El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-07-14
STIRRING Defence Of LEAGUE
MARKS TREATY FIGHT OPENING
Senator Swanson Praises Covenant As One of World
Greatest Documents; Foreign Relations Committee
Votes to Ask Wilson For the Secret Facts;
President Defends Shantung Decision


all important matters the action Of
the assembly must be luminous or have
the unanimous concurrence Of the
council upon which the United States
Is permanently represented
Representation Basis Proper.
The league could never be organized
on any basis othsr than that of equal
representation. II members were &C
corded difference in representation,
upon what basis should the appor-
tionment be nader If upon popula-
ticn, China and India would dom
mate the league and The United
States would have only one-fifteeth Of
the number. II based upon wealth and
military power. the situation would
be equally as uncertain and unsaus-
factory.
What better plan for disarma-
ment could be devised2 The council Is
directed TO prepare q general plan OF
disarmament for the consideration OF
the governments, which plan IS not
binding upon any OF the states unless
approved by that state. Under our gov
eminent the proposed plan to De er-
fective in binding US must have the
sanction Of congress. which is en-
trusted under the constitution Win
the power Of raising armies and
equipping the navy
Under article 10, each member OF
the league undertakes. first, TO re-
EnEEL LuE LEEL4AQEla4 Integrity anu Eo-
litical independence Of all other mem
bers Of the league. When the na-
tons of the world, sobered by sorrow
and suffering. are willing to raise
their hands and take this solemn
pledge. are we sullenly and stubborn
" TO stand aside and become a stun
bling block in the way Of this noble
achievement Do any Of them have
possessions that we view with covet-
Gus eyes and propose to seize and
annex2
Internal Affairs Undixturbed.
THE second obligation assumed by
each member is to preserve as against
external aggression the territorial in
tegrity and existing political indie
pendence Of all members Of the league
This is a natural corollary from the
first. II the former we undertake not
TO rob our associates ourselves. and
in this we agree not TO permit others
to do so. This guarantee Of territorial
integrity and political independence
is limited to those cases where they
are threatened or attacked by exter-
nal aggression, and does not apply
10 revolution within \ nation A ma
lions internal affairs are left undis-
turbed- Nationality, with IFS vital
patriotism. would be pre-
served, given new life and opportu-
nifty.
ssThouzhffuI persons recognize
guarantee now. At least for 4 linn
tied period. The peace Of the
world is TO be maintained The
autocracy governments that con-
froled Russia, Germany. Austria
and Turkey have been over
thrown. hut rs yet no real, stable
governments established. Some Of Z
the new states created ont OF this
immense territory without the
guaranty Of the league would be
- he
domination Of their former Op-
preSsOrs.
Hon. Elfhu Root. former secretary
81 state, recognized the great imme-
iiate need Of this article and recon-
nended its acceptance with an amend
nent providing that any member
could. after expiration Of five years
from the signing OF the covenant ter
innate its obligations under this ar
.icle. But under this covenant. the
United States, by giving notice OF
withdrawal from the league. can limit