davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09

ambitions began to soar and unfortunately just as
Lloyd George made impossible promises to the British
electorate in December these extreme ambitions
of the Italians were stimulated by the politicians. No
Italian leader at first get Fiune;
in making the secret London pact. which gave Italy
much of the Adriatc coast they had themselves
agreed that Fiume must reman-as it had always
been-the outlet of the hinerland reaching
to Hungary But with the growth of Italian ambitions
they only Adriatic coast
Fiume-and slice of Asia as we'll
THREE THINGS THEY WANTED.
When the Italians first came 10 the peace conference
there three outstanding things that they
first, prevent a settlement with Germany by the
allies advance of settlement with Austria second.
of realizing their territorial ambitions
and third to secure immediate economic and financial
assistance. They felt that If peace signed
Germany and the armies demobilized. they
a poor chance of realizing their hopes settlement
with Austria Soon after the president returned to
France in March they that they were doomed 10
in this respect and that peace with Germany.
including the establishment of a League Nations
would speedily be made Now, they knew that France
had always been hostile Italian expansion In the
Mediterranean; and the British friendy-and
they were not without warrant in this feeling for they
had in during the last century the weaker
than Of the realistic peace confer
ences Europe, and knew exactly what weak sisters
likely to get
on the very day after the presidents return March
Is, the Italian premier Orlando had conference
and forth clearly his case; Ital-
ians if they not to be accorded settlement with
Austria the time the German treaty made,
at least, before they signed the German treaty or
agreed to a League Nations. know what they
to get in the Adratic-and he put forward the
claim for Fiulne.
SONNINO STRONGER CHARACTER
Throughout the conference the president and Or
lando of high mutual respect and per-
sonal confidence Orlando scholarly gentleman
with the urbanity OF the cultivated southern Italian.
lie progressive in his inclinatons DESTROYS of
helping the president in the main lines Of his policy.
But he not strong man, not dominant figure
either at Rome in Paris 1t difficult for him,
though he premier, to direct his delegation
and at times he said not to be speaking terms
with his foreign minister Sonnino. Sonnno was much
the stronger character; rather cold determined i'm
peralistic diplomat of the old school. He really
not Italian at all. His father Italian Jew his
mother a Scotch a rather lonely man, with
dark immobile face he gave, do not know how
truly the impression Of being saturnine. He
popular Italy years
places once premier; because he was universally
as honest Throughout the confer
he opposed the more moderate Orlando and
for all he could get for Italy.
BY OF April italian feeling a getting
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09
IE BATTLE OVER FIUME AND HOW PRIEST WILSON MET
THE ITALIAN CRISIS IN THE PEACE CONFERENCE

sitting in supposed secrecy, and. throwing up both
hands. exclaim:
Il don't believe the that room been
changed since the time Of Louis Philippe"
AN ESTIMATE OF CLEMENCEAU
As for Clenenceau, who him day after
day in Paris could help coming to have kind of abid-
ing personal admiration for him-though he
against the president almost real issue that
arose. ] see him nOw-his body solid. square.
though built o wood legs.
his great drum OF chest. his head far back and
held very erect the bald top OF II the color Of old
yellow parchment, and frecked He always grey
cloth gloves in conference and out his
bare hands-got up at o'clock in the morning and
went to bed a or in the evening, and though IS
years old able. within being shot
by a would-be assassin to return to the conference
The French well called him the Tiger" He had
devastating wit and after long life in which he had
everything done everything, felt everything had
illusions left, nothing but kind OF burning flame
Of passion for France. Everything else was vanity.
So old 50 worldly wise so obstinate so witty, and
withal e-(French to the bone there is
like him in the whole world today.
KNOW WILSON As FIGHTER
These strong men with whom the president had
to deal; men who had managed the great war for two
great powers and cOntrived in spite Of everything &c
maintain their hold upon their people. Some Amer
leans forget 10 give him credit for the fact that he
only held his own with them, indicated his position
the indsputaby outstanding figure the peace
ference, but secured il large measure what he
got; and certain. left Paris only with the
high respect OF these associates, but, if words
anything ALL with their truly friendly consid-
Grafton. They him, after six months for fighter
IA hard fighter but always fair,-and respected him
accordingly.
AS I say, he had struggle with each Of the pow
He the British, for example, the
colonial described in former article, and
the fight, if the British have to
give they discreetly silent about ii, and
make appear afterwards as though. after all, they
the winners The French fought always with
fols politely, but with a matchless ingenuity in
alternatives and persistence to away the solid
rocks 1t would day in the conference. that
Cemenceau had been talked around, convinced, but
the morning. when the subject re-Opened he
back exactly where he the beginning and
the Of convincing him had to be started all
again. NJ Borgeois made the speech setting
forth the French point of view the League of Ma
tiOns least 10 times, in eXtenso at various confer
ences; he had been voted down time.
put il in the form Of elaborate statement. 1t
was wearing chiefly wsh the French that
led the president finally, in despair to order the
George Washington. 1 narrated in the previous
tcle.
TWO DIFFERENT FIGHTERS.
The president IA struggles wit the Italians
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09
Significant Revelations of Conversations
Bet7Ueen Kaiser and Lord Halda11e in 1907

