davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1919-11-28
CLOTHING MERCHANT
MAY BE NAMED IN
HEADINGTON'S PLACE
Rumored Today That Gou,
Cox Will Appoint South
Main Street Man

It was rumored today that a we'll
known South Main street clothing
merchant would be appointed by Gov
ernor James M. Cox to succeed Capt.
julius w. Headington as member OF
the Knox County Memorial Building
commissions Capt. Headington re-
signed as a member of the commiss-
ion two weeks ago.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1919-11-28
JAMES SMITH IS
CALLED BY DEATH

DANvILLE, Nov. 25--James Smith,
aged rs years died at II o'clock Mon.
day night at his home here, after sew
eral weeks illness of pneumonia.
lie Is survived by his wife and sew
eral sons. Funeral services at .
o'clock Friday at st. Lukc's Catholic
church. with Rev. Tiepe, officiating.
Burial will be made in st. Luke's GEM
etery.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1919-11-28

Mr.. George Broeks who unemployed
in Cleveland, is visiting his parents,
Mr. and Mrs. S. 4. Brock of West
Pleasant street. In
Miss Mildred Snow of Cleveland is
the guest of Miss Ruth Alderman OF
North Main street
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1919-11-28
GRAHAM GETS
FINE POSITION

Mr. Arthur A. Graham. formerly of
Mt. Vernon, has been elected to in
structor of marine pip fitting at night
school for the United States board Of
instruction at Jacksonville, Fla. &
The school is conducted by the gov
ernment, with the cooperation of the
state, authorized by the Smith
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1919-11-28
BIRTHS

A daughter was born Tuesday, at a
local hospital, to Mr.. and Mrs. Rex.
Lamb of East Gambier street.
A daughter was born Tuesday to
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Horlocher of North
Norton street.
The Democratic banner. (Mt. Vernon, Ohio) 1898-192?, 1919-11-28

Hughes Act, the state bearing one
half Of the expense.
Mr.. Graham holds a position as
foreman of the marine pipe filters,
with the Merrill-Stephens ship build
ing company OF that city. The Com.
pany employs about four thousand
men.
Until last February he held sim.
liar position with the Mobile ship
building company, Of Mobile, Ala
They now have under construction a
six thousand ton steel freighter, OF
corgo carrier which makes the tenth
ship on which he has had charge ol
the pipe fitting cince leaving ohio.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31

If nut cracks or jumps it is under
 stood that the lover will prove an
 faithful; if it begins to blaze or burn
 he has a regard for the person mall- ing the trial. If the nuts named after
 the girl and her lover burn together they will be married. This is one of the legends that for time gave Hal lowe'en the name of Nut Crack Nish+ Sticking apple seeds on her cheek and naming each one for a lover IS regarded as a sure test in WaIes-the seeds which stick longest will prove the truest lover. Of course. even in ! this day everybody has -'bobbed" for apples. which have been placed in Q tub of water and named for ones sweeth cart. There is always plenty of
 amusement and everybody gets wet l and few can catch the apple, but when ! they do, according to the old legend, | the sweetheart is true.
 i Another well known test which is
 said to help the witches in their Hal | lowe'en festivities and prophecies is for a maiden to try the apple art Of
 finding out the first name of her fu-
 ture husband by pairing an apple. talk
 ing the pairing and swinging il about her head and then letting it fall II
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31
Hand Of Fate

Fate seems to play a great part in the tests of our future made on this night for in the days gone by it was supposed that the hands of the people who tried these feats of divination were guided by the spirits who were abroad on this night and when a blind folded girl reached out her hand and plunged it in an empty bowl. which was a sign that she was to remain q spinster, or the girl who struck a bowl filled with water which meant that she would marry soon, both their hands were guided by the spirit of some departed friends. Tests made with nuts and apples are particularly numerous and are carried out at Hal lowe'en parties today, but as an amuse- ment, for nobody who participates has the slightest faith in the result nor do they believe that an unseen hand is guiding them.
 A love test with nuts where Fate is said to tumble the nuts is still a favorite Halloween trial in Ireland When young women are anxious to know if their lovers are faithful two nuts are put upon the bars of a grate each one being named after the lovers
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31

