davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
Mv.terv Of Rain Unexplained.

The mysteries OF rain are not yet
cleared away. The forces Of electric
ity, Of magnetism. Of radio activity, Of
ultra violet light and all the other
agencies which may collaborate in the
production of a dOwnpOur Of rain are
very obscure.
We know from Holy Writ that the
wind bloweth where II llsteth. Moth
ing whatever can be more expressive
OF the capriciOus and lawless char
acter OF the wind And wind and rain
come together: and the changes Of
temperature make what we call
weather. In the South Sea Islands the
natives have no word which means
weather as the atmospheric eondi-
lions never change. The vast ma
jority of human beings are In contrast
and amending conflict with the wealth
er. Hence the universal interest In
its causes, whether the noise and the
smoke of battle fields or the ashes
from volcanoes or from the changes
Of temperature produced by vast con
aagrations.' such as are witnessed
when a city Is consumed In flames
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
RESPECTED HONE OF MORGAN
Fedsrals and confederatss Both Re-
trained From Damaging Hours
81 RevolutIonary Soldier.

A subscriber who was interested IN
the CompanIon's Account Of the re-
spect shown to Mount Vernon during
the Civil war has called to our atten-
ton TO another historic place that 10
eelved similar respect and protection
the home OF Gen. Daniel Morgan, OF
Revolutionary fame.
During the summer Of 1872. says
our friend. / was visiting In the Shen-
andoah valley, and In going from
ShepherdstOwn TO Harper's Ferry
passed a little village called Morgan's
Grove. My attention was attracted to
q large, two-story stone house. which
discovered to be the old home OF
Gen. Daniel Morgan. the commander
OF the famous Morgan Rife Corps"
At that house Col Morgan organized
his famous regiment Of riaemen and
marched to Boston, q distance Of six
hundred miles, to Join Washington's
army. TIE men were dressed IN deer
skin coats and coOnskin caps and were
armed with those lOng-barreled rines
that they used with such telling eject
In the battles OF the Revolution. At
the battle Of Saratoga, when Burgoyne
asked why the officers Of his army
who were killed had been shot In the
head, he was Informed that II was the
Morgan rifiemen who were respona-
BILE. He remarked that It was Of no
use to fight with such an army and
that he might as well surrender.
The old stone house at 4organs
Grove stood unmolested during the
Civil war. Both Confederate and Fed
eral soldiers held 1t In almost sacred
reverence. Eariy's men and Sheri-
dams swept past It on their raids in
the valley. Jet the home Of the Nor
gans continued to stand as q noble
monument to the memory Of the great
general who helped to gain our indie
ENTHUSIASTICALLY Companion.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
POVERTY IN SOUTH AMERICA
Appalling Conditions Under Which
Many Have to Exist In Latin
American Countries.

Consider for a moment the eondl-
lions under which thousands upon
thousands of Latin Americans live
Out In the country they can get fresh
air. But In the city they 1--we with one
window and a door. Seventy-hve per
cent Of the houses have no baths and
% per cent have no water facilities.
Eight to ten families use the same
faucet and toilet In the open court.
Men, women and children live In the
same room, without ventilation.
Now, IL Is bad enough for men and
women to live so, but II Is worse thai
children should grow up without any
memories Of a pleasant home. Yet
there are thousands OF children to
whom the necessaries and the deeeR-
cIes of life are unknown and to whom
home" means an old freight car.
Many Mexican girls marry at thir-
teen and have ten or eleven children
by the time they are twenty-six. The
men are employed at seasonal Jobs In
the sugar-beet fields, on the railroads,
In the mines, harvesting beans. In
orange and lemon orchards and doing
construction work. Drunkenness Is
common. Babies are born into a world
which has no clothes for them and
shirts and Oyeralls are lacking for the
older children. Ignorance and super
stitiOn abOund.-world Outlook.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
Via Iceland.

The desire that centuries ago made
men look to the North for closer con-
neetIon between the eastern and west
ern hemispheres may soon be realized
by the shipment OF Canadian grain
from Port Nelson, in Hudson bay, to
Rekjavic, Iceland, there to be stored
in warehouses for tfans-shipment to
Europe. The ancient Ieelandic capi-
tai. dating back to the coming OF the
Mortimer In the ninth century, win
thus become an important link In the
international commerce. Hudson bay
is unfrozen during about five months.
and the grain, once stored at Rekjavic.
where navigation Is practically always
open with Europe. can be forwarded
as needed. The plan shortens the rail-
way haul Of grain moving from the
new to the old world by about a thou
sand miles; and the grain ships cross
ing the bay viii travel q twentieth
century version Of the new route for
commerce which the old navigator,
Henry Hudson. was seeking in the
early seventeenth.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
Daniel Webstsr.

