davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-05
Two German Perils Clear.

But there were two German perlls
dimly perceived at first, but ultimate
" fully grasped, the peril inherent
in the German design to reach the
Golden Horn and the Persian gun
and the German menace expressed
in the treaty of Brest-Eitovsk. which
reduced Russia to anarchy, tore from
the Slav mass all the border races
and strove to erect each of these bor-
der peoples into a state presumptlVe-
ly independent, but actually depend
ent upon Germany alike Tor political
and economic existence. L1thuanfa.
Poland, the Ukraine. these were three
of the states which were to be as
subservient to Germany as the old
confederation of the Rhine was to Ma
poleon. and through them Germany
was to be able to enter Russia when
she chose.
It is therefore essential to erect
between fallen and anarchic Russia
and Germany a barrier, behind which
Russia can regain her health with
out German molestation. If the mil
lions of Russians ever come under
complete German control a new out
break of German world ambition will
infallibly bring on another struggle.
and with Russian millions Germany
will make a new bid for world power
like that of the recent years, when
she had at her command the millions
of Slavs and Latins, as well as the
Germans, of the Hapsburg dominions.
A permanent. peaceful organization
of Europe demands a barrier along
the Vistuia, as well as or the Danube
and on the Transylvanian Highlands.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-05
LABOR Discomfort
IS WARNED AGAINST
Wages Must Be Adjusted to
Living Costs, Prof.
Fisher Says.
MUCH YET TO BE DONE

Unless employers of labor are sufti-
GENTLY farsighted to satisfy the
demands of their men for advances in
wages to meet the living costs, dis
content on the part of the workers is
liable to eliminate in strikes as a
means Of forcing matters.
This is the opinion of Prof. Irving
Fisher, department of political econ
omy. Yale University, expressed in a
report on. adjusting wages to the cost
of living, in the monthly labor review
just published by the bureau of labor
statistics of the Department of Labor
Much Yet to Be Done.
Various remedies have been at
tempted to meet the situation, Prof.
Fisher writes, some on the initiative
of the employers, some as the result
of disputes. But to prevent disturb
ances and satisfactorily to adjust
matters here is much to be done. he
contends.
when prices in general are rapidly
riSing," Prof. Fisher reports. whether
the excuse be imitation OF money and
credit or real scarcity of goods. or
anything else, wages usually lag be-
hind. Even when special influences
exist tending to raise wages, such as
depletion of the labor supply by the
draft or a new demand for labor for
war purposes. there is no such close
correspondence as ought to exist be-
tween changes in the prices of what
the workingman buys. on the one
hand, and changes in the wages by
which he buys, on the other"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-05
MOTOR TRUCKS TO HELP
REDUCE COST OF LIVING

Continued from First Page. J
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-05
Danger in Lowering Wages.

Prof. Fisher declares that employers
realize the danger Of causing discon-
tent by an unexplained reduction of
wages. He says reductions will
nevertheless in many cases be inevi-
table, but he suggests that they be
made automatically.
He points out in this connection
that strikes and discomfort On the
part of employees of industries now
under government control are plainly
dangerous. and says devices which
would tend to create loyalty and con-
tent. are therefore increasingly inn
portant, this being imperative with
the present increase of the govern
ment undertakings.
After the first great upheaval of
prices felt in this country" Prof.
Fisher said, since the war broke out
in Europe. namely. the upheaval of
1s15-16, several banks. trust COM
panies and commercial and industrial
establishments made special Christ
mas presents to their employees to
compensate partially for the reduced
purchasing power of their salaries
for the preceding year. the presents
aries. Some companies, which let
Christ mas go by, later followed the
precedent set by giving special per-
centage bonuses in the spring of 1917.
Adjustments by Bonuses.
Most of these attempted adjust
ments were by rule OF thumb" he
continued. Thus. one trust company
of Albany added 10 per cent to the
salaries for April. 1916, to April, 1917.
The Westinghouse Lamp Company
voted an increase of 81-3 per cent
| at the close of 1916. because of the
advancing cost of living The Doeh-
Ter Die Casting Company of Brooklyn
voted to give all the employees who
had been working for a year or more
dividend of 10 per cent OF their
yearly wages every time regular divi-
bends were declared after January 1,
1917. The Tide Water Oil Company
similarly announced that on account
of the high cost of living IL per cent
of the earnings in the year would be
paid to all employees receiving less
than $4,000 a year. These are only
a few of the many firms which used
| the custom of Christmas bonuses to
make a more explicit recognition of
! the ILL OF the high cost of living"
Prof. Fisher, in conclusion. cited
numerous other methods Of handling
wage adjustments of large industries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-05
Elements of Reconstruction.

