davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-01-07
In the Presidents Chair

the President SO altered the adminis-
tratlon Of the tariff law as in large
part to avert friction which had hith-
erto existed
Agreement With Britain
The settlement of the Alaskan houn-
cary and the Newfoundland fisheries
1aestlons, which had so long vexed the
euipiGmats Of both Great Britain and
nc united States, has been referred 70
unes1 tne head Of arbitration, but other
-eS''iatlons With Great Britain Of only
"'N0HoaIy importance were carried
% successful conclusion. Conflicts
.et"een the fishermen and the authori-
s'es OF the respective countries have
. Dsen rendered almost impossible by
.teaty providing for the demarcaton OF
'ne boundaries Of the United States
anu Na7ada, while the same convention
PROVIDES also for the marking Of land
DouhaarieH, thus eliminating friction
ifav~lng iacssinsg out Of doubt as TO the exact
location Of the boundary lines. Prob
lems concerning the rights Of the citi-
1ens of Canada and the United States
20 sne use Of the waters Of Niagara for
power purporcs were gettled by several
Iro,occls, and all similar questions az
aascung Gil the boundary waters we're
olsposed of In treaty signed by Sec
fetafy Root. When Dir. Roosevelts
F tsfm expired, every question at issue
with Great Britain had been settled by
treaty except the satisfaction Of certain
pscunlary claims, treaty dealing with
"nien had already been drafted.
when, In 1905, conflict threatened be-
e"ecn Germany and France over the
government Ut Morocco, joint con-
ference Of powers signatory TO tho
treaty III Morocco was called TO rneot
az AlEeciras, and President Roosevelt
sent delegates, who played an i'm
Icrtant part In ths negotiations, their
nlsinterssted position enabling them TO
70 far In the settlement of difScu'ties
presented 10 the conferences. There
vas much protest from Democratic
members n the genafe ut &bs course
oz the President, but the treaty ratify-
New-York tribune., 1919-01-07
Roosevelt, the Explorer,
BeIoued by Outdoor FoIk

especially interested in natural science.
Here he laid the groundwork for his
knowledge of nature and her children,
and at one time seriously considered
making the study of natural history his
life work. Politics intevencd and
claimed the greater share of his life,
but never could divorce him from his
first love.
Two Years on Ranch
After his preliminary schooling in
statecraft in the Now York Assembly
he retired to his cattle ranch in North
Dakota, whore he spent the years from
1884 to 1886 living the hard, outdoor
life of a rancher and building up that
philosophy of existence that found ex-
preston IN his volume of living close
to nature, "Thc Strenuous Life"
Time and again in his later years,
when the tremendous battles that he
waged had tired him, the old longing
FOR the open trail returned and sent
hlm forth on lengthy hunting or ex-
rloration trips. In 1903, during his
first term as President, he went to the
yellowstone on a camping expedition.
Several naturalists accompanied him
and were astonshed at his deep and
thorough knowledge of the birds and
animals of the West At the end Of
his second terms, in 1909, he made the
first of his two great expeditions Of
scientific investigation. Accompanied d
ty his son Kermit, he penetrated the
depths Of Africa, hunting the lon the
rhinocerous. the buffalo and the lesser
animals of this untouched country, and
eventually emerged richer in knowl-
edge as naturalist and with collec-
ton of skins and heads that has been
Of tremendous value to students since
that time.
Discovered Brazilian River
In 1918, following his "battle for the
Lord" as head of the Bull Moose
ticket and tho minor but successful
legal combat against persons who had
accused him of drunkenness, Colonel
Roosevelt, again accompanied by his
son Kermit and numerous naturalists,
embarked on what was destined to be
the most dangerous and most impor-
tunt Of his explorations.
Late In tho year, with several Brazil
ian guides and army officers his pr ty
plunged into tho Jungies OF Brazil, fol-
lowing ths Paraguay River to it's
head wntors md then atrlklne into ut
terly unexplorad country. 1t WAS here
that ha discovered the "River OF
Doubt,' no named by him. which pro-
vokad Il scier.ific controversy before
it's existence was finally established.
Later the stream was renamed by tha
Brazilian government In honor of Its
discoverer.
The river was "a thousand miles long
New-York tribune., 1919-01-07
@ Press illustrated Service

