The sun., 1919-06-08
"Prob1ems of Peace" "Society of Free States"

the name Of Kant-and that a racial urge
for action and domination was set free.
Further ON it IS somewhat startling to
discover the Ptussi4n military efficiency
which conquered al Sadows and Sedan
written down as an Improvisation: We
have all been taught in the last Eve years
to trace it back to STEAMBOATS, time, but
that is piece of antedating, DR.. Ferrero
AYERS. He intimates that there was a
good deal more than military mferiority
to the sudden collapse Of the French arms
in 1871. But he leaves the intimation I'M
developed.
The proper analogy for the Communist
revolution in Russia he finds, not in the
ongina. French revolution, but in the one
Of 1S4s.
"Mary historians" he writes, 'blame
the >bourgeoise and the upper classes Of
France for having been too easily fright
ened by this instruction, while others
are inclined to suspect that their terrors
were, in part at least, purposely erag-
gerated But the recent disasters in Rus
STA chow that there was good reason for
alarm. However repugnant it may be to
compare the vile gang Of which Lenine is
the head to the high-minded rebels Of
June, 1S4S, it is none the less true that
Lenine and his followers have accom-
phshed what these rebels tried in vain to
do, namely, the forcible overthrow of the
first legal authorities established under
the revolution, the Provisional Govern.
ment and the Constituent Assembly, whose
purpose was to give the new regime the
sanction Of defnitive legality and to i'm
press upon the indelible character of le-
gitimate government. What would have
happened if the insurgents Of June had
succeeded, as Lenine has done, III striking
down by a coup de main every principle
Of legalityp
His summary on Italy will give cor
rect idea Of his case for her present po-
sition:
. "For ninety-nine years up to and in
GLIDING 1914 mot merely until 1859, rs is
sometimes supposedly Italy had been the
victim of the Congress Of Vienna, or
rather of Europe, which in 1915 left her
divided and disarmed in the power Of
Austria The readers of this book know
how desperate was the state to which the
Austrian regime reduced Italy, how i'm
possible it was for her either to live under
the preposterous Governments which Aus
tria supported or to reform or abolish
them; what the elite Of the people who
were the eldest children Of European cul-
ture endured for nearly half a century,
seeing themselves reduced to be miserable
serfs of q German Empire, separated from
the main currents of Western civilization,
buried alive in dead past.
"They know that the revolution Of
1S4S, after raising the hope that her suf-
ferings were nearly over, ended in a dis
appointment, and that the war Of 1859,
owing to the distrust, the hesitation, the
riyalries and the scruples, not always lis
interested, Of Europe, seemed for a mo-
ment to be about to make her position
even mora impossible than before.
"Thev know that in order to avoid an
irreparable catastrophe Italy had to use
violence 10 break these scruples and hesi-
tations, and how she did SO. They know
that even the wars Of 1859 and 1860 left
the task only half finished, and that in
order to achieve complete independence
Italy was forced to ally herself with Prus-
sia- in 1866. They know that with the
war Of 1856 Germanism took a decisive
step toward the hegemony Of Europe, but
that owing to the doubtful loyalty Of