davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-05-18
oobe horoughae Proposed Next Step Boadways Evolution

n ROADWAY is such AN old New
X York institution that people
have almost got out Of the
habit Of giving it thought. Now, how
ever, since the good old street has ac-
CURED going subways throughout its
entire length and its pavements, thank
goodness, have been promised lon
geyity, the true Broadwayites are
thinking about it.
Some Of them have reached the con-
cluslon that the green cars south OF
Forty second street ought to be re-
moved and surface transit returned to
the bus period, with the difference that
gasolene replace horses. The Broad
way Association is giving attention to
the proposal which has come from
many sources as a part of the thought
survey being conducted by the, assoc
citation preparatory to the development
OF programme of work.
This plan, It Is urged, has a prepon-
toranre Of evidence in its favor. In
View II the fact that reports compiled
Nv the Public Service Commission
show that in the course OF the last
two years revenue losses for all sur
face lines on Broadway approximate
Il per cent, as compared with an av-
GRACE loss for all Manhattan surface
hn'' Of between 10 and IA per cent,
tho owner Of the New York city lines
might almost consider This an altruis-
lie thought. Through the resulting
augmented traffic on other north. and
south lines, with reduction in rela-
The sun., 1919-05-18

stabbed next the landlords COW when
we heard the unwelcome truth, The
hill crest village was indeed Moresnet
.-the Belgians' Moresnet. The Neu
trality OF Moresnet was yonder there
In the green vale, a wedge shaped
buffer between Belgium and Germany.
We could not miss IL II we asked the
way TO the town of Kelmls, in the
Neutrales Gebiet,
So again we took the road and
rolled down hill on a calcium path
until. at the lend OF a ''httle half
hour" we reached a white hotel Just
under the moon 1t was a clean hotel;
II had good sheds, an arbor dining
room and a most capable chef For six
contented days we claimed its hos
pitality whilewe explored the alluring
pyramid OF land that for a hundred
years has defed all political precedent.
Moresnet's Mineral Riches.
To a faulty survey Neutral Moresnet
owes its novel existence, but to its val :
liable deposits Of zinc and pyrites is
ascribed the maintenance Of Its indi-
viduality for ten decades. Tho COM
hiNiHts ShuI SIS" up CclltuTleS ago
about the famous mines took the name
Calamine or Kelmis, which. translated
from the French and the Flemish,
means zinc. Title to the mining prop
erty was held by France between the
years 1873 and 1914. In Napoleon's
reign this valley. intersected by the
road from Liege to Aix-la -Chapelle-
seat Of Charlemagne-was bounded by
three French departments. After tho
Empires fall the Congress Of Vienna
apportioned part Of the eastern ter
ritory Of France to Prussia and Hol-
land. Article LXVI., which defined the
Dutch spoils. failed to explain that the
demarking line. on reaching the upper
western limit. should join the line in
tersecting the boundary of the French
Canton OF Aubel. in the Department OF
Ourthe. In determining tho bounda-
ries the commissioners had worked
from defective charts; there was a seq
ment comprising about fourteen hun
dred acres that came under dispute
Neither Holland nor Prussia would
surrender the wedge to the other, as
both countries coveted the Mine of the
| Old Mountain. Parleys effected no set
The sun., 1919-05-18

tive operating expenses, they might |
gain by the adoption of the proposal.
In the opinion OF certain Broadway
merchants the street should become
an automobile thoroughfare. Motor
ISIS do not now choose Broadway be-
low Times Square MS a through street
because OF the surface cars. They
would be inclined TO do SO, however,
owing to the congestion on Fifth ave-
nue and because OF the fact that
Broadway is a diagonal street and
therefore the shortest line between
many points if the slow moving tank"
cars were removed. Broadway is al
ready a mo truck" street.
Broadway has always been a diffi-
cult street to satisfy in matters Of
transportation. 1t is long and its in
terests are varied. They are more va
ried than those of any other street in
New York. 1t is not only the longest
street in Manhattan. but crossing the
island like the sash on a decorated
banqueter II bisects every district,
the financial, jobbing, manufacturing,
retail, amusement and hotel and resi-
Dental and educational. II has a day
transportation problem and night
transit problem. Its history is that of
Manhattan. Growing pains have been
an atfliction of Broadway for more
than a century
First Interurban Line.
It is a little more than a century
since the first interurban transit line
| was opened on Broadway for profit,
1t was a stage TO Harlem. In 1911
there appeared an advertisement OF n
stage TO Greenwich Village. The
| first stage 10 make trips between
Bowling Green and Bloomingdale. in
! the upper part of Manhattan, was put
on in 1919, exactly 100 years ago,
Soon stages were running 10 other
parts Of the island. A firm composed
of Messrs. Kipp 6 Bond carried on
| the business. For travel in the grow
ing town they substituted omnibuses
! for stages on Broadway in 1880. the
route then extending from Bowling
| Green to Blocker street.
The buses resembled the titneys OF
| to-day in one respect at least. Their
| entrances were on the side. This was
like the older railroad cars OF Europe
an adaptation from the stage coach
Small boys combined business with
pleasure by serving as fare collectors
Those who worry about increased
fares will be interested in learning
that the buses Of those days were
something OF a luxury. the fare being
a shilling, or approximately twelve
and one-half cents. for the journey
from tho Battery TO Bleecker street.
They were not unlike present day
The sun., 1919-05-18

