davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20

preserved in the English paten, office.
II represents a steamboat one hundred
and forty feet long with paddle-w h cells
on a shaft turned by a single hor-
zontal steam cylinder and piston with
a double rack work and pauls on the
piston rod.
1t is not known whether a boat OF
his actual size was tried out but IL is
known that n coal barge went up the
Thames River propelled by an engine
such as was patented with one man az
ne wheel
Rumsey And Fulton
In 1855 certain James Rumsey
gave q public exhibition on the Poto-
mae River above shepherds: own, West
NlrG MA, Of his discovery that a boat
could be propelled by steam up stream
against the current The boiler and
machinery for Rumsey's boat were
made at Catociin Iron Furnace in
Frederick county, Maryland. After
,,-tae sxperIment- had proved a success
he destroyed his first model and sailed
for England hoping that in an older
and richer country his work would win
for him fame and fortune. but he died
Of apoplexy there before his invention
vas complete.
The citizens of Shcpherdstown have
recently erected a monument to has
memory Il is said that Robert Full.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20

ton. who nineteen years later gave the
world a successful steamboat. had
been a sympathetic and intelligent lis
tener to Rumsey's talks on the matter.
Any number Of Americans tried out
various inventions Of boats with more
or less success. but 1t was not until
Fulton sent his boat UP the Hudson
that a vessel propelled by steam was
really regarded as a success. This
was in 1907. the centenary of which
was celebrated in several cities.
But like the airplane experiment
made by the Wright brothers at Kitty
| Hawk. North Carolina, in 1908, the most
| optimistic person had no idea that a
steamboat would ever attempt to cross
the ocean. yet twelve years later. this
was accomplished. while the airplane
| has been in existence sixteen years.
/ Had 1t not been for the war. however.
/ this flying machine crossing OF the
/ ocean might have come much sooner.
After Fuiton's success STEAMBOATS,
were built and travelled on regular
+ schedules on rivers and lakes. and
these worked so we'll that 1t was de
/ termined to make a trial trip across
+ the ocean. The newspapers at that
! time were full of news In reference to
/ the trip and there were number of
1 unfavorable comments as many be-
| lieved that II would be a failure and
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20

ed and so perfectly are these arranged
that the history of Geneva may be
traced from the early ages.
The library was founded about the
middle OF the 10th century and many
rare books are on exhibition. There
Is some valuable manuscript written
.on papyrus of the sixth century. The
city also maintains a fine botanical
garden showing a specimen OF every
plant growing in the Alps and added
10 this Is a gallery OF portraits Of the
famous hotanists OF Switzerland. The
city has many statues. the most inn
portant being known as the national
monument which shows two huge fig
ures OF bronze representing Helvitia
and. Geneva. They are such heroic
figures that a distant view is better
than a close one. Many OF the old
houses such as the one inhabited by
John Calvin, have been torn down and
tablets erected to their memory placed
on the new dwellings, which, OF course,
are far less interesting than the sight
of the real houses.
Products
The city abounds in most attractive
shops and very few visitors fail to
purchase Geneva watch, piece OF
ivory carving or some lace. One OF
the Swiss cantons is particularly fam
GUS for Its lace making and much OF
1t Is for sale in Geneva The ivory
carvings are generally brooches. hat
pins. earrings, ETC.. carved into the
shane Of flowers and then painted
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20

stopped at Philadelphia. which is the
reason for that city claiming to be the
actual starting point which she left on
May 22nd. 1919, with Liverpool ~ her
objective point. All went we'll until
June 18th when the vessel was stopped
by the British cutter kite" whose
commander thought the vessel was on
fire and stopped her to assist in fight
ing the flames. She was also stopped
outside Liverpool by an English sloop-
of-war whose comm ander asked the
American vessel to display the British
colors above its own Captain Rogers
refused and threatened the British Of
fcer with boiling water II he did not
leave the ship at once. He left i'm
mediately. The Savannah reached
Liverpool on June goth, after a VOYAGE
Of Twenty-Five days and eleven hours.
The engines were used during eighteen
days of the trip. It is stated that on
the "SavAnnah's" approach to Liver
pool with sails furled and the Ameri-
can colors flying the piers were
thronged by thousands who greeted
her arrival with boisterous cheers.
and before she anchored her decks
were so crowded with curiosity seek.
ers that It was With the greatest din.
Guilty that the crew could move abou.
in the performance OF their duty.
After a. stay IN Liverpool where
the steamship was regarded as one oil
he wonders Of the world, the resse,
proceeded to Stockholm. and later to
Petrngrad - then st PeterShurr
where she was inspected by the no.
bility and foreign ministers. She left
that port on September 2sth, 1919
and arrived in Savannah November
3oth after an absence OF one hun.
dred and ninety-two days.
An interesting log. too long to be
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20

