davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Republican farmer., 1919-10-17
SURVIVAL OF THE FTTTEST.

HAT THE of nature provide for the R fest is enough. But who the fest The diff culty definition Most commonly persons strength fittest is fighter definition is bad it's face, because it is vived completely and he has survived by his brain, and his qualities which the power merely incidental.
 There is of rely on place time those best adapted vironment will adapted to the best environment.
 Upon soil hundred species of plants compete soil
 his perfection, where is ho cold weak enough enervate cold enough to sfen energy rule the world.
 The men, who temperate zones have attained something approaching equality of material prosperity ins utions, inventions forces and weapons.
 Those test to survive who attain the com plete mastery of naure and struggle survival in this
 will make the most successful war; and control who the most civilized Hence the survival must be in the pursuit of peace.
 may and probably will, that Germany the benefit beyond counting in being deprived great costly military school It is possible probable Central Europe there will up powerful izaton better adapted to succeed. to- geher concevaby constitute great peaceful power sustained, well adapted to environment which will leadership to Europe.
 The rest of Europe must practice peace War is that leads 0
Republican farmer., 1919-10-17
THE LABOR CONFERENCE.

DR. CHARLES w. complains the group system of A| voting which the Labor Conference agreed employ, because among other things, he says, promotes to old methods and machinery
 It impossible to escape the od that to say what has nearly always outgrowth of the old There is exception to this rule It law. underes evoution on which all modern scientific thinking is based.
 The promulgatons of the labor group a compendium of their familiar demands the right to organize, for for the work suspend immigration for two and to limit it to amount which be conveniently absorbed.
 The newest feature program the proposal for national council o be equally composed of representa- lives of associated employers and organized labor
 Secretary Wilson carries this plan further opposes board equal numbers of repre- sent each industry and consider it's affairs and each will @ board for the adjustment of disputes
 Appeals from these boards would be a General Board which would be appointed third by the President by capital and one lrd by labor s board being unable to the particular question would umpre twenty would be created the choice being by ballot board can select him unanimously.
 "The decision of the umpire force and effect of trade agreement which employers employees shall be morally bound to accept and provide by"
 This machinery that the Board amplified by the creation of special trade councils.
 At least the group system voting, defective as it is will not prove with what has been done It would necessarily be futile if only proposals Nothing permanent accomplish ed by consideration of novelties.
 it does possible and probable the con- ference will endorse some means for the adudaion of labor disputes which if not compulsory will approach
 If nothing than this is accomplished great gain be made for social stability increased production and material wall being.
 elements in the Conference show frmer grasp on of prices to living conditions For years labor the theory that could itself abreast market by raising wages and shortening hours.
 It is distinctly perceived that the maket in few moments away any benefit gained by wages, Conference will gVe attention to methods Of distribution par tcuary the purpose of ascertainng if direct be found between producers and consumers
 Edward Russell offers resolution "that because prices increase result law like the British law against profeering
 Sheppard of the Labor group says T hope to this conference declare something regards the profits of industry the retailer, the middean and the wholesaler If
Republican farmer., 1919-10-17
THE POSITION or CAPITAL.

