davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08

1878. when Congress formed the
present permanent Commissioner
ship government
The money used in supporting the
government of the District is de-
rived from taxation Of private prop
erty and privilege in the District.
and from an approximately equal
amount appropriated by Congress
out OF the Treasury Of the United
States. This is known Familiarity
as the half and half plan"
The mayors of Washington and
the period of their service were as
follows: Robert Brent. 1902 to 1912:
Daniel Rapine. 1912 to 1918: James
II. Blake. 1918 to 1917; Benjamin C.
Orr. 1917 to 1919: Samuel n. SMALL
wood. 1919 to 1922: Thomas Carbt ~.
IS22 to 1924: Smallwood served
again from June 1924 TO Sept. 1874
when he died; Roger c. Weightman.
1924 to 1927; Joseph Gales. 1897 to
1880: John p. Van Ness. 1880 to 1884:
William A. Bradley. 1884 TO 1886:
Peter Force. 1886 to 1870: William
w. Seaton. 1870 to 1850: Walter
Lenox. 1850 to 1852; John w. Mowry.
1852 to 1854: John T. Towers, 1854
to 1856; William b. Magruder. 1856
to 1Ss; James C. Berret. ISIS 20
1861: Richard wallach, 1861 to 1865:
Sayles ]. Bowen. 1868 to 1870: Mat
thew G. Emery, 1870 to 1871
Under Territorial Form.
When Congress created the terri
tory of the District of Columbia in
1871, Henry ID. Cooke was the first
governor appointed by the President
N nd
he was succeeded by Alexander R.
Shepherd. the second and last gov
ernor. who served from 1873 to June
20. 1874. when the territorial form
OF government was legislated out OF
existence by Congress. The dele
gate to Congress from the District
was Norton p. Chipman. who served
from 1871 TO 1875.
Allen c. Clark. another reliable
and interesting authority on old
Washington. in a paper read before
the Columbia Historical Society.
gave an interesting account OF the
arrest of former mayor OF Washing
ton James G. Berret. on the charge
Of suspicion of disloyalty. Mr..
Clark says the act OF Congress for
the creation of the metropolitan no.
lice provided for five commissioners
with the mayors of Washington and
Georgetown ex-offiicio. At the or
ganization of the force. August le.
1851. in the city hall each of the
commissioners presented an oath of
ONCE except Mayor Berret. who de-
clined to do 30 on the plea that the
oath he had taken as mayor was
sufficient The other members there
upon passed a resolution that the
mayor was not qualified 20 act The
mayor made q valedictory in his
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08

some OF the new me mbers OF Con-
Eress are not thoroughly informed
regarding the old days here when
Washington was not voteless.
I determined therefore to take a
long look backward to July Is. 1890.
and March .. 1871, when acts passed
by Congress were approved estab-
fishing the District of Columbia
These acts were passed to give ef-
feet to a clause in the Constitution
OF the United States which gives
Congress the power ito exercise ex-
elusive legislation in all cases what
soever over such District mot over
ten miles sQuare) as may by cession
of particular States and the accep-
tance of Congress. become the seat
of the Government OF the United
States. and to exercise like author
ity over all places purchased. by the
consent of the legislature OF the
state in which the same shall be,
for the erection of forts. magazines.
arsenals. dockyards. and other need
-tul buildings"
In selecting data for this article
& have consulted the pamphlet OF
DIR. William Tindall. 'Origin and
Government OF the District of COL
umbia." I regard DR.. Tindall as the
iating to the District. In compiling
the records from the very incep-
ton of Washington until the pres
ent time. the work of this talented
gentleman has been pronounced to
be absolutely accurate. As a mat
ter of fact DIR. Tindall Is a living
encyclopedia OF District OF Column
bia data.
He defines the local government of
the District OF Columbia. as a mu-
nicipal corporation having jurisdic-
ton over the territory which was
sceded by the State of Maryland to
the Congress OF the United States
tor the permanent seat of the Gov
-ernment Of the United States.
Preseat District Gevernnent.
The government at the present
time Is. administered by a board of
three Commissioners. Two of these
cmcials must have been actual resi-
dents of the District for three years
prior to their appointment. who have
not claimed residence elsewhere in
that period. They are appointed
from civil life by the President Of
ne United statsg pnd connrmed by
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08

