davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
Specializing Often Wins

Many persons do not market by par eel post because they do not nave large variety of produce or because their supply is available only part oi the year. While it is true that con tinuous supply of a number or prou- ucts is more satisfactory to customers such a supply is not absolutely neces- sarv in order to establish parcel post trade.
 Many persons have secured custom . CTS by specializing in one or two kinos of produce, such as butter or esss' which can be supplied during the en- tire year, and then these customers have offered an outlet for others com l. modities which can be furnished ohiy occasionally or for produce when IS rarely to be had on city markets. Tn most of these cases it was necessary only to send a letter or card to satis- fled regular customers asking them if they wished to obtain certain klnds of produce that were for sale at tha' time.
 Such letters tend to keep up per sonal relationship between the pre- ducer and his customers which maKef it easier to keep up business relations
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
Home Demonstration

More than 1000 women home economic workers were employed in the 33 north ern and western states last year teach ing the imperative necessity for produc- ing and conserving foods. Fewer than 200 were engaged in this work in 1917. Of the 1000, 96 were employed in cities. 361 in single counties, and the rest in statewide home demonstration work. These agents taught the conservation of surplus food products by means of dem onstrations, food shows, and bread kitch- ems, and trained volunteer workers to assist in the work In one state an ex tension force of 3 home economic work CTS gave instruction in food conservation to 2200 local leaders. These local lead CTS reached 5000 women who canned s. 25o,0 GOO quarts of fruits and vegetables during the season.
 Among the outstanding results of the home demonstration work are more and better home gardens, both in the country and in the towns more home poultry flocks, many community drying and can ming kitchens, large quanties of canned dried, and stored food, and increased use of milk and milk products. The home demonstrations agents have taken an im- portant part in the special food cam paigns, such as those for increased con- sumption of potatoes, cottage cheese, and homegrown products.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
Tea

From the London) Saturday Review
 No deprivation can come amiss that is needed to win the war, but having regard to the innocent solace it brings in hours of anxiety and distress, from which so many are suffering at this time, it is to beh oped that it may not be found necessary to impose any further restrictions on the sale of tea. There is no scarcity of tea in the pro- ducing countries, and the shipping difficulties, whatever they may have been, seem to have been overcome, as the stock of tea in the country in April last was 16,O0O,000 pounds larger than it had been at the same period in any of the last six years. in none of which has any dearth been expe- rienced It is stated that the team inn ported and available for distribution Is 312,000,O0O pounds per annum, and as on a consuming population of 5000, 900, exclusive of the army and navy, which obtain their supplies from other sources, the amount required at two ounces per head per week would be 279, 500, 900 pounds, there would be a surplus of 33,000.00O pounds and no oc- casion for rationing. As regards tea we are infinitely better off than the other belligerent and neutral countries
 There are good stocks of it in this country and it is coming in regularly.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
Alien or Ally?

Katherine B. Winter, in World Out
 look.
 When the war came we discovered that we were one country of many nations; that one-third of our entire population was foreign-born, that without the immigrant our war time industries would break down; that one fourth of the arm-bearing power of our army had been raised under other flags The man whom we had been calling alien we needed. must have as an ally"
 Our national conscience had received a jolt, and the immigrant as an asset and responsibility had made himselt heard at last.
 Through the national Americanzation committee, organized in 1915, in con-
 junction with the committee on inlmi-
 grafton in America and the immigra-
 ton committee of the chamber of com merce of the United States of America, we mean to atone int so far as possible for past sins of omission and cominls- sion Broadly speaking. the programme includes: an English Language Firsti movement, in which evening schools and factory schools will loom large; an America First" campaign. in which courses in civics, official citizenship receptions an dthe substitution of an all nation Loyalty Day" for an Ameri- can ancestor Independence Day ara limportant features; a Conservation" movement by which it is hoped 10 thring about the ideal condition of en- ployers and employees working to- | eether for one another's ge.od; and an 1 l"American Standard of Living" cam paign. in which the native born has the initial responsibility of providing tho | foreigner with housing conditicns which he would be willing to offer his American sons and daughters and him- self interpreting the American stand ards to the foreigner.
 When next we are called to take au Iaccount of stock in terms of our inmi-. grant population, let us hope that. we | shall have made good our noast of equal opportunity for all. and that we can define our United States as one nation of many peoples.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
Future of Woman Labor

