The sun., 1919-08-21
WILSON ATTEMPTS
FOUR RESERVATIONS
Continued from First Page.

or Nations submitted IN any way
either to arbitration or to the con-
sideration of the council or assembly
of the League of Nations, or to the
decision or recommendation of any
other Power. II dispute arises be-
tween parties with regard to a ques-
ton other than those which are
herein specifically exempted as do
nestle questions, and Il Is claimed by
one of the parties that such question
Is domestic and political question
relating to its internal affairs, then
the council shall not consider or make
recommendations thereon, except
upon the unanimous vote of the coun-
Gil, other than the representatives OF
the disputants.
4. There shall not be submitted to
arbitration or inquiry by the assembly
of the council any question which, in
the judgment Of the United States,
depends upon or involves its long es-
tablished policy, commonly known as
the Monroe Doctrine and 1t is pre-
served unaffected by any provision of
the said treaty.
Sought Advance Action.
Senator Brandegee Comm. asked
Senator Pittman II the reservations he
proposed were to be incorporated in the
resolution OF ratinoation.
II do not propose that" Senator Pitt
man replied. MY purpose is to have
| my resolution considered as soon as pos
| sible and adopted in advance of action
/ on the treaty so that other nations, hav-
| ing representatives on the League Of
| Nations, would have the opportunity to
adept Identical resolutions or some of
\ the same purport. In 10 circumstances
would 1 have the reservations a part
of the ratifying resolution"
Senator Poindexter (Wash). con-
tended that there was a conflict in
Article XVI. and in the reservation pro-
posed by Mr.. Pittman as to the Council
having authority to decide every in
| ternational dispute
Two kinds of questions are involved"
said Senator Pittman. "One is moral
and one is legal The moral obligation
| Implies determination upon its carrying
, out by the party making II. A legal de-
| termination under the treaty would be
| In accordance with action of the mem
bers OF the Council or other bodies Tn
| der my proposal we would give notice
| of our understanding of our moral OBJ
| legation. AS TO the legal obligation I'M
| der the treaty dealing with the Monroe
Doctrine and domestic questions, / would
, have an Identical resolution adopted by
| II,
| which with the United States would con-
stitute the permanent majority of the
Council to which all these matters are
10 be submitted, II they are subject to
| submission.
III they adopt the same resolution
that we do, pledging themselves in ad-
vance to the same construction as we
| do, then we will know that that under
| standing will be carried out in any de.
cision that might be given"
| Does the Senator construe the obliga-
ton imposed under Article XXIII. pledg-
ing the United States to provide free
transit of the commerce of all MEM
bers of the league. developing the
| Presidents fourteen points where they
| touch upon economic barriers as a moral
obligation" asked Senator Polndexter
mo, that. is n legal obligation and
cannot be reached by the separate reso-
| luton / urge" replied Senator Pitt
man. 1T would have the same effect
as amending the treaty. Under Article
X we have a moral obligation 10 pro-
tect territorial integrities. Under this
no power is granted any instrumentality
to assist us in forming our judgment or
interfering with our judgment when Il is
| formed.
when we find an aggression against
the territorial integrity of a country
we have moral obligation to do some
thing. II we find in our judgment that
there is no aggression. that Judgment
would not be renewable power under
the Covenant of the League. II would be
a moral obligation because there was nc
legal power to enforce II. The legal
! obligation applies when its determine
! ton is participated in under fixed rules
by another body than the country to be
bound by the decision"
II notice the Senator adopts the atti.
tude and language used by the President
in yesterdays conference" commented
Senator PondeXter,
Il know Of no higher authority" re
Piled Senator Pittman.
ut is n high authority, especially Il.
indicating the intention of representa-
dives OF the United states in framing IN,
covenant Of the League Of Nations" saiC
| Senator PoindeSter. The element o.
Judgment involved in the enforcement
OF obligations imposed by this cuvenan
does not affect the nature OF the obi
cation. but is the question OF the de
termination OF discretion to be used by
the United States when any occasion
arises involving a dispute as to tn,
League of Nations"
"A legal obligation is an enforceabl
contract" put In Senator owen COkla.) }
"A moral obligation implies that Their,
Ia no tribunal or other authority to dis
pose Of II. The Supreme Court has founC
all treaties TO be subject to repeal b,
succeeding Congresses. Therefore al
treaties are moral obligations and shoult
be so regarded"
THE Constitution of the United State!
provides that any treaty entered into h,
the United States instead of being
mere moral obligation Is the suprem,
law of the land" said Senator Poln
dexter.
Senator Pittman spoke OF the Leagu,
Of Nations as hardly more than a meet
ing place where the consensus of opln
lon Of the civilized world may be OBJ.
tanned and its moral force brought e
bear"
willing to Write New Section.
"Is the Senator willing to write a sec
tion in the league covenant that the
Jurisdiction OF the league shall be limited