davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-09-28

TT is curious that the apple. as we
know that fruit. should be con-
nected in the minds OF men with
the forbidden fruit. The apple has
played a large role in the history of
the world. but by scholars there is
said to be no reason to believe that
the apple OF Eden was the fruit that
we call by that name.
A number OF varieties and species
of fruits have been called apples which
are not apples at all. One authority
has pointed out that the word "apple,"
like the French word "pomme," its
equivalent. as In ''pomme de terre'
for potato and "pomme damour" for
tomato, not to mention the Latin word
''pomum," is largely and loosely en-
ployed for a great number Of different
products OF nature. The golden ap-
pies Of the Hesperides may have been
oranges, but even that is conjecture.
It Is certain that many fruits hav-
ing the word "apple" as a part of
their name are not apples in any other
sense than that they are varieties OF
fruit or vegetable. Some are edible
and some are not. They DO not belong
to the apple family and have not even
tho remotest relationship. For en-.
The sun., 1919-09-28
The Story Of the Apple

there Is a difference between some va
rieties Of apples which are bred and
cultivated especially for the produce
ton of cider, just as there is a differ
ence between table grapes" and wine
grapes"
The culture OF the apple has come
to occupy a large measure OF the
time of American orchardists and po-
mologists, and in some sections OF the
United States its culture and harvest
ing and sale have been commercial
lied in such an efficient way as to
yield profits that have set farmers in
all parts OF the country to thinking on
this subject. The apple appetite of
the people OF the United States Is being
stimulated by the effective advertising
and alluring exhibits OF the fruit At
the time OF the outbreak Of the great
war heavy shipments of American ap-
pies were being made to Europe. One
variety OF the American apple, and
that grown in the East. gained favor
In England a good many years ago
because of the preference for 1t ex-
pressed by. Queen Victoria, and big
shipments OF these apples were made
every year. That apple is tho Abe
marie pippin. However, II Is the
Western apple grower. and more
especially the apple grower OF the
north Pacific coast. who was really de-
veloping a wide foreign market fol
American apples.
The sun., 1919-09-28

ample, there are the "custard apple"
the May apple, the mandrake apple,
the devils apple. the egg apple, the
rose apple, the star apple, the pine
apple and the apples of Sodom.
Elderly persons can recall that the
tomato was generally termed the love
apple" in this country, and nobody but
a maker of names would associate the
real apple with the tomato. The thorn
apple, with its prickly seed pod. is
nothing but the seed pod OF the jim
son weed. There are the cedar apple,
which Is an excrescence upon the juni-
per tree; the oak apple, which is pro-
duced by a parasite that attaches
Itself to oak trees, and the monkey
apple, the scientific name of which Is
"clausia fiava,"
1t Is recalled that the peach, which
Is supposed to be of Persian origin,
was called, long after its introduction
into western Europe, the Persian
apple. There Is even variety OF the
wild lime which belongs to the large
and interesting citrus family. yet
which is, and long. has been, familiarly
called Adams apple" From this II
might appear that Eve handed Adam
a lemon instead OF a pippin. Even
this formidable array OF false apples
does not exhaust the list, for there is
the ''apple Of CAIN" or -Arbutus
undeo." There also are the alligator
apple, the golden apple Of Bengal and
The sun., 1919-09-28

the elephant apple, or the wood apple.
And the list might be still longer.
IT. has been established to the
evident satisfaction of some writer's
that the apple of discord," with
which the name of Paris has long
been associated in classical lore, was
rot an apple in the present meaning
Of the word.
The wild apple, or the crab apple,
has been known in Europe and Asia
from remote times, and It is believed
that the ancients developed It into an
edible and fairly palatable fruit, for
the Romans introduced into Britain a
variety OF the apple which was
superior to the native wild apples the
inhabitants of Albion had previously
known. The evolution of the apple
has employed the thought and effort
Of many great men. There are hum
dreds of we'll known varieties In the
United States./
The Dutch and the French were
early In the field as cultivators and
adapters OF the apple, and many OF
the British varieties which were
planted in the American colonies were
of Dutch and French descent. The
apple is divided into three main
classes. -eating apples" which the
English call dessert apple; cooking
apples" which they call Kitchen APP
ples." and "cidsr apples" or course,
most apples will produce cider. but
The sun., 1919-09-28

