davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

.tions against which the average work
man of the world had revolted II
is, therefore, the task Of the states-
men Of this new day of change and
read justment to recognize world con
litions and 10 seek TO bring about,
through legislation, conditions that
will mean the ending Of age-long
antagonisms between capital and
labor. that will hopefully lead 20 the
building up Of comrade ship which
will result not only in greater con-
tcntment among the mass Of work
men but also bring about a greator
production and a greater prosperity
to business itself.
To analyze the particulars in the
demands Of labor is to admit the
justice of their complaint in many
matters that lie At rhcir basis The
workman demands adequate wage,
sufficient to permit him to live in
comfort, unhampered by the fear Of
poverty and want in old age
He demands the right to live and
the right to work amid sanitary
surroundings, both in home and in
work shop, surroundings that develop
and do not retard his own health and
wcll-being; and the right to provide
for his children's wants in the mat
tors of health and education. In
other words, it is his desire TO make
the conditions of his life and the
lives of those dear to him tolerable
and easy 10 bear.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

ing lives and health in a dangerous
industry. 1t must now help in the
difficult task of finding method
that will bring about genuine de-
mocratization of industry based upon
the full recognition of the right Of
those who work, in whatever rank, to
participate in some organic way in
every decision which directly affects
their welfare 1t is with this pur-
pose in mind that | called a confer
cncc to meet in Washington on De
ccmber /, to consider these problems
in all their broad aspects, with the
idea of bringing about better un-
derstanding between these two in
tereSts.
Tho great unrest throughout the
world. out Of which has emerged a
demand for an immediate consider
alton of the difficulties between cap
ital and labor, bids us put our own
house in order. Frankly, there can
be no permanent and lasting settle
mcnts between capital and labor
which do not recognize the funda
mental concepts for which labor has
been struggling through the years.
The whole world gave its recognition
and Endorsement to these funda-
mental purposes in the league Of
nations.
The statesmen gathered at Yer
saillcs recognized the fact that world
stability could not be had by revert
ing to industry standards and condi-
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03
Labor and Capital

No one who has observed the march
of events in the last year can fail to
note the absolute need Of definite
program to bring about an improve
ment in the conditions Of labor
There can be no settled conditions
leading to increased production and
reduction in the cost of living If
labor and capital ar to be antago-
nsts instead Of partners.
Sound thinking and an honest de
sire to serve the interests of the
whole nation, as distinguished from
the interests Of a class, must be
applied to the solution of this great
and pressing problem. The failure Of
other nations to consider this matter
in a vigorous way has produced
bitterness and jcalousics and antag-
onisms, the food of radicalism. The
only way to keep men from ag-
tating against grievances is to re-
move the grievances.
An unwllingness even to discuss
these matters produces only dissatis-
faction and gives comfort to the cx-
treme elements in our country which
order TO provoke governments to cm-
bark upon a course Of retaliation and
repression.
The seed of revolution is rcprcs-
sion.
The remedy for these things must
not be negative in character. 1t must
be constructive. 1t must comprehend
the general interest. The real anti
dotc for the unrest which manfests
itself is not suppression. but a deep
consideration of the wrongs that be
set our national life and the applica-
ton Of remedy.
Congress has already shown its
Willingness to deal with these indus
trial wrongs by establishing the
cight-houv day as the standard in
every field Of labor. 1t has sought
to find way to prevent child labor
It has served the whole country by
leading the way in developing the
means of preserving and safeguard
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

oughly knit monopoly, capable of cx-
crcising a competition of peculiarly
insidious and dangerous kind.
During the war the farmer per-
formed vital and willing service to
the nation. BY materially increasing
the production of his land, he sup
piled America and the Allies with ,he
increased amounts of food necessary
to keep their immense armies in the
field. He indispcnsably helped to
win the war. But there is now
scarcely less need of increasing the
production in food and the neccs-
sares of life. | ask the Congress to
consider means of encouraging effort
along these lines. The Importance
of doing everything possible to pro-
mote production along economic
lines, to improve marketing and to
make rural life more attractive and
hcalthful is obvious. | would urge
approval Of the plans already pro-
posed to the Congress by the Secre-
tary of Agriculture to secure the
essential facts required for the
proper study Of this question,
through the proposed enlarged pro-
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

