davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
VOTE FOR WOMEN
BILL IS REFERRED
Sent to Committee on Federal
Relations After Sharp
Attack.
SUFFRAGETTE LEADERS TALK
Miss Adele Clark Answers
Leader of Ants,
Miss Rowe.

Advocates Of equal suffrage delivered
yesterday "A sharp countcr-attack on
the faction which is opposing ratlii-
cation by the General Assembly OF Nir-
sinia of the Susan Is. Anthony amcn nd :
ment to the Federal Constitution
When the order had come to cease
firing little groups OF the contendins
armies mct>in the lobbies. discussed d
plans for the next offensive and com
Jared notes in an angry mood upon
Tactics adopted in either camp.
For the Sufrag lists. Delegate Holman
Wills, Democratic floor leader. fur
nished the barrage for attack. when
ne offered joint. resolution calling
for ratification of the amendment
This. was referred TO the COMMITTEE c
on Federal Relations.
Miss Adele Clark. of Richmond, led
Delegates, from which Miss Charlotte
Rowe Of the opposition spoke Thurs
day. she launched straight forward
into the enemy stronshoids.
Hold states Rights Ancient
was bit surprised" she declared.
that lady from New England should
come TO Virginia and ask that this
It Is an infringement of States rights.
She is just fifty years late getting
into that sort of camp.
With this shot she arose and came
down on the floor of the House A
Few minutes later Miss Clark was in
formed that Miss Rowe was not from
New England. but from Washing
am sorry was in error" Mics
liyered another blow. 80 :
Perhaps~ her. residence in Washing
voies y9n; wnere me- ,nslthersman ei, I man Woman
viewpoint." was the parting shot.
Miss Clark reminded the delegates
that Mrs. Lila Meade Valentine had
at another session. warned them tha
uniesS they agreed then to an amend :
ment to the State Constitution the
would be lost.
Says, Antis Arc Tail of Kite.
Mrs Antoinette Funk. who said she
represents the National Democratic
Committee. led the second wave.
DO YOU want me 10 tell YOU who
these people opposed to woman suffrare
arc? she said.
Well. they are a society tied to the
political kite. His wife is preside n
of the association.
preaching Bolshevists becausc re
elected Democratic Governor of Nav,
nork and because we named Woodrow.
w w ilson President of the United States
irG, nrn are INC principal charges in his
belief OF the National Democrati,. re
Snmmittee That the votes of women
III III oecide the next presidential cleo
IT is thought possible that the sur
fraEe amendment will come m i, ~
mouse when that body reconvonns nn
Tuesday. t'es on
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
FIX 100 AS MINIMUM
FOR NATIONAL GUARDS
war Department Issues New Order
helntirc to organizing state
Dctachments.

WASHINGTON. August % rho
minimum strength OF 100 for a NationaI
Guard company fixed by the war DE
phrtment as the basis for Federal
recognition VIII be reduced for certain
thinly settled districts. IL the depart
ment finds 1t has legal authority TO do
so. Secretary Baker told the commit
tee of six State Governors fpom tho
National Conference of Governors
The committee represented in confer
ence with Mr.. Baker that diificulty was
being cxncricpccd by State authori-
tics In recruiting National Guard COM
pan!es to the new minimum strength
OF 100 In sparscly settled districts. and
said a reduction to tho old strength OF
sixty-fvc would expedite reorganiza-
tion. ~
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
FIGHT AGAINST PALMER
ENDS WITH CONFIRMATION
Pennsylvania VIII Retain Position of
Afforney-Gencrnl of United
States.
Try Associated rrnss.

WASHINGTON. August 2o.-In an
executive session. which lasted two
hours and half. the Senate tonight
without record vote. confirmed the
nominati tion OF 4. Mitchell Palmer. 10
be Attorney-Gencral.
Confirmation of MIR. Palmer's nomi-
nation terminated a fight that began
last session and which grew out OF
criticisms of his .administra ton of the
office OF alien property custodian. Op-
position to his nomination resulted in
the blocking of action upon it at the
close of the last session. but when the
present session convened. president
Wilson again sent 1t to the Senate.
AT the request OF Senator FrelinE-
huysen. Republican. New Jersey Ii
was referred to the Judiciary Com.
mittee. which appointed a s,ibcom-
mittce which held extensive hearings
and later by unanimous vote favor
ably rcported the nomination and eX-
oneratcd the Attorney-General OF any
wrongdoing In connect. with the
Office of alien property custodian
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
SENATE APPROPRzA7ES BIG SUM FOR NEW HIGHWAYS
SUFFRAGE BILL OFFERED IN HOUSE or DELEGATES
COAAMONER SUGGESTS SOLUTION FOR RAIL PROBLEM
Messages Showing
Labor Situation