-H~f POSITION of capital outlined by the group repre- senting Capital in the Industrial Conference is rather statement of code of ethics than consideration of methods
 The ancient position of Capital is somewhat modified The old rule that labor commodity be purchased in the low est market has been abandoned
 It is admitted that labor be employed for great number of hours than consistent with heah and well be- ing But nothing definite said the number of hours which constitute such maximum The seven day week IS as serted with day preeraby the seventh without reference to a Saturday half holiday.
 establishment up unit of ad ustmen rather than the industry and the of Capital fers condition in which corporation will deal with any other employees than those the immediate individual plant
 Strike and lockout admitted last resorts but hec strikes and boycos and baistng and sympalnerc lockouts rejected for ending disputes
 There is another departure in the platform of Capital in the advocate direct control and adjust ment of strikes and labor disputes.
 Formerly this favore remedy in industrial circles among employers apparently acquired zest for this of settlement and Capital has changed its posi- tion
 The change reflects the growing feeling influential than it used to be and Capital less fuental It Capital that fears government interference and Labor seeks it.
 interest economic accuracy it must be admitted that the proposals of Capital not gnazed by novelty by adequate recognition of the status quo
 The eight hour day is fact, sanctioned by law, and embrac ed principle in the Peace Treaty The strike and the lock out the boycott and the sympathetic strike all sanctioned and permitted by law and ckeng has been legazed by Saturday half holiday stay
 Settlement of labor disputes with reference only to the individual plant not practical method if only for the that many individual plants frequently held by the ownership.
 Nor is wage adjustment by individual plants sound principle Wage adjustments ought to be for period and ought the whole industry that everybody will be equal terms everybody This principle applied to the settlement of disputes during the and it admitted by most experts to be the wsest method
 The single establishment ought not to endure considerable adjustments and changes in conditions, which put in disadvantageous competition
 The immediate chief good that out of the Con- of settling disputes before the strikes Such ought to comprehend nothing less than the whole industry and the itself must give the final decision shall be morally binding the parties. Single bat IS dead in industrial 1t is in real
 Capital speak through advocates will find itself position disadvantage and before the country.
Republican farmer., 1919-10-17
SENATOR WALSH AND THE TREATY.

HE MOST eloquent sent out of Massachusetts since
 the days Wendell Phillips, Senator David Walsh of Boston, tells that he is surely committed to the pie of League of Naions but he opposed to Article O which reads follows:
 of the League respect and preserve the territorial integrity existing In
 
 upon by
 
 advice of Council unanimous advice that the United States will join any effort it and there will anybody to join unless the United States votes Therefore Senator Walsh need not fear that this country be bound against his will Equally there nothing ce 10 which by the most elastic construction could be held from another government be said to be act of external aggression against the territory the political dependence of the state of which the fugitive
 The truth of the matter is that Senator Walsh is caught in net of sentiment Gifted he is with logic and understanding he knows that the League of Nations for the knd he attacks It III the least possible degree of sympathy with the Irish of the members of which have been believe by efforts agaors bound by life long habits of thought that the Covenant good land.
 How strangely tide by their habits, which are stronger than steel chains The Sim agator sprung from the Joins who years ideal of freedom obtained by force.
 After millions of years of finally at the concept of and agreement casting off the bondage of old ideas, to take on be freedom of
 There to suppose that in this ends of Ireland will be obtained Rather they obtained by the persuaon of justice and humanity the Covenant of the League is the sign Symbol
 The history of the future will hold than that small naon peoples by force should have resented the attempt which the Epoch of peace.
 How the little nations which ever suffered by the strength of their neghbors fail to by the substitution of good will and arbitration trial by combat
 Senator Walsh is right in being for the League He fights windmills when he opposes Article the fate of Ireland will be affected
 Rather should supporters Irish Article Eleven by which Ireland for the first tribunal to which the American people present her
Republican farmer., 1919-10-17
THE PRESIDENTS ILLNESS

N E OST ALARMING gossip circulates regarding IVA of the President Those who affectonately his we'll being industrious circulating his who would very give that the President is ill he be again to concern himself with public affairs.
 It is asserted by Senator Moses that
 rebra eson which prettier way saying what in popular language only may effuson of blood the brain.
 physical disability may be very light degree insgncance and be very grave producing paralysis and death.
 the Presidents the evidence seems slight titchng of the lowered health that he suffering exhaustion.
 But if he suffers from shock, Senator impes the
Republican farmer., 1919-10-17
ployers, the retailers and the others shall

much profits the employers retailers and the others shall obtan."
 too early to predict the action of the Conference but it looks if novelties in legislation which be mended will distribution rather than the direct re on between labor capital The most immediately import ant legislation dealing with labor and capital will propose the creation of tribunals and determine all labor disputes, which will be small gain.
 The proposal immigration would almost certainly through because recent has and again the flow of arrivals from foreign countries.
 The proposal with which most employers will sym paiz despite vexaions labor scarcity because the workers potent of trouble
Republican farmer., 1919-10-17
AUSTRIANS NOT
 ANXIOUS TO GET
 OUT OF COUNTRY