case, if the work is to be properly
done and responsibility concentrated
instead of divided, rest upon the En-
cutive. The budget so prepared
should be submitted to and approved
or amended by single committee Of
each house Of Congress and no single
appropriation should be made by the
Congress except such as may have
been included in the budget prepared
by the Executive or added by the
particular committee of Congress
charged with the budget legislation.
Another and not less simportant
aspect of the problem is the ascer-
tainmcnt of the economy and ef-
ticiency with which the moneys ap-
propriated are expended. Under cx-
isting law the only audit is for the
purpose of asccrtaining whether ex-
pendituNs have been lawfully made
within the appropriations. No one is
authorized or equipped to ascertain
whether the money has been spent
wisely. economically and effectively.
The auditors should be highly trained
officials with permanent tenure in
the Treasury Department., free of
obligations to or motives of consid-
Grafton for this or any subsequent
administration, and authorized and
empowered to examine into and make
report upon the methods employed
and the results obtained by the
executive departments of the gov
ernment. Their reports should be
made to the Congress and to the
Secretary of the Treasury.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

income and profits taxes can in peace
times be effectively productive Of
revenue. and whether they may not,
on the contrary, be destructive of
business activity and productive of
waste and ineficicncy.
There is a point at which in peace
times high rates of income and
profits taxes discourage energy, re-
move the incentive to new enter
PRISE, encourage eXtravagant expendi-
lures and produce industrial stagna-
ton, with consequent unemployment
and other attendant evils.
The problem is not an easy one. A
Fundamental change has taken place
with reference to the position Of
America in the worlds affairs. The
prejudiccs and passions cngcndercd
by decades of controversy between
two schools Of political and economic
thought-the one believes in protcc-
tion of American industries. the
other believes in tariff for revenue
only-must be subordinatod to the
single consideration of the public
interest in the light of utterly
changed conditions.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

grams for farm management studies
and crop estimates.
| would urge also the continuance
Of Federal participation in the build
ing of good roads, under the terms
of existing law and under the dircc-
tion of present agencies; the need
Of further action on the part
of the states and the Federal
government to preserve and develop
our forest resources, especially
through the practice of better for
estry methods on private holdings
and the extension of the publicly
owned forests; better support for
country schools and the more definite
direction of their courses of study
along lines related to rural problems,
and fuller provision for sanitation
in rural districts and the building
up of needed hospital and medical
facilities in these localities. Per-
haps the way might be cleared for
many of these desirable reforms by
fresh, comprehensive survey made
of rural conditions by a conference
composed of representatives of the
farmers and Of the agricultural agen-
cics responsible for leadership.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03
League ofNaions Lays Down Basis
OfLndustrial Peace by Cancellation

The establishment Of the princ-
pies regarding labor laid down in the
covenant of the league of nations
offers us the way to Industrial peace
and conciliation. No other road lies
open to us. Not TO pursue this one
Is longer to invite cnmities, bitter
ness and antagonisms, which in the
end only lead to industrial and So
cial disaster. The unwilling work
man is not a profitable servant An
employee whose industrial life is
hcdgei about by hard and unjust
conditions, which he did not create
and over which he has no control,
lacks that fine spirit of enthusiasm
and volunteer effort which are the
necessary ingredients of great pro
ducing entity. Let US be frank about
this solemn matter. The evidences
of world wide unrest which manifest
themselves in violence throughout
the world bid us pause and consider
the means to be found to stop the
spread of this contagious thing be
fore it saps the very vitality of the
nation itself.
Do we gain strength by withhold
ing the remedy? Or is it not the
business of statesmen to treat these
manifestations of unrest which meet
us on every hand as evidences Of an
economic disorder and to apply CON
structive remedies wherever neces-
sary, being sure that in the appica-
ton Of the remedy we touch not the
vital tissues. OF our industrial and
economic life. There can be no re
cession of the tide Of unrest until
constructive instrumentalitics are
set up to stem that tide
Governments must recognize the
right OF men collectively to bargain
for humane objects that have at their
base the mutual protection and well
fare of those engaged in all indus
tries. Labor must not be longer treat
ed as a commodity. 1t must be re
garded as the activity of human be
ings, possessed of deep ycarnings and
desires.
The business man gives his best
thought to the repair and replensh-
ment Of his machinery, so that its
usefulness viii not be impaired, aud
its power to produce may always be
at its height and kept in full vigor
and motion. No less regard ought TO
be paid to the human l1achine which
after all propels the machinery Of
the world and is the great dynamic
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03
Text of the President s MESSAGE
Urging Action on Internal Affairs