BOSTON = City threatened with
general strike IL the pOiiceme n =
right to organize is not recognized.
street car md elevated employees,
walters. bnrtenders, building trades
and other unions vote In favor OF
sympathy strike.
JERSEY CITY--Poiicc organize a
union and prepare demands for
rfEht-hour dny and S2,Wn year
minimum wage.
NEW YORK - Uniformed Fire
mems .AnsOcihtion to Rsk city for
s3O to $3.50 year increase. Dis
claim nny intention OF striking.
CL r FL a y D-CIty frcmcn,
through federation Of lnhor, present
demand for $500 n year incrcnsc.
CH CA G. O-Onc hundred and
twenty thousand carpenters and
allied building trade worker. on
strike, demanding incrcnscd wages.
BOSTON-Fiyc thousand carmen
In MnNsnchusctts, New Hampshire
md Rhode Island vote to strike un-
less Eastern Massachusetts Railway
Company nErcca to revision of War
Labor Board wage award.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
HEIR To VANDERBILT
TAKES CUB REPORTERS
JOB ON DAILY PAPER
Gels S25 Each Week for His
His Services and Starts
From Bottom.
tBy Universal Service.

NEW UItk,- AUGUST 29.--Corneiius
Vanderbilt, Jr., heir to many millions,
son of Brigadicr-General Cornelius
Vanderbilt, popular with society peo-
pie of Newport and elsewhere, has
taken his pen in hand. or his pencil,
or his. typewriter. if he has as yet
learned to use one, and now is "A fun
fedged cub reporter on morning
newspaper. He pulls down" S25 A
week. He had been at work two days
when 1t became known today that
young Vanderbilt had chosen the news
paper field as his chosen work.
Vanderbilt has been covering assign
mentS which the stars on his papers
staff would regard as too "cheesy' for
their talents, but he smiled and said
he liked IT,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
FOOD STOCKS ARE SPOILING
ON MANY BRITISH DOCKS
Government Proposcs to PennIizc Mer-
chants Who Fcii to Remove
Goods Promptly.

LONDON. August 29.--The govcrn-
ment's port and transit committee de-
cided tonight TO send committee 10
Premier Lloyd George with the view
to urging the use OF all of the country's
available motor transport to clear the
congested docks IL will be further
urged that merchants who do not
withdraw their goods Immediately he
pcnalized
Tho committee believes that if it's
recommends ions are acted on. trans
atlantic movements will be improved
materially and the prices Of certain
food stocks will promptly drop 80 per
cent. All docks are\ piled high now
with foodstuffs and manufactu
from the United States. The food Is
spelling because OF tho congestion,
while the country's imports are $780,
600 tons loss monthly than before tho
war.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
WILL TRY TO OPEN SIX
OF NEW Y0RK'S THEATERS
Actors Appeal to samuel Gompers 10
Obtain Relief From Trouble
Conditions.
IRy Universal Service

NEW YORK. August 2a.-An attempt
to open six of the twenty-siX theaters
closed by the strike of the actors will
be made BY the Managers Producing
rumors circulating on Broadway to-
night.
In the meantime the strike Is fast
tors and managers are turning 10
samuel Gompers 10 settle the theat.
r'cai warfare. which has afforded snms
speak OF the casualties to bank rolls,
The striking actors hsld meeting to.
night and reafirmed their stand 10
stick. l,g
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
At Last! Here's Reason
For Beautiful Girls
fRv I.nlvcrsal Ser,icc \


CHICAGO, August 20.-"It's the
hIms TINT make them so pretty"
dorado rnft. sculptor. and Miss In
diana Gybcrson, Irish pnintcr of
women. today gave this theory rs
to tho reason for America's remark
ably attractive girls.
''sec TINT lovely young girl there
with the soft. fnwn-likc eyes. The
angelic pOisc of her head" snid Miss
Gybcrson. "Sec how she hinEs up
her chin with just tho right touch of
nrtstOcrntic nudncity. She II n clerk
and prOdnct of the movies.
Through Imitation Of famous stars,
these girls nrc gradually being
moldcd into their own idcnIs
Girls nre psyrholOEicnIly affected by
the beautiful women on the screen
snid Mr. Taft. "Aftcr seeing their
fnNorifc, they go home and practice
FOR hours before mirror. The out
come is graceful walking, pretty
taccs md yivacity."
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
STEEL C0MPANY'S HEAD
MAKES NO REPLY TO MEN
Leaves New York for SeycrnJ D,xs,
Absence Without Further
Discussion.
tRy UniversaI Servicc. !

