davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-09-02
SIesia as an Object Lesson to
Americans.

President WILSON Is sending q new
brigade of infantry to Europe to re-
enforce our troops on duty in Ger
many. According to the news from
Paris the despatch of this military
unit Is accepted by the army authori-
ties there as evidence of the Wilson
Administrators intention to double
our forces in our army of occupation.
In this incident, which affects about
5000 men, there is a concrete warn
ing for this country against tho
League of Nations Mr.. WILSON is des-
perately trying to force upon us and
against all other projects for en-
tangling us in the internal affairs of
Europe.
That portion of Silesia which has
been part OF Prussia since the war of
the Austrian succession is ultimately
to be divided among Czecho- Slovaks,
Poland and Germany, plebiscite to
determine the nationality of the dis
tricts In dispute. Czecho-Slovaks and
Poles protest that with Germany in
physical control of the territory fair
vote is impossible. The result has
been serious disorders in Silesia.
1t is now proposed that mixed
military force representing the Allied
and Associated Powers shall occupy
Silesia and see that the pebiscite is
fairly conducted. When the United
States was called on to contribute to
this force the answer was made that
none of our troops could be sent with
out reducing the permanent garrisons
on the Rhine, which, 1t was explained,
constituted the only force we intended
to keep In Europe. The Allies insisted
that we should furnish additional
units for duty in Sllesia, and to this
President WILSON has assented, if
Paris is correctly informed.
In this occurrence we have an ex-
ample Of what We may expect as long
as President WILSON insists on med
ding In the internal squabbles of Eu-
ropean countries. Under such clrcum-
stances 1t is impossible to say how
far we may be induced or obliged to
go In policing alien countries. We
may plan to keep only few men in
Europe and to restrict their activities
to certain carefully defined areas, but
there will always be pleas and argu-
ments in favor of increasing their
number, extending the field of their
activity and adding new districts to
those for which We assume respon-
sibility. A President in whose mind
and heart humanity takes precedence
of America will always find compel
ling reasons to assent to appeals of
this kind regardless Of the burden,
The sun., 1919-09-02
COST OF THE SUPERSTATE.
A Phase of the League Of Nations
Congress Should Look Into.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Str: May
there not be more reasons than are now
apparent why there Is on the part OF
some of our humanitarians a desire to
have the peace treaty and the covenant
Of the League Of Nations promptly rati-
fed by the S0nate?
When the new superworld government
for the regulation of the affairs OF man
kind begins to operate there are likely
TO be innumerable Offices to be filled, with
good fat salaries annexed. II 1t took
hundreds Of men six months att tre-
niendous cost to formulate the League
OF Nations, how many men and women
will 1t require to operate the new ma
chine? And what will be the approx
innate cost?
Already a secretary, Sir Eric Geddes.
has been nominated to a life office at
an annual salary of $4,000. Compare
this with the $4,000 salary of General
Pershing or the $4,000 Of Chief jus
tice White. The supergovernment of
the world will presumably feel the need
o. having a high salaried presiding OFF,
Ger, a vice-president. a cabinet of ad-
visers, swarm of experts OF all kinds,
sSOBi -
ontomologists. biologists. clerks, stenog-
raphers.. doorkeepers-in short, the same
numerous retinue which now mater Ll-
ICES at Washington.
Before Congress bolts the door on the
inside, when 1t will be too late to change
the programme, would 1t not be wise
to ascertain exactly what the creators
of the league propose to do after rati-
fication? Let the items be made pub
lie that the producers and taxpayers
may know the worst.
The nations of Europe have more
than they can do to look after their
own and meet present obligations.
While looking to America for food. fuel
and credit, and while striving to pro-
vide shelter for the homeless, they have
no money to squander in building pal
aces for the supergovernment. The
burden will most likely fall upon the
United States. Can We assume it?
Have we millions to spend for any
81 CHI purpose? The signs of the times
say mo"
Is it not the duty Of Congress to in
sist upon knowing the items of expense
in the proposed programme for mate
rializing the superstate proposition? At
least the people who will have to fur
nish the cash have a right to be fully
Informed in this matter.
FULLER WALKER.
HARTFORD, Conn, September 1.
The sun., 1919-09-02

at 10, until II was bruIted about at
the court of CHARLEs 1. that there
was an Englishman 152 years old.
Then the Earl Of Arundel dragged
PARE of to London, and the change of
air and Diet killed him. High living
and excitement, said the great DR..
HARVEY; PARR's body was as right as
a trivet before the fatal trip to Lon
don. Had he not been tempted be-
yond his strength PARR, for all we
know to the contrary, might be alive
and talking yet.
When a man Is as old as the Con-
stitution, and SHELL Is, he ought to
want to stay around and see what
happens to persons who try to knock
holes In that document.
The sun., 1919-09-02
Keep. Up Living, John!