! more through the organization of the
Republican party than in any other. he
heid out against this plan until it was
evident that he could do nothing fur
ther at the convention.
1t was on June 10 that he decided
the steam roller" had been prepared for
the sole purpose of eliminating him
ana nominating Taft He then gave
| the word to bolt and was followed bv
nearly all of his delegates. The fol. 9
lowing day the Republican convention
nominated Taft
Accepted Progressive Nomination
The Progressives, meanwhile. hur
rledly organized in every state in the
Union, decided to put complete ticket
IN the field, and called convention
tor August 5, 1912. The delegates.
who appeared to be as earnest as reli-
glous zealots in their plan to win vic
Tory at the polls, nominated Roosevelt
as as their candidate, with Governor
Hiram Johnson, of California. as his
running mate.
Roosevelt plunged into the three
cornered campaign against Wilson and
laft with all the vigor that had char
acterlzed his earlier campaigns. He
toured the country. directing most OF
his batteries against President Taft
and the standpat element in both par
ties. which he attacked with entire i'm
partiality.
Shot by Fanatic
But his speaking tour came to sud
den halt when a fanatic suddenly
stepped from a crowd in Milwaukee
on October IA, fired shot at Colonel
Roosevelt and gave himself up to the
nearest policeman. The bullet penc-
trated a roll of manuscript in the
Colonels pocket and inflicted only a
flesh wound near the heart. The injury
was sufficiently serious to prevent fur
ther campaigning, however joseph
Shrank, who fired the shot. never was
able to offer q coherent explanation of
his motive IN attacking the Bull Moose
candidate.
Roosevelt was hurried to hospltal
in Chicago. but the bullet was not ex-
tracted He then went to his home at
Oyster Bay, where he soon recovered
his former robust physical condition
He came to New York and managed to
derive a certain satisfaction when, OH
hearing the returns, he found that.
although he had been defeated. Taft
had received the electoral votes Of but
two states.
One of the results of the campaign
was suit for libel. filed by Colonel
Roosevelt against George A. Newett,
publisher of "Tho Ishpeming Iron Age"
in which he demanded 100000 dam
ages for statements made by the editor
during tho campaign. The Michigan
editor had charged that Roosevelt fre-
quently became drunk. The case camo
70 trial, but the editor retracted and
Colonel Roosevelt was given q nominal
Judgment of cents by the jury that
heard the testimony.
Colonel Roosevelt made his last trip
abroad early in 1914, when hc went TO
Spain to attend the wedding OF his son
Kermit and Miss Relic Wyatt Willard,
daughter of the United States Ambas-
aador there. He was royalty rcceivcd
In Spain, nnd as special mark Of dis
tinction King Alfonso rode with him
in nublic.
The FIST move made by the Colonel
New-York tribune., 1919-01-07
q Underwood & Underwood

ened to cngulf the new republic. Will
was sent to the island, and President
Palma resigned A new provisional
government, with Charles L. Magoon
rs its head. was set up. In 1908 an
other national election was held, and
on January 28, 1909, Jose Miguel
Gomez was inaugurated as the second
President Of the republic.
Another feature Of the Mckinley
policies to which Mr.. Roosevelt stood
pledged was the negotiation Of a reci-
procity treaty with Cuba. All the pow
crs Of protected interests were cxertcd
to defeat him, but in 1903 he accom-
plished the scemngly impossible. AS
n result of that treaty. Cuban exports
s63 900 600 in 1903 to $2O3, ,164,414 in
1915. ard imports to Cuba have in
creased from $22,000.0O0 in the former
year to approximately $104,723, 100 in
the latter.
In the administration Of the Philip
pine Islands there was not only not
able increase Of prosperity, but the
policy Of extending to the Filipinos a
share Of sel7-governmcnt az fast as
they were capable Of exercising 1t was
consistently pursued, and in 1907
the first Philippine Assembly was
called to order by Secretary Taft. The
trade Of the archipelago moro than
doubled during the Roosevelt admins
tration, agricultural prosperity was
restored, and peace and contcntmcnt
established throughout the islands.
Opposition to Monopoly
Reduced to ,ts simplest form. Tresi-
dent Roosevelts economic policy may
be stated ns follows Natural resources
and natural monopoIics rnu,t be admin
lstered for the benefit OF all instead OF
in the intererts Of tho few. Hs first
sought full Federal control OF thu rail-
Ways. BY persistent advocacy Of this
policy IN public speeches and rnnsxagss
he secured, in 1905. tho enactment Of
tho rate law. Awaiting himself Of popu-
New-York tribune., 1919-01-07
Wilson Vigorously Attached
FOrReluct0nce t0Enfer War.