NEW YORK, August 29-Judce Ell
pert II; Gary. chairman OF the United
states Steel Corporation, has left Town
without making any further reply To-
representations of a committee rcpre
scntinS organized labor of the corpo-
ration than that he gave out several
care Tor personal presentation OF the
committees desires. but that written
commnnication would be considered Nv
the board and answered by the board
II an answer were made Al .Judra
'arH ofnce today. IL was said. he viii
not return before Tuesday
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30

ATLANTA. CA, August .9.--Iudge
Peyton l" Wade chief magistrate OF
the Georgia Court OF Appeals. died at
his home here late today from effects
OF an attack OF influenza. which he
contracted last spring. He was born
In Scrcven County, Georgia. in 1855.
the descendant OF two distinguished
Georgia families. Judge Wade left n
widow and ono daughter
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
BRUNSWICK HOUSE ACTS
Adopts Resolution for Complete scpo-
ration OF Church mud
Stnte.
(Ry Univcreal Scrricc

BERLIN. August 2a.-The House of
REPRESENTATIVES Of the free state OF
brunswick has adopted resolution
completely separating the church from
the state. the vote being 80 to i3
motion tor the elimination OF religious
lessons in the schools also was passed
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
POINDEXTER SCORES BOTH
CAPITAL AND LABOR MEN
Charges Roth with sInconsiStency
and NnrrOwncss" md Ignoring
Public Welfare.
nv Assncintcd prcss.l

WASHINGTON. August 29.-Charging
both capital and labor with "incon-
sistency and narrowness" in their view
points. and with ignoring the public
welfare. Senator PoindeXter. Washing
ton. urged in the Senate today that
the government take some steps to
compel them 10 get together for the
purpose of reaching an understanding
Such a conference. he said might
effect a settlement OF the labor contro-
versics which now threaten the peace
and order and well-beinG of the entire
country"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
VIII WcIcomc Gcncrnl rcrshInr.

w WASiilNGTON, August 2a.--Without
debate. tho Senate today unanimously
adopted Joint resolution providing for
the appointment OF committee to ar
range for q formal welcome by Con-
gress to General Pershing upon his
return to tho United States.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
SHAH STOPS IN EUROPE
Persian Ruler Changes His Plans and
VIII Not Visit
America.
lRv Universe! Service }

LONDON. AUGUST 29.--The Shah OF
Persia is not going to visit the United
states aftar all. the Daily Express
learns. Three delegates from the Shah
arc. however, now on the way to
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
ON TRAIL OF TOURISTS
Enst Prussia Plans TO Impose Tnx on
Visitors stopping mt Public
Places.
(Rv univcrsnl SnryIrcl

FEEN. NuGMst 29.--A novel tax is
being advocate IN East Prussia. where
il is proposed that a levy be imposed
on all strangers sojourning in any
part of The province. IL would affect
ali persons stopping at hotels. recrea-
tIoE resorts or tourists boarding.
houses.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30
Gay ocenn View.

G. G. O. Sunday outing. trains
$1.s5 round trip to Old Point and Nor
folk. WilIoughby, $o.05. Virginia
Beach, $2i6,--AdY.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-08-30

Round Trip Norfolk, sI.o5
Va. Beach, $2.15. Sundays. N. & W.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10

Private Victor J. LaMothe, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph LaMothe, in
West Dummerston, died of pneumo-
MA in France, Dec. 10. He went to
Camp Devens late last June andssail-
ed for France in July.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10
PRESS COMMENT
A Tribute to Vermont

