davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1919-10-02
TRANSFERS IN
REAL ESTATE

Martin pyrud to Herbert l.. Jones,
land in Baraboo, 81.
Albertena L. Denzer to Herman
Weinke, land in North Freedom, $1,000.
John p. Enge to Eugene Enge, land
in Honey Creek, ST.
John j. Sheahan to August Schnet-
te, land in Ironton, $4,000.
August Schnette to Ernest Schultz,
land in Ironton, $500.
Andrew Reible to Louis Buechuer,
Ind in Sank City, 81
w. M. Allen to PIP. Kelly, land in
Delton, 81.
Jennie Frye to ]. V. Frye, land in
Ironton, $4,000.
Gertrude M. Pearson to John Conk-
lin, land in La Vale, $4,000.
w. C. E. Lueht to Henry Held, land
in La Vale, $4,000
Geo. r. Binnell to EmEa Bonnell
land in North Freedom, 81.
v. o. Bailey to William Chamness,
land in La Vale, $4,000.
William Chamness to Ora Lobdell,
land in La Vale $1,000.
| Joseph Dudleston to Clyde LobdeH,
land in La Vale 81.
| Charles Briggs to V. 0. Bailey, land
in La Vale, $4,000.
]. E. Buerkito Leigh III. Wilson, land
in Sumpter, $4,000.
/ Walter G. Philipsto Kenneth A. Phil
| lips, land in Washington , 81.
I t0 0ify nf Ro
| in Baraboo ST..
| Edward Ludloff to Louis M. Huzzer,
land in Reedsburg, $4,000.
Mary G. Terry to Edward M. Terry,
land at Devils Lake, 81 400.
julius Gluth to Nancy a. Hall, land
in Baraboo, 81.
! John w. Bawr to Joseph Hartl, land
in Franklin, $1,000.
Mrs. Rose Kingsley TO Edward Kru-
ger, land in Reedsburg, 81.
Annie Raymour to r. B .Maloney,
land in Baraboo 81.
Albert M. Myers to Garth II. Promo,
Evelyn Getchell to F. w. Rueben-
sail land in Baraboo 81.
| George w. Hughes to J. III. Harland,
land in Baraboo, 81.
| Mrs. Addie w. Griggs to Jacobs
Kramer land in Baraboo. 81.
| Emil Rehbein to August F. Yeck
| land in La Vale $18800.
w. III. Britton ito Herman Wiley,
land in BaraboO, 1900.
| Ellis G.. Hart to Anthony Dixon,
land in Prairie du Sac.
Harvey burke to Charles S. Abbott
land in Sumpter 25.
Georc eidenkoff to George ~.
| Hughs land in Baraboo.
George Hoeverman to John Rigg-
| ert land in Westfield. 81
| William H. Ware to William Kohl
meyer land in Westfield. $500.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1919-10-02

Our tiye press is now in running
order and we are ready to push oD
and off solid truck tires. Full line
Of solid tires in stock, also all sizes
OF Fiske pneumatic auto tires.
We have for sale three useo.
Ford cars, six-cylinder Buick
touring car and a model 81 Buick.
Prices reasonable. Berkley Auto
company. Phone 336.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1919-10-02
MERRIMACK