Jealous guardianship of the honor
of the United States was Colonel
RooseVelt's watchword from the out
break. in August, 1914, of the world
war. Patriotism was the motto spelled
by his speeches and preparedness was
demanded with an earnestness into
which he threw every energy of mind
and body. Bitterly and continually
he attacked the dilatory policy Of the
administraton at Washington, oppos-
ing both President Wilson's Mexican
policy and delay by this country in
entering the war and avenging the
loss of American life on the Lusitania.
III July, 1916 Colonel Roosevelt
made formal application to the War
Department for permission to raise a
division of volunteers for service in
the event of war with Mexico. From
all sides came requests to join his com
mand. Miners and cowboys from the
West We'd with college men and sub
way diggers of the East to "join on
Volunteers were not called for, how
ever, and the exigencies of the Mexi-
can situation did not necessitate the
Roosevelt command.
Wilson Delays Criticised
In the Presidential campaign of 1916
Colonel Roosevelt fought Wilson on
the grounds of the latter's attitude
with regard to Mexico and Germany.
He had been candidate for the Re-
publican nomination and was chosen
by the failing Progressive party, but
when Hughes was nominated declined
to head the Bull Moose ticket and sup
ported the regular Republican entry.
When war came he at once gave
proof that his eternal slogan of pa
trlotism was no mere catch phrase.
All four of his sons Immediately be-
gan training to go into action against
the Germans. Their father was also
eager to fight.
He wanted to recruit volunteer
army for service in France. to be sent
over before the draft army could be
gotten into shape. The "Teddy's Army
idea struck tremendously popular
chord in this country. 1t was estimated
that 100000 men volunteered to go with
the Colonel.
The more popular the Colonel's plan
became over the country the more un-
popular it became in some Washington
circles and particularly at the White
House. President Wilson was unequiv-
ocaliy opposed to the Colonel's plan
from the start.
Martial Ardor SternIy Curbed
Colonel Roosevelt and his friends
fought to the last ditch for this vol
New-York tribune., 1919-01-07

There was still another side to this
many-sided man. Not so many people
knew Theodore Roosevelt the explorer
and naturalist. Yet this was the man
whom out Of door folk loved and whose
WORD scientists listened to and re-
spected.
AS a recreation, during the strenuous
years of his diversified life, Colonel
Roosevelt made himself one of the
foremost authorities on American
fauna, penetrated the darkest regions
of the Dark Continent, to reappear with
notable collection of animals of that
land and plunged into the trackless
wastes of the Brazilian hinterland. to re
turn with the story of the discovery
of Z. new river, which now is marked
on maps with tho legend Rio Teodoro."
Roosevelt the naturalist was al
ways a surprising quantity 10 his
friends. lie amazed the veteran orni-
thologist John Burroughs by his famil-
iarity with the birds Of the United
States. lie was continually confusing
visitors at Sycamore Iill by leaving
grave conferences to pursue strange
bird call or an unfamiliar flash of
wings until the owner had been identl-
fed. To serious and painstaking stu
dents Of natural history he was friend
and brother; to the telers Of long tales
concerning the intelligence and PROV
ess of wild creatures he was terrible
enemy. mature faker" was the word
he coined to describe them, and he at
tackled their statements with his usual
energy in battle.
Interest Aroused Early
From the timc when, little lad, he
besieged the minister Of his church
with demand to be told about that
fcarsome creature the zeal, his interest
in the beasts Of the earth grew with
his body and brain.
"What is a zcal?" demanded the fab
bergasted parson.
"You read about him yesterday"
said small Theodore calmly. "in the
Psalms"
Tho minister took down his Concor-
dance. There he .ound the answer:
"For tho zeal OF thine house hath
eaten mo up"
II Is not on record whether nc was
branded as n nature fakcr. forthwith.
His almost feverish love for out
door life was tho salvation OF Theodore
Roosevelt for many years, and event
ually waa a contributing cause OF his
death. He never completely recovered
from fever contracted In tho Brazil
ian wilds, bot his early delight in nat
ure In tho rough developed him from
puny. nsthmatic child into the tra'
mcndously vigorous man Of his later
years.
During his years at Harvard he was
New-York tribune., 1919-01-07
,f ,0tO 7~