Thomas F. Logan. in Leslies
 Women as a sex have obtained inesti- mable benefits from the war, They Will no more be willing to relinquish these advantages than will the la ,0ring class. Equal pay for equal work IS propa- ganda that can no more be aoated than that for equal suffrage. The nations of inc world in working out their recon struction programmes are all recogniz- ing this durable condition. The Britsh cabinet is fully committed to maintain the standards of women workers. al though they recognize the hurry call 10 supply jobs to demobilized soldiers.
 Fred erick c. Kellaway. parliamentary
 secretary of the ministry of munitions,
 declares that the 4,750.0Oo women in indus tries in England can retain employment
 provided they exercise patience. In Amer
 lea the organization of women in indus try has announced it's opDosition to re-
 linauishing the war jobs they have held
 down so satisfactorily. Backed by the
 mower of suffrage. they will make 1t most
 unpleasant for any politician or offical who proposes to subordinate their claims. The solution of the problem Is to provide employment for all workers of both sexes. That ought not to be difficult task in the period when reconstruction needs are calling forth all Of our indus trial energy. In the event that competl' tion develops between woman and man ,abor, some truths are already clear. The British government has found man labor cheaper. In many occupations womer were slower They required better sur roundngs. They were less permanent 1T a given job. Five women could do tht work of only three men. Equal pay fol equal work does not mean equal wage: ] for individuals.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
CHOLERA LOSSES ARE FALLING

Losses from hog cholera declined greatly in the four years, 1911 to 1917, and a further reduction is expected for 1918, say a letter from the Secretary of Agriculture to Addison T. Smith, member of the House of Representa- tives.
 The secretary calls attention to the necessity for state cooperation in the federal governments campaign against this destructive animal disease.
 The losses for 1914 totaled 6,304,S00 animals. which. valued at $10.40 a head, made monetary loss of s6Z697, ,461; for 1917, 2,952, 144 animals. valued at S11.73 q head, a monetary loss of SS2.475, 19O. During the four years the number of animals taken by the disease was 1S,- SS3,901. representing a value of $1SS, 44S,643.
 "Estimates obtained from state au- thorities during November and reports from our inspectors in charge of hog cholera control work" says the secre- tary, indicate that there will be a further reduction of losses from the disease during the present year G91S)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
The Up-tO-Date Drug Store

W. Livingston Larned in the Christian
 Herald
 Your modern druggist Is business man. He must be, to live and to get on. There is far less of the ancient chemist over a stone crock and far more of the modern salesman catering to this generation. His shop is clean-very clean. It is characteristic of the up-to- date drug store to be immaculate. light bright. airy. prepossessing It is rather pleasure than otherwise to enter and do business with your twentieth century apothecate.
 Gone is the dull and depressing at mosphere of drugs. They are there ah yes, just as many and more. Better drugs< prepared under far better condi- tions and kept in far better way. But they are purposely held in the back ground.
 Please note one significant thing-the modern drug store is a delight to the eye and to the senses. There is nothing at all to indicate that the drugs you buy there are less potent than they were in the day of our grandfathers Because a man sells manufactured ivory toilet articles or cooking devices. done ir dainty aluminium it does not signify that the prescription filled somewhere 1T that store will not measure up to fui efficiency.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30

except in New York, Pennsylvania and Washington where no cooperative work is being conducted by the depart- ment. The monetary loss. however will still be great owing to the in- creased value of this class of farm animals over that of previous years
 "A recent article, in which conditions
 in Iowa are discussed indicates that the number of hogs lost in that state from cholera in 1914 was approximate ly 3,000.000 while the losses for 1917 amounted to less than 100000. Condi- tions in Iowa, however, nave been more favorable to the efforts of the CO., operative forces engaged in hog cholera control work in that state during the last two years than previously.
 "The reduction of losses has been less in certain other states due largely to circumstances which have handi- capped our efforts in controlling the disease. We cannot hope to be so sue cessful in states where hogs have ac- cess to open ranges as in localities where herds are restricted to the prem ises of the owner and kept away from sources of contamination.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
Avoid Losing Millions