The other elements of the economic
situation can be summed up in a
single sentence: They are problems to
be solved much later. There is abso-
lutely no other answer. official or from
enlightened public opinion. that can
be given here and now to questions
asked from America. Among them are
such problems as these: Reconstruc-
ton of entire industrial regions whose
cities are today not unlike Pompeii
and their once fertile farms Ike
Rocky mountain badlands: framing
the estimates of property destroyed
and time and money required for re-
building: determining the extent to
which the United States Will be called
on for material and financial aid; set
ting how far Germany will be able TO
make good in replacing property de-
stroyed. To such questions no use
full answer can be made at present in
French financial circles.
As to corresponding questions con-
corning developments in the United
States after the war. a like answer
has to be given. What does Paris ak
pect will happen to your war indus
tries or to your foreign trade? What
of the future in the American politi-
cal. financial and industrial position?
Regarding all these things. French
men, with their attention violently
drawn elsewhere. have framed no
present conception. The most capable
among them have never grasped
American politics. but all of them.
after what has passed. have unlimited
confidence in American finance. They
remain curious to know whether and
10 what extent the Americans Will ~
last prove themselves able to profit by
the brilliant industrial opportunity now
opening before them.
Copyright. 1878 New York Evening Post, 1se-es
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-05
BY FRANK H. sIMoNDs.

WO weeks ago in my Sunday
article l discussed the trans
formation of southeastern
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-05
Two PoIands Loom Up.


There are many Polands. and the
first step must be to examine them in
the Tight of present conditions. The
which extended from the Dyina to
the Oder and from the Baltic to the
Carpathians, country larger than
any contemporary European nation
save Russia. This Poland for n brief
time even touched the Black sea. but
early withdrew to the middle Dniester
and Dnieper. This was the Poland
for the first partition in 1872. but it
Has7not a Poland of Poles merely. On
all the fringes of this vast country
We're alien subjects, Lithuanians.
White Russians, Ruthenians and Ru-
manians on the east and south. Ger
mans on the west By contrast with
Jfifs Poland of history, there is the
Poland of fact, in the main, but not
quite the Poland of the last partition
ia 1895. This is the true Poland of
The Poles and includes the whole of
Russian Poland. the western half of
Austrian Galicia and all or portions
0f the German provinces of Posen,
and West Prussia and Silesia. Ac-
tually the Poles are in a minority in
all provinces save Posen, although
constituting a majority in many sub
divisions. In this area dwell some
2e,0e0,0O0 of Poles, 100000 in old
Russian territory, 5.000.000 in Aus
man..
For themselves the Poles claim all
OF this region, so far as IL is Polish,
that Is except in certain United areas
where the German and Slay can be
easily separated without injuring the
larger solidarity of the new Polish
: state. But in addition they lay claim
10 outlying districts in which there
is strong Polish minority. Thus
Polish and Lithuanian claims conflict
in Grodno and Wilma. Ruthenian and
Polish in Cholm and eastern Galicia
where Lemberg. the capital, is a Pol
jsh city in Ruthenian region. Al
Brest-Litovsk the cession of ChoIm to
The Ruthenians-that is, to the
Ukraine. led TO violent Polish pro-
test while we have recently seer
fighting for LeEoerg. Again, the
Poles claim large regions east of the
Bug, as far as Minsk, in which the
population is White Russian, but has
So far as one can say. shown no op.
position to incorporation with the
Poles.
II is the dream of the Poles that the
lithuanians will seek a new fedora
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-05

gray tide of destruction and
rapine had once cast its bloody
spume over Belgium, and had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-01-05
New Poland as Barrier.