of 1910. ''' .
through Egypt, France, France @SanM4sa German.
Scandinavia and the British Isles took
on the nature of a triumphal proce f.
Ion. This eliminated in final OUT
1rrst OF JOY when, in July, he landed
N New York. No one who saw thA
tremendous, impromptu celebration
will ever forget it.
In all Of the countries throurh
which he passed Colonel Roosevelt Was
received with almost regal distinction.
ne liberation, tact, yet sturdy nation
allsm OF his craftsmanship while Presi-
dent had made HIM q figure beloved
and admired by the entire civilized
world.
lie was one Of those rare men who
are as much master OF themselves
when IN the presence OF an emperor
as when chatting with a companion
of other days England, that values
scholarship. was aston shed at the deep
insight and culture revealed in the
lectures delivered by the Colonel. The
Soroonne, IN Paris. listened to an ad-
dress delivered by him in French He
ectured in German at Berlin and in
Italian at Rome.
France termed him "a typical Gaul"
TO the Germans he was 'Bismarckian. j.
italy compared him to Garibaldi, and
England to Gladstone.
he universities of Cairo, Chris
tlanla, Berlin, Cambridge and Oxford
awarded him honorary degrees.
In Germany, Kaiser Wilhelm, who
had once. during the Venezuelan crisis,
been compelled to back down rapidly
by Theodore Roosevelt. welcomed the
man who had outdone him at the game
OF diplomacy with distinction never ac
corded to any other visiting foreigner
below regal rank
A special review of the Prussian
Guard was held in his honor. Mounted
beside the Kaiser, Colonel Roosevelt
witnessed the spectacle with keen ap-
preclatlon and was cheered by the men
against whom his sons later were to
battle. when he was introduced to them
by, their war lord as "The famous colo
mel of the Rough Riders"
New-York tribune., 1919-01-07
Formed Progressive Party,
AfterDefeatby''O ''OldGuard'

Among the many things Colonel
Roosevelt brought back from South
Africa in 1910 was more definite
idea of the need for progressive legis-
!at'on of all kinds. His first activity
was to make a tour of the country.
beginning in 1910 and continuing
into 1911, lecturing on what he termed
"Thc New Nationalism." In these lect-
ures he outlined the programme of
legislative and judicial reforms that
later became the basis for the platform
of the Progressive party.
With the approach of the time for the
Republican national convention in Chi
cago, in 1912, it became increasingly ap-
parent that Colonel Roosevelt would
be willing to accept the nomination Of
that party for q third term as Presi-
dent The Progressive element of the
party had started a boom for Senator
La Toilette, of Wisconsin, and Colonel
Roosevelt had expressed himself as
tavorlng the La Toilette candidacy.
But the Wisconsin Senator did not
appear to have anything like the sub
stantial backing necessary to get the
nomination. at Chicago. Generally it
was conceded that Roosevelt was the
one man who could reunite the rapidly
dividing factions of the party and win
a victory at the polls.
Meanwhile, there were numerous
evidences of probable split between
Taft and Roosevelt. President Taft
had affiliated with the faction of the
party that Roosevelt was openly de-
nouncing as reactionary, and the
Roosevelt denunciations, without much
stretch of the imagination, could be
construed as including President Taft
within their scope.
Breaks With Taft
The break finally came four months
before the convention when, on Febru-
ary 26, 1912, Roosevelt finally an
nounced his intention to become q
candidate for the Republican nomina-
tion. What followed constitutes the
most sensational chapter in the history
Of tho Republican party.
In every state there were pronounced
Roosevelt and Taft factions. When
the delegates reached the convention
it WAS evident that the two factions
were about equally divided, with GER
tain contested delegations holding the
decisive votes.
The hopes of the Roosevelt men were
soon wiped out, however, by tho "ateam
roller" tactics of the stand-pat element
Entire delegations of contesting Roose-
welt delegates were rejected and Taft
men seated. When final count of the
properly accredited delegates was made
1t was found that Taft had 564 votes
and Roosevelt but BIO.
Tho charges of dishonesty mado
against the stand-pat leaders by the
Roosevelt men were numerous. Colonel
Roosevelt, himself, did aot hesitate to
say that II the convention nominated
Taft 1t would be plain steal and that
an honest man could not accept such a
aominntion. Tho Colonel was i'm
portuncd by HIS advisers to bolt the
party and organize a party represent
Ing the Progressive element OF Rcpub-
leans and Democrats Because Of his
long belief that he could accomplish
New-York tribune., 1919-01-07

