davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1919-12-06
PLAN FOOD RELIEF.

PARIS, Dec, 6,-Action was taken BY
the supreme council today toward FOOD
relief for Austria and Armenia, The
ton Of resolutions adopted blythe "
preme economic council, dealing with
provisioning OF these two nations.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1919-12-06
Meeting Recalled.

The December meeting OF the 4xeeu.
tive board Of the Federation of Parent
Teacher association has been recalled.
Tho next meeting will be held in Janu-
any.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1919-12-06
Annual Christmas Bazaar.

II members of Calvary Church cirG'a
viii entertain with their annual Christi
mas bazaar on Wednesday In the home
Of Mr.. and Mrs Frank Hill, 1900 Union
aVAnna --------=--s--a--=a
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1919-12-06
Foster Circle.

The Foster circle OF the Kings
Daughters will meet with Mrs. r. n,
Salmon. 1910 Central avenue, on Wed.
nesday afternoon at 2 o'clock.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1919-12-06
Merry Garden Ballroom.

OPEN 5 pm. 10 1880 pm.
on account Of fuel restrictions these
hours viii be observed until further no.
tice- adv
The sun., 1919-10-26
BRITISH SUBMARINE Mt.

ers which could be nlled either with
coal or oil, The guns were housed
in two turrets Of eight inch steel.
Tho author said: I'm such a craft
you can get close to your ship and
fire the torpedo into her, while an
ordinary torpedo boat will be simply
riddled and sawed into pieces by rapid
fire ammunition. Further a semi
submerged. armored torpedo boat win
be able to get so near her target
that by greatly reducing the range,
she will eliminate many OF the dis
advantages of the present long ranges
required by the whitehead torpedo.
Again. you are giving well disciplined
crew a chance to do something, for
their quarters will be infinitely more
comfortable than those they at present
occupy in the torpedo boat; they will
have feeling OF safety which they
do not now enjoy. and they will know
that they will land their torpedo close
enough to blow mp the ship.
Such q boat win De practically ir-
The sun., 1919-10-26

ing employment on patrol and when at
sea in company with the British battle
squadron, which were called out from
time to time by the reported, move
ments OF the elusive enemy. BY rea-
son of the first hand knowledge gained
IN handling this class the British
naval authorities obtained invaluable
data which could be drawn upon II
need arose for the construction of stir
larger and faster submarines. The
shape of their hulls was developed
after very careful model towing tests;
hence their high surface speed, which
was actually in excess OF twenty-four
knots. Their seaworthiness was found
to be such that they could act very
satisfactorily as destroyers after
nightfall and yet play tho part of
submarines during the daytime.
AS has been explained, the ks" were
built for a particular service, l. O.,
they were to work In conjunction with
tho grand fleet and to constitute a
submerged torpedo ambuscade toward
which the surface ships were to lure
the Germans in the open waters of
the North Sea Therefore their
storage battery capacity was Just suffi-
Client for a days fleet battle. AS has
been said by the we'll known London
technical weekly the Engineer! "rhey
may be described as having great
strategic speed and capacity, but small
tactical radius; that is. they can get
to the place where they are wanted
quickly, but are circumscribed In their
capabilities Of remaining submerged
In that spot for long. or OF moving
fast submerged for more than one at
tack without rising to recharge their
batteries. In submarine design as
well as in that Of surface ships. you
can't have everything; each type is a
compromise"
Another English technical weekly,
Engineering, thus dlscloses some ad-
ditIonal facts about the six vessels of
the *" class: THE double hull prin-
ciple is embodied in a modified form
and the ends of the boat, which might
be damaged without endangering the
Immediate safety. hAvs only = single
The sun., 1919-10-26

each tube. The guns are carried on the
superstructure and consist OF two four
inch guns and one three-inch gun for
high angle work" the latter being
intended especially TO repel the attack
Of aerial craft
As might be expected, the living
quarters on the TX" class leave moth
ing TO be desired from tho points OF
view OF comfort, convenience and
health, The Commanding officer has
his own cabini there is q roomy ward
room for his executive subordinates;
and there are separate messes for the
petty officers, the engineroom artlfi-
GERS and seamen. Credit is by no
means due the British for breaking
tho way in steam propelled under
water torpedo boats. Despite the fact
that advocates OF the internal COM
bustion engine have cried aloud
against the probability OF steam
propulsion In this realm Of naval ar
Ieh.tectszs, stiIi ne French some yesss
The sun., 1919-10-26
TYPE Of SUBMARINE
CRUISER Of $500 TONS
WITH ExTRAORDlNART
POWERS Of ATTACT and
CAPACITY to PLANT MINES