citation. in his lifetime he loved it
all, It's woods and fields. the shores of
Long Island Sound. the flowers and
the birds. He loved the outdoor life
and he wanted others to love and
share and benefit by IT. During his
lifetime, in fact, he endeavored to OBJ
tain an outdoor park for his friends
and neighbors at Oyster Bay. but did
not live to see the accomplishment OF
his wish.
with his passing a wider signifi-
canoe will be given to this cherished
aim of his. The creation of a park
will give his fellow citizens opportunity
for rest and recreation and upbuilding
of mind and body; the inclusion of his
home, with its fields and woodlands,
its furnishings, Its libraries and tro-
piles and gifts from all over the world
will make 1t particularly a spot asso-
ciated with his memory and a Mecca
for all Americans"
The sun., 1919-09-28

every way the aim will be to suggest
the virile personality Of the man who
was first, last and all the time an
American.
Mr.. Litchfield, the achitect Of the
Roosevelt Memorial Park, is the man
who designed the new post office at
Denver Col, and the James ]. Hill
Reference Library at st. Paul, Mimi.
Mr.. Hill personally selected him to de-
sign the library building. The monu-
ment to President Mckinley at Column
bus, Ohio, was also designed by him.
One Of his most important commits
sions In recent years was the designing
of the new armory building for the
National Guard in the District OF Co
lumbia, which is to be erected, on the
Mall at Washington.
Oyster Bays old Fight.
1t is interesting, in view of the pres
emit movement, to recall the fight that
was made several years ago by some
of the citizens of Oyster Bay for a
park-a fight that resulted in failure
but which aroused the interest of Col
Roosevelt, who did what he could at
that time to arouse the enthusiasm OF
his fellow townsmen over the project.
"For years the townspeople declined
to take any action to secure the just
rights which a few of them had In
| frequently enjoyed" wrote Col. Roose-
Welt during the winter of 1918 in de-
scribing this unsuccessful battle for
the park: Then the selfish misconduct
of one or two property owners who
sought to deny all proper access to
their beaches reused feeling winch
manifested itself in a foolish and
vicious effort-at one time mob ef-
fort-to destroy the docks and thereby
prevent the property owners them
selves from having any means Of &C
cess to their sailboats. The motive
seemed to be less to secure their OWL
rights than to interfere with those OF
whom they were Jealous. Recourse &c
the law finally settled the right OF the
The sun., 1919-09-28

elms are the most beautiful trees for
the park It would be an excellent idea
to call upon the farmers of Long ISL
and and Connecticut to donate speci-
men elm trees to the association. Mr..
Litchfield has pointed out the feast
bility of carting and transplanting
elm trees sixty feet in height.
The site of the proposed park is of
great natural beauty. The ensemble
effect would be somewhat similar to
the beautiful park at Versailles, where
the peace conference was held, but IT
will be typically American in spirit and
conception. There will be no attempt
on the part of the architect to initiate
the Versailles scheme. The proposed
lagoon will look like a diamond set in
green jade, and, through a fringe OF
elm trees the spectator will get a
glimpse OF the Roosevelt Forum. Over
all will wave the Stars and Stripes
that the Colonel loved so well. In
The sun., 1919-09-28

park ,rouId hare come. tThese italics
are Col. Roosevelt's.] These men had
felt vaguely jealous of the richer prop
erty owners near the water and had
sympathized with the movement to In
terfere with them; but they were not
willing to incur the small expense
necessary in order to establish such
collective ownership of a portion Of
the waterfront as would enable them
to enjoy their rights along 1t.
Now the people who thus voted
were my friends and neighbors-good
people In all the ordinary relations Of
life. The trouble was that they had
not developed the look ahead power
very few of us have developed 1t TO
the Cegree that assuredly will be
The sun., 1919-09-28
at SYCAMORE HILL.

