davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04
By w. 10. HINDs, Entomologist.

This question is being asked by many
 cotton growers at this time. They are
 considering the lateness of the cotton crop, it's unusual weedy, rank condi- | tion and the danger that many bottom | holls may rot unless the heavy foliage
 can be reduced within very short time. | Many consider the occurrence of the cot ! ton worm under these conditions may be of real benefit to the crop, and that it will not be advisable to poison for cot | ton worm control.
 1 At the present time cotton worms are
 reported as stripping cotton in a large
 number of counties scattered from the extreme southern to the extreme north ern portion of the state. The boil weevi l is reported as ser.ously injurious in fully two-thirds of the state. and is un- doubtedly present in every county. al though not serious in it's effect thus far in the northern counties.
 Under these conditions it is difficult
 to advise any general method of proceed ure that will apply to all fields. The decision as to the advisability of pois- oning should depend primarily upon the number of half-grown bolls that may be protected and brought to maturity if the cotton worm is properly controlled This is effected also by the presence or
 absence of squares which may diverge the weevil from the bolls, or force them to concentrate their attack on the younger bolls. It is entirely possible that
 in many cases reduction in the amount of foliage would be material aid to the crop, and this can be controlled or | stopped at almost any time if the cot ton grower has an abundant supply of dusting poles ready, and poison on hand so that the cotton can be dusted over { very quickly.
 It has been fully demonstrated that
 single dusting with calcium arsenate or
 arsenate of lead distributed by the pole and bag" method, as described in Ala bama Circular No 42. which will be sent to any person requesting it. will control
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04

In the final stage of the experimnet other measures to insure cleanliness were practiced. The manure was removed daily, clean bedding was supplied and the cows were groomed regularly with currycomb and brush. With these final precautions the bacteria count in the snall-top pails averaged only 21A to the cubic centimeter, or 1197,S47 less than were found in a sample when the barn and cows were dirty and the utensils were not steamed
 Milk is a highly perishable food and the length of time it will remain sweet and safe, especially for children, de- bends ampst entirely upon the constant care it receives from the COW to the consumer. Milk passes through thre !, agencies-the producer, the dealer and the consumer. If the first two have done their part, clean, safe milk vii be de- livered, thoroughly chilled, to the con sumer The best way to oeliger milk
 is in clean, well-capped bottes. If bot ted milk can not be obtained. the house. wife should arrange to have it received
 in a clean, scalded utensil. cover it in- stantly and place it immediately in a refrigerator or the coolest available pace.
 From the time milk is produced until it is consumed it should be kppt cool at a temperature of 50 degrees F. or low CT. At such temperature bacteria de- velops very slowly and milk undergoes little change. A slight rise in tempera- ture above this point, however, permits bacteria to multiply rapidly and brings about deterioration of the milk, which may render it unsafe for ordinary use and make it highly dangerous for babies and older children. In cooling milk dairymen should use facilities already ex- isting, such as cold water in wells or springs. When milk is drawn from COW it has a temperature of about 95 de- grees F. In the north we'll and spring water generally varies in temperature from 50 degrees to GO degrees F. By the use of surface coolers and a tank or running water milk can quickly be cooled and held to within two to four degrees of the temperature of water.
 During warm weather it may be neces- sary to ship or deliver milk twice day. This would have tendency to check spoilage, especially of evening milk which is usually more than 12 hours old when shipped. Milk dealers can do much to prevent spoilage by pasteurzing the milk, which not only kills disease bac- teria, but reduces the bacteria count and therefore delays spoilage.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04

About 200 boys in various sections or Alabama doubtless have been telling their families and playmates about the wonderful things they saw and heard
 in Auburn while attending the annual short course in agriculture for club boys They probably began with the swimming pool, the watermelon cuts, the base ball games, the free picture shows-for pleas ure looms large in the curriculum or every healthy, roundfaced schOolboy.
 But after this phase of their trip had been exhausted there were other things to tell of equal interest. By virtue Of a thoughtfully prepared programme much of the instruction to the boys was given out of doors in the fields. There was the model hog house, the self feeder the construction of the sweet po- tato storage house, the selection Of seed corn, the spraying and pruning demon strations in the orchards, the poisoning of the toll weevil, the judging of swine, dairy stock and cattle.
 And then there came long list or men and specialists prominent in the agrl- cultural work of the nation and the state, who talked to them intimately m the big auditorium of the agricultural build ing. To these speakers the boys un- folded their simple problems, asked ques- tions and received much good advice
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04
AGE-HERALDS FARM PAGES ;S555'
Boil Worm Inspection