ed rapidly to the demands of the hour.
But this trend was manifested even
before the Kaiser started the trouble
that turned wellnigh the whole OF Eu-
rope into an armed camp or field of
battle. In 1918 the following item ap-
peared In an English maritime publ
cation: plans and specifications have
been submitted to the British Admir-
atty for composite destroyer and
submarine which would mark a new
epoch in naval shipbuilding. These
are the work of a designer in the en-
ploy of a well known firm of Govern
ment contractors. and so great is that
firrns belief In the general excellence
Of the designs that they are prepared
Immediately to begin the construction
Of two vessels on the line proposed"
But several years earlier a well
known Austrian nautical monthly pub
lished plans and described in some de-
tails supposedly Russian submarine
cruiser designed to have a submerged
displacement OF substantially $500
tons. According to the plans the YES
sci was to be 400 feet long, to have
a maximum beam OF "a feet and to be
capable OF making twenty-six knots
on the surface and fourteen knots sub
merged. Her armament showed thirty
six torpedo launching tubes-two for
ward. two aft and sixteen on each
broadside-and a rapid fire battery OF
five Al inch rifles. BY way OF defence
against the attack from surface craft
the upper deck. portions OF the super
structure and the revolving gun tur-
rets. were shielded by armor ranging
from two to three inches in thickness,
While It has since developed that the
Russians never built a submergible
cruiser Of this character. still the plans
showed engineering anticipation of the
day that is now upon US.
Actual British Progress.
Probably the best proof Of the march
Of events is the actual progress made
by the British navy during the recent
war in bringing out successive classes
of big submarines. Before going into
details the principal characteristics OF
these boats can be CLEANED from the
following table. In which the abbre-
vlations H. A and T. T. mean high
angle" and torpedo tubes" respec-
! lively:
The sun., 1919-10-26
NMNNNHNNzzz@Qg9NN9aHNSAIS NM22EEzNzNzzzzzEz

earlier gave their attention carefully
to this manner of driving on the sur
face. 1t is declared that one OF the
most successful European submarines,
judged by her war record, is the
Archimede of the French navy, which
carries two sets of triple expansion
engines. 1t was steam propulsion
which our own naval experts advo-
Gated when Congress authorized the
experimental building some years ago
of a single submarine which was to
develop twenty-five knots an hour.
we finally compromised upon some
thing like twenty knots and adopted
internal combustion engines This
boat is not yet In our active feet OF
under water craft.
submerEible idea Persistent.
The idea of submergible battle
cruiser IN principle has persisted In
the minds of naval men for the better
part of quarter OF century, but
engineering progress has only recently
reached a point that would make eff
fective fulfilment practicable. Back In
1898 William H. Jaques. U. s. N,
read a paper before the British Insti-
tuition of Naval Architects and then
showed his distinguished audience
plans for a decidedly impressive look
ing armored submerging torpedo boat,
carrying four guns and driven by
steam-the design showing fuel bunk
The sun., 1919-10-26

main motors with power for cruising
at economical speeds.
owing to the very exacting duties
required OF these boats additional pro-
lection for tho navigating officer and
Quartermaster Is provided in the
form Of deckhouss built over and
around the ordinary coming tower.
Tho periscopes fitted into these boats
were the longest which at that time
had been made for the British navy,
having a length OF thirty feet from
eyepiece to headpiece. Another i'm
portant accessory Is the long distance
wireless telegraphy installation, en-
abling the commander OF the subma-
rine to keep In touch with his naval
base when operating at great dis
tances from 1t. The aerial is fitted on
telescope masts, which can be raised
and lowered at will. The armament OF
this class includes four bow and four
broadside tubeS all eighteen inch
diameter, with q spsEs toKEsds Toe
The sun., 1919-10-26

