davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11

III. bismarck soldier was born n
Nebraska, coming to the CAPITA p,;I cry c.sy
is years ago. He was genersny ,, poH
ular and his many friends WI deep's
reoret to learn Of his sacr1fice.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11

Washington. Mrs. Block, . widow,
gave her two sons to the colors, ana
Martin Block is still in France.
Albert Block, who would have been
"a years old February II, went to
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11

8 o'clock and small charge Will be
male to cover expenses. Judges WILL
be- announced tomorrow.
The Bismarck tribune., 1919-04-11
BIG CROWDS FOR
MANDAN DISTRICT
MUSICAL CONTEST
Expected That Large Number OF
Representatives of Slope
Will Compete

iMandan, n. D., April 1l.-lndica-
lions today were thar great cfo"d
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26
STORIES OF THE WAR
Virny Ridge Given to Canada.


Vimy Ridge allotted by the French
Government as a gift to Canada, has
now been formally transferred, says a
dispatch to the Montreal Star, which
adds that-the transfer involved the ex-
preparation of land Of. local owners
on the famous battlefield.
Great interest is being aroused
among the Nimy Ridge community as
to what the, Canadian authorities pro-
pose to do with the site. 1t is UNDER
stood a Canadian memorial building
will be- erected by the Canadian Gov
eminent to house Canadian records
relating to that sector. The chief
Canadian memorial. however, must
obviously be at Ypres itself.
The site formally presented by the
Belgian Government to Canada is now
marked by a temporary Canadian
building, into which have been gath
cred a, large number of guns and other
Repa triated peasants now returning
to their homes are daily turning up
articles of historic interest, machine
guns, gas alarms, trench signs, bombs
and other war material of direct Can
adam interest from the battlefelds Of
the whole salient. These are being
garnered into the Canadian building
and 1t is earnestly hoped no time will
be lost in erecting a permanent Cana
dian building in. view of the increasing
number of visitors which, as fun trans
port facilities are resumed, may well
become something like an avalanche.
The site is superb. It embraces part
of the rarnParts at Meningate, com
manding on the east the entire salient,
on the west d comprehensive view OF
the whole ruined town. It is believed
similar building at Ypres as British
memorial.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26
THE HELL GATE R6uTE.

= The question has been raised as to
Why greater use is not made of the
New York connecting railroad via
the Hell Gate bridge for the improve
ment of passenger service between
New England and points to the
south and west It is realized that
this is what this 10000. 900 He'll
Gate route was built for. and while
there may have been reasons for cur
failing the passenger traffic during the
period of the war that is now passed.
But even though the railroads have
not as yet been turned back to their
owners. and it seems unlikely that
they viii be for six months more,
there can be seen no good reason why
this connecting line should not be
utilized for meeting the needs of the
travelling public while under govern
ment control as well as to wait for its
development later on
The surprising thing in connection
with this section of expensive railroad
IS that while there is considerable
freight business being handled over it
there are only two passenger trains
e@I1y in each direction. which for a
fcur track stretch of road at point
n the country where traffic is ex-
rFemefy heavy under all conditions is
not much better than that provided
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26
WHERE THE FAULT LIES.

Even though the senate must act
before any treaty can be made to bind
this country. that branch of congress
has been kept in the dark about many
things As yet it has not been able
70 secure such information as it de-
s1res regarding certain features of
the peace treaty that has been ar
ranged at Versailles, and yet because
Ct the attitude that the president has
taken toward the senate in relation to
this important matter we find the ad-
n1inisuation supporters hollering
about the hamsringing Of President
wilson
There is no one responsible for what
Is referred TO as hamstringing but
the president himself. Had he not
insisted upon keeping the senate and
the country in the dark about many
things that they should know about
Different situation would prevail
today
And in this connection it is inter
esfing TO note. as brought out by Sen
ator Brandegee. what the presidents
attitude is regarding the text of the
special alliance with Great Britain
and France for the protection of
France until the league is put into
operation Section four of that agree
ment provides that il be submitted to
the senate Of the United States "at
the same time as the treaty of Yer
sai7Ies-" It is now ten days since the
president presented the treaty and
now report comes from Washington
that the alliance text will not be sub
mitted 70 the senate until after the
president has completed his tour of
TIE country
That cannot be regarded as pre-
seating Il at the same time as the
treaty but a disposition to disclose it
when the president gets good and
ready. and even without any explana-
ton for the delay. while the British
and French parliaments have long
had It before them
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26
SAFEGUARDS SHOULD FOLLOW