Mrs. Kate O'keefe OF Madison spent
last week with her daughter, Mrs.
Dennis Dwyer, who is very ill.
Mr.. and Mrs John Meyers attended
a reception in honor of Mr.. and Mrs.
Roy Perry at Baraboo Friday evening.
Mr.. Perry is a nephew OF Mrs. Meyers
and was recently married at that
place.
August Kunce was recent guest OF
his son, William Kunce, and grand
daughter, Mrs Obart HAITI, and fami-
lies.
e.IIkA fo,o1,-o11 rooopfioy, woo oiuop Dr
and Mrs M. T. Martin and son Theo-
dore at Towers Hall Friday evening.
Abountious lunch was served and a.
about 200 old friends and neighbors
were present Rev. and Mrs. Hopper
were also given a welcome to this
place. Speeches were made by f. j.
Won Berg cashier of the State Bank
of this place and Supt. A. c. Klngsford
Supt. of schools of Baraboo and re-
sponces by DR.. M. T. Martin and Rev.
Hopper The evening was pleasantly
spent socially and much credit should
be given htoSe who assisted. Guests
from away were County Clerk and
Mrs. F. A. Cooper and daughter Gwen
delyn and A. c.. Kingsford OF Bara-
boo, and Mrs. Rindle of Portland,
Oregon.
j. Schools opened here Monday with
Principal Earnest Weinkee, Miss Nc
Donald of Watertown, Miss Marie
Fauchs of Reedsburg and Miss Eileen
Keer as assistants.
| Mrs. Sarah Pigg of Baraboo and son
Walter Pigg of Chicago were recent
guests of her son Harry r. Pigg and
/ gudahter Mrs. William O'keefe and
families.
On Friday about, 4 P. NJ. Mr. Harry
r. Pigg and wife and mother Mrs.
Sarah Pigg and DR.. F. Tryon while
driving in Mr. Piggs auto near the
Railroad crossing he met team
driven by Charles Stewart and were
driving slowly to pass them, Maurice
the little son, about years old OF MI.
Oman. who manages the lumber yard
for Stewart Alexander lumber Co. here
came from behind the wagon and was
accidently hit by the auto and ne Tell
upon the paved road. The little fellow
was bruised on the cheek also neck
and one shulder and has bee IN an
unconscious condition much OF the
time. He appears to be on the gain at
present and everything is being done
to make him comfortable.
I Mrs. Madeira Promo has returned
from Brooks, Mimi She was accom-
panied as far as Baraboo by Mrs. Let
tie De Lap who was called here by the
srious illnessof her brother Charles
lfawsing who is i'll at a Madison Hos
pital
Rev. and Mrs. Hopper and little sor
have arrived from Shell Lake, Wis.
and occupy the M. E. Parsonage here
Rev. and Mrs. w. F. Nofciers and
!, daughter departed for Ohio Friday
}. where they will spend an indifinatt
time with his parents then go to Ken
lucky to reside.
[ Mrs. Phoebe Loose and daughter
| Mrs. Alice Marshall were guests OF
Mrs III. NJ. Peck one day last week.
Carl Kirchstein went to Stevens
, Point Saturday and will teach
school in that vicinity.
q MRS. John AstIe OF Reedsburg was ;
guest of her mother, Mrs. Saral
y PaTkin. =
DR.. and Mrs Martin and SON, Theo
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1919-10-02

DON'T MISS THIS. Cut out this
slip enclose with sc to Foley & Co.,
1886 Sheffield ave., Chicago, ILL.,, writ
ing your name and address clearly. You
will receive in turn a trial package
containing Foleys Honey and tar COM
pound for coughs and colds and Group.
Foley Catharic Tablets. Sold every
where.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1919-10-02
NOTICE

Persons indebted to J. S. Griggs e
Co. can pay at teh old stand where
the accounts can be examined. If /
am not present successors will re-
ceiye payment and give receipts.
r. B. GRIGGS.
Administrator.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1919-10-02

At Madison Tranor Bros are manu-
featuring potato chips by the whole
sale to be sold in thirty three coun-
ties in Wisconsin, including Sank.
They will be manufactured and sold
to the jobbers.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1919-10-02
ABLEMkis

Hnry Holman Of Chicago visited
his sister, Mrs. Charlie ]. Schanke of
Ableman.
Mr.. and Mrs G. J. Schanke and
daughter Rosette and son Albert Wis
tied Sunday with William Egerer.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1919-10-02

expecting to return Sunday evening
but were unable to do SO on account
,oa the rain.
Sam Thompson has been helping on
the Thompson brothers farm a few
days. e
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1919-10-02

her parental home, Mr.. and Mrs. Geo
Fuchs here
Mrs. Kathrine Sprecher is visiting
her son Andrew and friends at Mil
waukee.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-04-03
Bowel GAS CROWDED
Her LUNGS AND HEART
Mrs. Wilbur Could Hardly Breathe
Stomach Trouble All Gone