resistible and invulnerable; will even
resist the attack of heavy ordnance,
and is a type that it will be impossible
for a battleship to avoid"
The jacques submerging torpedo
boat was modified development of
the Holland submarine and was
planned to have a length of 1876 feet
At that time the modern submarine
was In It's infancy, and reasonably
the amazlsg project impressed most
naval men as too fantastic to con-
slider seriously-they looked upon the
type as belonging to the realm of
Jules Verne's fiction. The evolution of
the storage battery, the development
OF the internal combustion engine, the
advent of the steam turbine and the
present day status OF the high power,
water tube boiler burning liquid fuel
have all contributed, as the British
TX" class prove, to the attainment OF
characteristics which Jaques appar-
emily did not dream of in 1898.
No Diving Cruiser Butt.
True, no diving or semi-submergible
vessel has yet been built carrying the
thickness of defensive steel described
by Lieut.. Jaques twenty-one years
ago. but It has repeatedly been de-
clared that thinner walls of special
steel have been fitted upon the upper
decks and the coming towers of some
Of the newer European under water
boats. The capacity to support a pro-
tective coating of metal would natur-
ally depend upon the size of a sub
aqueous craft and the skill with
which she was designed. and wartime
experience has supplied a wealth OF
knowledge that may soon be turned
to the production OF submarine ships
OF astonishing powers
Just what Vice Admiral Sir Davit
Beatty may have in mind as the first
fulfilment of an oil-driven submerg-
ible battle cruiser has not yet beer
revealed, and we DO not know whether
the type would carry guns of for
midable size or depend principally
upon 21-inch long-range torpedoes u!
| instruments OF offence. 1t Is not un
likely that the torpedoes would b,
OF dirigible character, and 1t is {
matter of record that much sugges
tive work along this line has alread!
heen done by one or more English
men. 1t follows, of course, that 4;
submergible battle cruiser would hav.
a measurable spread of process stee
upon her upper works so that sh
might survive hostile gunfire until
she was within we'll nigh certain stril5
ing distance of her foe. The infor
nation now available does not max
It clear that the new type contem
plated by Vice-Admiral Beatty is &C
tually to have the capacity of dis
appearing entirely below. the surface
The sun., 1919-10-26

This would not be necessary in order
10 produce a class of fighting ships
that would be both unique and eX-
ceedingly menacing to existing dread
poughts.
About three years ago Rear Admiral
w. 8, Sims. then a captain, described
for the edification OF the Committee
on Naval Affairs of the U. S, House
Of Representatives theoretical de-
sign which had been given close
study at the Naval War College,
where the strategic experts had ana
lyzed on tho game board, the types
fighting value. Capt. Sims said: IF
you build a ship OF 10000 tons that
has nothing but Q protective deck,
and so fiat that nothing could get
under 1t, that only has two towers,
one forward and one aft to control
the ship, and no guns at all, but armed
with eight or ten torpedo tubes on a
side, and capable OF making IS knots,
would like TO know what q Meet
could 40 Hhan onS OF them comes
The sun., 1919-10-26
CON CEPTloN Of SEMI SUBMERGED BILE BATTLE
CRUISER HAVING GUNS 9n0 TORPEDOES

hull at the sides. Their speed Is
twenty-four knots on the surface, the
power being obtained from twin sets of
geared steam turbines. which develop
shaft horse power OF 10000. Steam
is obtained from two boilers Of the
Yarrow type, with working pressure
Of 235 pounds per square inch. The
tunnels are arranged TO hinge down
when preparing for diving, and water
tight matches cover the funnel open
ings as the tunnels hinge back. The
turbine machinery is supplemented by
an 500 brake horsepower heavy oil
engine OF the Vickers submarine type.
This arrangement enables the tur-
bines to be reserved for high speeds
only, while the dynamo, to which the
oil engine Is coupled, in addition to
charging the batteries. supplies the
The sun., 1919-10-26
Already
Leads in Under
sea Fighting Graft
Dire a thoughts
Not to Be Elimin-.
ate d but Sla tie d
for Minor Place