Congress passed an act May 4. 1872.
devolving the duty Of electing
mayor upon the City Council. the
members of which were elected by
qualified voters of the city. That
method was in force till the first
Monday of June. 1870. when pur-
suant to another act of Congress,
the mayor was elected by the peo-
pie for terms of two years. This
form of government continued until
May 81. 1871. on which date the
charter of the corporation expired.
A territorial form Of government
was established by act OF Congress
February II. 1871. This form was
abolished by an act Of Congress ap-
proved June 20. 1874. and the exec
utive municipal authority in the
District was vested in three Com
missioners appointed by the Presi-
dent. This temporary government
by commission existed until July L,
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08

announced that the portion of the
District derived from the State of
virginia was re-ceded to that State.
In 1900 the population of the Dis
trict, including Alexandria county
and city. was 1908; OF this num-
ber 2.072 were colored slaves. In
November 1918 the estimated pop
ulation was $4,000.
African slavery in the District of
Columbia was abolished April 16,
1852, by act of Congress. Negroes
were given the right to hold of
fee. elective or appointive, in the
District by act of Congress Marcn
Is. 1859. 1t was directed especially
at law which restricted member
ship In the Board of Aldermen and
Common Council of Washington to
white persons. The records show
that the right to vote in the District
for President of the United States
and other national Offices. which
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08
:. BY MONTAGUE GLASS
Mr. Wilson's Favor of the goth Ulto and Contents Noted

phone operator on his deathbed to
spite his grandnieces and nephews.
Mawruss."
Congress will< have lot of
other matters to settle before that
league of nations comes UP. Abe"
Morris said. which l was reading
the other day the message which
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08

At this time while the citizens of the District
to Congress that
honal representation the suggestion has
members of the House of Representatives
Washington that of the days when people
the voting privilege.
In conversations recently with
have found hem rule much interested
of the residents also found that
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08
wsPAPER sYNDICATE)

covenant means when II comes up to
be- argued about by the United States
Senate" Abe observed. ''because a
great many OF them Senators is high
grade. crackerjack. A-number-one
lawyers on the side. Mawruss. and
formerly used to make their livings
by showing that the contract which
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08

it's too late TO keep the government
from not taking a joke. il you know
what I mean"
Sure / know what you mean"
Morris said. "and IT has always
seemed to me. Abe. that even the
Scotch whiskey business amt going
TO be affected so adversely by this
here prohibition neither. except that
the merchandise is going to reach its
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08

because this here prohibition is
strictly a matter of what the majority
thinks, Abe"
But from the howl that has been
going up. Mawruss." Abe protested.
lit looks to me like the majority of
people wants the sale OF schnapps to
continue"
Il didn't say il was a question of
what they want. Abe" Morris de-
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08

of looking at the liquor question is
what has brought about prohibition.
Practically everybody who drinks
schnapps and enjoys II. Abe, is afraid
that everybody else who drinks
schnaprs and enjoys il. is going to
think that he drinks schnapps and
enjoys 1t, so he goes to work and
pulls this phony unselfish stun about:
'So-far-as-I-am-Conc il don't
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08

best style. The hair-splittinE Of Mr.
Berret put him under suspicion OF
disloyalty. He left the police board
about : o'clock in the evening and
during the night without any resi-
dent Of the neighborhood being
aware OF the happening. he was ar
rested at his residence on n street
Mayor Berret in Prison.
Mayor Berret WAS confined IN Fort
Lafayette. New York Harbor. about
one month. and was released by or
der OF the State Departmen Mt on con-
dition that he take the oath Of al
legiance 10 the United States and
resign from the ofice OF mayor He
resigned the mayoralty and return
ed 10 this city. and was succeeded
by Richard wallach.
Through the conduit OF the state
Department Mr.. Berret hy COM
munication dated Fort Hamilton.
september 14. 1861. resigned the
mayoralty. He returned to the city
the 18th. The corporation attorney.
Joseph II. Bradley. gave the opin-
ion that Mr.. wallach must MI the
ONCE for the remainder 81 the term,
as though he had in terms been
elected to do So"
Mr.. Berret. in a communication to
the editors OF the National Iutelli-
gencer. March 20. 1866. asseverates
ms loyalty, although he could not
accept the dogmas OF the R,publi-
can party. He charges that his inn
prisonment in a government fort
ress was ineNcusable and he was
the victim of the prevalent distrust
The President and his Cabinet ac-
knowledged the error and to atone.
offered him a colonelcy in the army
with the privilege Of a position on
the stan OF the Eeneral-in-chief. Mr
Berret Incorporates letter dated
April IL. 1852. and directed to the
President. declining to accept the
nomination as commissioner under
an enactment for the abolition OF
slavery in the District: however. he
advises the President the appoint
ment constitutes TO him a public
recognition OF his vindication.
Was Man of Honor.
James Gabriel Berret was born
in Baltimore in 1915. and flled many
posts OF honor and responsibility
in Washington and Maryland. He
was employed in the Treasury De-
partment from 1889 to 1888. and
was chief clerk OF the Pension Bus
reau for many years. He also was
first vice president OF the Washing
ton Monument Society. In after
years he often laughed at what he
termed the Insane heat and fury
of war fanatics who had him i'm
prisoned untustly on suspicion OF be-
ing q traitor TO his country" He
afterwards demonstrated his pat
riotism In many ways and on num-
eroux occasions.
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08