The misuse of the by-products or farm crops during the past has caused American farmers to lose millions o1 dollars annually. Nothing offers great CT opportunity for Increased and more economical production of farm meats and dairy products than by the more effective use of such products. To bring farming operations up to the highest possible state of efficiency. all by-products must be used in an eco nomical manner. Conditions are such as to urge the conservation Of every available farm resource and every American farmer should make study of conditions existing on his own farm with the idea of utilizing such prod- ucts as have heretofore been wasted.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
Wade's GOOd-by Letter

Before turning the office of commits sioner of agriculture and industries over to my successor, I wish to thank the people of Alabama for giving me the opportunity of serving in this very inn portant official capacity. If I have meas ured up to your expectation in services rendered, I am glad. If I have disap- pointed you, I am sorry. The only ex- plaration that I have to make is to say that I did the very best l could under the circumstances which I have labored. I want to thank the newspapers for their cooperation. They have made it possible for me to reach every home in Alabama through their columns with my weekly letter service. I can truthfully say that I have always found the pa- pers ready and willing to publish any B thing that contained news and beneficial instructions, when submitted to them properly expressed in a condensed form. To them we are much indebted for the success that has attended our efforts.
 The Alabama Polytechnic Institute and all of it's officers, professors and ex- tension workers have been exceedingly kind and cooperative with me. I wish to thank them publicly for their kind ness and cooperation and to give them due credit for the many good things
 
 I also express my thanks to my splen- did clerical force who so Loyalty and ef- ficently aided me in formulating and ex- ecuting the policies of the administra- ton.
 must not forget the farmers who stood by us in the crisis which has closed just as loyalty as the soldiers stood by their guns on the western front in France. I want to thank them for their loyal kindness, cooperation and confi- dence during these four years, beginning with bankruptcy, including boil weevil invasion, floods and war, all of which we have survived to victorious and prosperous end
 I cannot leave without warning tho farmers about their future and how to safeguard the present prosperity. The good times we are now enjoying have been brought about as result of small cotton crops, higher prices and large crops of corn, peanuts. hay, potatoes and livestock. The same system that brought prosperity will maintain it permanently. If the south for one time fails to pro- duce sufficient food, feed and livestock and turns heavily to cotton, prosperity will be gone for years to come. Twelve million bales of cotton or less Will sell for 25 cents per pound or more next tail. Fifteen million bales of cotton would sell next fall for 15 cents per pound or less. MT Cotton Farmer, your wisdom or iack of wisdom will either conserve or splll your prosperous opportunity during your next crop. You are agriculturally on thin ice. Tread cautiously.
 May ask the farmers and co-opera- tive agencies to extend to my successor Hon. M. C. AIlgood, the same courtesies that you have extended to me. Officially goodbye, JAMES A. WADE; Commissioner of Agriculture and Indus
 tries.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
Fertilizer Value Shown

The Cattaraugus county (N. Y) farm bureau conducted 5 fertilizer tests last year, using plots with lime alone, lime and acid phosphate and acid phos- phate alone. Check plots were used for determining results. Where lime and acid phosphate were used thete was a profit of S15.94 an acre, and where acid phosphate alone was ap- piled there was a profit of $15.42 an acre. Where lime alone was used there was a loss of $156 an acre, but the next years hay crop should make up this loss and pay, in addition, from 150 to 200 per cent on the investment In this county 31 900 acres of oats are grown annually. If 25 per cent of the oat-growing farmers would adopt the practice it is believe they would gain SS72 a year
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
WATCH STOCK ALL THE TIME AND BE ON SAFE SIDE
Care of Seed Corn

