davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
By HENRY Il. JACKSON,
United States Bureau of Education.

HE memory of n great past is
the inspiration of a great
present, and the country which
honors it's great men has the
prospect of producing more in the
future. The gratitude of free people
will undoubtedly lead them to erect
some kind of memorials to the heroic
men who in this war sacrificed their
lives that liberty might live. Only
an enduring memorial can express
our gratitude for the boys who made
the supreme sacrifice. They gave
their today for our tomorrow. For
these heroic lads we all share the
feeling expressed ny John Oxenham
in his poem, ''The Spires of Oxford:
l saw the spires Of Oxford
As l was passing by,
The gray spires Of oxford.
Against pearl gray sky;
.9 My heart was with the oxford men
Who went abroad to die.
They left the peaceful river,
The cricket field, the quad
The skaven lawns of oxford,
To Seek bloody sod;
They gave their merry youth away
For country and for God.
God rest you. happy gentlemen.
Who laid your good lives down,
Who took the khaki and the gun
Instead Of cap end gown,
God bring you to a fairer place
Than even Oxford town.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Advocate Better Route.

AS The Star said last Sunday, the New
Jersey canal, thirty-three miles long,
from Delaware river to Rarltan pay,
is doing some service across the state,
but it is antiquated, with thirteen
locks and adepth of only seven feet OF
water. 1t is not approved by the United
States Army engineers. who prefer a
better route and a greater depth of
water with less lock hindrance. Such
a ship channel across New Jersey as
we are contending for would be sub
stantially the same as the Manchester
ship canal, which enables ocean going
vessels to carry Chicago beef to Man
chester, an inland English city.
l do not believe that the railroads
are now unfaForable to the ship
canal scheme across New Jersey. They
control the existing canal. or rather
the railroad administration does at
the present time, and they realize its
serviceability for the relief OF freight
ton has thought so well of the ex-
listing Delaware and Raritan canal
that it has been kept open practically
all winter to enable the barges to do
business between New York and east
ern points and Philadelphia and
southern points. A barge can now de-
liver heavy freight from New York to
philadelphia by way of this canal in
eighteen hours. whereas it is some
times necessary to make two or three
weeks allowance for getting such
materials over by rail. Moreover. the
highways between New York and
philadelphia are being torn up by
motor trucks that are attempting to
do the business quicker than the rail-
roads even though the freight rates
are much higher.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Opportunity in Year 1919.

The year 1919 furnishes a golden
opportunity for the cause of democ-
racy. America has assisted to open a
new road to freedom. Our present
task is to keep the road open. To
achieve freedom is highly important;
to know what to do with it is equally
so. What to do with the liberty we
have won is clearly stated by a receI. =:
magazine, which says: we struck at
Germany as the greatest menace to
the liberty and happiness OF the plain
citizen of whatever nation. Thereby
we attested our faith in the value of
liberty and happiness. But do we i'm
ag&ne that with Germany crumbled
and the kaiser in exile the problem of
the plain citizen is solved, So long
as he is exposed to the scourge of un-
employment, to the disease and dis
tress that accompany undernourish-
ment, to the arbitrary control OF pri-
vate employers to whose mercies he
is consigned by our national failure
to open up all the possible opportuni-
ties for making a freeman's living, or
by his own lack of training. the demo-
cratic implications of victory will re-
main for him unrealized. II the war
against autocracy is to have any real
meaning for the plain citizen it must
be conceived as the first brief state
in a longer process of democratic re-
construction"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Community Ideal Advanced.

