davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1919-03-03

The funeral services Of Robert L.
Ohler wero held this afternoon from the
SHAPED Of Webb 8 Clough. Inc body
will be taken to Kansas for burial.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
Storage Houses

State Horticulturst George c. Starcher has recently returned from trip to Troy. where upon invitation of the newly or ganized Chamber of Commerce, he went to confer upon the proper structures for housing sweet potatoes. This crop and it's proper storage was given much atten- ton at the recent meeting in Birming- ham of the horticulturists and patholo- gists from 13 southern states.
 But a few brief years ago the sweet potato was modestly marketed from the one-horse farm wagon, along with the Saturday surplus of eggs, butter and other perishable products. During the winter season it was "banked' in crude piles of dirt in open fields, in the hope of ex- tending somewhat it's period of useful- ness.
 In the last decade, however, the sweet potato has come into it's own, has in- creased in value over 80 per cent, ranks second in value in the list of farm vege- tables in the United States and moves to the waiting markets of the north and east in solid car and trainloads Alabama's crop last year was valued at SIS, 900. And so now houses of special design and artful construction are being devised to ! protect Miss Nancy Hall' and her sweet relatives from indictment weather condi- tiCns.
 In addition to the patented plans of pri- vate business concerns, already being con- sidered, the Troy growers had presented to them the plans of the government for an economically constructed potato house that has proven successful and popular. Mt Starcher also advised that the Ala bama extension service could supply plans for the remodeling of any old farm build
 ing not now in use. It is quite likely all three plans will be in use by the va rious farmers interested.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
What Line Breeding Is

Line breeding means the mating of ani-
 mals that trace back to the same an- cestors, but remotely. This method of
 breeding is advisable, providing the com
 mon ancestors to which they trace back
 are large producers and of good type. If they are not, then line breeding should be avoided. 1 If a person is working to upbuild the production and the type of his herd and he purchases pure-bred sire of good type and coming from large producing ancestors, such a sire can be used in the herd for about three years, or long enough for him to produce three crops of calves. Now if this same sire was mated to his
 own daughters, that would be nbreeding
 and to close inbreeding. The bull should then be sold and another purchased with | the same strain of blood as the first one I did The calves that result from the sec- ond sire would have their blood reinforced along the same line the breeder originally 1 had in mind.
 ! Now if the first sire proved to be . good. one-that is, his daughters wer6
 large producers and good appearing anil
 mals-then that first sire may be re- placed in the same herd and the daughters l of the second sire mated back to him. ' This would be a system of line breeding
 that eventually would work out to the
 |breeders benefit. This is system of
 ever consistent.
 Ii Continuous outcrossing or bringing in
 new strains of blood, even though in the T same breed, is not advisable. It is a l lqrestion of studying the strain within ! a breed and following that good strain rather than to just select animals within a breed.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
Money in Raising Rabbits

A great many farm boys and girls throughout the country are today making handsome profits raising rabbits for mar ket When properly managed it costs only about g cents to raise a rabbit to the age of months. and at that pme it can be marketed at 35 or 40 cents pound, while the pelt will bring from 15 to 75 cents. depending on the kind of rabbit and it's size.
 A great many boys and girls make ncney raising poultry. but if properly handled. rabbits will usually prove more profitable as they are very hardy ana require no expensive feed.
 In some places the demand for rabbit meat exceeds the supply. Many hotels and restaurants serve rabbit regularly, the same as they do chicken. and are good buyers. Any boy or girl who raises enough rabbits to insure steady supply can almost invariably find @ satisfac- tory market for their product. .,-.-l
 The states relations service, the bureau
 of biological survey and the bureau or markets of the United States Department of Agriculture are all interested in tssi ir dustry and valuable information can be obtained from those organizations by any one who will write and ask for it.
 Like any other live stock. it pays to raise a good breed, and care should be exercised in this respect. Most of the people engaged in the business seem to prefer Belgian hares as they are large, very prolific and grow rapidly. In near ly every community there wil be an op- pcrtunity to buy suitable stock for breed ing purposes from someone who Is all ready engaged in the business, but before buying 1t will be well to look over as many hutches a possible and select hreedind stock 1rqn tho Qae which ap1 po6f1 t6sbe tho bal !, < A-s Ssr
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
{ Care of Pigs

