davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1919-12-05
Wingate Andoyer CAPTAIN.

Andover. Mass. Dec. Troy VIM
gate, of Arlington. N. j., was today
elected captain Of the Phillips-An-
dover Academy football team for next
season. He is preparing to enter
Princeton.
The Washington herald., 1919-12-05
Urban Wins Easily.

The pocket billiard match at the
Grand Central last night resulted in
Urban defeating Throckmorton. 20
to %. Tonight King will meet
Rhiehart.
The Washington herald., 1919-12-05
Riverside Quint Loses.

The Olympia A. C. quint defeated
the Riverside A. c. five in a basket
ball game last night at the Epiphany
Chapel Gym. Il to s. The lineup:
The Washington herald., 1919-12-05

hoping the signs that treaty and releases the
glasses and telescopes slipped navy for duration
war-Evening Buzz.
The Washington herald., 1919-12-05

Aphrodite is realistic sartora representation of early
days when the weather always warm-Morning Moon
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04

"ftcryWor.san. :"


Henry ". Savage tn" theatrical
producer who has a habit of d,StnE b3s
things in a 1,ig way. announces he
production OF the elaborate musical
spectacle. "Everywoman.' IT the
Academy on Mondav and Tuesday.
and Tuesday matinee.
The production is described IS mas
todnnic An ert!re symphony or
chcstra is carried by the organization
*, interpret the senre which WAS
composed nv George 1e'hitefie,f chad
y ick. dean of the New England
Conservatory of Music, and the cast
includes thirty-seven sNeaking char
acters In reality "E.ver> woman.
most difficult to place under the or
binary Ella ssifcaton of the theatre, Is
a com bnation OF grand onera. must
cal comedy and drama. deity lister
mingled l. admits OF astoniah ing
electrical effects and scenic splendors.
There are thousands OF square Yards
of scenery and armies Of super-num-
eraries It is the Barnum Of stage
pictures. Aside from all this Every
woman" is a play with a purpose.
play with lesson which has been en-
dorstd in the ost glowing terms BY
everyone Written from the view
point OF many sided man who has
been an actor. n singer an editor
lecturer. 4 financier. stowoway,
circus performer, in many cnuntrie s.
II is a compendium Of philosophy
wit and humor II has ~heen Wit
messed by five million people and has
been PLAYED in five countries.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
Commission TO
HELP SOLDIERS

The first meeting OF the commission
provided by the last legislature to
arrange and care for the rehahlita-
ton of soldiers, sailors and war work
ers was held yesterday afternoon in
the state capitol building.
Some of the members were late in
getting TO the conference. hut in
formal discussion of the purposes Of
the comm ssion was begun DESPITE
this fact. Albert o R9echen. Of Rich
mond. called the hosy to order On
motion Of Senator Conrad. and Col
onel w. Mcdonald Lee. of lancaster,
was introduced and made general
statement OF the aims of the federal
bureau engaged in this work and ey-
pressed appreciation Of the co-opera-
ton. and spirit of the state council Of
defence and the other bodies which
had siCnIfed their willingness TO
work for the common good.
There we're MANY other hriee
speeches by Colonel c. r. Kelly and
others, who told OF the marv other
existing bodies working for the same
purpose and commanding the get-to-
eether spirit and readiness OF the
council 10 do all necessary things for
the care Of the men who dared the
hun on land and seas for America
The connssion by last night got
down to business and hopes within
a few days, after officers have been
elected. to get the scope Of the work
outlined and places obtained for the
t.i T.. 49,
two years actively engaged In tlrhting
or supplying munitions to tho men at
tho front.
II IL generally accepted f1lat II r.
tho duty Of the state to aid in this
work in every way possible and
the commission will do everything II
can do in a general way Cor ~ rs.
sistanee OF the fighters and wfrkers
Lists of persons who need WORKERS. of
all classes are desired, and the board
will get the men in touch forthwith
that they may take up the tasks of
earning a living
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
REV. WI. GALL CALLED
To SPARTAhpURG.