II we are to put into effective opera
ton at home those ideals for which
we have fought abroad. community
buildings are Indispensable AS one
comes to see their beauty and sig
nificance he will agree with President
Poincare when he said, Come with
me now to the common house. the
Maison Commune, and tell me. first. if
you know a more beautiful name than
this! The common honse. There is
in the village house that belongs to
no one in particular, that is open to
the poor as to the rich; that is. so to
speak. a democratic center. the bone
of the village Itself" The present
widespread impulse to erect memo
rails to our soldiers is every commu-
nity's opportunity to secure for it.
self "a common house" dedicated to
the practice of those ideals for which
our boys fought in France. The idea
is big; the opportunity is great: the
door is open. The time to go through
the open door is when the door is
open.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Rival of Panama Canal.

the cross-Jersey waterway is al
most on direct line with the Chesa-
peake and Delaware waterway. for
which provision is made in the pend
IS passed and work commences on the
Chesapeake and Delaware canal it is
preolcted that thirteen mile canal,
when is the best of the existing
coastai canals. since it carries a mil
lion tons of commerce annually now,
or ten Feet of water, will far outclass
the Fanama canal in the volume Of
business attracted.
AT the present time shippers from
the north to the south, or vice versa
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Public Should Own Building.

II the. term Community" as applied
to the memorial building. is 70 Con-
vey an honest meaningand NOT be used
for camoufiage, the building ought to
he owned by the public and not by
a private organization. Wherever pos
sible this community building LU2ht
to be the public schoolhouse. IN order
to prevent needless waste through du-
I.fcation. II is the logical community
Center. 1t is non.pni. San. nt'n sec
tartan and non exclusive. II Is con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Adds to Nations Strength.

To keep green the memory Of a sac
rifice such as is described in these
lines win add strength to the ma
tons future. In view of this high
purpose, the type Of memorial selected
becomes profoundly important. II the
type OF memorial is suitable to the pur-
pose for which it is erected it will be
doubiy effective. What kind ought it
to be?
The memory of the dead. will be
kept Ereener if their memorial rem
ders continuous service to the living.
There is a growing conviction that
the conventional stone shaft placed in
graveyard among the dead is not
fitting memorial to those who died
for freedom. The suggestion, made
both in France and America, that
these memorials take the form of COM
munity buildings. dedicated to civic
and social uses, is obviously wise and
ought to meet universal approval
On the walls of such building should
hang a bronze tablet containing the
names of each community's martyrs
to liberty.
This type of memorial will guar
antee that no boy who gave his life
for justice and freedom will be for
gotten. The number of American
lives lost in this war is very small
In comparison to those lost in the
civil war. If community lost only
three or four. it might not think it
worth while to build a monument
But q community building is needed
entirely apart from it's memorial pur-
pose. The chief advantage of this
type of memorial, however, is not
that it is economical. but that it
Keeps green an inspiring memory,
and It seeks to put into operation,
through its civic and social activities.
the ideals for which our boys fought
in France.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Not Fully Utilized.

We thought the New York barge
canal system was to be utilized by the
railroad administration to bring car
goes of wheat from the west and de-
liver them at seaboard and eastern
points as well as for distribution IN
the large cities. but discovered that
unfortunately under existing condi-
tions the lower freight rates by water
were not to be permitted where they
gave any advantage over railroad
rates This was one Of the features OF
railroad administration that those
who desire cheaper freight rates did
not understand.
But no one who looks at the map
can fail to appreciate the sigHtncance
of the waterway movement or o. the
desirability of putting these wffiiiie
burden bearers to work. Originally
they did most of the peoples hauling.
The canals were built up. az an Inn
provement to the natural water
courses. They were the facilities on
which the country depended in the
earlier days. Their decadcnce set in
with the advent Of the railroads. Their
disuse has turned. large areas NOS
served by the railroads into waste
lands.
AS the railroads came the population
shifted from the old waterways to the
lines of the railroads and SO central
ICED It, drawing the boys from the
farms into more attractive pursuits,
that it left practi.' useless mvon
of the country which once attracted
the pioneer and started him on she
road to success
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Regarded Logical and Fitting.

