davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican., 1919-05-08
special Teachers Elected

At a joint meeting of the two school boards Monday night the following teachers were reelected for the ensu- ing year: Miss Myrtle Rice, super visor of music; Mrs. Estus, manual training, Miss Daisy Buck, domestic science. Miss May Stewart has re- signed as art instructor and the ve cancy has not been yet.
Arizona republican., 1919-05-08

MONEY TO LOAN-I have different amounts could loan on desirable real estate on conservative valuation. R. A. Windes, Tempe.-Ady- DIX
Arizona republican., 1919-05-08
Pxthians to Meet

The Pythians will have their regular meeting this afternoon at 2:SO o'clock. After the regular meeting there will be A. practice for initiation.
Arizona republican., 1919-05-08

tauqua program will come and go, Dr: Earl Mott, director, and Miss Mildred Goodrow, will remain during the entire qua in charge l. ,Fflintou IL
 course. Dr. Mott will have the cfIau- tauqua in charge and Miss Goodrow will be in charge of the junior. She has many pleasures In store for the younger folk who will be in attendance upon the afternoon junior cnautauoua.
Arizona republican., 1919-05-08
Sold Ranch-WiII Summer in California

W. A. Wilkes has just completed the transfer of his 80 acre ranch to J. F. Freestone, and will leave with his fam fly in a few days to summer in Cali fornia. The departure from the Salt River Valley is not intended as a per manent one. for the family Will return in the fall to 36 acre place southeast of town, recently purchased.
 The 80 acres brought $315 per acre and while it was purchased at a low price by MT. Freestone, brought to the owner a handsome profit over the amount paid for it a little more than a year ago.
 MT. Wilkes came here from Montana merely to look over the valley. He came at the earnest solicitation of his i friend, H. A. Gray, who was making money on a valley farm, and he now says that while both he and MT. Gray had dire forebodings as to the Arizona heat, before they had tried it out, he now expects to make the Salt River Valley his permanent dwelling place.
Arizona republican., 1919-05-08
HONOLULU CHINESE PROTEST

HONOLULU, May 6.-Chinese or ganizations here today cabled the peace conference urging the restora- ton of Chinese territory and the ab- rogation of all secret treaties.
 Use The Republican Classified Page for results-read for profit
Arizona republican., 1919-05-08
pudley Windes to be Home Friday

Mrs. Hope Windes received a tele- gram yesterday morning from her hus- band saying that he was then in St. Louis and would be home Friday.
Arizona republican., 1919-05-08
Seventh Grade Room Ha. Picnic

Seventh Grade Room Has Picnic
 Miss Smiths room Of seventh grade boys and girls, enjoyed a hay ride to the river Tuesday afternoon.-further enjoyed a lot of games, and even more so delighted in riverside picnic sup per. They were properly chaperoned by some erownups, and returned home at ten D. m.
Arizona republican., 1919-05-08
Entertain at Bridqe

Mrs. Wm. Menhennet and Mrs. J. E. Drane, Jr, entertained at bridge and conversation yesterday afternoon, the Masonic hall being used for the occa- . sion. A pleasant time was reported by the guests. Refreshments were served.
Arizona republican., 1919-05-08

Chautauqua. Workers Who Will Remain
 While the entertainers on the chau-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30
The Famous
MaCkenSen "PhaIanx"

