davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22
ADMIRAL kOlCAhk
\ NEW PORTRAIT

needs of this Government remain con-
fused. Having just arrived from Omsk
and coming to the United States as a
culture of the Omsk Government. !
may be able to give some accurate in
formation on this subject.
The Omsk Government consists of
a Council Of Ministers and a supreme
commander, Admiral A. V. Kolchak.
The Government was evolved as fol-
lows: In September. 1918, there was
convoked at Ufa a convention of rep
resentatives of the series of local pro-
vlsiona governments and political
groups which had been organized in
Siberia and east of the Volga River
They had for their common aim and
purpose the carrying on of the strug-
sic against the'Bolsheviki and the res
urrecvpn of Russia. At this conven-
ton there were represented the ST.
berian, Samara, Orenburg, IRA, kir-
giz and Bashklr governments. It was
resolved at the Ufa convention 10 or
ganize one general government in the
form of a directory OF five members
,Avksentiev, Zenzenov, Voloeodsky
Vlnogradov and Gen. Boldyrev.
Two Had Unpopular Ties.
OF these, the first two belonged to
the Socialist Reactionary party and
We're more or less bound up with the
Central Committee OF that party and
with the Committee of the Constituent
Assembly which met at Petrograd and
was dispersed by the Bolsheviki. Volo-
godsky was nominally counted as the
Social Revolutionary but was not
closely bound to the party. Vino
gradov was n member OF the Party
OF Freedom of the People National
LiberaD and General Boldyrev was
without party The Directory formed
cabinet Of ministers in which Ad-
miral Kolchak was invited to be Mir
lister OF War. Nologodsky was chosen
president OF the Council OF Ministers
and still holds that position.
The Siberian army had acquired
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

considerable strength by this time and
was extremely dissatisfied that there
should be two Social Revolutionaries
In the Government standing in close
relations with the Central Committee
Of the party which was guilty. in
their opinion, through the person Of
Kerensky. Of causing the breakdown
Of the Russian army on the Austro-
German front. The impolitic actions
Of the Central Committee of the Social
Revolutionary party brought matters
to such pass that group OF officers
with the aid of a detachment of SOL
diers arrested these two members of
the directory. and the Council OF
Ministers was faced with the problem
OF disposing OF them.
At the meeting OF the council at
Omsk two of the members Of the
Directory-vologodsky and vinogra-
dov-announced their designations.
Gen. Boldyrev was at the front at this
time, but upon his return he was asked
to leave Omsk. The same treatment
was accorded to Avksentlev and Zen
zenov. There was no shooting in con-
nection with this and the action OF the
council was taken without any dis
turbance whatsoever. The Council OF
Ministers then decided to choose in
place Of the Directory OF Five single
supreme commander OF the Army and
head of the Government. in the person
Of Admiral Kolchsk. As was the case
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22
Mrs. Billtops's Airplane Limousine

wv A MI T ni,, Ssas " n tod S sh1s
Billtops that in due course
OF time. and told her 1t would not be
long, I would provide for her a hand
some Victoria, to be drawn by one or
by two horses as she might prefer.
and with. of course, a trinity attired
driver or coachman. l loved to think
OF Mrs. Billtops sitting serene in that
very convenient and comfortable and
elegant OUTFIT as she made a round Of
calls or went shopping. 1t could be
none too good or fine for her, for was
she not worth the best OF everything
that the world could affordA and
though Mrs Blltops smiled indul-
gently at what she called my fancies,
and said she guesses the street car
would be her Victoria for some time
70 come, never doubted that should
In due time be able to provide 1t for
her.
But, do you know, as time passed,
/ did not seem to come TO a point
where could compass that luxury
for her. We prospered in a fair de-
gree, but as ! earned more our ex-
pGnses increased and we/ never saw
the time when I could have provided
one-horse Victoria, to say nothing
OF two, and so things ran along
until Mrs. Billtops's Victoria came to
be only a Renaissance, as when l
would say to her:
Elizabeth, do you remember how,
when we were married, was going
to buy a Victoria for your and Mrs.
Billtops would smile, with that never
falling gentleness and say:
why. Ezra. that was one OF your
pleasant dreams.
And so the Victoria that was
going to buy for Mrs. Billtops would
fade away again; but when automo-
biles came ! had a new idea. might
not have provided for Mrs. Billtops
as had fondly hoped to do. a Victo-
ria, but by gracious I would provide
for her an automobile; and told her
how fortunate II was that had not
actually bought the Victoria, which
now would be wholly and completely
out OF style, when everybody, posi-
lively everybody. was using motor
cars.
But, told Mrs. Billtops, we would
not buy IN a hurry; for automobiles
would change in design. and in their
mechanical equipment they would be
improved and perfected and we wanted
only the best possible car for her, and
so We would wait a little: whereat. in
deadly earnest as ] was Mrs. Billtops
smiled again as she had over the Vic
toris~eut with the same gentle klndli-
ness
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

