davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
The Guild Idea as Compared With Labor Unions

eff we set this ideal of National
Guilds before US, how can we set
about it's realization? 1t is made
necessary and possible by the emer-
gence and power of Trade Unionism,
and Trade Unionism is the principal
instrument by means Of which it must
be brought. about. The growing
strength of Trade Unionism is begin
ming to make impossible the con-
tinuance of industry under the old
ccnditons; there is no remedy but in
making Trade Unionism itself the
nucleus of a new industrial order.
Our problem, then, is that of turning
Trade Unions into National Guilds.
"Trade Unions today consist prin-
cipally, though not exclusively, of
manual workers. But, clearly, Ma
tional Guild must include all workers,
whether they work with their hands
OF with their heads, who are essential
to the efficient conduct of industry.
Trade Unionism must, therefore, be
widened so as to include the salariat
This is already coming about. On the
railways, in the shipyards and en-
gineering shops and in other indus
tries the salariat is already organ
izing, and is showing an increasing
tendency to link up with the manual
workers. AS the power of Trade
Unionism grows still greater, this
tendency will be come more and more
manifest. One part of the building of
National Guilds is the absorption of
the salariat into the Trade Union
movement. Another part is the re-
e
industrial lines.
GAS these processes go on, the
Trade Unions will continue their
stead encroachment in the sphere of
industrial control The divergence
between the theory and practice of
capitalist industry will become wider
and wider, and it may be that we shall
find ourselves at last with a practice
fitting the new theory achieved with
out any abrupt or violent transition
at all.
"What form will the gradual en-
croachment take? First, | think, the
form which it is now manifestly TAX
ing in some of the principal indus
tries. The workers will create strong
organizations of their own in the
workshops and factories (shop stew
ards committees, works committees
and so on) and will then demand for
these organizations positive functions
and powers in the control of industry.
At the same time, especially in serv-
ices which are state-owned and ad-
ministered, the Trade Unions will de-
mand a share in control, nationally
as we'll as locally. In every direction,
the workers through their organiza-
tions will gradually demand and Sc
cure as much control as they are at
present able to exercise. And not
merely will the appetite for control
grow as it feeds; the competence and
the power to control will grow with
it, till by a series of stages the func-
tions of industrial management are
gradually transferred to the workers
organizations, which will by that time
have come to include the whole effec-
tive personnel of industry"
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07

1t is impossible, in view of the present
strength and consciousness of labor,
that our industrial practice should
ever again be harmonized with the
old theory. 1t remains, therefore,
that we should remodel our theory,
and make our practice consistent with
that new theory.
"What is the new theory? 1t is
here that the medieval guild can
teach US useful lessons. For the only
way out of our present impasse is to
get back to a position in which every
workman can feel that he has real
share in controlling the conditions of
his life and work. We insult recon-
struct our industry on a democratic
basis, and that basis can be only the
control of industry by the whole body
of persons who are engaged in it,
whether they work by hand or brain.
In short, the solution lies in industrial
democracy.
"This democracy must be in many
ways very different from the dem
ocracy which existed in the mediaeval
guilds, until the rise of inequalities
in wealth made them plunge into oil
garchy and finally chaos and dissolu-
ton. The medieval guilds were
local, confined to particular town
and its environs: our modern guilds
must be national and even, in many
respects, international and world
wide. While preserving the local
freedom and local initiative, we must
coordinate them on the same scale
as the market must be co-ordinated.
The epoch of world-commerce calls
for national and international guilds.
"There will be a second difference
hardly less important. The medieval
guilds were made up Of master
craftsmen, with their journeymen and
apprentices who could hope one day
to be masters, working in indepen-
dence in senarate workshops under
conditions laid own by the guild The
modern guild will be made up in our
time at least, of huge factories in
which democratic control will have to
be established and safeguarded by far
more formal methods than were nee
essarv in the small workshop of the
Middle Ages. Moreover, our modern
industries are so inter-connected and
so bound up one with another, and
economics and political considerations
are so intertwined, that modern guilds
will have to be far more closely re-
lated to the State than were the me-
diaeval guilds, which, it is true, were
often most intimately related to the
medieval municipality.
"But, with all these points of differ
ence, the resemblance will be far more
essential. Modern, like medieval
guilds, will be dominated by the idea
of social service-an idea which has
almost vanished from the organiza-
tion of industry in modern times.
They will bring back the direct con-
troll of the producer over his work,
and will give him the sense, which
hardly anyone can have in industry
nowadays, of working for the COM
munity. That, Guildsmen believe, it
the secret Of getting good work we'll
and truly done.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07