Won Mackensen proved in Galicia that
a sufficient artillery concentration could
completely destroy surface trenches. But
he also proved that picked infantry could
drive through all the trench lines of an
enemy shaken by tremendous lombard
ment The Mackensen "phaanx"-the
forerunner of the Won Falkenhayn and
Won Hutier "shock troop" formations
became as famous as Mackensens mobile
heavy batteries, doing field artillery SER
vice.
The British at Neuve Chapele attacked
onc-mile front, using 300 big guns.
Won Mackensen massed about 1000 guns
on front Of several miles. The German
official reports fix the length Of the line
broken through on May at eleven miles.
But the fire was largely concentrated on
the enemy's centre before Gorlce The
bombardmeDt lasted four hours and when
the support troops moved forward there
were no Russian trenches left. Dimi-
triefFs army melted away. The Biala
River line, in front Of Gorlicc, was com
pletely uncovered. Nor was DmitrieT
able to make stand at the next river.
the Wisloka, or st the Wistok still fur
thcr back
BruslloR's rear was now exposed. Nv
rapid retreat he cxtricatcd himself,
losing only one division. His army and
Dimitreff's eventually rallied on the line
OF the San. But the Russians couldn't
hold on that line. They lost Jaroslav
and Przemysl and retreated again in con-
fusion to positions covering Lemberg.
The Battle of the Dunajec and the
operations directly following it cost the
Russians we'll over 100000 prisoners.
Yet conditions which applied only on the
eastern front had made Won Macken-
sens new offensive method seem more
destructive and irresistible than it really
was. 1t caught the Russian armies at
moment when their fighting strength was
fast cbbing away. German power in
artillery was magnifcd by extraordinary
Russian weakness in that all important
arm.
General Basil Courko, at one time
chief OF the Russian Imperial Staff and
At another time commander in chief of
the western armies, says in his book.
War and Revolution in Russ:e":
"kor months lin 1879 batteries IN
action daily did not receive more than
four shells per gun per day Empty
parks were thsn brought UP. and there
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30
Out of the Frying Pan
Into the Fire

But in escaping the peril of strong
Germany which obsessed our leaders who
made the armistice, which obsessed all
minds in Paris at many moments, the
conquerors of the Kaiser have only fled
to new danger. We have almost fin
ished computing how much Germany
owes us and there is not living man in
Paris who has the remotest faith that
we shall ever be able to collect even an
insignificant fragment Of our bill. We
have permitted our debtor to become
totally bankrupt. We have permitted
him not merely to lose the larger portion
Of his capacity to work but also the de
sire and the incentive to work. The
German has laid down his tools. aban-
doned his desk. economic paralysis Is all
over Germany, and Of course the liquid
capital Of Germany available to meet
foreign obligations Is inlbitesmaI
This, after all, is the teoJ tregedy Of
the situntlon which now eonfronts the
Paris conference.
| have said all this with reference to
the German domestic condition because
] am anxious that my American readers
should understand how greatly Germany
has changed between the 1th of No
vember and the 18th of March. We have
now in fact to speculate as to whether
there is any authority capable of sign
ing the name Of Germans to the Peace
of Versailles.
The simple truth is that Germany re-
mains to-day as great Il mystery as in
1914 or 1916 1T remains as great
peril, not in a military sense, but in an
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30
German
Shuggishness

General Won Hoffman,, one of the
ablest Of Won Hindenburg's lieutenants
has attributed the comparative failure
OF the Eastern campaign of 1915 to Won
Falkenhayn's poor judgment in not
directing his main attack against Kovno,
instead Of Warsaw. Kovno was the kew
to the Russian northern front. Had it
fallen first, Won Hoffman, holds, the Rus
sian armies exposed in the Warsaw
salient and in western Galicia would
have been enveloped and peace of sur
render would have been forced on Russia
by the end Of 1915.
But here again the factor of German
sluggshness enters. Could that slug
gishness have been overcome any more
successfully by an offensive in the north
than by an offensive in the south7 Ger
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30
,tr0ng or Germany Weak: Which Shall It Be?

would have expected. In November Ger
many had to accept whatever was offered
and knew it. Unhappily, the Allies were
not equally informed on the German
situation.
In the first phase following the Ger
man surrender victorious Europe, tenn
porarily escaping from the fear which
militaristic Germany had inspired dur
ing four and half years of war, gave
itself up to the equally paralyzing night
mare of German Bolshevism. 1t neg
lected to take precautions against
militaristic Germany in the future be-
cause it was afraid of contributing to
producing a Bolshevst Germany in the
present.
The result of these hesitations was
temporary revival of the old German
spirit, probably far more apparent than
real. Despite their domestic chaos and
their ever mounting internal disorders,
the Germans temporarily talked in the
tone and in the language which for more
than four and half years had alarmed
a Europe which had then perceived these
words to be backed up by all the enor-
nous forces of the armies of Hindenburg
and Ludendorff. Apprehension of Boil
shevism in Germany disappeared. Fear
of Bismarckian Germany returned ten
fold, and at this stage the Entente hest
tated to take steps calculated to check
Bolshevsm, such as feeding the Ger
mans. lest they should in fact save mill
tarism.
We have come now to d third phase.
To-day 1t is becoming clearer and clearer
that the old Germany Is doomed, that the
dsntegfation marches day by day. that
something apprexmatipg Russian chaos,
however temporary, Is now weilnigh In
evitnbe, Unlike Russia, Germany is not
yet breaking up into separate states.
There Is no evidence available that there
is any probability of break between
the North and South, between Protestant
and Catholic Germany, between Prus-
STA on the one hand and Bavaria, Baden
and Wirttemberg on the other, such as
was widely expected at an earlier period.
What is apparent is that the economic
and social disintegration of the whole
German Empire is becoming more and
more complete.
In this situation the Allies have at
last undertaken to do little of what
they should have done in totaity three
months ago. They now purpose to serve
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30
Fall of
Len1berg