The pcnderous strength Of his pow
ers strikes us not more forcibly than
the broad individuality Of the man.
We're we unacquainted with the his
tory Of his life, we could almost Infer
1t from his works. q Everything In his
production indicates the character OF
a person who has struggled hercely
against obstacles, who has developed
his faculties by strenuous labor, who
has been q keen and active observer
Of man and nature. and who has been
disciplined in the affairs Of the world.
There is a manly simplicity and clear
ness in his mind, and a rugged energy
in his feelings, which preserve him
from all the Alterations Of literature
and society. We never consider
him as q mere debater, mere scholar.
or a mere statesman; but as a strong.
sturdy man. The school and the COZ
Iege could net fashion him into any
foreign shape. because they worked
on material too hard to Yield easily
to Conventional molds. - Edwin 2.
Whipple.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
Youth and Purposs.

II Is not youth alone that thinks II
.knows Il almost of Us older peO-
Dle could With distinct advantage take
our A BIS over again. How differently
we would map out our lives and how
much less censorious we would be OF
the failures and gaucheries Of others
Statistics prove that most Of our own
suffering and the suffering Of the
world Is the outcome Of ignorance,
bearing in its wake eOneeit and stub
bOrnness--a triology that balks prog
ress In every form.
Education along right lines Is our
salvation. Then let us be patient and
soIIcItous for the young people All
over the land who ere weaving bright
dreams Of purpOse-after commence
ment.-New York Evening Telegram.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12

The miller at the old windmill Of q
village Buckinghamshlre one year
found such difficulty In getting his
sails 70 work through want OF wind
that he was continually behind with
his work. The delay annoyed the
farmers. who decided to call a meet
ing to consider the ACCESSIBILITY OF get
ting up another windmill. UNLIMITED.
the miller also attended the meeting.
and In the midst OF the discussion rose
and said: ~Ye want to get up another
windmill. do yer Well, II takes all
the wind in the parish to keep my old
milI agoin'. 30 you'll have to hsh else
where for yer wind. that's sartin r
This novel argument gave matters the
turn, End TO this day the miller has
had no oppOsition.-san Francisco
Argonaut.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
ORIGIN OF FAMOUS DISHES
Sally Lunn, Who Gave Her Name V
Tea Sread, Was Real Person
aae-MulllaataWney.

Sally Lunn was q pastry cook who
at the end Of 1900 used to sell the tea
bread which bears her name In the
streets Of Bath. Stray Stories uOn-
DOM says.
Sandwich is called after the earl Of
Sandwich.
Mulligatawney Is derived from an
East Indian word meaning pepper
water.
MaearonI originated from q Greek
phrase meaning "the blessed dead"
In allusion to the ancient custom Of
eating It at feasts for departed souls.
GOOseberry-fool Is corruption Of
gOOseberry "foule," meaning milled or
pressed gooseberTies-
Forcemeat comes from the French
farce" meat. "arce" Is stufhng.
thus is forcemeat used for stufing.
Blanc-mange means literally white
eatable."
Julienne soup was invented by q
Nine. Deschamps. a Paris market
woman who died about 1897, aged
ninety-four. She saw the allies enter
Paris after Waterloo and supplied veg
estables to the Tuileries during the
reign Of Charles X and Napoleon III.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
A Mountain Camp.

1 have spent one perfect night on
mOuntainside. Others were lovely
enough. but this one was the pure
idyIIic mOOnshIne. the dream come
true. We made a good sim run
through the day. Late in the after
noon we left Santa Fe to climb the
Glorieta pass through a country Of
rolling red hills. thick with cedar,
broken by cliffs and mesas, and cut
by the deep gorge Of little stream.
We scanned the elearings with an
eager eye. At last we found the thing
we sought.
1t was the ruins of the first church
built on American soil by the Spanish
fathers. Away back In 1450 Coronado
found here the thriving village which
encouraged him to pursue the con-
quest Of the new world. and here
commenced the civilization which I'm
gers unchanged in the back country
today.-John Breck in Kansas City
Star.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
CRATER IMMENSE m SIZE
Extinct Volcsno Of HaIsaEcaIa. IN IA
NzIlan lslands. Is one 81 the
Worries Wonders