The fastest and cheapest gains by pigs narily it will pay to keep the small pig growing as rapidly as possible. The SOW should, of course, get some good milk producing feed, and she should be fed to her full capacity as soon as the pigs are old enough to take all the milk she will give. It will not pay to limit the feed at this time, according to l.. A. Weaver of the Missouri University Col lege of Agriculture, since the pigs make the most economical gains from feed fed tiAough the SOW. When the pigs are about a month old. they will be able to use more feed than that obtained from the sow. even though the SOW is properly fed and good milker.
 As soon as the pigs will eat, which is usually at four or five weeks of age, they should be fed separately from their dam. They should have access to small pen where the SOW cannot go to receive their feed Skim milk fed in shallow pan is very good for them. The pigs may also be taught to run. into the creep for feed by allowing them some shelled or ear corn. AS soon as they begin to ! eat we'll, a slop made of milk, some shorts AiFd-a little bran, fed along with the corn, will make nation which with proper exercise will prevent thumps or SCOUTS
 A good ration for young pigs is made up of 4 parts by weight of corn, parts of shorts, l part of bran and 1 part of tankage As the pigs become older the cora may be gradually increased until the amount has been doubled.
 Tn addition to proper feed. however. the pigs must have plenty of sunshine and exercise. These things cost little to sup ply and are absolutely necessary for best results.s L-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
Pooling With Cows

Southerners have some most picturesque and significant expressions of speech. Without enumerating them, we shall dwell a moment on one such expression which tells in nutshell why there are so T.any unproftable cows in every section of the United States. Ask southern farmer what he i< do- ing and, five chances out of 10, he will say, according to what he is doing, 'Tool- ing with cotton." or "fooling with mules. '' or "fooling with hogs' or "fooling with cows"
 Whether this is because he is more hon. est with himself than the farmer Of the north, east or west or whether this is merely figure of speech is not for ar gUment When he makes the statement he brings one up standing, for in three
 words he tells us what is really wrong. Too many of us are "fooling with ccsvs. " Too few of us are really feeding, breed ing, milking and caring for cows with the earnestness. sincerity and business like application of intelligent methods which are necessary. The farmer of the past could fool and get by. He could not succeed very well, but he could make living and wait for his land to increase in value and thereby have a competence when he | needed it. Very few men in other busi-
 nesses could ever get by. Let the banHer foof with money, the manufacturer "fool' with a factory, merchant fool
 with a store, doctor fool with medi-
 cine, a lawyer 'fool'' with law and when
 the time comes for him to have a com
 potency he will find himself dependent upon his children or upon the state which provides him with pittance in the
 poor house. the asylum or the peniten- | tary. --.s
 l Competition in farming is growing keen
 CT every generation. Today the one who succeeds with any phase of agriculture
 ] must think, read, study and apply his
 best efforts in the most intelligent man.
 ner.
 When we do this with cows, instead of "fooling" with them, the scales and Bab- cock test will tell more favorable story. It will be story for which there can bc but one interpretat etation.-Kimbalfs s Dairy Farmer. ,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
Work Horses Decrease

