davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1919-06-12
FAMOUS
PEACE TREATIES
By H. IRVING KING
CONGRESS OF BERLIN, 1878.

BY H. IRVING KING
@0pyT1sht. isIs. 81 be Mcciars NsTs psnsr 81

June, took Shipka pass In July and
were defeated before Plevna in July
and September. They defeated the
Turks at Aladja Dagh In Armenia In
October and took Kars by storm In
November. Plevna fell In December
and the Russian army passed through
the Balkans, and advanced to the out
skirts of Constantinople. On March
8, 1878, a treaty was signed at San
Stefano, a little port on the sea Of
Marmora between Russia and Turkey.
Gar Was Frightened.
All the Balkan peoples, except the
Bulgarians, broke out into a tempest
of protest upon the news Of this treaty.
Austria, who saw her dream of reach
ing the Aegean gone %glimmering and
even her control Of Bosnia and Herze-
govina shared by Russia, voted co.
100000 gulden for war purposes and
prepared to seize upon Bosnia. Eng
land called out the reserves, and Dis
raeli startled Europe by bringing In
dian troops to Malta. The British
fleet steamed into the sea Of Mar
mora and lay near Constantinople.
The concert of Europe" demanded
that the treaty be submitted to a con-
gress of the powers. The coalition
of Europe against him scared the car
and he consented. The congress OF
Berlin, therefore, met June ID, 1873.
Before attending the congress Disraelt
made a secret pact with the sultan by
which England acquired complete con-
troll of Cyprus. The congress lasted
until July 10. Bismarck presided and
Disraeli, Gorchakov the Russian, and
Andrassy the Austrian were the prin-
cipal figures. Gorchakov and Dis
raeli fought each other tooth and nail.
Once the Russian created a sensation
by gathering up his papers and start
ing to leave the council DON At an
other time Disraeli startled the dele
gates by ordering a special train to
take him to Calais. When the Cyprus
convention came to light the diplomats
felt that Disraeli had tricked them.
That night he attended a reception.
AS he entered a silence fell upon the
angry buzzing Of the assembled states
men. Disraeli understood.
"Of what are you t~hinking?' asked
the Princess Radziwill."
II am thinking Of nothing" he re-
piled; 81 am enjoying myself"
The treaty as finally signed by the
congress provided that Bulgaria should
not extend south Of the Balkans and
the military occupation Of Russia was
reduced to nine months.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1919-06-12
TREATY OF ADRIANOPLE, 1929.


the Turco-Egyptian fleet. Strangely
enough, neither France, Russia nor
England had yet declared war against
Turkey, which still claimed Greece as
a Turkish province, in spite of the con-
vention Of London. The sultan, natur-
ally enough, engaged at the battle Of
Navarino, declared all treaties at an
end, and the ambassadors of the three
powers left Constantinople. Russia
declared war against Turkey in April
of 1928. A French army occupied the
Morea, but otherwise England and
France remained idle spectators of the
war which ensued.
Russian Armies Successful.
The Russian army crossed the Pruth
in May, but winter came and they
were still unable to pierce the Balkans.
The next summer, however, the Rus
SLAMS passed over the mountains and
appeared before Adrianople, which at
once surrendered. A Russian army
fighting in Asia had also been success
full. Russia had entered European
Turkey with 10000 men, but only 49,
600 Of them reached Adrianople, and
those so worn with battle and disease
that they could neither advance nor
retreat, while between Adrlanople and
Constantinople the sultan had 10000
fresh troops. Nevertheless, the car
had boosted that he had 100000 men
to loan his friends and a million and
a half to fight his enemies, and rumor
exaggerated the force of Russians be-
fore Adrianople to 10000. Turkey was
practically "bluffed" into signing q
treaty, which she did at Adrianople on
September IA, 1929, recognizing the in
dependence of Greece and granting to
Russia freedom of navigation of the
Black sea, the Danube and the OAR
danelles, and confirming and extending
the protectorate of the 2 over the
Danubian principalities. The Turkish
and Egyptian troops in Greece with
drew and the new kingdom became .
fact.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1919-06-12
Inherited Stature.