the Senate for a term of three years.
The third Commissioner is detailed
from time to time by the President
from the Engineer Corps of the reg
ular army and must hold the rank
of captain or a higher grade.
The Commissioners are vested
with jurisdiction covering all the
ordinary features of municipal gov
ernment. and they also are ex off,
clio the Public Utilities Commission
of the District of Columbia. They
are empowered by Congress to make
building regulations, plumbing reg
ulations and police regulations for
the protection of the lives. limbs.
health and comfort of all persons and
the protection of property in the
District
DIR. Tindall says "the District con-
sists Geographically of an urban
section. named the city of Washing
ton. and of a suburban and agri-
cultural section which contains a
number of unincorporated villages.
lt embraces an area of 69.245 square
miles of which 60.01 square miles
are land.
The act of Congress of March 2.
1871. was passed in order that the
town of Alexandria, Va, and the
south shore as well as the north
shore of the Eastern Branch of the
Potomac might be included in the
limits OF the District. as under the
provisions of the act of July l6, 1890.
the southern limit of the District
could not have been located farther
south than the north shore of the
Eastern Branch. which would have
deprived the District of all riparian
advantages and other Jurisdiction in
respect to that stream. also to meet
the desire of President George
Washington that Alexandria be
brought within the boundaries of
the seat Of government.
Area and Location.
The requisite area for the site of
the seat of government was derived
from the States of Maryland and
Virginia Maryland also gave S72.-
900 for the erection of public build
ings In the District for the use OF
the general government Virginia
made a grant of $4,000 for the
same purpose In case of the ac-
ceptance BY Congress- OF the ate Of
The Washington herald., 1919-06-08
used the vsorG
with reference
totue L4eaSHe sf
Natinns . In It's
Green goods
E1resrri n G

What do you mean-take n &c
much to heart?" Abe protested 7
take a glass of schnspps once in
while, Mswruss. but so FAR as 1 am
concerned this here prohibition can
come into effect this afternoon yet,
and IL wouldn't affect me none
II am the same way. Abe. I can
drink and can leave il alone" Nor
ris said. ''or anyhow. l think 1 can. +"
Evening star., 1919-04-14
HONOR FLAG TO BE USED
IN VICTORY LOAN DRIVE
Treasury Department to Provide
Insignia Giving Tangible Evil
dence Of Patriotic Support.

The victory liberty loan honor flag sys-
tenn has been adopted in order to give
tangible evidence of the patriotic
part which subscribers to the victory
notes will play. All Of the insignia
are supplied by the Treasury Depart
ment. There are five classes of honor
flags. the community honor flag. the
industrial or organization honor flag,
the subscribers window emblem, the
household 100 per cent window en-
blem and the Industrial or organiza-
tion honor roll flag
The community honor flag will be
awarded to communities which sub
scribe their quotas. In addition a
blue star may be sewed into the field
of the flag for each additional so per
cent the community oversubscribes it's
quota.
The Industrial or organization honor
flag is to be awarded by the county
liberty. loan committee to all lodges.
clubs, business concerns and organiza =
tions IS per cent of whose employees
or members subscribe to the loan.
The subscribers window emblem is
to be given to each subscriber to the
victory loan. The household 100 per
cent window emblem is to be given to
the head of household when each
member of the household has sub
scribed to the loan.
The industrial or organization honor
roll flag will contain spaces for the
names Of 100 employees who contribute e
to the loan.
Evening star., 1919-04-14
URGES CITY TO RESUME
NORMAL HOME BUILDING
Leslie W. Sprague Of Department
Of Labor Suggests Plan for
Employing Soldiers.

Building of private homes and re-
sumption of normal building opera
tions in the city of Washington to as
sist in giving temporary employment
to the returning soldiers was today
advocated by Leslie w. Sprague Of the
Department of Labor in an interview.
Mr.. Sprague, who is an expert on
labor conditions and has travelled all
over the country studying labor con-
ditions, said many men are out of en-
ployment and are crowding the cities
in search of work. He claims that all
deferred construction should be begun
Immediately.
That there Is a shortage of more
than 1000 homes in Washington was
his claim. but a similar shortage ex-
lists in every city in the United States.
There Is a shortage of building mate
rials due to the excessive demands on
the trade occasioned by the war.
Evening star., 1919-04-14
WILL OF SAMUEL MADDOX
is FILED FOR PROBATE
Law Partner and Secretary Among
the observation-disclosures Made
by Elizabeth Jane Gay.