Conclusive evidence has been obtained from several lines of work conducted by the United States det ~rtment of a6rl- culture to prove that the productive power of corn plant is influenced by the treatment received by the kernel from which the plant grew from the time t r.pened until it was planted. It has been common knowledge that injury to seed corn would reduce it's germinaoility These investigations have extended be- yond germinability and determined the effects of seed treatment upon produc- tivity of independent germlnability.
 A good stand may be obtained by the thick planting of poor seed, but with an optimum stand of plants from injured seed such plants are less productive than the same number from uninjured seed. These results follow when the seed is in- iured by normal weather conditions as well as when injured by subjection to
 moisture, freezing and thawing- Me chanical mutilations of kernels similar to the chipping. cracking. and breaking that to some extent take place in shelters and planters reduce the productiveness of the plants that grow from such kernels. The point of value that has been estab- lished is that. independent of heredity' and independent of germiuability, any | injury to dormant seeded reduces the power of such seed to produce good 1 crop. Seed corn of 100 per cent germina- | ton. laboriousy secured from injured
 seed by individual ear germination tests, i is less productive than seed that matured
 well and was cared for as to make l individual ear testing unnecessary. Tests under the same environmental
 conditions of widely dissimilar varieties thave brought out the value i'll long sea
 son districts of making plantings at dif-
 ferent- periods and using at least two
 varieties of different seasonal require
 ments in order better to meet the exig-
 encies of the season and to insure
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
WISE POLICY IN THE SOUTH

The following letter from the secre- tary of agriculture has been sent to John M. Parker of New Orleans, fed eral food administrator for Louisiana:
 'T have your. letter of December 16, in which you call attention to the fact that there is feeling among the farm CTS that it would be to their advantage to plant the maximum cotton crop dur ing the coming year.
 "The agricultural colleges, in co-op- eration with the department through the joint extension forces, have been organizing for several weeks past for the purpose of bringing before the farmers in the several states, early in the new year, definite suggestions for the operations of 1919. In the cotton states these joint forces will hold neighborhood meetings. beginning in the early part of January and continu- ing for such time as may be neces-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30

sary to cover the territory At these
 meetings the farmers will be furnished
 with the latest information that the
 department and the colleges have been
 able to gather concerning the pros
 poets for the next year. Generally
 speaking, the extension forces arc
 agreed that the wise policy for south
 ern farmers to pursue in 1919 is to
 make sure the production of thcir
 own home supplies of both food and
 feed. Attention will be called to the fact that an average yield of cotton on the acreage of 1918 will produce two to three million bales more than was produced in 1918. ss "On account of the unsettled condi- tions in Europe, it is impossible to
 make any definite forecast of the eco homie situation, but certainly it is a safe policy to pursue for the farmers of the south to raise their own home supplies of both food and feed"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
Plant Food Pointers

The size of an application of fertih- ger should be determined by the maxl- mum crop profits rather than by the of fertilizer
 A hundred or two pounds of fertil- Fer will bring largest returns per pound on the investment in fertilizer. but two or three or more times this amount vii! usually bring the largest crop returns and profits on the acre of crops.
 As a rule. it has been considered that two thirds of the nitrogen in a legume plant is taken from the air and one third from the soil.
 Two thirds of the nitrogen of le- gume is usually in the part above ground and one-third in the roots' Therefore. when cut off for hay, the legume has neither added to nor sub tracted from the soil store.
 One bale of cotton grown on an acre
 removes in seed S2 lbs. of nitrogen Followed by a 5o-bushel crop of corn, the grain removes 56 lbs. of nitrogen. One ton of cowpeas grown in the corn constitutes 42 lbs. of nitrogen, whe turned under. Oats grown on the acre remove in 50 bushels AS lbs, of nitro gen Followed by tons of cowpeaS turned under. S4 lbs of nitrogen i' added. In the three year rotation. t | more pounds of nitrogen have been los' l than contributed.
 | Leaching and identification usually remove as much nitrogen yearly as tha | removed by non-legume crop. II the above three-year rotation 136 lbs are lost in this way which added t' i the 10 lbs shortage makes l46 IDS. O
 nitrogen to apply in three years, wher' | legumes are grown as often as posslor and turned under.
 Nitrogen through rainfall and o'ne l bacteria than that associated with le gumes, has never been found to De any material consequence, at least new l proven SO
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
In French Hospitals