ideals which it is not only duty but
a privilege to follow. A memorial to
this man will not so much honor him
as honor America and the citizens who
raise it to him. A contribution to the
Roosevelt memorial will be in the
highest sense a pledge Of devotion to
ideal citizenship"
The Associations Officers.
The officers of the Roosevelt Me-
mortal Association include men and
women of national reputation, friends
and associates of Roosevelt from all
sections of the country and from all
walks of life. Heading the list. as
honorary presidents, are ex-President
William Howard Taft and Charles d.
Hughes, former Governor Of New
York. Two United States Senators
are among the honorary vice-presi-
dents-Henry Cabot Lodge of Massa-
chusetts and Hiram w. Johnson OF
| California. William Loeb, Jr.. who was
secretary to President Roosevelt dur
| ing his two terms, is active vioe-presd-
dent, and Albert H Wiggin, chairman
of the board of directors Of the Chase
| National Bank, New York, Is treasurer
On the executive committee are two
Governors, James p. Goodrich OF In
diana and R Livingston Beeckman
of Rhode Island; T. Coleman du Pont.
George Harvey, editor OF HurpeTs
Weekly; VIII Fl. Hays OF Indiana.
Mrs. Medill Mccormick. wife OF the
United States Senator from Illinois;
Clifford Pinchot. SIyhu Root Henry La
stimson, Luke r. Wright and Major
Gen. Leonard Wood.
The general committee is a roseaF
of the names of men and women OF
prominence In variety OF professions,
all bound to Col. Roosevelt by ties OF
close personal friendship and inti-
mateIy associated with him In one or
moro of the many fields in which his
observation-disclosures made him an en-
thusiastic worker.
The association is strictly non-parc-
san, for its purpose is to honor tho
memory OF Theodore Roosevelt, the
man, citizen and patriot. AS Elihu
Root said in his eloquent address be-
fore the Century Association shortly
after the Colonels death:
Theodore Roosevelt can never be
forgotten by the men OF his time, and
his memory can never be forgotten
by the historians who come In the
future 10 estimate the forces effective
in what now appears to be period
OF vital change in the life OF civiliza-
ton"
The sun., 1919-09-28

well off than to do something that
would be distasteful and Injurious to
those who were better Off,
The Roosevelt Memorial Association
feels that no memorial that has SO far
been suggested would be mere appro-
pirate than the conversion of these
forty acres of naturally beautiful land
into the park that Roosevelt had long
ago set his heart upon. The long
stretch OF beach and the bathing
pavilion, together with the athletic
field, will give the late Colonel's fellow
townsmen an ideal outdoor spot for
recreation, and will also by reason of
the Roosevelt Forum and the beauti-
full promenade and flagpole be a place
The sun., 1919-09-28

courts, bathing beach and pavilion. the
theatre, a great fiagpole $50 feet high
and beautiful promenade, arched by
elm trees, in the centre of which will
be lagoon.
The idea OF William Loeb, Jr., chair
man Of the Roosevelt Memorial Com
mittee at Oyster Bay. and other men,
oers OF the committee, Is to have
park that will provide in the best and
most healthful way amusement facilities
ior the country at large: a park that
WI have an individuality and atmos-
phere suggestive OF the life and spirit
OF Roosevelt. The Colonel was a prac-
- neal man who combined artistic ideas
with common sense execution, and the
roosevelt Memorial Association does
not want'a park that would not have
met with the approval OF the Colonel
nimself. AS a matter of fact Col.
Roosevelt himself very much desired
such park at Oyster Bay and pub
UGLY expressed his views on the sub
bet
How the Park VIII Look.
The general appearance OF the
roosevelt Memorial Park as 1t will
nhaiiy look is described thus by Mr..
Ltchfeld:
On the axis OF the main approach,
.tanding out In Arm silhouette against
he background Of the bay and the dis
~nt hills Of Centre Island, should be
great fiagpole with a monumental
uase. which will be forever reminiscent
Oh the Colonel's intense love for the
american flag. At the end Of the la
soon there should be a fountain. and
oeyond 1t a long approach from the
west between thickly planted native
american shrubs and low growing
uees; laurel. wild honeysuckle, dog.
wood. beech and ash forming a dens
uark foliages in contrast to the grave
walks the reflection OF the sky In tn,
lagoon and the bright deep blue OF tn,
bay itself" -
IL has also been suggested to tn,
\ roosevelt Memorial Association that a.
The sun., 1919-09-28
Architect in Oyster
Bay Project Com
bines Practical and
Artistic Idea al S
Typical of Col
onel's Spirit and
Teachings
DIGNIF1ED open air theatre,