the summer campaign, to have large
numbers Of automobiles and airplanes
for fighting the Bolsheviki along the
volga and In the steppes Of Orenburs
and Turkestan.
koIchak Does Not Ask Men.
We do not believe that Siberia re-
quires allied aid In men, in view Of the
difficulties of transportation and sup
ply. but we do believe that the detach-
ments of allied troops already In ST.
IBERIA should remain until the end of
the fighting against Bolshevism, as
their presence exerts an enormous
moral effect on the Siberian and other
Russian armies and on the population
In the rear. Also they have assisted
greatly in maintaining order along the
railroads The plans for the with.
drawal Of the allied troops from the
northern ports and the evacuation of
Odessa are very detrimental to the sue
cess of the campaign against the Red
armies. 1t means that enormous Rus
sian and allied military and strategical
resources in the form Of Archangelsk
and Murmansk would be transferred
into the hands of the enemy and it
means the surrender OF important
bases accessible to war vessels. The
assistance OF France, England and
America is greatly needed, in the sense
that their naval units could occupy
the ports and with the aid of the
troops OF Gen. Maynard and Gen.
Udenitch they could take Petrograd
Should the United States not desire to
participate in active military opera
lions she could limit her activities to
supplying military equipment and
other supplies.
1t is our belief that the rebuilding
Of the Russian financial system must
Of necessity be undertaken by the
Allies. Russia is absolutely not In a
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

under the Directory, the council re-
manned the actual legal administrative
power.
kolchak CONFIRMS Edicts.
Admiral Kolchak exercised direct
control only over the army as COM
mander in chief of all land and sea
forces OF Ural-Siberian -Bolshe-
vik Russia In his capacity of SUI
preme commander Admiral Kolchak
must give confirmation to all enact
ments of the Council OF Ministers
Without this confirmation no law can
become effective. From this brief &C
count II Is evident that Admiral Kol-
chalk is far from possessing dictatorial
powers and 1t is incorrect TO call him a
dictator: and that the legislative and
administrative authority belongs to
and is used by the Council OF Minis
tiers instead of by the supreme COM
mander.
The question arises then. Who are
the members OF the Council OF Minis
tiers and what are their political views
and the character of their activities
The president Of the council. Volo-
godsky, was formerly a Social Revolu-
tlonary and is at all events a Pro-
gressive. The Minister of the Interior,
Pepelaiev, has been a member OF the
central committee Of the Party OF
Freedom Of the People. The Minister
Of Finance. Mlkailov. is a moderate
Social Revolutionary. The Minister of
Agriculture. Petrov, is the same The
following are nonpartisan' progress
sives: Minister OF Commerce, Shukin;
Minister OF Ways OF Communication,
Ustrugov; Minister of Foreign Affairs,
Sazanov; Minister OF Supplies, Mex
lutin;. General Comptroller, Krasnov !:
Minister OF War, Gen. Stepanov, and
his assistant on Cossack affairs, Gen.
Khoroshkln; Minister OF the Navy,
Rear Admiral Smirnov, The Minister
Of Education, Preobrazhensky, is a
member OF the Peoples Socialist
Party; the Minister OF Justice, Prof.
Thalberg, is a member OF the Party
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

