davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27

use should be made of our combined
resources for the common good.
The Outlook for the Future.
l see similar commissions working
together in the future through the
permanent secretarial of the league
engaged upon making a common UNI
derstanding and upon reconciling con-
fiicting national interests. In the
future their business will be less the
removal Of a common danger and more
the promotion of common Sood. Look
ing back upon what was eventually
achieved by the Allies during the war
in the way of cooperation, it does not
seem wildly idealistic 10 hope that even
more may be obtained in the future.
Most of the Observation-Disclosures and
much of the fiction which have divided
nations in the past have arisen be-
cause there was no machinery ready
to hand which could be used rs remove
, them. II often took months or even
years OF correspondence to settle even
the simplest international questions
because 1t was rarely possible to bring
the men in each country who under
stood these questions face TO face.
The draft constitution has been so
drawn as to interfere as little as may
be with sovereign rights, II is de-
| signed to he free agreement between
| free peoples, capable Of improvement
as experience is gained and it is in
tended. in the words of President Will
son when he presented the draft con-
stitution to the third plenary session
OF the conference, TO be mot a strait
! jacket. but n vehicle OF life" The en-
haustion of Europe is such that il is
almost inconceivable that another
great war should break out In the next
! ten years.
! During these ten years there are
reasonable grounds for hope that the
nations of the world may become ac-
customed TO settle their differences by
other means than by war: the pressure
OF circumstances such as urgent de-
mands for social reform. Tor the reduc.
tion of taxation and the development
OF industry may enforce Il real and
permanent reduction of armaments
and that such a war as we have lust
passed through may become imposs
bic. That IS not, however, a goal
which will hp reached in day; human
nature being what 1t is. changes which
are to endure are rarely brought about
by stroke Of the pen; but IL we profit
by the lessons OF the war and appre.
ciate what is possible In the way OF
international cooperation when the
means OF communication between ma.
lions are made easy and when good will
sincerity of purpose and a firm desire
to prevent such a horror as another
world war are brought to the council
table, We shall have taken a very Iona
step on the road to that goal.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27
SHIPBUILDhG FOR EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSES,
Navy Talks of Minimizing Danger of
Collisions at Sea by Reverse Ap-
plication of Camouflage-
Microphones to Find
Miners Entombed

steering a direct westerly course. II
the naval officers in this department
were permitted to turn the periscope
and indicator into a gambling device
they could swell the proceeds of the
Victory Loan. for by no chance does
any one ever make even a fairly accu-
rate guess as to the ships direction.
Other secret rooms show naval
officers at work on the construction of
vessels. During the war days there
was construction department, a
painting department. room used to
go over and test the completed de-
signs. &C. This work is to be con-
tinued, but the object ia to facilitate
the problem OF guessing the ships
direction instead Of rendering 1t I'M
solvoblc.
In explaining this feature Of the
work The Navy Department says:
British naval experts are also in
terested in this endeavor, and camou-
| fieurs of both navies are agreed that
just as 1t was possible to elude the
German U-boats by means of a design
that gave deceptive impression OF the
true course which a vessel was steer
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27

tective coioration Of birds and animals.
The idea was TO paint the Light places
on II vessel dark and the shadows
light. This proved to be a very in
adequate solution of the problem, for
the shadows on a ship vary with every
change of light.
"a little later the theory that the
colors of the spectrum applied in deli
cate shades would cause a ship TO melt
into the sky occupied the centre OF
the stage. Numerous observations
made upon vessels so painted. how
ever, indicated that this contention
was without foundation and the red.
green and violet theory had it's day
and passed into history without bring
| ing the navy experts appreciabiy
nearer solution of the problem OF
effective ship painting.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27