FA4' William Iockhari Rail pastor
Of Tabernacle Baptist church On
Grove -rvcritrr in this city has re-
cGlved call 10 the rastcrate OF the
First baptist church in STarta0hurg'
:. C. 10 succeed Or r S. Alderman
Mr.. Bali will announce his decision
-, - r.. 1 ~ es i,. ., = sS4.<,<
serfr In has church Until then he
viii make no statement as Ia his an
swer 70 the cali Following Or. Al
Germans resignation In the spartan
burg church ror. A G. DIXON nf
Spurreon's Metropolitan Tabernacle
IN London. England, was called hnt
bccauss OF the important after the
var work there hc had 70 decline
For he past IS wears Mr. Bill has
.,n~7 in the Tabernacle church in this
Nv He came here from th~ Fulton
tvenuH church in Baltimore. Since
NiS ministry here the conservation
has Increased from mem hcrsnip OF
$50 20 ever 100 The SUNDAY school
fas = membership IN all dera "tments
II 1900 The sunday school has
rrectod and paid for a building cost
mr. $780,
Mr.. Rail is n member or tn" Pap
,ist mission board the state Mission
eoard and he education hoard He
is trustee OF Richmond college and
\ mem her Of the American y bile So
-fetv. He assisted Mr. Chapman In
his cam paign here and in Brooklyn
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
CONl|SS|0N'S ATTITUDE
ON ELF-INSURANCE

In view Of the fact that y niscon-
cention which has been created in
various parts of the state concerning
the attitude of the Industrial Com
mission OF Virginia with reference to
self-insurance on the part of the stats
and It's political divisions the commits
sion at a meeting held yesterday
+ftrFnoon. adopted tfrc following reSo-
luton.
Whereas n misconstruction has
been placed by certain interested
parties. upon the action OF The Viz
Rinia Industrial Commission concern
ing eelf-ipsuranee on the part of the
state and IT'S political divisions,
Re II resolved, That the commission
hereby reitcrates its resolution of De-
cember 9, 1918. gransing self-insur ;
anee urou application TO the various
state departm ents and institutions
and 10 the political subdivisions of
the state without formal submission
Of proof Of financial ability and with
ou' requirement as to indemnity or
bond.
Resolved further. That the commits.
sion deems it proper 10 state that IN
its, judgment the policy Of Self-in~
insurance on the part of the various
state departments, institutions and
political divisions would be wise and
tudicious one provision. however. be-
ing made for extra hazardous opera
lions,
Resolved further. That there is
nothing contained In the insurance
policies approved by the commission
or in any ruling of the commission
which can be construed to prevent
the insurance OF one or more distinct
departments or institutions Of such
political divisions without insuring
the remain der
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
FREE SHOW FOR BOYS
AND GIRLS At !. N. ca.

The bald headed impersorator.
Archie Leon French. of New York,
will reach Richmond Ibis morning
and entertain at the Central Young
Mems Christian association. Grace
and Seventh streets, this afternoon at
4i30 o'clock and tonight at $50 The
program this afternoon will he for
boy members and. their boy and girl
friends, and VIII include every Kind
Of 5mita ton and PRESERVATION. from
the Blind I}efgar" 70 the Country
School Boy
The night program is for senior
members, soldiers and sailors. and
lady aud gentlemen friends. and will
include viewless pyrotechnics. VEN
"trlloquisNs,- whistling. original poly
phonic sketches, old music imperso-
nations. town celebrities. bird notes,
character sketches, dialect sketches
etc II will be social night and all
will be cordially welcomed. Admis-
sion free, without ticket.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
B. J. ?. .. INSTITUTE N
GRACE STREET CHURCH

