davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
FOR OFFICERS ONLY"
Thoughts on Vexed Question In
Military Administration.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Str: For
more than twenty years 1 have been
intensely interested In military affairs.
am very much concerned to know how
tho American army is to get the needed
recruits for the critical times ahead Of
us unless there 10 q comprehensive pro-
srsmme OF reform In the attitude Of the
army toward the enlisted man.
recently spent several weeks in
France. The feeling between officers
and men Is undoubtedly good and one
can have only praise for the character
Of the average officer. But both officers
and men are caught in a most repre-
hensIble system.
In Paris, for instance, saw this
sign In the Care de TEst: Notice to
the A. e. F.--Commissioned officers,
nurses and telephone operators (fen,ale)
will ride first class. Non-commissioned
officers and army field clerks, second
class All others must ride third class.
A ticket out Of your class will not be
honored."
Another sign directed an soldiers to
register with the provost marshal In the
station Immediately upon arrival and
concluded: "Officers will not be kept
waiting In line TO register but will go to
the head OF the line for this purpose
1t was not until recently that a nurse
was allowed to be in the company of an
enlisted man. Ofiicers got the best seats
at the shows and boxing matches. One
man remarked facetiously when I was
on the firing line never had to get out
OF the way TO let an oficer get to the
front" Another pointed to a sign say
ing For Officers Only and remarked :
II hope the next war will be for officers
only"
l am not criticising all OF this. ] am
certainly not crlticising the American
officer. whom saw on many occasions
seated on a sight seeing bus with an
enlisted man on his lap, This system
may be necessary, but II It is neces-
sary we cannot have an army adequate
to our needs DEErs PICKETT.
NEW YORK. July 2
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
The Treaty with Poland.

The treaty concluded by the En-
tente Powers and the United States
with the new Republic of Poland Is
very evidently. from the statement
made by Premier CLEMENcEAu, In It's
main provisions and obligations much
the same as will be made with Czecho-
Slovakia. Jugo. Slavla and other States
which will receive large accessions of
territory.
In imposing treaty conditions upon
Poland the conference makes no new
departure. 1t follows the presidents
set by previous European conventions,
especially those Of the Berlin confer
ence In the establishment of the diff
ferent Balkan nations. The special
provision that Is made for the build
ing up of the new European States
IS due to the fact that the territories
being transferred to them include "a
large population speaking languages
and belonging to races different from
that Of the people with whom they
are incorporated" AS these roces
have In the past been often strongly
antagonlstlc, II Is the desire OF the
conference to assure them from the
beginning protection from unjust dis
elimination or oppression.
Poland Is thus called upon to in
sure that all the genuine residents of
the territories. Russian, German, Aus
trisn and Hungarian, shall have the
full privileges Of citizenship. There
is special obligation to provide in
distinctly non-Polish districts in
struction in primary schools In the
language of the minority race. A
clause specifically provides for the pro.
lection Of the Jews, for the mainte-
nance Of Jewish schools and the safe
guarding Of the Jews In the religious
observance Of the Sabbath. This does
not exclude the Jews from military
service and II does not constitute n
recognition Of the Jews as separate
political community.
There appears nothing In these
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
MANY DINNERS AT LENoX
Mrs. Giraud and Mrs. John f. Par
sons Among Hostesses.
Nptcfdl DeSpafch Id Tnr Srl

LENox, Mass. July 2.-Mr. and Mrs
Giraud Foster entertained friends A.
dinner at the Lenox Club tonight Mrs
John K. Parsons gave a dinner at Inter
laken in honor Of her guest, the Coun-
tess Langer Nillars. Mt and Mrs An
drew Carnegie gave n small dinner party
at Shadow Brook. Last night Mr. aud
Mrs. Ross Winans Whistler entertained
at dinner at Hidden House.
Mr., and Mrs. Beekman Winthrop %
New York will arrive Tomorrow a.
Ethewyn to visit MIR. Winthrop 4
mother. Mrs. Robert Winthrop
Or. Charles L. Lindley of Lakewood
y. j.. Is visiting Mrs. Arson Phelps
Stokes Mt Shadow Brook Farm, The Rev.
Mr.. Stokes, secretary OF Yale Corpora
ton, has gone to Canada for fishing
Mrs. Banyer Clarkson entertained the
teachers and pupils OF the birmingham
public schools at n garden party. She
presented silk hag for the school build
ing
Robert W. Chaplin OF London will open
his country place in birmingham on
Saturday.
The engagement Is announced OF Miss
Ruth Leonard, daughter OF Mr. and Mrs
William ]. Leonard OF Albany, TO Mes
bitt Hoyt Bangs son OF Mrs. Lenue,
Bolton Bangs OF New York and Stock
bridge. Mr.. Bangs was a Lieutenant n
the Coast Artillery overseas. He was
graduated from Williams College las
week Miss Leonard was graduated
from Vassar College in 1917.
Mrs. Richard c. Dixey and Miss Mar
A. Tappen of Boston arrived at Tang'e-
wood to-day
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
A Savings Bank Centenary.