It is indicated by research that
while short parents tend on the aver
age to have short children, they may
and frequently do transmit character
istics which lack the shortening ele-
ment and have tall children. On the
other hand, children Of tall parents
are always tall. The offspring of two
very short or short parents are more
variable in stature than the offspring
Of two very tall Or tall parents. Also,
whereas the offspring Of two very
short or short parents tend, on the
average, to be less short than the
parents, the offspring Of very tall or
tall parents do not tend to be less tall.
Not only Is stature as q whole in
herited, but also, and ven more clear
", each segment of stature, such as
neck, length of torso, thigh and fore
leg. And the inheritance of the length
Of these segments follows the same
law as does the length Of stature as .
whole.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1919-06-12

Some M somewhere remarked that
the eastern question would perplex
mankind until the day of judgment.
Those fragments Of nations which
strew the Balkan peninsula are so d.
yided in race, language and traditions
that they dwell side by side In a
state of constant dIscord and belliger-
ency, no one race being able to as
simulate the others-a melting pot In
which nothing melts, but which is in
a constant state of ebullition.
In 1875 the idea Of pan-Slavism had
become a strong sentiment in Russia.
Pan-Slavism in Russia was answered
by a revival Of ~pan-Islamism in Tur-
key. Russian agents were everywhere
In the peninsula stirring up the Chris
tan populations and the Mussulman
reaction and the increased tyranny of
the porte still further excited the peo-
pies already stirred by pan-slavist
dreams.
Uprisings began; Serbia declared
war on Turkey; Montenegro and Alba
MIA flew at each others throats; the
powers interviewed and there we're con-
ferences, protocols and armistices,
while the Turks put down the upris-
ings and defeated the Serbians and
Montenegrtns with great slaughter.
The uprising in Bulgaria was put down
by the Turks with such cruelty that
the Bulgarian massacres'' stirred all
Europe. Turkey remained deaf to the
proposals Of the concert of Europe"
Declared War Against Turkey.
The patience Of the car was ex-
hausted. On April "a, 1877, he gave
orders for his armies to cross the
Turkish frontier and declared war
against Turkey. He had previously
concluded al alliance with Roumania
by which the Russian armies had the
right Of passage through that country
and the Roumunian army was to coop
crate with the army Of Russia. Eng
land had acquiesced in the Russian
move, provided the czar did not occupy
Constantinople or the Dardanelles,
let Egypt alone and recognized the
neutrality of the Suez canal. Austria
had been appeased by a secret pact
with regard to Bosnia and Herzegovina
and by the vision dangled before
her Of ar outlet on the east to
the Aegean sea at Saloniki. The os-
tensible object Of the war was to
force the porte to put into operation
under European superintendent his
promised reforms and to secure the
autonomy of the subject states.
The Russians crossed the Danube in
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1919-06-12

The modern kingdom Of Greece
came into being by a treaty signed at
Adrianople in 1929 between Russia
and Turkey, by which the Grecian cap
tivity of $50 years was ended. Most
Of this time Greece vas subject to
T%urkey-but not always. During the
latter Middle Ages the Venetians and
other foreign rulers temporarily estab-
lished their power there. in Ills the
Turks drove out the Venetians, who
had established themselves on the Gre
clan peninsula % years before, and
ruled undisturbed until the beginning
of the Greek insurrection in 1921. The
city Of Athens rose and compelled
the Turks to take refuge in the Acrop-
oils (; q constitution vas proclaimed on
the first day of the next year; All
Pasha, the Turkish general, was de-
feated and killed by the reyolutionists I;
the Turks took the revolted Island of
Solo with horrible cruelties; the
Greeks captured Napoli di Romania.
A large part of Greece fell into the
hands of the revolutionists.
The war continued, with the Greeks
generally successful, until 1925. The
Imagination of Europe had been stirred
by the idea of q revival of a nation
that was the ancient home of arts and
letters, and Byron had lent his money
and his name to the Grecian cause, to
die at Missolonghi, in the Greek serv-
ice. Russia was ready to interfere,
but the governments of the western ma
lions had no idea of making war for
sentimental reasons.
Western Powers Take Notice.
Early in 1925 Mehemit Ali, the great
viceroy of Egypt. who had an eye on
the throne of Constantinople, put IT,
900 men into the Morea under his
adopted son Ibrahim, who captured
Navarino and the Island Of Sphagia,
which lies before 1t. Early the next
year Ibrahim was Joined by n Turkish
army under Reshid Pasha and
Missolonghi was taken after q six
months siege. All that part of Greece
not occupied then by Turks and Egyp-
tians was now under the influence of
Kolokotroni, a mere Russian agent,
The western powers began to "sit up
and take notice" 1t looked as If the
car and the sultan we're about to di.
vide Greece between them. The Gre
clan question, from being n of senti-
ment had become one of practical poll.
tics.
Delegates Of Russia, France and
England met in London and, on July
q, 1927, signed a convention which
established, On paper, a kingdom Of
Greece. In August the fleets of Eng
land, France and Russia blockaded thl
ynrco-Egyptian fleet Of over 30 men
bf-war, lying in the harbor of Nava
rino. On october % the allied feet
entered the hArbor, and, after a battl
II five hours, totally destroye
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1919-06-12
Where Martln Luthsr aenned.