The annual institute for Baptist
Young Peoples Union Workers will
he hold in the Grace Street Baptist
church commencing Sunday and con-
tinuin~ through Friday. There ore
Junior and senior Unions in practi-
caiIv MI the BAPTIST churches Of
Ti"iQs@agd -a'he- oResa,n~ ,@4a>less,e 1.,,ll
~ r'~t1' ,ruf,s4} a-sernoih Az three
o'clock in connection with tho regu-
lar monthly meeting OF the -. Y. r.
L.. at which time. in addition to the
regular association business there
will be addresses by Secretary Joseph
: Gaines. of tho South Carolina L.
Y. r. Us, and r. d. Foster of this
city.
study classes ~ be conducted
during the week will commence at
o'clock the first fifteen minutes he
ing given to devotional exercises. and
he first teaching period OF fortv-fve
minutes viii hn iN charge Of Secre-
tarv Gairos Mr.. Foster and Secretary
Joseph r watts. Courses will he
rivcn IN 'he Junior and Senior r. Y.
p. L. Manuals. and in the Christian
Cultur" Courses. entitled Training In
Rihia study"
Lunch will he served at O'Clock,
10 he sollowcd AT 80 by the second
teaching period in the same books as
mentioned A. S'i5 each evening,
there will he addresses by members
% h. faculty this to be followed
nis1tlv hy a demonstration of B. Y.
= T.. work
The officers 81 the city Association
are James q Kirk. president of the
senior aesooiatfon ard Miss Anna J.
Minor, president OF the junior as
ISOLATION. The program committee
for The coming institute consists OF
the following, kennnth r. Burke
Cecl Bailey. Miss Lillian Kidd. Miss
Florence Leech. w. r. Johnson. and
Miss Anna I Minor
The work IN the r Y. r. T. Tnsti-
fute is planned In such way as to
serve ae = preparation for the com
inr eVarErljstio meetings 10 he con-
Quoted by Billy sunday. and much
stress will he laid upon personal
work
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
w. G. r. r. TO HAVE BOOTH
IN SECOND MARKET JAN. II

The Earnest Workers w. G. r. T..
met Tuesday With Mrs r. E.-H.anear
The union viii enter into the plans
for a market booth 70 he held IN the
Second Market Saturday, January II.
The net proceeds of he sales re TO
be, equally divided between the de
partment of soldiers and sailors of
the BiCounty. and the Bi-County
treasury.
All W. c. T L. women are expected
10 furnish material for the market.
and 10 solicit from others Mrs
Crandall is he member of the Anar-
ket committee from the Earnest
Workers. and all contributions are TO
be left at the home OF Mrs, Nance
before 4 o'clock Jan. 10.
The Slogan Of the Earnest. Work
ers for this effort is Anything and
everything salaele from any one and
everyone"
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
CITY WOULD GET MONEY
FOR LIQUOR VIOLATION

Possibly at the next meeting Of the
city council an ordinance Will >ba in
trotiuced by T Gray Haridnn having
the effect OF diverting the money de-
rived aS penalties from liquor viola
9tens into the city treasury Large
sums annually go 10 the state from
this source, and If the plan now bofn,
formulated by MIR. Haddon is fouad
70 he successful, this. will afford The
city another big source Of revenue,
and. as consequence. more funds
VIII h. available for In prnXanlent of
streets and of the city - general. .,-.
Mr.. Haddon states that Ere derirks~
burg has already put into operation
an ordinance OF this kind, and that
the authorities Of Ashland are con-
sidering similar legislation. The only
drawback TO the plan is the fact that
arrests made for liquor violations are
not made in ordinance violation cases.
hut il is thought this matter can be
easily adjusted Many authorities on
such subjects have assured the coun-
eilmen thai his plan Is a feasible one.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
Soutbside Items
Big Growth In Revenues.