WASHINGTON, Dec. e.--Following is
the tcrt o. the Presidents message to
Congress:
TO THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES,
/ sincerely REGRET that cannot be
present at the opening Of this ses-
sion of the Congress. | am thus pre-
vented from presenting in as direct
way as | could wish the many ques.
tions that are pressing for solution
at this time. Happily. | have the
advantage of the advice Of the heads
of the several executive departments,
who have kept in close touch with
affairs in their detail and whose
thoughtful recommendations | ear
nestly second.
In the matter OF the railroads and
the reimbursement of their affairs
growing out of Federal control, shall
take the liberty at a later day Of ad-
dressing you.
| hope that CONGRESS- will bring to
conclusion at tAis session lcgisla-
tion looking to the establishment of
budget system. That there should
be one single authority responsible
for the making of all appropriations
and that appropriations should be
made not independently of each other,
but with reference to one single COM
prehensive plan of expenditure prop
crly related to the nations income,
there can be no doubt.
believe the burden Of preparing
the budget must, in the nature of the
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

would not like a split with him on such
an important party question. and since
also the executive departments arc
ciamorlng for more money that the
present scale of taxation will bring into
the Treasury.
The Republicans pointed out that in
the same breath the President makes
an argument in favor of reducing the
high taxes on excess profits and in
comes and urges that the present scale
be continued for another year.
The President in discussing the un-
rest that prevails in the country
favored restrictions on extremists. but
said that there should be neither un-
due curtailing of personal liberties nor
leniency toward crime or meters of
crime. He advised Congress not to be
too drastic, but to seek rather to re
move the causes of unrest.
The delivery of the message to Con-
gress was rather perfunctory, the
clerks reading it in the House and
Senate chambers. In the House there
was scattered applause from the
Democratic side from time to time.
and about thirty seconds OF sustained
applause at the end. In the Senate
the rule against applause was observed
1t was in vivid contrast with the mes
sages which the President has read in
person 10 JOINT EallerleS OF the two
houses. which are always characterized
by packed galleries and vigorous DEM
onstrations Of approval.
Rouses democratic Criticism
More space was devoted to a dis
cussion of the labor situation than
anything else, but there were no spc-
cltc recommendations unless the in
slstence that the labor sections of the
peace treaty should be approved is
counted as one.
This was one Of the few portions of
the message which aroused any oppo-
Sltion on the Democratic side Senator
Thomas of Colorado. who voted against
ratification of the treaty because it
contained these very sections, ex-
pressed surprise that the President
had taken this position, while Senator
hlng OF Utah could not approve the
idea OF an international tribune pass
Ing on American labor questions.
On two questions, the treatment of
returned soldiers and the protection
OF the American chemical and dye in
duStries. the message quoted para
graphs from the lrosident's last mes
sage to Congress. In addition TO these
the message renews, without quota
tons. the recommen ndations previously
made with regard to extension of the
food control legislation, for a national
cold storage act, and for an act com
pelllng prices to be marked on articles
shlpped IN interstate commerce.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03
Reduce Income and Profits Taxes
HIhey Destroy Business Actiuity