"A year ago had such bad case of
stou1ach trouble that at times II was hard
to keep life in me. So much gas gath
cred that it crowded my lungs and heart
a good doctor all winter but got no re
lief 1 cougned most all the time and
got so thin and weak I could scarcely
walk.
Il commenced taking Milks Emulsion
on April IL In IS hours all pain had
Then 1 commenced to gain IN strength
and appetite and flesh. L am convinced
that Milks Emulsion saved my life. -
Mrs. Isabella 1. Wilbur. Webb. Iowa.
Mrs. Wilbur is only one of thousands
who have promptly rid themselves of
It is guaranteed. and costs nothing to try.
Milks Emulsion is a pleasant. nutri-
tive food and a corrective medicine. II
restores healthy. natural bowel action do
ing away with all need or pills and phys
les. It promotes appetite and quickly
puts the digestive organs in shane to as
simulate food. AS a builder of flesh and
strength. Milks Emulsion is strongly rec
commended to rundown. nervous people.
and it has produced amazing results in
many cases of tuberculosis of the lungs.
Chronic stomach trouble and constipation
This is the only solid emulsion made.
and so palatable that it is eaten with a
spoon like ice cream A truly wonderful
medicine for weak, sickly children.
No matter how severe your case. yau
are urged to try MiIks Emulsion under
this guarantee-Take six bottles home
with you. use it according to directions
and if not satisfied with the results your
money will be promptly refunded. Price
6oc and So per bottle. The Milks
Emulsion Co.. Terre Haute, Ind. Sold and
recommended by all leading druggists.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-04-03
ARMY MAN URGES
CONGRESS ACT TO
STOP BOLSHEVISM

Washington, April 3.-Drastic ac-
ton by congress to check the alarm
ing spread of bolshevik doctrines in
this county was urged by Lieuten-
ant General Nelson A Miles, re-
tired, in an address here last night
before the Loyal Legion. The speak
er declared the safety of the nation
depended upon quick and effective
action and unless steps were taken
to prevent the spread of the red
peril" the country soon would be
in the throes of revolution and
anarchy.
Congress, he said, should prohibit
the kind of free speech that
breathes treason and that kind of
personal liberty which means the
destruction of law and order"
General Miles expressed the
opinion, however, that the vast
army of American soldiers who
|~Sent overseas would help check to
a large extent the attempt to
spread bolshevism in this country
andthus prevent the government
from being overthrown by long
haired men and short-haired wom-
en-"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-04-03
PERuOUS TRIP
FOR INTERVIEW
MADE BY WRITER

Proskurov, Ukraine, Wednesday,
April 2.-(By the Associated Press) j..
The allies will be in the position
If they do not come to our rescue,
was a statement made to the Asso-
ciated Press today by Simon Pet
lura, military and civil head of the
Ckrainian republic, a man whom
the correspondent had journeyed
for nearly two weeks over bridge
less rivers, on slow trains, in auto
mobiles, afoot and by wagon. The
Journey led the correspondent
among soldiers and peasants who
are believed by the outside world
to be either bolsheviki or some Spe-
Cial sort of assassins and robbers.
Simon Petlura has had many cpl
thets applied to him, of which few
are favorable. He is, however, gen.
orally regarded as a mysterious
person who is usually a fugitive
and is looked upon as something
between a Mexican bandit and
MoscoV convict. He is known by
reputation in a vague sort of way
through middle Europe as the man
who has succeeded in holding a
difficult position with surprising
tenacity for the past year or more.
He has enjoyed the same class of
enemies as Joseph PiIsudski. the
Polish military dictator, encounter
cd when the latter became better
known.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-04-03

