The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-05-23
tCopyright. 1919, By The Interna-
 tional News Bureau, Incl

 many has so far allowed much the same course at much the same pace as it did fin Russia. In Germany, as in Russia. the councils, after reaching at a bound the sole power during the days of revolution, re- lapsed under a reassertion of Parlia- mentary and Party Government, then recovered, and in the case of Russia realized the second revolution. The German Councils movement ts now In the early stage of recovery. The de- velopment is of special interest to us in that the German movement will probably take a middle place between that of Russia and our own.
 Before the revolution the Labor movement fin Germany was very much in the same condition as with us- The attempt to combine on patriotic platform all productive forces and to concentrate Capital and Labor on winning the war had only superfcinliy smoothed over the dis trust between employers associations and Labor organizations, and the dis sentions between heads of unions and the bodies of workers. When the rev clution broke out on Nov. 1t was carried through first by committees of sailors. then of soldiers, finally of workmen that sprang up spontan- eousiy aud assumed upuuestloned all the administrative authority. This brought about an alliance between the previous authorities thus put on one side, the employers associations ondAthe trade unions.
 Eight Hour Day.
 The employers. who had hitherto been resisting claims for an eight hour day and a share in control, found themselves threatened with eN- .propriation. Under leadership of Hugo Stinues, they at once opened negotiations with the unions led by Lezien, and by Nov. 15 reached agreement on the eight-hour day and the establishment of works asso- ciattons (Arbeitsgemeinschafte - Whitley Councils) and work cham bers CArbeitsiCamnern) for dealing with wages and welfare. in which employers and employed would have equal repressp on tation.
 As Dr.. Reichcrt, spokesman for the metal industrials, has pointed out to his supporters, these concessions looked more than they were. For the eight-hour day would have to be abandoned unless. was unlikely. ,t became general in Europe, and as 10 the associations. it should always be possible to get in and bring oper n Christian representative of one of the Labor orEanizato1s under the in- fluence of the Catholic Centrum. IL is this agreement between the trust and trudo union bosses that is the basis of the present Coalition Gov. ernmeut's labor policy.
 But since the Revolution the real labor movement of Germany has passed to the Councils Irate), as we must call them for want of a better word. For moot is too archaic and "commr1ittee" suggests either q party of bores and busybodies or a posse of Bulgarian Brigands.
 Inc Threxp Councils.
 Of these councils the three main divisions are workme1's councils CArbciterrater) or industrial councils Osssrfsobrace). sold1ers' councils and communal councils. Of these tho first only seems to have a future in Germany. Tho communal councils have not as yet succeeded fin getting themselves admitted to the council system, and seems to have but little vitality. The soldiers councils. which played the more prominent part in the revolution. and still forms part of the organization. have not sue ceeded in making head against the efforts of the Government to suppress them
 A regulaton of January 19 reduces them to care-committees, and re- stricts their right of deposing officers to a mere recommendation Such z recommendation many. times repeat ed for the removal of the General commanding the Guards in Berlin has so far only resultSl in disciplin- ary action; whereas t1Ic attempts of the more revolutionary corps to re- sist authority in December. January, and March have been put down by the volunteer corps with excessive and progressive severity
 Moreover, the large bodies of rev olutionary troops that survived the demobilization aS Republican Guards" Public Safety Guards ' Peoples Naval Division etc. are being steadily dispersed by the gov ernments volunteer corps. So that the Soldiers Councils as the politica organ of the revoluntionary fighting forces are losing their importance.
 National Central Council.
 Retarning. therefore. to the indus trial councils, we find that in the early days of the revolution ths movement spontaneously developed an organization conststing of a na tional Central Council. elected by . rational Congress of Councils, in it turn elected by local, Executive Coun CHS IneSe were all lions, which for a few days enjoyed political, ,power.
 T. have already described how thi powerpassedtback.to the dspoItica parties and ParHamentary system owing; :; to the council accepting a '-Commissariesr of the People" 'Parlia. mentary politicians, whose sole iGe' and secret intention it was to re constitute q Cabinet and reconetruc Chamber on .reformsd but not rev olirfaonary lines. Tf1s capital strzt eg1c error of trying to revoiutioniz by the Councils merely controllin politicians and.6fSacaals was in Ger many. as fn' Hussia. the cause of tn reiapse into :reacfton.
 IAObknechf. after accepting ofic withdrew, and ,deciared for the sol counc1 system. possibly as' the resuI of aNwarning by the Russians. cwin: further to a tactical blunder of tn