Martin Luther sang In the streets OF
Magdeburg. along with other church
chorlsters, for the bread and coins
that citizens might bestow. This beg
cling was the recognized means OF sup
port of the children Of the poor
schools" attended by sons Of peasants,
who obtained free lodging at the hos
pices of the church, had free tuition.
and were granted the privilege of sing
ing for their meals. In return they
were expected tossing in the choir Of
the church which supported their
school. Modern Magdeburg Is the cap
ital of the Prussian province of Sax
ony. The city was well fortified 1t Is
nearly ninety miles southwest OF Der
lin, Hes mostly on the left eank OF the
Elhe. and Is an important railway cen.
lter.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1919-06-12
SUMMARY OF TERMS

The Austrian peace treaty provides
Austria must accept the covenant o
the league of nations and the labo
charter.
She must renounce all her extra-Eu
ropean rights.
Austria must recognize the c0mplet,
independence of Hungary.
Austrian nationals guilty Of violat
ing international laws of war to b,
tried by allies.
Austria must accept economic condi
lions and freedom Of transit similar Il
those in German treaty.
Guarantees Of execution Of treat,
correspond to those in German pact.
Western and northwestern frontier
Qacing Bavaria and Switzerland un
changed.
Austria must recognize independ
ence of Czecho- Slovakia and Jugo
Slavia.
Austria is recognized as an indepen
dent republic under the name "Repub
lie of Austria"
Austria must recognize frontiers o!
Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Poland
Roumania, Czecho-S lovakia and Jugo
Slavia as at present or ultimately de
termined.
Boundaries of Austria, Czecho-Slo
vakia and Jugo-Slavia to be finally
fixed by mixed commission.
Czecho-Sloyakia and Jugo-Slavis
must agree to protect racial, religion.
and linguistic minorities. .
Both new Slav nations and Rouma
mia must assure freedom of transit
and equitable treatment Of foreign
commerce.
Brest-Litovsk treaty is annulled.
Allies reserve right OF restitution
for Russia and Austria.
Austria must abandon all financial
claims against signatories.
Entire Austro-H Hungarian navy to b,
surrendered to allies.
Future use of submarines prohib
tied.
Austria may have M military or ma
val air force.
Economic clauses in general similar
to those in German treaty. Austris
given access to Adriatic.
Penalties section identical with Ger
man treaty excepting reference to Ger
man kaiser.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1919-06-12
Her Measure Of Shame.

Little Mildred was very fond Of ripe
olives, and her mother had to watch to
see that she did not overindulge. One
day there was company, and Mildred
managed to have the olive dish stopped
near her plate.
After the meal her mother, pointing
to the pile Of pits. on Mildred's plate,
asked:
"How could you make such a pig Of
yourself? | should think you would be
ashamed to see SO many pits, AM
ashamed to have others e them"
Mildred hung her head and replied
Il was. That was the reason | threM
all the rest of them on the floor
Harper's Magazine.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1919-06-12