down In It's midst. There would he
nothing to hurt II you did happen TO
hit her, and she could fire all the tor
pedoes she wants to at you. One OF
our young officers recommended a YES
Fel of that type.
Conservatism I'm Way.
Natural conservatism on the part
of tho older men who control the up
per end of all services--and 1t is the
natural conservatism OF large bodies
that controls our observation-disclosures
in the way of just such a proposition;
those men do not quito like the radical
idea. But just the same one of those
novel craft will pop up one OF these
days" Continuing, this expert stated:
Il have always believed that a vessel
could be designed in that way without
any necessity for a waste of side ar
nior, because she would have nothing
above her waterline to protect; that
Is, substantially nothing. She would
have no turrets which cost so much
in weight, and she would have no big
guns, which cost in the weight of the
gun, ammunition. &c. She would carry
two towers from either of which the
ship could be controlled; one to be
used In case the other was knocked
out. They would be of sufficient size
to hold the people who man9uvre the
craft. Her smokepipe would be ar
mored SO that 1t could not be shot
away so close to her deck as to do any
particular damage. She could be
armed with torpedo tubes on her sides,
and she could carry a great many tor
pedoes for each one Of those tubes"
The man actually responsible for the
unique ship is Commander Frank H.
Schofield. U. s. N.
Rear-Admiral Sims, like Vice-Ad-
miral Sir David Beatty, is and always
has been a man of action and strong
in the outspoken courage of his con-
victions. Apropos of the so-called
"Schofield," he declared: II think we
ought not to be too conservative.
When you can lay down a ship which
will apparently be of greater power
than anything else you can build for
the same money you ought to get busy
and build her, and you ought not to
feel too badly chagrined about 1t II
she does not turn out all you expect
of her. The disposition has always
been to hold back here. Those in
bower have said. let US wait and see
what the other fellows build and see
how It works out II you do that
| you must always be IN the rear Of the
procession instead OF leading it"
II the friends of Vice-Admiral Beat
ty speak authoritatively it would seem
reasonably evident that the British are
bent upon stealing our thunder by
possibly calling into being a squadron
of extraordinary craft that win be
much akin to the type described and
tested out by the experts of our Naval
War College. This prospect is ono
, that may we'll make Americans pom
der, for vessels OF such unusual char
acteristics would virtually place any
nation Mt a grave disadvantage that
relied mainly upon dreadnoughts az
the decisive elements of seagoing de-
fence.
The sun., 1919-10-26
Personalities of
Old Prize Ring
Continued from Eighth Pogo.


passed from the control of Gentlemau
Jackson.
Ward had so fagrantly thrown a
fight that he could find no further en-
fragments in LONDON. So with two
companions he toured the provinces in
search OF adventure, reaching Bath
when the racing season was on there.
It was OF course useless for Ward to
appear In bis own person; no ono
would have taken him on II it were
known that he was the notorious Black
Diamond. So his friends resorted TO a
trick to get him match. They dressed
him up in a smart smock and he passed
for Sawney Wilson. n simple young
countryman from tho north, and pitted
him against Jack R!ckenp who called
himself the champion of Somerset"
Rickens was an ivory and hardwood
turner In Bath. and mad been a trooper
In the Blueg He was a powerful,
courageous man over six feet in
height. had beaten all the local talent
and was regarded as invincible. There
was a purse OF 20 guineas offered for
competition Mt all the races, open to be
fought for ny all corners. Ward, who
acted the part OF Sawney Wilson, to
perfection, was heard to say in the
Castle and Bell that he would like IN
have a try for the brass. and when
! told that he would have TO fight tho
| Somerset champion eaid that he
"warn't afeard Of no man This vas
Immediately repeated to Rlckcus, who
/ promptly walked over 10 the Castle
and Bell. Sawney Wilson was there,
| in his smocS, with his innocent. sim
! pie face.
MY lad. I'm told thou'st said that
thou'n fought Rickens" YES, sir, I'm
not particular" said Sawney, modestly,
wilt thou fought me9" mn sir; you
be too big a man fore me-" Il thought.
! so. Well, I'm Ricllens, and I guess
thou doesn't care 10 take me on.
| We'll sir" said Sawucv. scratching
his head ami looking very innocent,
1--WE promised these gents here 70
fight, and suppose I must fight you.
though I don't like the job" Thou
shalt night said Rickens, plandns
down 20 pounds.
AT the ringstde the betting was 10
in favor of the Somerset champion,
and Ward nearly lost the battle by
fooling too much at the beginning.
Then, TO thsir amazement, the spec
tators saw their huge champion hit
or his feet by the terrific blows OF the
{ unknown north country yokel Soon
the rumor spread that this was no
simple "chaw-bacon." but tho celia
brated Black Diamond Rickons, how
ever, was game. Look ere" he said
to Ward, they tells mo thourt thu
/ Lunnen Black Diamond. Wen dang
4 thee, come on and lick me; thouat
got to do it, mind Let's zee what
thee canst Co. and no more DANCED
lplay acting" Ward complied
The sun., 1919-10-26