The first savings bank In New York
was opened one hundred years ago
to-day in the New York Institution
which had been the almshouse-in
Chambers street, where the County
Court House Is. Its announced pur-
pose was ito secure place of deposit
for the savings of mechanics, manu-
facturers, mantua makers, cartmen.
seamen, laborers, in short, Of all who
wish to lay up a fund for sickness,
for the wants of family, or for old
age"
When il is said that this venture
the Bank for Savings, which still
thrives, was the third of its kind in
America It must be remembered that
there were no savings banks until
1878, when the first was started at
Hamburg, Germany. England took up
the Idea twenty years later. Now
there are probably $500 savings banks
In the United States, with deposits of
about six billions. The savings bank
habit Is not yet as popular In this
country as it Is in Great Britain,
France and Germany. where almost
every family has a savings account,
but the individual deposits in the
United States are from six to twenty
times as large as they are In the banks
abroad.
Possibly the thrift campaigns con-
Quoted during the war and the saving
habit to which many freehanded
Americans were introduced through
Liberty bond purchases will result in
making the country at large ms fore
sighted as New England, where there
Is one savings account to every two
Of the population.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
TRADE BRIEFS.

During the war American cotton print
goods sold In Medellln. Colombia, at whole.
sale for an average price OF 20 cents a
yard; terms. six months net. with a is
per cent. reduction for cash payment.
Exports certified for shipment to the
uni;sd States from Panama were worth
$685. $50 In 1918. as against s9a0,47s In
1911 Belata exports fell in value from
$3.50. 382 in 1917 to si3s,2S5 In 1918.
According to tho Sisyue Courant Bel
gian wholesale dealers In hides and leather
have established a central purchasing bu-
reAu for the purpose of controlling the
entire import into Belgium OF hides and
leather.
A combination has been effected by the
Tropical Fruit Company of New York and
the Mexican Fruit and Steamship Com
pany of New Orleans whereby these two
companies will Jointly engage in tho bs-
mana trade In Tabasco.
Trade Commissioner Charles f. Wood
cables from Paris. France. that catalogues
OF machinery for mining and moulding clay
for bricks. tiles pipes, &c. are desired by
the American Belgian Chamber of Com
merce OF Brussels. Belgium. and tho Syn
dicat des Briqueteyies, Lille, France.
Arrangements have been completed for
Armstrong whltworth Company and the
siddeley- Deasy Motor Car Company of
Coventry. England. but whether this will
be in the nature OF . complete absorption
or merely a controlling interest Is not yet
stated.
The coal output in Scotland last year
was 80. 12i. aga tons, a decrease of 1855, 52e
tons compared with 1917. The number OF
persons employed was l24,477. OF this
number 1855 were employed under ground
and 27.919 above ground. In 1917 the
number employed In coal mining opera.
lions was l3o027.
Japan has taken active steps to stimu-
late Its live stock industry by giving sub
slides to raisers, by making allowances for
meritorious service to the industry. and
by awarding honors for breeders Of FMS
stock. A fund has been placed at the
disposal of the Ministry OF Agriculture
and Commerce for this purpose.
of,oisi figures recently published show
that Birmingham has the highest unem-
ployment rate OF any city In England,
reaching a total OF 724 per 10000 OF the
population OF greater Birmingham. The
engineering and allied trades are princi-
paly responsible for the high rate. and
building and road transport follow In the
order Of occupations most affected.
Tho erection by tho Anglo Persian OIL
Company of extensive refinery works at
Skewen. near Swansea. Wales, Is viewed
from both the national and the local
standpoint as one Of the most importan,
undertakings ever contemplated in south
Wales II will he the nrst refinery of any
importance to be erected in the United
Kingdom for the complete refining OF i'm.
ported crude petroleum.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
Hand Shaking Time.