man treaty excepting reference to Ger
man kaiser.
Of nations covenant and the labor
charter, to renounce all her extra
European rights, to demobilize her
whole naval and aerial forces, to ad-
NIT the right Of trial by the allied
and associated powers Of her ma
tionals guilty Of violating the law and
customs of force, and to accept
detailed provisions similar to those
Of the German treaty as to economic
relations and freedom of transit.
OF the following summary part n
of the treaty containing the covenant
of the league of nations and part
twelve, containing the labor conven-
ton, are omitted as being identical
with corresponding sections Of the Ger.
man treaty. Part six, dealing with
prisoners of war and graves, and part
eleven, with aerial navigation, are also
identical except fer the substitution
of names, and are likewise omitted.
Part thirteen Of the German treaty
containing guarantees of execution is
not paralleled in the Austrian treaty
Preamble.
The preamble is longer and more
detailed than in the German summary
and Is as follows:
Whereas, on the request Of the for
mer imperial and royal Austro-Hunga-
rian government, an armistice was
granted to Austr1a-H Hungary on Novem-
Der 3, 1918. by the principal allied and
associated powers in order that a
treaty of peace might be concluded,
and,
whereas, the allied and associated
powers are equally DESTROYS that the
war In which certain among them
were successfully involved, directly or
Indirectly, against Austria, and which
originated In the declaration Of war
against Serbia On July %, 1914, by the
former imperial and royal Austro-
Hungarian government, and in the hos
Titles conducted by Germany in alli-
ance with Austria-H Hungary should be
replaced by a firm, just and durable
peace; and
Whereas, the former AustrotHun-
garian monarchy has now ceased to
exist, and has been replaced in Aus
tria by a republican government; and
Whereas, the principal allied and
associated powers have already rec
ognized that the Czecho-Slovak state,
in which are Incorporated certain por-
tions of the said monarchy, is a free,
independent and allied state; and
whereas, the said powers have rec
ognized the union of certain portions
of the said monarchy with the terri
tory of the kingdom Of Serbia as a
free, Independent and allied state, I'M
der the name of Scribe roat- Slovene
state; and
whereas, 1t is necessary while re-
storing peace to regulate the situation
which has arisen from the dissolution
Of the said monarchy and the forma-
ton of the said states, and to estab-
fish the government Of these countries
on a firm foundation of justice and
equity.
Recognized as Republic.
For this purpose the high contract
ing parties, duly named,
"Who, having communicated their
full powers, found in good and duo
form, haze agreed as follows:
"Fron the coming into force of the
present t.'eaty the state Of war will
terminate.
Austria is recognized as a new and
Independent state under the name of
the Republic Of Austria.
From that moment, and subject to
the provisions Of this treaty, official
relations will exist between the allied
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1919-06-12
Daily Thought.

In a false quarrel there is no THE
yalor.--Shakespeare
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-11
GREATER CAPITAL URGED
BEFORE THE CITY CLUB

1--WE have the greatest nation in the
world, and we should have the great
est capital" said Senator James X.
Kendrick of Wyoming, speaking yester-
day of the development of Washing
ton at the City Club on Farragut
Square. This is the first of the regu-
lar Wednesday luncheon talks by
prominent men at the club.
Senator Kendrick said that nothing
should interfere with the development
of Washington. He said that there
should be better understanding and
closer acquaintance of men in official
life and men who make up the citi-
zenship of this city.
The average American" he said.
lis still tremendously ignorant of this
country of ours" He also spoke brief
ly of the state of Wyoming, saying
that there were in that state 1000, 900
acres under irrigation and that it was
the largest producer Of wool and NUT
ton in the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-11
STRIKE CLOSES CEMETERY.
Action of Transport Union Forces
Denial of Burial of the Dead.

DUBLIN, August Fl Correspondence
of the Associated Press).-James Lar
kin having cabled from the United
States to his sister that he hoped
soon to be at home in Ireland with
the old guard" there is some disap-
pointment among his followers here
because both the United States and
British governments have refused him,
as stated. the necessary passports.
The Irish Transport Workers Union,
which he founded, meanwhile. has not
abated any of its activities in his alb
sence. and has carried out in various
parts Of Ireland a number of embar-
RAISING and sometimes successful
strikes. At present the harvest is in
danger and the cattle trade is OBJ
structed in the midland counties by
transport union walkouts of the ag-
ricultural laborers, and in Dublin
there is the novel feature Of a strike
of gravediggers belonging to this
union which has succeeded in closing
the great Catholic cemetery at Glas-
nevin.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-11

Brussels Hall & Stair
Carpet at CSC yd.
Six good patterns of
Hall and Stair Carpet,
u inches wide; all neat
all-over patterns in tan,
green and combination
colors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-11
COAST STORM AT CUBA EASES
o. S. Shipping Board Steamship
Aground-Seven Are Killed.