Mr.. JOHN SHELL of Kentucky has
possibly the opportunity of doing his
country a favor. He is now, accord
ing to himself and other Hnprejudiced
witnesses, 131 years old. This is old,
but not old enough. England boasts
that she was the cradle and home of
the greatest example of longevity in
comparatively modern times, Old Tom
PARR, who lived to be 152. Let JOHN
SHELL patiently retain this mortal
coil for twenty-five years more and
he will have beaten the ancient PARR
ut his own game.
We would not think 1t necessary to
offer this suggestion to Mr.. SHELL ex-
eept, for the fact that he seems to be
slowing down. This we gather from
his admission that he has mot worked
TO amount to anything for two years"
OF course he was cutting weeds with
scythe when a committee of honor
went to bear him of to see the sights
of Lexington the other day, but ac-
cording to the standards of SHELLS
youth-which was the whole Of the
nineteenth century-cutting weeds
isn't labor. A good man in his time
could cut, chop and pile two cords of
wood in a day. Let SHELL take up
again that which large part Of the
world seems eager to relinquish-
work--and 1t may help him to break
PAIRS record.
We have no actuarial figures to
show what the chances are of a man
Of 131 living to be 1873, but there is no
reason why SHE'LL should not be a
good insurance risk for twenty year
endowment policy II he does not get
too much of Lexington night life and
Il not invited to too many cellar par
ties. Let the story Of PARR's down
fall be a lesson to SHELL. Old Tom
got along nicely in his native Shrop-
shire. marrying first at 80 and again
The sun., 1919-09-02
ABOVE THE LIP.
A Region Of the Upper Air Where the
Temperature Rises.

To THE EDITOR OF THE suN--Sr: The
editorial article on Zero Weather In
Summer printed in THE SUN recently
Is in line with a question asking what
Is meant by 1.-THE lid in meteorology.
The lid is a very convenient name
used by Sir Napier Shaw OF the British
Meteorological Office to designate the
lower surface of a layer Of air differing
In density and in temperature from the
air below II. The two layers do not
readily mix. and when smoke or fog
or other cloud matter reaches the lid II
does not rise higher and penetrate the
upper layer; It merely spreads out to
form n fiat cloud.
To one accustomed to the meteorology
Of New York city lids 1t may be de-
sciibed as a pousse cafe of air. Occa-
sionally one may see cloud matter rise
10 its position and then spread out.
The lid holds It down. A balloon de-
scending is pretty apt to rebound when
reaching lid of this sort, and the
airinan gets a sharp bump In passing
through it.
Lids of this sort are transitory; they
disappear when a wind mixes the air.
Seven or eight miles up, however. Is
lid that always Is with us. 1t Is the
lower surface of a shell of air that APP
parently does not mix with the air
below It,
In this upper she'll of air there is
neither storm nor cloud nor cyclonic
motion. II moisture exists it practi-
cally Is Unreasonable. II there are
movements in this she'll Of air, the
shakespeare. they are tidal in nature ;
anyway, there is none of the winds
and up draughts and other movements
that occur in the air below the lid.
Practically 1t Is an inert shell of air,
,tEt 1t holds things down pretty effec-
tuslly.
The interesting feature about the lid
is temperature. From the ground up
the temperature decreases rather stead
lily. Knowing the temperature regis
tered by Airman Rohlfs's thermograph.
one will not question the altitude
claimed. Had he reached the lid his
thermograph would have registered 81
degrees below zero. But In several in
stances sounding balloons have shot up
beyond the lid.
At Avalon. Cal. sounding balloon
reached an altitude slightly exceeding
nineteen and one-half miles. There was
the regular fall in temperature until the
balloon reached the lid, then the tenn
perature began to rise. and at the great
est height 1t was A degrees below zero.
Not enough temperature measurements
have been made in the air above the
lid to establish a rate of increase; per-
haps time will prove that no increase
as a rule exists. At all events. how
ever. the measurements so far obtained
show that no decrease occurs in tenn
perature above the lid up to height
of twenty miles. ]. w. REpwAY.
MOUNT VERNON, n. Y. September I.
The sun., 1919-09-02

