Evening star., 1919-09-05

leagues that II they were going to claim
every place where there was q large
Italian population we would have 10
cede New York to them, because there
are more Italians in New York than In
any Italian city.
ians in New York city are as glad to
| stay there as we are to have them
would not have you suppose that 1 am
intimating that my Italian colleagues
entered any claim for New York city.
fellow citizens. ought to be able to un-
derstand the questions Of this treaty
and without anybody explaining them to
us: for we are made up out OF all the
peoples Of the world. ] dare say that In
of practically all the peoples dealt with
| in this treaty.
national ambitions to you-national as
pirations. You have been brought up
on them; you learned Of them since you
were children. and it Is those national
aspirations which we sought to realize.
| to give an outlet to. in this great treaty.
But we do much more than that.
This treaty contains among other
thing unheard Of until this interest
| ing year Of grace. There is . whole
section OF the treaty devoted to ar
rangements. by which the interests
all over the world-whether they be
men or women or children-are all
| of them to be safeguarded. And next
month there is to meet the hrst as
eaeusand Ssmey nnse5 let n,s ms teiI afVn You it It
meet whether the treaty Is ratified
! by that time or not.
Labor's Meeting.
"There is to meet an assembly
which represents the interests of la
boring men throughout the world. not
their political interests. There is moth
ing political about 1t. 1t is the inter
ests of men concerning the conditions
of their labor. concerning the char
acter Of labor which women shall
engage in, the character Of labor
which children shall be permitted to
incidentally, of course, the remunera-
ton Of labor. The labor shall be re-
munerated in proportion. OF course. to
the maintenance OF the standard Of
living which is proper; for ~ the man man
! brain and intelligence and energy to
Il hear very little said about this
magma charta Of labor which is EN-
which ought to have come long ago.
when statesmen will realize that no
| nation IL fortunate which is not hap
py. and that no nation can be happy
whose people are not contented. con-
tented in their industry, contented in
| their lives and fortunate In the cir
cumstances of their lives
"If were to state what seems to me
| to be the central idea Of this treaty.
! it would be this: 1t is almost dis
| covery in international conventions-
that nations do not consist OF their
government, but consist of their peo-
| ple.' =.
THAT is a rudimentary idea; It
| seems to US to go without saying to
| US in America, but, my fellow citi-
zens, It was never the leading idea
| in any other international congress
that I ever heard OF; that is to say.
any international congress made up
OF the representatives OF government'
They were always thinking Of ma =
tional policy. OF national advantages.
! of the rivalries of trade, of the ad-
| yantages of territorial conquest.
Nothing of That in Treaty.
There is nothing Of that in this
| treaty.
You will notice that even the ter
| ritories which are taken away from
| Germany. like her colonies, are not
| given to anybody. There isn't single
| act of annexation in this treaty. But
| territories inhabited by people not
| because Of economic or other circum :
stances or the stage Of their devel-
| opment, are put under the care OF
powers. who are to accept as trus-
| tees, trustees responsible in the To-
rum of the world. at the bar Of the
| league of nations, and the terms upon
| which they are to exercise their trus-
| teeship are outlined. They are not to
| use those people by way OF pront and
to fight their wars for them: they are
not to permit any form Of slavery
They are to see to:it that there are
humane conditions OF labor with re-
gard not only to the women and chill
dren, but the men, too. They are to
establish no foftiicztions; they are to
regulate the liquor and the opium S
words. that the lives Of the people
whose care they. assume-aot sover-
eighty over whom they assume, bu!
! whose care they assume-are kept
clean and safe and holy.
There. again. the principle Of the
treaty comes out that the object OF
the arrangement is the welfare of the
people who live there and not the
advantages Of the government.
Seeks to Check other Evils.
"It goes beyond that and it seeks
|
vision of the league Of nations the va
rious instrumentalities by which the
world has been trying to check the
evils that were in some places de-
basing men. like the opium 'trafnc. like
the trafic-for It was a tradic-in
mon, women and children, like the
traffic in other dangerous drugs. like
the trafflc in arms among unciviliIed
people, who could use arms only for
their detriment, for sanitation, for
the work OF the Red Cross. Why, those
clauses. my fellow citizens, draw the
hearts Of the world into league: draw
the noble impulses of the world to-
gether and make q poem Of them.
'T used to be told that this was an
age in which mind was monarch: and
my comment was that II that were
| true, then mind was one Of those
modern monarchs that reigns and
! does not govern; but As a matter Of
fact we were governed by a great
| representative assembly, made up Of
| the human passions, and that the best
we could manage was that the high
! and fine passions should be in a ma