davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29
High Lights in the Experiences of
State and National Employment
Services in Chicago

department is to take care of the
impossible older women, but along
with the impossibles are classed all
extraordinary women. A Phi. D., an
artist or a musician is as impossi-
BILE to the other departments as a
blind or a deaf woman.
The very hardest women to place
are those most highly trained. A
Phi. D. in educational psychology,
who clearly belongs in the investi-
cation section of the United States
Department of Education, is doing
library work for a very small sal
airy. A native American woman,
who took PHI D. at Heidelberg and
was teaching German in one of the
Middle West universities, became
a saleswoman in Fields basement,
but she was young enough and a
good enough sport to look upon
that occupation as a new angle on
life and an illuminating experience.
She took pride in the number of her
sales, in getting a raise, and in
waiting on whoever came in with a
real zest for life as she found it.
She remained there until place was
made for her in the French DEPART
ment of the university where she
had taught German!
The return of the soldiers from
abroad and of the clerical workers
from Washington has brought many
more clerical applicants than there
are places for, and the older WON
en- are gradually being let out.
Every day there are experienced
bookkeepers or Office managers in
need of salaries at once for whom
nothing can be done. There are COL
lege girls released from war work or
from research work, or recent grad
yates with some business training,
/ asking for work that has a human
interest, unwilling to teach but anx-
ious to work out something new.
Since the war has ended it does
little good to urge the claims of the
woman over forty in clerical lines.
1t is much more hopeful to try to
create place for her than to spend
time persuading an employer to
take her.
The educated negro woman is a
part of this problem. The white
woman who has imagination some
times tries to think what she would
DO if she were negro. Possibly
she would start a school to train
other negro women to the highest
efficiency in the things in which
they already excel. This has been
done at Tuskegee, but there is room
for it in every city. A school of
domestic arts and sciences started
by negroes, managed and taught by
them, financed as far as possible by
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29

mixers, and it is easier to adapt
ones self to existing opportunities
than to develop new ones. Now is
the time which tries out the pioneer
souls. To be pathfinder in youth
is natural, but to blaze a new trail
at middle age takes real courage.
The same logic applies to white
and to colored women. THEY must
either take what they can get, or
they must create or develop posi-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29
and and France Struggle With the Servant Problem


suggestions for the organization of
domestic servants in this country.
English girls in domestic service
are taking themselves seriously, ac-
cordlng to Miss Anderson. They
have tasted the freedom and the
economic joys Of munition factory
days. A few weeks ago they formed
a domestic workers division of the
National Federation of Women
Workers. One Of the corncrstones
Of their organized movement to ret
better working conditions in the
English homes is campaign for
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29
tons in accordance with their
abilities.

! tons in accordance with their
abilities.
The greatest demand now for the
older women is in the homes. Peo-
pie are calling up all the time, ask
ing for settled women" to keep the
house or the apartment. This seems
the last gasp of the old-fashioned
homemaker. Most Of my time is
spent in trying to persuade the
older women who have kept house
for themselves that they will be
warm and comfortable and have
more money left for their old age
if they take places in homes than
if they take any other kind of a
position, and in telling them that
such work is not considered mental
now because the war has changed
all that. I have taken as much in
terest in trying to get together the
J, right woman and the right home as
In these days grandmother
eschews knitting and secretly
seeks a job, while PHI. d. sells
notions in department store
basement.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29
Highly Trained Women
Hardest IN Place
By LILY L. ROWE

NGLAND and France both
n have domestic servant prob
lens, though the difference in
the situations makes it almost impos-
sible to put them under one classifi-
cation. Mary Anderson, assistant to
the chief Of the Women in Industry
Service of the Department of Labor,
recently returned from Europe,
Where she was sent by the National
Won rs Trade Union League. She
studied the domestic servant situa-
uon with a view to bringing back
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29

conflict in history. One woman said,
Il came in because all the papers
say you must do something" Others
feel vaguely that they want to get
into the game.
Still another type is the women
who had helped to build up the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29
What the Middle Aged Woman Has to
Get and to CiUe When She First
Goes Out to Work