Prince Won Bulow, who was then
chancellor. called on me. He said
that both the emperor and himself
were thoroughly aware Of the desire
of King Edward and his govern
ment to maintain the new relations
with France in their integrity, and
that, in the best German opinion.
this was no obstacle to building up
close relations with Germany also.
He then spoke OF the navy. 1t
was natural that with the increase
of German commerce Germany
should wish to increase her fleet
from a sea-pOlice point Of view
but that they had neither the wish,
nor. having regard TO the strain
their great army put on their re-
sources the power to build against
Great Britain. He was con-
fident that a couple of years inter
change of friendly communications
would produce a great development
and perhaps lead for both OF us TO
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09
German Emperor s First Intention About Bagdad
Railway Might Have Averted Tension With
England Over Oriental Situation

have been no misunderstanding
Things were better now. but we had
not always been pleasant 10 him
and ready TO meet him. His army
was for defense. not for offense. AS
TO Russia, he had no Himalayas be-
tween him and Russia. more was
the pity Now what about our two
power standard Call this was said
with earnestness. but in a friendly
way. the emperor laying his finger
on my shoulder as he spoke. Some
times the conversation was in Ger
man, but often in English).
I said that the two power stand
ard. while it might be rigid and so
awkward. was n way of maintaining
deep-seated national tradition.
But, I added. there was an excellent
opportunity for cooperation in other
things. instanced international
free trade developments which would
smooth other relations.
The emperor agreed. He was con-
policy for Germany also. but Ger
many could not go so quickly here
as England had gone.
The emperor then spoke Of Cham
berlains policy OF tariff reform, and
said that II had caused him anxiety.
What he sought after was
not territory but trade expansion.
He quoted Goethe to the effect that
il a nation wanted anything il must
concentrate and act from within the
sphere or its concentration. We
then spoke OF the $4,000. 600 sterling
per annum Of chemical trade which
Germany had got away from US
said that this was thoroughly justified
as the result OF the practical appli-
cation OF high German science.
That" said he. II delight to
think, because It is legitimate and
10 the credit or my people" The
emperor then passed 10 the topic OF
the Hague conference, trusting that
disarmament would not be proposed.
II so. he cogld not so in. OBJ
served that the word "disarma-
ment" was perhaps unfortunately
chosen. The best testimony" said
the emperor. TO my earnest desire
for peace is that / have had no war
though 1 should have had war II I
sad not earnestly striven 20 avoid
IT,"
Throuehout the conversation.
which was as animated as IL was
long. the emperor was cordial and
agreeable. He expressed the wish
that more English ministers would
visit Berlin. and that he might see
more OF our royal family
Prince BuIOw and Won Tchirsky.
on another day during this visit
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09