DIGNIFIED open air theatre, !
II to be known as the Roosevelt
4 \ Forum, built along the lines of |
A Greek amphitheatre and utilized as
A non partisan meeting place by patri-
otto Americans for the discussion OF
grave problems affecting the future OF
this country. is one of the features of
the proposed park at Oyster Bay. The
plans already have been approved by
the Roosevelt Memorial Association.
Electus D. Litchfield. architect, who
designed the monument to President
Mckinley at Columbus, Ohio. and who
has executed other important commits
sions, has been engaged by the Roose-
welt Memorial Committee at Oyster
Bay to carry out these plans for the
memorial park. Mr.. Litchfield lives at
oyster Bay and was a neighbor OF
Col Roosevelt. Therefore he is ia
miliar with the park site.
Mr.. Litchfield thinks forum such
as has been suggested for the park
would have met with the appreciation
Of the Colonel himself. Members OF
the Roosevelt Memorial Association
also feel that such a forum could be
made most useful in our national life
in carrying out in a useful and vital
way the ideals and teachings Of Theo-
dOre Roosevelt.
Mr.. Litchaeld's Vision.
AT the head of the auditorium"
saws Mr.. Lichfield in describing his
plans for the park, there would be a
rostruu, having its west front built
somewhat in the form of a Greek the
atre and providing a stage upon which
may be seated the performers at open
air concerts for the people. Within
It's walls l had hoped there might be
Q reception room and a small hall.
somewhat in the nature Of a Supreme
Court room in the Capitol at Washing
ton, where would be gathered from
time to time once every two or three
years. or two or three times a year,
as in the opinion of the trustees of the
Roosevelt Forum the occasion may re-
quire. few of the great men of the
country, who shall there discuss before
the whole nation the grave questions
that will affect conditions in this coun-
try as result of the wars aftermath
This beautiful park to the memory
Of great American will embrace
about forty acres and titles to the
property have been examined and sur
veys made. When completed this
park will have an athletic field. tennis
The sun., 1919-09-28

necessary in this country. Therefore
they unconsciously played into the
hands. first, of those few property
owners who selfishly and arrogantly
ignored the rights of others, and after
ward of the few poor men whose ac-
tions were dictated primarily by a
kind of malevolent jealousy, who cared
far less to benefit those who were not
The sun., 1919-09-28
2oosevefs Americanism Reflected Plans for Memorial Par
Forum for Patriots,
Athletic Fiel d.
Ba thing Be a CHI.
Beautiful Prone
made and Lagoon
Figure Among the
Main Features

mortal at Washington and the epdow-
ment for the perpetuation Of his
ideals.
"Col. Roosevelt was the greatest
American of his generation. He blazed
the trail which this nation must travel
Unselfish and sincere in purpose, un-
swerving in seeking the right and
following it, definite and direct In ac-
ton, with his theory OF personal re-
sponsibility for wrongdoing and his
creed of the square deal for all, no
gave q lifetime of devoted public
service which must stand as an in
spiration to the youth of this land for
all time. Ardently American, believing
profoundly that only through fullest
acceptance of Americas privileges and
responsibilities could the people of this
country realize their highest well being
and fulfil their obligations to them
selves and to humanity, he set UP
The sun., 1919-09-28

from all sections OF America who loved
the things for which Theodore Roose-
welt stood during his useful lifetime.
Especially fitting for memorial to
Roosevelt as a man and as lover of
nature is the scene Of his ideally
happy home life at Oyster Bay" says
Col. William Boyce Thompson, presi-
dent of the Roosevelt Memorial Assoc
The sun., 1919-09-28

miles away from the water. who owns
small property and is therefore a
small taxpayer. After voting I found
that our two votes had neutralized
each other; he voted against the park;
and the park proposition was beaten
~ the Uotes of the smaller Taxpayers
tcho ltved inland and from among
tChom the chief benefcidries of the
The sun., 1919-09-28

property owners to their docks and
their duty to keep openings in the
docks so that the clammers and the
rare wayfarers along the beach would
not be interfered with.
But this did not help those farmers
or villagers who occasionally wished to
come to the beach for bathing or boat
ing. A few public spirited persons
therefore started a movement for
park, with long stretch of beach, on
which public and private lighthouses
and lighthouses could be erected. Vari-
Gus well to do persons, none Of whom
would ever have used the park, agreed
to furnish half the money If the town
would furnish the other half. 1t was
voted on at the next election.
Their Votes Paired.
II rode down to the polls with a
friend, a hired mana good. upright,
hard working citizen. who lives some
The sun., 1919-09-28