After Przemysl was rctaken by the
Germans and the line of the San was
forced the Russians made temporary
stand on the Grodek line covering Lem
berg. Won Mackensen didn't trv to
break this line He turned it on the
northern end by battering his way to
Rawa Russka, where Russky had broken
Auffenberg's defence Of Lemberg in Sep
TENDER, 1914. The Galician capital fell
on June %. Its loss and the loss Of
Rawa Russia exposed the Russian armies
in She Warsaw salient to flank attack
coming from the south
This salient was beyond the true Rus
sian military frontier and had been held
since August, 1914, only because the
Russian armies had covered it on its
weak southern face by overrunning Ga
lcia. Now three groups of German Aus
tro- Hungarian armies were closing i'm on
the enveopcd Polish angle, Of which
Warsaw was the apex. The most danger
Gus attack was that from the south. in
the direction Of LubIin I.ubln fell on
July 80. a few days earlier Won Hin
dcnburg broke through the Narew River
line, on the northern face, and Prince
Leopold Of Bavaria got acrogs the Vistuln
north Of lvanRorod Warsaw was
evacuated Oh August i. BY August 10
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30

partly, perhaps. Or else the ladies with
whom we go to the theatre are abnormal.
And can 1t be true that managers who arc
80 willy as to cater to the masculine taste
with such growing success are so ackinp
IN tact as to fail to provide for the fem
mime element?
Instead of ii chorus of magnificently mad
dcnng mermads let us decorate the stage
with cohort OF captivating, cavorting
cave-mcn. Down with tho spangles and
t'nsel of ballroom dresses; 4 has the silken
sheen Of holeproof hosiery; farewell fluff,
pun and rufe Raise high the club of tho
primitive wfe-hunter, handsome with the
strength Of the untamed brute. In lieu Of
ball dresses the shaggy cloak of n tigers
skin or mems fashions in the time Of King
David.
AT the end of her just TRADE Miss Clarke
lets the cat out of the bag "Womcn have
ut last, thanks to the war per augusta ed
augusta, come into their own. 1t ia again
possible, as in Elizabethan days, TO wit
ness of play where the players are all. or
practically all msx."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30
The Real
Squeeze

Having said all this. | desire now to
pass to the simple and practical question
OF the changes in Germany's political
frontiers which are envisaged in the first
draft Of the preliminary peace terms.
Germany Is to lose outright Alsaee- Lor-
taihe, with an area which together with
that Of the Saar coal district slightly
exceeds 5000 square miles and al ante
war population Of 2,260000. She Is 10
lose the Danish speaking portion Of
Scheswg with upward Of 1000 square
miles and approximately 100000 people,
although the question Of the extent Of
the area and OF the number Of people
taken will depend upon the vote of the
inhabitants, and some of the southern
districts, including the city of Flens-
burg, may choose to remain German.
She is to lose her province of Posen prac-
tically entire, with an area of 1000
square miles and population of 2,00O,-
600, together with a strip of Upper
Siesa which will contain several thou
sand square miles and 100000 people.
In sum Germany will lose thus outright
between 90 900 and $4,000 square miles,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30
Gern1any's
Five Months Gain

