The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1919-07-11

hey were called upon to 6ll. One
general principle 10 clear: No femals
worker should remain In any occupa-
ton that u harmful to health or NOR.
ala Women should disappear as quick
aucting and guarding street cars, clean
Ing locomotives and a great number OF
other activities for which conditions OF
life and their physique render them
unfit. Another general principle Is that
the proportion Of women in industry
ought to be kept within he smallest
practical limits. II we have an efli-
cient national employment service, II a
goodly number of the returned soldiers
and sailors are placed on the land and
If wages and the demand for goods are
kept up to the level which is easily at
tainable all female workers who are
displaced from tasks that they have
been performing only since the begin
ming OF the war will be able to find
suitable employments In other parts OF
the industrial field or In those domestic
occupations which sorely need their
presence. Those women who are en-
gagged at the same tasks as men should
receive equal pay for equal amounts
and qualities Of work.
National Mar Labor Board.
zone of the most beneficial govern
mental organizations Of the war is the
National War Labor Board. Upon the
basis of a few fundamental principles
unanimously adopted by the represent
atiyes Of labor, capital and the public
It has prevented innumerable strikes
and raised wages to decent levels In
many different industries throughout
the country. Its main guiding princi-
Piles have been q family living wage
for all male adult laborers, recognition
Of the right of labor TO organize and to
deal with employers through its chosen
representatives and no coercion of nom
union laborers by members OF the un
ion. The War Labor Board ought to
be continued in existence by Congress
and endowed with all the power for eff
fective action that 1t a possess under
the Federal Constitution. The prtnci-
pies. methods, machinery and results
Of this institution constitute a definite
and ~far-reaching gain for social Jus
tice. No part Of this advantage should
be lost or given up in time Of peace.
Housing for Working Glasses.
Housing projects for war workers
| which have been completed or almost
completed by the Government Of the
United States have cost some forty
million dollars and are found in eleven
cities. While the Federal Government
cannot continue this work in time of
peace, the example and precedent that
1t has set and the experience and
knowledge that 1t has developed should
not be forthwith neglected and lost.
The great cities in which congestion
and other forms Of bad housing are
disgracefully apparent ought to a K
up and continue the work at least to
such an extent az will remove the
worst features Of a special condition
that is a menace at once to industrial
efficiency, civic health, good morals
and religion.
Social Insurance.
"Until the level Of legal minimum
wages is reached the worker stands in
need Of the device OF insurance. The
| State should make comprehensive pro-
vision for insurance against illness, in
validity, unemployment n old age.
So far as possible the insurance fund
should be raised by a levy on industry,
as Is now done in the case Of accident
| compensation. The industry in which
a man is employed should provide him
with all that is necessary 10 meet al
the needs of his entire life. Therefore,
any contribution to the insurance fund
from the general revenues of the State
should be only slight and temporary.
For the same reason no contribution
should be exacted from any worker
who is not getting a higher wage than
is required to meet the present needs
OF himself and family. Those who are
below that level can make such a on
tributlon only at the expense of their
present welfare. Finally, the admins
tration Of the insurance laws should be
such as to interfere as little as possible
with the Individual freedom Of the
worker and his family.
A New Spirit Z Vital Need.
"'Society,' said Pope Leo NH, can
be healed in no other way than by a
return to Christian life and Christian
Institutions The truth Of these words
is more widely perceived to-day than
when they We're written, more than
twenty-seven years ago. Changes In
our economic and political systems
will have only partial and feeble efi-
cheney If they be not reinforced by the
Christian view Of work and wealth.
Neither the moderate reforms auvo-
Gated in this paper nor any other pro-
gram Of betterment or reconstruction
will prove reasonably effective with
out a reform In the spirit Of both labor
and capital. The laborer must come to
rooli1o that ho Ouoc hfa omp1oyop ond