The sun., 1919-02-16

against the win Of the law Of nations,
but at the Same time each State should
be strong enough to contribute to the
force that will enable tho League Of
Nations to impose its will. There has
been unanimity upon all these points.
There are one or two points upon
which wish particularly to insist be-
cause they are connected with dangers
that may be of special moment to some
Of US. dangers that may arise not equal
for ALL
There are special dangers for coun-
tries like France. Belgium, Serbia and
the new States that are In the stage Of
formation In Central Europe. II is
necessary to give them special guaran-
tees, and this has been recognized by the
committee when It states that special
account should be taken of the geo
graphical situation Of, and the mode OF
application to. each State In tho scale Of
arm8ments. Where the frontiers are
moro exposed It must be possible to
have stronger systems of defence and,
possibly also. greater ornaments.
This is all right, but there Is no
doubt that II will put on the shoulders
OF the nations that happen to be in that
difficult position a special burden. II
will hamper them In the peaceful COM
petition that is the life of the world
And hero again two practical ques-
tons must be put. To give all nations
necessary security the principle OF the
limitation Of ornaments must not only
be executed. but executed very fast.
1t has been said--and no one has said
fnFCAftIllv pra ~ nj
son-that modern war has become a war
of material, that in such a war as the
one we have Just seen. and such as
we hope never to see in the future,
what has triumphed has been science
turned into barbarism.
Must Control War Industries.
Now 1t is necessary for us to con-
troll the war Industries all over the
world. The nations who are tho con-
tracing parties OF the covenant pledge
themselves mutually to communicate to
each other full Information about their
ornaments and their means of produc-
ton. This is very good plan. with
which / am particularly satisfied.
AT the same time I propose an
amendment. which I think I ought TO
mention. I thought II would be neces-
sary to institute permanent organisa-
| ton for purposes OF inspection, and this
amendment was not at the moment en-
bodied In the text. We have accepted
the text rs It Is before you. and we
now mention that amendment. II is
because, as the whole scheme 10 going
to be discussed by the world, II is bet
ter that all the points that have given
| occasion for important observations
| should be mentioned.
Here is a second point. Take a State
| that violates the international covenant
| That State is supposed to be In a state
| Of war against all the members of the
league, and all are prepared to compel
1t to execute its obligations. But war
Is not something that can proceed al
once. especially when the question Ii
how to bring together forces belonging
to States which are very different from
each other and may be at the -four
corners Of the world. Each nation will
have to wait in order to act until q
certain procedure Is gone through and
until for each particular nation a vote
has been taken by it's Parliament. AND
so on. This means time and delay.
| And supposing that there Is on the
part Of the aggressnr q will to pre-
cipitate a situation then we must pro.
vide for the possibility. For this pur.
pose 1t would be desirable to have al
concerted action prepared before thu
occasion arises. This would be the bes
check against any Ill design.
Need for CurbinE AEgressors.
IF the would-be agsressor knows thai
resistance is fully prepared against an,
action such as he contemplated then hs
will be restrained. Where. on the othei
hand. he knows that no such prepare.
ton exists and that sudden action or
his part would encounter no prepared
and we'll thought out resistance per
haps he would not be restrained, and Il
would be extremely dangerous.
"1f you do not wish to see the ter
rible ordeal through which the worlt
has passed renewed in the future W,
ought to have a permanent organiza
ton to prepare the military and nava
means OF execution and make them read
In case of emergency.
This has been objected to by som
Of the members of the committee becaus
II involved some difficult constitutions
problems-s This is why we have a gree
to the text without that amendment
but we think the principle OF that pro
posed amendment ought to be put be
fore public opinion at the same time a
the scheme to which we have agreed.
| nOpo tHdt ITO one, mere q
anywhere in the world, will be mis-
taken about my intention. will no
say. and I have not said. a word tina
could weaken the feeling OF our com
plete and hearty unanimity. We hav
acted with one heart for the trump
of the cause which Is that of our con
} ference. the cause OF right against VIC
lence, the cause Of right against NIGH
We believe that this scheme that
now before US is an excellent one. w
} believe In its virtues and its possfoili
. ties. The observations we have mad
on some points will, we hope. be OF som
value In the further discussions. sine
we are at the beginning Of the examina
ton OF the whole plan.
NOW we must, at the end, express GU
deep gratitude toward our colleagues
and our deep gratitude toward Presiden
Wilson, who presided over our labors 4