During recent years the pink bollworm Of cotton, which has caused serious dam age in Mexico, Egypt and other coun- tries, has ben found at certain points in the state of Texas. The federal hor- ticultural board promptly took charge Of the situation and in cooperation with the Texas commissioner of agriculture. instituted such thorough methods of in-' spection and quarantine, together with the complete destruction of all cotton plants, bolls, ,etc, remaining in the fields throughout the infested area, that this pest was not only checked in it's spread. but appeared to have been exterminated throughout the area between Galveston and Beaumont.
 During the fall of 1918 however, new infestations were found near the Mex ican border in the western extension of Texas, known as the Big Bend, where control work is now under way.
 In the course of the work done by the federal horticultural board, every ship ment of lint or seed made from the in- fested area in Mexico to any and every point within the cotton belt especially. has been, or is being, traced to, the point of ultimate consumption, and to the final disposition of the notes or waste derived therefrom In this work it has been found that three cotton mills located in Alabama received some cotton from this territory.
 While there is little likelihood that infestation by this serious pest has oc- cured at any of these points, it is ad- visable as a precautionary measure to thoroughly inspeet all cotton fields sur rounding these mills. To accomplish this work the representatives of the federal horticultural board together with the d1partment of entomology at Auburn, is starting such inspections which will be continued at semi-monthly intervals for several months, or until there seems to be absolute assurance that this pest does not occur in Alabama.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04
First Honors

Connecticut is the first state in the union to enroll officially as a supporter of the Better Sires-Better Stock" cam paign of the United States department of agriculture Connecticut authorities have decided to deputize their county agents with authority to examine and approve the animals of each farmer who desires admittance to the 100 per cent pure-bred sire club. Delaware and Vir- ginia were the second and third states. respectively, to enroll. The campaign to begin October is arcusing keen interest throughout the country.
 The federal authorities in charge of the campaign will keep accurate records of the animals by kind. breed, sex and blood lines of each farmer who enrolls. The lists will be kept by states and coun- ties SO that there will be readily avail able a record of the breeding stock be- longing to farmers who have been grant ed the official emblem of the better-sires movement.
 An emergency county agent at Conyers, Ga., was the first to request enrolment blanks for distribution among the farm CTS Of his section.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04
Truck Traffic Increases

To determine the destructive effect cf heavily loaded auto trucks on highways and streets, and to meet the demand for data on the design of road surfaces and founda tions to withstand such heavy traffic, a series of experiments is being conducted by the bureau of public roads at the Arlington experimental farm to de- termine the impact of auto trucks on roads
 The most striking single development in the highway field in 1918 was the tre- mendous increase in motor truck trdfflc. Five years ago heavy motor trucks were few in number and limited practically entirely to the paved streets of larger cities These vehicles now comprise prob- ably 1 to : per cent of the grand total of all motor vehicles and are to be found wherever traffic conditions per- init profitable use. But very few roads were designed to carry any large vol ume of this class of traffic. Consequent ly. the cost of adequate maintenance was increased greatly during the year. In many places the damage due to the in cessant pounding of these fast and heavy vehicles was 50 great as to require com plete reconstruction.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04
Are You Thrifty?
By MRS. R. F. JOHN STON, state Director Woman's Division

State Director Woman's Division W. :. $. The whole nation is concerned with thrift, as one of the lessons taught by the war, and well it may be concerned it's practice. As the weeks go by and the years we are going to realize more and more the importance of saving a nest egg, something of tangible neces- sity to us in the hour of financial trial or sickness.
 No branch of society has practiced thrift more than the farmer and his family, but there are still many details about which we are all unfamiliar. Thrift means care and prudence in the management of resources and returns It means that we may lower the cost of in business and farming if we will prac- tice it.
 A thrifty population in either county, state or nation means prosperous, pro- gressive and contented people.
 The government of the United States has decided to sell War Savings Stamps
 
 And it is up to the farmer to buy his share.
 The main purpose of this action is to give the public a chance to save money in small installments.
 The War Savings Stamps are the best and the safest investment in the world.
 They will bring more than Az per cent interest at maturity.
 They are redeemable on 10 days notice at any money order postoffce if you want your money back.
 You get 1O0 cents on every dollar which you lend to the government plus interest. Just think of the money you can make on War Savings Stamps.
 You can save enough money to build your own home.
 You can save enough money to give an education to your children.
 You can save money to live on in time when you are sick and not working.
 You can save money to live on without work when you get old.
 You are helping your starving brothers in the old country They need clothing and food Some of them may be your own cousin or friend.
 Keep your War Savings, Stamps. Do not sell them to agents. Buy more.
 You can buy War Savings Stamps from the mail carrier who comes to your home, from the postoffice, from the bank or in your lodge.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04