Bars Of tempered steel. links Of
strongest chains will be but as chan
the gentlest breezes rout when it
comes, as now seems certain that it
will come, that the police, the army.
the navy must try to hold Chicago
within some limits of sanity that
day the White Sox win the pennant.
New York knows the fan of local base
ball fields, his ecstasy, his joy or
grief. but he is a softly sleeping babe
compared to the Chicago fan; silence
compared to widest thunder, breath
less calm to the rage of fiercest gale
And Chicago is one fan; no craft,
trade, calling, profession is shamed
by a citizen not Infinitely, beauti-
fully bereft of reason when the PEN
nant swirls In glorious madness be-
fore his vision. If the Sox take the
winning game the victory will be
proclaimed to the world not by the
feeble words OF wire rushed story but
by Lake Michigan as at one blast from
Chicago's superheated JOY mad multi
tudes she springs from her profound
est depths seething. roaring column
Of triumphant steam hooking the
affrighted skies.
The sun., 1919-09-02
wilson Secrecy to the Last.

President WILSON'S contention that
he must withhold from the Senate the
proposed treaties~o of peace now under
negotiation with Austria, Hungary,
Bulgaria and Turkey because Of the
possibility their submission would
create a precedent tending to take
the function of negotiating treaties
out of the hands of the Executive
where it is expressly vested by the
Constitution" betrays sensitiveness
to precedent Mr.. WILSON has not
hitherto displayed. He has rejoiced
in playing the part OF precedent
maker, and his present solicltude for
the Constitution is likely to bring
embarrassment to those of his fol-
lowers who have been berating SEN
ators because they insisted on regard
ing that instrument seriously as a
guide in their official conduct.
How unfounded is President WIZ
SONS expressed fear that by revealing
the declaration of June 16 to the Sen
ate he might cause "a certain degree
of embarrassment" to other countries
Senator LODGE crushingly shows by his
reply that the declaration has already
been officially disclosed in British
White Book and reprinted in the
Congressional Record. Obviously the
British Empire was not afraid to
make it known.
That a President should insist on
punctilious observance of his consti-
tutional rights is proper. Nobody can
object to it. But Mr.. WILSON'S acute
perception of remote danger to the
Executives prerogative in this in
stance does not carry conviction,
particularly when 1t is studied with
his official concealment of an agree
ment already published abroad under
the seal of one of the Allies. In this
Incident, as in all his Transactions
with the Senate and the nation re-
Earding peace, WOODROW WILSON has
revealed himself unwilling TO inform
which it is entitled to full Informal
tion, and determined TO jam down the
Threats of Americans his treaty with
Its interviewer covenant of the League
of Nations regardless of their rights
and wishes.
This exhibition Of Wilsonian Sc
crecy occurred less than forty-eight
hours before Mr.. WILSON plans to
start on trip through the country to
force his will on the Senate by means
of 'pitiless publicity" How will the
public respond TO talk about publicity
which comes from a man who works
always in the dark?
The sun., 1919-09-02
MoNToLAn. N. j., September 1.
Mr.. p. W. Harold, 92 Midland Avenue
Moufold{r ~ j..