liminaries OF peace, and in the present
state Of the nerves of Europe that APP
pearance was unfortunate.
/ believe the Conference would have
been better advised IL after 1t had
passed the three key resolutions, lay
ing down the basic principles Of the
league. It had announced that hence
forth its main business would be the
settlement with Germany, and that
the draft constitution of the league
when ready would he submitted for
discussion and criticism. The Coun-
ell of Ten could then have begun to
prepare the way for drafting the terms
to be imposed on Germany. pending
the receipt OF the reports from the
committees. just as 1t prepared the
way for the solution OF other prob
lens.
The course actually adopted has had
the effect of distracting attention from
II upon the draft constitution and has
believe, made many people think that
the trainers OF the League of Nations
expect more from It than they do in
fact. The three resolutions to which
refer were passed by the Plenary Con-
ference unanimously on January 90
and it is, 1 think, worth while giving
them in full. They We're:
/. 1t Is essential to the maintenance
OF the world settlement which the as
ISOLATED nations are now TO establish
that a League OF Nations should be es'
tablished to promote International CO
operation, TO assure the fulflment OF
international obligations and to pro
vide safeguards against war.
| 2. This league should be created n.
an integral part OF the general treaty
of peace and should be open 10 every
civilized nation which can 'be relied
upon TO promote its objects.
! 8. The members OF the league should
meet periodically, and should have {
| permanent organization and secreta
rial to carry on the business of tn
league in the intervals between tn
conferences.
No Illusion on Wars.
These resolutions have been passed
while the draft constitution OF tn
league remains to-day draft and ha
not yet been finally approved. The,
deserve careful examination. for the,
explain the spirit in which the draf
constitution has been framed, Mos
people II they were asked what is tn
object of the League of Nations woul
say the prevention of war. and Their
are not few who would tell you tina
the abolition of war is vague and un
realizable ideal. implying thereby tina
the league viii not have any practices
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27
Finding Entombed Men.

While these experiments for war
purposes were being conducted, d.
rector Manning of the Bureau OF
Mines conceived the idea OF apply
ing the instruments 20 locate en-
tombed miners. Interesting expert
ments along this line have been car
ried out with marked success. Men
with the geophone establish them
selves at the headquarters of a So
called rescue station, while the theo-
retically entombed miner. located at
a considerable distance, strikes the
earth with his drill. BY means OF
the instrument he is located at once.
Disasters due to the inability TO To-
cate entombed men have been fire.
quent. The men entombed have had
no means of signalling their location.
and confused conditions make it vir-
tually impossible for rescuers TO find
them excepting by good luck. In
other words, IL the rescuers could
only know where TO look the problem
would be easy. The new Invention
tells them this.
Other inventions with which the
Bureau of Mines has been identified
are now being turned from war to
| peace uses. For example, new fuel.
developed to provide increased speed
/ for airplanes are now being adapted
/ to automobile usage. Ordinarily &
! may be of slight advantage to have a
! fuel which as "A substitute for gaso-
/ iene will greatly increase the speed
, OF an automobile. But for emergency
! cases. Tor ambulances. perhaps for
| the fire department, the new fuel may
| find favor.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27

The ultimate solution of the puzzle
lay in a direction quite opposite to the
one toward which all eyes had been
turned. Questions of visibility went
by the board and the subject was APP
preached from another angle. 1t was
argued that, since the submarine must
correctly determine tho true course Of
the vessel in order TO make a success
full shot with a torpedo, it would not
matter how conspicuously she was
painted If a deception as to the direc-
ton she was steering was created.
This is known as the dazzle system
The microphone. too. was a powerful
argument against attempts to reduce
visibility as the submarine was pecu-
liarly we'll adapted to the use Of this
underwater listening device
The principle OF the miCrophone was
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27
By MAJoR.GEN. sIRF. MAURICE