Vienna, Oct 14-Austria, since the collapse. has no need to fear emigra- tion. for in the time between Novern- Der, 1918, and July. 1919, no less than 16O,OOO naturalizauons have taken place The majority of them are of residents of Bohemia and Moravia of German ancestry, who, rather than come under Czech rule and be Czech citizens, have rushed to Vienna and taken on German-Austrian citizen ship.
 Many others, refugees most of them, have also swept in and applied for citizenship as Austrians rather than Galicians or Hungarians because they are of German origin. Many have taken the move in an attempt fortunes.
Republican farmer., 1919-10-17
WORLD LABOR CONFERENCE,

WORLD LABOR CONFERENCE PRESIDENT WILSON has called a body unique in
 the history of civilization, World Labor Conference which is established by the Treaty of Peace. Such delegates assemble will be organized ton of Secretary Wilson, provided the Treaty of Peace is effective.
 Treaty is in process the government will adjourn the Conference to such time appears find the Treaty ready.
 Article B of the Covenant declares that the League
 Will n tons of
 
 relations that
 
 Part 1a of Treaty being permanent organ zaton which consists of General Congerence ona Labor office.
 The General Conference consists country in the League of Naon two delegates and two representing respectively of the country delegate may have two advisers for each item on the agenda of the conference
 The International Labor office will be established at the the present Geneva and will controlled by i persons twelve representing the men six elected by the Conference represent the employ and six representing the workers.
 There will be Director the Office who will Le respon sble for it's efficient conduct
 The Office will publish in French and English and perhaps in other languages periodical paper dealing with the problems of industry and employment of international interest The provisions for the control and operation of the Con lenghty and detailed.
 The object of this unique and comprehensive organization alone to just and humane conditions for labor for and women and children but ito secure the harmony of the world which mpered because conditions exist involving such injustice hardship and privaons to large numbers of people, These things
 Regulation of the hours of work, establishing maximum working day and week
 Regulation of the labor supply.
 Prevention of unemployment.
 Provision of adequate living wage
 Protection the against sickness jury arising out of his employment
 The protection of children, young persons and Provision for old age and injury.
 Protection of the interests of workers when employed countries other than their
 Recognition of the principle freedom association Organization of technical and vocational other Labor is not to be regarded merely modity article of
 The must be adequate to maintain of life this understood in their time The right of Association for all lawful purposes extends employees and employers
 The hour day and the 4S hour week the standard at where it has not already been attained.
 Men and should receive equal of value Each state should make provision for system pection in which should take order laws and regulations for the protection of the unemployed These methods and principles not asserted either complete final but they expected to confer lasting fits the workers of the world.
 This important tribunal which is called into being to the United States to be the welcome it.
Republican farmer., 1919-10-17

attack must been exceedingly light for the double that the President able walk after the attack showing disturbance the motor ceners that he able to act such business his physicians permit him.
 The country will take note of these in political life who seize the illness of the President for partisan how much damage they do him. and how much they appreciate his influence with the country and the world
 Patriotic Americans will soberly that God in His wis will great and stricken
Republican farmer., 1919-10-17
GRENADES NOT TO BE USED FOR
 SAVINGS BANKS

Hartford, Oct. 14-Because the War Department has decided that the 15.0o0.O00 hand grenades, which the government had on hand when the arntssAns was signed, shall not be distributed in the form of miniature War Savings hand grenade banks, Mrs. Richard M. Bissell, director O. savings for Connecticut, has announc- ed that New England's allotment Of 250.0O of these hand grenade banks will not be distributed in this dis trict.
 These miniature grenade banks were to have been distributed among the thrifty boys and girls of New England. Each child under Iz years of age that purchased a War Savings Stamp was to have been given gren- ade savings bank at the time he bought the stamp. Children over 12 years of age were to have been given shese banks when they purchased two War Savings Stamps.
 The longest mile iS fl7e Norwaoia1
Republican farmer., 1919-10-17

The longest mile is the Norwegian which contains 12.1s2 yards.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-22
HUNDREDS HEAR MASS
BY CARDINAL MERCER
Bishop of Helena Warns of
Spirit of Unrest.