mT. r. w. duTOtu, W MHtuUu ADeHuoi
! MontoIatr, ". j.:
DEAR SIR: Replying to yours Of July
0. addressed to the Director General and
referred here for attention. with regard
to the service on the Hudson and Man.
haitian Railroad.
Investigation develops that the present
schedule on the Hudson and Manhattan
Railroad during rush hours from Ho-
boken to Thirty-third street provides a
train every three minutes leaving Ho-
boken and correspondingIy arriving at
Thirty-third street. At the junction one
half mile outside OF Hoboken there al
ternates between each of the Hoboken
| trains one from Summit avenue to New
York, which entails on the uptown d.
vision ninety second Roadway between
trains, which is considered the minimum
possible for efficient operation.
In regard to the question of INSULT
Client number of cars on trains during
rush hours. beg to advise that this is
limited by the existing equipment owned
by the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad,
and with the prospect of return Of the
roads to their owners within a very short
time it is not felt that the administra-
ton should incur capital expenditures
without consent of the corporation. The
question of acquiring additional passen-
ger equipment has been taken up with
the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad
with view Of ascertaining its attitude
as to the financing of such a project
You realize no doubt that the equipment
Is Of special design and 1t is not possible
to divert other equipment to supply any
deficiency.
Because Of the abnormal number Of
passengers handled on these trains de-
lays necessarily occur at stations en-
route. When this occurs the delay to
equipment involves corresponding delay
to trains on the return trip. II any
cases have arisen where the equipment
has not been given the customary at
tention 1t has been entirely due to the
Increase In the traffic. which does not
permit the release of the equipment at
the Time for the purpose of making
repairs.
The Hudson and Manhattan cars are
ventilated in the same manner as they
have been for years. and the trainmen
have instructions to try to best meet
the wishes of the majority OF the pas
sengers at the particular time. The
turnover in labor has been exceedingly
rapid, and as 1t requires time to bring
new employees up to an efficient basis
by drilling. &C.. the operations are con-
Quoted under somewhat OF handicap.
Every effort Ia being made to COM
fortably take care OF the customary
number of passengers with the facilities
available. Very truly yours,
ROBERT RANToNE,
Acting Assistant to Director.
August 9. 1919.
The sun., 1919-09-02
TURTLES PROTECTED.
A Chuckle From New Jersey Inspired
by New York Law.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: New
Workers are always making fun OF New
Jersey laws. They even had a song
about our laws entitled "They Will Hang
You for a Cherry in New Jersey" But
all our laws cannot produce one equal
to the New York law relating to turtles.
Attention has been called to this by
the enforcement of the law in Walker
Valley. Ulster county. A game warden
saw visitor from Brooklyn handling
turtle, arrested him and took him be-
fore a justice of the peace. who fined
him s11.50. including costs. New Jersey
laws cannot come any way near to this
for foolishness.
Probably Governor Smith has a turtle
wandering in the woods with his initials
carved on his back. If a game warden
meets with this turtle will he arrest the
Governor? JAMES DABB.
JERSEY CITY, September /.
The sun., 1919-09-02

Being a normal, healthy American
youngster, of course WARREN PERsHING
liked best" the big killed Scotch drum
major. with the high thing on his
head" of all the exalted persons he
has met on his travels with his father.
Princes, premiers, secretaries of war,
of navy, kings. even out of uniform
and wearing frock coats and silk top
pers. ARE not more grand. more pictur-
esque than millions Of plain citizens.
But a six-foot-six drum major, mar
vellously tossing. catching. whirling a
gold topped baton and. like one in the
song,
THE leader glancing left and right
To captivate all girls in sight"
is something worth looking at, to stir
the blood and awake the admiration Of
youngsters of any age.
The sun., 1919-09-02
Good Sense and Good Humor From
Vtce>President Marshall.

Good sense and good humor mark
the thoughts inspired in the mind Of
Vice-President MARSHALL by Labor
Day, which have been confided to the
world through the medium of an in
terview with reporter for the Chi
cago Tribune. The duties of the gen.
tleman from Indiana as presiding Off
Ger Of the Senate give him time for
observation and reflection. Mr.. MAR
SHALL apparently has not allowed
himself to be lured from the path of
straight thinking rs to the means of
attaining comfort and prosperity, On
this point he says:
zone of the old ideas of the Re-
public was that the limit of striving
for success was the limit of capacity
and endurance. The real evil which
we are confronting to-day IL the high
cost Of leisure. I speak in CEN
serious way, because am myself the
LATEST of the lazy"
The man who says he is the 'lazi-
est of the lazy" is likely to be Il
glutton for work. We accept Mr.
MARsHALL's description of his dispo-
sitiOn as a flight of humor. His
statement of the ancient ideals Of the
Republic and of the men who built 1t
great and powerful is sound. Clock
watchers and shirkers did not make
America what 1t Is to-day. The ex-
ample of early times is good for the
men Of to-day. Mr.. MARSHALL puts
1t thus:
81 only beg the thoughtful consid-
GRAFTON of younger men who have the
good of the Republic at heart seri-
ously to consider the problem as to
whether the only way in which to
meet the increasing difficulties of
American life is not by additional
striving to produce more, to earn
more. to economize more, and to
save more"
Produce and save; this is a simple,
tried and proved way to achieve hap
piness. No artificial system of gov
eminent paternalism can take its
place. In the dark days of 1878 Mr..
MARSHALL found job at S1.50 day
for a man whose family was starving.
The man wouldn't accept it because
"he wasn't certain what Congress was
going to do about the money ques-
ton" There are men like this in
every generation. They are not the
men who rise or help their country
to prosperity and safety.
THE Sun cannot agree with Mr..
MARSHALL in some of his political
theories. He is liable to go off on an
economic spree occasionally. But he
talks horse sense when he says our
salvation as individuals and as a ma
ton depends on our working as hard
as we can and saving as much as we
can, and we are glad to hear such
wisdom from his lips.
The sun., 1919-09-02
The Sun Calendar
THE WEATHER.