On the Baltic coast the Prussian from
tiers had been extended to the Gulf OF
Riga. Within the German lines south
from the Gulf of Riga to the border Of
Galicia were included the province Of
Courland, the governments OF Kovno
Grodno and Wilma, all of Poland, and
part of Volhynia. The area of the terri
tory overrun exceeded 100000 square
miles. Its population was in excess Of
100000. In five months campaign
Germany had expanded her own area
nearly half and added nearly third
to her population.
After the conquest of Serbia, Monte
negro and Albania, which was soon to
follow, one could say, speaking broadly,
that the ends of moderate and rational
German military policy had been at
tanned. The Teuton state called into
being at the end Of 1915 was one which
needed no sea power and no overseas col
onies. 1t could not be strangled by hos
tile sea power. IL took intelligent ac'
count Of the advantages and the liniita'
tons Of Gcrmany's geographical posi-
ton. II could be maintained by land
power alone. And German land power
was ample to maintain IT, 1t could also
be defended and enlarged a. slight cost,
because Of Germany's vast superiority In
military organization over Russia, her
sole competitor for mastery in Eastern
Europe and Central Asia.
But Won Falkenhayn, still chief OF
staff, took the superficial view that hay.
ing cleared and stabilized the eastern
front he could afford to resume the Of
fensive in the West. He was confident
Of repeating at the expense of France
the easy Russian and Balkan triumphs
of 1915. Hence the futile and wasteful
experiment at Verdun, where Germany
incurred ten times the losses which the
capture of Riga would have involved and
probably two or three times the losses
which would have been incurred N
breaking the entire Russian northern
front and capturing Petrograd. And han
the Germans entered Petrograd in 1910
Russia might have been put out of the
war year earlier, either by surrender
or revolution, and the military situation
of the Entente would have become deS-
perate. Destiny had other plans, how
ever, which were to be fulfilled through
the arrogance and obstinacy of German
leadership.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30

the Russian tradition Of steadfastness
and GOODNESS in retreat again indicated
itself. The cavalry divisions behind
Wilma could not close the trap. The
Russian infantry slipped out with mod
crate losses.
This failure to make the Canine the
Dry work puzzled the German critics.
One Of the frankest and most competent
of them - the military writer of the
'Frankfurter Zeitung" admitted that
the same phenomenon occurred in all the
great German enveloping operations: at
the Marine, in Poland, in Serbia, in Ru-
mania and at Caporetto. The mouth of
the sack in which the enemy was caught
neve1 was closed. Nor could this writer
find any convincing explanation Of Ger
man failure to realize the Gamma con-
ception. He could only advance the ex-
cuse of inadequate transport and con-
gestion of communications
This exculpation has received the
stamp of high German official authority
For Lieutenant General Baron Won Frey
tag Loringhoven engagingly puts forth
something very like it when he says in
his deductions From the World War" :
ut was proved on the Marine that the
age of armies numbering millions, with
their improved armament and the widely
extended fronts which they necessitate.
engenders very special conditions. On
the Vstua and in Galicia in October,
1914, at LODI and after the winter bat
tie at the Masurian Lakes, as we'll as In
the autumn of 1915 at Wilma, the same
phenomena always made their appear
ance, even though the conditions Of ex-
tent and character Of the ground, as we'll
as the main course Of events, were in
each case completely different. Forces
which suffice to achieve victory and even
TO destroy strong sections Of the cnemy's
forces prove inadequate for She attain
ineht Of the complete success which is
desired"
But this was not the case with the
Allies in Palestine or in Macedonia in
1913, or with Fochs final offensive. In
the first two complete SUCCESS" was
attained. In the last it was on the
point of attainment when Ludendorff
asked for an armstice.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30
Opening for Bright Young Cave-Man

tho spectacle OF tired business man less
musical show. For too long. she pro-
claims. has the feminine psychology been
overlooked entirely and the day for the
change has come. What is sauce for the
gahder has been proving sawdust for the
goose.
thus, we are told, on the stage it is not
always the handsome, accomplished man
who wins the beautiful heroine; rather IL
10 more frequently the plain, average fell
low. For this there Is subtle reason. We
males are wont to place ourselves in the
heros place; now, not being in the main
race of Adonscs or Apollos. it would
make us uncomfortable, as an audience. to
see paragon OF masculine beauty and
learning walk off with the cherished beauty
OF our dreams AS embodied on tho stapo
Hence the authors or managers wisely
that is, If they may be suspected of wisdom
Cater to US and indirectly fatter our
masculine inferiority by showing our plain.
average selves capturing the beauty of the
show.
IL the plaintiff in the case right? Only
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30