span which has elapsed since the mod
orn submarine gave any real promise
Of military value. And now some of
look confidently forward to the early
construction OF armored underwater
hghting craft OF high speed, trenend-
Gus powers of offence, and displace-
ments Of many thousands of tons. 1t
was only tho other day that the
gentry in Paris, bent upon Fastening
the advent OF the millennium, an
hounced that the League of Nations
and the terms of peace no longer
would permit the building of sub
marines. And yet, curiously, the Brit
ish, who wero supposed to be the
strongest advocates of the abolition Of
NE underwater torpedo boat, are ap-
parenty to-day determined to lose no
time in making this particular type Of
naval fighting machine moro formid-
able than ever.
British Ahead Now.
Indeed, as far as information is
available, II is evident that the British
nave outstripped any other nation in
submarine naval architecture In the
particulars OF size and engineering de-
velopments. Likewise they have given
'HeT master submarines stunning
powers Of offence-demonstra that
Is entirely practicable. as in the case
OF the MI, to mount a IL inch rife
upon specially designed vessel in
ENDED for a prescribed field of SER
vice When the world war began the
Germans were the first TO make the
eeek gun an effective part OF the u
Uoats armament. and at the start
Snese weapons were of extremely mod
'st caliore, Similarly. as the struggle
went on, necessity called for seakeep-
ing submarines OF wider radius OF
ecuon Of higher speeds. with more nu-
meFous torpedo tubes, and fitted with
guns or heavier calibres and contlnu-
ally Increasing ranges.
=, me Germans were not alone in
.heSe achievements and In efforts &c
oe'elop underwater fghting craft; the
so-eailsd conservative British respond
The sun., 1919-10-26

tion. The Admiralty specified that
their qualities should be such that II
would be possible for them TO have in
reserve a speed of several knots over
that of the united movement OF the
battle fleet; that they should be so
seaworthy that they could cruise with
the feet. and that the ks" should be
able to deal with the foes high sea
fleet IL the Germans should be met in
the open ocean.
While tho opportunity for service In
action never came still these subma-
rines demonstrated their fitness dur
The sun., 1919-10-26

The foregoing particulars are from
a paper read few months back by
Sir Eustace Tennyson D'Eyncourt. X
c. B., in which he described naval con-
struction in Great Britain during the
war. AS he said: "A very large num-
Der Of these vessels (submarines) have
been added to the fleet during the
war, and some twelve different types,
some embodying very special require
ments, and all being improvements on
their predecessors. II is interesting to
note that we produced the fastest in
ternal- combustion engined submarine
in y class, which attained a speed OF
over 10 knots. AS still higher speed
was wanted for feet work, the k
boats were designed with a surface
speed Of "a knots. To arrive at this
1t was necessary to go to steam"
Continuing his revelations Sir
Eustace stated: "It is an interesting
point about these vessels also that be-
sides the steam turbines for full speed
on the surface and the electric drive
when under water, they were provided
with Diesel engine for use just be-
fore diving or Immediately after break
ing surface, in order to hasten the
time OF divinS or OF getting away
quickly after getting up" The reason
for this was that the steam plant had
to be shut down some while before 60
ing under water. and, similarly. there
was critical interval after coming
to the surface ere the steam gener-
ators could be worked up TO the need
full pressure. Accordingly. the Diesel
equipment took care of this gap and
provided desirable measure Of motive
energy. 1t will be seen, therefore. that
the X boats had. in fact, three pro-
pulsive medlums-steam, internal COM
bustion and electric, which marked
them as a class apart.
The First "I<" Bont.
The first of the "K" boats was COM
missioned on the 4th of August. 1916,
and the type undoubtedly marked a
revolution in submarine design. The
class was called into being for service
In connection with possible nsst as