The Coconino sun., 1919-07-11
AUTOMOBILE
 FABRICATION
THE HOW, WHERE AND WHY OF THE OIL AND CREASE; OIL IS
 THE PROPER STUFF FOR YOUR
 TRANSMISSION; DIFFERENT PARTS NEED DIFFERENT OILS

In spite of the inSiStence of motor car manufacturers and service men on the vital importance of fabrication as it affects the life of the vehicle, it is doubtful if the average car gets all that it really needs in this connection. Nor is the reason far to seek; we have upward of a million new car owners in this country every year, and they all must learn the lessons that the pre- ceding motoring generation has come to take as a matter of course. Fur ther, we are learning all the time in every branch of the automobile indus try and the science of fabrication IS constantly developing. So it is that the wise motorist reads all that he can find in regard to fabrication, and here are a few suggestions that may help him:
 Should Use Oil
 To begin with, let us address few words to car owners who are still us ing grease in the transmission. Oil is the proper lubricant for the gearset. The gear teeth cut path through the heavier lubricant and proceed to re- volve in thin air to their great detri, ment. In addition, grease has the unfortunate characteristic of carrying dirt and foreign matter of any kind into the gears or wherever else it may be used.
 In cold weather grease is simply impossible. After the gearset has been in operation for short time the grease becomes packed against the walls of the housing and the gears themselves get no fabrication what ever. So make this your first lubri- cation law:
 "Use transmission oil of the proper grade in this part of the mechanism"
 Grease Cups
 Not many years ago grease cups were used in all parts of the mecha- nism for lubricating bearings, etc. Now grease is not the best lubricant for this location, because it has a characteristic of getting hard in the cup, so that the latter can not be properly turned down, hence the part does not get adequate fabrication.
 It is for this reason that more and more cars every year are being fitted with oil cups in many locations though llC IS StGdSc itCtplSitlC Sllii persists on many parts of even the best cars. The owner who really un- derstands his car knows without being told that oil is better than grease, but perhaps he can substitute oil cups for the grease variety.
 Within the past year or so num- Der of very ingenious oil cups have been placed on the market, embody- ing systems of gradual feed whereby the oil is permitted to leak out gradu- ally instead of running away in sin gle day as used to be the case. That was always the trouble with oil cups, you had to keep filling them up each day. Some of these new cups have constructed passages which permit of only slow flow of oil, while others have what are known as wick feeds, wherein a wick picks up the oil from the cup and allows it to reach the part to be fabricated gradually.
 Some of these cups need replenish- ment only once or twice in running season. Another advantage of the wick feed is that, since it operates by capillary attraction, it does not carry dirt or foreign matter to the bearing surface, even if it is present in the cup. As a matter of fact the wick feed cup is probably the nearest thing to having the parts running in oil.
 Naturally the different parts of the mechanism require different grades of lubricants, or better, say oils. For the gearset, differential and rear axle a heavy oil is the proper lubricant