COM
mittee.
Such detailed reports Of assumptions
as came into Pittsburg to-day were from
small plants as a rule. However, the
steel company officers believe that they
are slowly gaining in this warfare of
attrition, and showed no willingness to
think of any sort of compromise to-day
The strikers were equally firm in the
belief that their ranks were holding in
tact and that the steel industry cannot
return to normal without them.