The Roosevelt Memorial Association
has been formed to provide memorials
in accordance with the plans of the
national committee, which will include
the erection of a suitable monumental
memorial at Washington; the acquir-
ing, developing and maintaining of the
park at Oyster Bay, which may ulti-
mately include Sycamore Hill. to be
preserved like Mount Vernon and the
Lincoln home at Springfield; the es-
adjustment and endowment of an in
corporated society to promote the de-
velopment and application OF the poll
cies and ideals of Theodore Roosevelt
for the benefit of the American people.
1t is the desire of the Roosevelt Me-
mortal Association to raise by popular
subscription the sum of 100000 for
a memorial fund to be used In carry
ing out these plans. AS Col. Thomp-
son recently pointed out, the plans are
completed for the park, but the asso-
citation is proceeding very carefully
before taking any sort of definite ac-
ton regarding the proposed monu-
ment at Washington and the estab-
lishment OF the society to carry on the
Roosevelt ideas and ideals. These will
take time and patience.
No Drive for Funds.
at is not our purpose" says Col.
Thompson, 'to have a so-called in
tensive solicitation or drive for funds,
as has been suggested, but that funds
be received from those who may vol
UNFAIRLY wish to give. beginning at
once and continuing for u period to
| be fixed by the association; that the
anniversary of the birth OF Col Roose-
| welt October 30 be celebrated with
memorial meetings as planned and the
Roosevelt spirit in the country there
by intensified for the nations welfare (;
| that the state organizations be COM
pleted in detail. Just as planned, and
that the association, with It's commit
tees. continue vigorously In its efforts,
through tho receipt of suggestions and
/ otherwise, to study and develop the
nature of the memorial at Washing
ton, and the best method to insure the
fulflment OF that phase OF the me-
mortal which will have TO do with
promulgating the ideals for which
Roosevelt stood. BY this method we
will have all the force Of a live, con-
tinuing memorial association: we will
be able to provide Immediately for the
park at Oyster Bay and Immediately
set definitely into motion the machin-
cry for the accomplishment as soon
as practicable OF the monumental me-
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18
The Markets
The General List

Save for the activity and strength of
shares of the international Mercantile
Marine Company, in which both the
common and preferred issues advanced
more than points, the stock market
saturday had more quiet tone than
1T has shown in the past two weeks.
Prices were firm, with increasing
strength and activity shown in the
railroad group. Such strength doubt
less reflects in a measure the meeting
OF Congress on Monday, and the ex-
pectation, fostered by rumors of the
contents Of the Presidents message to
be read Tuesday. that that body would
take pthe solution of the railroad
problem almost Immediately. The first
step is expected to be the appropria-
tion of s75O,0O0,0OO or $1,000, 900 900
for the revolving fund" put over from
the last session. Sales totalled three
quarters of million shares, compared
with more than & million in the Satur-
day preceding
New-York tribune., 1919-05-18
Bank Clearings.-Bank clearings yes
The Dollar in Foreign Exchange

Pronounced weakness in French anc
Italian exchange an da sagging ten
dency in rate on London were &C
cepted by the local exchange market
during the past week as indicative OF
the need of new credits for those coun.
tries in order to Offset partially. al
least, the large trade balances that
have been rolled up in favor of the
United States
Credits arranged months ago for
France, Italy and England have been
ABOUT exhausted, andn while small ad
vances have been made since bv the
United States Treasury these advances
have by no means been adequate to
MAINTAIN exchange rates with those
countries on an even keel
1he delay in the signing of the
peace treaty is holding up the negotia-
tions for private credits as the Amer
lcan bankers are not disposed to ex-
tend credits until they can know what
the financial, economic and political
status of theh several countries seek
ing funds, will be under the new neace
AT least three important credits have
oeen under negotiation, an industrial
credit of $100,0OO,OOO to France: one of
S2o,0OO,0O0 to Finland, and another Of
Szo'ooO,o0o for Czecho- Slovakia. Neeo-
tlatlons for these credits have beon
suspended pending the signing of tho
peace.
The break in French exchange last
week carried the rate down to $40
francs to the dollar, the lowest in
the history of the modern EXCHANGES
mis- represented decline from around
o.oo IN the course of fortnight. Ital-
ian went to around 800 lire to the dol
lar, a new low for this movement
compared with a recent "pee" rate
OF $50. Sterling dropped about three
cents IN the pound during the week.
Neutral exchanges were easier also.
Inc American Relief Administration
winch IS handling exchange dea)incs
between this country and Germany. Po-
lard, Finland and Czecho- -Slovakia
liked rates last week. The rate for
German exchange was 1864 marks to
the dollar, against the normal rate
OF slightly more than four marks TO
the dollar. At 1854 marks to the dol
lar the mark is worth around EIGHT
apiece, compared with normal
eXcnange value of twenty-three cents
II you calculate the cost of the dol
lar IN terms of foreign money at cur
len. eXchange value-that is, il you
were buying dollars with pounds
marks or francs-its value at the ciose
OF last week, as compared with vear
ago, would be about as follows: