davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

accorded to any group of the other seven
eighths, who entrust themselves to their
public manufactures, is a riddle"
lie Temps" Analysing the occupa-
tional statistics Of France, tries to show
that if the small freehold farmers are
grouped, as they should be, with the
employing 'class," and the number of
farmhands is added to that of the in
dustrial workers the' proportion of en-
ployers and employed is something like
eight and nine millions. Moreover, a
nation cannot be grouped strictly along
occupational lines. There are the mill
ions of wives, mothers, daughters, sis
ters, all Of whom have earned, through
their heroic sufferings and sacrifices dur
ing the war, special claims on national
consideration. What if they also should
demand professional representation"
at the peace table? There are in France
1872 millions Of men as against 1872
millions of women; 20 millions of rural
population as against II millions of city
inhabitants; 80 millions of people in the
mother country and 81 millions in the
colonies. Each Of these opposed groups
have their distinct sets Of opposed in
terests. To recognize the particularistic
claim Of one group would involve the
logical necessity Of recognizing that Of
all others, ole Temps" argues, and con-
cludes:
unconstitutional government is created
just in order to integrate centrifugal
claims and reconcile divergent interests Of
all the citizens, to exercise q sovereign ar
bitraton above them. A government that
would be weak enough to rcnounce on this
point its permanent and essential pre-
negatives, be it even temporarily and par
tally, would not only court its own down
fall but it would also inflict an irrepara-
bic loss free institutions and open
the road to all possible disorders"
In the mean time the attention of in
ternational labor circles is by no means
monopolized by the proceedings at Paris
and Versailles. Organized labor, or,
more correctly, socialistic labor, will
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

Britain minds are occupied chiefly with
the readjustment of political forces ne
cessitated by the recent general cleo
ticns. The overwhelming victory of the
coalition backing Lloyd George did not
surprise the leaders of British wage
earners, although the crushing defeat Of
Labor's pacifist wing was unexpected.
On the other hand, the elections, al
though not realizing in full Labor's ex-
pectation of one hundred seats in the
Commons, have elevated the party into
the rank of the second greatest group in
the lower house, as the Asquith Liber-
ais, prior to the elections the official op-
position to the government, have been
scattered to the winds. Said an Asso-
ciated Press dispatch from London:
"The English Labor party has decided to
accept the responsible position of official
opposition to the government. This is
landmark in English Parliamentary history
"The Labor party's position the largest
body outside of the coalition has entitled
it to this distinction, and its leaders Will
take their seats on the front opposition
bench Though the Labor party has this
numerical advantage, there are numerous
Liberals in the coalition, and the total num-
Der of Liberal members of Parliament is
we'll in excess of the total number of Labor
members"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19
Asquifh Yields TO.
New Opposition

1t is not uninteresting to note that the
seats on the front bench of the Oppose
ton, until recently occupied by the Right
Hon. II. H. Asquith, former Prime Min
lister, and his impressive guard of lieu
tenants, will now be assigned to men who
not so long ago were plain members of
the working class. A report from Lon
don states that:
"1'he leader of the new opposition VIII
be William Adamson, representing West
Fife, who worked as a miner for twenty
seven years. He has strongly supported
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

Lady Rhondda,'in her memorial. set forth
the following claims on behalf of her
sex:
Women claim unrestricted liberty to be
engaged in any industrial employment and
ON any operation whatever provided only
mat they receive the same pay as men
do Tor equal output. They claim the op-
portunity of being trained in the most
efficient way, and particularly the provi
sion of women instructors on work in
which women have proved more successful
IMAM men IN realizing women's difficulties
ana helplng them to efficient working. They
claim the same opportunities as men for
promotion to forewomen and charge hands
and the general direction Of industry. ful1
ana adequate representation on govern
ment committees and all public bodies tho
same facilities of education in schools and
universities that Will enable them to quail
~ equally with men in all suitable trades
ana professions. In the interest of all
workers ankle they await anxiously some
moro definite Information as to the pre-
cautions by which industrial fatigue NAV
be reduced to its economical minimum and
the hours and conditions of recreation cor
respondingly extended"
In his reply the Prime Minister ex
pressed the hope that it may be possible
to give women all possible scope for ON
ploymcnt without giving any grievance
to the trade unions. According to him,
such opposition as there has been to wo
mems employment has arisen, not from
British trade union leaders. but from
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