the lake, the saw like top of the snow
capped Dent du Midi. The centra.
tower OF the Castle Is red topped ane
stands out with startling clearness
against a background OF scenic gran
deur. Taken all in all the Castle OF
Chillon Is one OF the most poetic ant
thrilling scenes in the world with stts
combination Of picturesque beauty anc
historical association.
When travelling in the suburbs 81
Geneva, especially In the mountains
chalet with a girl with goat milk
for sale is sure TO be found. She IS
always. picturesque and frequently has
her goats on exhibition. Bread and
cheese are also served for trifie.
Calvin And Rousseau
To some historians the city 81
Geneva is known as the home OF the
two famous exiles. Calvin being exiled
by his enemies. and Rousseau by him
self. his worst enemy. Calvin stuck
to his theology and was Protestant
Rousseau was Catholic. who cante5
and recanted many times, becoming y
coward as to his beliefs. and finally
almost an atheist. The visitor will
hear much OF these men while ~
Geneva. but the average visitor pre-
fers the up-to-date way Of enJcytnE
himself by a sail on the lake with tne
steamer pursued by seagulls thAt nay
grown 30 tame they will catch = HaefA4
OF bread thrown from tho boat u list
nsils before = .trikes the watev. M
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20
TIE HzYxIs2mI/1Szr
~ GEreEG

excelled in the world for Mt Blanc
cred stands out in all its beauty, with
me Aiguile du Midi nearly $4,000 feet
at the left. The Dent du Giant and
the Grandes Jorasses lie directly in
front while many OF the lower noun
tains slope to the lake and form a
panorama CT wonderful scenery. At
sunset. II the day happens to be clear
(Which unfortunately is rare for Cen
eva is famous for its rains), these
mountains are mirrored in the clear
water of the lake and the scene is one
of !ndescribable grandeur.
Interesting Scenes
The Cathedral of ST. Pierre. a Ro-
manesque building of the 10th century
and consecrated by Conrad III Is one
of the sights Of the town. 1t stands
on a hill and seems to predominant
the skyline of the city. The interior
is gothic and many people famous IN
Swiss history are buried in vaults in
parts of the church, The Cathedral
was renovated and old parts restored
IN 1905. and at present organ recitals
are given there three times week
during the summer months. There Is
no lack OF amusement for there are a
number OF theatres and krusal in
which there are vaudeville shows ev-
cry night in the summer season. This
is on the DUAL du Mont Blanc. A
small admission is, charged but this
does not make 1t pay, SO every visitor
has what Is known as Kur tax at
tached TO his hotel bill. small sum Of
ave or ten a day extra for amuse-
ments. In this way whether one visits
the Krusal and pays the admission or
not he aids In keeping up the amuse-
ment For those more seriously in
clined there Is a museum where some
excellent paintings are on exhibition
and department where many things
belonging tn Swiss history are exhibit
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20
aS<2ez~2~7e Z1eC Scz1S 40 cs>>zz~>
I~5-l1~az@5> <<2~2S1z7e~o o~7lz<1>S~" "

Trinity while a visitor TO Geneva, was
arrested and executed at the stake
through the influence of CALVIN. In
1859 Calvin founded school Of Prot
estant theology and while he died IN
1854 the college became famous and
has doctrine has been firmly rooted in
shat city over since.
In The eighteenth century there
we're dIssensions aud even bloodshed
between the Old families on account
of certain monopoies and trade in
which the poorer classes failed to
share Had they occurred in the pres
ent day they would have been called
strikes Religious troubles arose Ia
lag and large number OF Rous-
seau's writings were burned at the in
stisation OF Noltaire. who seems 10
have obtained favor with the powers
al that period. After many political
and religious troubles Geneva in 1914
toned the Swiss Confederation and In
1886 overthrow the conservative gov
ernmen,, and in is47 adopted demo-
cratic constitution which now exists.
Tourist Paradise
The city has always been a favorite
.ourist resort especially TO those who
prefer the French language for there
one hears very little OF the German
which Is used almost exclusively in
Zurich and Bern. The Rue Mt. Blanc
is the business part of the city and
leads TO the Pont du Mont Blanc.
which Is separated from the Point DIES
Bergues by Rosseeu's Island united to
he latter by bridge. The Quail du
Mont Blanc is the main entrance by
water to the city and nearby are quays
where tempting shops. including those
IN which are TO be found the famous
watches and ivory tewelry. for which
Geneva is so noted
The best hotels are on the lake
front and the view OF the famous Mt.
Blanc from their windows is beautiful
even more go than at Chamonix which
lies directly at ITS foot. At sunset the
view from the Lake at Geneva is I'M
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20