The will of Samuel Maddox, former
August s, 1912, and modified by codical
of May 6. 1915. was filed today for
probate. He leaves to his law partner.
H. Prescott Galley. his half interest
in the office building at $40 Indiana
avenue. his law books and the furni-
ture of the offices. His secretary,
Vaudia Braddock. is given $1,000.
A niece. Anne +. c. Williams, is left
$4,000. and a like amount is given to
his grandniece, Anne Zell, and grand
nephew. Ferdinand Williams. god
child. Samuel Maddox Abrahams. Is to
have $1,000. and the latter's mother.
Kate T. Abrahams. a like sum. Nellie
Cartwright. cousin. is left $1,000, and
law. s2.5O0 Mary P Zell. niece. is to
have a sapphire stickpin and $4,000 in
cash. His guns and fishing tackle are
given to a nephew, Richard c. Williams
The sum of $4,000 is given in
trust to Judge Thomas J. c. Williams
for the support Of the rector of ST.
Marks Church. Washington county
Md. and for charities IN that parish
1t is stipulated that the rector make
his home at the rectory OF the churcn
and hold morning services at least
twice month. SnOulQ the SeTNiCcS
be abandoned or not hold for two con-
secutive years the trust fund is to
become a part Of the residuary estate
The remaining estate is devised to
his three sisters in equal shares, with
the proviso that II his sisters Annie
and Sophie, desire to make their
home on the farm. woodlie. they may
do SO without cost during their lives
and the life of the survivor.
Judge Williams is named as exec
utor.
BY the terms of the will of Eliza
beth Jane Gay. dated September Z,
1916. a bequest OF $1,000 Is made to
her ply sician. DR.. Caroline Surge. in
return for personal and professionai i
care. A niece. Lulu Gay. Is granted
$4,000: a nephew, Frank ]. Gay. 81 1000;
Henrietta c. Bradley. a friend $1,000;
and Alice c. Fletcher. friend. $500.
Alice c. Fletcher is TO have the use
of certain furniture and the remain
ing estate is to be divided equally be,
tween her nieces, Emma j. Gay ana
.June Cay Dodge. Henrietta G. Brad
ley is named as executrix.
Evening star., 1919-04-14
FOR FARMERETTEs
D. C. Division Has Opportunities
in Farm Homes for Women.

Many opportunities for work on
farms and on cooperative commercial
truck farms are offered to farmer
cites by the District Of Columbia di-
vision of the Woman's Land Army OF
America, 1410 Pennsylvania avenue.
in an announcement just issued. These
include employment in farm homes
as well as work on the farms and
gardens. In all cases room and board
will be furnished. and those on the
lists include none but thoroughly re-
liable farmers.
Farmerettes desiring to avail them
selves Of opportunity for healthful
and Interesting employment for the
summer may register at the head
of employment desired, whe ther full
time or part time work is desired, etc.
A new working uniform has been
designed for farmerettes. as well as
new lightweight uniform for street
xro
Evening star., 1919-04-14
Invade SEOUL HOSPITAL
Gendarmes Take Wounded Ko-
reans From American 1nstitu-
ton, State Department Advised.

A TOXIC dispatch to the State De-
partment reported that gendarmes
took from the Severance Hospital at
Seoul, an institution maintained by
Americans. three Korean patients
suffering from gunshot wounds IN
flicted by the police.
A surgeon connected with the hos
pital protested against the action of
the police, but his protests were in
vain.
The superintendent of Police at
Seoul. when asked for an explanation.
charged that the prisoners were
criminals and that the action OF the
gendarmes in taking the men away
from the hospital was in accordance
with the law.
This incident took place last Thurs
day, the dispatch from Toxic having
been delayed because of Pacific cable
conditions. The State Department
has ordered an investigation of the
incident.
Evening star., 1919-04-14
MAX GARFINKLE REELECTED
Other Officers Chosen for Hebrew
Home for Aged.

Max Garf1nkle was reelected pres-
dent of the Hebrew Home for the Aged
at the fourth annual meeting held re-
Gently. Other officers elected were b.
Hyman, H. Cohen and A. Lichtenberg.
vice presidents; L. Nachman. financial
secretary: L. Cohen. treasurer: William
Tash. chairman of congregation. and NJ.
korman. house chairman.
Necessity for Hebrew hospital and
home for incurables was outlined in a
report by b. Danzansky, chairman of
the hospital fund committee. Contribu
tions totaIing several hundred dollars
were received during the meeting. S.
l.. Raboy was elected secretary and w.
Wechsler treasurer of the committee.
President Garfinkle's report showed
the work done at the Hebrew Home for
the Aged 415 M street, during the past
wear. A balance Of Sl,400 was revealed
by the report of the financial secretary.
Evening star., 1919-04-14
THE WEATHER.

