davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1919-09-12
NO, 81
mo. s.)
ANSWERS CRITICS
By Ex.pREslDENr WIN. Il. TAFT.

BY EX.PREsloENT WIN. H. TAFT.
OF course we cannot hope TO make
the great changes such as the League
Of Nations will bring about without
opposition. Fortunately, the war has
taught us the great advantages Of In.
ternationall cooperation. II was only
by good team work that the free lib.
erty-loying nations were able to whip
Germany.
The treaty which the United States
Senate is debating 0bligates the mem.
bers OF the proposed League to protect
one another against attack from enc
mics outside tleir W boundaries
bent upon conquest. Although this
agreement article Y Of the C0venanD
Is vital to any arrangement which
seeks 10 prevent war, 1t has been at.
tackled Oh the ground that 1t would
draw the United States into wars In
various parts Of the world and force
US to send our boys to fight in quar-
rels which did not concern US.
We should remember, however, that
the main purpose OF Article X /,
to frighten nations tempted TO wars Of
conquest from yielding to the tempta
ton, by the certainty that they vii
be crushed If they begin such a war by
u universal boycott and q union o.
forces Of the world against them. II
big war breaks out again, the United
States will be forced to take part II
II whether we have Il League OF Ma
lions or not. We tried hard enougl
to keep out Of the war with German,
but found we couldn't.
A little wal contrary to the Leagu,
rules could be handled by the power
close AT hand. Certainly It would no
be necessary to send American troop
TO suppress an uprising in the Bal
kans when prompt action by the armie
Of Italy or some other nearby power
ful nation could suppress the fraca
before American troops could eve
get started.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1919-09-12
no. ~
REMOVE CAUSES OF WAR
By Ex.pRgsIpENT NM. 4. 81.

BY EK.PREslDENT WIN. H. TAFT.
Since the prime object OF the League
OF Nations Is to preserve peace-and
TO reap the benefits Of peace-let us
see how the League will operate to &C
complish that purpose.
In the first place, 1t will seek TO
remove the main cause OF war. BY
the formation OF an International
court 1t will create a means for the
peaceful settlement Of disputes be-
tween nations. Then II will seek TO
compel the nations to make use Of
this court. This Is nothing more MOI
less than an application OF the rules
and customs governing private indi-
viduals In civilized communities to the
relations between nations.
Secondly, the League will seek TO
remove a great temptation to war by
the general agreement 10 reduce the
size Of armies and nayies. This will
halt the race for military and naval
supremacy which was largely respon-
sible for the war just ended. The
amount Of armament any nation may
maintain will be strictly defined. Thus
II will be impossible for one country
TO overwhelm It's nelghbor by unex-
pected attack. In the way that Ger
many crushed Belgium and would
have crushed France had not the other
democratic NATIONS gone TO her aid.
The idea Is that each country may
keep an army and navy large enough
to enable Il 10 fulfil It's responsible
ties as a member Of the League, but
no larger. The United states. for ex-
ample, probably would be expected TO
keep a check on Mexico and the state
Of constant turmoil IN that country
would be taken into consideration In
deciding how large an army we should
need.
The third important safeguard which
the League will sci up is a system
OF penalties. This will make an out
law Of any nation or group Of nations
which goes to war in violation Of the
rules OF the League. The outlawed ma
tlon will be %boycotted by all the other
members OF the League and win dnd
itself cut OF from both business and
social communication with the rest OF
the world.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1919-09-12
(No. -
EXPLAINS LEAGUE
States Basic Purpose in First Of
Series Of Six Short
Articles.
By Ex.pResIpENT wM. 4. rAEr.

