New Mexico state record. (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1914-19??, 1919-04-25

Prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.)
For increased production Of honey 1t
is moi necessary to have nor bee.
keepers. 1t is necessary only for those
b%eekeepers the country now has to i'm
prove their knowledge Of honey pro-
ductiOn and to devote themselves more
seriously to the care of their bees. say
experts of the United States depart
ment Of agriculture. Statistics show
that the annual average yield Of sur.
plus honey to the colony Is exceedingly
low, and when compared with the AZ
erages Of the better ~beekeepers 1t Is
in~excusably low and indicates unsatis-
factory management due to neglect or
to ignorance.
A casual survey of Bookkeeping prac-
tices makes 1t evident that the greatest
of this low production is lack OF
care during the critical periods Of the
year. Broadly, the Bookkeeping year
may be divided into two distinct
periods-the period of preparation for
the honey flow and the period of the
honey flow. During each the problems
are different and may be clearly de-
fined. Usually there is only n period
of preparation, which begins Mt the
end Of the honey flow in the fall and
lasts until the main honey flow the sue
ceeding year. However, where there
is more than one main honey flow,
there is a period of preparation of
varying length between each one. The
Bookkeeping problem is the same, how
ever. and 1t consists In securing a
colony overlooking with bees ready for
the field when the honey flow starts.
Must Be Ready for Work.
In the North this problem Is called
wintering, and to the average bee
keeper the chief concern is to care
for each colony of bees so that it will
be In condition to pass successfully
through tho winter period. This, how
ever is but a small and easy part OF
the problem. Bringing bees through
the winter will not In itself accom-
pIish the main object of the preparation
period, that of securing a colony over
flowing with bees at the time Of the
honey flow. In a large measure the
strength of the colony is a direct gauge
Of the amount Of surplus secured ana
It Is to the ~beekeeper's advantage to
do everything which will In any way
favor rapid brood rearing during the
two months previous to the main flow.
This means not only that bees must be
wintered, but they must be in such con.
dition in the fall that spring will find
them ready and able to undertake this
tremendous increase In population.
1t will he seen, therefore. that the
preparation of bees for the harvest be-
gins not when winter threatens. but
Immediately after the last main honey
flow and continues to the beginning of
the first main flow the succeeding year.
1t Is imperative that during all this
period each colony have stores In adj
vance Of its needs at all times, room
for brood rearing and protection from
low temperatures and winds. These
things are discussed In the bee publ
cations of the United States depart.
ment of agriculture.
swarming Must Be Stopped.
Toward the beginning of the main
honey flow the problem changes. 1t
is now essential that each colony be
prevented from reducing Its working
force by swarming and that Its instinct
TO store and gather honey be kept
dominant. During the period Of prep
aration, the instincts Of the bees are
in harmony with the desires of the
%beekeeper, but during the swarming
season the instincts Of the bee are
directly opposed to his interests. Any
breaking up of the colony and reduc-
ton of the working force by swarm
ing brings a corresponding reduction
in the amount Of surplus which may
be obtained from that colony. There
fore 1t is to the beekeeper's advantage
to prevent swarming in every possible
way, and IL swarming still occurs. to
care for the swarms so that as much
as possible of the original large work.
ing force may be kept together and
may be kept storing honey.
Space an Essential.
The improper understanding Of these
problems no doubt causes the loss OF
more honey and has more to do with
the low average production than any
other factor. specialists believe. The
study Of these problems is important
for those who wish to keep bees COM
;m~erclally. and much Information may
be obtained concerning them from the
bee publications Of the department Of
agriculture. The usual methods Of
swarm prevention are concerned to q
large extent with the supplying Of
for brood rearing and
room for the storing Of surplus honey.
This is fundamental. Many beekeep-
ers fail to supply enough room for
these purposes. and probably no bee
keeper supplies too much. During the
period of rapid brood rearing, crowded
conditions quickly result If a single
hive body is all that the colony has In