No type of memorial could be more
logical or more fitting. A memorial
building or auditorium used for COM
munity purposes might suitably be
democracy is the idea which the
building comm emorates, it's bronze
tablet should contain not only the
names Of the boys whose bodies lie un-
der little white crosses in France, but
the names of all the boys who fought
IN behalf OF this idea. They We're
potential martyrs, and were willing
to die with their comrades. Moreover,
by the side of the names of the boys
who, made the supreme sacrifice
should be placed the names of their
mothers. The mothers of these
martyrs have rendered a conspicuous
service to the cause for which their
heroes fell. They furnished the heroes.
In their loss they have already suf-
fered more than the boys and will
bear an additional burden of loneli-
ness and hardship down the long
trail OF the future. While we re-
member the heroic boys, it is unfair
Funds for this purpose could be
raised more easily If they were raised
in the form of liberty bonds during
the fifth loan, which is to come in
the spring. The bonds can be used as
money when the time comes to bualu:
HoS community Gdii Sci w
while at the same time it is render
ing national service. By this meth
cd more money for the government
could be raised than by any otEet:
Not only would many individuals
gladly contribute an extra bond or
two for the benefit of their local
community, but many who are un.
able to do this could pool their small
gifts and contribute to bond. Like
wise entertainments and social &C
tivities can be utilized to raise
money for the same purpose. oppor-
tunity should be given for as many
as possible to have a part in the en-
terprise. For men to contribute out
right few liberty bonds to local
community cause will help to oispel
the delusion that a man is DONG
anything especially generous when
he puts his money into an Investment
which offers the best security IN the
world and a fair rate of interest. To
couple the nth loan with free gifts
and soldiers memorials will make
1t in a real sense a victory loan. II
will be much more than this-lt VIII
be a reconstruction loan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Many Subcontracts Let.

Rifles, machine guns. revolvers and
cartridges were Bridgeport's big con-
tribution to the war program, and
the Remington Companys great car
fridge factories and arnory employed
nearly half the workers in the town
But even a corporation of that magni-
tude could not make everything called
for in its contracts with Uncle Sam
Remington was prime contractor.
it required machinery, tools, gauges,
parts, and materials and supplies
mede by others. Therefore, it had sew
era1 hundred subcontractors maxim g
these special facilities" as they are
called, and every subcontractor dea.s
with the government through his
prime contractor.
When war contracts were Cancelled
the subcontractor' weekly revenue
stopped, along with his factory En-
ployes were laid off, the government
owes him selveral weeks poyment-
enough money in many cases to en-
able him to finance some new enter
prise along peace lines. He owes
money at the bank. for his contract
furnished an excellent basis for Dor
rowing. The prime contractor under
whom he worked cannot pay him un-
til Washington has approved details.
and the first step in getting his money
is to make out elaborate schedules and
repOrtS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Millions Due From q. S.

The big prime contractor himself
has millions of dollars due him from
the government, and could not liq-
uidate slbcontracts epen if all the
complexities were Strengthened out
The War Department is working
through district claim offices in each
munitfon section to secure proper ad-
justments and MAJ ~ayments as fast
as possible. but there are checks and
counter checks between the War De-
partment and the Treasury Depart
ment. incident to the system under
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
SEES IMMENSE POSSIBILITIES
IN THIRTEEN MILES OF CANAL
]. Hampton Moore Thinks Delaware to
Chesapeake Link Would Rival Pan
ANA in Amount of Traffic Carried.

who use the railroads paralieling the
coast are obliged to suffer long de-
lays in delivery. This was aggravat-
ingly true during the wa and has not
ceased to be q source OF great annoy
ance and complaint. Lumber interests,
in particular, resort to the waterways.
They have been using the North Caro-
lima streams and have been making
northern deliveries whenever possible
through the Chesapeake and Delaware
canal. but the barge traffic is limited
because the depth of the canal and
the width of the locks make a larger
service Improbable.
Those who use the canal now find
they can make deliveries between
Philadelphia and Baltimore in four
teen hours by inland water. whereas
deliveries by rail are frequently held
up for weeks
With regard to the intracoastal
scheme of which the connection be-
tween the Delaware and Chesapeake
bays is a part. once linked up by the
131 miles of excavation ultimately re-
quired. it would serve no less than
14S rivers; the total length Of which
exceeds $500 miles. In addition the
New York barge canal system. which
connects the great lakes with the
ocean and with the intracsastal sys-
TEN, serves 500 miles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Duty Owed to Future.