New York.-Mrs. Mary Casey
Thorne has offered $1,000 reward
for the recovery of her 4-year-old
son or any information as to his
whereabouts. Recently Mrs. Thorne
filed a writ of habeas corpus in the
supreme court requiring the grand
mother to produce the boy in court
She stated that she saw the boy on
the balcony of the Fifth avenue
rransiOn where he is supposed to be
kept.
On the next morning the writ
V l1ich she obtained failed and the
lad was not produced before the
judge and so the whereabouts of
the little 4-year-old remains as
much a mystery as ever.
Little Joel's parents separated
and he lived with his mother until
Sept. "a, last, when his nurse tele-
phOned that she and the boy were
going for an automobile ride with
his father The mother has not
seen him since.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-04-03
RITES TOMORROW
OVER REMAINS OF
NOTED CHRISTIAN

Funeral services for Rev. r. B.
Williams will be held at the First
Methodist church tomorrow after
noon at ? O'Clock. Friends wishing
to view the remains may do so at
the home, 1915 Seventeenth street,
Friday morning.
In charge of the last rites over
the body of the noted churchman is
to be Rev. ]. E. Jones, district su-
perintendent, Rev. Samuel Van
.Pelt, pastor of the First Methodist
in this city, and DR.. Theodore Kemp
president of Illinois Wesleyan uni
versity. of which the deceased was
a member of the board of trustees.
Pail bearers will be c. l. Walker,
H. X. Walker, John Nofstker, DR.. f.
M. Sala, C. E. Adams and S. f.
Mattison. Interment will be IN
Chippiannock.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-04-03
ONLY few TAXI
men FILE LEVY
Majority Remain Away-Federal
Investigation to Result in Dras-
tic Action Soon.
III. W. RUDEL Arrives HERE
Comes to Aid in Increasing Volume
of Business at Local Internal
Revenue Office.

A few taxi-cab owners have put
in their appearance at the local m
ternal revenue office for payment OF
belated taxes, all pleading 1g-
norance that there was such an
assessment
Despite their pleas they were as
sessed according to law. Each paid
50 per cent additional and are liable
to a fine of 81 900 and a prison term
OF one year as a maximum. Further
investigation in each case will be
begun by the federal authorities, &C
cording to Deputy T. ]. Cavanaugh,
collector.
III. W. Rudel Comes.
The majority of cab owners have
as yet failed to file. Deputy Cav
anaugh stated. Delay will lead only
to more drastic action and penalties,
according to government officials.
At noon today H. w. Rudel. in
come tax inspector. arrived in Rock
Island to assist with the work here.
Due TO corporation and individual
income tax filing. the volume of
business has become so great as to
necessitate more than one man.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-04-03
AGAIN APPEALS
MORE KNITTERS
Rock Island Chapter of Red Cross
Issues Statement To Women
of City.
SENDS YARN TO OTHER SIDE
But There Are Not-EnOugh Able
In War-Ridden Countries To
Do the Work.

To those former knitters who
ask why the women of Europe do
not do their own knitting, the Red
Cross today gives answer.
Incidentally it shows just how
tremendous is the need for the eff
forts of all in producing garments
for the destitute of the war-ridden
nations.
I'm France, Belgium, Italy, Ru-
mania. Serbia, Greece, Montenegro,
Palestine, Albania and other war
swept countries there are, as ev-
$Syone knows, thousands of little
children, of old men, and trem-
bling, nerye-shaken women who
would be totally incapable of
WHEELING the knitting needles" the
statement says. For these some
one else must do the knitting, even
though the Red Cross should sup
ply the yarn. Now the fact is that
the American Red Cross has just
shipped to these countries 100000
pounds of yarn and S22.459 pairs
of knitting needles, the whole val
ued at $2,316,445. The Red Cross
intends to employ refugee women
to knit this into garments; the
Red Cross Will pay them for their
time thus helping them to help
themselves while they are bring
ing comfort to others.
Desperately Needed.
But in spite of the 100000 gar
ments that will thus be made every
garment that American women can
possibly fashion, is sOrely-even
desperately needed.
Surely, with the knowledge of
ASuch facts those who formerly
E1tted for soldiers cannot hesitate
to turn their efforts towards put
ting decent clothing on those who
cannot have it through a misfOr-
tune in no way of their own max
ing, and which was precipitated by
the enemy which was ours as well
as theirs"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-04-03