~ ENF RGSiCENi WV. ~. GFi ..
The chief purpose OF the League OF
Nations is to keep the world in a state
Of peace. Another way Of expressing
IT is to say that the League Is de-
signed to prevent wars.
We have just finished the greatest,
which Is TO say the most horrible, Of
all conflicts between nations. We
have won a glorious victory. But that
victory win be wasted unless this war
has made the nations ready to put
aside their differences and cooperate
to end war forever.
II is not enough, however, to provide
for the prevention Of wars and the
settlement OF disputes after they have
arisen. We must foresee causes OF
trouble and remoye them before they
have reached an acute stage. Hence,
there must be provision for frequent
consultations Of members OF the
League for exchange Of information,
for agreement on common policies and
for the gradual formation Of rules Of
international law which at present are
uncertain and incomplete.
The representative Of the great free
nations which won the wal have met
at Paris and, after long consultation,
have drawn an agreement which they
believe Will accomplish these ends. At
the very least IL will set In motion
great changes which will result In uni.
versal benefit to all mankind. This
agreement is called the Covenant Of
the League OF Nations aud it is a part
Of the peace treaty.
There will be no League worth talk.
ing about, however, unless the United
States Is n member. The decision as
to whether the Uuited States shall Join
rests with our Senate. The Senator's,
chosen by tire people, will In the end
vote as the people desire. Fer this
reason the people themselves will de
eide whether Or not the United States
Will Join the League. In this question
every citizen should have a voice. He
or size can express opinion either by
writing direct to Senators, by letters
to the newspapers, by speeches In his
lodge or local union or In conversation
with friends.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1919-09-12
~. 81
mo. g.
BIG GAIN, SMALL LOSS
By Ex.pREsIogNT Nm. 3. TAEr.

BY Ex.PREsloENT WIN. H.. TAFT,
We Ind TO make many sacrifices TO
win the last war and we made them
Willingly because We knew they were
worth while. Il viii be the same In a
smaller degree with the League VI Ma
tlons When men form a business
partnership each one has to make con-
cessions 10 the views aud opinions "
the other members OF die firm. When
we enter a League of Nations we may
have 10 give up certain privileges, bur
the losses VIII be small compared with
the profits.
The United States will not have to
sacrifice her Independence or right to
make her W decisions.
The council, the chief governing
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1919-09-12
mo. 81
SEEK TO PREVENT WARS
BY Ex.pREslpeNT wM. Il. Ar.

BY Ex.PREslpENT WIN. II. TAFT.
Il is not claimed that the League Of
Nations will do away with war alto
gether. Every possible provision that
human Intelligence eau devise win be
made to settle international disputes
%peaceably. But should all these meas.
ures fail and two nations 20 TO war,
this Is what viii happen
II both parties TO the dispute have
observed the rules Of the League, the
other nations VIII stand back and let
them nght It out. War under such
circumsiances Is difficult to Imagine.
however, because before the angry ma.
tions will be allowed TO light in &C,
cordance with the rules VI the League,
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1919-09-12

A. (l) An Assembly, composed Of
representatives Of all the
member Nations,
(2) a Council Of Nine,
t3) a Secretary-Genera
"a a Mandatory Commission, to
look after colonies, etc,
(5) a Permanent Commission, for
military questions,
90 various International Blu
reaus such as the Postal
Onion. etc,
ca Mandataries.
10. What Is a M~andatary2
A. Some one nation designated by
the League 90 attend to the welfare Of
backward peoples residing in colonies
Of the Central Empires. or in terri
tories taken from them" This is to bs
a sacred trust" and In selecting a
mandatory the wishes Of the people
Of the area in question shall be the
principal consideration.
II. Does the League mean a Super.
natlon2
A. No. 1t interferes in no way with
any Nations Sovereignty, except to
limltits power TO attack other nations.
70. Can any Nation withdraw when
Il wishes2
A. Yes The League is Advisory
and Cooperative not coercive.
1s. Does the League put Peace above
Justics and National Honor7
A No. 1t puts Reason before vIo-
lence.
"a. Does not the League take away
the Constitutional right Of Congress to
declare war;
\. No. The League can advise war;
Congress- alone can Declare war
IS. Does il destroy the Monroe Doc
trIne7
A. Exactly the contrary. For the
first, time 10 history the other nations
recognize the Monroe Doctrine and
extend It 70 all the world.
10. Does Il not Interfere with Treaty
Making Powers Of the United states7
A. No II IS a Treaty. We can make
any Treaty we please.
~. Would we have had the Great
War II We had had this Lacquer
A. No. Tint War cost the world
over 100000 lives and 200. OO.00o.OO0
dollars.
10. OF what Importance 10 the
Lacquer
A. II Is the greatest deed Of man
kind in the history Of the world
10. Has not anyone a right to OBJ
lect to the League?
A. Yes This is a free country Any
n has Il right to any opinion he
chooses.
20 Why IL the League 30 bitterly
opposed bysa fow7
A. Because. unfortunately, amy
Treaty or League must be made by he
President. aud a President is enc zen
by a political party and many III
bers OF the opposite Party think il.ey
must decry whatever ho does
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1919-09-12
A 8 C OF TIRE
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
By Dr.. FRANK CRANE.

