Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-03-30
A!suqueraue Morning journal, Sunday March 3d. 1919

ton by any European powers"
This was directed against Russia,
and specifically excerpts "the ex-'H
listing colonies or dependencies
of any European power"
3. Intervention. The message
assumes that the Latin-Ameri-
can states are permanently in
dependent, and capable of con-
Quoting civilized governments;
and explicitly and strongly pro-
tests against ANY interposition
for the purpose of depressing
them, or controlling an any other
manner their destiny, by any
European power"
4. Political system. 1t would
he hostile and dangerous to the
United States if the "allied
powers should extend their po-
litical system to any part of
either continent" This plainly
refers to the mutual assistance
given by members of the Holy
alliance.
5. John Quincy Adams un-
doubtedly desired that the Unit
ed States should exercise a po-
litical leadership over the other
American states, but such a prin-
tiplc 10 NV SilibuuiSu III lilS
sage.
Doctrine Effective.
The original Monroe doctrine was
at once effective. Canning was so
much interested in the result that he
claimed it for himself and said, De-
cember 81. 1926 Il looked another
way. l sought for compensation in
another hemisphere. | called the new
world into existence to redress the
| balance of the old" In reality the
United States had struck out policy
for itself. European intervention
was abandoned; but when our Latin
American neighbors attempted to get
a more distinct promise of military
protection, in the Panama congress of
| 1926, the United States took the po-
sition that our neighbors must pro-
tect themselves, in case of fight
with European powers.
| The Second Phase.
Second. The second phase of the
Monroe doctrine began about 1S45,
| because new set of conditions came
about in America, In 1924 and 1926
Russia withdrew all her claims on
the Pacific coast south of 54:40: Cuba
remained safe in the hands of Spain
and France soon ceased to be an i'm
/ ..
The commerce of the United States
increased with all her neighbors. Fur
thermore, the United States assumed
new importance in America by the
annexation of east Florida in 1919;
by the successful assertion of claims
to Oregon from 1905: by the annex.
alton of Texas in lS45, and by enor.
NOUS growth of population and power
In the Mexican war, in 1916. the
United States abandoned any right t
stand as the special champion or de.
fender of the integrity of Latin.
American states, for she invaded ant
seized Mexican territory.
To meet these new conditions Pres
ident Polk and other presidents anc
secretaries of state after him, laic
down principles which they held Il
be a refteration of the Monroe doc
trine. The annexation of California
raised a new question of American
policy, by calling attention to tn,
need of a line of transit shorter thai
Horn.
Folks Recommendations.
In formal terms President Poll
several times quoted phrases of tn
Monroe doctrine, and attempted t,
show that a policy. of aggression OIL
our neighbors was a duty prescribe,
by that doctrine. In special mes
sage he advocated the annexation O
Yucatan, on the ground that tn
Monroe doctrine required us to TAX
over territory which otherwise nigh
go to European powers. More sig
nificant than these appeals to Monro
n was the treaty with New Granad
(now Colombia). under which tn
& United States received the right I
q us, and to maintain order on, an
\ transit line by water or land acros
y the Isthmus of Panama.
d Another evidence of interest in tn
8 rest of America was the Clayton
& Bulwer treaty with England. b
Y which the United States agreed I
\ share with Great Britain the respons
4 Utility of guaranteeing any isthmu
4 communication, and secured fror
Z Great Britain not to exercise any ex
I elusive control over the Nicaragu
4 route. These two ideas of a specis
3 guaranty and of joint guarant
: were clearly not covered by. nor cor
n templated by, Monroe's message {
1923.
Frnch intervention IN Mexico.
y A rev years later. however, pre-
I clsely the case whlcn was IN Monroe
1 Inlno, arose, IN 1921 france sent q
& arheu iorce INTO MeH,co' os,ehsip'
70 eniorce claims really, as 500
pIoveu, ~ lounu a .ench uepe ~,
1 I TnJy ~ e A.i,eii oa, al a .nl,e mneli VI
3 nins ~ o;,,i, m,.r 'o''p'e'oS o0''
Caoratar,, ca,,,ra T., al. a;sn.,.
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