The total collections of the South
side city offices for The month just
ended exceeded those of the CORE
spending month last year by nearly
$4,000, according to the monthly re-
port of Deputy Treasurer 7. Peter
Howle. The total last month was
more than $4,000. while collections
for December. 1917. totaled $751;
1861. State taxes collected in the
Seuthside for November, 1918, totaled
$33.5l5.73, exclusive of penalties
There was an increase Of $50 in the
fines collected in police court, Part IL,
in the last month. Collections Of
Deputy Collector Robinson for II. l..
Hulce aggregated more than $4,000,
while those of T. c. Walford totaled
$4S49S.
Clerk fees at hustings court. Part
II, aggregated $39939; water rent,
$I2N.SS. and gas rent, s3.033.44. More
than $4,000 was derived from state
licenses issued within the last six
months, while special state tax
brought returns of So3074 in the
same period, and notary seals, SIS.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
INCREASED BUILDING
OPERATIONS EXPECTED

Doubtless the next few months will
witness an enormous increase OF
building throughout she city. if pres
ent .1dications in the Office of Build
ing Inspector Butler can be relied
Upon Numerous email permits for
buildings have come in, and they are
Thought to be the forerunners of
big building move which is being held
back h"caLsn of the scarcity ard
high prIcc of battling materials.
1t Is known that l.ans for. several
large bIhin"s IRE l.ady and merely
Waiting FOR t reGu't,' of the cost
-nl-lahar- and-of 1Ltld,ng materials
a{t~i accessories. Property owners
throu~He NJ the cry have been hold
ing back on account of war condi-
tons, aud they are av.,ting anxious
ly the letter utifions that are
thought To pc already n sight.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
Held for TRANSPORTING.

s. O. Dixon was arrested Yesterday
by Police Officers Brennan and Davis,
of the Second police station, and Fed
oral Officer Shaw at Byrd street sta :
ton on a charge OF transporting liquor
in violation of the state prohibition
law. II Is said that Dixon was bound
for point further south than Vir-
ginia and he Is being held by the
police Tor the Federal authorities.
At the time OF the arrest, Dixon
was carrying a tan suitcase which,
when opened, contained twelve pints
Of whiskey. This also will be turned
over ID the Federal authorities. as evil
dence against him.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
Judge Wells Dismissed.

Judge Ernest II. Wells, of hustings
court Part II, who was arrested sew
craI days ago on the charge OF vioiat-
ing ~ itf-erfitnafe4- in running past
"A traffic signal at Seventh and Broad
streets. was dismissed yesterday in
Justice Crutehfield's court.
Judge Wells was reported by Traffic
officer Bernstein, who was stationed
at the traffic signal at Seventh and
Broad. when, according to the officer.
the judge ran by the signal. The
judge testified that the signal was
oblique and not straight and that he
did not know whether the signal was
open or shut
Officer Bernstein stated that the
Judge had talked In insulting terms
to him. 'and referred to previous in
cident, which had no bearing on the
case The court decided. however.
that the signal was ohliquc and that
the judge could not be held respon-
sible for running past it. and dismiss
ed the case.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
piggy H.rrroyn Is Visitor.

-f7tg Tfggy ttaTrrove, Formerly 4
star football. basketball. and track
athelete ut Y. p L.. has been dis
charged from the army and will act In
the capacity Of referee at games
played here this year Piggy how
ever, Will not he affiliated with anp
particular team. Since joining the
army. he has sold ont his business
here and as yet has not determined
what he will DO.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
Store Is Robbed.

phlin Cohen. 500 West Leigh
street, reported TO the police last week
that his store at that address had
heen entered and currency and -NaliI-
ahles 20 the extent Of SIS taken 1t
il believed THAI the thief fpr thieves
obtained an entrance to the store
through a rear door. \ gold watch,
valued at twenty-five dollars; a
bracelet valued AT So; a necklace.
valued 1T r. and $40 IN currency are
missing.
No arrests have been made as yet,
but It is stated that a gang OF ne
rroes, who have been hanging around
the store Of late. are believes to have
entered. the place,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
Officers Arc Elected.

The following mem bers of the Co.
wardin Avenue Social club have been
elected for the new term: E. T. Bass.
chairman f. b. Bass. treasurer; J..
FAX, secretary. The last session OF
the club was one of the most interest
ing yet held. Supper was served
under the direction of Fl. J. Schwartz.
Frank Sirach was the principal
speaker of the evening.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
visit of Commissioner.