Majority Leader MoNDELL now and
then mentally relaxes in colloquial
speech by playfulness Of kind known
as spoohng. In such lighter mood he
may have urged upon Minority Leader
CIARK as a reason for a brief rather
than q prolonged recess of Congress,
I'VE want to be back here SO that we
can shake hands with the President
when he returns" To this remark,
amiable IL sincere, Mr.. CLARK re-
sponded. II would rather shake hands
with my constituents"
The Minority Leaders comment
was also trick Of speech. for he
does not shake hands he permits his
hand to be shaken. But that Is aside
from the point. Scores, hundreds Of
Representatives are eager to shake
hands with constituents were they
to be pitilessly frank in their conf
dences they would, we guess, rather
shake hands at this time with con-
stituent than with any non-constitu-
ent. no matter how exalted. As the
astute and honorable member from
the Third New Jersey district said TO
UNDERWOOD, then his leader. who wns
urging Democrats to remain in their
places when campaigns were on for
the 1914 elections, Northern Demo
Gratis are not elected in Washington,
nor are they. like Southerners, elected
when they are nominated"
Crops are being gathered. and sold
for handsome prices farmers are in
hand shaking mood; the boys from
over there are getting back to the old
home towns and SOME may be think
ing Of running for Congress. Surely.
in such case, 1t proves no lack of
proper enthusiasm over the Presi-
dents return for member to long
for the honest grasp of n constituents
hand, even If the JOY of greeting a
long absent one is thereby delayed.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
SCAPA FLOW.
A Westerner Hears In the Incident
the Voice OF Providence.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Str: There
is power in formulas Cato's "Delenda
est Carthage" had its part in the de-
struction of Carthage Here is little
formula that the world would do well
to keep in mind:
Question: When is Hun not a Hun &?
Answer: Never.
IL England had kept this In mihd the
German fleet would not have been scut-
tied at Scapa Flow. II was a treacher-
Gus thing to do, but It was character
istic. There was nothing to prevent the
men left on the ships from sinking them
but the armistice agreement. It ought
to have been understood that an agree
ment means nothing to Hun. Knowing
this. England stlll left them unmatched,
with the result that they did after their
kind. The excuse they gave--that they
thought the armistice was ended-was
also characteristic. A Hun act is never
complete without a lie to cap II.
1t is profound saying of Thoreau's
that we are always accomplices in the
evils that affiict US, Quaint old Herbert
says that "more servants wait on man
than he'll take notice of" Providence is
forever giving us nudges, hints and les
sons, but IL is hard for us TO heed them.
After Belgium it would seem as IL no
further lesson were needed as to the
Huns. Yet England trusted them. In
the Scapa Flow incident We can hear
Providence saying, Once more l warn
you! AMERICAN.
DoBr WALLS, Okla. June rs.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
MARBLE HOUSE MAY OPEN.
Mrs. o. II. p. Belmont May Enter
tain Grandson, on Princes star.
'ecidi Despatch TO TIE SuS

NEWPORT. July marble House may
be opened after all II 10 understood
that Mrs. o. H. P. Belmont has said she
will open the villa II the Prince of Wales
visits Newport this summer for the pur-
pose Of entertaining her grandson. the
Marquis of Blandford. who is a member
OF the Princes staff
Princess Murat OF Paris, who is a cues;
OF Mrs. James Mcdonald of Washing
ton, has several bruises on her face and
Mrs Mcdonald is suffering from
broken rib as the result OF an automobile
accident in Portsmouth. r l.. when they
were on their way here. Their car UP.
set IN making a turn.
The new childrens play that has been
written by Mrs. J. F. A. Clarke has been
called the Magic Lesson" and some of
the children OF the colony will present It.
The date for the wedding OF Miss
Lesley Fredericka Pearson. daughter OF
Mrs Frederick Pearson. to Henry r
Hyde Ripley, son OF the late Sidney d.
Ripley, has been set for August 80 at
o'clock in Trinity Church.
Miss Pearson will be attended by Misc
Lillian Endicott of New York, and
James Ripley is to be best man.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
Wilson Suffers Another Defeat ut
the American Polls.