the schemes OF Jake" Sharp and his
fellow promoters. They had recourse
to the courts.
The courts enjoined the company
from building tho road. The Aldermen
and assistant Aldermen to the number
of twoscore earned for themselves
the title of 1.-The Forty Thieves" by
their persistence in granting the fran
chise over the veto OF the Mayor. a
franchise which gave the city the
short end OF the deal.
THE Forty Thieves" found that
contempt of court was something with
teeth in 1t. Then Commodore Wander
bilt obtained a franchise from the
Alderman for the. extension OF his
Fourth avenue surface line. the first
In the city down Broadway from
Union Square to the, Battery. He
opened up the block between Thir-
teenth and Fourteenth streets, and an
! injunction left that portion OF Broad
The sun., 1919-05-18

tlement. so a provisional arrangement
was signed June rs, 1915. STIMULATING
that the sharks tooth OF mining and
farm land should belong to no one at
all until the matter could be adjudi-
Gated. This was the birth certificate
OF Moresnet Neutral.
When Belgium rcvolted In 1880 and
separated from Holland the neutral
rights Of Holland in Moresnet fell to
the new nation. Two commissioners
Of Prussia and Belgium were author
lied to choose alternately a native son
of the territory as executive. A mu
nicipal council was to collect taxes and
disburse the funds OF Kelmis, the only
town in the strange little realm.
Townsfolk and farmers dwelling In
this taxpayers Elysium have never
paid State. inheritance or income
taxes. They have paid tribute on
doors and windows" on personal
property. on dogs OF burden and a
small church tax. The ratio per per-
son has not varied since 1915.
Some day" said the joint COVER
nors. "the Moresnetians will be granted
The sun., 1919-05-18

IN TIE MINE OF. TIE
ClD MOUNTAIN, kELMtS.
BUT FOR THIS MINE J..
TIE NEUTRALITY OF 3.
MOREShET WOULD NEVER
HAVE EMSTEO...

were liberal They paid good wages
| They built a lyceum for the workers
Strikes and socialistic murmurs were
| unheard of under the government Of
the Old Mountain Mine.
The population increased to four
thousand. But with n jealous eye on
the emigrants that hoped to escape
| military obligation, the Powers decreed
! that foreign-born inhabitants should
retain the nationality OF their fathers,
| and owe TO their respective countries
the prescribed years In their army's
| service. Descendants OF foreignb born
| inhabitants had no nationality II born
on the soil of Moresnet Neutral. They
could secure nationality only by be-
| coming naturaliZed in some other
country. II q criminal fed from Bel
GUM or Germany into Moresnet he
could not be extradited. But II q
citizen OF Moresnet escaped TO a for
many had the right to demand his re-
turn.
Important cases at law were sub
mitted to a judge in Belgian Nerviers
or German Aachen (Aix- -Chapelle)
| we were told. Judgment was rendered
however, not according to tho laws
Of these countries, but according TO the
| Code Napoleon, which was in force
when Neutral Moresnet came into be-
Ing. and is the law OF the Neutrality
to-day. The old French code omiti
to name offences little known in 1915
and imposes heavy punishments fol
certain deeds not now considered helm
Gus. Drunkenness Is not punishable
In Moresnet. The failure Of the code
to name a punishment for gambling
, led TO an invasion OF the territory bS
, professional gentlemen of chance n
1903 and some exciting scenes followed
, before they were elected by the
Belgo- Prussian suzerains.
The dissolution OF Moresnet has beer
imminent for several years. The
, mines, first exploited in 1414, are dead
"They offer no longer any cause fol
The sun., 1919-05-18
Moresnet Neutral, Political Already Ended by the
oldest Realm in
Europe to Become
Part of Belgium
After a Century's
Freedom From
Burdens of State
By r. w. THOMPSON.