BALTIMORE, Sept. 21.-Cardinal Mer-
cier celebrated pontifcal mass in the
cathedral to-day The edifice was
crowded and hundreds of people on the
streets viewed the ecclesiastical process
sion. DR.. Thomas A. LIE Breton, Ambassa-
dor from the Argentine Republic. and
a delegation from the Belgian Embos sy
attended the service. Leut.-Col. Oster-
rieth, Belgian Military Attache at
Washington; Capt. Barber of the Bel
gian Lancers and DR.. Alfred Mercincx
OF the University of Louvain repre-
sented the Belgian Embassy.
Bishop John p. Carroll of Helena,
Mon, In his sermon dwelt upon the
world unrest, labor and capital and the
League OF Nations. He said: mot
only are the governments of the world
not satisfied with the results of the
war but the peoples of the world are not
satisfied. The spirit of unrest has taken
possession of them to such a degree that
statesmen and churchmen everywhere
are filled with grave misgivings. Amer
ica's principles regarding the right of
self-determination for all nations, great
and small alike, were accepted as the
basis of peace by both friend and foe,
but they did not receive at the Peace
conference tne plenary appncation tnat
was expected. May we not hope that
the League OF Nations. imperfect and
unsatisfactory as It is. may be the
means under Gods providence for
bringing the peoples of the world closer
together"
The Belgian Primate. accompanied by
Cardinal Gibbons. visited Notre Dame
College in the afternoon and later at
tended a reception at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. Joseph W. Jenkins. Jr., at
Roland Park
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-22
ISSUES
MANY RIOT POLICIES
Rush by Property Owners In
Pittsburg District.
SpeciaI DespatcA 90 Tan sus.

HARTFORD, Conn, Sept 21.-Property
conservatively estimated at $50, 000.0
has been insured in the last three days
by Hartford insurance companies against
the result of strike rioting In the Pitts.
burg steel districts. Under the author
ity of a general State insurance law
passed in 1917, permitting the Hartford
companies to write war risk and prop
erty damage lines, they are all in posi-
ton to handle riot and commotion risks.
With little solicitation business is pour
ing into the local companies from Pitts
burg.
Insurance officials say this Is a direct
result of the recent Boston situation,
where for the first time In history near y
every property owner endangered bought
a riot risk policy.
The policies cover those hazards which
are expressly excluded from a fire insur-
ance policy, civil commotion and in
surrection, rioting, lawlessness and ex-
plosion. In some cases the policy is for
a greater amount than the fire policy,
one instance being an. increase to $10,-
900, 900 for riot insurance on property
insured against fire for only $4,000, 900.
Usually, however, the policy covers only
about so per cent of the value of the
property with an insurance clause maxi
ing the owner liable for his uninsured
percentage of any loss.
With n base rate of IN cents for
each 800 OF insurance the riot policy
costs anywhere from "a to so cents. In
addition to the base rate there Is the
inherent hazard rate, varying accord
ing to the property, whether or not 1t Is
mill constructed or fireproof and its
location. Whether or not q plant has
sprinkler apparatus or is considered
a good or bad fire risk makes little diff
ference on a riot insurance rate, which
Is computed on the likelihood of damage
from explosion or bombing. In some
instances third class of insurance is
being demanded, use and occupancy or
rental insurance, which covers the owner
against loss of profits during non-occu-
pancy caused by the strike.
For the most part the business COM
ing from Pittsburg is ON property in the
Johnstown and Sharon mills districts
and is from all classes of property own
ers except the larger steel mills, which,
like the Upited States Steel Corpora
ton, are supposed to be carrying their
own fire and damage risk and are not
bothering with any loss Of profits Incl
dent 70 the strike. -ee-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-22
ROBBERS, LOCATED
BY PLANES, ESCAPE
500 Persons Chase Three
Who Looted Bank.
Special Despatch to The Sun .

