The sun., 1919-01-19
AGE BROUGHT TO PERFECTION IN AMERICA

by u false painted bow and stern placed
so as to distort the apparent perspes-
tive the course may be made TO appear
somewhat other than IT Is.
Checkerboard patterns blur outline.
In art and architectural drawing the
principles Of perspective representation
have been .cntincally studied for CEN
turtles. 1t l. quite feasible to paint "a.
vessel in such "A fashion as that the
apparent perspective is different from
the real This will induce an error ia
course estimate. A vessel painted with
convergng bands Of colors properly
contrasted will offer deceptive ap-
pearance as to course. II is possible
also to dIstort perspective by curves or
by vertical bands close, together ut
the how or stern Of the vessel thln at
the opposite end.
Must Break the Water Line.
lnasinuch as the water ilnc OF Il ship
/; known to be horizontal the bands
thould break the water line. This point
3 of great moment. No two ships should
be painted exactly alike in regard 20
pattern and conveyance of lines. Per-
spective deception patterns should bend
OF Il distance where deception i. no
longer possible but low visibility is pos
sibi,.
II should be carefully borne in mind
that the blending distances of lands
and patterns are base Upon the htpoth-
tsis that the periscope does not enIarge
The image much above normal vision. II
maghifica ton of three to six times nor
NAL should be resortcd 10 the picnung
distances should he reduced in order that
iow visibility be not sacriuced. 1t may
h,so he ne tessary 10 modify the Die nGIng
distances of the bands and patterns TO
meet a possible attempt TO uullify By
light filters and deceptive effects.
Deception Is matter of psN tholosy
b and IL less SUSIE ,,tible than Nislbinty u
sciei tiflc determination. VIVA. Will de-
Ceive on" submarine observer Wni not
delude another The Submarine Defence
association has experimental With pei
-rectivo distortion bands and tnr Rcr
board outline burning PATTERN. Ht'"eis
who viewed the L. S. :. as she
entered New Haven harbpr said tho
diamond pattern Oh her bow Eayr her 4
scow bow. The British toward the end
OF the war ramc to favor also such
checker board patterns for certain por-
tons OF the ship.
Dazzle" patterns have been tr.cd on
American NbrshipS, but 20 Ions ms
! the upper works and masts ave q. their
special charact"r no radical dcrcn'iou
is possible. Experiments have bcen
made with squares, rcctanglcs, patches,
/ lands nd other designs to over 0tnc this
handicap, hut without success so Car. 1t
| IL for this reason that the low Visibility
object alone is favored for the lItgor
war ships.
Tests were also made in July. ia1s, off
Fort \ to determine the effect OF = low
/ visibility-deceptive colora ton upon the
ability OF coast defences 20 FOLLOW a
vessel with searchlights ~ nigh. Tie
/ L. s, s. ----- proceeded between Point Y
and Island Il at 5000 yards mean range.
steering sinuous course until nnpo-
site the end OF the latter and tucn went
straight through a channel 81 a dis
lance Of about 3.o0O yard. from the
nearest searchligh;.
Although the approximate time OF her
departure was known she passed through
all five searchlignts wholly undetected
and was picked up only when, after pass
ing through the channel She turupd on