Report for the Town Of Coal Valley ILL.,
fort 191S9l9.
August treasurer 1880
treasurer 10000
Total .............. s63677
supervisor of Coal Valley township do soemny
rect o knowledge and belief
Supervisor,
before justice of the peace this 18th day
A.
THOMAS MURPHY Justice of the Peace
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-04-03
SO YANKS HURT
BY EXPLOSION
Gasoline Hast Injuries Two Hun
dred at Echfernach, Belgium,
Including c. S. Troops.

Brussels, April 3.-Two hun
dred persons were injured, includ
ing sixty American soldiers, in an
explosion of gasoline at Echternach
Tuesday. Fifteen of the injured are
in serious condition. An American
automobile stopped in the town 10
take on fuel. The machine caught
fire and spread to stored gasoline.
Most of those burned were spec
tators who had gathered to watch
the fire.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-04-03

McCabe's Semi-Annual Third
Floor Sale, March 81 to April 5.
inclusive.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-04-03

McCabe's Semi-Annual Third
Floor Sale, March 81, to April 5,
inclusive
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-09-03
oContlnucd from Paso OncN

NContlnupd rom Iago one.'
 ''Defeat of the treaty Nv means of proposed amendments to it is tho real program and hope of tho majority of the committee on foreign relations II is for this purpose that tho treaty has been locked up fin cold storage for .-' many weeks. They havc fclt tusti- Sled in retaining the treaty in mix tu~o of poltrooucry and folly"
 "By a vote of nine to eight" said Senator Hitchcock "the committee on foreign relations is to bring sgulrely before t1C Senate the question of de- srating t1c pending treaty. Suppose The Senate should vote in favor of the ShantunE amendment or any other? What would happen?
 .'FTtncr the President would refuse to go further with tho treaty or he would submit tho ameE-mcnt to tho nations associated with the United States. Does anyone believe they would accept It. Does anyone be lieve that Great Britain, who has all rvady ratified tha treaty md is also under pledge ap Japan with regard to Shnntuug. would accept the shan tung amendmvutF Does anyone think that FN-aurr. also under a pledge to Japan, would r1tfy this changc2 Does anyone suurose that Japan herself voul5 submit to this humiliation De fore tho Cyos of the vorId2
 CT cannot conceive of any Intelligent and candid man who would assume srrh a thing as a possibility. IL would ho met by an instant refusal to accept the amendment and then where would the United St0ruv Ind itsclf in this international sctt'omc1t2 We would find ourselves out En the cold. Isolated from gho rest of thC world The work of raufyIne tho treaty would proceed without us
 The treaty ttsrlf provides that when three nations fin addition 10 Ger many have signed, t shall SEQ into cf- feet. IT is easy Go sce tho cnormous benefits which Great Britain and
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-09-03
Hitchcock Plays Foes Of Peace Pact Today
 In Speech To Senate

France will derive from this treaty. They will not take any chances. It is prcposteruus to suppose that Japan will delay it's ratification. The result is beyond all question.
 What then will the United States do? Some say that Congress can pass a joint resolution declaring a state of peace with Germany. Others say committee, holding helpless hear ings and making moves to defeat the treaty,
 "A few, a very few. have declared they would vote against the treaty because of the League of Nations, but 1t has remained for Senator Knox to declare boldly against our partiCipa- ton in the peace settlement. To say that he has amazed the country is tu put It mildly. He has shocked tho country. He formerly favored taking the League of Nations out of the treaty and ratifyinC the peace set tIcncnt with Germany. Now he suddenly changes front.
 What has become of the high professions of last year. Last Octo- Der, when Germany sought terms for the armistice, the Senators now seek ing to kin this treaty shouted for un- conditional surrender. They de- nandcd terms of peace dictated to Germany. They insisted that the United States should to the last maintain the closest cooperation with thc allied governments. They said It would be a breach of faith if we failed to stand by Poland and other nations, dcformed by the war.
 "Now what changet The treaty has been negotiated. Germany has signed it. Germany has ratified it. Great Britain and Belgium have done the same. Franc, Italy and Japan will do so in rapid succession The treaty dictates the terms to Germany just as the Senators demanded it should. "Buc now the same Senators who insisted on a dictated peace propose
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-09-03
FOSTER GETS GOLD STAR FOR SECOND
 POLICE CITATION