eighteenth century, and 1t survived
An the shape of the Grand Duchy of
Warsaw until the congress of Vienna.
Today there are at least 10000. 900
Polish kingdom. and fhese people
have preserved vivid memory of
their old glory and possess a keen
and compelling desire to become citt-
gems of new Poland.
At the outset OF the present war
both the central powers and Russia
recognized the necessity of making
temporary concessions to the Poles.
but both made them with no honest
intent to fulfill them. After Russia S
defeat Germany did organize Polish
state out of the Russian districts be-
longing to the old kingdom of Poland,
but she never for moment consid-
cred .ceding to this state her own
Polish districts. Instead she looked
forward to a future acquisition of
more Polish territory at the expense
Of the Poland she had permitted a
Enstria consent to surrender her
Pp1es, but urged the alternative
Imposition that Russian Poland be
56fued to Austria Galicia to make
Polish state. which should be an in
teEral portion of the Hapsburg mon
archy, with something like the status
OF Hungary.
With the collapse of Russia and the
defeat of the central powers the
Polish problem passed to the western
nations for settlement. 1t is now for
the Versailles conference to draw the
frontiers of the new nation, since
Germany and Russia cannot longer
resist hte cession to the new state
ofcItheir own Polish regions, while
Austria has ceased to exist. Recog
MIXING that it is essential for the flu
ture 4 safety of Europe that there
L. IbnIu
now . consider the elements in the
problem.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-03-21
CROSSING THE ATLANTIC.

For years the passage OF the ATTAIN
t.- in The air has been 4 dream. 1t has
p, Il contemplated by dirigihle and
-uGre recent enthusiasts have express
od confidence in negotiating the dis
.lge uy flying machines. Thus far
she preparations that were made to
carry o"' Ile d'ilDitioC'S u.'''ol TN
nave come u llou9ii-' pul III We" VI
..' ,.'''' "ct Wlll'H 'i'IS oee.i i'l''oe III
A- t'slophel'' ana oplIa'lo,I 81 az
.-5 ID mas Sol 10 d POM "ilefe ies3
'''''l - '- le""s'' as ~ oi.s 7uo''''A ii
outcome. HOW soon 1t VIII be accom-
'!lsh.a no nam can gay, II may be d
matter OF ,aoA'hS ana u may "e ohIE
% ir1-.et o. d-'S7. "uI lheFe are reasons
10 HeA'te ih;'I IL Is nearer 'llah II ever
was before.
IuDG&A ioIS lights nave beea mace
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-03-21

Il know l have SCOT on my left
cheek, agreed the lady whose hus-
band is away from home. II appre-
ciate your kindness in notifying me
of the fact, but it is unnecessary, be-
cause if SCOT isn't in that place it is
on nv right cheek or the tip of my
nose.
Il can't imagine who invented soft
coal; or houses. People who live in
flats are exempt from worry about
furnaces. An American child brought
I'D in apartments has the idea that
heat is generated and distributed by
turning a stopcock in the radiator.
He would not know a furnace from a
canal in Mars.
sT am speaking solely about the
medieval unfortunates who still re-
side in houses and who know if they
have anything more than ten below
in their abode during the winter they
have got to suffer for it. They say
the more trouble anything makes you
the fonder of it you grow, but some
how | don't seem to have my emo
tons under control. l never was
more certain of anything than that
I did not love our furnace.
81 have become intimately ac-
quainted with it since James went
away, and l must say Ia rather care
for twins with the measles or q reg
iment of broken legs. Until my hus-
bands departure my association with
furnace was restricted to murmur-
ing James, please see to the furnace;
the house is getting cold Just as
casual as that! James retired to tbs
basement and l paid no heed to what
he might go through. To be sure,
would carelessly note at times that
he climbed upstairs again appearing
ruffled nd disheveled and growing
deep in his throat, but ! thought
that was because he was mn.
l even built the first fire thi:
winter because cur man OF all work
who comes to shovel ashes twice {
week was i'll. l had built bonfireS
and gratefres, and I proceeded on tn,
same plan with that furnace, open
ing all the drafts and leaving it tt
| get a good start. May I state tina
| it was soft coal | was using.
In the midst of drning a sock
srnelled fire. ] took the stairs at {
| jump. The temeprature of the base
ment was 315 tho furnace was Whit
| hot, the pipes were red and the fir
was roaring as though it though il
| self a forest conflag grafton. I die
not know that soft coal makes up it.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-03-21
PRESTON CITY.

