davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
Defeats Mrs. Raymond at
So, %, Is; Miss
Handy and Mrs. Lynch
Win Doubles Final

Miss Marie Wagner, playing true to
form, successfully defended her title
as Eastern New York State champion
by defeating Mrs. Edward Raymond in,
hard-fought match on the courts Of
the Mount Pleasant Club, at PLEASANT
vile yesterday afternoon. The score
was 81, 6-2, 7-5.
Mrs. Raymond offered strenuous op-
position the whole distance, and made
the match one of the best in the
tournament. She got a flying start
by winning the first set, but. Miss
Wagner quickly rallied and easily
captured the second. The third was the
hardest fought, both players being on
their mettle.
Miss Wagner's greater experience,
coupled with her swift drives and skill
full gets earned her the victory. Mrs.
Raymond made many excellent place
ments and won many points by clos
ing quickly to the net once play was
started. When she played the back
court she always did so at big dis
advantage.
Miss Wagner didn't fare so SUCCESS
fully in the doubles event, she and
Mrs. Wilburn going down to defeat at
the hands of Miss Edith b Handy and
Mrs. f. V. Lynch, at Go, 13-l1. Miss
Handy and Mrs. Lynch won the first
set in easy fashion, but found the Sec
ond set just the reverse. 1t was only
after long and strenuous session that
they emerged victorious.
Several times thelosers were within
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13

sticking the ball at sharp angles across
fore court, SO that Johnston was
forced to take it at his feet az he ran
forward.
The Californian couldiiget only two
points in the first three.sgames. Tlden
breaking through service twice and
winning two love games 10y marvellous
work at the net.
Johnston's Defence SCrumbles
"That man is just like a panther, "
said the girl in yellow, who had been
standing in the scorching sun for an
hour, as she watched yrilden racing
about his court, sometimes running
clear over to the side stands as he
went after placed shot. Johnston's
defence was crumbling rapidly under
his opponents driving game. Tilden
was hitting the bullBeye with such un-
canny skill that johnson dared let
nothing go by for fear it would be an
ace. He began his final fight in the
fourth game, bringing the points to
deuce after some sizzling volleying
sessions with his conqueror, but moth
ing could prevail against the brand of
tennis Tilden was displaying.
After winning the fifth game on
JOnuSIOU seEVtCcy~ AhuSu Du&au tHc
sixth and last az though to end mat
ters quickly. but here the Californian
made hia dying stand, and notable
struggle followed.
Four times Tilden was within match
point, only to be foilcd each time by
Johnston's deadly voilcying. AS many
times the former champion missed his
cwn chances for winning the game by
flubbing shots.
! Finally, with the points at vantage
server" Tiidcn sent vicious reverse
twist service to Johnston's weak buck
hand The Wall bounded high and
Johnston poked his return into the
net, giving the set To Tilden at 60
and also the match.
Richards compl etely outclassed Craven
10 the other einelem. gaining most OF
his points by splsndid vollcying. The
California boy WAS hardly ever able to
reach the net poaitjsn. FOR Richards
shot the ball past him with battling
i
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
Power Craft and
SailbOats Resume
Block Island Rum

With the exception Of two of the
sailboats and one of Class power
boats all the craft entered in the re-
sumption of the annual Block Island
race of the New York Athletic Club
got away to a good start yesterday.
The committee, made up of Chairman
Harry Anderson, Edwin H. Tucker, H.
NJ. Williams, c. E. Lauten and Harry
Sanford, established the starting line
at the east end Of Huckleberry Island
early in the morning.
The two classes Of sailing boats
were the first to be sent away The
scheduled starting hour was IL a. m.
At that time there was practically no
wind on the Sound. The twelve boats
in the division managed to drift over
the line. For more than an hour they
all were practically becalmed. When
the preparatory signal was sounded
for the power boats at 11:55 a. m. q
light south southwest breeze came
skipping across the Sound from the
hills Of Long Island.
FOURTEENTH ANNUAL BLOCK ISLAND
RACE FOR AILBOATS-STAET II 90
a. NJ, july 12--COURSE. 100 MILES
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
Local Swimmers
Swamp Rivals in
Riverton Contests