| trust that the Congress will give
its immediate consideration to the
problem of future taxation. Simpl-
hcaton of the income and profits
taxes has become an immediate ne
cessity These taxes performed in
dispensable service during the war
They must, however, be simpifed,
not only to save the taxpayer in
convenience and expense, but in order
that his liability may be made certain
and definite.
With reference to the details of the
revenue law. the Secretary Of the
Treasury and the Commissioner of
Internal Revenue will lay before you
for your consideration certain
amendments necessary or desirable
in connection with the administra-
ton Of the Recommendations
which have my approval and support
1t is of the utmost Importance that in
dealing with this matter the present
law should not be disturbed so far as
regards taxes for the calendar year
1920, payable in the calendar year
1921. The Congress might well con
slider whether the higher rates of in
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03
Tariff Should Be Lozu TO Protect
America s Full Gy01Un Industries

Before the war America was heav-
ily the debtor Of the rest Of the
world, and the interest payments she
had to make TO foreign countries on
American securities held abroad the
expenditures of American travellers
abroad and the ocean freight charges
she had to pay to others about bal
anced the value Of her pre-war ia
vorablc balance Of trade During the
war Americas exports have been
greatly stimulated and increased
prices have increased their value.
On the other hand she has purchased
a large proportion of the American
securities previously held abroad,
has loaned some S900O,O00 600 to
foreign governments and has built
her own ships. Our favorable bal
ance Of trade has thus been greatly
increased and Europe has been de-
prived of the means Of meeting it
heretofore existing.
Europe can have only three ways
of meeting the favorable balancesof
trade in peace times: by imports into
this country Of gold or Of goods or
by establishing new credits Europe
is in no position at the present time
to ship gold to us, nor could we CON
template large further imports of
gold into this country without con-
Germ. The time has nearly passed for
international government loans. and
it viii take time to develop in this
country market for foreign sccuri-
ties. Anything, therefore, which
would tend to prevent foreign coun-
tries from settling for our exports
by shipments Of goods into this coun-
ivy could only have the effect of pre-
venting them from paying for our
exports and therefore of preventing
the exports from being made.
The productivity OF The country.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03
Recognition ard e I:ef for Soldiers
Is Practical Question for Sol.*tion

There are other matters of i'm
portance upon which | urged action
at the last session Of Compress which
are still pressing for solution ! am
sure it is not necessary for me again
to remind you that there is one I'M
mediate and very practicable ques-
ton resulting from the war which We
should meet IN the most liberal spirit
1t is a matter of recognition and re.
lief to our soldiers. can do no
better than to quote from my last
message urging this very action
1--WE must see to it that our re-
turning soldiers are assisted in every
practicable way to find the places for
which they are fitted in the daily
work of the country. This can be
done by developing and maintaining
upon an adequate scale the admirable
organization created by the Depart
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

ment of Labor for placing men seek
ing work, and it can also be done, in
at least one very great ncld, by
creating new opportunities for indi-
vidual enterprise.
"The Secretary of the Interior has
pointed out the way by which return
ing soldiers may be helped to find
and take up land in the hitherto un-
developed regions of the country
which the Federal government has
already prepared or can readily pre-
pare for cultivation and also on many
Of the cut-ovcr or neglected areas
which lie within the limits of the
older states; and once more take
the liberty OF recommending very
urgently that his plans shall receive
the immediate and substantial sup
port OF the Congress"
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