The Hawaiian islands possess an
extinct volcano 50 Immense that a
large city could be set down inside
the crater. It Is nlnety-seyen miles
around the face q .HaleakaIa. twenty
miles around the crater waIIS and
10000 feet TO the top. The crest was
ages ago blasted dut to a depth OF
5000 feet and fiung aside In a series
Of eruptionS strewing the mountain
with powders, lava and ash.
Within the crater thus formed. q
great cone and q number of smaller
ones can be seen. It is no far down to
the floor OF the crater that a bowler
pushed ID seems to fan in empty
space. The crash Of its landing Is
never heard.
The view from the crater OF Mt.
Haleakala Is accounted one Of the
most wonderful In the world. The
green fields Of the island and the blue
Pacific are spread out before the OBJ
server like a mighty map.
At 1000 feet above sea level natur-
81 phenomena seem strangely differ-
ent. The stars look larger and bright
er; the moons path Is more clearly
defined, and its rays give a stronger
light than they do at a low altitude.
At dawn 4 procession Of clouds rolls
swiftly past like q foaming river tor
rent thousands Of feet below. Then
the rising sun tints clouds and crater
with steadily deepening colors until
II is broad daylight and the clouds
fade into mist.
Standing by the crater Of Haleakaln
az sunrise you perhaps recall the old
Hawaiian myth which goes back to
the beginning Of things. At that time
says the story. the god Maui imprison-
ed the sun In the hollow Of the vol
cano and made him promise to give
light and heat to the islands. From
this ancient myth comes the name OF
the volcano. Haleakala, house Of the
sun.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
4n,v. Ken John Peelf"

asome songs are immortal. and Dye
Ken John PeelT Is one Of them The
lifting tune Of 1t was infectious on tn
fields of France, and many a British
soldier learned the words. too, for the
FIRST time. The history Of the song,
about which tbere have been many ex-
cited arguments. can now be definitely
settled. for at SOtheby's, recently, the
original manuscripts Of John Wood
eock Graves words. and Ut William
Metcalfe, the Carlisle cathedral sing
as music. were offered for sale. " says
ne London Telegraph.
@T declare that 1 never thought my
sslf more than a hedgerow rhyner TN
4 vas called out as the author OF
s1oln Peel" Graves said
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
NheD Korsa Was Great.

History for many years 3. C. tells
rs that the people Of Korea were
among ne highest IN genuine civiliza-
tion. About tie year 1887 a general
BIZ the name of Il built the first iron
feet, composed Of wooden circular
vessels with iron plates On top,
studded with sharp Iron teeth Because
OF the prosperity Of the Korean ma
don. Japan was extremely jealous. and
had therefore brought 100 boats N bat
tie array. However. IA, with his 50
boats, succeeded In Indieting q d,sas-
trous defeat upon the japanese. who
have never forgotten that Well-de-
served lesson given 20 them By q high
y euIfsated. happy ana prosperous
people.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
CRAB HAS STRANGE GROWTH
Process Of Replacing Shell Takes
Place Three Times During
aInfaney" Of Creature.

The crabs equivalent to the internal
bones Of animals Is It's tough outer
shell. which does not grow. The baby
crab Is forced to get rid Of this tough.
connning prisOH. So It breaks itself
loose internally and then splits its old
protecting home across the extreme
back ridge. creeping out in that way.
It Is a very delicate operation to with
draw the terrible claws and other
limbs. as these are bigger at the ex-
IRENE end. but these curious creatures
have the power OF Withdrawing the
blood into the body. and this greatly
reduces the bulk Of the appendages.
When the crab has thus escaped from
his old shell he Is quite soft and forms
dainty meal for his enemies; his pin
GERS, too, are useless. So while his
new outer shell Is hardening he has
to hide in some Granny In the rocks
This new shell would obviously be the
same size as Tor even a trifie smaller
than) the old II the crab merely kept
quiet, as lie Is quite unable TO grow"
when once the shell has hardened
To overcome this dlficulty he swells
himself out by absorbing as much wa
ter as possible, and remains in this
artihcially distended condition TIL the
new shell hardens; then he at once
gets rid Of the useful water and leaves
himself plenty Of room for growth.
The young crab changes its shell In
this way about twenty times during
the first three years Of its life.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
Feat Act Like Suckers.