OF Freedom OF the People, and tn
Minister of Labor, Shumilovslzy, is a
member OF the Social Dempcrat Party,
'Edinstvo."
Many Experienced Administrato tors.
OF the general membership of the
Council of Ministers Ave worked In
the Provisional Government of Lvov
and Kerensky, three Of the Generals
took active part in the operations of
the Russian Army against the Ger
mans and Austrians. three members
belong to the Party of Freedom of the
People, and the remaining Ministers
are for the most part Siberian work.
ers and patriots and are in no case
inclined to uphold reactionary policies
and theories.
Admiral Kolchak himself Is nom
Partisan, but Is definitely progressive
and is committed to progressive poll
cies. The whole makeup OF the
Council Of Ministers. together with
Admiral Kolchak. holds a definitely
democratic position. The Council rec
| ognizes that its first task, after over
coming the Bolhevikl and restoring
order in Russia, is to organize a Con-
stituent Assembly. whose duty it shall
be to determine the form of govern
ment and institute proper legal and
administrative authority in conform
ity with the form chosen. Admiral
Kolchak and members of the Council
look upon their present rule as strict
ly temporary. pending the time when
| the Constituent Assembly can be
called. In the meantime, however,
| the policies and measures of the Kol-
chalk Government, particularly as re-
CARDS land and labor policies. are Of
very democratic character. Their
work and the establishment OF firm
relations between Russia and the Al
| lies, including the United States,
would be immeasurably bettered b.
the recognition, until the complete uni
| ficstion of Russia. of the Provisional
Government at Omsk headed by Ad-
miral Kolchak.
! believe that without such recog-
milton informal collaboration. as 1t is
termed In diplomatic language, on such
tremendously important matters as
railway, military and other policies
does not come within the confines Of
| international law. But with the recog-
IlIllOn Oh the fTONlSlOlui Government
these relations would assume a normal
aspect, and the success of the work OF
Admiral Kolchak and his associates for
the reconstruction Of Russia and the
establishment Of a united democratic
State would be put on a solid founda-
ton.
Seven Provinces Expel BoIshe Wiki.
In attempting to deal specifically
with the problems and needs OF the
Omsk Government. with which is asso-
t.ated to greater or lesser degree all
OF the Russian governments aligned
against the Bolsheviki, 1t is well to
establish clearly in the minds OF
Americans exactly what provinces of
Russia have at this time been liber-
ated from the enemy. These regions
number seven, as follows:
Eastern and Western Siberia, the
Ural region, the Province Of Orenbure,
part OF the Turkestan and part OF the
Volsa territory.
The Northern Caucasus and the Don
territory.
Transcaucasia and the Transcaspian
territory.
Crimea, now, I believe, having again
been invaded by the Bolsheviki.
The Archangelsk territory. .
Esthonia.
Finland.
The provinces grouped together and
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

And then we waited for the motor
car to come to perfection. or to
stage near enough to that to warrant
me in buying one for Mrs. Billtops;
and my! how. much and how fast the
automobile was improved: but alas.
with my income increasing nothing
like in the same proportion; ana at
last, most reluctantly. I was obliged
to confess to myself that an automo-
bile for Mrs. Billtops was quite out of
the question, and I was about to say
this frankly to Mrs. B.. when an idea
Struck me; and what I told her was
how fortunate we were in not having
bought an automobile, for II we had
bought one We should be In precisely
the same situation now as that we
would have been in then II we had
bought the Victoria, we should have
on our hands something fast becoming
obsolete; for was not the coming
means of conveyance the flying ma
chine?
Luck it was, told her, that I had
not hurried about the motor car, and
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

now all she would have TO do would
be to wait just a little longer, until
the flying machine was brought a IT.
tie more under control and made
little safer and more comfortable, Toy
l wanted her to have only the latest
and the best; and she must wait, Of
course, too. told her, until through
out the city, the requisite landing
stages had been provided. Then, ny
dear I told her. I will provide for
you for your calling and shopping not
an Anticipated horsedrawn Victoria
nor a medieval automobile, but a
strictly modern. up to the moment
airplane limousine
tAnd do you know what she said 70
me when I propounded TO her this my
latest scheme?
Ezra she said 10 me, I never
wanted a Victoria, nor have l e'eT
cared for an automobile, and surely !
do not want now an airplane lnou'
sine. All care for, Ezra, is 70 have
you continue to dream and dream ana
DREAM"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

| Trans-Siberian Railroad. 1t is a mat
ter Of the greatest importance to all OF
the anti Bolsheviki forces that there
should be an improvement OF traffic
and working conditions in this line, as
success may be made more certain IL
the supply service of the Siberian
Army is placed on a regular and work.
able basis.
At the present time this service is
in the hands Of military and railroad
commissions sent by the allied Govern
ments, and 1t is to be hoped that they
will organize II to meet the full re-
quirements Of the Siberian Army. But
1t must be remembered that the work
of these commissions can be success
full only IL necessary materials and
supplies continue to be forwarded to
them without interruption. The maior
portion OF our supplies heretofore has
some from the stocks of military ma
terials manufactured in America and
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