in a "labor market" and in that mar
ket an employer or the management
of company buys just that quantity
of labor which can be used for the
realization of a profit. The employer
or the firm buys labor-power just as
it buys electrical power or machinery,
and just as an ordinary purchaser
buys a pound of tea or a cake of soap.
In short, under modern industrial con-
ditions labor is treated as "com-
modify" and is bought for the purpose
of realizing profit.
"Vast consequences flow from this
way of treating the worker. Seeing
that, in the factory, the worker is
present not as human being, but
merely as so much embodied labor
power, the worker is not regarded as
having any right to share in the con-
troll of the factory in which he works.
He is there to behave not as man,
but as labor power, to be moved about
and used and to have his motion
directed at will by those who have
purchased his labor. According to
the theory of modern industry not
only does the factory belong to the
employer to do with it what he will:
the workman also belongs to the en-
ployer during the hours for which his
labor has been bought.
"Of course, things do not work out
quite like this in practice. In the bad
days Of the Industrial Revolution in
the eighteenth and early nineteenth
centuries, when the workers were for
the most part half-starved, helpless,
and unorganized the theory and the
practice did almost completely CO.
incide, as they still coincide in the
case of the downtrodden employees
in the mills Of India or Japan. But
even in these cases, the harmony of
theory and practice has been on oc-
have Tebelled against the conditions
Of their wage-slavery, and there have
been strikes and riots, usually without
conscious purpose or final success. In
the civilized countries, the workers
have gradually organized in Trade
Unions, and as they have grown
stronger the gulf between theory and
practice has widened. The recalci-
trance of labor has become more
marked and more frequent, and en-
ployers have been compelled to bar
gain collectively with their workers,
and to admit their possession not
merely of certain human rights, but
even of a certain title to a small
share in industrial control usually in
the form of certain restrictions i'm
posed by the Trade Unions on the way
III which the factories are run. This
has meant a growing difficulty in ad-
ministering industry under the exist
ing system, until unrest has risen to
such proportions as to threaten the
stability of the system itself. We are
not far off the position when the
workers will refuse any longer to be
treated as labor power, and when the
refusal will compel a complete re-
consideration of the principles and the
practice of the industrial system.
"The growing divergence of theory
and pratcice can have only one end
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07

the throne of tradition and be allowed
to preach the Gospel as they are in
spired to preach. The resolution
further says:
Resolved, that a committee of
three be appointed by the President,
with power to act, for the purpose of
meeting the ministers of the state
and arranging a program by whic,
the State Federation of Labor may
best serve the ministers in their effort
to become free and independent dis
ciples, responsible only to the God
they worship and whose word they
preach
"In the resolution it is alleged the
churches in the state were ruled auto
cratically at the direction of large en-
ployers, and that ministers may not
say what they will. The resolution
says that some of the large employ
ers and men of wealth who fare big
contributors financially to the church
do not want the brotherhood of man
taught from the pulpit, nor any sub
ject discussed that bears upon the
unfair treatment accorded certain en-
ployees by their employers"
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07