Y the edicts Of peace a political
X Already established a hundred
- years ago in q vale OF western
n,,,rore IS TO be blotted out. Its
,rontiers inscribed upon no map, own
,ng allegiance 10 no ruler since Napo-
lam Norcsnet Neutral Is to become a
part of Belgium.
Wars alarms had not startled the
world when we found ourselves one
summer day in leafy Brussels re-
treat. Outside the pavilion where we
slipped afternoon coffee roadster
pulsated TO be of on promised adven-,
ture. But We dailicd,' for this fasci-
mating conversation arlfted from a
nelghboring table; g., H.. -,..
"A land, you say, unknown to
trayellers?" ." pf e..
Though It borders their daily
track. e. d. The error Of map makers
gave it birth. The greed Of nations
set watch TO preserve It
AN accidental state.
UNIQUE in international history It's
citizenry is without, nationality. - 1t
has two flags and no flag. Sharing
neither the prerogatives of arpenarchy
nor the privileges of a republic, II is
more independent than republic or
monarchy" 20 a:&.'
As the speakers rose and strolled
out, the members Of our party
surprised each, other in attitudes OF
curiosity. Without doubt here was q
goal worthy OF our tires, but which
way lay the routea There were guide
hooks under the roadstcr's seae.- but
Not on tho map" memory taunted
"At the heart of Europe. ;" tive
flags. :. =" "A hidden domain. -"
Inquiry brought only shake Of
puzzled heads. Tourist agencies. ever
the Consulate staff were dumb wher
we asked. "Direet us,, please, to a
dominion. independent, yet doubly gov
ened; a European country. of nc
nationality: a mystery land undis-
covered by the American tourist"
On Right Trail at Last.
The Republic of San Marine wa!
proposed and the feudal State o.
Andorra. Spain and France joint,
administer the latter. but the Pyreneel
are far from the heart OF Europe
Though our accidental state" con
tinued TO elude us, We. pursued oul
geographical quest. At last We gained
hint from Belgian monsieur. 81
cannot be Luxembourg" he srenected
RSsaied by our inquiry. "And OF
course not the monarchy Of Monaco
nor the barony Of Lichtenstern. Yot
arc sure 1t Is in Europe?" We wer'
sure of nothing but that Then
fear'-IIe looked dubious. 'TUnless-
We took courage. Somewhere thinl
have read of land your description
recalls
The name he did not know--ot TIL
direction only he was sure. To tn
The sun., 1919-05-18

used TO SNOWFALL the passengers when
the fancy suited them.
kipp h Bond apparently were the
McAdoos OF their time. They believed
that popularity was an asset. They
did everything they could to deserve
II, even 10 the staging OF an occa-
sional race. Their popularity, particu-
larly with the thestregoers. was
manifested in an unusual way when
their stables were burned in 1S4s. a
benefit performance was given in the
Broadway Theatre for them.
AS II It was the logical method of
travel for Broadway, the stage re-
manned longer on the street than upon
any other in the city. There are peo-
pie living who remember them, and
they are not old either. While the
car was destined to drive tho bus from
the streets of the city. 1t was not able
TO do so on Broadway until the sos
Broadway did not take kindly tc
The sun., 1919-05-18

car lines when they were proposed
in 1850. 1t took Jake Sharp more
than thirty years and cost him huge
sums in brides and a term in prison
to get tracks down. 1t is a long tale,
the account OF tho persistence with
which this promoter pursued his prof.
ect.
Although he and his associates OBJ
tanned a franchise in 1852 from the
Board OF Aldermen permitting them
TO lay a double track from South
FERRY TO Fifty-seventh street. and
thereafter TO continue along the
Bloomingd road to Manhattanville,
II was not until June 20. 1885, that
the bus disappeared from Roadway
and Juno FL, following day. that the
first street car logged with juggling
bells along the old thoroughfare 70
Fifty-seventh street Broadway was
the principal residential street. Its
! inhabitants had strong objections to
The sun., 1919-05-18