over Fume and with the japanese over Shantung
Never two peoples radically different in
anese The Japanese never said anything they took
the palm for silence at the conference as the Italians
took the prize for vociferOusness Japanese had
their minds made when they what they
wanted; they be known; they waited and
said nothng-but never let go. They were the one
price traders of the conference they the genius
perhaps the oriental genius-of knowing to
wait Though the disposition of the German colonies
including Shantung was almost the first question to
be discussed in the conference in January it was
almost the be settled May.
But quite what the italians
wanted-except that they wanted little breath
victory would their gfnaton and they were
likely to increase their demands night They
threatened, appealed charmingly sentiment.
pressed their undying oyalties, and withal n
gagingly personal about everything
HOW THEY TRIED TO TRADE
once bought an ornate handkerchief box Of a
dealer in Naples; spent joyous it, paid twice
as much / think for the box as it was worth as a
box, but considering all the corruscatng personality
thrown in. the vvacity expended came away
not only with humdrum box but with a poem about
It'll felt 1 had real bargain Well, that was the
the Italians tried to trade at Paris and found
northern world too cold!
If one day you thought you had them pinned down
to their ultimate demands might find them the
next dreaming dreams of domains in Asia. And
when you had decided that they a wholly
sOnable people, they would come down upon you with
a of realism that beat French. proving
you that Italy, impossibly crowded nation
without raw materials must have places for expansion
else explode. amusing. when I was in Italy
in the winter to find every city naming a square
street after Prest wilson, and four months
find that they taking down the signs and renan-
ing the streets after Fiume DAnnunzioi If the
French impress old-old tired, seeking Sc
curty rather than adventure, and safety before
growth-the Italians give one an unmistakable impress
of youth and vitality. If Cemenceau is kind Of
type-hgUre of France, DAnnunzio is a type-fgure
Italy-though Clemenceau is more truly French than
DAnnunzo is Italian, for in Italy type is aris-
ing-a strong modern. practical very able type repre-
sented by the industrial leaders of the north
Consider the Italian situation the president Ia
TO face it. In the fall of 1918 when the Austrians
still occupying great of northeastern Italy
large body OF public opinion in Italy-sick
death of the strugge-that would have been glad to
of the with the -bellum bound
aries restored. conference had been held at Rome
between a group Italian liberals a delegation of
JugoSavs in which the future relationships
peoples talked over, reasonably and quietly But
with the victory the Austrians the Italian
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09

pleasant real relations with other
powers also.
There were during this visit in
1906 other conversations Of which
a record was preserved, but 1 will
only mention the talk had with the
foreign minister, Herr Won Tchirsky.
He said that there had been much
tendency to misinterpret in both
countries, but that things were now
better. might take it that our pre-
cision about the entente with France
and our desire to rest firmly on the
arrangement we had made, were
understood in Germany, and that it
was realized that we were not likely
TO be able to build up anything with
his own country which did not rest
on this basis. But he thought, and
the emperor agreed, that the en-
tente was no hinderance TO all that
was necessary between Germany and
CONTINUED ON PAGE 15)
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09
Japanese Tells His COu11t1,v11eu a Fe7O Things
About america, Cleaned on Journey Here

have at least think have. found
clue 10 the mystery.
The Secret source.
More than one speaking
foreigner. who as far as I know.
was neither British nor American
nor yet French. and whose acquaint-
ance l casually made in the train.
the ship, the hotel or restaurant
or cafe, asked me seriously il Ja-
pan was not really preparing for
war against the United States. addin-
that the United States was growing
too self-impOrtant and needed chas-
tisement at the hands of some
plucky nation. You could easi1.,
have told the race and nationally
Of such men but 20 an experienced
japanese traveller like myself AN
Europeans appear more or less alike.
and this renders il very difficult for
us 10 recognize the evil-intentioned
propagandists Of enemy states
Propaganda Rampant.
In other words have realized
with alarm and disgust that the
insidious propaganda for alternating
the friendly relations between the
United states and Japan is as RAM
pant in the west as in the east.
had imagined that such nerarious
propagandists. are twofold. one -
TO stir up the hostile blood of Chi
nese patriots Chinese patriotism Is
beyond doubt. despite all the rehec-
tions cast upon - by circulating the
lie that Japan is waiting for the
earliest opportunity 10 gobbIe I'D
their country; and the other is 10
tell the Amricans in a subtle man
ner that Japan has an eye on The
Philippines. and that she is endesL,-
oring 20 militarize China so as 10
launch surprise attack by fornid-
able military forces upon the United
States.
WARRIOR What?
Aiogethe absurd and ridiculous
as this talk OF American-Japaness
hostility is. IL is important THAI
every person on both sides or the
Pacific should always rememb Der that
he should absolutely ignore every
thing which is calculated 20 irritats
American, Japanses susceptibiIitfes
unless IL be authenticated By evi-
dence.
Let Us examine for the sake ~
argument what would be the real
result Of a war between the United
States and Japan from a strategic
point OF view. The only result that
could possibly be imagined would
be desc alton and nam-Ioss mIseries
for both. The horrors II such a war
we can easily imagine after seeing
al
ing in northern France. And this
war for what purpose There Is
no prize, absolutely none.
PrO-Amcrican japanese.
Then consider II there Is any SEN
timental il-wil on the part OF the
japanese people toward the United
States. Amer-cars who ere al an
intelligent viii observe that the typI-
CONTINUED OK PAGE 80
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09