"All things are possible in the
providence of God," said a delegate
the the recent Labor Conference in
Washington, when asked whether he
thought an agreement likely between
the Representatives of Labor and OF
the Employers. The employers ap-
pear determined not to waver in their
stand against collective bargaining,
and labor is likewise determined, now
or never, to secure it's recognition.
The impassioned, almost pathetic, plea
of Samuel Gompers reminds US of the
ominous warnings of the prophet of
old that were needed by Ninive. Will
Ninive listen today and do penance? :?
Albert Thomas, one Of the foremost
labor leaders of France sounds the
same warning as Mr.. Gompers. "The
workman everywhere" says he, "is
dissatisfied with the social system and
intends to fight to obtain the heritage
of equality and opportunity for his
children. Statesmen the world over
must decide whether the working
classes shall get social betterment by
means of wise moderate legislative
ICIOI AIloJ VI Nv VI N1OlCANC,
anarchy, famine and bloodshed, to
which the unfortunate Russians were
forced to resort. If America believes
she can escape the upheaval prevalent
in the rest of the world today she is
fatally mistaken. Wage demands are
only Incidental to the moral upheaval
which is at the bottom of the unrest.
Let America beware. If she fails to
hear the voice of destiny she risks the
evils of anarchy in it's acutest form" "
Labor is not only demanding a
change but is offering suggestions
right and left. The plan most fire.
quently mentioned here is the So
called Plumb Plan. This plan, in some
of it's features, is really modern
adaptation of me Guild idea of the
Middle Ages. 1t is not perfect, and
nobody claims it to be so; but no re-
arrangement of any kind of conditions
ever has been perfect from the start.
Suggestions as to how our present in
dustrial conditions may, and probably
will, develop, into a modern Guild
system is instructively outlined by G.
D. H. Cole in Reconstruction. John
D, Rockefeller, Jr., delegate to the
LdUOI SOIll0I0HCc, uSSu IIle 1OllO"
ing words the other day: "What joy
can there be in life, what interest can
man take IN his work, what enthu-
siasm can he be expected to develop
on behalf of his employer when he
is rgarded as number on a payroll,
cog in a wheel, a mere hand?
Who would not earnestly seek to gain
recognition of his manhood and the
right to be heard and treated as a
human being and not as machine %
When an employer like Mr.. Rookie
feller says such things, we need not
be suspicious of Mr.. Cole, who says;
Modern industry is built up on. a
denial-a denial to the mass of the
workers of the attributes of human
ity. In the factory of today, the
workman counts not as a man, but as
an employee, not as human being,
but as the material embodiment of SO
much labor power. He sells his labor
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
THE MAGICAL CITY ON HIGH
By Mary Ellsworth Fuller

Mary Ellsworth Fuller
City that with CLEANS Of hope
truth, will may
stepped
whole free
from
of the that above
Dig deep depart filled with
that's filled with love always happy and free,
his through envus heart
Then the first mile and travel the that's best
that trail know that die
High
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
EYict Councilman

Lackawanna, N. Y.-City Council
man Bernard Mcdonald, member of
the Switchmen's union, was notified
by the Lackawanna Steel company to
return to work or vacate the company
house he was occupying.
Mcdonald answered this notice the
following evening by forcing through
the common council resolution per-
mitting the steel strikers to hold a
labor parade.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
Gains b Metal Workers

Lake Charles La. = Sheet Metal
workers have raised wages from rs
cents and hour to 871a cents.
Danville, Va.-A 55-cent rate and
nine hours a day has become tiresome
to sheet metal workers in this city
and they have organized.
Chicago-Offcers of the Amalga-
mated Sheet Metal Workers. Inter
national Alliance report the forma-
tion of Is locals during the past
month.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
LEADER OFFICE OPEN SATUR.
DAY EVENINGS

In order to accommodate many of
our subscribers who are unable to call
during the day, the office of the New
arb Leader will be open on Saturday
evenings from 1880 to $3.50 o'clock
until further notice. Drop in and get
acquainted.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
Gain 44-HOur Week