Guy Underwood. who served with
the A. Z. F. in France. has returned
home. He was wounded in his right
hand ~ the explosion of an enemy
shell that killed several of his com
rades in the battle of the Argonre
forest. Clark Underwood, Guy Under
woods brother. has also come home
from indianapolis, where he under
went = ~arious operation in the City
hospital.
Charles Geistadt is building a fine
two story house on the East road, and
it is nearing completion. Lyman Nye
IS building a house on the North road
en- the property he purchased from
Mrs. John Boswell.
The saWmill which has been put up
in Mr. HolloweiI8 woods is in full OPP
Grafton and some fine lumber is being
carried through the village
There has been no service for two
consecutive Sundays in the Baptist
church on account Of the storm. and
the apporLionment money of $12G must
be raised by next Sunday. The Sun
day school viii render an interesting
program saturday eve:ung March 22d
Ioh5c who pledged 10 earn money for
the apportionment will tell how they
did il. Light refreshments viii Ac
served after the EXERCISES.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-03-21
UNDER A PAIL

mind in a hurry and accomplishes re-
suits Immediately.
era bling a shovelful of coal to
smother the furious blaze, | opened
the door and got ten pounds OF SCOT
in my face.
All the rest of the day and night I
practically held the hand of that
furnace, doped it, blanketed it coax
ed it and crooned to it. If l left it
lcr d minute l would get to worrying.
For all l knew, that unrestrained and
numbering fire might seize the chance
and Chamber out and go roaming
around the basement, or else it might
pass away and l would have tile
whole performance to do over again.
Il think it was hardest to endure
when it sulked, because it always
gulped SCOT at me when opened the
door and stared reproachfully 1t it.
Il got up three times in the night
and travelled two flights of stairs to
the basement because I was positive
the house was going to burn down.
Each time the fire was nearly out
and l had to shovel in more coal
open the hampers, wait for it to burn
up partly shut the dampers and then
smoke anyhow.
ANY spot in the house you touched
after three days was jet black. / aban-
doned washing my hands. If / had to
be a coal HEAVIER, l might as well be
resigned, and anyhow I did not expect
to live very long, because running up
and down stairs at fifteen minute in
tervals and shoveling tons of coal
were making me topple on my found
ations.
Il queried among my sooty faced
friends, but every one was having too
many troubles of his own to pay at
tention to me. Then my laundress,
who knows everything, settled the
matter. She said if I'd put a shovel
fdl of ashes over the coal it would
| keep for thousand years, and it does,
/ and my life =, saved. only | have ashes
now in addition to the SCOT on me.
| I'm surprised you didn't notice them
! The ashes prefer my ears and eve
! brows, and I'm relieved, because I'm
getting kind of attached to the SCOT
on my face. It's easy to divide people
this winter-those with tolerably clean
| faces live in flats. and the extra sooty
ones are the unfortunate house dwell
ers. You don't want to buy a house, dc
you?"
No" said the other woman, my
| goodness, no."-Chicago News.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-03-21

is now promulgated, and ny the time
thai stuff is a. all toler3hIe tc anybody
but the very young. it viii be unshacb-
ed
London is having its windows clean
od, The mar with the sunshine
barrow" as he called It himself, was
deserved in the Chaplain. road yes
terday.
There are thousands Of rindows in
London simply shrie,ling for a clea . IT
The present moment" he said as he
settled the !3ng ladder comfortably III
the handcart and whislled q polishing
ras round an empty pail. THE man
who stayed at home had 10 do the job
when he joined the army and he did
not ike il. and he did not do it if he
could help u Some OF our women
! t3i2z tried to carry on while we were
away. but somehow or otIler I never
! thought ii Was suitable work for
| them. And anyway there we're thous-
aTdS OF windows, and not many pro-
| fos"iou8l cIeaTers-and lets Of the wo-
men who were ready to tackle the work
were tied up at home with babies and
s.lch like
lis. time the windows were clean
lol,-clearcG properly, mean. They've
Got 10 mucn Va dust on them, and
t'.eople can't 500 out Of thcn. # YOU
TX ne its mad something 10 do witt
! 'j}is Unrest. People can't see
straight. Now we've come back W.
a2:fi nCiish ~ tho windows clear
away the CRIME of var, a-.G let in the
reace sunshine. and q bit II common
scGsc as welt You MAJ think I'm
lit of a philosopher, with my heat
in the clouds. Iut we shalt rake a. vas
| To- Of difference, I can tel you.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-03-21
EDITORIAL NOTES,
westhernan worked in a change