OMAHA, Sept. 21.-The Spectacular
man hunt, which has been In progress be.
tween Omaha and Lincoln since Satur.
day noon, and In which five Sheriffs. fiftv
deputies and 500 farmers in automoblles
and two airplanes are taking part, was
still under way tonight, but the three
bank robbers for whom the Sheriffs are
searching have not yet been arrested.
With the aid of the airplanes the rob.
bers were cornered In corn field Satur.
day afternoon, but managed to escape
during a storm last night. The search
was renewed at daylight to-day the air.
planes sweeping back and forth across
the country. Twice the aviators located
the robbers, but each time they escaned
into the woods along the Platte River
One time the robbers were seen cross.
ing the river in a boat, but got to IN,
shore before the Sheriff could reach
them. They got within a few miles from
Lincoln early this morning, but were
forced to turn back and are thought to.
night to be within twenty miles Of
Omaha.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-22
CITY JITNEYS START
CROSS TOWN ROUTES
Service Inaugurated on Three
Lines Abandoned by Metro
politan Railways. f

Typical jitney buses took up the work
Of the discontinued surface car lines
yesterday along Spring. Delaney. Madi-
son and Chambers streets and Avenue c
and took aboard all they could hold in
side and could offer clinging space to
outside.
The buses were operated on sched-
ule of five minutes Roadway. and main
talned this well. with the exception of
the noon hour when pauses between
buses were ten or fifteen minutes. Each
bus seats Afteen persons comfortably.
There were forty of them intended for
operation in the morning when Grover
H. Whalen put the first line In operation
at o'clock at the foot OF Delaney
street. Twenty more were added during
the day,
Most of the buses were assembled be-
fore o'clock at the Municipal Building.
Many Of them bore signs which located
their previous hunting ground in New
ark. Newly painted signs, however.
made plain OF what New York city lines
they were to be parts.
Madison and Chambers street line
nVe cents" read the promise spring
and Delaney street line Ave cents," was
the wording of the announcement that
greeted East Siders.
In the forenoon, the buses were noe
crowded. Some bore four passengers.
some ten. But as the day grew older
the new system OF transportation at
tracted increasing attention and num-
bers of fares By o'clock the buses
were rolling along loaded to the doors.
An eastbound Spring and Delaney
street conveyance got the days prize
and the little tin medal when It crossed
the Bowery with twenty-six persons
squeezed in tight and hanging on. Tns
crowdedness was 30 much better than
that in the subway In the rush hours
that onlookers drew comparisons
The Avenue C route from Desbrosses
street ferry 10 the East Twenty third
street ferry was operated on a fifteen
minute Roadway schedule during the
day. Most of the buses en- route from
the city's West Side 'front.' turned at
Eleventh street. When, however. pas
sengers said they were bound for the
Twenty-third street ferry. II was not In
| frequently that they were taken there.
The buses maintained an all night SER
vice and, 1t was announced. will con-
tinue to do SO.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-09-22
N. Y. STATE TROOPERS
GUARD LACKAWANNA
Steel Companies Will Attempt
to Operate Plants.

IAcKAwANNA, N. Y. Sept 2f.--After
a conference between Major George F.
Chandler, commander of the State police.
and Mayor John A. Toomey, II was an
nounced- tonight that eight State troop
ers will be assigned tomorrow TO patrol
the vicinity of the Lackawanna Steel
plant. The plant has special police
force of more than $50 men. and the
Lackawanna city police force. is being
strengthened.
IF there is to be any bloodshed let
the other side start it," said VIII lam J.
Grifflths, American Federation Of Labor
organizer. speaking at meeting to-day
The unions asserts that large majority
of the employees at the Lackawanna
plant and at those Of the Rogers Brown
Iron Company, the Bonner Steel Com
pany and the Buffalo Stag Company in
Buffalo will quit
Beyond saying that their plants would
be open for operation tomorrow steel
company officials declined to discuss the
strike situation. None would comment
on the union leaders contention that 70
per cent of the men In the Lackawanna
plant are organized.