Hoofed or ungulate animals, such "a
sheep. pigs. eamels and elephants.
have given up using their fore limbs In
a handlike manner. and employ them
solely for progression. Consequently
tree climbing is out Of their line. In
Africa and Syria occur, however. GER
tain Representatives Of the order
known as rock rabbits. or hyrax, the
Syrian species being the one referred
to in the Bible rs the eoney (the old
name OF the rabbit). Certain African
hyraxes have. however. taken to tree
climbing. and the way they manage
II Is this: In each foot the sole Is
somewhat cup shaped. and By the aid
Of muscular action the center can
be more elevated. 50 that when the
edges sre applied to the bark the
foot acts like q sucker.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
snction PIntes on BAD.

Certain bats appear to have found
their hoOklike thumbs and hind feet
insufficient for suspension and have
made use Of the suction principle for
this purpose. This mode Of suspen-
sion has been developed Independently
IN two distinct bats. one a native OF
Brazil and the other Of Madagascar.
In the Brazilian species the suckers
take the form Of staIked discs attach
Cd TO the palms Of the thumbs and the
soIes Of the feet. The suckers Of the
Malagasy species are horseshoe IKE
BY means Of the suckers these bats
are able 70 ascend vertical surfaces
Very curious It IL to note the similar
ity between the suckers Of these bats
and those on the arms Of the cutie
fishes.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
OLD BELIEFS SILL SURVIVE.
o...r Marriages customs md supersll-
ions Extant h Many Parts e
the Old Wori6.

II e an old belief that marriage
.Aorld take place when the moon Is
-sxIpg and not waning. II II Is TO be
. mcky match. and IN many NORTH
country districts strict Inquiry Is
made as TO the state Of the moon be-
fore the wedding day b fixed. accord
inc TO a writer IN London Answers. IN
me north, too. no wise bride WIN ask
an odd number Of guests 20 her wed
ding feast, for an old superstition has
n that II this be done one OF the
NESTS win die before the year b cut.
In the highlands Il Is taken Is a
terribly unfucky sign II dog should
run between the bridal pair on their
wedding day. while In .Derbyshire
prospective brides sun ten the bees
Of their wedding and decorate the
hives for the occasion. In parts Of
England and Scotland there exists an
ancient custom for which reason Is
hard to ind. by which part OF the we'd
ding cake Is broken over the head Of
the bride and the guests scramble for
pieces.
None Of these marriage manners.
however. compare with the Chinese
custom which causes bacon and sugar
to be hung On the sedan chair Of a
Chinese bride. in order TO keep the de-
mons from molestIng her on her we'd
ding journey. he Chinese bride-tO-be.
too, has to stand in a round. shallow
basket while she dresses for the we'd
ding, In order 20 make her Of a coed
temner and aniahIe disposition.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12

me Jews were responsible for the
arvt false boards that were ever worn,
II far as known. They did not wear
them themselves, but they caused the
Fzxptians 70 do 20. TIE Egyptians
~ long some with smooth faces, but
vben TIE Jews came over to stay with
then. the people Of the Eile quickly
sheorbed the ides that bearded man
~ associated with strength. nobility
a. Character and perhaps proWesz So
4 oulekly came shout nat Whenever
ne Eryptians wanted to hold . eeie-
srssion IA which certain persons ysere
- - exalted. the objects q popular
sce1slm wore false bearda
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
TAKE NO JOY IN PRODUCTION
Workers In ouarrles From Which Pa
nous carrara Marble 10 Taken
Lead Dull IiVes-

Carrara marble is associated with
the silent beauty Of great eathedrals
and monuments. There Il none Of
that dignity about the place Of its
origin. The little Italian town Of Car
rara, huddled beside the mountain
quarries for which II exists, Is
place Of confusion and clamor, Of men
and beasts labOring to supply the
world with q commodity.
The Pyrenees mountains have been
supplying this marble. for centuries.
The quarry wOrlmen have for years
toIled, as their ancestors before them
toiled, to keep mp the steady outflow
Of Carrara marble for the hand Of
sculptor and architect, and even to
make possible that ornament beloved
Of our grandmOthers. the marble-top-
ped table.
For CaFrara's laborers, saving and
hammering necessarily. there comes
none OF the artists Joy Of working
WITH a perfect medium In their treGd-
MIL CT hard labor the slabs Of glisten-
Ing stone long ago became as dull and
unlnspiring as 90 much iron or coal
Blocks of perfect marble are dragged
about reckIessly and laden on wagons
behind long strings Of weary oxen
Carrara exists for the, last day OF
the week. Then. clutching its earn
ings so hardly won, IT hastens to the
towns gathering places and for few
intoxicating hours throws on the grip
Of the quarries.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
r...iln.a nIseorarT.s