Three policemen. William Foster, Thomas MaIoney and Charles Plan. of the First precinct were officially commended at the meeting of the Police commissioners last night. for their excellent work in capturing four highwaymen on the night of August 4. This is the second commendation received by PatroIman Foster, and the gold star awarded him for a second cOmmendatiOn was presented by Sup erintendent John H Redgate. Foster is the fifth member of the department to receive the gold star.
 Superintendent Redgate reported the assignment of Patrolman Earl Carroll, recently appointed, to the Fourth precinct, and also presented a number of other routine reports.
 George W. Kelly, a special police man who turned in his badge to enlist in the army was reinstated- Appli- cations by Allen F. Macdonald and Robert r. DunniEan, for appointments as special policemen were referred to a committee. William ". Sutter was appointed a special policeman.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-09-03
PARK

The most PTetentious and artistic production that has ever been made in burieSque is the promise of Girls a Ia Carte" at the Park, Thursda y, Friday and Saturday of this week. It is a. brand new show and title and is an Arthur Pearson production. The book, Manhattan Piease," in two acts is by Bert HanloR and Ben 4. Ryan and is one of the best comedy books in years. The music is by Herbert Stothart who has written a number of Broadway musical hit shows for Arthur Hammerstein. The scenery is from the studio of Carmine Vitolo.
 A very clever company is headed by Jamie" Coughlin and Martha Pryor and they have the capable assistance of Charles Pagan, Harry Kennedy, Ben Bard, Madeline Moore, Tiny Bel mont and Leona Earl.
 The chorus, in gowns by dickson and stage dresses by Mahieu and Catherine Crawford, is said to be the best costumed and prettiest lot of young girls ever seen in extrava- ganZa.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-09-03

to abandon it and negotiate a peace settlement on terms acceptable to Germany. It is suggested that we de- sert our associates and negotiate a separate treaty. It is proposed that we adopt policy of quiet and scuttle. It Is proposed that we repudiate our obligations and like cravens leave them to be performed by the nations
 lately associated with us.
 Was there ever a more insane in
 ternational policy proposed? In the mixture of pOltroOnery and folly 1t is
 dlticult to see which predominates.
 The Senator from Pennsylvania goes
 the hm'- He not only proposes that
 we desert our friends and abandon
 our obIigatiOns but he suggests that
 We release Germany from all prom
 ises of indemnities and reparations
 Why not go further and propose that
 we compensate Germany? That would
 De still stronger appeal to German sentiment
 He says in so many words slaugh-
 ter the treaty, desert our friends, abandon our obligations and yield to l Germany. have full faith that when ! this treaty is finally released from cold storage it will in the Senate re- ceive different treatment. Here. un- quesionably,there is an overwheIrning majority who desire to finish the work undertaken when we entered the war. Here will be found a safe majority for a peace settlement
 T have spoken of the treaty as a whole. But the league of nations feature particularly has been persist cntly and unreasonabIy attack in | the chamber. Those who couture uD | these possible disadvantages seem to l ignore altogether the enormous ad- vantages of organizing the world for | peace.
 ! They make mountains out of mole ! hills in reviewing difficulties of the 1 league plan. They are suspicious that | while it may benefit every other na- ] ton on earth 1t is so deviCed as to ! bring disaster to the United States 1 They crawl on the ground with a mi | croscope searching for pitfalls and are | unable to look forward to the prom | ised R1ld of peace and order and jus 1 tee 10 which the new movement 1 leads"