For the first time in the history of this country the number of work horses on farms shows a decrease. according to the figures given out by the United States Department of Agriculture. This fact should be of interest to all farmers.
 It has been predicted many times in the past that various inventions would do away entirely with the horse. Firw it was the railroad; then the bicycle, trcEey. automobile, motor truck and farm tractor in turn were hailed as the Nemesis of the horse. In spite of all these inven- tions, however, the number of horses con
 tinued to increase, especially on the farms. 1t was not until the world war drove the prices of feeds to such a high level that machines began to thin the ranks of horses.
 For years farmers have raised colts and used them until they were several years old, at which time they would be sofd to city customers. a mature horse usually being preferred for work on hard pave- ments. This procedure has been a profit able one for many farmers in the past, but with the high prices for feed as well as scarcity of labor to attend to horses, the city users have rapidly sub stituted motor trucks for horses during the past two or three years.
 With the city market for mature horses badly curtailed the production of colts has ceased to be as profitable as in the past, and the figures issued by the gov ernment show a decided falling off in the number of colts being raised.
 This changed situation means that farmers must in the future use their horses to a greater age than in the past or else sell them at a heavy sacrifice. The rather common event of a or lO- year-old horse selling in the city market for practically the same price as he would have brought when or , years old will soon be a thing of the past. What this new condition means to the farmer should be obvious Not only is he forced to feed his work stock on much higher priced feed than formerly, but ow ing to the restricted market for his older horses he will receive less efficient labor from his work stock than formerly, be- cause of their higher average age. In spite of all the predictions regard ing the extermination of the horse and this first evidence that his numbers are actually on the decline, there is very lit tie Likelihood that the use of horses will be discontinued entirely for farm work for many years to come, if ever. Nevertheless, the present situation gives the tractor a greater advantage over the hore than it has ever before possessed. and cannot help but increase tremen dously the number of these machines which will be used for farm work.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
Peanuts and Hogs

With sales of peanuts and hogs bringing into local channels over $51, 900 of foreign money" Henry county easily occupied the spotlight of attention on the state ag- ricultural stage last week. The grading and weighing was left entirely to the Alabama extension service by the pur- chasers, and for one solid week w. M. Murphy, county demonstration agent at Abbeville, and M. Fl, Pearson, assistant agriculturist, Auburn, weighed and grad ed the peanuts of each farmer as he came up to unload his product and receive his check. There were 225 tons of White Spanish peanuts-10 carloads in all-the shipment going to shelters for use in the confectionery trade. At 51a and 51s cents per pound. $24,O00 was realized from this source.
 Immediately following, the scales were put to work on hogs, the grading and weighing also being performed by the extension service. One thousand and ninety peanut-fed hogs-11 carloads brought s27,5O0 cash. the top hogs bringing 16A cents per pound net. There are more hogs left in the county still, and an other cooperative sale will be held on April g.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
New Road Work

During the month of March the Secre- tary of Agriculture approved 1o5 federal aid projects, involving the improvement of 114S.93 miles of road, at total esti- mated cost of s14,5 ,667. s. and on which federal aid in the amount of s, ,4S1 ,665. 90 vas requested. This represents the largest total estimated cost and the greatest amount of federal aid requested for projects approved during any month since the passage of the federal aid road act.
 During the month agreements were ex- ecuted by the Secretary and state high way departments to cover fl projects, in- velving 290.S4 miles of road. at total estimated cost of s, 536,sO5S.31, and on which N,472,119.46 federal aid was re- queeted and set aside in the treasury. Agreements for g other projects were placed in process of execution.
 Up to and including March 31, total of e63 projects had been approved, in- volving S96267 miles, total estimated cost of s77S5O. .935.s4 and a total of $29. 70 4a2.6s federal and; and total of 4S4 project agreements had been executed. in- volv1Nn HO67 milea of road. q total esti- mated cost of sat ~ .161. and total q 1z251Glnk0 federi1 ,:. --'zs
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
Pig Club Membership

The boys and girls of the nation re- sponded to the call to speed up work pro duction as war need last year by joiT- ing pig clubs and increasing the mem bership approximately four times that of the preceding year. Last year there were in the northern and western states 23al pig clubs with a total membership of 31 l. 476 boys end girls. Of this number 12,2S4 members prepared written reports of their work. These reports show that 24, ,5m pigs were managed, which produced 4,532, ,OSl pounds of pork having total value of $947, ,570.09, and the total cost of produc- tion $4908Q4.96. Complete reports are not available for the 1918 pig club work i: the southern states, but it is known that IT, 196 boys were members of pig clubs in the south. Plans are now being mads by the club leaders whereby boys and girls in all parts of the country will be given an opportunity to join pig club. Tcfos'e interested should consult the local county agent, write to the state club leader or the United States Department of Az riculture. .s2
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01