Mr.. WILSON never loses an oppor-
tunity to tell the Powers Of Europe
that the American people are over
whelmtngly behind him. But the
leaders Of Mr.. WILSON'S Democratic
party bore AZ home learn to their sor-
row, every time they go into an cleo.
ton, that uos even the members Of
Mr.. WusoH's own personally con-
Quoted party are behind him.
The very latest exhibit of States
and districts lost to the Democrats by
Mr.. WlLsos's policy Is the Fourth
Congress district Of Minnesota. In
recent years 1t has been overwhelm.
ingly Democvtdc. Although Mr..
HUoHEs carried the State for Presl.
dent in 1915 Mr.. VAN DYKE, Demo-
cratic candidate for the House Of Rep
resentatives in the Fourth Congress
district Of Minnesota, beat his op-
ponent two to one In the same year,
carrying 1t by 2S,516 votes against
1877 for the Republican candidate.
Mr.. REESE.
Again in November, 1918, when
Democratic districts were falling
away from Mr.. WILSON'S party on all
sides, still the Fourth Congress dis.
trict Of Minnesota remained 50
strongly Democratic that Mr.. VAN
DYKE was reelected.
But day before yesterday at a spe-
cial election the Fourth Congress dis
trict of Minnesota was at last lost In
three cornered fight by the Demo.
cratic party. Both the Independent
Republican and Labor candidate and
the regular Republican candidate ran
ahead of the Democratic candidate.
In q district with almost $4,000 Demo
cratic votes to spare under normal
circumstances the Independent can
dldate defeated the Democratic can
didate by some AGA votes and the
Republican candidate was ahead Of
him by more than 1000 votes.
We have no way Of knowing how
much Mr.. WILSON fools his audiences
ON the other side of the Atlantic when
he tells them the American people are
overwhelmingly behind him, or
whether he fools them at all. But
virtually every single bit Of voting
testimony that has been produced In
this country since the nation went to
the polls in November, 1918. is proof
positive that nowadays he doesn't do
much fooling of anybody at the ballot
boxes here at home.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
CRIME WITHOUT DRINK.
Law Breaking In the South No
Ended BY Prohibition.

To THE EDITOR 81 THE suN-sir: That
prohibition 10 not bringing social order
or reducing crime In the South as
promised by prohibitionists is borne out
by tho following testimony. editorially
stated by the Charleston Neps and
Courier:
Not IN many years, 10 one may trust
TO Impressions have the South Carolina
newspapers been called on to tell OF SO
many crimes of violence In this State.
One homicide has followed another in
quick succession. the gun or pistol being
used In many instances upon what, TO
the reader. must seem tho most trivial
OF excuses. 1t has been suggested that
the reaction from the war strain Is re-
sponsible. On the facts available the
explanation would not seem to satisfy.
But II that 10 not It. then why a wave
this sort now. with liquor banished?
In time to come II will be proved to
the satisfaction OF any one free from
bias that alcoholic beverages promiscu-
ously sold over the bars In saloons were
not the chief source OF crime In commu-
mites. Those who accepted this belief
without study of the facts must needs
ask for an explanation from the Anti
Saloon Lea que and the professional pro-
hibitlonists.
Crime seems to be increasing In dry
as in wet" States. The people of the
Southern States to-day are no better off,
arr not freer Of crime and general dis
order because they voted out the manu-
facture and sale Of liquor. than those OF
the North. the Anti-Saloon League to the
contrary Notwithstanding.
RALPH p. PALMER
BROOKLYN, July 2.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
Interests on tho Rhine.

THE Sun has argued in behalf Of
American interests at home which
are threatened by the proposed League
of Nations. Yet 1t also questions
whether American prosperity Is mo-.
to be seriously jeoparded by the new
arrangement for the control Of the
navigation Of the Rhine, the chief
waterway Of continental Europe. Per-
haps, even more, the new pact threat
ems the interests Of the whole world.
1t would nullify a system that has
worked satisfactorily during q GEN.
fury. Moreover. the change proposed
flies in the face Of all American d.
plomacy. On this question Of the
freedom Of navigable rivers the United
States has won some Of its noblest
victories, while also benefiting man.
kind. For 1t has always been the
burden and glory of American dlplo.
macy to contend for the universal
and not merely local or national utili-
cation of the rivers as we'll as Of
the ocean. In fact, so many are the
precedents In this line of constructive
world politics that 1t may be called
aud indeed Is recognized In Europe
as "the American principle" 1t Is
one Of our undisputed contributions
to civilization.
Stated briefly, we have always con.
tended that all rivers flowing through
the domains of several countries, that
Is, international waterways, should be
opened to the use of the world. From
the head of navigation to the sea, to-
gether with their tributaries or arti-
fetal canals, they should serve the
interests of the entire race. In fact,
the United States has risked war and
even entered upon hostllities with this
end In view. Let us look at the prec-
edents in the matter.
First, at home and In the very in
fancy of the nation, our protest was
made, and successfully, against SPANS
monopoly of the Mississippi. In the
war between the States the determi-
nation to keep the Mississippi open
was vital and continuous, and made
good. On our northern border, in re-
gard TO Canada, our treaties with
Great Britain called not only for the
free navigation of the ocean river"
draining the region Of the Great
Lakes, but also the tributaries of the
st. Lawrence. Not only in the negotia-
lions of the Treaty of Client, closing
war waged by our sailors for the
freedom of the seas, but as Secretary
, of State In 1924 HENRY CLAY laid
down and indicated this American
policy. He declared 1t to be the duty
OF man toward his Creator ito de-
liver his great work from the artif.
cial shackles and selfish contrlvances
to which they have been arbitrarily
and unjustly subjected"
So far from this being theory only
It was made the yitalizing principle
by which the South American repub-
lies In their very infancy were helped
on toward u career Of unity and
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
The Date when the state OF War
VIII Terminate.