position to stabilize her finances, to CO.
ordinate the money circulation and
restore the exchange rate Of the ruble,
and she greatly needs financial assist
ance. Her finances and currency
system are now in a lamentable condi-
ton, to the detriment not only Of
private firms, but also to large Gov
eminent orders placed in America and
other countries. AS have mentioned
above, the Allies have organized rail-
road and military commissions for the
purpose of aiding the Russians. Both
of them are functioning successfully
and we hope that they will be able to
properly coordinate the army supply
and transport systems. We believe
also that this is the proper time to
organize another allied commission for
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

listed as the first on this list are at
present united under the Government
Of Admiral Kolchak. with headquarters
at Omsk. This Government has an
army Of some 100000 men. including
the Cossack troops of the Siberian.
Ornburg and Ufal regions The North
ern Caucasus and Don territory is I'M
der the Government of Gen. Denikine
cooperating with the Governments OF
the Kuban and the Don Cossacks and
recognizing the supreme authority of
the kolchak Government. Gen. Deni-
kline. with an army Of approximately
100000. Transcaucasia and the Trans
caspian territory Is under the author
ity Of a British force. cooperating
with the army OF Gen. Bicherakhov.
with a base at the city Of Petrovsk
on the Caspian Sea. Cripea until the
last Bolshevik invasion had its own
Government. in cooperation with Gen.
Denikine. There is a separate Gov
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

the purpose of introducing and estab
fishing a uniform system of currency
and endeavor to stabilize the Russian
ruble.
stil1 Producing Raw Material.
Despite the fact of the war against
the Bolsheviki, Russia still is produc-
ing a considerable amount of raw
materials and is in need Of large guam
titles Of machinery, tools, cotton and
manufactured products. To bring Rus
sla back to a stable footing and re-
organize her finances is therefore to
the interest of her creditors and all of
the allied Powers. Unless the Allies
participate largely in the organization
OF financial system and a regular
exchange of merchandise, and per-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22
the Inside on Admiral Kolchak's Government
Requests No Men, but Asks Supplies
for Armies Fighting Reds-Believes
Allied Troops Now in Siberia Should
Remain Because of Moral Effects

haps make a large loan 10 Rus,,.
secured by some State resources mi,
is obviously impossible of attainmer,
1 would suggest that the allied nnan'
cial commission make It's seat a,
Vladivostok, and from there lay down
its work. The Russian Ministry ~
Finance should be adequately renro,
sented on that commission, and hav.
no doubt that the Ministry would turr
over to the commission all the ma.
terial and information in its possession
To summarize, may state that in
addition to the important need Of the
allied financial commission, the great.
est needs of Russia in the fight agains,
the Bolshevikl and the building OF
reunited Russia are these:
Retention and enforcement OF IN.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

| allied soldiers at MurmansK and Arch
angelsk, and the despatch Of naval
forces to Riga, Revel and Petrograd
for the occupation of these points, and
similar action at the ports 81 Odessa
Sebastopol. Kerch and Noyorossiysk,
The continuation and development
of the aid already given in the recon
struction OF the Trans Siberian Rail
road.
The supplying Of technical and other
military materials to the various Rus
sian armies and the provisioning OF
these armies and the populations in
the rear with medical and sanitary
supplies.
The retention In Siberia Of the allied
military forces.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22
Representative From Omsk Tells How
Organization to Defeat Bolsheviki Was
Evolved, and Describes Its Makeup,
Policies, Problems and Needs
By PROF. NICHOLAS A. BoRoprN

tProt. Borodir tcos a member OF
the First Russian Dumd and Of the
Russian Constituent Assembly and
no,o Is IN the United States as rep
resontative Of the Ministry Of Aori-
culture In the Government of Ad-
mirdI Kolchde at Omsk. He toos
also In this country IN 1917 10Th
Prot. B. A. BdknetteU as member
OF the Extraordinary Mission sent
by the Russian Provisional Gorern-
ment. From october, 1918. to April.
1919. Prot. Borodtn tcorked In Siberia
IN close contact toith the Onsk Co..
ernment. He Is the author OF three
books on the possibilities OF Amert-
can-RNssi1n economic aud financial
cooperation and Is the acting presi.
don't Of the Society for Promoting
Friendship BettCeen Russia and the
United States. HIS article Is the
FIRST complete statement made BY a
member Of Admiral Kolchdk's Co..
ernmcnt1
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-06-22

