Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1919-07-11

: to make peace with the central en- pires and remedy the wrongs their armies had done. The central empires had lived in open violation of many of the very rights for which the war /! had been fought, dominating alien peoples over whom they had no natur- al right to rule, enforcing, not obe. dience, but veritable bondage. ex- plotting those who were weak for the benefit of those who were masters and overlords only by force of arms There could be no peace until the whole order of central Eupore was set right. That meant that new na- tions were to be created-Poland, Czech-Slovakia, Hungary itself.
 No part of ancient Poland had ever in any true sense become a part of Germany, or of Austria, or of Russia, Bohemia was alien in every though and hope to the monarchy of which she had so long been an artificial part {: and the uneasy partnership between Austria and Hungary had been one rather of interest than of kinship or sympathy. The Slavs whom Austria had chosen to force into her empire on the south were kept to ther obe- dence by nothing but fear. Their hearts were kinsmen in the Balkans. i These were all arrangements of power. not arrangement of natural union or association. It was the imperative task of those who would make peace and make it intelligently to establish new order which would rest upon the free choice of peoples rather than upon the arbitary authority of Haps- l burgs or Hohenzollerns.
 Peoples Linked Against Desires. "More than that, great populations bound by sympathy and actual kin to Rumania were also linked against their will to the conglomerate Austro- l Hungarian monarchy or to other alien soverignties, and it was part of the task of peace to make new Rumania as well as a new Slavic state clus, tering about Serbia.
 And no natural frontiers could be found to these new fields of adjust ment and redemption. It was neces- sary to look constantly forward to other related tasks. The German colo nies were to be disposed of. They had not been governed; they had been ex- plotted merely. without thought of the interest or even the ordinary hu- man rights of their inhabitants.
 "The Turkish empire, moreover, had fallen apart, as the Austro- Hungarian had. It had never had any real unity. It had been held together only by pitiless. inhuman force. Its peoples cried aloud for release, for succour from unspeakable distress, for all that the new day hope seemed at 1 last to bring within it's dawn. Peoples hitherto in utter darkness were to be led out into the same light and given at last helping hand. Undeveloped peoples and peoples ready for regoc- gnition, but not yet ready to assume the full possibilities of statehood were to be given adequate guarantees of friendly protection, guidance and assistance.
 Unprecented Opportunity.
 And out of the execution of this great enterprises of liberty sprang op- portunity to attempt what statesman had never found the way before to do; an opportunity to throw safe. guards about the rights of radical, nation and religious minorities by solemn international covenant, an op- portunity limit and regulate military establishments where they were most likely to be mischievous; an opportu- nlty to effect complete and syste- matic lnternationization of waterways and railways which were necessary to the free economc life of more than one national and to clear many of the normal channels of commerce O.: unfair instructions of law or of pri- vilege; and the very welcome opportu nifty to secure for labor the concreted protection of the definite interna- tional pledges of priciple and practice.
 ''These were not tasks which the conference looked about it to find and went out of it's way to perform. They were inseparable from the settlements of peace. They were thrust upon it by circumstances which could not be overlooked. The war had created them. In all quarters of the world old established relationships had been disturbed or broken and affairs were at loose ends, needing to be mended or united again, but could not be made what they were before. They had to be set right by applying some uniform principle of justice or enligh- tened expediency. And they could not be adjusted by merely prescribing in a treaty what should be done. New states were to be set up which could not hope to live through their first period of weakness without assured spirit by the great nations that had constented to their creation and won for the mtheir independence.
 "He governed colonies could not be put in the hands of governments which were to act as trustees for peoples and not as their masters if there was to be no common authority among the nations to which they were to be responsible in the execution of their trusts. Future international conventions with regard to the con- trol of waterways with regard to illicit traffic of many kinds, in arms or in deadly drugs, or with regard to the adjustment of many varying inter-