the pants, equipment anu IN
Dor heretofore employed for the pro-
duction Of beer. Many brewerIes are
considering and some have begun the
manufacture of maltese sugar strip,
which requires but little additional
equipment and which utilizes barley,
one of the principal materials used In
the making of beer.
Maltese is a sugar which In addition
to being sweet has R pleasant flavor
and otherwise resembles cane sugar.
1t can he used to advantage in numer-
Gus food products. The hreweries be-
ing already equipped with much of
the machinery necessary for the man
ufacture of maltese, and as their en-
ployees are acquainted with most OF
the processes, the conversion OF tho
maltese from the starch in barley.
corn, &c. is a simple matter.
Maltese propaganda on anything
like large scale was begun by ex-
perts Of the United States Department
OF Agriculture when the sugar short
age became acute eighteen months
ago. They recommend its use, in tho
strip form. in soft drinks, in ice cream
and confections. in bread making and
as table sirup. Recently brewers
have been making pilgrimaSes 10
Washington 10 consult the experts OF
the Department both on matters Of
converting plants and Of outlets for
the product.
The hreweries have heretofore used
in beer making about 100000 BUSH
els OF barley annually, more than one
fourth OF the crop. The maltese in
dustry. when developed, is likely 70
furnish a market for an equal guam
tity.
The sun., 1919-05-18
Cars in Favor of Motor

way in the condition so familiar in
these later days for two years. The
condition was "frightful," according to
one chronicler, but those were the be-
ginnings OF the Public be ID
period.
Then Jake" Sharp was able to run
cars for distance above Union
Square. but the necessity of obtaining
the consent OF property owners below
the square greatly interfered with his
plans. In 1888 he succeeded in Sc
curing from the Legislature a general
railroad act which permitted the Alder
men to OFFER the franchise of a street
railway for sale at auction IL they so
desired.
The New York Aldermen in August
1888, with only one dissenting vote;
gave permission To lay tracks in
Broadway. The Mayor vetoed the
resolution. On August 80 eighteen of
tho Aldermen met secretly and passed
the resolution granting the franchise
no notices OF the meeting having been
sent to the Aldermen opposed to the
grant. or course, the city got little
for the franchise, for which $4,000, 900
had once been offered. An Injunction
was sought. The Supreme Court
named a commission to investigate.
Subsequent information revealed that
the court commission contained men
interested in the project. Naturally
they favored II and Jake" Sharp got
from the court what he wanted
Sharp. true to his name, did not let
the grass OF Bowling Green grow UNI
der his feet. Track and equipmen
were quickly obtained and on June
81 1885. horse car trundled up 10
Fifty-seventh street Despite the
sudden collapse of Sharp's memory
regarding the drawing OF checks for
a half million. a State Senate invcs-
tigation revealed that the franchise
had been secured fraudulently through
bribery Of the Aldermen, only two OF
whom were found TO be free from
faint. Fines and Imprisonment were
the fate of the guilty ones, including
Sharp.
Advent of Cable Cars.
BY this time horse cars were be-
coming Anticipated and within five
years the street was torn up agar
| for the cable, For months the tangled
"in'ards" OF the thoroughfare were
exposed. The first cable cars were
run in June. 1893. The cable wa:
unsatisfactory and. following a break
down in the Houston street power
house on September 8, 1898. which
| led to a temporary return to horst
I cars, a system of underground cleo
trio traction was adopted. Work he
gan exactly tiVe years after the In
stallation Of the cable system. Fol
The sun., 1919-05-18

nifty native born inhabitants
TO enjoy freedom from national taxes
and military service. 1t was not long,
however before the Belgians, the
Dutch and the Prussians employed in
the highly productive mines moved
their families across their several Dor
der lines to share the advantages of
the autochtones. The mine operators
The sun., 1919-05-18

the right TO bequeath themselves and
their fertile territory to one or the
other of their foster parents" So
Morosnet's neighbors have zealously
wooed her favor. over the frontier
fence many a special privilege has
been handed on diplomatic tray TO this
spoiled child OF Europe.
In the beginning there were but two
The sun., 1919-05-18
New Use for Breweries

BIG problem confronting the
breweries is the utilization OF
the plants. equipment and la
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-24
BLACK CHERRIES

A large shipment of hne black
cherries. good size. sweet and
nice, about 20 to % pounds to a
=: case, per 16 IN
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-07-24

Apricots IRE practically over now
I have a fine lot on hand, how
ever, for this weeks trade. The.
best Moorpark Apricots, in nne'
condition for canning, Qno>
per basket ........... OUC=
4 basket crate. ...... $50,
Order nov II you want Apricots
or you will be unable to get any.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-08-15

