The Holly chieftain., 1919-10-16


II state SO invited shall refuse to
accept the obligations of membership
in the league for the purpose of such
dispute. and shall resort to war against
q member of the league. the provisions
of article is shall be applicable as
against the state taking such action.
II both parties to the dispute when
SO invited refuse to accept the obliga-
tiOns of membership in the league for
the purposes of such dispute. the coun-
ell may take such measures and make
such recommendations as will prevent
hostilities and will result in the set
tlement of the dispute.
ARTICLE ls.-Every treaty or inter-
national engagement entered into here
after by any member of the league
shall be forthwith registered with the
secretariat and shall as soon AZ pos
sible be published by it. No such treaty
or International engagement shall be
binding until SO registered
ARTICLE lo-The assembly may
from time to time advise the reconsid-
GRAFTON by members of the league of
treaties which have become inapplicable
and the cou0ideration of international
conditions whose continuance might
endanger the peace of the world.
ARTICLE 1o-The members of the
league severally agree that this cove
nant is accepted as abrogating all OBJ
legations or understandings inter Sc
which are Inconsistent with the terms
thereof. and solemnly undertake that
they will not hereafter enter into any
engagements Inconsistent with the
terms thereof.
In case any member of the league
shall, before becoming a member Of
the league. have undertaken any OBJ
legations inconsistent with the terms
of this covenant, 1t shall be the duty Of
such member to take immediate steps
to procure its release from such obli-
cations.
ARTICLE 71.-Nothing in this cove
nant shall be deemed to affect the va
lidity of international engagements.
such as treaties OF arbitration or re-
gional understandings like the Monroe
Doctrine. for securing the maintenance
Of peace.
ARTICLE 22.-To those colonies and
territories which as q consequence OF
the late war have ceased to be under
the sovereignty of the states which
Inhabited by peoples not yet able to
stand by themselves under the strenu-
Gus conditions of the modern world
there should be applied the principle
that the well-being and development
OF such peoples form a sacred trust OF
civilization and that securities for the
performance of this trust should be
embodied in this covenant.
Ths best method of giving practical
effect to this principle is that the tute-
lage of such people should be intrusted
to advanced nations who by reason of
their resources, their experience or
their geographical position can best
undertake this responsibility, and who
are willing to accept 1t, and that this
tutelage should be exercised by them
as mandataries on behalf Of the league.
The character of the mandate must
differ according to the stage of devel-
opment of the people, the geographical
situation Of the territory. Its economic
conditions and other similar circum-
stances.
Certain communities formerly be-
longing to the Turkish empire have
reached stage of development where
their existence as independent nations
can be Professionally recognized subject
to the rendering OF administrative ad-
vice and assistance by mandatory un-
til such time as they are able to stand
alone. The wishes of these communi-
ties must be a principal consideration
In the selection of the mandatory.
Other peoples especially those Of
central Africa, are at such q stage that
the mandatory must be responsible for
the administration of the territory un-
freedom of conscience and religion.
subject only to the maintenance Of pub
lie order and morals, the prohibition Of
abuses such as the slave trade, the
arms trafic and the liquor tranic. and
the prevention of the establishment Of
fortihcations or military and naval
bases and of military training Of the
natives for other than police purposes
and the defense OF territory. and will
also secure equal opportunities for the
trade and commerce OF other members
Of the league.
There are territories. such as South
west Africa and certain of the South
Pacific islands. which, owing to the
sparseness Of their population or their
small size, or their remoteness from
the centers OF civilization, or their geo.
graphical contiguity to the territory
Of the mandatory, and other circum-
stances can be best administered under
the laws Of the mandatary as integral
portions Of its territory. subject to the
safeguards above mentioned in the in
terests Of the indigenous population.
In every case Of mandate the man
datary shall render to the council an
annual report in reference to the ter
ritory committed to its charge.
The degree of authority, control, or
administration to be exercised by the
mandatory shall II not previously
agreed upon by the members Of the
league. be explicitly defined in each
case by the council.
A permanent commission shall be
constituted to receive and examine the
annual reports of the mandataries and
to advise the council on all matters re-
lating to the observance Of the man
dates.