The Wrangell sentinel., 1919-12-11
ABOUT
 VACCINATION
Preparation of Vaccine.

The living virus of vaccine is contained in the liquid matter and the dried scab of vaccination sore. The original vaccinations were made by the transfer of the virus from a COW to person; and then came the methods of transmitting it from one person to another; and then that of from a person to calf and back to a person. The fresh virus or scabs were first used, then virus dried on bone splints, and then virus preserved in 50 per cent solution of glycerin. The present method of production adopted by the Department of Health of New York City is as follows:
 I. Fresh virus from a healthy person is inocuIated into a calf.
 2. The calf virus is inoculated into a rabbit.
 3. The rabbit virus is transferred to a calf, and the virus then pro- duced is that which is distributed for vaccinating human beings.
 One of the principal objects in passing the virus through three animals is to exclude the possibili- ty of the transfer of human disease germs from one person to another. It might be possible that some Of the original germs would survive if they were passed through only one animal, but hardly probable if they passed through three. It is conceivable that some human germs might live in calf, but it is ex- tremely improbable that any human germs would survive in both a calf and rabbit.
 The calves on which the com mercial virus is grown are young stock. They are fed on milk alone, and are placed without bedding in concrete stalls which are kept as clean as a surgical ward in hos. pital. All the operations on the calves are done in an operating- room with tile floors and walls, and are performed with the same cleanliness and asepsis as opera= tons on human beings. When calf is inoculated, the skin on the hinder part of the abdomen and inner surface of the thighs is shaved and cleansed, and the virus is in- troduced with the same care that would be observed in operating on human being. The contents of the vesicles are collected on about the sixth day. The pulp is mixed with four times its bulk of a solu- ton of 50 per cent glycerin, 4o per cent water and per cent carbolic acid, and is allowed to stand at least five weeks while the glycerin and carbolic acid slowly kill the bacteria that may be present. 3ac- teriologic tests are made frequently until no growth is obtained on the media: Inoculation tests are also made for looklaw and various other germs. If all the tests are satis- factory, the vaccine is tested on ff- teen unvaccinated children. All must be successful before the vac cine is distributed to physicians. Every known precaution is taken that the vaccine shall be active and free from bacteria or germs.
 The commercial vaccine that is made for the market is produced under the supervision of the Fed eral Government, and by the same methods that are followed in New York City.
 The Best Time to Be Vaccinated
 Eseebf during ebidemirs, the phy- sician should realize the advisa- bility of vaccinating during the fall, winter and spring months. Not only is the quality of vaccine better in winter, but there is much less danger of wound contamina- tion.
 Course of a Vaccination
 The course of successful vac