nelds OF Kinder, Kitchen and kirche.
The industrial councillors of Frank
fort-on-the-1lain and Wiesbaden admit,
according to the Times" that
"In Frankfort among Ops persons
under the observation Of the police des
m9urs IS were female factory en-
ployes
mattresses and barmaids in Germany
work for nominal wage, sometimes
10 wages al all There are more than
10000 Of them, and one-fourth are under
twenty years of age. a few years ago q
Berlin insurance fund placed it On record
that mattresses made up one-haif OF those
Of its members yenercally afflicted
"The salaries paid to theatrical artists are
almost unbelievable In 1914 the directors
of the Court Theatre in Hanover paid their
women dancers ten shillings a month. At
Inc Court Theatre in Eisenach the emolu-
ment OF the leading lady fer six months
season is hfteen shillings per month";
According to one German authority,
DR.. Ivan Block:
The insutliciency of the German woman
remuneration drives her to seek
accessory earnings from vicious sources.
It is well known that employers
of female labor throughout Germany
reckon on this fact in drawing up their
pay lists. j."
While another states that a complaints
from respectable girl about her salary
is apt to bring this reply from her enc
ployer:
"Why should you need any salary at
all? You are pretty girl."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19
A Second Edition
Of Stockholm

The gathering at Lausanne was first
advertised as a meeting of world labor
1t appears, however, that in reality it
will be nothing but the second edition of
the famous Stockholm conference Of the
Socialist Internationale. A special cable
from London reports to The New York
Tribune that:
"Camille Huysmans, secretary of the In
tcrnational Socialist Bureau, is to be gen
cral secretary of the Socialist labor con-
ference being summoned by Arthur Hen
derson, NJ. Vanderveldo and NJ. Thomas
"This seems to make clear what many
have long suspected. This congress. which,
on the surface, is meeting of world labor,
viii be nothing less than a meeting of the
old Socialist lnternaticnale.
"This view is supported by the report
that the credentials of the Socialist dele
gates to the congress to be passed upon
by the International Socialist Bureau,
which, in reality, is the executive of the
Socialist Internationalc. This is the world
Socialist organization, which broke down
at the outbreak of the war and which later
staged big meeting in Stockholm.
at is highly probable that Samuel Com
pcrs, president of the American Federation
Of Labor, and his colleagues suspected some
such project as this back of the whole
plan. Among those on this side who knew
what was going on it caused no surprise
when it was learned that Mr. Gompers de-
clned to attend anything except purely
trade union congress-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

However, it would be a gross mistake
to assume that this meeting of the So
cialist International will furnish en- easy
plotting ground for Bolshevik agents.
AS matter Of fact, it is very likely that
the Russian BolsheviIi will not be rep
resented at the congress at all, and that
their sympathizers will be fought BIT
terly by the majority element. Says a
Tribune spondent:
emil Vandervelde, the chairman, has
been one of the stanchest of the European
loyal Socialists. He has been a member of
the Belgian Cabinet since the outbreak of
the war. Hjalmar Branting, of Stockholm,
perhaps the most powerful figure in Euro
pean socialism, will oppose Bolshevism
throughout.
Colonel William Thorne, one of the
British delegates, was noted for his loyal
support of the war under all circumstances.
Even Huysmans, though sympathetic with
the extremists during the war, will desert
them on all issues involving Bolshevsm.
"The great point of interest is who will
represent Russia at the congress. Invi-
lutonary party and the Social Democratic
party. but it is uncertain whether the
Bolshcviki will be asked to attend They
were invited to the Inter-Allied Socialist
Congress last February, but refused to at
tend because the conference was not in
tcrnati0nal."
The Tribune correspondent quotes
Camille Huysmans as saying that, al
though the Belgian Socialist party has
authorized its delegates to attend the
meeting Of the International Socialist
Bureau, to meet Inter-Allied delegates,
it has not yet authorized their meeting
with German delegates.
While these preparations are being
made by the labor and Socialist leaders
Of the Allied countries to resume inter
national relationships interrupted by the
war, the task Of organizing for after
war conditions, both in the political and
economic field, is being carried on with
in the nations themselves. In Great
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19
You mustn' t whistle herel Don t
you know it's most disturbing?"
From The London Euening NeaUs.
EMoBILIzATION has become a