No other one of the nations has the
same concerns, since no other one of
the great nations has endured the
same .agonies. France at the con-
ference asks the nations that more
or less tardily recognized that their
fate was linked up with her to Join
her in taking material and physical
guarantees against return of the
barbarian.
To some Americans this seems chauy-
inistic. To others it seems an in
credible thing that the French hesi-
| tate to accept the moral assurance
held out by the league of nations. and
display apprehension that what hap
pened recently may happen again;
! but this is an act of faith beyond the
power Of the French people They
hope, but they do not believe-be-
cause all other guarantees of peace
have proved inadcGuate-that the
league OF nations will finally close
,, the avenues of invasion to the north !:
but they believe that in SO far. as
they can it is their duty to their
country and to the future to bar
those avenues, material as well as
moral.
Copyright, 1919, by the Mcclure Newspaper
Syndicate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Ext Mt of French Demands.

Now trans!ating this French senti-
ment into fact becomes a difficult
thing What it has already resulted
IN is rather widespread suspicion
both among the English and the
Americans that France is once more
the prey Of chauvinistic and imperial
list demands. The commonest of all
assertions is that France once more
demands the left bank OF the Rhine
from lauter to the Dutch frontier.
while French aspiration seeks to re-
store conditions created by the
French revolution and expressed in
familiar phrase, The natural from
So far as 1 am able to Judge from
conditions here existing, it is not an
accurate statement There are Ger
tainiy F'renchmen who desire the left
bank of the Rhine, as there are
Americans who desired to see Mexico
annexed to the United States: their
views are heard. but they are the
views OF individuals and not of the
nation or of the government.
What the French demand as a
whoia is that Alsace Lorraine shall
return to the republic. that the from
tiers of 1870 shall be restored and
that. in addition. France shall receive
the Saar coal region. which was hers
up to iS14-concerning which / shall
speak again in moment-and that
is all ] think there are very few
wise or thoughtful Frenchmen who
desire to create i new Alsace-Lor-
Tai2e. to their own detTiment as Ger
many created hers nearly half a CEN
tury ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02

~ NE little thirteen mile stretch
of existing canal, uniting
Y Delaware and Chesap eake
bays. for which an appro-
| priation of $4,000 900 for enlarge
Inent is carried in the rivers and
harbors bill, is going to prove to the
people of this country the practical
value of far-sighted policy as re-
CARDS development of the intra-
coastal waterways on the Atlantic
seaboard
For twelve years our association
has been winning popular approval
OF this general scheme. and we have
accomplished much This project in
the new rivers and harbors bill will
open up direct cheap water route
of ninety miles between Baltimore
and Philadelphia, but, more than that.
it unites New England with the south.
Another link in the waterway de-
velopment leads to New York, another
ninety miles, and then through Long
Island sound links up with the Con-
necticut river and the Hudson river
and beyond to the graf st. Lawrence.
cut through Cape Cod would put
Baltimore. Philadelphia, New York
and Boston on direct water route
that would solve many transportation
problems and speed up commerce
wonderfully, as well as developing
defensive waterway within the At
lantic coast line.
Cape Hatteras Avoided.
From Beaufort. N. c., below Cape
Hatteras, we'll named the partners
graveyard" up through Pamlico and
Albenarie sounds, through the Eliza
beth river, we already have a water
way with a depth of twelve feet au-
thorized to Norfolk. From Norfolk
and Hampton roads where the entire
navy could be, hidden, we have the
Chesapeake bay. with a good depth
all the way to Patapsco and Balti-
more, which is great shipping CEN
ter In the same way we may ap-
proach by the Potomac You can go
up Chesapeake bay to where the
Suspuehanna comes in and marvel at
this great river which has never been
developed, although it taps the richest
coal field in the country. There is
survey provided for it in the present
this river is opened up FOR SLACK
water navigation coal can be deliv-
ered to Washington and Baltimore at
81 a ton less than now Probably
more IMAM lHht
The important link in this water
way chain comes into the Chesapeake
from the Delaware. At present 1t is
the ancient Chesapeake and Delaware
canal. When that is opened up 1t Will
bring New England as near neigh
Dor to the south with barges carry
ing cotton of the southlands to the
New England textile factories, and
returning northern manufactured
products.
This ninety-mile route from Balti-
more to Philadelphia will cut on S25
miles of a roundabout water trip out
side, and at the same time avoid the
shoals and dangers of the open sea
for commerce.
Linking in with the canal to Rari-
tan bay, now seven feet, and with
thirteen locks it opens the water
, way to New York, and would make
it POSSIBLE to make a direct haul OF
West Virginia coal to the New Eng
land factories
There is no intention of enticing
business away from the railroads.
! This would merely afford transporta-
| ton that the railroads cannot handle.
AS it is now, after tortuous voy-
age many coal barges are lost off
i Nantucket and Provincetown and
! around Cape Cod.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02