upon Germany preliminary terms OF
peace which shall be in fact, in all but
name, the definite terms. They have
practically decided the frontiers of the
new Germany. They are approaching an
agreement upon the sum which Germany
must pay and the manner in which it
must be paid. They are practically fin
ished with fixing the regulations to cover
German disarmament now and future
military Importance.
Yet it is plain now in Paris how great
was the blunder in November and in all
subsequent weeks. There was always
the fatal dilemma "Shall we save Ger
many to pay at the risk of her being
peril or shall we permit her to fall into
chaos, becoming thus powerlcss but also
incapable Of paying?" In the absence of
any settled policy on the part of the
Entente nations Germany was permitted
to sink into revolution. We could not
make tip Our minds to give her the raw
materials to start her factories. We could
not decide to remove the blockade and
let her population go back to work. In
this we were stopped by the fact that to
permit her TO do this would be to enable
her TO exploit to her own interest her
destruction Of French industries and
Belgian factories. The monstrous un-
fairness Of such "A course was patent, but
it was not less plain that II we did not
permit her to go to work she would not
tI ff, t>,tf hon
would presently become accustomed to
idleness and unwilling to 20 back to
work.
This is what has happened Apprehen-
sion Of militaristic Germany during the
next ten or fifteen years may be now
dismissed as idle. Germany can't fight
and Germany won't fight. The national
spirit is at least temporarily broken
confidence in national leaders, in old pol
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30

alt the Russian armies were out Of
Poland
The Grand Duke Nicholas planned to
hold the Russian line of mobilization
along the Bug River through Brest- Lii
tovsk to Grodno and Kovno and thence
north to Riga. But the momentum of
the German attack could not be checked.
Kovno surrendered under circumstances
which suggested collision with the enc
my. The Brest-Ltovsk line was punct-
ured and a new retreat became inevi-
table. Nicholas was relieved of command
on September 5, and the Russian armies
drftcd back under the Cars orders until
they stood, about October / on the
Dvina River, east of Wilma, east of the
Pripet marshes and, in the south, be-
tween the fortresses of Rovno and
Dubno. In the great retreat Russia had
lost from 100000 to 100000 men.
The Russian campaign Of 1915 was not
altogether imposing as military
achievement. 1t did not compare in bril-
lance to Foch's 1918 offensive in France
and Belgium, to Franchet d'Esperey's in
the Balkans or to Allenby's in Palestine
Given the enormous technical superiority
OF the German armies, they should have
accomplished more. Won Falkenhayn
and Won Hindenburg were also pupils OF
Count Schlieffen. They had the Gamma
formula always in mind. But they didn't
work it out any more successfully than
Won Moltke the Younger had worked it
out in France.
The Russian armies in the Warsaw
salient we're ripe for development. At
several stages in the course Of the great
retreat they were in extreme peril. Won
Mackcnsen might have blocked the road
east from Warsaw il he had reached
Iubln Il little sooner. Again ut wilma.
where the Russians, under the Cars
urRings, made too obstinate stand Won
DIndenburg had them surrounded on two
sdea, with his cavalry in their rear. But
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-03-30

were cases where battery used its last
reserve stocks. An army corps would
receive no more than / 900 shells at one
delivery and would not know the date
when another delivery would be made.
By this time the army commanders un-
derstood that the shortage of munitions
was not a creation of overcaution, but
a sad reality"
With the heavy artillery (Which could
hardly be classified as heavy when com
pared with Won Mackenscn's monster
hoWltzers) the situation was even worse
On this point Gourio testifics:
"But if the Russian artillery had a
shortage in field gun shells the lack of
shells for the heavier guns was even
more pronounced. In 1915 cases were
known where heavy batteries we're sent
to the rear ostensibly for repair, but
actually because of lack Of ammunition
for them. This position gradually got
better, but, nevertheless, 1t avas only in
the spr1ng Of 19l7 that the different
armies we're made happy by being able
to reckon on having several tens of thou
sands Of shells for the 6-inch guns and
100000 4.8-inch trench mortar bombs;
and this, in comparison with the hun
dreds of shells which were supplied in
1914, and even in 1916, might be con-
sidered satisfactory"
But in the spring Of 1917 Russia was
virtually out Of the war.
AT the battle Of the Dunajcc Won
Mackenscn's heavy artillery is estimated
to have used 100000 shells. And by
November, 1914, the Germans were en-
ploying 12-inch guns in field operations
while the Russians had nothing heavier
than 6-inch guns until the spring Of
1916.
The Dunajcc therefore brutally un-
covered Russia's military wcakness--a
weakness which could not possibly be
overcome except through an effective