(Coptright, 1919. By the Mcclure Ne1os-
paper Syndicdte)
TIME many critics OF the Peace
Conference will not dispute the
- fact that no assembly OF states
men has ever in the worlds history
had a more difficult task. The pleni-
potentiarles in Paris are endeavoring
to reach a basis OF agreement among
n number of nations whose interests
and PORTS of view vary. Such an
agreement necessarily implies some
concessions OF purely national inter
ests. for 10 ono nation can have things
exactly as 1t would wish to have them
II 1t alone were framing the treaty.
Just 100 years ago. after tho last
great world upheaval, the Congress of
Vienna was attempting the same task.
but under very different conditions.
Then there were no cables, Vienna was
not filed with representatives Of the
worlds press, every act of the con-
ference was not watched, reported and
criticised. Times have changed and
1t Is to-day no longer q question OF
| obtaining accord among crowned
heads; 1t is the people who have tc
seal the pact; therefore the peoples
must be informed and discussion and
| criticism are for the ultimate good
But criticism in each country is nat
urally mainly concerned with the IN
terests OF that country.
The United States is chiefly occu.
pied with the effect of the treaty upor
her Constitution. Great Britain Is
most anxious as to her future posi-.
ton as a sea power France as to the
! security OF her land frontiers and the
restoration OF her crippled finances
Thus In each country criticising the
conference is colored by a particular
point OF view and the cumulative eff
feet of this has been to produce ar
appearance of disagreement which
seems much more formidable than 4
really is.
Sees Two Errors.
While each country can and SHOULD
express its own views freely, II Is onl,
In Paris that conflicting opinions car
be brought together and reconciled, an,
until they have been reconciled IL 81
not easy for our representatives I,
speak freely. They have the heav,
task both " carrying their own peopl
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27

The honor Of the earliest American
attempts to diminish the visibility Of
ships belongs to George de Forrest
Brush and his son, Gerome Brush.
whose methods depended upon what
is known as countershading, which is
the fundamental feature of the pro-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27

danger of vessels coming together on
days OF poor visibility.
American naval camouflage ex-
perts are among the unsung heroes of
the war. Their work was attended
with little or no publicity. but was very
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27

efficient. The effectiveness of their
designs is indicated by a recent re-
port which shows that of more than
1850 vessels painted with navy de-
signs only eleven were sunk by sub
marines and not a single camoufiaged
troop transport was lost.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27
Potash From Kiln Dust.

The discovery of new means OF
obtaining potash supply has resulted
from the war and has made this ma
ton independent of the grip Germany
has always had on this industry. II
was due to the war emergency that
the Cottrell process of obtaining pot
ash from smoke dust in various fac
tories and smelters was perfected.
Aerial travel by dirigible is destined
to receive a great and lasting bout~,
according TO the experts, as a result
OF the discovery of the new; non-in-
hammable gas, helium. The idea was
to fill dirigibles with this gas and carry
cut attacks on German fortified places
With this idea in view great progress
has been made, and helium is now be-
Ing produced in two plants In Texas
In quantity. But tho advantage TO be
derived will be along lines OF peaceful
travel in dirigibles, whose constructive
features are revolutionized by tho
elimination of the danger from fire.
The progress made In airplane de-
velopment Is so obvious TO all that the
only question seriously discussed IL
whether or not the General Staff Of the
army is going TO permit proper devcl
| opment of the aeronautical lessons
learned. No one doubts tho fact tina.
all manner OF advantageous peace
| usages can be applied to the modern
airplane.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27

This is the final one in a series of
four articles by Major-Gen. Sir
Frederick Maurice, former chief
director of military operations in
the British War Office. dealing with
conditions in Europe. Gen. Maurice
has come to this country directly
from Paris. where he was an adviser
to the British commission.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27
New Fuels Being
Developed, Aerial
Travel Revolu-
tionized, and Even
Poison Gas May
Serve Good Pur-
pose