red cross flag as an arm badge and the
red cross flag fying over a building
was to be respected by all nations. Il
was here TOO that i; was decided that
all hospital ships must be marked with
green stripe,
Geneva is delightfully."- situated at
the south end of a Lake by the same
name. Including suburbs which are
almost as interesting as the c.tS Itself,
IL contains about l2p, o0e inhabitants,
The River Rhoue divides lhs city IN
two parts, one known as the old ,oWE
on the left bank where The Vcrn-
ment Offices and business houses are
located. On the right bank are the
Quarter St Gervais and the beautiful
suburb of Les Paquis. which has
grown with extraordinary rapidity
since the removal OF the old fortifica-
tons in 1850
Early History
The city is the capital of 4 small bat
populous canton OF the same name
and has an interesting history II i
mentioned as long ago as the t';rsi
century. b. c.. and was "A Roman
province. AS far back as 1873 /, was
the capital of .Burgundian kingdom
In 53{ II came INTO the possession II
the Franks. Later In 1893 it becam"
part of the German Empire and N
1884 the Emperor Conrad H. caused
himself to be crowned there as King
OF Burgundy. There were many con
hicts between the Bishops of Geneva
and the Imperial Counts OF Geneva.
In 1913 the city formed an alliance
with Frihourg and eight years LATER
with Bern.
Then came the Reformation which
Geneva zealopsly embraced and in
1909 John Calvin. a refugee from
France. found asylum at Geneva. In
1888 he was banished. but on his re-
turn three years later, his eloqnence
charmed the people. but his sway was
tyrannical and intolerant. and Michial
Seryetus. q Spanish physician. who
had written against the doctrine Of the
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20

Upright 1919 The international Syndicate.
is a remarkable coincidence that
lust one hundred years after the
'ir%t steamship crossed the Atlantic
u flying machine should undertake
ne same voyage. The people OF that
dry 40 doubt were far more skeptical
OF Il he ability OF vessel propelled by
steam to make Us way to Europe than
are we of the present time that an
s'rplane will perform the same feat.
The progress in locomotive inventions
during the last generation has been
little short of marvellous. and as mans
genius has provided many wonderful
means of transportation on land far
beyond the Imagination of those of
few years ago 1t Is not surprising that
ne same genius. courage and perse-
verance will overcome all the obsta cles
N the way OF transportation over the
ocean through the air. The occasion
Tor the experiment Is most appropri-
ate. and no better time could have
been selected for the initial voyage of
an airplane to Europe than the cen
tenary anniversary Of the first success
fui trip OF a steamer. 1t is doubtful
fthe periis of the air to flying ma
chine on such a voyage are regarded
today as more dangerous than were
he peris OF the ocean to the steamer
century ago.
Trip Started May %. 1919.
The anniversary of the first success
fui crossing OF the Atlantic ocean one
hundred years ago will be comment
Grated on May 22nd. the date
when the Savannah sailed from
Philadelphia for Liverpool. and 1t is
likely that the Quaker City will have
great celebration OF the event. The
boat was built in New York and was
launched on August e2nd She
was mastered by the two Rogers
CAPTAIN Moses Rogers, the Comman.
der. and Captain Stephen Rogers, the
Sailing Mate. The vessel was three
hundred and eighty tons burden.
Evolution or Steam As Motive Power
Steam as motive power on the wa
Ter had been tried on rivers and lake.
many years before. for as far back as
tats it is said that Blasco de Garray,
a native eff Riscay. had tried a vessel
OF Two hundred and nine tons called
The Trinity" with more or. less sue
cess at Barcelona. Spain--the motive
power OF this vessel being a caldron of
boiling water and movable wheel
suspended on each side of the vessel.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20