The weGtherrnan worked in a change
just in time to make it unnecessary to
equip the automobiles with pontoons.
After getting out of the service there
Is nothing that tickles the soldiers,
sailors ana marines more than the $50
bonus
What the housewives would like to
know is what the peace conference is
going 10 DO in regard to the servant
girl problem.
The man on the corner says: Moth
tGg seems more inconsistent than try
ing to wear ones complexion around
undcr one ear.
With all the demands that are being
made on the United States, how thank
ful the other nations must be that
there is such a country.
Instead OF declaring that the Allan
tic is about to be crossed in the air, it
might be safer to claim that the at
tempt is about to be made.
From the way in which some of the
householders are stocking up it is a
fortunate thing that the load is going
into the cellar rather than the gar
ret.
If il took all night to tank up on
| beer in the past, how long will it re-
quire under the two and three-quar-
ters per cent. product that is to be
brewed?
! If, as claimed, German influence is
stirring up trouble in Egypt and get
| ting a grip on things in Argentine
Germany isn't wasting any time re-
| covering.
II is all right for certain Germans to
claim that they will be in Paris in
| 1925, but the only possibility of it will
be that they are there paying indemn-
ity claims.
After struggling with the income tar
report most everybody ought to be able
to figure out how they are going tc
take their proportion of the Victory
loan notes.
II is to be noted that the legal opin.
ion advising the brewers to go ahead
and make beer is based on the brew
ers' assurance that 2.75 per cent. BEEF
is not intoxicating.
With North Attleboro going Iicens,
for the first time in II years, that city
is apparently trying to show its dis.
| approval of Massachusetts, endorse.
ment Of prohibition.
| There couldn't be any exception
taken to that Washington report tina
coal prices had increased about A pei
cent. in the pase six years if it was ex.
planned that Pennsy Yania real esta.,
was included therein.
Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011, 1919-03-21
IN THE DAYS NEWS
POLAND RESTORED.

Restoration of Poland as it stood
before the first partition in 1773 is
provided in the preliminary draft Of
the peace treaty, dispatches state.
The heroic and tragic history of Fo-
land, and its people, IS described in
the following bulletin from the Ma
tional Geographic Society based on a
communication from DR.. Edwin A.
GTosvenor:
The restitution of reunited Pc
land to it's loyal common people will
&c among the worthiest achievements
CT the Allies.
Situated between the upper mill
stone Of Prussia and the neither mill
stone of Russia, and at the same time
subjected to lateral pressure from
A1stro- Hungarian armies the land Of
the Poles during the world war suf-
feTed devastation which exceeds the
| imagination of those who have not
actually witnessed the scenes of ra-
| zine, pillage. conf1agration, and wan
| ton destruction.
Next to the Russians. of whom they
| were long the rivals and foes, the
Poles are numerically the most impor-
tatnt of the Slavs. They first ap-
reared in Great. or North. and Little,
or South. Poland in the teath century,
/ "IAIiC tilCy lotllld oliIe. ttidSlC lllDtS
in possession. The wise policy of
their kings early induced the whole
nation to profess Christianity.
| "Of medium size with round heads
and healthfui faces, the blond more
| cummon than the brunei their ply
| s.fal appearance has apparently
changed little. The working classes
who constitute nine tenths OF the ma
ton. have always been la.'orious. fru-
sal, enduring. temperate rather thar
abstemious, and intensely patrioticl
Those qualities distinguish the thous-
an6s of Poles in the United States
Taeir szlacta. or mobiles, have shown
themselves iInpetuous, brave to rash
ress, chivalrous, insubordinate. emo
t:onal, artistic.
During the formative period Pc
LAND was corso lidated by the dynasty
of the great Lithuanian. ,!agellon, the
Polish Wadisiaus Ia succession Of
princes unsurpassed ia constructive