I. What Is the League Of Natlons2
A. A union Of the strongest civilized
nations formed at the conclusion Of
the great war.
2. What is Its obJeet9
A. First, TO promote the Peace of
the World by agreeing not to resort to
war. Second, TO deal openly with
each other, o by secret treaties.
Third, to improve international law,
Fourth, to cooperate IN all matters OF
common concern.
8. Docs II presume to end warG
A. No more than any government
can end crime. 1t claims to reduce the
liability OF war.
a. What will be done to any nation
that makes war;
A. 1t will be boycotted and other
wise penalized.
5. How else will the probability Of
war be lessened7
A. BY voluntary, mutual and pro-
portionate disarmament by exchang,
ing military Information, by providing
for arbitration, by protecting each ma
TONS territorial integrity and by edu-
eating public opinion to see the folly
Of war.
g.. What else does the League pro-
pose to do for Mankind2
A. % Secure sfair treatment for
labor,
(2) suppress the White Slave
Traffic, the sale of dangerous
Drugs, and the traffic in War
Munitions.
go control and prevent Disease,
"a promote the work Of the Red
Cross, and
90 establish International BIZ
reaus for other Causes that
concern the human race.
z. Who are to be Charter Members
Of the Lacquer
A. The United States Of America,
Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, British En-
pire, Canada, Australia, South Africa,
New Zealand. India, China, Cuba,
Czecho-Slovakla, Eucador, France.
Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hedjaz.
Honduras, Italy, Japan, Liberia. Me
aragua, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portu-
gal, Rumania, Serbia, SIAN, Uruguay
and the following states which are in.
vlted to accede to the covenant: Argen.
tine Republic, Chilli, Colombia, DEN
mark. Netherlands, Norway, Paraguay,
Persia, Salvador, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland. Venezuela.
g.. What other nations may joint
A. Any self-governlng State which
viii agree to the rules Of the League,
provided the League accepts ii.
g. What Agencies Will the League
have2
ny A. Acra,.hI, - -
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-08-26

army OF occupation in several depart
ments, including the department of
the Seine. which surrounds Paris.
Therefore the first duty of the French
government was to center all its en-
ergy on the execution of the financial
clauses OF the treaty so as to obtain
the final evacuation Of the German
army.
Paying the Indemnify.
The government finally decided that
the best policy was to issue loans as
fast as possible to raise the money
for the payment of the war indemnity,
and meanwhile to reorganize the eco
nomic situation Of France, letting
trade and industry readjust them
selves and increasing the taxes pru-
IDENTIFY and progressively SO as not to
disturb the investment power Of the
country and its reconstruction.
The main effort was made in the
line Of indirect taxation, customs du-
ties. and taxes on articles such as
sugar, coffee, alcohol, etc. In October,
1871, registry fees and stamps were
Increased; extra duties were charged
IN passengers tickets and railway
freights; the duties on matches were
raised at first. and, later on. a mo-
nopoly of this article was organized.
In 1872 fresh alterations were brought
into the system Of taxation. and a
tax on raw materials was passed. In
spite Of the discomfort Of manufac-
turers.
The first loan Of two billions was
voted on June %, 1871. and on June
~ II was issued at $3.50.
Everything had to be improvised,"
said Theirs. 1.-THE general manage
ment Of the loan was hastily organized
on the Louvre. and the wickets and
Offices for the subscriptions were
placed In the Palais de rIndustrie.
The treasury officials had to manage
the best they could. On the 28th
things were more or less ready, and
on the morning Of the 9th the sub
scribers were crowding the wickets.".
The number of individual subscrib-
ers was 331 1905 and the capital sub
scribed amounted to 1897, 100000. Of
which 2,225. 100000 was allotted.
The brilliant result of this first loan
created the most favorable impression.
The French people saw in 1t the first
step toward the rehabilitation Of
France and the re-establishment of its
credit.
Bismarck had insisted that the In
dcmnity payments should be made
only In the main commercial cities of
Germany. and exclusively In gold. or
In silver, or In banknotes Of the banks
Of England. Prussia. the Netherlands,
or Belgium. or in bills Of exchange
approved by German experts. To do
this 1t was necessary to carry out
exchange operations on . scale never
witnessed before.
Nevertheless, the payment Of the
two hrst billions was completed bsr
tween June. 1871, and March. 1871,
In advance Of the stipulated
dates.
Germany Amazed. /
Owing to the continual complaints
coming from the occupied territories.
and encouraged by the favorable re-
suits already obtained, the government
desAded to appeal At nee to the ma
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-08-26