TIME Government Of Admiral Kol-
chalk and its Siberian army,
- which Is inexorably and VIC
toriously moving from the east upon
Moscow. the Bolshevik centre, figure
more and more frequently in tho de-
spatches in the daily press. But the
impressions Of Americans concerning
the organization and the problems and
Gilpin observer., 1919-12-04
THE SPECIAL SESSION

1t is to be hoped that the peo-
pie of the effete east will not be-
come unduly alarmed because our
Republican governor has called
the legislature together in, extra
ordinary session for the purpose
of providing (among other things)
for the suppression of anarchy,
scdition, and conspiracy against
the laws.
People who are uninformed
might be led to believe that Col
orado was in a condition border
ing on insurrection and rebellion.
Nothing could be farther from
the truth than this, but Governor
Shoup seems to be of a very tim
id disposition and at times acts
like a man who had pipe dreams
occasionally. For instance, when
the coal strike was called, he i'm
mediately called out the militia
and without consulting local au-
thorities began preparations for
sending them to the different coal
fields of the state, and it was only
by strong pressure being brought
to bear upon him, by local author
tiles who objected, that he was
persuaded to modify his plans to
some extent.
Another thing that may have
alarmed him was the arrest not
long ago in Denver of half doz-
en- alleged l. w. WIS who got
mixed up in a street brawl and
were all cleaned up by one lone
soldier who had just returned
from France.
These alleged l. w. WIS who
are being kept in Jail are suppos-
ed to be desperate and dangerous
characters and the Denver auth
critics are very anxious to get rid
of them and have offered to turn
them loose provided they will
leave townC
But to be serious or as serious
as it is possible to be when dis
cussing thoroughly ridiculous
proposition-there is no demand
or need for any new law in Colo
RADIO for the purpose of suppress
ing anarchy or sedition. The peo-
pie of our own state are loyal to
the core. They love their coun-
try, their flag and their govern
ment. The majority of them may
want changes in our law and sys-
TEN Of government, but they ex-
pect to get them in a regular way
thru the ballot. Those who say
that Colorado is infected with an
archy or treason are slandering
great people, are disloyal to our
state, and have other objects in
view, instead of the best interests
of the common people.
Gilpin observer., 1919-12-04
PUBLIC UTILITIES

When considering the feasibil-
ity of government ownership of
public utilities the first idea that
would naturally suggest itself to
the thinking mind, would be, what
success has the government had
in managing those utilities of
which it has already assumed con-
troll and ownership, such as the
postal system, roads and high
ways and public schools. Those
who are opposed to government
ownership admit that these utili-
ties are being operated by the
government successfully and at
cost, to the people. If any of these
utilities were owned and operated
by private capital, does anyone
doubt that they would demand
large profits for operating them?
When the postal system was con-
trolled by private enterprise the
minimum cost of letters was 25
cents each, and 25 cents in those
days represented a days wages
for an ordinary laborer which
would mean three or four dollars
for each letter at the present
time, while our "Uncle Sam" does
the work for two cents.
Many of us have travelled over
toll roads of only a few miles in
length and had to pay from fifty
cents to five dollars for each trip.
There is bridge across the Ohio
river between Cincinnati and Cow
ington that charges one cent for
people who cross it on foot. Of
course, those who make the trip
with rigs and autos pay much
more. 1t is estimated that the
bridge has been paid for many
times over by those who pay a
cent to cross on foot. Many of
us have a fair education
which we obtained thru the pub
lie schools and which we could
not have afforded if the schools
had been run by private capital.
1t is significant fact that
whenever the government has as
sumed control and ownership of
a public utility it has never re-
turned to private ownership. If
government ownership has given
such splendid results as far as we
have tried it, why should we hesi-
tate to extend the system? Is it
not better to operate coal mines
by the government than it is to
pay several hundred per cent
profit to private operators? All
of our public utilities could be op-
Grated by the government at cost,
but this might throw Rockefeller.
Morgan and few hundred mill
ionaires out of a job.