ged an they don't have L carry red.
white an blue canes A Teller with
a new, caved-in, broad, soft hat, an
neck. IS nearly allus a delegate. Nine
times out O. ten # youll ask tn fell
Ter that's smokin' a cigar with tn
band still on II he's a delegate. he'll
edge away an admit II. If he holds
his cigar like a frearm, he's sure 10
be a delegate. Theirs a rev look
about a delegate that Identifies him
at once. No teller ever started in L
be a delegate with tn clothes he had
on. He usually buys all neV scenery.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09

an he evidently buys it hurriedly.
In lots O. instances his sleeves are
too long. a delegate allus holds on I
his suitcase till he gifts in his room,
an a delegate allus has from two L
three newspapers in his coat pocket.
which throws him out o. drawin-
which causes a sag on tn OPP. side.
When a Teller is seen tryin' . buy
a collar at 6 a. m. he's a delegate.
Another mark O. Identification about
tn delegate is a climbin' necktie.
Delegates are rarely successful with
neckties. If you meet a feller comm
along tn street, an ne asks you
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09
CLAIMS OF ITALY
ALWAYS INCREASING
Flush of Victory in Conference In
variably Resulted in Still Further
Demands for Territory.

satisfaction grown strong they began
the president lay H. 20 threaten home and break
satisfaction They had already secured the great prizes
which they had dreamed for years-the return OF
the Italian provinces OF Trentno Trieste
good part OF Istra and they certain OF get
them the east besides, Of course reparations
for their losses But for the relatively small city
Fiume they willing TO break up the peace
ference.
ITALIANS LARGEST SINGLE ELEMENT.
Now, Fiume, according TO the Encyclopedia Brit
tanca. had a population s54 Italians. IA
SIS Slavs 2.4S2 Iungarians and 1875 Germans. At
the close Of the war however, probably little
half population the city Flurne
Italian, largely the disappearance OF the
unEarians, who made up the official class But
If the entire port including the eastern suburb OF
Susak Inhabited almost exclusively by Croats
sdered, Italians a minority. However they
do constitute the largest single element in the popula
ton the has a decidedly Italian aspect.
1t evident that the Italians would not be
denied; answer imperative: they were threat
enng every withdraw from the conference. The
French and the British maintained neutral attitude
they felt themselves less bound Italy by
many economic and commercial ties and they
more or suspicious Of other. Neither really
wanted the Italians get what they after;
neither wanted to risk Italian hostility by taking
position both quite willing that the Amer
leans should bear all the approorium
CONFUSING STATISTICS.
1t fell therefore o presidents did many OF
disagreeable jobs the conference-to formulate
a decision. Now, the facts and arguments had been
presented the OF WEAKNESS by both sides
Each side had its own confusing statistics JugO Slav
any chance agreed with Italian
Jugo Slav history with Italian history. The
have given above Of the population OF Fiume
though from the redoubtable Britannica, and
endeavOr nearly outsider can 10 set down the
facts-are certain o be
other probably both I'd like time TO write more
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09
ORLANDO QUITS IN
BLAZE OF GLORY
But Economic Delegates. Looking
for Coal, Food and Money From
Allies, Stay Quietly On.