velopment Of community laundries
and community kitchens planned
by the Chicago Food Administra-
ton will ease the burdens of
women with small families and
make more work for the older
women. The Chicago Women's
Club has a wonderful opportunity
in its capacity Of foster mother Of
new enterprises. Women's clubs in
all big cities have an equal oppor-
tunity and responsibility.
Vocational Guidance -
For the Immigrant
The extension of vocational guild
ance by the government to boys and
girls from sixteen to twenty-one
years of age and by the Chicago
Women's Club to women over forty
years of age, suggests another ex-
tension. The East Side of New York
and the West Side of Chicago are
full of immigrants whose produc-
tive power has been lost because
they were not guided when they
landed in New York. The country
loving Italians have had no money
and no one to connect them with
market gardening, but are living in
Jewish quarters and are digging
sewers the Bohemians also are mis-
fits in crowded city districts. Scan
dinavians guide their own people
through to the Northwest, some Ital-
ians get to Pennsylvania and a few
to Arkansas. A vocational guide in
every port of entry in the United
States is necessity which it is to
be hoped the government will pro-
vide before large numbers of immi-
grants begin to come in again.
More vocational guidance is also
much needed in connection with
Americanization. The League of
Foreign Language Women can
bring together women with indus
trial skill at lacemaking, embroid-
cry, ETC., and use their ability in
arts and crafts that will add greatly
to American homes and institu-
lions. One of the recent applicants
at the office is an educated Norwe-
glan woman, capable of leading in
such work She has been connected
with the Americanization work at
the Woman's City Club.
The United States Employment
Service stands at the crossroads.
Everybody is going by, and every
body wants something different in
the new day. The vocational guild
ance department is the most con-
structive, if not the only creative
department of the division. The
needs Of the individual used to be
met by charity, then by a friendly
visitor or by settlement work Now
it is universally conceded that the
best assistance is a suitable job.
The labor department insists that
labor must have living wage, and
also that it must render efficient
service for the value received. The
only hope. of relieving the tension
is by cooperative effort on the part
of all the organizations, clubs and
churches to develop new opportu-
mites for both men and women.
The women of leisure and means
must lead the way to places for
those who need pay.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29

charity organization or settlement
work. One woman with long set
Element experience wants to go into
factory work, because cit is the real
thing" One college professors
daughter makes the same request.
Both of these want to become real
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29
4 MAN is not eligible to the
~ Presidency of the United

a MAN IS not e1l2lDle TO Cne
~ Presidency of the United
States unless he is forty
years of age. A woman over forty
is not eligible to any untried, paying
position. In order to study this
double standard, and to correct it
if possible, the Chicago Women's
Club has established a vocational
guidance desk for older women at
the United States Employment Ser
vice. Some five hundred applicants
were registered in a few months,
about one-fourth of whom had
never worked before and most of
whom had no professional training
or business experience. They have
been very difficult to place, for most
employers did not want them.
Employers said that the older
women were not accustomed to
business hours or business disci-
pine; that they believed too much
in having their own way; that they
were slower to catch on than
younger women and less accurate
than trained men. Some said the
applicants were "too refined for
work" or that they "preferred
husky women" A few firms, in de-
spair, asked for anybody they could
get and afterward learned that older
women have good points. They ad-
mitted that women over forty were
less self-centred; they did not
spend their time talking to the
young men or "dolling up" in the
dressing rooms; they were "stick-
ers," not "foaters." If employer
could be induced to see them the bat
lie was half won.
The five hundred applicants have
asked for a great variety of posi-
tons; practically all of them wanted
!ignified positions, such as matrons,
Institutional housekeepers, inspec-
tors, even foreladies in factories,
without the slightest experience ex-
cept, they said, they had managed
their own homes beautifully. Many
said quite frankly, II want to man
age something" or II want posi-
ton of trust, for l have great ex-
ecutive ability, but have never had
I. chance to show what could do"
They asked for government work"
without any clear knowledge of
what it was. Many Of them could
not think Of working in a munition
plant, or taking the Civil Service
examination. Some said they would
not work under another woman.
Truly, they had much to learn!
Highly Trained Women
Hardest to Place
From the point of view of the
ordinary examiner, the chief pur-
pose Of the vocational guidance
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29

dropped. 1t must be carried on into
the reconstruction. In all the war
drives, labor and capital have
worked side by side. President Will
son has urged the community coun-
Gil as to the form Of local coopera-
ton. The community centre Of the
schoolhouse is the fundamental
social unit agreed upon by social
workers and council of defence
representatives. The community is
the older woman's particular field.
Community kitchens, bakeries, laun-
dries, baby gardens, ETC., are social
labor saving devices as necessary to
the individual home as vacuum
cleaners and electric coasters.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29

