Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-06-01

stitutes about 1000 officers and men.
However, every male citizen Of the re-
public is liable to military service from
his nineteenth to fiftieth year, thereby
anording the country an army of about
100000 men for war purposes. There
arg about fifteen vessels in Peru's navy
Throughout the republic there are
nearly $4,000 miles of telegraph lines,
which. with the exception of railway
telegraphs, are operated by the govern
ment. There are more than is, 900 miles
Of telephone wires. 900 post Offices, g.
900 miles Of railroad, so miles of inter-
urban electric lines and about 4. 900 miles
Of railroad lines being constructed and
under survey.
Has Many Good Ports.
Along the coast are any number of
fine bays and nearly dozen good ports.
the most important of which is Callao,
which Is about ten miles from Lima
The latter, with its nearly a quarter of
million population and it's modern
buildings and streets and parks and sys-
TENS. is the metropolis of the republic
1t Is built upon fertile plain, not espe-
cially elevated, but situated on the west
ernmost spur of the Andes, known as
the Hill OF San Cristobal. The chief
interest in Lima lies in the fact that
1t was founded by the great conaueror.
Pizarro. in 1885. 1t was designed ac-
cording to his own ideas. and even the
cathedral had its corner stone laid by
him.
Although the capital city lies in the
dry zone. it has a pleasant climate and
Mayor, situated in the center of the
city, and on which the famous old
cathdral fronts, is considered one of the
most beautiful public squares in Latin
America. Besides the cathedral other
notable structures are the executive pal
ace. the government and municipal
buildings. the theaters and the church
Of San Francisco. There are many
handsome monuments and palatial resi-
dences. =.
Other Important Cities.
Next in importance is the port of
Caliao with its $4,000 inhabitants How
ever. the size of its population does not
represent its activity or significance
Other large cities are Arequipa, situat-
ed at an altitude of 1850 feet: Cuzco.
famous as the home of the Incas; Aya-
cucho. celebrated as the battle ground
Of the last struggle of the Spanish army
against the allied Peruvians and CO.
lombian army, under the Venezuelan
general. Sucre: and EQuitosa, growing
city, situated 1900 miles up the Amazon
river. The latter is Peru's greatest
inland port. and practically all of it's
communication and commerce is given
to the Atlantic instead Of to the Pacific
side Of the republic.
Peru, like all other Latin American
countries, has an interesting and roman
tic past. At the time Francisco Pr
zarro landed on the coast of Peru in
1882, he found the vast Inca empire
extending over more than one-half of
the entire South American continent
He found the people with splendid social
and political institutions and with agri-
culture developed to a remarkable de-
gree. After considerable fighting Pr
xarro captured the emperor of the Incas
in 1888, put him to death and made
slaves of the Indian natives. Shortly
after this he was appointed governor of
the newly acquired territory and found
ed the city of Lima, naming 1t the
City Of Kings
Made a Vice Royalty.
The new Spanish domain was gov
erned by him until his death in 1871.
He was succeeded by Don Cristobal de
Vacca, who. governed for three years,
when the vice royalty of Peru was Gre
ated. Don Blasco Nunnez Vulla was the
first victory. and his jurisdiction at that
time extended over the entire continent
Of South America, but the territory was