RfVERTON, N. j., July 12-New
York swimmers proved more than a
match for their Philadelphia rivals in
the special races that featured the
aquatic carnival Of the Riverton Yacht
Club here to-day. In all five special
races the New Workers. reirned su-
preme, leading home their contestants.
Miss Charlotte Boyle, the national
sprint champion, began the rout of the
Quaker rivals, when she easily defeated
Miss Gertrude .Artalt, of the Meadow
brook Club, Philadelphia. in a 100
yard race. The two mermaids swan
together for the first SO yards,
when Miss Boyle began to increase her
pace, but eventually fell behind, to be
beaten by Is yards. The time was
l minute 81 2-5 seconds, which was
considered fast against the strong tide.
Leo Giebel, another national cham
pion, who represented the New York
Athletic Club, placed two victories to
his credit. .Giebel first drew Us. Tay-
Tor, OF the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, in
"a 100-yard backstroke race. Taylor
was always outdistanced, to finish ten
yards in the wake of Giepe. Shortly
of the Meadow Brook Club, Philadel-
phia, in "a l00-yard rage, in which the
Quaker entrant was beaten by five
yards.
Still another Philadelphia swimmer
was beaten when Miss Eleanor Uhl, of
the Meadow Brook Club. proved no
match for Miss Ethelda Bleibtrey in
2oo7yard race. Miss Bleibtrey waa in
rare form, for she leaped away from
Miss uhl at the start, to cross the
finish line with a sixty-yard advantage.
In the race for small girls Miss Eileen
Riggfn, the thirteen .year-sld New York
mermaid, defeated q field Of sewn
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
Miss Wagner Successfully
Defends Title at Mt. Pleasant
The Summary

=. Women's singles {nnal round) - Miss
Marie Wagner defeated Mrn. Ed Raymond.
81 e., 7-5.
Women's doubles (f1nal rounds)-Miss e.
r. Handy and Mrs. z. V. Lynch Debated
Miss Marie Wagner and Mrs. Wiburn,
60 13--11.
deu and A. Bassford. Sd, defeated Miss
Grove and H. steinkamp, s--s, 2--6. s.
Second round-Mrs. l.. II. Morris and II
5. Bassford defeated Miss Gilleadeu and A
Bassford, Sd. '4--s. 81, 7--5.
Third round-Mrs. Morris and H. s.
Bassford defeated Miss Warning and H.
Letson. I'll, Is.
Mems singles (seni- anal round)--Harold
Throckmorton defeated Fred Anderson.
6--~S. 60, 81; F. I. Hunter defeated DR..
Drake. 60, 81.
Third round-H. S. Bassford and Stein
kamp defeated DR.. Rosenbaum and
Throc KIN orton, 6-3, So. IS
Semi-fnal round-Ostendorf and Hun
ter defeated Bassford and Steinkamp
<-6, "a, So.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
Champion Athletes Entered
I'm Police Carnival at Bav
Motor Boats Off
TO Poughkeepsie
I'm l3O-Mile Race

Seventeen cruising motor boats, d.
vided into two classes, started yester-
day on the third annual Poughkeepsie-
andreturn race of the Yacht Racing
Association Of Jamaica Bay. The start
ing line was off the Rockaway Park
Yacht Club, at Rockaway Beach. Both
classes were sent away together on the
180-mile journey at 8 a. M, the fleet
being led down the bay by l.. H.
Strauss's Bedouin.
The times made to Poughkeepsle will
be used to figure the handicap for the
race back to Jamaica Bay to-day. The
boats will start on their handicap
times, and are expected to be back at
the Rockaway Park Yacht Club between
i and S o'clock this afternoon. Start
ing them on their handicap times is
expected to bring the feet home to-
gether.
The course took the craft down ia
naca Bay to the Atlantic. along the
Coney Island shore to Norton's Point,
then through the Lower and Upper New
York bays to the Hudson. At Pough-
keepse Commodore L. c. Heimer and
Commodore Veneer took the times of
the yachts and sent them away again
this morning.
f1tt
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13