Much may be done to improve the country branch of the hide and skin in dustry by marketing the hides and belts on a graded and selected oasis accord ing to relative merits, and by avoiding many of the proit-absorbing, informed iary agercies through more direct mar !>eting by the rural producers In this way, says the United States department of agriculture, country producers will not derive more profits, but the profits will be commensurate with the quality of their products, a condition which will prove an incentive to produce hides and skins of the best possible quality.
 The preparation of hides and skins for market is Of great importance, as where thcv are not properly prepared and shipped they are subject to great de- terioration. The farmer who has thor oughly cured a number of hides and skins by the green salting method com rT,only followed should place them over some elevated object, such as 6 barrel They should remain there ovac night, to drain free of excess moisture, after which the surplus salt should he swept off or removed by thoroughly shaking the hides. If the hides are handled in this manner, and thoroughly cured before being shipped. the shrinkage should be relatively small when they are finally weighed at the hide house. If the hides are not thoroughly cured, if they have been in salt, only day or two before shipping, do not remove any of the salt as the hides may spoil.
 As rule hides are folded so that the hair side is out. It is essea;iol to fold in the head and neck on the body of the side, flesh surfaces together. and to turn IT, the tail in a similar manner. Ther. a narrow fold or. each side should be made by throwing back the body edges and legs upon la body of the hils, flesh surfaces together. keeping rhe lines of the folds pa. allel. The legs should then be folded ba.'S and these lapped with the hair surfaces together bringing the break of each fc,d near the middle line of the back. The side folds sh ould then be completed by bringing together the two breaks of the folds, with he riddie line of the buck as the man fold, in this way making one long rectangular bundle The butt end of the folded hide should then be thrown forward about four-ffths of the distance to the neck fold, whereupon the forward portion of
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04
SHOULD WE DUST COTTON?

the cotton worm in spite of the occur renee of frequent rains. Only few hours presence upon the foliage, full strength, with the residue left after any ordinary rain, seems to be sufficient to check the attack of an entire genera tion of cotton worms. Thus the plants may be one-half defoliated by the worms and the work of the worms stopped short at that point by proper dusting, but the work of the worm is so rapid when it reaches this stage of procedure that every preparation for the work must be made in advance if they are to be con- troled, and the complete stripping of the plants prevented.
 As to the cost of cotton worm control with the present prices of arsenical pois- ons, it is likely that one application can be made for approximately dollar cost per acre. At present prices of cotton, if only one boil be saved for every six or eight plants in the field. it will pay to dust for cotton worm control.
 It must not be expected, however that q singe application for cotton worm con- trol will exert much appreciable effect in boil weevil contro, but it is certain that the attack upon the young bolls by the weevils or the development to ma turity of half-grown bolls can be checked or promoted, as the case may be, by proper dusting.
 supplies or calcium arsenate and ar senate of lead have been concentrated in Birmingham and Montgomery espe- cially, by wholesale druggists and chem ical manufacturers to meet the cotton worm situation.
 And materials of calcium arsenate or arsenate of lead not used this season in cotton worm control can be carried over to 1920 and used at that time, if desired for boil weevil control.
 Do not think that it is too late to pay for cotton worm dusting for several weeks yet, so long as cotton is growing and maturing bolls. It will undoubtedly pay to control the cotton worm, especial ly in the nothern part of Alabama, for several weeks vet
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04

In marketing milk or dairy products that meet the highest demand and bring the best prices. the first step is in it's production. Only milk from healthy cows should be used for human food. It should be produced under clean sur- rcundings and be handled in such a way that increase of bacteria, which cause the milk to sour, be held as low as pos sible
 It does not require expensive barns and elaborate equipment to produce milk of low bacteria count. The dairy specialists of the United States department of az rioulture have proved this in a prac- tical experiment. The experiment was begun by placing four cows in an ordi- nary frame tarn and employing an un- trained worker to milk and care for the animals. No extra attention was devot- ed to cleaning the barn, and for six months the cows were kept under these conditions Then, without any change in barn management, two COWS were mixed into small-top pails and the two others were milked into ordinary open top pails. The milk from the open-top pals averaged 497,652 bacteria to the cubic centimeter, and the milk from the smal-to pails averaged 36S, ,214-a differ ence of 129,439
 The next step in the experiment con- sisted of sterilizing the cans and the pails with live steam, but other cond:- tons remained as before. The milk from the sterilzed small-top pails averaged orly 17,027 bacteria to the cubic centi- meter, a reduction of 351 ,1S7 in favor of sterilization. With the open pails ster- ifzation reduced the bacteria to 22,677, q decrease of 475,976 compared with milk from the unsterilized open pails. Ster ilization is not difficult nor expensive. The dairy specialists of the department have developed a simple steam steriizer which can be made at home, or can be purchased complete for about S10 to s15. Complete directions for making It can be obtained by writing to the Dairy Di- vision of the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. c.
 In the third stage of the experiment the manure was removed from the barn twice instead Of only once a week, and the udders and teats of the cows were washed before each milking. These reasonable measures of cleanliness reduced the count in milk drawn into the sterilized small top pails to 2SS6 bacteria to the cubic centimeter, and in the sterilized open top pails ot 6166. Ordinary cleanliness, it can be seen, caused a reduction of over 1o GOO bacteria to the cubic centimeter.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04
Sheep and Lam Record