smokes and nlists, which latter played 8 much more important part in the war than most people imagine.
 Scientific Incendiarism
 'Incendiary bombs and shells were, roughly speaking. of two kinds those loaded with a chemical com pound meant for intensive localized destructive effect, and those designed to spread fire over wide area. The latter were commonly filled with a mixture of a heavy petroleum distil- late and sa1tpeter. The saltpeter fur nished the oxygen to make combus- tion rapid.
 Tn passing. it is of interest to con slider that these petrol bombs were a 'throw-back' to methods of the middle ages. For the flaming mixture they carried was substantially the same thing as the Greek fire which, first used by the Turks. so appalled, the Christian Crusaders.
 ''Now, as for the other kind of bomb You are familiar with oxide of iron. which is ordinary iron rust. Also you are well acquainted with aluminium. No substance could be more harmless than either. But re- duce the two to a fine powder. mix
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31

associations. All Hauows' Eve finally became a time of merriment and feast ing as it is today.
 Solemn Tests
 In Ireland, wherein the o1den time the nights celebration was a great event despite it's sad nature, a huge bonfire was built and when it burned itself out the ashes were formed in a circle in which a large number of stones corresponding to the number who had built the fire were placed. In the morning if any stone had been moved or defaced the person named for it was called fey and doomed to death within a year, and his health was drunk for happy days while he lived.
 In Wales the ceremony took a lit tie more religious tinge for a great fire was lighted on the hearth of each household and every member of the family threw in stone. Then all kneIt in prayer around the fire before retiring. If any stone had turned white during the night it foretold death within a year of the person for whom the stone was named and this person was especially well treated dur ing the year. This legend does not tell Us whether or not the person died, but whether he lived or died he must have spent an uncomfortable year de- spite the kindness of the family. In Many Countries In Spain the devout persons still | spend Halloween in secIusion giving themselves up to prayer and to burn ] -ug candles or oil lights for the repose
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31

will su-e ely form itself into the first letter Of her future husbands name if she will repeat the following while she twirls the pairing:
 T pare this pipptn round and round
 again,
 My sweetheart's name to flourish on
 the plain;
 I fling the unbroken pairing OCT my
 head,
 My sweetheart's letter on the ground
 is read.'
 A noteworthy trick in Scotland is known as Pulling the KaIe,'' which is carried out by a girl going blind folded into a patch of kale and pulling up the first one she finds. If the stem be straight her husband will be tall and handsome. but if it is crooked the husband will be likewise.
 Still another is for the girl to take two roses to her bedroom and before retiring intertwine the stems. naming each one for a lover. During the night the one that grows darker will be the faithful swain. Only a few years ago Halloween was a night when bad boys threw corn about and covered pedestrians with Hour, threw dead cats on peo- pies doorsteps and worried household CTS by ringing their doorbelIs. This however. has gone out of fashion for 1 two rCasOns-drst. because the police felt that the housekeeper should not . be annoyed, and secondly, because the | high cost of corn and flour kept the boys from wasting these edible prod Ucts.
 Costume parties where the partici- pants appear as witches. devils. ghosts and various fruits are popular. and the once pagan tests are made in d Joking fashion. Few people realize the real meaning of this festival which is a strange mixture of the an cient pagan and the early religion. as are many of our festivals which when first celebrated were pagan, but in some way have been turned into feasts of the Church.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31

of the dead relatives or friends or else visit churches where masses are said for the repose of the souls of their beloved dead. Sometimes they visit the cemeteries where hundreds of blessed candles are lighted and prayers said.
 All along the Adriatic Coast people go down to the seashore with lights to evoke the dead, especially those who have been drowned. Sometimes that whoever gets there first releases a soul from Purgatory. Saffrons cakes emblematic of the purgatoriaI fires were eaten in many countries in Flu rope up to a century or two ago and called "SouI-Mass Cakes
 Witches, Lost-SouEs
 Witches and fairies play great part in the Halloween festival for the witches are said to represent the souls in purgatory who are almost wholly lost and are permitted to walk abroad or ride through the air on broom sticks or appear in the shape of black cats and catch up what prayers they may from the people who are praying for friends. Thus the Black Cat and the witch have been handed down 10 the present day to assist us in our Halloween tricks and customs more potent than anything else will cause future generations to use these same symbols on that date.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31
How This Almost Uncanny
 Evening Has Been Inter-
 mixed With a Christian