Colonel William NJ. Myers newly
elected commissioner of public safety.
yesterday paid his. first official visit to
the Third police station. II was in
the nature of a get-together affair.
and assisted Colonel Myers to get In
closer touch with the men under his
SUPERVISION.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
Violated IiutIOr LAW.

William Booker and Ernest White
tcolored) were convicted yesterday in
hustings court. Part II. on the charge
Of violating the liquor law. and were
sentenced to thirty days in Jail in adj
dition to fine of $50 each. Similar
punishment was melted out to Ernest
HowinGlou and John Lambert color
cd) on the same charges.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
s O. C I E
'r'eda .N'crnl!.t r'-'e Editor.


An nteres ing event in II ri1r,ond
society will be the wedding his
morning ~ II o'clock il 81 paufs
F!DFscdFnf church ~ wFSs r.pcf1Ie f'ef-,
oltZe and Ensign williaIa L r. SIN H..
! Jr., T. s. a~'atfon ccr~s Tia Rev.
l. Valentine Lae WI, offici.'e assieted
ny Dr.. W r I. Smith Miss f7eion2e
irjS.. Tvs. .dar%flter Of ". aHN Mrs p;
- 49, .~s.A.@I. = ~.
street.
Observation-Disclosures.
s,Yopv,r 4f,,e~. ss AIDE of .tn v-e9-
ding Of Mis-. Cor"cta V. vcoo'r'dae,.
oe Puwha'tar county. and IE,nus c..
Wright Of Amelia county, the core.
rnonv lisviu. heer celebrated III She.
home tf Rev. Dr.. +. T. MdF'aden. s07.
Yves. Grace street. OF December 26. :
Mics Strrtivi>l, Luncheon.
Mrs. Edmund Struawic% and her'
dareh'sg Miss Iene s "iaw'c',. wera.
,>"~ esses yee,stc,~1av ~. noon a. =.
o'c!oc,. at = der @tltsrl lun"''eon N.
tbs comm o a$rnai-h r'rf F..N~s''y,@s.
greens decorated the dining ~oom anI
a vase OF red roses was used a" ~
centerr'ece for the luncheon t"h'e~
About forty guests were entertained
members OF the debutante AID co!--
! ieGe set =
In Honor of Mrs. B"rrctt.
Mrs. Kate Waller Barrett. fre@
quent Nts''or in Richmond thc ps''fe'
regent Of the Daughters o. Ga tlreri-.
can. Revolution. was te1dered bril-
liant reception last evening hv he
members OF Mount Vernon chapter
IN Alexa.rdria. The reception rooms
Of the Chan her OF Commerce hui,d-
ing were used ana were effectively
decorated for the occasion in ever
green's and American fags There
wer" many guests from distance
present. Receiving WITH Mrs Barrett
were Mrs J. Stewart .'nna 'esor. act
nag regent: Mrs. Nanchl;r Nivir.
secretary; Miss Helen Calvert. co~re-
spending secretary. and Mrs william
Snoot. treasurer,
0fsi.ers Dance Tnnl.hi.
The usual fance will he he,' in the
officers club this evertN- NJ SIT West
Franklin street. All officers in the
city this evening are invited. \ group
81 Young girls assis. In entertaining.
! yrs-Rehert NJ Elankenshin Is char
man his evening and will be as
sis cd V Mrs. = s. Hume. Mrs. Har-
w Wa son Mrs Edith ", Rowe. Mrs.
Philip H. Powers Mrs. Robert Pc
or..",. Mrs John Miller. III, Mrs
Hugh Rose. Mrs John A. Hancock.
Mrs. A. r. briggs ard Mrs, stafford
Barker
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04

A supplemental report issued yes
terday by Postmaste~ Hay T. Thorn
ton shows that the receipts of the
local postoffiee fer the la 1t quarter
Of 1918 were s341 362. as. a material
increase over the same period for the
preceding year.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
Supreme Court oonvcnes Tu,

The Virginia Supreme Court of APP
pea1s will convene Tuesday for the
regular winter session.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-01-04
WI. attend sun's Wedding.