reproduced here. was kept by the
masters. The valuable relic II made
up of ninety-zx pages Of coarse. wide
paper, and Is in tho handwriting OF
Stephen Rogers. the Sailing Master,
who died in New London. Connecticut.
in 1865. aged seventy four years. The
log Is owned by his descendants.
The Savannah made only one trip
across the Atlantic. After this trip
the engines were removed and she was
used as sailing vessel between New
York and Savannah. She was wrecked
In 1921.
Largest Steamship or Today
After this crossing, steamship build
ing began IN earnes. and companies
were formed who We'd with each other
In the swiftness and beauty Of their
vessels. As years went by they grew
in size as we'll as In the luxury OF
their furnishings. The war stopped
the beautiful passenger type OF ship.
and in 1914 the largest steamship on
the ocean was known as the Water
land" which belonged to a German
steamship company. She happened to
be at Hoboken when the war broke
out and was interned. When America
Joined the Allies she was taken over
to carry our troops to the other side
and her named changed to 'Levia-
than" Only short time ago she
brought nearly thirteen thousand OF
our boys home from their duty "over
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20
A Short Sketch of fhePic-
turesque City SeiectedTo
Be the Meeting Place of
the League of Nations.
.opyrisb,. 1919. The International Syndicate

'npyright, 1918, The International Syndicate
- HE League OF Nations is assured
and whatever difference OF opin'
ion there might be as TO its terms
- and conditions, there was none
Is to the need for such a combination
Il Nations. When the establishment
Il the League was determined upon.
4ome contest arose as to the place
where the tribunals created thereby
hould sit and decide the moment OF us
luestions coming within Its jurisdic,
ION. Although Brussels made WIG.
rous fight for the honor. Geneva was
lnaIly selected. This was an excellen,
. we'll As most fitting choice. The
,eautiful city Of the still more beau
. iful and picturesque Switzerland has
cen the scene OF many arbitrations
ealing with serious and delicate prob
ems resulting from warfare.
Scene OF Many Settlements
II was there that the Alabama
laims were settled. claims Of the
United States against England for per-
hitting the Alabama and other armed
essels to be built in English territory.
be used by the Confederate States
gainst friendly power.
Geneva was the seat of two conven-
,ons establishing the rights and priv
eyes OF soldiers wounded in war and
I those whose sacred duty II Is to
are Tor the dead and wounded The
rst convention held In 1864 consisted
ren articles In reference to the neu-
ratity of hospitals and ambulances,
. Ne second one held in 1868 was on
re same subject and consisted partly
liz interpretations Of the former con-
ention and partly Of an application
I III principles ~ 70 maritime war
Are,s 81 Nas at this time that Il was
1xn9 that the person wearing the
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20
The Savannah

The Rogers brothers were enthuss-
astic over the idea of the trip TO Liver
pool and induced a number OF cap
italists to purchase the ship just
launched. and so well adapted for the
purpose. Accordingly, she was named
Savanna h." They allowed the rigging
and other appurtenances for sailing 10
remain and supplied her with steam
machinery and paddle-wheeis- lat
ter constructed to fold up like a fan
and to be laid upon deck when not in
use. her shaft having also joint for
that purpose. The wheel-house was
made OF canvas extended on an iron
rim. She made her trial voyage from
New York to Savannah in April. 1918.
in seven days after a tempestuous pas
sage during which she had to take In
her wheels several times and rely upon
her sails. President Monroe was at
Charleston. South Carolina. and Mr..
Scarborough, one Of the financial back
ers of the future ocean trip. directed
that she go in there and give tho Pres
ident an invitation 10 come on ship
board. Owing TO other business the
President was compelled to decline,
but said he would come to Savannah
TO meet the steamer and few days
later. accompanies by his suite. sew
erai naval officers and civilians the
President came aboard and Inspected
the ship and was taken on little trip
down the river, the vessel using its
steam on the journey. Later the Pres
ident dined on board and expressed
himself as delighted with the project.
On the trip across the ocean the
steamship started from New York. but
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20

She Is an evolution from the three
hundred and eighty ton Savannah"
which had few comforts, TO a magnifi.
cent steamship OF sixty-fve thousand
tons-a veritable floating palace, and
represents the worlds progress In a
century of steamship building. How
will the Atlantic be crossed one hum
dra5 wears hence?
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1919-05-20

lost. However. 1t was determined TO
make a coastwise voyage as q trial.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-01-25
s.r,+or John W. Smith Auto VietirT''

baltimore, Md, Jan. 23.-John Wall
.0r smith. senior United States sena-
tor @ from Maryland, was knocked down
by an automobile as he was leaving
tbe MARYLAND club. His left shoulder
NOS dislocated and toe on his right
foot broken.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-01-25
sincerity" Frees War DIRECTORS.