For eastern New York, to-mor-..
fair, warmer In interior moderate ra,,s
to northeast winds
For New Jersey. fair to-day; fair 4,
nnr.h warmer In interior: moderate
ror northern New England fair 70 a..
ana tomorrow; little change in temnorar
turei gentle shifting winds P0'@
ror southern New England. cloudv q,
DAY; tair tomorrow; warmer In Intsrto ",
sno oa winds, mostly north and north'
For western New York. fair ,o-a.,
warmer in west portion; fair and wsr,nssi,
tomorrow; moderate north winds N'''
WASHINGTON, Sept. i.-Except in ,A
south Atlantic States pressure ia penaraI
aunough only moderately high over ~
eastern half of the county and with ' nv
precipitation except from light local show.
ers in the Atlantic States and lower ior.
regions. Over the western half 81 IN nv
country conditions were somewhat nm.
settleu. There were showers in Colorada
wyoming and Utah. Temperatures es.
nlgn Tor the season in the Southwest and
moderate elsewhere. There will be Iocai
Inunaer showers Tuesday and "Wednesday
upper Michigan and on Wednesday in tbs
upper lake region, otherwise fair weathsr
VIII prevail Tuesday and Wednesdav n,,e.
the washington forecast district IL viii
pc warmer Tuesday in the Ohio VaIIsv
snd the lover lake region and on wednes.
gay es IN the interior of the middle Atlantic
states and New England. 1t will be coois,
wednesday in the upper lake region.
observations at United States Weather Ru.
reau stations taken at p NJ. yesterdsy
seventy NTH meridian time:
The sun., 1919-09-02
Tho Old Missouri Houn' DawK.

Fr0T the Dc hdI6 U0uWV Herald.
Rex, the Bunton greyhound. l. dead at
about IS years of age. He has been a
rare. bony. historic, long, lean. lank and
hungry looking nEure around this town
a long time. e. A. Bunton. owner OF the
dog, brought him here years ago and he
is the last survivor of the mighty string
OF hounds Mr.. Bunton once owned in this
community. When Mr.. Bunton was asked
about the outstanding qualities of the de-
parted Rex he said; "oh. by grab, he was
Just a friend to every body"
The sun., 1919-09-02
Now for a few days Of labor.

Upon reading Sir WILLIAM wATsoN's
latest poem we feel fairly certain that
he would make as good a laureate as
Sir ROBERT HRDoEs is; and even more
sure that nobody will ever go around
>whistling the product of either of
these knights.
The sun., 1919-09-02
Europe's Pie.


Uncle Sam, don't linger,
Hear the warning cry;
Do not poke your finger
Into Europe's pie.
" will make YOU trsmbls,
Cause you pain and aches;
II does not resemble
Those that mother makes.
Strongly upper crusted.
Bottom sad to see,
1t cannot be trusted
Not to disagree.
stop the fuss and hdget.
Bide at home for aye;
Keep your trigger digit
Out Of Europe's pie.
NoLASDsuAOH WILSON
The sun., 1919-09-02
HUDSON TUBE SERVICE.
A Complainant Receives Reply From
the Director Generals ONCE.

To THE EDITOR OF TEE suN--sfr: In TEE
SUN of July 20 you published the text Of
letter which addressed to the Director
General OF Railroads regarding unsatis-
factory service OF the Hudson Tunnel
trains Enclosed is copy of reply ]
have received from the once OF the Di-
rector-General Of Railroads which may b
of sufficient interest for you to publish.
The Railroad Administration admits de.
layed trains, inadequate equipment and
overcrowding--in fact practically ALI tho
faults mentioned in my letter to the d.
rector General-but seems to regard itself
as helpless in the matter of improvement.
F. w. HAROLD
The sun., 1919-09-02
LOCAL WEATHER RECORDS.

dIBhest temperatures, II, at l:30 P. NJ
Lowest temperature, 62, at $3.50 r. NJ
Average temperature, 81.
EVENTS TODAY.
0 p. NJ.
The sun., 1919-09-02
An Early Peace Treaty

Noah regarded the rainbow.
wonder II that IL a legal or a moral
obligationf :" he msditAtsd.