The Dolores star., 1919-07-11
FAMOUS
PEACE TREATIES
By H. IRVING uyNo
TREATY OF VIENNA, 1864.
sehleswIa and Holstein to Prussia.
By H. IRVING KING
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
(Copyright. 1913. by the McClurn No,r. -.

The treaty Of Vienna, signed In 1854.
between Denmark on one side and
Austria and Prussia on the other, put
an end to the war which the two latter
powers had been waging against the
former and tore the duchies of Schles-
wig and, Holsteln from the Danish
crown. The revolutionary spirit which
had swept Germany In 1S4S had grad
ually died away and a period Of re-
action had set In. Nowhere was the
reaction so strong as In Prussia. In
1857 Frederick William. under whom
Prussia had suffered so many humilI-
atlons, became insane and his brother
William became first regent and, early
In 1861, king. He was Hohenzollern
of the true type. deeply imbued with
the spirit Of milltarism. Bismarck
had already made for himself a reputa
tl0n rs the exponent of force and the
new king employed him as Just the
man he wanted to work out his plans.
William proposed great increase in
the Prussian amy and navy, and when
the Prussian parliament rejected his
plans sent for Bismarck and, making
him minister-president. told him to
tame" the parliament. He tanned it,
or acted without 1t. as he pleased.
The German problem" he told
them, could not be solved by parli-
mentary DEGREES. but by blood md
iron" He forced bills through by en-
ploying every means in his power; he
instituted the army reforms: he
framed trade treaty with France
which Austria declared unfriendly and
upon Austria's protesting, he recog-
nized the new kingdom of Italy. He
dispatched an ultimatum to the elector
Of Hesse, which brought that poten-
tate to reason with regard to the af-
fairs of his electorate.
Illegal and Arbitrary Powers.
To the Austrian delegate to the diet
Count Karolyi, ancestor of the Count
KRrolyi who has just played so i'm
Dortant part In the affairs of Hun
gnry-he said: Our relations with
Austria must soon become either bet
Ter or worse-we sincerely desire the
former of the two alternatives" His
entire policy was directed to driving
Austria out of Germany and giving to
PrusSia the hegemny of the confed-
Grafton. In other words, Austria was
to be driven out and PRUSSIA would
eat up what remained. To build up
Prussia, King William did not hesitate
to use illegal and arbitrary power.
Won Moltke appeared In the military
councils of Prussia and the country
was at once thoroughly "militarized."
The Polish insurrection in 1868 gave
Bismarck chance to make friends
with Russia, and he declared that II
Russia were driven out of Poland
Prussia would march in. The affairs
OF the "duches" gave Bismarck an
other opportunity. The Danish gov
ernmcnt had prepared n constitution
FOR Schleswig which made that duchy
an integral part Of the Danish king
dom, which was contrary to the last
or the many settlements of the
Schleswig-HOlstein question" The
cermanic Confederation refused to
axe any steps and Bismarck made
advances to Austria-he would en-
'eigle her and then destroy her.
The Danes counted upon aid from
france and England. in both of which
countries there had been an outbreak
cE sympathy for small nation men
aced by two powerful ones, and in
aarch of 1868 royal proclamation
i"Nued ut Copenhagen repudiated the
settlement of 1852 and offered the
gage of battle.
Beginning of War.
On January 16, 1864, Prussia and
austria sent an ultimatum to Den