July rece pts of 457.619 sheep and lambs were the largest on record for that month at the Chicago Union Stockyards, ex- ceding by 1906 animals the former record of July, 1912, according to the United States department of agriculture. This years run exceeds that of July, 1918, by 117,27 animals. The increase is attributed to the mild weather and favorable spring which resulted in an increase in the number of marketable lambs and also to the fact that earlier lambing and mar keting are being practiced. Drouth con- ditions in the northwest range district and the late start of Tennessee and Kentucky lambs marketward also were factors in swelling the July receipts.
 Miss Mary B. Jenkins of Bath this year raised the first crop of cotton ever grown in Maine. Miss Jenkins planted the cotton as an experiment to find out whether cotton could be grown in New England.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04

wool growers. W. D. Barton, district demonstration agent of the Alabama ex- tension service for southern Alabama, an- nounces that additional sales will be held within the next few weeks at Brewton, Bay Minette and Citronelle. Probably this was the first large sales day for wool held in the state.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04

Keep the nests clean provide one nest ,or every four hens. Gather the eggs twice daily. Keep the eggs in cool, dry room or cellar. Market the eggs at least twice a week. Purchase well-ma- tured bullets rather than hens.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-09-04

<~Now isr the time to build the new poul Ary house or remodl the old one, so as ko have everything ready and comfort able for the hens that are to produce the winter eggs.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-02-18
CURIOSITY CAUSES FIRE
Man Applies q Match to See II Coal
Oil vii Burn.

Inquisitiveness on the part of an
employee Of the Grand Trunk Railway
company, who applied a match to a
pool Of coal oil ito see IL 1t would
burn was responsible for the confia-
grafton which wiped out the freight
sheds, Offices and % loaded and I'M
loaded cars of the company q { Ottawa.
Can, with a total loss of 81 10000.
Henry Daoust, a freight handler.
who appeared at the inv stigation
proceedings with his face badly burn
ed and one of his hands svvathed In
bandages. frankly told how he had
come to start the blaze. He said he
had noticed a pool of liquid on the
floor. of the freight shed, close to a
number of barrels which had been
shipped In from the inland re n de-
partment.
He did not know what the liquid
was, but was curious to see whether
II would burn. He applied a match
with tho result that the liquid burst
into d blue flame. Almost Immediate
~ an explosion occurred, which hurled
him backward.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-02-18
Stamps Of 1918.

Another year comes to a close with
far more than 500 new postage stamps
having been issued" writes Kent b.
Stiles in his department, STAMPS" In
Boys Life. "The chronicle at this
writing shows a total Of 511 varieties,
but 1t will be several months yet be-
fore American collectors can gain In
formation regarding many issues re-
ported abroad, so that the record for
1918 may tell Of as many as 600. In
1917 there were 900 varieties.
these 511 varieties were put forth
by nations and their possessions-such
as islands. protectorates, colonies. de-
tendencies, occupied territories, etc
to the number Of SS governments. OF
the 511 varieties 3SS were due to the
wal alone. The United States has Is
sued more than fifty varieties. includ'
ing shade and die varieties due to In
ferior dyestuffs and to worn plates
but the British empire leads the list
with nearly 200 varieties"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-02-18
OLYMPIC HAS war
RECORD AS TRANSPORT
Has Carried 100000 Persons
Safely Across Atlantic
Since 1914.

The White Star liner Olympic holds
the war record as a transport, having
transported 100000 persons, mostly
soldiers. safely since 1914. 1t was the
Olympic that tried to tow the British
warship Audacious into port after the
latter had hit a mine. The Olympic
took troops to Gallipoll, brought Chi
nese labor battalions to France and
since Christmas, 1917, until the armis-
tice was signed, carried American
troops.
The Olympic, while carrying U. s..
soldiers during March, April and May,
was seven times attacked by U-boats,
but not once did the enemy have time
to launch a torpedo, owing to the
sharp lookout kept and the wonderful
seamanship of Captain Hayes, her
commander, and work Of the destroy
ers. The Olympic wassaymed with six.
inch uns and used them effectively
against U-boats.
The vessel is not without war scars,
having bent some of her plates In
rdmm1ng a U-Doat, from whirn ~ mem
bers Of the crew were made prisoner.
This occurred In the early morning of
a day last May, when a U boat that
carried q crew of 60 awaited In the
semidarkness to torpedo the American
troopship. The Olympic whitfield about,
almost like a racing yacht. and made
for the U-boat, silcing off it, nose. A
six-inch shell was planted In the re-
mainder Of the craft as II drifted past.
BY the light of star shells a destroyer
picked up 81 Germans, three of whom
died.