~ EMOBILIZATION has become a
flaming issue in England. In
many places the army has broken
into almost open instruction through
the anger of the men over the delay in
releasing them from service. After
demonstrations at Fokestone and Dover,
followed by one at Brighton, the soldiers
at camps near London planned march
of protest to the Prime Minister'S house
at 10 Downing Street. A cable dispatch
to "The New York World' relates
CAT the Osterley Camp, near London, the
men of the Army Service Corps refused to
parade as usual and Communicated num-
Der of motor lorries with which they in
tended invading the principal streets of the
metropolis en- route to Whitehall and the
Premer's house, at 10 Downing Street.
clearing what was being planned, sew
eral officers removed the magnetos from
some Of the lorries, but the men were able
to commander a number of Others al
though eventually only three reached their
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

kept on such trivial work when, if thew
really were skilled, their services were
wanted most urgently for work that
none but experienced men could do.
The same discrimination has appar
emily been shown in industries such as
aircraft manufacture, in which even the
men who claimed to exclude women as
novices had themselves TO be trained
before becoming reasonably efficient.
In some cases the opposition has taken
more insidious form. The employment
OF women has been accepted subject to
their receiving equal pay for equal
work. a stipulation which, while per
fcctly just in itself, has often been
wrongly interpreted as meaning that q
woman should receive the same money
for a days work, even when through in
terror physical strength or skill, she cam
not produce the same output Put into
practical terms, this formula has TINS
ollen meant that a woman's employment
IS limited to those firms who will pay
her more for an article than they would
pay man. This false INTERPRETATION
OF the formula may como to mean her
exclusion from the work In the long RIM.
When women ask for equal pay for
equal work" the wage conditions that
women desire are equal pay for equal
output
Realizing that the imperfect tolcra-
ton extended to English women during
the war is in danger of being withdrawn
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

stopped at the discretion Of a local board
employees.
Correspondence has recently passed
between the British Prime Minister and
Lady Rhondda, president Of the Wo-
mems Industrial League, regarding the
future of women's industrial employ
ment. The object Of the league is to Sc
cure "equal opportunities for employ
ment in all occupations suitable for wo-
men" 1t was Lloyd George who, as
Minister Of Munitions, in 1915, brought
thousands of English women into indus
tries from which they had been excluded.
In memorial addressed to the Prime
Minister, Lady Rhondda asked the re-
moYal Of artificial restrictions on the
employment of women in industries, both
as measure of justice to the sex and
IN the interest Of national industrial
efficiency
According to Lady Rhondda women
have not been admitted in many shops.
This is violation of the agreement be-
tween Lloyd George and the trade
unions, which made the employment of
women on war work, during the period
Of the war legally compulsory In spite
OF TINS, however, in old-fashioncd indus
tries, such AS metal working and wire
drawing, women have been prevented
from doing work that child fresh from
school rnnI6 ho,t
large numbers Of skilled men have been
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

as unfair to the interests both of en-
ployers and employed that wages should
be undercut by sex competition. But
subject to these conditions, the freer the
competition between men and women in
the industrial world the better.
In a tentative effort to cope with the
present female labor conditions in Eng
land, woman's branch of the Demobil-
ization and Resettlement Department of
the department Of Labor has been or
ganized and woman's trade union ad-
visory committee has been formed. The
nucleus Of the latter is the committee
which advised the Ministry of NUM-
tons during the war. Representatives
Of nominations industries in which
women take part are to be included.
subcommittee have been appointed to
deal with such questions as the return
of domestic servants to work under CON
ditions more in accordance with the pres
ent industrial outlook; the training of
women for new industries or for such
occupations as were classified in the
pre-war period as womens work, and
the training of war brides and wives of
soldiers and sailors in housewifery and
infant welfare.
If the industrial situation for Eng
lish women, however, is far from ideal,
much more drastic reform is needed to
bring about a change in the conditions
of female labor in tho land WHARF ,,yor,o,,
have for centuries been relegated to the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

followers whose actions they have not
always been able to control He prom
ised women better representation in the
work Of reconstruction, stated that in
his opinion the future organization of
British industry will not tolerate differ
entlaton against sex as such, and al
legged that the chief test must be the
relative efficiency of the work done.
The "London Times" which published
this correspondence in full, commenting
on Lloyd Georges letter, says:
"The chief test we say, but not the only
one. Women freely admit the prior claims
of men who have been discharged from the
army or have taught women to act as sub
sttutcs for men at the front, doing work
that they could not do There is no ques-
ton Of women being allowed to GUST men
from Jobs that they would have kept but
for their absence at the war; nor
would any patriotic woman ask for that,
however Jealous she might be for the
rights Of her sex. Similarly, there is no
question of women being allowed to under
cut the wages Of men. The principle is
equal wages for equal output-not equal
hours, which, as Lady Rhondda points out,
may be very different matter in employ
ments where women, through inferior
strength and skill, cannot work as fast
rs men"
The "Times" thinks that some meas
uro of protection for those who have
had to leave their jobs to go to war is
only right and fair. 1t also considers
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19
Policy of the
British Labor Party