few points of winning. but on each
occasion Miss Handy and Mrs. Lynch
by excellent play managed to hold
the lead. 1t was a hard earned and
meritorious victory.
Mrs. L. H. Morris and H. S. Bass
ford won their match in the semi
finals Of the mixed doubles, defeating
Miss Warning and Mr.. Letson at 81,
7-5. The winners will meet Miss
Wagner and A. j. Ostendorf in the
final round to-day
Harold Throckmorton won his match
yesterday He defeated Fred Ander-
son in three-se match at 3-6, 6--3,
"a. F. T. Hunter also took his match
in the semi-fnals, defeating DR.. Drake
at 60, 6-l. Throckmorton and
Hunter will meet to-day in the final
round
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
Busibee First Home i'm
Bayside Yacht Race

With a moderate southwest breeze
blowing. twelve yachts of the feet of
the Baysid- Yacht Club started yester-
day in the weekly regatta of the club.
Three classes were represented in the
races. H. P. Clark's Busibee won
among the Baysidr Bees, George Alb
bolts Aria among the Stars, and Don
ald Cowl's Heron among the Bayside
Birds.
The summary
BAYSIDE BEE CLASS START $50
COURSE, EIGHT MILES
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13

Earl Thompson, the Dartmouth
hurdler and present national chum-
pion aver the obstacles, will represent
tho Boston A. A. in open competition
hereafter. Thompson stated that he
would make this city his home upon
leaving college, but evidently has
found the Hub more attractive.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
Wagner Wins Auto ON Fight

Honus Wagner is said to have wor
a nice new Ford runabout on the resul
of the Toledo tussle. Honus bet a big
expensive touring car against the "fiv'
chat Dempsey would win.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13

JOE BECKETT who in the opinion of British boxing en-
tusasts is the logical opponent of Jack Dempsey Beckett
will meet Georges Carpenier the French heavyweight cham
pon at the National Sporting Club London, Tomorrow
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13

AITOw-
Length ance.
Yacht and Owner. FIT. In r. NJ. s.
Sea Scamp r. H. Gaines. 40 600: 90
Sonora. w n. Farrell. 80 0,o6'00
Flight w. II. Hoffman. 40 o'95:00
Mink T. g. Clark 40 l 100 100
Carolina W. II. Bowes... Al 10000
Algol, w. Fuller. ......... Al $4,000
(iuardfh C. A. MARYLAND. 2S 500 90
Saxon. Z. @. Faife. ...... "a 4tl5.O0
Frances Simon Wtckes... go o 4'55:0o
SPECIAL SAILING DIVISION
Sea Farer Daniel Bacon. SO 10000
Neith b. r. Stoddard 80. 53 600
Feu Toilet. O. Harsoh.... 81 1'45i00
TENTH ANNUAL. BLOCK ISLAND RACE
FOR POWER BOATS-START. IL Al
JULY 12-COURSE. 100 MILES
GLASS A
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
New Design Rigging to
Get Test in Yacht Races

PORT WASHINGTON, L. L., July ~.
I'm order to test the practicabilty of
u new design Of rigging the Port Wash
ington Yacht Club has arranged u test.
Five Of the yachts Of the star class,
carrying this type Of rigging, will com
pete In q series of races on the club
course in Manhasset Bay.
In the race to-day only three of the
quintet finished. Charles r. Hyde, in
the Hydra, won over G. A. Cory, In the
little Dtppcr, by l5 seconds.
Tho summary:
SPECIAL RACEr-!sTAR CLAss---START
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13
New York Cricketers
Defeat Philadelphia