greatly stimulated by the war. must
find an outlet by exports to foreign
countries, and any measures taken to
prevent imports VIII iNcVitably cur
tan exports, force cVrtailment Of pro
duction load the banking machinery
of the country with credits to carry
unsold products and produce indus
trial stagnation and unemployment.
If we want to sell we must be pre-
pared to buy.
Whatever therefore, may have
been our views during the period of
g'oW'!.- Of American business CON
corning tariff legislation, We must
nov aN ASt our own economic life to
changed condition growing out of
the FAC. that American business is
ful' grown and that America is the
greatest capitalist in the world.
No policy Of isolation will satisfy
the growing needs and opportunities
Of America. The provincial stand
ards and policies of the past, which
have held American business as if in
straitiacket, must yield and give
way to the needs and exigencies of
the new day in which we live. day
full Of hope and promise for Amer
lean business if we viii but take ad-
vantage Of the opportunities that are
ours for the asking The recent war
has ended our isolation and thrown
upon Us great duty and responsible
ity. The United States must share
the expanding world markets. The
United States desires for itself only
equal opportunity with the other ma
tions of the world, and that through
the process Of friendly cooperation
and iair competition the legitimate
interests of the nations concerned
may be successfully and equitably
adjusted.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03
Tariff Legislation Should Protect
Chemical end Dyestuff5 Industries

In the matter Of tariff legislation.
beg to call your attention to the
statements contained in nay last
message urging legislation with ref
erence to the establishment of the
chemical and dyestutfs industry in
America:
Among the Industries to which
special consideration should be given
is that of the manufacture of dye
stutfs and related chemicals. Our
complete dependence upon German
supplies before the war made the in
terruption of trade cause Of ex-
ceptional economic disturbance.
THE close relation between the
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03
Curb Unrest by Granting Power to
Punish PrOftgers and Radicals

and embodying in the license, or the
conditions under which it is to be
issued, specific regulations designed
to secure competitive selling and pre-
vent uncomfortable profits in the
method of marketing. Such a law
would afford welcome opportunity
to effect other much needed reforms
in the business Of interstate ship
ments and in the methods of cor
porations which are engaged in it;
but for the moment confinc my
recommendation to the object i'm
mediately in hand, which is to lower
the cost of living
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

manufacture of dyestuFs. on .he one
hand, and of explosives and poison
GUS gases on the other. moreover, has
given the industry an exceptional
significance and value.
Although the United States Will
gladly and unhesitatingly join in the
program Of international disarma-
ment, it Will. nevertheless, be
policy OF obvious prudence to make
certain OF the successful mainten-
anee of many strong and we'll
equpped chemical plants The Ger
man chemical industry, with which
we will be brought into competitive
war, may we'll be again a thox-
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03
Barcelona Is Orderly,
Despite Labor lockout

BARCELONA, Dec. 2.-Many plants
were closed yesterday as a result of
the lockout declared by employers, but
the textile factories, which constitute
the most important industry of the
city, were working. Order was main
tanned.
at the home Of the Captain General it
was decided not to declare martial law
except as a final resource.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

itself, whence has come -.
which now holds the world =. uhfess
an example Of stand patisn" 'syrss
vi'al ',''li. human matters which Ameri.. .s
in'En' vel accept as an example ~. =.
70 De followed but studiously ,o "'' -
avoided. Europe made labor -. - I, %
ferential. and the p-ice of il =, pi'
enmity and antagonism and al NJ s
trated industry The right of ia, r'0s'
to live in peace and comfort nn", so''
recognized By governments vol 0e
America should be the frs. >, sac
the foundation stones upon " Ga :sy
industrial peace shall be bull, IKE
Labor not only is entitled ~
adequate wage. but capital sooN,. "a
receive reasonable return w.. .'uN
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

force that lies back Of all industry
and progress.
Return to the old standards %
wage and industry in employment are
unthinkable. The terrible tragedy Of
war which has just ended and which
has brought the world to the verge
of chaos and disaster would be in
vain if there should ensue a return
to the conditions of the past. Europe
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03
German LOTTERY Loan''
Fails to Reach Its Quota

BERLIN. Dec. 2.-The government
has extended the time limit for sub
scriptions to the premium loan to De-
cember 10 instead of Wednesday. The
"Vossische Zeitung" says this tends to
confirm wides pread reports that the
loan has been a failure. The loan,
which was intended to raise 5,O0,0O,-
coo marks tS1,250000, ,O00), provided
loi . lottery system as an indacement
TO subscribers.
New-York tribune., 1919-12-03

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