UeluS SCuSl dllg ICSpOuuCu w.
The victims arc mostly children. who
with their teacher. Miss Celia West. and
several other grown persons. were en-
route to the Parkersburg City Park for
their annual outing. Owners Of auto
mobiles rushed to the scene to transport
the scalded victims Of the crash to the
local hospitals.
The street car is a total wreck and the
engine badly damaged from the impact.
A steam pipe thrust itself through the
front Of the car and then burst, throw
ing scalding steam and water on the i'm
prisoned inmates. E. F. Anderson, an
eyewitness OF the tragedy. fell dead
while engaged in breaking the car win
dows to permit the escape Of the steam
and its scalded victims.
Scenes Of pitiful anguish are numer-
Gus at the hospitals where many still
unidentified victims suffer. Many Of
the little tots are too tender in years
and too badly frightened or injured TO
tell their names. and Parkersburg police
and others are completing a tedious task
Of locating and informing the parents CT
the unfortunatea.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-08-15
Pittsburgh Street Car Men !
Went on Strike at Midnig|H

burgh appeared before the carmen IT,
day and urged that they postpone thalfs
walkout for at least twcnty-four houEoe;
during which time representatives ~
the business men would appear befeFo
the United States district court and NJ
quest the court to authorize the eecettH'
ers to increase the wages Of the m1o;
12 cents an hour. .. SC
The night shift Of motormen ana conS,
ductors. 1900 in number. met during III
day and voted to strike. The day 1l
held a session tonight and followed thS
lead Of the night men by voting TO wan
out at midnight. The vote, In each 10.
stance. was practically unanimous. an.t
On May l9 last. the day on which jeAi
was decided to submit the wage qpestiok
! to the war labor board, the receivers ok.
the company and committee repreos1tss
ing the casmen's union signed an A6roo.l
ment to the effect that any decision o.
the board after approval by the eou1t
shall be valid and binding upon ~
parties hereto"
The receivers filcd a petition D enG
late today. asking that th0 Ooe1
award Of slightly more than ~ cN016
an hour be approved. Tho court ORDER
ed the petition filed. and announced thak,
objections to the procedure could -.
ended within i've dAyh -
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-08-15
(conttnued On Page Tsn.)

anarchy. then he could be characterized
as an anarchist. Mr.. Fords object, 1t
was stated was to establish universal
peace.
Counsel for Mr.. Ford attempted to
prove that the editorial was written in
malicc-spccitic malicc--as well As the
malice assumed in the mere publication
of the editorial. To this end they
charged that the Sribunc was pro-
German and that its advocacy OF inter-
vcntion in Mexico was mask TO hide
friendship for Germany. The theory
advanced was that by Intervention
American munitions would he diverted
from tho enemies Of Germany.
Mr.. Ford did not accept the oefni-
tions Of anarchy given by Prof. Reeves.
He personally as a witness and BY
other means insisted that by anarchist
the Tribune meant tho old fashioned
bomb throwcr Of the Haymarkct square
Variety That. his lawyers insisted.
was tho impression that Tribune read
rrs would get from the editorial
Tho hearing was one Of the longest
on record according to counsel. Tran
script Of testimony approXimated 2,000.-
600 words.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1919-08-15
SENATORS To
MEET WILSON
NEXT TUESDAY
COMMITTEE ACCEPTS
PRESIDENTS OFFER
MIR, Wilson Asks That the
Fullest. Publicity Be
Given to Discussion

WASHINGTON, Aug. I4-Presi-
dent Wilson, replying tonight to
Senator Lodges request for a sp-
pointmsnt with the foreign rslatious
committee to discuss ths peace treaty
set Tuesday morning 1t 10 O'CLOCK.
Tho president stated that 1t was his
preference that tho fullest publicity
be siven the conference, % that ths
people Of tho country might bs put In
possession Of all the information ne
has about the treaty Of peace.
WASHINGTON, Aug. 14.-President
Wilson'S offer to talk over the peace
treaty with the senate foreign relations
committee finally was accepted today
At the suggestion Of Republican mem
bcrs and by a virtually unanimous vote
the comrlittee decided to inform the
president It would be glad to meet him
at his convenience 10 30 over disputed
points In the treaty and rhe League ol
Nations covenant. At the same time thu
committee voted to call additional wit
nesses and continue It's hearings.
The committee in IT'S acceptance o.
the presidents offer stipulated. how
ever that it wanted no ban Of secrecy
on the discussion. the members prefer
ring TO be free to use as they saw NJ
any information the president niigh
impart. 1t also left the way open fol
him to either receive the committee 81
the White House or come before 1t a,
th;- capitol. Chairman Lodges lett:r q
notification. saying the committee m:in'
bers would meet Mr.. Wilson lat an.
place or time" he might select. Senator
Lodge asked that some time after Mon
day he chosen. because some cimmitteS
members are out Of town.
The proposal to- consult the presi icn'
grew out of general discussion
whether the committee should continue
it's hearings or proceed to act on tht
facts already before II. Senator John
son. Republican. California. is under
stood first to have mentioned the