Maintaining the fine form shown in
Philadelphia earlier in the week, New
Works cricketers In the Halifax Cup
competition scored their sixth victory
on the grounds Of the Staten Island
Cricket and Tennis Club, at Livingston
yeste rday, over tie Philadelphia Cricket
Club by the margin of two wickets.
Philadelphia batted first and put on
the fiuo total Of ll3 runs, a score the
home team was barely able to surpass.
This score:
PHILADELPHIA 4 C.
G. o. Wooisy. d Poy-r. ...... rs
L. Hopknson jr.. Beresrord. Miller 40
n. r. Cartwright. Hull ............. Is
w e. Graham. and b Hull ...-... So
w n Mortce. o Poycr. b RI ..... 6
E. Van Pelt. o Hai-s. tuli........ o
Fl. w. Goodall run nut. ..............
Y. V. Green. not OUT. .....,.......,.. i3
c. d Jennings, c Bretz, Kortland... 2
w. Norris Hull. Observation-Disclosures. .
Total ......,.. ......,..........-. l73
NEW YORK G. c.
g.. B. Beresrord @ Green b Hopkrrvoa B
F. G. Hull st Green. b GrahAm... .
B. Kortland. Green. Morico. IS
J. l.. Po-er. not out ................. ~
R Conacho, b Morice ................ \
r Belgrave. Hopkinsor ............ 2
r. c. Taylor Z Green b Graham.
L. r. Miller. b Hoplsnsun. .......... L.
O. Meyer, Green, b Ora l5
r. G. Haies not out. MISREPRESENTATION. 4
j. s. Bretz. did not bat........,...~.. .
Extras MISREPRESENTATION. IA
Tosal Is w1s s,s, e.. "a ;,.,., ~.
Miller for IS: Kortland. for IS.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-13

AfsAr VI 0dtalC luIHcu
sehnston won tha last game Of the
.ssond act on Tilden's service and then
.sssssxed the first two games Of the
Mnd- Tilden here began to play up
&c started charging into fore-court,
isezfdless Of JohnSton's fierce fore
ssnd drives.
Then the tide Of battle began to
ssfh, slowly at first, AZ the Californian
.soSet with desperation, but later more
spsedHy untsi In the final set the spec
ssss1iar Philadelphia was making mar
sssisus gets" OF Johnston's paced
s s.sIa. stabbing the ball Gu the full
Wiley, forehand or backhand, overhead
On the half vofiey. IL was brilliant
Mnnis, and Tjiden won che set at e.
s.Ier some sszziins exchanges ut the
~ position.
5 Ater the rest period the clay court
soefapion Was fiike wairiwind,
1ppsrentIy refreshed and with all his
sssenhdsnce. He was plainly In one Of
$3.50 rpre moods when nothing war
possible for him 10 attempt aud 70
SennDHAh, EontiHuzJiy he hammered
~ Jehnstop's beekhand, usually
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-07-08
DEMAND ON
PRESIDENT
Sherman Wants Wilson t
'eil Why He Has Imposed Up
on the People of
America.

nited Press Leased Wire Service. ]
WAsHlNGTON, July ga demand
at PRESIDENT Wilson tell the senate
nis and by what right or by what
.iui authority he has undertaken to
,pVse upon the people of this country,
70 make its government subject to
powers and organization created in
league of nations" was voiced in
resolution introduced today by SEN
o ", sherman, Illinois.
sherman's resolution declared that
*he president and four other citizens
u!e United States have assumed at
farls conference to represent the
nted States government"
these men, Sherman declared, have
usht TO make the American people
olect to a super state. The resolu-
Then demands that the president
me sonata by what authority he
assumed TO exercise the powers
ihed by him at the peace confer
III In SO framing the league of ma
,hs and in appointing or joining in
appointment of officers of such
aeue, whose expenses and compensa
r Will be in part charged to the
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-07-08
CAPTAIN CHASE
is IN AMERICA
Commander Of the keokuk Company
L Has Reached Camp Mills on
His Way Back to
keokuk.