Philadelphia-Fur Workers union
No. So has secured the 44-hour week
after a 10-days' strike. Wages are
advanced 10 per cent and all improved
conditions that New York fur work
ers have established will be applied
in local shops.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
Meat Cutters Win

Portland, Ore.-Wage increases of
So week for men and 81 a week for
women is included in an agreement
between Meat Cutters union No. 143,
and the Retail Market Mems associa-
ton. The new rates for meat cutters
are $38 and $25 week.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
Brick Makers Unite

Fort Dodge, Iowa - Locals have
been formed in this vicinity by the
United Brick and Clay Workers of
America and it is predicted that this
industry will be 100 per cent union
lied within a short time
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
Oppose Sunday Work

San Francisco Organized BARRIERS
in this state are agitating against
Sunday work. 1t is proposed that the
various unions of this calling unite
or state legislation to this end
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
Paper Makers Gain

Marinette. Wis.-At a meeting of
paper makers employed by the M. &
M. Paper COMPANY it was agreed that
demands for wage increases would
be made The next day the company
announced that rates would be ad-
vanced cents an hour.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07

One special duty we owe ourselves
is, to see that the union liable is on
everything we buy with our wages,
earned under a union wage scale.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
Strike rOr "A Hours

Perth Amboy, N. j. Machinists
employed in eight of the II largest
plants here have suspended work to
enforce the 44hour week and wage
increases
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
GOmpers Talks
SNARLS AND GROWLS CAN NOT
BRIGHTEN LABOR
Parade of Forty Thousand in Honor
of Samuel GOmpers Who Address
ses Meeting at Washington

Washington-The industrial auto
Gratis who applauded us during the
war and who snarl and growl at US
can not frighten us nor cause US to
change our course. l am willing to
share the enmity of those who oppose
US. am willing to share the respon-
sibility of the errors and mistakes of
my fellows"
In defiant spirit, indicated by the
above sentiments, President Gompers
stood before an audience of trade
unionists and sympathizers that
packed to the doors the largest hall
in this city and notified reactionaries
in this country that trade unionism
is a forward and not a retreating
movement.
The meeting followed a parade that
opened the eyes of the lawmakers and
other influences that favor labor
shackling legislation. The parade
consisted of nearly 10000 workers,
marching 16 abreast, with music
lights and artistic floats in honor of
the president of the American Fed
Grafton of Labor. The demonstration
was under the auspices of the central
labor union and was originally plan
ned for President Gompers' return
from Europe last May, but was post
poned because of the trade unionists'
bereavement in his home.
John Colpoys, editor of the Wash
irgton Trades Unionist as temporary
chairman, introduced the chairman of
the evening, Secretary of Labor Will
son.
President Gompers speech was
both an eloquent appeal for justice
to the wage workers of our country
and defiance to reaction. He gave
notice that the trade union move
ment could not be divided, and re-
gardless of past mistakes of any
member of organized labor, no
breaks in our ranks would be coun-
tenanced to please industrial auto
Gratis.
"The reaction of certain employers
BODIES no good for our country" he
said, in urging trade unionists to
respond to the plea of striking steel
workers for financial aid.
NrNbo have bo oo;J
indicates that these strikers will win
if they are but given bread"
President Gompers spoke at length
on the Cummins railroad bill, which
would make strikes Of railroad en-
ployes unlawful.
"This BILL" the speaker declared,
''would re-establish involuntary SER
vitude in the United States. The
sacrifices for liberty shall not be sub
stituted for industrial autocracy
against which political autocracy is
merely side show. When the gov
ernment took over the railroads the
employees were free men. 1t is now
proposed that the railroads be turned
back and the employees shackled Are
we to learn nothing from the history
and experiences of other peoples who
tried to enforce involuntary servitude
of labor? The difference between the
slave and the free man is that the
slave is forced to labor and the free
man folds his arms and bears the
consequences of his idleness.
Constant vigilance is the price of
liberty just as much now as the day
that phase was first announced.
Strikes should be avoided So
should wars. So should other conten-
tions between men. No man loves
struggle and warfare, but the work.
ers of the United States have the
right to stop work when their inter-
ests compel them to strike"
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
Onpose Basement Living