District Of Columbia and Maryland
Rain late tonight and tomorrow;
warmer tonight: moderate winds, be-
coming southeast.
VirginiaARain late tonight and to-
morrow: warmer tonight; moderate
southeast winds.
West Virginia-Rain tonight and to-
morrow; warmer tonight.
Records for Twenty-Four Hours.
The following were the readings of
the Thermometer and barometer at
the weather bureau for the twenty
four hours beginning at pm. yester-
day:
Thermometer-Yeste pm. 62 ::
pm, IS: IL midnight. 40. Today, 4
am, "A; am. 46. Maximum. SO, at
4:30 pm. yesterday; minimum. A, at
MO am. today.
Temperature same date last year
maximum. IS; minimum, 81
arometer-Yesterday. 4 pm, 30.06 /;
8 pm. 30.11; 12 midnight, 301S. To-
day, am. 30.15; 5 am. 30.16.
Weather in Various Cities.
Evening star., 1919-04-14
BY SOLDIERS

Soldiers at Camp A. A. Humphreys.
Accotink. Va. have applied to AS
sistant Secretary keppel of the War
Department for relief from labor con-
ditions prevailing at that camp.
Through a committee OF their number
they represented that they are COM
PEELED to perform heavy construction
work for their Army pay of 81 day.
and that for identically the same class
of labor the War Department is paying
civilians who work alongside of them
at the rate of $3.50 day.
What they complain of is that they
are kept in the Army at the low rate
of pay, when they could get employ
ment OUTSIDE at the higher rate of
pay. II the military authorities would
grant their applications for dis
charge.
The men were drafted in the Army
for war and many of them are mar
ried with dependent wives and chill
dren. Their appeal is for either dis.
charge or higher pay for the hard
work they are required to perform.
The matter is under investigation.
Evening star., 1919-04-14
CHURCHES TO COOPERATE.
Pulpit Appeals May 4 for EN-
nlovment for Service Men,

Sunday, May 4. will be observed as
Employment Sunday" by churches
throughout the country cooperating
with the United States employment
service in finding work for discharged
soldiers, sailors and marines. From
thousands of pulpits appeals will be
made for aid in replacing men in In
dustry. The churches also Will ap-
point special committees of business
men to assist in canvassinR openings
for soldiers. sailors and war workers
in their communities.
The idea originated with the Meth
odist committee on reconstruction at
home and has been adopted by all
Protestant denominations represented
in the Federal Council of Churches.
All churches have been asked to in
clude in their classified and display
advertising an appeal to local en-
ployers to keep their employment
openings registered with the local Of
flee of the federal employment service
of the bureau for returning soldiers
and sailors.
Evening star., 1919-04-14
DAIRY AND PRODUCE.

CHICAGO. April 14.-Butter-Low-
er; creamery, 55a61.
Eggs-Lower; receipts, 36,400 cases;
firsts, 3S1aa40Ia; ordinary firsts, 3SAa
3S%; at mark, cases included. 3S u a
Ss1s: storage packed, firsts, 41ha41 u
extra, 42A.
Poultry-Alive. lower; springs. 80;
fowls, 331a.
NEW YORK. April 14.-Butter-
Weak; receipts, 9.244 tubs: creamery.
higher than extras, 63 n asa; creamery.
extras COZ score), 63; f1rsts, 81 hasa n
packing stock, current make. No. 2, 43.
Eggs-Irregular; receipts. 34,177
cases; fresh gathered, extras, 45 ha46:
fresh gathered. firsts, northern sec
tions, II u a4313; do, southern section.
41a43; state, Pennsylvania and nearby
western hennery, whites. fine to fancy.
So; state, Pennsylvania and nearby
hennery, whites, ordinary to prime.
46a5O; state, Pennsylvania and nearby
hennery, browns. 46a47: do. gathered,
browns and mixed colors, 42a46.
Cheese - Steady; receipts, 5000
boxes: state, current make, specials,
32a33 u do, average run. 81 1aa33.
Poultry-Alive. unsettled; no prices
quoted. Dressed, steady: chickens,
frozen, 38a41; fowls. frozen, 30a36 " ;
fowls, fresh. 32a3S; old roosters,
frozen, 26a26k: turkeys, 41a4s.