First of all I'd send q competeSs
representative into each prime con :
tractors plant" was the answer. I'd
tell him to go there and stay unit !
he had mastered every detail OF
contracts, subcontrzcts. government
work completed for delivery, wofk
nartIy completed that ought to be
finished, government machinery to b.
taken care of. Grated. removed.
stored or sold; raw materials to be
disposed Of In ordinary business We
do such things every year. because
we have authority and know toet
what We want to do. With clear
policy and good management this
government business can be cleaned
up promptly and capital needed NJ
manufacturers for peace-ttme DE
velopmeht released without 10
slightest danger Of fraud o. 1o0 -
the eovernnei5ts
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Germans Wrecked Mines.

Argument for the Saar coal district
in not based merely or mainly upon
ancient title. Last year when the
Germans found they were not going
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Insurance Against Leagues Failure

Now in sum all these things mean
that the French. after four invasions
in u century. are resolved that If
there is fifth invasion it shall begin
at the Rhine. and not at the Moselle
or The Sambre; that the opening
phase Of a new German aggression
shall take place in German and not
French territory. If the league of
nations shall become the world force
that many hope these precautions
will prove unnecessary. If il fails
these precautions viii stand and with
tour ;nvasions in their minds il is diff
7cult to criticise the French purpose.
Now, in addition. there is the ques-
ton of the Saar coal district. have
frequently described this question to
my readers, but 1 revert TO il again
70 complete the statement of the
French policy. The region itself is
very restricted area, two or three
hundred square miles at most 1t pro-
6tices some seventeen million tons of
coal a year 1t belonged to France
wholly up 10 1914. but even after the
first aodication of Napoleon a portion
still remained to France and II was
not Until after Waterloo that Prussia
had her way and seized the whole
coal district, just as she took the iron
district in 1871.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Under Military Necessity.

On the other hand with respect
to territory between the AIsace-Lor-
raine frontier and the Rhine, France
hiss certain definite views. These
views are military and not political
IN my Judgment. France will demand
tras strategic railways constructed
~ Germany before the recent war,
.Fj. Tor the purpose OF waging this
ar. The great lines which led to
The reigiau frontier, shall be de-
*troyCd. these lines had no eco
romic D. pose. they were double
track trunk lines. topping abruptly
az tie Ec.G-2n frontier. in many cases,
.-it9 tcTT.Ea. facilities which bore
no relation 10 any peace-time traffic.
- cause these lines existed. Germany
"a - IL 70 push her mighty hordes
INTO Be .3sa four and a half years
ago.
In the second place. the French will
demand that the Notifications that
exist On TIE left bank of the Rhine
shall be destroy ed, with the single
purpose that Germany shall not be
able again TO repeat the 1914 episode
and push aggressive war into the
heart OF French territory in the very
first weeks OF the struggle
Finally, the French will demand
that the Germans maintain no gar
risoEs and no armies west of the
Rhine. and that. in my Judgment. is
what The French expect to get, and
substantially all. Germans on the
west bank OF the Rhine. under in
sllce-nents such as mitigation of their
s-.@-a of the price to be paid and the
hErt,eus of war. may choose to sepa-
G'ate themselves from the German
nation and become an independent
republic. thus creating a buffer state
betw cen France and Germany. But
i do not believe this is more than a
hope, or that IL will constitute any
definite French program.