On June Is. 1872. Benjamin Frank
In @dIscoTereds electricity By demon
rtrafing his theory that lightning end
eleetrsclty were identical. Choosing a
sultry day. when E1enaeing clouds
showed that thunder storm vas i'm
minent, FRANKLIN sent. up kite Of six
- 4 framework Of Iron wire. The
cord vas 81 hemp with . piece Of sax
~ TIE hand end. and above the silk
- rstached an iron key. H'sea the
rtorln broke the string stihened and
-neFs. darted from the key. Again
- arain FRANKLIN drew the spark
r-om he ircn, and thus dcmoaslra-
tss htz fheoEy.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12

William sooy Smith. builder Of the
first aT-steeI bridge In the world and
inventor Of the pneumatic eaisson, was
born in Ohio July p. 1880; graduated
at West Point In 1853; resigned from
the army, but served during the Civil
war, and later became eminent as 9
civil engineer and bridge builder. His
invention Of the pneumatic caissOn
revOlutionised deep-river bridge build
ing, and he was the first one to over
come quicksands in making founda-
tons.
He was also q pioneer In moving big
buildings and IN the construction Of
sky-scrapers. BE was retired from the
army win rank q bFigadier general
and died January II. 1o12-Chieago
Tribune.
The broad ax., 1919-07-12
a.ftInn into : serape.

Rabbits, men. golf and Scotland
eonspired TO produce the expression OF
-rstting into q serape." In that part
Of Great Britain the game wSs first
PLAYED. me rabbits were plentiful!
then as now, they had habit OF
making little holIoWs IN which 30 rest
Whenever Ban stopped In one Of
these scraped-out spots. the player
had a real problem to solve. Finally
the protests became 90 numerous thar
the going societies amended the
ruies and permitted the players 70
take eertBln privileges after getting
INTO ! ncrape.- From that dina with
ths d:fBeulty decreased, TIE zane
nourished
The broad ax., 1919-07-12

But the iniqulty Of oblivion bllndly
sesttersth her poppy. and deals with
the memory az men without distinction
to merit a perpefuity Who can but
pity the founder Of the pyramidsl
HerOstratns lives that burned the
temple Of Diana. he Is almost lost
that buIlt Il; time hath spared ths
epltaph Of Adrian's horse. confOunded
that Of himself. In vain We compute
our felIeities By the advantage o. cur
scod names, since bad have equal du-
ratiOns; and Thersltes Is IKE % i've
as long as Aeamemnon. without he
SAVIOR a he everlasting Feelster.-
sir Thomas Browse
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-10-13
THE HOUSEHOLD
WHERE DO YOU PUT THINGS?

Doesn't it seem as if in some house. holds all the supplies were ngeniously placed as to require the most steps when it came time to use"them, and as if in arranging the pots and pans and cook ing utensils in the kitchen the idea had been to give cook or housewife a sys- tematic course in physical culture every day Such leaning over and stooping and reaching and so many steps to takel No doubt the trouble is in those households that when it comes time to put in place the housewife does not use her ima gina ton. She puts things where there seems to be sutab. space for them regardless of where they will be most convenient when it comes time to use them What she ought to do is first of all to picture to herself where she will be when she wants to use them and then to find the most convenient possible place. or if she has no convenient self or cupboard to see that one is provided at a convenient place. For instance, all the things that she or cook will need in the process of washing dishes should be arranged about the kitchen sink. And they should be sa arranged that the minimum of stopping and reaching is required. There should be a convenient soap dish a place for securing things and for the little box of silver polish that must be used every day on the spoons and forks that become tar nished so that general silver cleaning will be only an occasional event.
 In some houses the place for the kitchen tins and kettles is in the lower part of the kitchen cupboard. This means that some one has to stoop down every time What one of these things is needed and then must stoop down again when they have cleaned and dried. This stoop- ing is unnecessary. Your kitchen cooking things-save those that you use only on rare oceasions-should be placed where you can reach them conveniently from the stove or the cooking table.
 On your kitchen wall you can have a board on which may be screwed row of be hung. Kitchen knives and forks should be placed in. the drawer of the kitchen tab ble' where they will be right at hand when you want to use them. The logical place for things is where they will be most convenient. The logical place for pepper and salt is a place that can be reached when you are cooking, not in some well arranged spice rack that is many steps distant from the place where you cook. Towels should be placed some where near the bathroom and so should all other bathroom supplies In some houses every bedroom has a little supply cupboard where the sheets and pillow ca ses and towels and other supplies that belong to that room are put after each washing. Then when time comes to make the change the beds, to set out fresh towels, it is a matter of a few seconds and only step two.