the terrific gain in morale which their
presence would give to troops of the
Allies, he urged that at least one com
plete American division be sent to the
front at the earliest moment, that its
numbers be kept full and that other
divisions be placed side by side with it
when possible to send them over.
Training in France Urged
AS matter of fact" he said. half
their training should be given our
troops on the other side of the water
At the same time he made strong
appeal to all Republicans to support
the Adm nistration in pushing the war
TO successful conclusion. He never
ceased, both in his speeches ard in
ms magazine articles, TO warn the
country to mobilize all its resources
men, food and munitions and never
ceased to point out any action by the
Administration which he thought might
impair American effectiveness.
Up to the conclusion of the war he
gave strenuous opposition TO any peace
plan which would allow German mill
.arism again to endangcr the world.
OF nothing was he prouder than of
the spirit shown by his four sons when
they responded TO their country's call.
On the very day he received news Of
the death OF his son Quentin, killed in
an air battle with a German aviator
in France, Colonel Roosevelt sent a
letter TO the soldiers in France saying
he would give anything to be over
with you"
Halls Men at the Front
"G send my heartiest greeting to you
men at the 'front.'" he wrote. You
have made all of us who stay behind
lift our heads high with pride by what
you are doing. 1t is you men, and
only you men, who are doing the one
vital work for the American people to-
day. All good Americans at this time
owe homage to the fighting men at the
fighting front. What you are doing is
vital for the honor and interest, for
the future welfare and for the vcrv
existence of cur republic, and you are
also battling for the very existence of
every Wen behaved, civilized nation,
big or little
"I congratulate you on the great
good fortune that IS yours in that you
now have the chance to endure the
hardship and peril for that great ideal
and to render to our country the great
New-York tribune., 1919-01-07

81 have never said anything that I
wasn't ready TO back up" he said
The case was tried at Syracuse.
where witness after witness was hear
TO support the Roosevelt statement
Barnes produced bundle of letters to
prove that Mr. Roosevelt had been in
innate with Senator Platt AT the time
Re was denouncing him in public The
Colonel offered satisfactory explana~
ton of the letters, which, he said.
were written in an effort to make use
Of Platt in the interests of the public.
The jury finally returned a verdict
in favor of Mr.. Roosevelt.
New-York tribune., 1919-01-07
Colonel Called ON the Nation
For Vigorously aged War
Ills Last Years Spent in Plea for Preparedness
and Victory Over Cermany-His Great Influ-
ence Over American Morals Long Recognized

on his return after this trip was to
prepare to defend himself in libel
suit started against him by William
Barnes, ir reputed boss Of the Re
publican party in New York State.
Barnes charged that Colonel Roosevelt
had SAID that the "rottenness" Of poll
ties in New York was due to the domi-
nance of Tammany Hall, aided by
Barnes and his followers, and that he
had been gros sly Nbelled.
The Colonel showed no evidence of
a readiness to retract when the papers
IN the suit were served upon him.