upright, 1919, The International Syndicate.
 T is not surprising to find PaganIsm
 and Christianity intertwined in ob-
 scure corners of Europe, and it
 seems to come natural enough
 hen we stumble over it among the ldians and negroes of our country. ut how many people in this day and eneration know that the games they lay upon Halloween. the Eve of All .5aints Day are derived from pagan rites The first time All Saints Day was observed in the Christian calendar was in the seventh century when the Pantheon was converted into a Chris tian Temple.
 Ever since that time it has been observed as q church festival, in both the Roman Catholic and Episcopal Churches. But the evening before, which should be sacred as we'll is carried out by playing games which are purely pagan in their origin, part of which are a popular superstition taken from the German Walpurges- nacht-the time when fairies are abroad to work mischief and when spirits are visible and may hold com munication with mortaIs.
 When the Romans came to Britain they found the Druids celebrating Hal Iowe'en as a special feast to Pomona, the Goddess of fruit. and for this req son the pumpkin. the apple and the ear play their part. They also sacri-
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31
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being thrown overheard, and smoke tunnels, which. placed on deck. emitted a fog of phosphorus vapor- The latter was better than smoke; for an enemy can see smoke, whereas phosphorus produces a sort of arti- fcial mist that means simple inVisibil ity.
 The question was seriously consId- cred of using poison gas in smoke boxes. and this idea would doubtless have been adopted If the war had last ed longer. Such gases would, of course, make trouble for the men on board of a pursuing craft that ad- vanced through the smoke screen.
 There were red and yellow smokes for daylight signaIling-mere fire works. as one might say; but, as you are aware, pyrotechnics played no un- important part in the great war. One kind of firework was discharged from submerged submarines in making signals to vessels on the surface. An other was an Illumination float that could be dropped at night from fydroplane or flying boat desirous Of landing on the water.
 ''All of the science and art of pyro- technics is based. of course, upon chemistry But, as I have said. the most important feature of the new chemical warfare is poison gases. Many of these are now available for military purposes, but all of them may be divided into two grOups-those which are meant to kill, and those which are intended merely to disable temporarily the combatant.
 ''In the latter group are comprised the tear gases (such as Xylyl bromfde), the 'sneeze gases and the gases that cause sickness at the sto1n- ach. Either of the two latter may force a man to take off his gas-mask: in any case he cannot fight while sneezing violently or vomiting. In addition, there are various gases that are powerful irritants. inflaming the
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31

feed to BaaI and fires in his honor were lighted. Somehow the Romans mixed in religion and called these bonfres the fires of St. John, the story of their effect being so beauti- fully told by Suderman in his great play, "The Fires of St. John"
 Internlixcd With Religion
 The Irish king, who reigned in 400. A. D., commanded sacrifices to the moon deity on Halloween night. Sac rifces were also offered to the spirits of the dead and several old drawings of drinking their health have been found. On this night the ancients believed that the spirits of the dead might return to their earthly haunts and visit their friends. There were several of these days set aside by the ancient Romans. but in S34, A D.. the celebration was set for November first with festivals on it's eve as well. In 993 All Souls Day was added and the relic of the fire worship of Hal lowe'en was fixed as the night before souls were to enter purgatory. the dead were released to guide the hands of their friends in a sort of fate in answering questions, and many of the jokes of Halloween in the present day were most serious to the people of olden times.
 The Legend of Halloween in north ern countries tells us that the rising of the PIciades was nlysticaIIy asso- ciated with the on4memoration of the dead and feasts of the dead were nat uraIIy looked for at the Halloween season when these stars are visible At midnight. Despite these melancholy
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31
//2<7DHLITS aE2 [1cG7a ~[a@CT G~G<zRo5