Thesinyestigation that is under way
regarding the explosfons of that b1imr
over Chicago causing the deaths OF
many persons is important both for
the necessity of learning. what the
cause of the disaster was. in order
that it may be guarded against in the
future and the need of providing reg
ulations for restricting such menace
over cities where the. danger to lives
and property cannot fail to be regard
ed as great.
1t is Droba BILE that even though
none who survived the affair can put
his finger upon the exact cause that
the experts will be able to determine
where the trouble lies. From indica-
tions it seems to have been spark
from the motors that We're used in
propelIing the dirigible. which DEM
onstrates the necessity of overcoming
such defects when put to that, use or
attaching spark ancestors or some
other device for preventing that kind
of trouble in the future. .e.
When. such airships, or any flying
machine for that matter. sail over a
city it cannot fail to be appreciated
that in case of trouble making des
cent necessary, there is danger to-. the
people below. and this is par
ticularly true if the drop cannot
be controlled. 1t is therefore quite
probable that some different regula-
tions regarding flying over cities
will result from this disaster. 1t has
followed wrecks of other L kinds on
land and sea and there is every rea-
son why it should apply to navigation
of the air.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26
In 1sveiry ORIGINAL Conception there is

In every original conception there is
a basic. idea. The persoI HR whose
brain The idea is lbBrn may ner@hznce
be 4 novice, sor one Who is swholly I'M
| skilled in the art to which it apper-
tains. 1t then remains for those skill
ed in that particular art to apply the
basic idea to the best advantage Tor
the purpose for which it was intend
s The originator of the idea may at
first suggest crude ways of applying
his idea, and he may point: out the adj
varitages. of it, and he may go SO lar
as to formulate many rules showing
its efficiency. It. then becomes com
para lively easy matter for those skill
ed in. the art to- which it applies to
utilize the idea
Il Now this is exactly what happened
when the basic idea of ship protection
EMPLOYED in the diamond convoy sys-
tenn was evolved in the brain of j. r.
Trofand of New York city. In the lat
ter part of April. 1917, Mr.. Troiand
conceived the idea of arranging ships
in certain formations for the express
purpose .of reducing the area of the
vessels hull which was exposed to
the purpose of greatly increasing the
offensive powers of the vessels. In
other words, Mr.. Troland's idea was to
reduce. the size of the target while
greatly increasing the offensive pow
ers of the target
The diamond convoy system Is sim
plys one application Of his basic idea
Of ship. protection against torpedo at
tack by SUI bmarines. He also<su ggest-
ed. multiple, unit ship and rhombus.
square and -hexa gonal forrna ton OF
ships in convoy In the diamond con-
voy and in the hexagonal square and
rhombus forpnations the safe distance
between. vessels was to be decided by
the United States naval officers All
these ideas were sent prouutly to the
government shortly after he entered
the war. tf-2s
..aAt that time ships were being sent
singly through = the submarine zone;
and they.7were being sunk by the hun
dreds- of thousands of tons. :. -
In the diamond convoy system the
ships are arranged in the diamond for
alton : In the main central Hne from
bow. to stern there were to be the same
number of ships as there was abeam.
To the port and starboard of the main
central line, there was to be one ship
less in each successive line. There
fore, If there were five ships abeasn,
there would be. % ships in the convoy.
The safe distance between ships was
to- be. decided by the U. s naval Off
GERS. a destroyer escort was also to
accompany the convoy, outside of the
convoy proper Also aircraft 4as an
added protection. Troop. ships were ito
be- on the inside of the formation,
torpedo attack. Cruisers and battle
ships were also to- be on the inside of
the formation in the larger Conveys
these to fight off surface ships as well
as submarines.
: It can readily be seen that it would
be suicidal for as:su bmarine command
er to approach these powerful arma-
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

is to empower them to raise their
fares; a third is to permit them to
run only lines which are profitable.
But SO antagonistic was the last
legislature in Connecticut to any one
of those suggestions that nothing was
done to relieve the situation, and the
people of this state are put to enorn-
GUS inconvenience. and, in many cases,
to a considerable loss, because Of this
foolish attitude on the part of the
legislature. The trolley situation is
just Illustration of what other
kinds of business may come to if the
present vicious process of raising
wages and then raising prices con-
tinues.- Many forms of business can
not raise prices SO that they cannot
secure the extra money needed to pay
extra wages. Consequently they must
ultimately come to stop. And no
one can see the. end so long as there
is no check upon present imitation.
How soon the federal reserve bank
system can take action which will
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26
THE COAL SITUATION.