Captain Edward Chase, command
ing Keokuk's Company l., has got
back to America at last among the
last Of the army to be mustered out
He left here at once on mobil1za-
ton after We entered the world war
and the company was stationed at
Deming, for some time. In the very
beginning, at Camp Dodge, sixty.
seven Of his men were transferred
to another regiment, which was
named the 16Sth infantry later and
became one of three most famous
regiments Of the army in France.
Company l. was replacement unit
for long time, until all its original
roster of men had been sent to other
units, and only the commissioned Of
ficers remained to identify the com
pany.
Captain Chase finally was sent to
France and later was in the army OF
occupation. He is now on this side
the Atlantic and Is expected in Keo
kuk within couple of weeks.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-07-08

United States senate to such pro-
cedure and further to inform the SEN
ate If the executive as one Of the joint
treaty-making powers of our govern
ment is vested with authority to do
more under the law than 10 negouate
and present to the senate tentatise
peace treaty with Germany, and II ms
assumption OF power to go beyond tne
negotiations Of the peace treaty anu
bind the United States to pefpetua,,
alliance, offensive and defensive, anu
to make war pursuant thereto IN any
part of the world and the other pow
iers in the league are within any con,
stitutional or other power vested III
the president of the United States ana
If so refer to the same for the lnfor'
nation of the senate.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-07-08
Daily Stock Letter.
UNITED Press Leased Wire Servic
NEW WORK July S-The New "

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.l
NEW YORK, July S-The New York
Evening Sun financial review today
said:
The stock market showed very
plainly today that it had worked itself
into a sensitive position, the result OF
the highly speculative dealings which
have been going on for many weeks at
steadily advancing prices.
During the greater part Of the ses-
sion stocks fluctuated over a wide and
uncertain course. Intervals or
strength and weakness followed IN
quick succession, reflecting the doubts
and uncertainties Of traders Prices
did not move at all uniformly and at
times weakness in one quarter was
matched by advances in another. The
oil stocks acted the best in the first
half of the session, pools getting &C.
tive again in several Of these proper
ties after long period Of idleness.
The feature Of late trading was an
advance of more than IS points by
Chandler Motors to 1854, new high
price. The zinc and oil stocks were
also strong. Otherwise the market
continued unsettled and irregular up
to the close.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-07-08
LOWITZ.
ARE ROUTED
Thirty Reds in Automobiles Fired
Upon by Soldiers and
Nine of Them
Arrested.
TBy Camille Cianfarra, United Press
Staff Correspondent

ROME, July Anarchists 1T
tempted today to seize hand gren-
AIDES deposited in the Pietralata fort,
planning afterward to capture the
citadel. Sentries fired on the anar-
chists and a number of them were
arrested.
Police learned Of the plot when a
soldier revealed that sixteen ring
leaders were meeting in certain wine
shops to prepare plans. The police
surrounded the wine shops and ar
rested the men, among whom were
three notorious anarchists.
simultaneously, officers at the
Pietralata fort were awakened when
motor cars arrived carrying thirty
men. The latter endeavored to in
duce the soldiers to deliver the
grenades The officers charged them,
arresting nine. The others escaped
in two cars A large number Of
anarchists were arrested in the
course of the morning.
Thousands Of workers, goaded to
desperation over the economic situa-
ton. overthrow official authority and
took the distribution of food in their
own hands at Milan Sunday. At
dawn parties of workers delegated
for the purpose met incoming supply
wagons at the city gates and ordered
the sale of produce at half price,
confiscating goods of those who re-
fused.
In the afternoon lawless elements
interviewed, scores of shops being
looted. Police charged the mobs,
causing hundreds Of clashes, in
which fifty persons were injured and
over a thousand arrests were made.
Earlier in the day crowds had
thronged to all parts of the city
forcing merchants to reduce their
prices and place cards in their win
dows announcing reductions Of one
half. The whole city garrison was
called out, but 1t merely regulated
the waiting lines who were purchas-
ing foods.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-07-08