From sister to Million Men" by Roy
 s. Durstine. in the Scribner.
 She is the sort of girl you would like to take to tea somewhere today. She would know exactly what kind Of tea she wanted and she would be very critical about the sandwiches ana cakes.
 You used to see scores of girls like her on country club porches when the late brilliant sun was slanting in your face as you walked up from the eight eenth green. She ran good deal to fioppy hats and slim silken angles and gay parasols. You thought she didn't have d thought in her head.
 But she had a very definite thought, and it's taken her to France. Today you see her against very different back ground You see her walking very lightly around a hospital ward. She has a blue veil on her head now instead of floppy hat. She has pile or band ages or clean sheets in her hands in- stead of the parasol. Only her ankles God bless 'em!--are the same. just as slim and silken as ever.
 Perhaps she went to France with false notions of sentimentality or with an absurd. impulsive offer of service which seemed very immature and very impractical Perhaps you thought to yourself: Shell be lot of help in a hospital. she will! Why. she needs a nurse herself"
 Perhaps she did. But watch her now l in the ward where she rules over a score and a half of wounded mon fl her own right Watch her as she moves i from bed to bed.
 "How's the old arm feeling now Bill?, she asks. Didn't the doctor gel that bandage on straight? Well. yoI
 wait till tell him what I think O | him"
 "Oh, it's all right. I guess" says Bill
 "How about you Mason?' she is a 1 the next bed "Feel well enough fol l that ong-promised bathT' 1 Gee! Thatd be immense And then this girl. who wouldn have washed her own hair before te'
 war. gets her basins and her towels
 and her soap and goes at It.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
Old Straw For
 Beef Cattle

In an experiment conducted at the Indiana experiment station to test the feeding value of oat straw it was found that a ration of corn silage, corn, ana cotton seed meal was just as valuable for economy and extent of grains when used with oat straw as when fed With clover hay. As such a ration is eXte.i- sively used in various parts Of the United States it's practical value can readily be seen. Straw and stover are especially valuable for the wintering OF breeding herds of beef cattle, and should form a large part of then feed.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
HOme-Made Bottle

bottle to keep liquids hot made rom A salad oil bottle, an oatmeal carton' some excelsior and 13 cents worth or oli- cloth for a cover, is the creation or an Alabama girl member of boys ana girls club of that state.
 sawdust, hay. burlap, paper Tn pulp form, or soft material that easily may be compressed may be used instead oi excelsior for packing between the glass and the carton.
 ..rhe bottle was a success from every standpoint; the very thing for children in carry to school and not break, writes the Coker field agent to the states re lations service, United States depart /, ment of agriculture. Tt keeps liquio hot for four and one-half hours by actual test''
 The device was shown at receh' county demonstration.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-01-30
New Publications

The following publications were IS sued by the United States department of agriculture during the week enced January H. 1919:
 The Significance of the Colon Count in Raw Milk" Professional paper. De- partment Bulletin 739
 "The Economical Use of Fuel in Milk Plants and Creameries." Department bulletin TAT.
 Sweet Clover on Corn Belt Farms" Farmers Bulletin 1005
 Recreation Uses oh the National For ests" Forest service)
 Copies of these publications may be obtained on application to the division of publications. United states depart ment of agriculture, Washington, D. C.