Owing to the continual complaints
coming from the occupied territories.
and encouraged by the favorable re-
suits already obtained. the government
desided TO appeal At once to the ma.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-08-26
TAKE TRUNKS As SHE WEEDS
Brides Belongings Are Seized 70 Sat
Isfy Judgment While Ceremony
Goes On.

st. LouiA-Without interfering In
the least with the wedding ceremony,
Deputy Sheriff Theodore Elder seized
two trunks and q baby grand piano be-
longing to Miss Mildred Donnell Of
$40 Enright venue while she was be-
ing married to Thomas Hunt Talmage
Of New York city at the home Of her
aunt, Mrs. Martin ]. Shaughnessy, !
Washington terrace.
The property vas taken to satisfy q
judgment for $851.60 obtained against
her by James N. Haley, q United
States secret service agent, In circuit
court. Judge Davis presiding.
All Of the seized goods except the
piano yer packed and ready for re-
moval at the time they taken.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-08-26
AIsacs Free; Cuts Beard.

Montreal.-J. A. Chollet's hair and
beard of nearly half a century's growth
fell to the floor Of q BARRIERS shop here
when the veteran Of the Franco-Prus-
sian war Of 1870 discharged his vow
Of As years never to have his hair
cut until Alsace-Lorraine was re-
deemed from the Prussians. Mr.. Chol-
let left the shop with q c-lose-cropped
head and an imperial after the style
iof Napoleon III
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-08-26
STATE NEWS.

Sioux ralls-One Of the most
unique thefts on record il reported
from Sphinx township, Union county
Unidentified thieves carried away .
ptle driver Weighing about 1000
pounds. which belonged to the town
ship.
Pterre-Articles Of incorporation
havo heen filed for the Farmers Sc
curity hank o. Valley Springs. Cap
III. $4,000. President. e. O. Jones;
viee presidsnt, N. o. Monserud; cash
ier, A. 9. schmuke.
Elk Point-Archie Chamberlain,
~ 11-year-oId SON Of Mr.. and Mrs,
q. w. Chamberlain. living four miles
south OF town. died last Thursday
from the effects OF the fumes Of gas.
cline from his auto. While siphon-
Ing gasoline from his auto he en-.
hailed the fumes Of the gas which
caueed his death In q short time.
Carthage-John Amsler, who re
Gently sold his farm In this vicinity,
! few days ago had = reunion at Gen.
tralia, WASH. with q brother after
! separation OF thirty-five years.
They were separated when mere
boys. and while they kept general
track Of each other. they had not been
able to meet for more than a third
d : century.
Millsr-Addie G. Welch, county
superintendent Of Hand county, IL
launching q rather unique campaign
n the county for improving school
attendance. In addition to . mouth
to ar campaign. covering the whole
eounty. she proposes to make use Of
posters which will set forth plain
coneise reasons why school attend
ance should be improved and will be
given the widest possible distribu-
tton.
Cloux NA1ls-The town council Of
Eean has arranged for the erection
- enc of the streets Of . bronze
hoaor roll, containing the names Of
the yo~ng men from Egan and vicin-
~ No osrved their country during
~ vi. The women Of the Egan
Hi crouo viii raise the funds neces.
- for ~ eroctLon of the tablet
To tablet viii ~ unveiled ON Novem-
~ ~. when : great homecoming
ooto<(ninmont VIII BE held in Egar
- ho1or of tho returned service men
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-08-26