applied in ascertaining in a general
way the location Of ship at sea, but
the Germans apparently did not de-
velop this device to the extent 1t was
developed by the French and Atner!-
cans. Toward the end of the war this
device had been so perfected that it
was possible for the microphonc lis
tening station to calculate the exact
position of enemy guns after hearing
the shots. The speed with which
sound travelled was of course known
and served as a basis OF calculations
at different stations. With these lis
tening stations electrically connected.
it was possible to record the exact
time at which the sound reached them
and then, by a series of rather intri-
cate calculations based on triangula-
ton, the locating of the object pro
ducing the sound could be ascertained.
In the experiments conducted by the
Bureau of Mines, at the request OF
the French Government, the micro
phone developed undreamed of pos
sibilities. Instruments OF great SELL
sitiveness to sound were perfected and
reports from men engaged on this
work stated that the dropping OF Il
pin on the floor of a room sounded
like the roar of Niagara" to men
| listening with the device. The geo
! phone. based on the same principle as
the microphone. excepting that sound
waves were recorded from the earth
instead of from the air. has likewise
been developed here and abroad.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-04-27
rice Tells How Peace Congress Copes With Myriad Problems

experts on shipping, experts on the
supply of food, in order that the fullest
use should be made of our combined
resources for the common good.
The Miller press. [volume] (Miller, S.D.) 190?-current, 1919-09-11

Several of the rooms are shy seats
to seat the pupils. New seats are be-
ing ordered to meet the increasing en-
rollment.
High School pupils are electing
science courses. In the first year of
science there are ffty-fve enrolled.
In the second year there are twenty
enrolled. In the fourth year OF
science there are also nearly twenty
enrolled. Pupils are dropping Ian
guago in order to take up the science,
This language dropping in high school
is taking place all over the country
and has been going on for the last
three or four years. The ~up-to-date
high schools that used to offer all
forms Of language and four years OF
each are either lowing out all except
one language or are offering just two
years of two or three, different lah'
guages. The enrolment in first year
latin this year is just eleven. 1t was
over thirty last year. One year OF
language for Freshmen last year was
required and this year is not. There
were not enough enrolled in FreClch
7 to hold a class for. there being
just two who wished to take 1t. There
are eleven i'm each of the second year
language, classes, there only being
about twenty out of forty that sur
vived the first year of language last
year. The enrolment in the other
subjects is about the same as before
Football practice started the first of
the week.. Over q dozen boys have
turned out SO far and the spirit seems
to be good.
The Miller press. [volume] (Miller, S.D.) 190?-current, 1919-09-11
The Safest Way
To Park Your Car

There we're many cyss words and
cross looks from peQsNi who parked
their cars in. the middle of Main 81.
two or three days last week while
the mud was an inch or two deep. be-
cause they had to wade between cars
and sidewalk. Perhaps the auto pub
lie will cuss more when they learn
that there was no need for Il In MIL
Ter. There is no city regulation 70
quiring cars to park In the middle Of
the street. The custom grew out OF
an accident. One day this summer
while Street Commissioner Strut was
scraping the sides of Main street he
asked the auto drivers to park in the
center temporarily. They did, and II
happened that two or three dead"
cars were so parked. remaining there
for a few days. Naturally when oth-
ers saw these cars in the center they
lined up beside them, and the custom
was established
1t is not only disagreeable in mud
dy weather but the street will park
only half the number of cars ~
formerly when both sides were used.
The row of center cars was the cause
OF an accident one day last week.
when two cars ran together at the
intersection Of Main and Second
Streets. Neither driver could see the
approaching car because of the line
Of cars in the center. It Is much bet
ter to park along the sides, and It
should be done. There is nc city ord
err preventing it. Drive your q to
the right hand curb on an angie,
which will leave a good wide street
free for traffic,
The Miller press. [volume] (Miller, S.D.) 190?-current, 1919-09-11
No Decrease in Price
Paid fur South Dakota Hay