A short summary of the information
 submitted to the recent annual meeting
 of the Alabama Live Stock association in
 Selma should prove of interest to those
 who realize that Alabama as a state has fully entered upon live stock farming as
 a definite policy and is destined at no distant date to become a leader in this industry. Probably the most interest was evidenced in the beef cattle section, and the report of Vice President W. G. Hen derson of Montgomery contained such succinct statements as ''The gains last year in the growth of this industry was
 estimated to be 1S3,0D0, the total number of Alabama beef cattle now being S51, 900, with a value of s11 more per head than in l916." "At least 50 per cent of this in- crease in value was due to the service of pure-bred bulls" 'The brightest prospect for the industry lies in the passage of the statewide dipping law, thereby tick erad- ication will become an accomplished fact
 at an early date' "Ten thousand head for feeding were brought in from the drouth-stricken sections of Texas" "Twenty-two hundred carloads were shipped out of Alabama for sale" Cat . tie paper a few years ago had no col-' lateral value; it is now highly esteemed by bankers" Correct feeding is the se-
 cret of success, so keep in touch with the Alabama extension service and the work of the experiment station"
 Dr. R. E. Jackson of the United States department of agriculture said that while there was but little tuberculosis among
 Alabama cattlesT now was the time to ob- literate it entirely. Out of 19;2Co head test
 ed last year only 1894 reacted. Tubercu- losis in native cattle averaged only three ir thousand Fred Jones of Livingston
 emphasized the importance of enforcing
 the 9O-day retest law of Alabama on all
 cattle shipped into the state.
 The feeding of beef cattle was treated
 by Ernest Sibbens of Allenville and K G. Baker, chief cattle specialist indicating the character and quantity of feed found
 most successful in fattening stock, Hon. R. l.. Scale of Sumter county told how best to handle cattle during the winter season-by the right kind of stock to start with and not overstocking your pas ture. He eulogized the merits of black medic clover as a grazing crop.
 'How To Measure the Carrying Capac- ity of Pasture" was the interesting title of an address by R. J. Goode, Jr., of Gas tonburg, who said: "A very little care will Quadruple the carrying capacity of most Alabama pastures We placed 50 head of 4O0 pound cattle on 300 acres of old,s no-account land five years ago. We cut the gum, sassafrRs and other bushes or open places as opportunity offered with our regular help SO they, could be l moved. planting uttle lenpodexe and eop pounds of black medic Later ye
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
Cashing In on Poultry

This is the way poultry extension work, CTS of the United States department oil agriculture helped Butler county, Mis- souri, poultry raiser. He had a flock of 25O birds. From the sale of chickens and eggs he received $149S.9o. Feed and other expenses amounted to $764, leaving total cash gain of $725.S0. To this should be- added the value of 75 hens which he raised on the farm and added to his flock. His
 birds are of the White Leghorn breed, and there are no unprofitable layers among them, all slackers being culled out. This year this enthusiastic poultry raiser intends to cooperate still further with the extension workers, and his poultry plant will be used as a demonstration
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
Good Start in Tick Fight

Cattle dipping in March of this year totaled 1.20s.497. in comparison with SS6. 505 in March. 1918, according to reports from the states infested by the cattle fever tick to the bureau of animal in- dustry. This means the best opening of the dipping season since the fight against the parasite began in 1906, and indicates that a record amount of territory will be cleaned up this year. Dipping vats in operation numbered g, 255. in comparison with 22,S79 at the opening last year, and more canals to prosperity are being built every day. Farmers and the gen. eral public in all infested areas are be- coming fully awake to the menace of the parasite, and conditions are favorable to the effective prosecution of the work. the yenAstp. tsdicate.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
BEEF CATTLE IN ALABAMA

trimmed up the pine thickets and kept sprouts, weeds, etc., cut We now have 200 acres of fine open pasture, from which all brushes and trees have been cut, car rying 150 head of registered cattle. It is moved twice a year and has a spring grazing of bur clover, paspalum and black medic and a summer and fall grazing of Bermuda, lespedeza and medic. The other 1O9 acres is in cultivated crops"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION

Over 90 per cent of the American meat dietary is composed of beef and pork, in almost equal proportions. The exact fig ures as computed for 1918 are: Beef 66. ! pounds; pork, 71.4 pounds; veal 6.9 pounds; mutton and lamb, pounds, and goat, 0.1t pounds-total 150 pounds. Com pared with 1917 the figures just given are, in round figures, 5 pounds more of beef per person, and b pounds more of pork. which makes the total for 1917 less by 70 pounds, or 130 pounds. Lard is additional to these totals, and it's consumption per person is estimated to be 11.5 pounds in 1917 and 14.6 pounds in 191S
 It should be understood that the above quantities are figured from a "dressed'' or butchers meat basis, which includes the bones and butchers waste. They 'in- clude also such parts as are canned and cured, as bacon, hams, canned meats, etc. On the other hand, there are considerable
 quantities of edible meat which are not included in the dressed weights of | the animals, such as the liver, pluck, etc. Allowing the one to offset the other the figures used may be considered as ap- proXimating the actual meat consump- ,, tion. It may also be stated that similar computations are customarily made from this, the dressed weight basis
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
Wind in the Corn

Grace sImogen Gish. in Southern Women's Magazine. Have you ever heard. while the day was
 new, And nights gray shadows were pailins
 to blue. In the misty magical, dewy morn. The wind astr in field of corn? Then you know how it's flutters here and
 there. And now, of a sudden. seems everywhere. And then with low whispering, slips
 away, Past morning glories that nod and sway. And you've felt the breath of tho
 meadows sweet. Where the earth law soft to your eager J feet;t Are there only. breezes that flutter here, Or mischievous fairies a-hovering neari 'Tis the sweetest sound in the world |
 think W That swish as the green glades rise and
 sink At the touch of the breezes-ah, I know They're ghosts of the dreams of long
 ago.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
LIVE STOCK PRODUCTION

, 1918. Thus when the animals are turned into pork and lard We have tota
 production of 11,225, ,6ii 600 pounds in 191s
 as against S,47S, ,2S9, 900 pounds in 1917 ar increase of 2,747, 900 pounds, or g. pei cent, nearly one-third.
 The exports of pork products in 191S were the greatest in the history of the trade, and present some striking figures Total exports of pork and lard amounted to- 2,279, 0So pounds, which was 951, S96,560 pounds, or 71.7 per cent, greater than the quantity sent abroad in 1917. The
 principal items exported in 1918 were
 Bacon, 1,104, 7Ss,0S1 pounds; hams ani
 shoulders, 537 7,213,04 pounds; and lard, I555,- 414 O0n nnnndS
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01

Opium is the dried juice of the white
 popoy. a flower that grows in many parts of Asia A few days after the flowers
 have fallen off the plants men go through the fields in the afternoon and make lit- tile cuts in the poppy head. Out of thess cuts milky juice oozes. which dries into q brown, sticky paste
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-05-01
SMALL MUTTON CONSUMPTION


 A few of the countries for which meat consumption data are available publish sufficient detail to show the quantity consumed of each kind of meat. These figures indicate a wide variation in the consumption of mutton and lamb in the rriLcip meat-consuming countries. They also show that there is room in the United States for great expansion in the consumption of this class of meal. The mutton consumption figures for the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and France, when reduced to percentag ge of total meat consumed, show the British proportion to be much the highest and that of the United States much the low est. Thus, 21.S per cent of the entire British meat ration is mutton; France comes next with Il 4 per cent; Canada has 66 per cent, and the United States s.9 per cent. In other words, of each 30 pounds of meat consumed in the United States only pound is mutton or lamb, This condition has for long time been recognized by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture, and vigorous cam paign is being pushed for the extension of sheep farming for meat as well as wool production.