In welcoming Governor Coolidge to
the executive chair in Massachusetts,,
the Boston Herald pays a handsome
tribute to Vermont as well as to New
Hampshire, declaring: 'From the
north country we have had so steady
an influx of solid men that the inau-
guration of native Vermonter again
occasions no surprise" Having con-
seriousness of what splendid things
Verlnonters have done in building up
other states, we can almost reconcile
ourselves to the losses which Vermont
has sustained ever since the early
part of the 10Th century. The migra-
ton started in good earnest during
the days IF the California gold fever
back in The 40's and it has kept ur
more or less internationally ever
since. Sometimes the men and wom-
en- have not gone outside of the
bounds of New England, many hay
ing, found their way into Massachu-
sets and Connecticut, from which
states Vermont was originally built
up; and wherever they have gone
they have left a deep impress whether
in politics or in the less spectacular
walks of life. Vermont people re-
naming at home are proud of the
records which most of these Yer
monters abroad are making and they
are not the least proud over the fact
that Massachusetts selected a native
Vermonter for the position of gov,
ernor. Governor Calvin Coolidge wa:
born in the little town of Plymouth
in Windsor county, where the name
of Coolidge is still prominently be-
fore the public, just as it is in Mas
sachusetts through the notable ca
reer of the lawyer who now step!
from the lieutenant governors posi-
ton to that of governor Vernon
would like to join with Massachusetts
in wishing for Governor Coolidge ;
most successful and progressive ad
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Times.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10
OBTAIN TWO LITTERS A YEAR
When Sows Are Given Best of Feed
and Care This Is Good Way to
increase Production.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.l
1t is common practice among farm
ers to require their sows to produce
two filters d yeaR. Although the sows
have had good care, they will natural
~ be run down somewhat in condition,
because the greater portion of the feed
consumed has been utilized for the
production Of milk.
The sow needs a rest before she is
bred again, and the time for this is
between the weaving and breeding pc
RODS. Intelligent feeding will bring
the sow from a thin condition into a
coed, strong, vigorous condition in a
short time. When this is done she will
be in proper condition to assume her
duty. when breeding time arrives. f
the sow Is bred in a thin, rundown
condition, she must resume work i'm
mediately, and she will naturally be
weak and subject to the inroads of dis
ease. A little cold contracted in this
condition may cause death, while a
strong, healthy sow will resist such
attacks. 1t is the general belief that
soWs in good vigorous breeding condi-
ton conceive more readily, thus short
ening the narrowing period for the
herd. Alfalfa, rape. clover, or any pas
ture which is palatable to swine, with
some grain in addition, is excellent
feed for bringing the SOW back TO
breeding condition.
There is no good reason why a SOW
should not produce two ltters a year
when properly handled. To accom-
nlish this the sow should be bred to
farrow, say, for example, in March, and
bred again to farrow the early part
OF September. a sow bred about No
velnber Is will farrow about March
TO 8. The pigs should nurse eight
weeks. The sow should be, rebred by
May 20 SO as to fnrrow on or after
September S. The pigs could then
nurse until November 3. The chances
for probably rearing two crops of pigs
from a sow annually are undoubtedly
far better in regions Of mild climate
and sharf winters than where the VIM
tiers are long and severe.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10
Drifting.

Many q man drifts through life no
knowing, because not asking. wllithe'
he is going. There are more purpose
less people with whom we daily NEE
than we are aware OF vino are So t;
be described. not because they ar
not doing host of little things fol
various temporary ends. but for the
reason that they are doing nothing il
obedience to some one mastering
heavenly purpose. dominating al their
erdeavors. Unless a man labors for &
"chief end of all living, loving. hop
ing, and striving, he is truly adrifs up
on a sea of circumstance, and the pres
of now one chance impulse and again
another. We should cherish 4 greaf
purpose-and then ALLOW that greai
purpose TO iInpel rs TO our best. as i
surely viii.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10
THE EVENING
CALIFORNIAN

Established Weekly tss7-DsaIy tsi
Published daily, except Sundays
and holidays, by the w. D. Pelles
Publishing CO.. Inc, at Eastern Az
enue and Main Street, st. JohnsbuIy
Vt. Telephone $50.
TERMS-By mail, 81 a year; SIX
months So; three months, 81. De.
hvered by carrier in st. Johnsbury al
so cents a month. All subscriptions
by order of the government are pay
able in advance.
AS members of the Associated
Press that organization is entitled ex-
clusively to the use for republication
of all news dispatches credited to il
or not otherwise credited in this pap
er and also the local news published
herein. All rights of republication OF
special dispatches herein are also re-
served.
Entered as second-class matter
May 1, 1916, at the post office at st.
Johnsbury, Vermont, under the act
of March 8, 1879.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10
Sheep Like soy-Bean Forage as Much
as the Meal.

were fed the same roughage. One lot
received shelled corn and whole soy
beans In equal proportions, while the
sther RECEIVED the same quantities of
sheiied corn and whole oats. The av-
erage gain of each lamb during a pc
riod of IL weeks was 1862 pounds when
soy beans constituted part of the
ration, and but 1871 pounds when oats
were used. A pound of gain was pro-
aueed on GIL pounds of grain and I'll
pounds of roughage in tue soy-bean ra-
ton, while 7.::s8 pounds of grain and
S.62 pounds Of roughage were required
In the oats ration. In another expert
ment the same rations were fed for -
weeks to two lots Of nine lambs each.
The lot receiving the soy-bean ration
gained 119 pounds in weight and pro-
duced a5.1 pounds of wool, as com
pared with II pounds increase in
weight and production of SIS pounds
of wool for the lot receiving the oats
ration. The second lot also consumed
more feed per pound of gain.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10
1919