Washington. Secretary Baker or
dered the release of lib conscientious
obiectors, held at Fort LeavenWorth
the remission of the uneXecuted por-
tions of their sentences, their honor
able restoration to duty" and imme-
diate discharge from the army The
men released comprise two classes. In
one group are 80 men who heretofore
have been recommended by the Board
of Inquiry, headed by Judge Julian
Mack, for furlough. Group includes
those men whom the Board of Inquiry,
on re-examination, found to be sincere,
and who in its judgment would have
been recommended for furlough If they
had had opportunity of being examined
by it before the court-martial proceed
ings. Secretary Baker instructed that
the discharges granted these conscien-
tious directors should be written on q
special form which includes the fol-
lowing remark: This Is conscien-
tious obiector, who has done no mill
tary duty whatsoever and who refused
to wear the uniform"
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-01-25
GOOD ROADS MEN ORGANIZE
Kansas City Conference Results in
Permanent Body and Policy
Federal Aid Urged.

Kansas City, Mo-, Jan. 23.-Dele-
gates from 81 good roads associations,
each of which has trail of more than
800 miles, touching at least three
states, held their first nationwide con
ference here and perfected permanent
organization, choosing "The Associat-
ed Highways of America as the Off
cial title. Forty-eight bodies, repre-
senting all states but Massachusetts,
had delegates present, but only 81
could at this time meet the qualitica'
tions for membership. Resolutions
setting forth the purpose of the new
league were adopted. VA we'll defined
and. connected system of improved
highways in order to expedite the dis
tribution of large volumes of food
stuffs, so per cent of which now are
wasted on account of the lack OF
prompt and adequate highway trans
portation," is one of the greatest ends
to be sought, according to the resolu-
ions.
1t was resolved to urge that the pres
ent federal appropriation for aid tol
the states be continued and increased,
and the Bankhead federal aid bill,
which would appropriate $20O,000,O00
to further good roads, was indorsed.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1919-01-25
MAY RELEASE PLAYERS
Head of American League Con-
fers With General March.
Ban johnson Continues Efforts to Get
Baseball Men Out of Army In
Time for Spring Training.

Washington, Jan. 23.-Ban Johnson
president of the American league,
called at the war department in con-
nection with his efforts to get base
ball players out of the army in time
for the spring training and prepare
tion for the coming season. He took
with him list Of players and war de-
partment officials undertook to locate
them for him in order that the clubs
niay arrange ta Iiasse tIieni MI apfIis
cations for discharge.
Mr.. Johnson conferred with General
March, chief of staff. So far as is
known there will be no change in the
policy of the department not to issue
any special order in favor of baseball
players. but to treat them as all other
soldiers are treated and leave it to
their immediate commanders to pass
upon their applications for discharge.
Since the league players have their
places awaiting them, however, they
fall within the class of soldiers COM
manding officers have been authorized
to discharge without delay where milf
tary efficiency would not be injured by
that action.
This order of the government will
affect the White Sox very little, ac-
cording to South side officials. Two
Of the clubs ablebodied catchers are
In the army in France and have seen
some thrilling service on the firing
line. They are Joe Jenkins and George
Less, Jr. The team is well fortified
behind the plate, however, with Ray
Schalk, worlds greatest receiver in
Chicago. prepared to enter the fray
in the fresh season.
The entire Sox team that finished
+, the season in 1918 Is out of service
and free to enter baseball at the first
call.
Chicago Cub officials are particularly
interested in the decision of the wal
. department concerning men still In the
service abroad. They have only two
men over there, but one of these men
is worth half dozen star players. He
is Pitcher Grover Alexander, who is
doing duty with the Three Hundred
and Forty-second field artillery on the
Rhine.
All the clubs In the National league
will be more or less affected by the
ruling of the war department.