smokes, which were of many kinds,
 a method of producing them, tried in
 the early stages of experimentation, terial as coal dust.
 ''The so-called smoke barrage' was created by the discharge of shells
 which on explosion liberated dense clouds of smoke, to blind an advanc- ing enemy or for other equivalent pur- pose. Smoke grenades were used in the same way, and our fighting men som etimes carried in their hands | smoke candles to raise a screen pre- ceding the advance of body of troops to the attack.
 "The object of these smokes was concealment, of course. Not until late
 in the war was the idea conceived of making them poisonous-not sufti- ciently so to kill. be it understood, but
 merely to disable soldiers, putting them temporarily out of combat. It is discouraging enough for a fighting man to be unable to see where he is at but if at the same time he is
 violently sick at his stomach, he is not likely to have any stomach for fighting.
 Phosphorus throughout the war was the banner smoke-producer" ana
 on land was used wholly in shells. It
 has, by weight. 40 per cent. more
 spoke-screening power than any other
 substance or compound the chemists
 could discover. A huge plant built
 at Niagara Falls for manufacturing
 phosgene gas incidentally turned out
 great quantities of phosphorus Making An Artificial Mist
 t'The idea originated by the cuttle-
 fish. of throwing out a concealing cloud while running away. was. as you know. very extensively employed
 by merchantmen trying to escape from
 submarines. For this purpose the two
 devices chiefly employed were smoke hnXes-' which ignited automatically on
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31
As Yet In Its Infancy Chemical Warfare Is Destined To Develop Forms of Frightfuness Novel and Terrible AMiIitary Expert Tells Few Facts About Chem
 icaI Features of the Conflict Just Ended.
BY ROBERT TIGHE

deadly than any previously known. He did not have a chance to use it, but he has not thrown away the formula for making it.
 On the eleventh day of November 1918, when the war came to an end this country was in a position to man ufacture poison gases in quantity equal to the combined production of France and England. If gas was what the Huns wanted, they were go- ing to get it. I might mention one plant, at the Edgewood Arsenal. for making mustard gas, that had a pro ducing capacity of 200 tons per day.
 Taking into view the fact that poison gases were wholly new in war fare, the rapidity with which we de veloped them may be considered in its way our most remarkable achieve ment during the great conflict. We also accomplished marvels in the pro- duction of incendiary bombs and pro- jectiles. and in the development of
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31

them together, and the compound if ignited will burn with an intensity that might almost be described as volcanic.
 This is the stuff that was used for loading the intensive-actiOn bombs and projectiles, the charge being set off by a fuse. Upon ignition, the oxygen in the iron rust having q
 greater affinity for aluminium than for iron, sprang from one to the other, the sudden chemical change general ing a heat so enormous that the fam ing metal mixture poured out in all directions, consuming everything it touched.
 Similar incendiary mixtures were also used for grenades, for hand darts, to be thrown in attacks on places where enemy material was stored, and for aviators' darts. to be dropped from airplanes The hellstuff containers for the darts were about an inch and half in diameter. and were not of
 metal. Hundreds of them thrown to- gether at Hun stores or other prop erty were capable of much mischief
 Sometimes. by the way, the pc troleum compound in the scatter bombs was mixed with jute fibers. the | latter. when widely distributed by the explosion, being found of an excellent efficiency for spreading fire, saturated as they were with the fiercely-burn- ing fluid.
 War Smokes Of Different Kinds tAll of our work in the development of the new chemical warfare in its various lines was originally under taken and later developed by the Bu- reau of Mines though the War Depart
 ment finally took over it's manage 1lla One of rAlatG1 to
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31