1919
(By Lieut.. Grantland Rice, Sd Army,
.t A. E. F.)
No fash from the rustling guns;
No rifle lights the plain;
No clotted crimson river runs
From Flanders to Lorraine;
The white year dawns above the
hosts
Beyond the last red flare,
Save for ten million drifting ghosts
Who neither know nor care.
How quiet now the lost trench seems,
How still across the fold,
Where lately through our broken
dreams
The mighty thunder rolled;
Where through our restless, shaken
sleep
We heard the big shells sing,
Or saw at dawn the long line leap
To take its final fling!
Can it be that at last the rod
Has brought it's final lash?
Where no more out the Dloody sou
"A bayonet shall flash?
Or can some white dawn know at last
The final charge is through,
With flames of war forever past
Where life and love are due?
Can it be down the world we may
Wake up at last to know
The soft, white dawn of some lost
day
We dreamed of long ago?
Where with the ghostly shadows
blown
Beyond the last grim fight,
Soft arms once more shall hold their
own
Across the silent night?
Today no sto11ning vanguard leaps
4 To leave its share of slain;
At dawn no rolling thunder sweeps
From Flanders to Lorraine;
The white year breaks against the
sky
Beyond the last red flare,
Save where ten million ghosts drift
by ~
Who, neither know nor care.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10
PEACHAM

Miss Karen Carlson has returned
to her school work at Middlebury
college.
Ellen Bayley and Vera Jennison
have gone back to Springfield where
they are attending school.
Mrs. Walter Bayley has gone to
Massachusetts, where Mr.. Bayley has
employment.
The G. A. r. and w. r. C. will
meet on Saturday, Jan. II, with C.
A. Bunker for dinner and installation
of officers.
Mrs. Ada Blanchard has closed her
house and gene to Dwight Stoddard's
to work.
Bernice Blanchard will stay with
Anna Renfrew this winter.
Representative H. A. Renfrew and
wife left Tuesday for Montpelier
where they will board during the
session of the legislature.
Mrs. Dwight Stoddard and son
Paul Mclaughlin, have returned
home from the Frost Sanatorium at
St. Johnsbury.
William Nunn's family have al
been sick with influenza.
Miss Sadie Powers and Fred Sim
onds of st. Johnsbury Center visited
friends in town last week.
Mrs! William Somers has been sicl
with bad cold and Mr.. Somers i
not very well.
Mrs. T. A. Carlson has been sick.
The snow rollers were out on Their
first trip Saturday which is quite 2
different record from last winter.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10
Valuable Books Found.

In moving Thiel college library at
Greenvllle, Pa. to another building
many rare and almost priceless books
Of Latin and Greek text were found.
One book was printed by Eel at Co
logne In 1913. Virgil's Aeneid was
printed In 1501 and one in 1903. 4
history Of Rome. printed by Andrew
weicher in 1856 at Frankfort and q
German religious work. printed in
1854, are in a good state Of preserya-
don. Among the other volumes is an
irrn-hqund Bible.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10
SOY BEANS GOOD FOR SHEEP
In Feeding Trials at Wisconsin statios,
Produced Larger Gains for Given
@ssss Amount of Feed.

prepared by the United States Depart
lnent OF Agriculture.)
IN feeding trials with sheep at the
Wisconsin station, soy beans produced
larger gains for a given amount Of feed
and a heavier clip of wool. In one ex-
pertinent two lots of ten lambs each
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10
VERMONT NEWS

john P. Barrett, son of Mrs. Mar
garet Barrett of Arlington, died in
France on Oct. 20, according to in
formation recently received. He en-
listed at Columbus, o., in the 18th
infantry band, was with the unit on
the Mexican border and went over
seas in June, 1917, with the 18th in
fantry band. being band master at
The time of his death. While living in
Rutland the young man was at differ.
ant times member of the st. Peters
orchestra, the Rutland high school or
chestra and the Rutland city band.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1919-01-10
HORSE REQUIRES MUCH GRAIN
Necessary for Animal to Maintain
Weight anF Spiris and Perform
Maximum Of Work.

In order to perform tine maximum
Of work and still maintain his weight
aid snisi. the horse should receive a
comparatively large allowance OF cas-
lIy digesfed grain and a correspond
ingly small proportion of palatai,ie
roughage.-