WIZ NFtFF NtlF F'tItHg.
Mrs. lSf79 Hagif., ~ 4ao East
"ran'fln street wtsl isave shortly for
Atlanta Ga. 20 attend he wedding
Ees her son Can.a'n Addison Hagen,
aud M'se Mare Rid'ev. Of 'anta
Dance M Woran's Cab.
This affe.coor from l:.h To
o'",o..S 9 eaassrt VII - given ny lie
EIue.uhers of jhe Younger 's.''-.ae set
~ rhs .Noa94rts ciah auditorium. An
orchestra viii plny throughout the
, afternoon.
D"n,T III Taicotts school.
The G.r't~ Patriotic club uu,.vr the
lchnparona 70 Of u IS Taicott Win give
! - regular Saturday evening 6ance
81 Taicott hall, Lonlhardy street be-
tuc,.n Hanover and Cove avenues
The Washington times., 1919-02-25
TROTZKY PUTTING
) ON MILITARY AIRS

WARSAW, Feb. 25.-Bolshevik Mil
lister of War Trotzky has assumed
an exalted military attitude, as
sembling about him commissaries
whom he treats as his marshals.
He is also holding frequent reviews,
sometimes riding on horseback wear
ing a high cap OF sheepskin and call
ing out to the men: Good morning,
my little soldiersi" Whereupon they
reply: Good morrow, comrade.'
These close relations, however, did
not prevent one of his comrades from
stealing Trotzky's sable overcoat re-
Gently during a halt, when the war
minister was enjoying his us1aI
sumptuous meal.
Trotzky, who has OF late taken to
himself more power than ever, had a
fierce quarrel with Nikolai Denine,
the BolsheEik premier, regarding the
Princes Islands conference. He
strongly opposed this conference, but
Lenine prevailed. Lenine desires to
preserve Bolshevism at any cost, and
also to keep in with the allies as F2r
es possible in the belief that Boil
Shevism will sweep over the world.
The Washington times., 1919-02-25
SINN FEIN BEGINS
RECOGNITION FIGHT

PARIS, Feb. 25.-The provisional
government OF the Irish republic last
night formally began its fight for
recognition at the Peace Conference
when Sean o'CealIigh presented him
self as the accredited envoy.
Ever since it was announced the
Irish would send delegates to the
conference it has been generally Un-
derstood their credentials would
come before the committee on creden-
tials in the same manner as those
OF any other persons applying for
recognition
Letters have been sent by O'CesI-
high to Premier ClemenCeaU and mem
Sers OF the peace conference in which
he brings to their notice the claim
OF his government, in the name Of the
Irish nation, for international recog-
ton OF the independence OF Ireland
and for the admission OF Ireland as
q constituent member of the League
of Nations.
The Washington times., 1919-02-25
SIMS LAUDS BRITISH
CROSS-SEAS AIRSHIP

Admiral Sims. in a message to the
Navy Department. has officially con-
firmed printed reports that the Brit
ish admiralty is planning for the
coming summer a flight to the United
States with one OF its new warships.
He adds that the chances are better
than fair that IL will be successful"
England already has built airships
6s5 feet long. with displacement OF
about 2.7O0.00O cubic feet, says Ad-
miral Sims message. They have a
maximum speed of 50 knots and a
cruising period OF more than 200
hours.
The admiral urges the United States
to lose no time in developing rigid
airships as a specific element for the
United States Navy.
The Washington times., 1919-02-25
HOUSE ACTS TO KNOCK OUT
ALL EXPORTS EMBARGOES

BY going on record as opposirg g
enbargoes on exports OF any kind.
the House took action that would
automatically stop the War Trade
Boards embargoes after July l. 1t
is the desire OF members OF the House
to put an end to them now
The House last night adopted an
amendment TO the sundry civil bill
providing that no part OF the appro-
pTiatiOn for the War Trade Board
shall be available so long as ,sm-
bargoes on the expectation OF Ameri-
can goods and farm products remain
in effect