tion with the hope OF raising the
whole of the three billions still needed
for the liberation of the eastern de-
partments, which we're still occupied.
The loan was voted In July, 1872. 1t
was covered more than thirteen times.
The number of subscribers was 934,-
276 and the subscriptions amounted
to 592,000.000 francs Of rente, or, In
capital, 43,900,OO0,OOO francs. This
result caused universal Joy, and gave
France q fresh start with firm conf
dence In her future.
Finally, In March, 1873, the treaty
OF evacuation was signed, by which
Germany was to move out Of the east
ern departments stfll occupied by her,
and France undertook to pay and paid
the last billion in several payments
from May to September, 1873, that is
to say. two years In advance Of the
terms Of the peace treaty.
Theirs was hailed as the "Liberator
OF the Territory" and France, at last
free Of German occupation. could de-
vote herself to her material recon
struction, which had begun the very
day after her defeat.
France was gradually recovering, to
the great astonishment of the enemy.
The Germans were wondering how
they could check such remarkable
progress. From the end Of 1871 the
Industrial and commercial activity,
which had been suspended for more
than a year. began to show an extra
ordinary development. Orders flowed
Into France from home and from for
eign traders. All those who had been
directly struck by war showed a con-
fdence, a Joy, and an instructive need
to repair their losses and fill up all the
gaps. Faith In the future was upper
most, and all the signs of rapid res
direction were clearly visible; so
much so that Bismarck was fright
ened by the rapid progress Of "this
conquered and disjointed power, which
had never submitted and whose vital
ity appeared to him to be a permanent
threat, which was for him both a stim-
illus and a remorse."
Renewed Prosperity.
In November, 1872, at the meeting
of the assembly, M. Theirs made a
detailed statement of the situation of
the country; he drew attention to the
wonderful progress Of foreign trade,
which amounted to 7,014 millions, as
against 6,227 millions In 1859, which
had been the most prosperous of all
the years of the empire.
From 1872 to 1880, France enjoyed
an e~ver-growing economic prosperity.
The agricultural figures In some years
were such as had never been seen be-
fore, ever when France had two more
rich provinces. Industrial farming
was greatly developed in the north
east. and the yields were so remark
able that for a time It was thought
the soil alone could heal all the
wounds the nation had received.
In spite of the loss Of Alsace-Lor-
raine the output Of the coal mines,
which had been 158,OO0,0O0 in 1869,
reached the following figures:
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-08-26

The industrial production Of textiles
was increasing In The same proportion.
In 1869 124,331, 900 Kilograms Of cot
ton goods were manufactured. In
1874 there were 1873, 527, 600 Kilograms,
end in 1876 there we're 157,S59,O0O.
Exports Of wooden goods were more
than 262 100000 In 1869 and 317,0OO,-
600 in 1875. silk goods rose from
10000 900 In 1869 to 478,OO0,OO0 in
1873.
Manufactured goods shipped out
ward rose as follows:
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-08-26
~ BARON JACQUES Oh NEu.
EllZE.

OF the Banking Firm o. Neuflxe 4 Co.
One OF the topics Of discussion all
over the world today Ii the question
Of the reconstruction Of France. Her
record In 1871 might answer the Ques-
tion.
In May. 1671, France signed with
the victorious Germans the treaty Of
Frankfort. under which she surren-
dered Alsace-Lorraine. She obligated
herself, besides. to pay as a war In
demnity 500.000.000 francs within 80
days after the re-establishment Of the
authority Of the Versailles government
In Paris; 1.000.OO0.O00 In 1871, 50O,-
100000 by May 1, 1872, and the last
B.000.O0O,O00 by March 2, 1874.
On the other hand, the evacuation
Of the French departments (Seine,
Seine ct Merne, Seine ct Disc, Oise)
by the German troops was only to
take place after payment Of the third
half-billion, and the German troops Of
occupation had the right Of levying
acquisitions In the occupied depart
ments, and even outside Of these,
should the French government fall to
carry out the obligations undertaken
by them for their maintenance.
Situation In 1871.
The financial load imposed by the
war was extremely heavy. 1t was nee
essary to face the expenses incurred
during the war and to pay the billions
indemnity, Notwithstanding the losses
caused to agriculture, commerce. and
industry by the cessation Of work.
The losses In francs due to the war
were estimated as follows:
Indemnity payable to Ger
many .0O00.OOO.OO
Interest on this indemnity. 3O1. las 7d
Cost Of issuing the loans. 275.664.208
Deficits Tor years 1070-71 .2,70O.000.OO0
Actual loss Of Alsace-Lor-
raino ..7,00O.OO0.O
Total moro than. 49,. 15.0o0.0oo.0oO
These charges were all the heavier
because France had lost the 1,607,220
Inhabitants Of Alsace-Lorraine, and
the population Of the remaining terri
tory had decreased BY lo1,615.
The worst side Of Frances position
Ms the maintenance q the German
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-08-26

Wages increased almost everywhere
between 1871 and 1880. taxes were
collected with great ease, and, in spite
Of heavy charges, national wealth In
creased.
In 1871 France exhibited amazing
recuperative powers. Today France
can do the same thing again.