The writer analyses this assumption
of the possibility and desirability of an
idealized capitalistic system, and con-
cludes that whereas the assumption is
far from being unassailable, the British
Labor party, in its present constitution,
will be neither inclined nor able to deg
stroy it and substitute a different cong
ception of industrial order This, how
ever does not mean that the efforts Of
the Labor party VIII be condemned to
futility.
Something positive is still possible, " the
writer says. Let Us suppose that the gov
ernment goes on its way preparing to in
crease production and to stabilize the wage
system. The practical policy Of the Labor
party with its present ideas is to direct its
efforts, first, to insuring that the right kind
of production shall be increased; second, TO
insuring that wages shall actually share
proportionately in the Increase, and. third.
toward preparing i'm the meanwhile for the
possible breakdown of the whole capitalist
system. Here is q policy large enough and
practical enough to keep the Labor party
usefully occupied both politically and in
dustrially."
Only by pursuing such policy, the
writer declares, will the Labor party be-
come a responsible and constructive
party, factor in industrial organiza-
ton and education For otherwise, the
writer asks, "how viii the Labor party
differ from the mad Bolshevists who
imagine that all they have to do IS TO
destroy the existing system and then to
see the new order spring up like a
phoenix from the ashes"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

mobilization should follow seniority in ser
vice abroad during the war, instead of the
so-called contract system of men returning
where jobs are awaiting them. 1t is I'M
doubtedly true that widespread requests
for the return of former employees to bust
nesses which are being crippled by lack of
men have aggravated the situation''
Associated Press dispatches report
that:
"There has been a good deal of dissatis-
faction, particularly among the men of the
Army Service Corps who were transferred
from other units, the corps to which
they are now assigned will be the last to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

war according to "The London Evening
Standard":
"Our men are furious at the Americans
being demobilized so quickly when they
have not borne half the burden of the war,
and are still more furious because they
read in the newspapers of Germans who
were informed being let out and given
jobs.'
Another cause of dissatisfaction has
been the method of demoblization, which
has followed the Essential industry"
plan. "The Evening Standard" adds:
"In many quarters it is urged that de-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19
Delegates Disappointing
To Labor Leaders

THAT more speedy consideration of
such questions will be undertaken by rep
resentatives of the various powers now
gathering in Paris is suggested by the an
nouncement of the arrival there of Bernard
Baruch and Medill Mccormick as mem
bers of the economic branch of the Ameri-
can Peace Commission and by the depart
ure from New York for Europe of Samuel
Gompers.
"The object of the latter is said to be to
found new International Federation of
Labor, having its basis in the trade union
movements of the various countries. Mr..
Gompers is quoted as having made the
statement that organized labor in America
was sending representative to Europe to
watch the council at Versailles where
questions of the greatest import to mill
ions of people will be discussed and set
tied"
1t was the expectation that organized
labor in all the Allied countries would
be given special representation at the
peace conference itself, and the fact that
no labor delegate has been included in
any of the Allied peace commissions has
caused general disappointment, Mr..
Wickersham says.
Il have thought, from the moment that
the list was promulgated, that President
Wilson had make a capital mistake in not
including Mr.. Gompers among the delegates
to the peace conference. Mr.. Gompers quite
truly says that the laborers of the world
arc asserting the right to be heard and to
be consulted concerning laws and treaties
that affect vitality their daily lives
The interest Of labor Will be repre-
sented at an international labor confer
ence to be held at Paris simultaneously
with the official proceedings at Versailles.
Samuel Gompers, president of the Amer
lean Federation of Labor, before sailing
from New York to attend the conference.
accompanied by an American delegation
of five, declared:
American workers, by their unfinching
support of the principles of democracy, by
their inspiring loyalty to the government
and the nation, by their sacrifices and toll.
have earned the right to be heard in mat
ters affecting their welfare The howitzers
and the mortars that were fired from the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

destination because of shortage of petrol.
"Staff officers accompanied the men in
one motor lorry it returned to the Os-
terley camp after having obtained it is
said promise that there would be no pun
lshment for the demonstration and fur
Their promise of immediate consideration
of the cases Of all the men whose release
from the army is justified"
One Of the reasons for dissatisfaction
IS the belief Of the soldiers that the
American army is being dcmobilized so
much more rapidly after having seen less
than half the period Of service in the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-19

have a peace conference of its own at
Lausanne, Switzerland, where the bodies
affiliated with the international Social
ist Bureau are preparing to send their
delegates. Camille Huysmans, score
tary of the bureau, will be general sec
rotary Of the convention, which was
summoned by Arthur Henderson, Albert
Thomas and Emile Vandervede, leaders
of British, French and Belgian labor,
respectively