HAVANA, September 10 (by the AS
sociated Press).-The storm which
for two days has swept the Cuba
coast was rapidly abating tonight.
The United States Shipping Boards
steamship Hillsborough County, Capt.
Roberts is ashore fourteen miles east
of MatanZas. Tugs have gone to the
steamer. The crew Is safe. The Hills
borough County left Havana Monday
for Cardenas to take on q cargo of
sugar.
There was no news tonight con-
corning the steamer Monterey, from
New York.
The death list as a result of the
cyclone is given as seven. Three per-
sons were electrocuted by fallen wires
and four drowned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-11
PORTO RICO SEEKING
Is WIDER. LOCAL RULE

President Barcelo Of the Porto Rican
senate urged the House insular affairs
committee that Congress grant self
government in internal affairs to the
island, and that the federal farm loan
and vocational education acts be ex-
tended to it. He did not advocate en-
tire separation of the island from the
United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-11

Key Vests Property Loss
Fully Two MiIlion-One
Dead, Three Missing.

KEY WEST, Fla. September IL
With daylight today, following the
storm of yesterday, and a night of
darkness, the people Of Key West and
surrounding territory were able for
the first time to survey the destruc-
ton wrought by the hurricane that
swept through here Tuesday night.
Not house in the city had escaped
damage and many were totally
wrecked.
Conservative estimates place the
property loss at not less than two mill
lion dollars. The federal building was
badly damaged. The harbor presented
a tangled mass of fishing vessels and
other small craft, but latest reports
on the dredge Grampus. OF the four
teen men on this craft ten were res
cued last night, one body was recov-
cred and three are missing. The Brit
ish tanker Tonawanda, which had to
be scuttled to save the liner Comal
after that vessel had broken her moor
ings and gone aground, was reported
not in a bad position. The steamer
st. Gougal also broke loose.
Traffic Is ParalyZed.
No vessels had left port early day.
nor had any trains come in over the
Florida East Coast railway. In adj
dition to the temporary stoppage of
gas and electricity, the telephone serv-
ice was suspended and newspapers
were forced to suspend publication.
Some business places, all of which
were closed yesterday. including res
taurants, reopened today. A survey
today of the situation resulting from
the storm was expected to determine
whether it would be necessary to ask
outside assistance.
Forty-Five Reported Adrift.
MIAMI, Fla, September ia
wireless message received here early
this morning said forty-five persons
were adrift in small boats between
Fowey Rock lighthouse and Cape
Florida, about fifteen miles from Mi
ami. All were reported Gin distress
and without food or water. No de-
tails were given and there was moth
ing to indicate their identity, but it
was presumed they were members of
crews of ships that went down dur
ing the hurricane that swept this
section early yesterday. Boats have
left here to bring them in.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-11

Administer Rugs
Special at S5.95
Good grade high pile
Administer Rugs, with
floral, oriental and small
all-over patterns. Sizes
So by u.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-11
Real Linoleum
&c So. yd.

Twenty rolls of short
length of real burlap-
back Linoleums, 2 to 10
square yards in a piece.
Bring measurements.
-FourtA .T7esr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-11
Forty-Five Reported Adrift.
Goulds Is Hard Hit.

Eight buildings were destroyed and
thirteen partly demolished yesterday
by a tornado that struck Goulds, a
town of 500 Inhabitants, twenty-five
miles south of Miami. There were no
casualties
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-11
Prof. Norman browns in Bathing

LONDON. September 10 (via Mon
treal).-The death by accident of Fred
eric William Norman, professor Of the
English language in the University Of
Leeds, was announced today. He was
drowned while bathing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-11

Acting commissioner of fisheries
through Secretary Redf1eld has asked
Congress for an appropriation of
100000 to carry on activities of the
fisheries bureau in obtaining fish for
sale to the public and to popularize
the f1nny tribe as a table food through
extensive publicity. This is said to
be one of the steps to be taken by the
government to lower the high cost Of
living. by supplying a comparative
cheap table commodity