Senator KNOX tears apart one Of
the pet scarecrows Of the League adj
vocates when he points out the alb
surdity Of their contention that trade
with the people Of Germany cannot
be resumed by the people Of the
United States until the Senate has
ratified the treaty.
When does the war end2 is a ques-
ton that Is answered In the treaty
itself. 1t is provided In the Pream-
Bile MS follows:
From the coming into force Of the
present treaty the state Of war will
terminate"
And when does the treaty come
into force-not so far as any one ma.
tlon is concerned, not so far as the
fate Of the League Covenant is con-
cerned, but so far as the termination
Of the state war, the bar to general
world business. Is concerned. Turn
to Article 440 Of the treaty and we
find the answer:
"A first proces-verbai Of the de-
posit Of ratihcations will be drawn
UP a. soon as the Treaty has been
ratified by Germany on the one hand
and by three OF the Principal Allied
and Associated Powers on the other
hand.
From the date of this FIRST process
verbal the Treaty will come into force
between the high contracting parties
who have ratified It. For tho deter
mination OF all periods Of Tina pro-
vided for in the present Treaty this
date will be the date Of the coming
into force Of the Treaty"
And therefore that will be the date,
as the Preamble provides, "when the
state Of war will terminate"
But" We shall hear from the gen
tlemen who would prefer TO see Amer.
lea cut off from the worlds business
rather than to see Mr.. WILSON'S in
terwoven Covenant scissored, "the
treaty will not be in force except be
tween the high contracting parties
who have ratified it," That, how
ever, is not the question. The date
of the termination of the war IL the
matter at issue.
II Germany on the one hand and
Great Britain, France and Italy on
the other hand should ratify the
treaty tomorrow, Is 1t thlnkable that
trade between tho United States and
the defeated nations could be cut of
until the Senate assented to the
treaty?
When the state of war is termi
mated and the European Allies which
have ratified the treaty send their
ships to German ports, who In Eu
rope Is going to prevent the ships Of
America from going there also?
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03

board ought to DO distributed not on
political lines but on those Of COM
mercial interests. II the old treaty
of 1915, supplemented by the Rhine
Navigation Treaty Of. 1s8s-which,
happily, In 1911 averted the German
proposition to impose tolls on the
Hhine-has worked so we'll, why
scrap it2 In a word, why nuilify
an American principle so grand In
Ideals and 90 noble In practice and
set up n political body with clashins
national interestsl Is not such abuse
Of power by outside nations likely tn
be boomerang?
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-03
BANNER SEASON AT PIER.
NarraEansett Hotels Filling, Many
Entertainments Planned.
Special DespdtcA 70 TEE srx.

NARRAGANsETT PIER, July 2-That
Narragansett is TO have a banner seasor
Ia now an aSSred fact Hotels are
gradually filling up and plans are multi
plying for n series OF entertainments At
the Casino, which opens on July IL for
the season. The Casino will be one
on July I. however, for a patriotic dane
at night and buffet supper,
Miss Marie Combe and Miss T. \
Moss Of Hewlett, L. l., have arrived a,
the Masslsoit for the season.
l.. Harrison Dulles, Mr. and Mrs, Joh,
n. Kent OF New York and Mr.. and Mr.
Abraham Britton OF New Orleans have
arrived at the Imperial.
Mr. and Mrs Henry de Coppet and
the Misses Beatrice and Gertrude d.
Coppet are at their villa on Contra.
street