them, would do more than anything
else to open up the greatest oppor-
tunities which they so much desire.
Dealing With
"Impossibles''
Among the "impossibles" are:
/. Special psychopathic cases. 2.
Persons who cannot cooperate. (This
includes many who are personally
agreeable, but for some reason
never keep any place long.) 3.
Physical derclicts. (From age or
some handicap.)
This class includes a runaway
nun, several school teachers who
have allowed themselves to get be-
hind the procession, number of
music teachers who do not know
how to do anything else, etc. The
most pitiable of all are the older
women who cannot do any kind of
domestic work or cannot take pleas
ure in it. Any poor old woman who
can sew can be sent to Mrs. Nc
Carthy's sewing shop, OR put into a
factory to sew on buttons; but if
she cannot sew and does not like
cooking, and cannot endure children,
she cannot be happy anywhere. The
old actresses are perhaps the most
helpless of all.
Psychopathic cases are sent to
the Favill School at Hull House,
where they are given some thera-
peutic handicraft.
When Work, Not Money,
Comes First
1t is not merely the abnormal
woman, or the woman whom life has
passed by, that enters into the
problem; the normal woman, too,
needs an outlet for her energies.
Two of the most delightful women
who have come in are widows with
excellent social experience, suitable
for heads of sorority houses or
girls halls. They have not quite the
education to become deans of
women in colleges, but are that type
of woman. One of them is happy
grandmother, who does not let her
daughter know that she has regis
tered with us. She has a small in
come, but wants to be active. It
is not enough to knit and play with
the children.
Several have asked for positions
because they we're idle and could
not continue to spend their lives
for themselves alone. To spend the
rest CT life in playing whist does not
look so alluring as it did before
they had share in the greatest
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29
There's a Difference
In France

Frances domestic service prob
lem is not so easily discussed. The
French have no industrial competi~
ton to offer to the housekeeper
other than that of the homeworker.
There is minimum wage law, a
part of the national statutes, for
these homeworkers, who are or
gained, even though they have
never been in a factory. These
homework GERS are the embroiderers
who make those exquisite French
things we admire. For generations
the system of homework carried on
by the women has been in effect, and
any mention of the industrialization
of France seems to the average
Frenchman a menace to this time
honored way of producing lingerie
and other clothing.
'"The French working people are
we'll organized. Both men and
women form the Shampooers'
Union, the Theatrical Employees
Union and similar bodies. I do not
believe the models are organized,
however. So ingrained has become
this home system Of work for the
women that even during the war
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29
Community" Is a Word
To Couture With

The war has developed machinery
for the cooperation Of all classes,
political parties, races, creeds and
colors. This machinery must not be
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29

the cight-hour day. Girls will
report for duty at the kitchen door
just as they have been registering
for work at the factory.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29
No More "Living In"
In England


In England
The programme Of their organiza-
ton, which contains a movement for
the eight-hour day and standardized
wages, will mean, if it becomes a
countrywide standard, that the Civ
ing in" system will pass out of
existence. This Giving in" means
the residing Of the domestic worker
in the house which she serves, a
situation universal before the war.
The domestic service system as
England knew it before the hostili-
ties began was entirely disrupted
by the munition jobs given to
women. Hundreds of families who
had always employed servants we're
obliged to do their own work. One
hears much talk there Of the de-
moralization of the girls who ordi-
narly do domestic work because Of
the high wages given during the
war.
"Maggie's" Views
On Thrift
There is story Of a meeting held
in the factories that illustrates how
the women feel. The purpose of the
gathering was talk on thrift to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29

factories to return to domestic SER
vice. The government is giving al
lowances to relieve want that might
ensue from lack of employment.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-29
Reconstruct "The Corner
Where You Are"

neighborhood associations was to
fight the evils due to congestion.
Constructive work had to be by
product. Now that national pro-
hibition is coming to take away one
Of the main causes of sickness, pow
erty and vice, the way has been
cleared for more constructive CO.
operation. AS one neighborhood
secretary said, eff we could neigh
borhoodize New York, Tammany
wouldn't be in it any more" Tam
many is in it now more than ever,
just because of it's superior ability
to organize about the supreme
necessity-the job. To learn from
Tammany how to neighborhoodizc
the nation is the big idea, and it is
the place where the mature woman
citizen comes in. If she will devote
herself to social reconstruction
fright in the corner where she u.s.
she can utilize her natural abilities
and create all kinds Of new jobs for
herself, both volunteer and paid.
In this way the woman's war
registration can be used. It's invoice
of social assets is at hand all prop
erly filed and cross-filed. Many
women are disappointed that they
were never called to service during
the war Now there is more need
than ever to get every man, woman
and child placed in the right job
and to keep them busy. The fear of
radical democracy which is now
sweeping over the country would
not exist if everybody were busy
in the right job. The United States
Employment Service has also ma
chinery ready at hand to connect
the right person with the right place
1t is for lack of vision and vent
ure that the older women are to
be criticised. Most of them are
very conservative, holding to ideals
that are fast passing away. The
woman who lives on the houseboat
to beat the landlord and a few of
the social workers are all who have
enough enterprise to try new and
promising thing. Nine out Of ten Of
the life problems are merely ques-
tons of finding inches in the social
order as it is, inches to fit homeless:
women, where they may subsist anc
feel safe the rest of their lives.
The opening Of more social and
civic centres in public schools will
make more jobs for clerical work
ers, matrons and nurses. The de-
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1919-01-28
0. K. REVENUE RATES
BIG LIQUOR TAX APPROVED BY
CONFEREES.
Senate Rates of $6.40 Per Gallon on
Distilled Beverages Stand Cent
Tax on Ice Cream.