Anything which the italians have TO do IS bound to
DC dramatic They set everything % music and
sent IL the stage DAnnunzio expressed the Italian
temperament the other day, accurately if extremely
when he marched into Fume and chose the grave in
which he. the martyred hero to rest.
So IL that the Italian crisis Paris the
tho president had ego down the mat with each
Of the great powers IN turnthe principles he stood
for coming into conflict with the special interests they
supported.
When an Englishman has MS fancy fixed on an
island Frenchman wants some billions Of
francs than there any show OF getting Italian
covets a town which italian in the day of the
Venetian doges. there is difficult business afoot The
president could easily have had his principles adopted
after the spoils % had been divided. but
terrific task them adopted the basis OF
Everyone wanted good strong League of Nations TO
guarantee treaty in which each first got all he
wanted!
PRESIDENT OFTEN ALONE.
And often in these struggles the president abso-
lutey alone; but sometimes he could form conbna-
tOus with other of the pOwers-usually the
British-to help him maintain his position Brit
ish liberals and their excellent newspapers helped him
than other single group in the world-better
than any single group in his country. Lord Rob-
Cecil and Gen SHUTS often strength.
As for Lloyd George he was powerfully side
day and powerfully the other the next-but
the whole and in the great main issues he
charming and amiable figures Paris. full OF
Celtic quicksilver. torrentia talker in the confer
ences-but one was ever quite sure, having heard
aim express an unalterable determination one day
that he would be unaIterably determined
other way the day following.
He full Of sudden bright ideas he contracted
cnthusians. he had panics-and amused charmed
nearly everybody with whom he came into personal
had have his every afternoon
and got Though it overturned the ancient pro-
reties of solemn Of Institutions French
foreign Office and ne had the British passion for fresh
air. him day bursting out Of the
hcrmetcally sealed where the peace conference
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-09
ed States and Europe.
Impressed on Spirit.

Impressed on Spirit.
Particularly deep is the impress
sion have received at the won
derful booming Of the international
spirit in the minds Of all Americans
who even in their opinion had beer
before the war more or less self
complaCent and provincial.
The popular awakening Of the
Americans TO the realization Of the
new truth Of internationalism that
the power and wealth of a great
country are not 10 be monOpolizeC
for the use Of its own countrymer
alone, but are TO be used also fol
other nations suffering under mis-
fortune or injustice is. 10 my mind
one Of the most remarkable spiritua
products Of the war.
Ignorance of Japan.
The more my wonder grows al
this impressive American interna-
tiOnalism, the keener grows my re
greJ at what 1 consider. and I think
have reasons to consider. the in
adequate understanding Of the Amer
lean people concerning Japan, her
ideals. her problems.
AS far as any observation and ex-
perience tell, all that the average
American knows about Japan is that
it is a small country far away
which produces tea, silk, paper Ian
tiers. and kimonos. and also great
numbers Of small Objectionable crea-
lures immigrants, for the explicit
purpose Of harasslng American la
borers. And the knowledge, or rather
the lack of knowledge OF the Guilt
waited men of America who may be
supposed 10 know better, does not
know or seem TO soar much above
this level.
misunderstanding is Serious.
What is very serious is the exist
enCe OF a misunderstanding on the
part Of some people concerning the
aims and aspirations OF Japan.
have been amazed at the absurd
questions put TO me by many AT
American Cor men processing 20 be
Americans) concerning Japan. was
asked II it was true that Japan
thought war inevitable with the Unit
ed States Of not always in so many
words, very often 10 that effect)
One journalist had the character
istic candor 10 admit that every time
any trouble occurred in Mexico
many American politicians would al
once think Of Japan, and wonder
If Japan was not financing or aid
ing and aSetting the Mexican NAL
contents against the United States
so absurd and ridiculous is such
wild imagining that / could hardly
forbear laughing in my sleeves. and
was tempted 70 doubt the sanity OF
the speakeI- The first sentiment tc
arise. after the viable impulse was
resisted. was one Of perplexity as
10 how on earth so many intelli.
gent Americans could possibly have
been infected with this preposter-
Gus notion. I could never solve thS
mystery till quite recently when