eyes. blistering the skin. or causing great distress in breathing.
 FrightfuIness Of Mustard-Gas "Of all gases used during the war none equalIed mustard gas in mili- tary effectiveness, although men who suffered from it's action usually re- covered It is not a gas really, but Q liquid-dichloro-e ro-ethyl-sulphide. if that means anything to you. But it volatilizes readily, and it's vapor, much heavier than air, clings to trees and walls of buildings, and sinks into trenches. shell-hoIes, and other de- pressions.
 Two of the most effective lethal gases were phosgene and chloropicrin. Huge plants for manufacturing them were built at the Edgewood Arsenal. the immense government plant near Baltimore. I might talk to you about the chemistry of these and other mur- der-vapors, but you would hardly be entertained. You know what prussic acid is. and that single whiff of it, If concentrated. brings instant death. paralyzing the heart. We had hopes of prussic acid at one time. but it is too light. dissipating rapidly War gases must be heavier than air. so as to hug the ground
 Chemical Warfare In Its Infancy
 Chemistry in the future will settle the quarrels of nations; at all events. it will be the main instrument. The new chemical warfare is as yet only in it's infancy. It is horrible enough now, in some of its developments, but it is destined to accomplish far more frightful things. Even while peace endures. experim entation in all of it's various lines will be anXiously and persistently carried on. so that. when the next war breaks. novelties of un- precedented destructiveness and ruth lessness are likely to offer fresh ter TOTS to non-combatants as well as to the battling forces.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31


 E poison gases in future wars is &A1all nonsense" said a high-rank ing military expert. Undoubtedly we shall ourselves make use of them in the next war that involves the United States.
 ''The human animal is ruthless, and never yet has he abandoned the em- ployment of any available agency for wholesale killing. Poison gases are the most important feature of the new chemical warfare. which must super sede to a great extent older military methods because of it's superior eff ciency.
 "The weapons of future wars will be forged. so to speak. in the chemists Iaborator1. You may be unaware, though it is only half a secret. that at the time of the signing of the arm istice Uncle Sam had succeeded in pro- sucing gas tncom parably more
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31

smokes and mists, which latter played a much more important part in the war than most people imagine.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31

SD HE talk about an international A agreement forbidding the use of A poison gases in future wars is &1al nonsense" said a high-rank-
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-10-31

eyes, blistering the skin. or causing great distress in breathing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-09

3-Piece Brown Mahogany
Library Suite, with fancy
panel back and blue leather
seats. Sale $l24.W
price.
Living Room Suite. plain
design; brown mahogany,
panel back. pieces, tapes
try seats. Sale SS8, 90
price,
Brown Mahogany j.
Piece Living Room Suite.
plain design, blue. leather
auto seats; library suite.
Sale $1,000
price,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-09

3=Piece Queen Anne
Period Suite, brown mahog-
any with cane ends and
back. 2 pillows and springs,
seats covered with fine dam
ask. Sale $235.00
price,
3=Piece Living Room
suite, brown mahogany,
Queen Anne Period: tapestry
seats, small panel backs.
Sale SIR m
price,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-09
Administer Rugs

Mostly oriental effects. Spe-
cial for Wednesdays sale.
ox12 it., S47.5O value, $500
ox12 it., $3.50 value, $49.75
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-09

3-Piece Living Room Suite, chippendale
period design; brown mahogany with cane ends
and backs; soft spring upholstered in figured
damask includes 2 pillows Sale 500 90
price, WI WV
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-09-09
Tomorrow is Household Da

ISx54 Fine FiIet Lace Bureau Scarfs, plain
senters, finished with wide lace edge and large flet
stifs at ends-the best we have shown Spe
n, $1.OO Each
2Ox2O AIl-over Filet Lace Centerpieces,
round designs beautiful quality. 75c value at soc
Csc BIeached Domet Flannel, good firm
quality and offered at special price. Special
yard, Csc
36-inch Fine Percale, good count, close
weave, in a big range of new designs and colorngs
for shirts, dress and childrens wear. No seconds
Special yard. soc
z2x45-inch Heavy BIeached Double Thread
Turkish Bath Towels; with hemmed ends SQ~
Special, each. WV
14xz7-inch Fine Double-Thread Guest Turkish
Towels with pink and blue stripes. a.
Special. each. WV
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1919-11-07
Classified Advt. Column

FLOWER EXHIBIT : THERE
will be a flower exhibit in the
store building next to Saunders
& Mohorn's this afternoon and
Saturday. Chrysanthemums
will be the principal flower.
All are invited. Admission lOc.