Pierre, Sept. 8.-While the heavy
rainfall of the early part of this sea-
son has no doubt produced as heavy
a crop Of wild hay in the central part
of the state as has ever been cut, and
has given a heavy growth to all for
age crops except in the extreme west
ern part of the state. the price of hay
is sailing along with all other pro-
ducts. The price Of prairie hay in the
western part of the state is about $40
a ton for the baled product, and the
shippers from that section get $32
a ton for their alfalfa laid down in
Omaha. Not many years ago the buy
err could get all the prairie hay he
wanted at prices ranging from five
to eight dollars a ton. and the crop
this year is far better and easier to
gather than in the days of the much
lower price.
The Miller press. [volume] (Miller, S.D.) 190?-current, 1919-09-11
Farm Bureau Plans To
Increase Alfalfa Growth

Brookings, s. D., Sept s.-Farm
bureaus Of central and western South
Dakota have suggested plans to in.
crease alfalfa acreage and seed pro-
duction. These plans provide for:
State registration of alfalfa fields
where seed will be grown for market
ing purposes; the growing Of hardy
varieties in demand: the interesting
OF each community in specializing up
OF one variety; supplying seed of a
hardy variety to growers; seed mar
keting direct to buyers, and the organ
isation Of state marketing, associa-
TIM for each variety.
The Miller press. [volume] (Miller, S.D.) 190?-current, 1919-09-11
Be NO
COAL SHORTAGE


washington, Sept. S.-Sharp differ
ence OF opinion on the probable coal
situation this winter were expressed
by Director General OF Railroads
Hines and F. s. Peabody, formerly Of
the fuel administration, today before
the senate interstate m sub
cimmittee investigating increases In
the price of coal.
Director General Hines declared the
coal operators would lay stress On
transportation difficulties to explain
the increased coal prices although
in his opinion the railroads would b
abel to move all the coal necessary.
Mr. Peabody denied that unduly high
prices we're being charged for coal
and said explanation calculated to al
ter the laws of supply and demand
would lot remedy the coal problem.
He added there was DO probability Of
a coal shortage this winter unless de-
l~iveries were held up by a shortage
of cars or by labor troubles.
The mines Of America can supply
forty per cent more coal than the
possible demands of the country. Mr..
Peabody asserted, and the labor sup
ply is adequate. He declared the cut
ting down of the railroad shortage
to s.000,0 600 tons were reducing the
roads to a 16-day fuel supply. which
might result in confiscation Of coal
supplies by the railroads.
The director general advocated
that the government retain enough
OF its war power to enable 1t to
control coal prices until normal con-
ditfons were restored completely.
The committee hearings we're sus-
pended until Wednesday.
The Miller press. [volume] (Miller, S.D.) 190?-current, 1919-09-11
Gangs all Here" and other airs min
gled with the cheers.

Gangs all Here" and other airs min
gled with the cheers.
General Pershing stepped ashore at
800 a. m. Waiting for him at the
end of the gangplank was Secretary
Baker with hands outstretched, Be-
hind Mr.. Baker were Senator F. 3.
Warren OF Wyoming, General PERISH
ing's father-in-law, and Mrs Warren
with William G.. McAd0o, former Sec
rotary OF the treasury. Back Of this
little group were General Peyton G.
March, chief OF staff. 0 score OF gem
erals and members of the mayors
committee of welcome.
After the first greetings were over.
General Persiiing made this statement
to the Associated Press:
There isn't anything Of conseQu-
ence to say in circumstances like
these. 1t is overwhelming. overpow>
ering. To say that ! am glad to b
home is superfuous. I accept this in
the name OF the brave fellows WHO
came, over and served to the best Of
their ability, making our c pos
sible."
The Miller press. [volume] (Miller, S.D.) 190?-current, 1919-09-11

While cleaning his shotgun. prepar-
atory to the hunting season, Earl
Campbell met with a serious accident
Unknown to him. the gun was loaded.
and during the cleaning process. the
gun was accidentally discharged
The shot injured one finger so bad
ly 1t was necessary to amputate 1t,
while q second finger was partly
blown on, and 1t was doubtful II II
could be saved.