Broadcast are being spread the facts
concerning the coal situation from the
standpoint of the coal organizations
In fact it is by no means recent al
though increased efforts are being
made in that direction at the present
time. Attention is being directed to
the Importance of consumers buying
coal at the earliest possible moment,
to getting their orders in and to urge
prompt delivery. This can be fully
understood as being desirable this
year even as it was last. From every
indication it is the height OF folly to
delay orders in the hopes Of lower
prices, since production has been un-
wisely curtaiied and the facilities for
moving the coal are going to be di-
ninished as the burden of moving the
crops is placed upon the railroad ss
The logical time for the moving of a
big proportion of the coal is during
the summer whether it is by boat; or
by rail.
The statement has been, made to the
house rules committee of congress
that There is plenty of coal in the
ground and plenty of miners to get 1t
out but. unless the coal users Of the
country buy the coal will not be
mined 1t is this failure to produce
when it rs known what the normal
CONSUMPTION is fDOuHQ 10 De ana at a
time when production should have
been and should be at the top notch
that cannot be understood That like
wise seems to be where the great
trouble lies as much the failure to
place early orders for dealers COM
plain that try as they will they have
difficulty in getting their orders filed.
and orders given by consumers way
along in the early spring are not yet
delivered.
1t was a grave mistake. for. the pro-
ducers to have permitted the existing
shortage of 1z5. 100000 tons. but it ex-
lists and if it can be- cut down by an
increase in orders placed now and
prevent 8 the situation from getting
worse there can be no question but
what the consumer has a. dftfy to, him
self to perform and that is to get his
order booked just as soon as hel can.
Certainly he has been aware that no
one else is going to look out for his
interests if he doesn't.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

the city. Hosts and 'hostesses were
enjoined to warn their guests to be
in their. own lodgings after the trunf-
pet sound to the watch or the ring
ing of the beli' (nine oclockat night
There is no more beautiful picture
of Christian charity than the scene
in this city when, on August 80 1872.
merchants Of Lyons brought news of
the massacre of the Huguenots on St
Bartholomew Day. Pastors were dis
patched to the frontiers to,~meet the
fugitives who were reported to be on
their way to this asylum, and the
venerable Theodore de Beze, who had
succeeded Calvin as the spiritual head
of the Council, directed the whole
population to fast and pray for the
sufferers.
,,.Geneva has set aside as site for
the permanent home of the Leagu of
Nations beautiful wooded park bor-
dering on the lake some FIVE miles
from the center Of the city. Behind
the park tower the ow-clad Jura
Mountains. While there are many
villages in the vicinity of the park
which are suitable for offices and for
quarters of the delegates and their
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26
THE DIAMOND CONVOY SYSTEM

das. All ships armed with quick hriak
guns and depth bombs. with ]oolsouts
On all ofstise vessels And outside of
boat destroyer escort. The convoy also
being equipped with aircraft as an
added protection. Maybe cruiser or
battleship was also in the formation;
or number of these, depending on
the size of the convoy.
If it were possible for submarine
to get within torpedo range Of the
mander could hope for was to torpedo
one of the outside vessels in the con-
voy. In doing this the chances were
that his own craft would be sent to
the bottom Besides, the ship which
he torpedoed might be of little conse-
quence.i perhaps a merchantmen. with
a small crew on board.
ParadoxicalS as it may seem. the
the fact that the larger the convoy the
smaller compare lively, is the target
exposed to torpedo attack by subma-
rines. While at the same time the of
fensive powers of the convoy are
greatly increased
Increasing the number of ships in
the diamond convoy fourfold only ap-
proximately doubles the amount of
underwater hull area which is exposed
to- torpedo attack by submarines
The amount of escorting warcraft
can be regulated according to the ex-
posture of hull under water. Twenty
AiNC SHIPS IA Inc ulaH1ofli cCHfOy ll6N
ing approximately no more UNDER
water hull area exposed than five
ships sailing sfnglye and alone on the
ocean and 100 ships in the die mond
convoy having Approximately nc more
underwater hull area exposed than ten
ships sailing singly.
Many apDlica tions could be, made of
Mr.. Troland's- basic idea Of ship pro-
lection and the diamond convoy sys
tenn might be. SO modified that it could
be said that it was not adopted or
proceed in triangle formation consti-
tuting one-half of the diamond. How
ever.' although the ships might be
naHouvered in a slightly different
manner. the strategy and tactics en-
ployed would be practically the same.
Mr.. Troland has anticipated every
method of attack which might be made
against his system. either by subma-
rines. surface ships or aircraft. Or by
other ideas which makes the system
invulnerab BILE against any such attack
Under date of June -4th. 1919. Mr..
Troland received letter from Hon.
Fred A. Brittens NJ. c.. of the house
committee on naval affairs. informing
him that he could see no objection TO
him having his ideas on ship protec-
ton published in the newspapers of
the country. And under date of June
letter from Hon. gosephus Daniels,
secretary of the navy. informing him
that the department can see no objec-
ton in publishing the details of his
shop protection ideas, this. including
the diamond convoy system and null
tip1e unit ships.
: Mr.. Troland was born, in Norwich.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26
OTHER VIEW POINTS

Waterbury seems to be determin-
ed to be in fashion. Other cities are
reporting crime waves and now
we learn that there is one in our
midst. Fortunately it seems to be
the work of boys and is limited to
small burglaries. One disquieting
feature about it, however, is that a
number of guns have been stolen. The
fewer guns there are in general cir
culation the better-Waterbury Re
publican. $50 >;
When there is no money with which
to pay wages a business necessarily
has to stop. How can trolley compan-
les get the money with which to pay
wages? Two or three methods have
been suggested. One is to relieve the
trolley companies of taxation; another
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26
TAFT ON RESERVATIONS.