Washington. Jan. 1S.-TaX rates on
beverages in the war revenue bill were
agreed to by senate and house CON
ferees, the latter accepting substan
TALLY all of the senate's rates. estimat
ed to yield about $450,000,000 in revc'
nue..
The cOnferees voted just before word
was received that Nebraska, the thirty
sixth state had ratified the federal
prohibition amendment, which eventu-
ally will cut off all revenue from
liquor.
The house managers yielded to the
senate on the distilled spirits section,
and finally approved of the senate
rates of $6.40 per gallon on distilled
beverages.
There was no disagreement be-
tween the house and senate on the
rate of Sc per barrel on beer double
the present tax. and on the wine
rates, also doubled.
The house bill originally proposed to
raise $1,137, 100000 from beverages,
while now not more than $3.50, 900, 900
is estimated for the present year.
Another senate amendment accepted
by the house conferees and incOrpor-
ated in the bill imposes a tax of cent
on each 10 cents paid to retailers of
ice cream, soda water and other such
refreshments after May l. This is es-
timated to raise $37.OO0,000 and is a
reduction of 80 per cent from the orig
inaI house rate.
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1919-01-28
REACH LIMIT IN ABSORPTION
Small Things Like the Turmoil OF a
Great War Cannot Disturb
Chess DeVotees.

To its devoteeS chess is the most
absorbing of all mental activities. the
game that above all others brings
complete forgetfulness of the world
TO those who play and those VINO
watch the moves. observes a writer in
the New York Herald.
A striking example OF this self-ab-
sorption has been shown recently In
the rooms of q local chess club when
distinguished experts struggled for SUI
premacy in the mimic field needless OF
the stupendous four-year struggle that
was fast drawing to a close on Eu-
ropes shell-torn, blood-soaked board.
What was the reckless slaughter OF
thousands of German soldiers in COM
pariSen with the sacrifice of q single
ivory pawn standing guard before its
queen? Which one of those who
moved the pieces or of the greater
number who watched them with fur
rowed brows and fast-beating hearts
thought of the kaiser's peace offer
while the queens gambit was passing
before their eyes? The pope may lift
his voice in words of solemn counsel,
but they heed him not. The only &c
clesiastical power that they recognize
is that of the mitred bishop sweeping
into the heart of the enemy's country
and sniting the rock as it stands.
To read the printed accounts of this
tournament is to recall the old Puck
picture OF t,vo chess players carried
Al ;hni7 ta 4 burning build
IL " assfween them. Nor
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1919-01-28
Again i shook my head.


well. then, you wait here a mo-
ment," said my new-found friend.
He eft me and | sat down upon
the ground. thoughtful AMI silent.
In q moment my frierd came out
with Mrs. Dunkelberg, wI.o kissed me.
and asked me TO tell how I happened
to be there.
i just thought l would come" said
as | twisted button on nay coat,
and would say no more TO her.
Mr.. Wright. you're going to take
him home, are you?" hIrs. Dunkel-
berg asked.
Yes. I'll start off with him in an
hour or so" said my friend. 81 am
interested in this boy and 1 want to
see his aunt and uncle"
"Well. Sally, you go down to the of.
fee and stay with Bart until they 60"
You'd like that. wouldn't your" the
man asked of me.
81 don't know" l said.
"That means yes" said the man.
Sally and another little girl came
with us and passing a store 1 held
back to look at many beautiful things
in big window.
rs there anything you'd like there.
Bart?" the man asked.
II wisht | had a pair o. them shiny
shoes with buttons on" 1 answered
Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1919-01-28
(TO BE CONTINuED)
WROTE MESSAGES WITH DYE
Material for Invisible Writing Used by
German Spy Was Obtained From
Silk Hosiery.

A cleverly designed method of OUT
furnishing information to the enemy
was revealed in the early days of the
war by the arrest OF man in Pater-
son, N. j., by naval intelligence Off
GERS.
The man, held as an alleged spy in
a Jail in Brooklyn, is said to have
come from Holland and TO have been
employed in a silk dyeing establish
ment in Paterson. His unique method
of sending messages to Germany
called for the use Of silk hosiery of a
peculiar dye. 1t is said that he had
received q dozen pairs of these socks
from German agents in Holland and
that his method was TO soak them in
water and use the cOloring matter
which they gave forth as a writing
fluid. AS this dried 1t became invisible
until brought out by special process,
which, however, the federal agents are
said to have worked out.
They, in turn, in learning the secret,
opened his letters and changed the
contents and forwarded the letters.
The information thus received by the
Germans proved of little use to them.
But for long time, it is said, there
was not enough evidence on which to
convict this man. until one day
through carelessness he left one of
the socks where a naval intelligence
officer found it When confronted with
this the man is said TO have confessed
to the entire project.