Chicago-The Flat Janitors' union
demands the abolishment of base
ments as living quarters for it's mem
bers.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
Stage Employees Gain

San Franciso - Theatrical Stage
Employees union has secured new
agreement and improved conditions
and higher wages.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
Get S16O A Month

San Francisco-The new monthly
rate secured by the Piano, Organ and
Instrument Workers union calls for
a minimum of $3.50 a month.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
BOOkbinders Win

Kansas City, Mo. = Bookbinders
have won their strike for increased
wages.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
LABOR'S PROGRESS
advances Made and Better Conditions
Secured All Over the Country
TailOrs Win Eigth Hours

Philadelphia - An eight-hour day
has been established by Journeymen
Tailors' union No. Sc after five
weeks strike. A weekly minimum
of $40 has also been granted.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1919-11-07
WAGE INCREASES
Gains in Wages Made by Organized
Labor Throughout the Nation

Cigar Makers Gain
Detroit, Mich. - Organized cigar
makers have advanced wages So a
thousand
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1919-02-13

thing but of an unfriendly character
The draft law of the United States
adopted for the carrying out OF the
high purposes had in view by the Omit
ed States kept many from going t0
Canada during the period of the war;
The citizen army of the United States
was quickly modified, and contained
a large percentage of the young Rnem
from the farms. In this way many
were prevented from going to Canada
That is all over now. There are R@
real or imaginary restrictions; there is
no draft law TO interfere. On the COER-
trary there. is an unfathomable depth
Of good feeling, and the, long existing
friendship is stronger than ever. This
has been brought about by the kn0wE-
edge of what has been done in the Hgs-
cent great struggle, each vying with
the other in giving credit for what WAS
accomplished. In thought and feeling.
in language, in aims in life. In work,
in desire to build up a new world,
there has been bred kinship which tS
as indiss0luble as time itself.-AdveE%
tisement,
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1919-02-13
HARLEM OIL CAPSULES
If YOUR BACK ACHES

Don't ignore the '1ittle pains snd
aches" especially backaches. They
may be little now but there is no tell
ing how soon dangerous or fatal DIS
ease of which they are the foreFun-
ners may show itself. Go after tire
cause of that backache at once. or YOU
may find yourself in the grip Of an fE2-
durable disease.
Do not delay minute. Go TO your
druggist and insist on his supplying
you with a box of GOLD MEDAL
HARLEM Oil Capsules. In "a hOurs
you will feel renewed health and vigoE.
After you have cured yourself, Coz
tinue to take one or two Capsules
each day so as to keep in first-clasS
condition, and ward OFF the danger OF
future attacks. Money refunded IL
they do not help you. Ask for the
original imported GOLD MEDAL
brand and thus be sure Of getting the
genuine-AdV.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1919-02-13

Do you feel tired and "worn-out? p
Are you nervous and irritable? Don't
sleep well at night? Have a dragged
out" unrested feeling when you get
up in the morning? Dizzy spells? Bill
iOus? Bad taste in the mouth, back
ache, pain or soreness in the loins,
and abdomen? Severe distress when
urinating, bloody, cloudy urine or sed-
iment? All these indicate gravel or
stone in the bladder, or that the poi
sonous microbes, which are always in
your system, have attacked your kid
neys.
You should use GOLD MEDAL
HARLEM Oil Capsules Immediately.
The oil soaks gently into the walls
and lining of the kidneys, and the lit
tie poisonous animal germs, which are
causing the inflammation, are imme-
diately attacked and chased out of
your system without inconvenience or
pain.