onstrated the failure Of the reign or
brute force and the triumph OF JUS
tice and humanity. 1t Is essential
/ that Japan strive for national power
along these lines SO she can con-
tribute her full quota to permanent
peace, especially in the orient. 1t is
not expected that the league will
settle all international disputes, but
it will undoubtedly be effective in re-
ducing differences and will be a salu-
tary check on ambiguous and I'M
scrupulous politics that menace
world peace If a stable Russia and
the new nations evolved from the
war join, the leagues foundation will
be solidified and war for the sake of
imaginary prestige will gradually
cease" said Gentara Tanaka, mem
Der of the house of peers and repre-
sentative of the biggest financial in
situations.
Ikuzo O-Oka, former speaker Of the
house of representatives and a
leader of the Seiyukai party, feels
the league of nations is not Japan's
greatest need.
Nothing is more urgently needed
than a reform in Japanese diplom-
acy, without dependence upon the
league of nations or the other great
powers to bring it about" he said.
Spontaneous diplomacy is essential
for Japanese world affairs, especially
regarding the Chinese problem"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-07-08
Japan FAVORS
LEAGUE PLAN
Statesmen Practically Unanimous as
They See a Greater
Japan and Less
Warfare.

r1rnited Press Leased Wire Service. ]
TOKYO, July 3.-Japanese states,
men are practically unanimous IN
their endorsement of the league OF
nations. They see close relation
ships between all nations, less war
and a greater japan, according 10
their statements.
"The league of nations is the most :,
important product of the world war, :,
Takashi Hara, leader of the SCI
Yukai declared. 81 expect all nations
will work in the future to make an
effective permanent peace guarantee
Development of national power
under the league is important 1t
behooves Japan to take advantage OF
the new peace and the league OF
nations.
"The war has Enthusiastically DEM
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-07-08
CITY NEWS.

Miss Dorothy Stanbro Is the guest
OF Miss Florence Benner In Burling-
ton.
Miss Lydia Rich went to Burling-
ton today to visit Miss Marjory
Bosch.
VIII sell at auction large lot of
household goods, 212-214 Main street,
Wednesday afternoon, July 8.
The friends of Captain A. N.
Evans will be sorry to know that he
Is sick at his home on Franklin street.
Mr.. and Mrs. Gus Busch. of Ell
Reno, Okla. are visiting Mr.. and Mrs.
Charles Haubert, OF 126 North Fourth
street.
The Red Cross executive commit
tee will meet at the Industrial assoc
citation rooms at 4 o'clock Wednesday
afternoon.
Mrs. Harold P. Roberts, of Wash
ington, d c.. is visiting relatives and
friends in Keokuk. She was Miss
Ruby Hummer before her marriage.
VIII sell at auction large lot OF
household goods, 212-214 Main street,
Wednesday afternoon, July 8.
A. f. Goodwin, the carpenter, was
severely bruised, but escaped without
any broken bones, when he fell with
a broken ladder last evening while
looking over a repair Job. He went
to his home, SIG North Tenth street,
after the accident.
Word has been received that
Clarence E. Linquist was slightly In
jured in motorcycle smashup at
Camp Devens recently. The machine
which he was riding collided with
large truck and he was thrown about
forty feet, -
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-07-08
Bond For haywood.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Serv1ce.l
CHICAGO, July S.-William D. Hay
wood, former sovereign Of the 1. w.
W.. will be released from Leaven-
worth penitentiary shortly, following
approval of bonds here today. Per
sonal property and Liberty bonds
totaling $4,000 were offered. Hay
wood has been in Leavenworth almost
year, being sentenced there with
ninety-two other l. w. WIS after con-
viction on charges Of violating the
espionage act Haywood will be free
pending the hearing on an appeal.