Although he has not made a public
statement to that effect. the impress
sion has been gained in Washington
that the letter of ex-President Taft
in which he suggested reservations
thai could be made regarding the
league Of nations without doing injury
thereto. even though ne does not con-
s slider them absolutely necessary
= though he believes they would make it
possible TO bring about an agreement
on the treaty in the senate. did not
please President Wilson
Mr. Taft has been one of the strong
advocates OF the league and had stood
for its ratification in its present form.
He has toured the country in its be-
half and gone into explanation of its
articles more extensively than any
other He has been an ardent advocate
of = league for years and he was
quick 10 espouse the cause of this
league at its start
Thus when he departs from al in
Efstence upon the adoption of the
covenant in its present form it is of
course an evidence OF a break in the
defense Of that document It shows
that it Is realized by the advocates
that the opposition has presented ar
gments that need TO be given atten-
non Even though the former pres
1dent may not be turning completely
around and even though he is not
willing to say that changes are vital
10 the welfare of this country. it is
quite evident that he recognizes the
wisdom Of Safeguarding the nation by
action now rather than insisting up
or provisions that are recognized as
being open to Interpretation and ap-
p1ic1tiou later on though not perhaps
Intended and certainly not desired.
The stand taken by the former presi-
dent unquestionably strengthens the
reservation idea
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

on lines where trains are sent over
them just 70 hold the charter.
This railroad conneetien prevents
the necessity of crossing. the city from
one large railroad terminal to the
other, a matter of considerable inn
portance 20 the travellers going to dis
tant points, and with the line avail
able for use and patrons DESTROYS of
taking advantage of 1t. the increased
utilization ought to be forthcoming.
It was built for service and such
should be provided.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

How to, have a good Complexion. re-
move freckl ess spfmpfesf and wrinkles:
how to look best. fat or skinny;
strengthens eyes, voice: quit tobacco.
prem te. the. growth of hair. eye1ashes
and eya:,r ows;s flIs of feet, kidneys and
fstonsa ch. specify. any one of l,above
ailments. and I. will send you the cure
or relief for same for, only II cents In
stamps Il have no miracle remedies
to- sell, nothing but advice derived
from 20 years experience With thotf-'
g1nds OF testimonials, a<AH mail, re-
rrfe::i setfssss tTfctsst conffdenc e. sSatis-.
f ctso, is Guaranteed or IN oney re-
funded a ddress Professor w o.
+ .dzeo.. 81 Princeton Ave-. Chicago.
Ill. jyz3d
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

The elevated road IN Boston is do
ing less business under its new fare
arrangement and increased operating.
expenses, but inasfnHch as the state
makes up the deficit no one but Mass =
achusetts should worry.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

wind. They are unlike the SO called
sefIseless. clam who has sense enough
to. compel ducks Ios carry him to new
water, as waterfow.ls also carry the
eggs of water insects and fish, Man
cannot seem to discover anything new
under the SUN, although he is a Won
derfi1I scholar
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

II no other disposition Is made of
the former kaiser he might be turned
over to one OF the big circuses ard
used as ore OF the Gagged attractions
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

Those who few days ago thought
that the safest meant of crossing the
ocean in the air was by dirigible may
change their minds after the Chicago
disaster.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

The Frenchman who vowed he
would not have his hair cut until AL J
sace-I orraine was freed has visited
the barber. but how about the fellow.
who wasn't going to- getS2 clip :untiI
Bryan was elected president?
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

People are being urged to use thrift
TO meet the present day situation.
but they have long since been forced
to that conclusion.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

ButtermiIk is getting so much free
advertising that it can be expected
that .buttermilk jags will yet be- fur
nishing business for the police court
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

The impression seems Ito be elm
Washington that the president will
not run for third terms but the
best way TO settle ii is for the presi-
dent to declare himself
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

Benedict Arnold has been called so
many things that he will probably not
rise up to object because Henry Ford
calls him a writer.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

With the announcement that the
government wants to sell a million
and a half tons of prunes. all the
boarding house keepers ought to get
busy.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26
EDITORIAL NOTES.

1t is certainly most unenviab1e
when persons or countries have no
better standing than that of sheep
killing dogs.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

1t must make the Germans in Cob
LEM mad to think that they are. riot
allowed to murder Americans with
as much freedom as the Mex;cans do
in Mexico.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

The man on the corner says: Lot
of people begin to have prejudice.
early in life and never think of seek
ing a remedy.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-07-26

secretarial staffs. the capital building
itself must be built