davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-05-11

Jim" Hill. the empire builder of the
Northwest, was not an Argonaut, to
be sure. yet his widow may justly be
classed among the wives of eminent
pioneers. His marriage was as ro-
mantle as everything else in his life.
and was particularly happy one, not
withstanding religious circumstances
that are commonly supposed to be I'M
favorable to happiness. 1t occurred
when he was % and just getting a
foothold in St Paul. where he had
out n clerkship in n commission
house to become the agent OF a line of
river boats.
Mary Theresa Michigan lived in a
st. Paul hotel when the forceful
young man with the Jovelike forehead
first met her. They were married in
1867. and rose in life together, both
remaining faithful 10 their respective
religions.
Hin never became a Catholic, as at
one time he was rumored TO have done,
but twenty years after his wedding he
made the first of a series of large
donations to Catholic projects, proba-
bly, the largest item of which was
$500. 900 toward establishing n theolog-
ical seminary in st. Paul. Called upon
by the recipients for speech on that
occasion he said that although he was
not of their faith n long family ex-
perience had taught him the truth,
applying to those who were of 1t. of
the verse: BLESSED are the pure In
heart"
Since the death OF Coils p. Hunting
ton, in 1900, Mrs. Huntington has
passed much time abroad. Her New
York home is on Fifth avenue, at Fiji
ty-seventh street. Her former Paris
home. once the property of Eugene,
| was sold several years ago,
The sun., 1919-05-11

OF the American heroines of Halevy's
celebrated idyll, Liable Constantin."
A whole legend has grown up around
Mrs. Mackay's social resplendence in
the British and French capitals, and
In Rome. Stories manifestly prepos-
ferrous have been told of her and dis
credited: witness one to the effect that
she once offered to purchase the Arc
de Triomphe, for an adjunct to some
entertainment she was giving in her
Paris residence near by! In 1888 she
sat for a portrait to Meissonier. His
work did not please her. Again lively
imaginations occupied themselves in
turning out accounts of the contro-
versy with the great painter. One
version was that Meissonier refused to
idealize the portrait as she wished, and
In rage put his foot through the can
vass. According TO another. Mrs.
Mackay destroyed 1t herself Both
were disproved ten years later when
she exhibited the painting to friends
in her home. II was not, however,
hung with the Mackay collection.
Mrs. Mackay Is devout Catholic,
and in 1906 it became known that she
was the previously anonymous donor
of 100000 to the Vatican. This gift
had been widely attributed to the
former Empress Eugene.
In 1914 she appealed for an Amerl-
can protest TO Germany In the matter
OF the atrocities. evidence Of which she
had seen while engaged i'm war work
at the front. During 1915 her resi-
dence on Carlton House Terrace, Lon
don. was offered for sale, as physicians
had advised her to live in the climate
of southern Europe. Her son. Clarence
II. Mackay, recently retired from the
head OF the cable and telegraph COM
panies founded by his father.
The sun., 1919-05-11

over all of it above the expenses OF a
frugal life to the university, and she
offered for sale her magnificent collec-
ton of Jewels, none of which she had
worn since her sons death.
The collection was valued at 81 ,000.-
900 to $2,O00.0OO. 1t included four sets
OF diamonds, then valued together at
$500, 900. which Senator Stanford had
bought in for her when the jewels of
Queen Isabella OF Spain were sold in
Paris.
The outcome OF the suit was a VIC
tory for Mrs. Stanford, the courts hold
ing that the stockholders liability
laws had been passed after the Gov
eminent had made it's contracts with
the railroads in which her husband
had been interested. Stanford Univer-
sity, whose future had been In jeop-
ardy, was saved. In 1901 Mrs. Stan
ford completed its endowment by the
transfer of sac, 900. 900 worth of securi-
ties and real estate. She also gave her
San Francisco home, on Mob Hill, to
become an art gallery and museum.
During her life she ruled the uniyer-
sity in a very real and absolute sense.
In 1900 a professor of economics
was requested to resign because
she did not like his views on silver.
Chinese immigration. municipal own
ership and other questions. Other fac
ulty designations. made In protest, fol-
lowed his. The American Economic
Association took up and aired the
charge OF interference with liberty OF
scientific thought. and a good deal Of
discussion followed. Mrs Stanford died
in Honolulu in 1906. full control OF the
university passing to the trustees. A
residue Of her jewels was sold In the
settlement of her estate and furnished
still existing Jewel fund.-" which
The sun., 1919-05-11

clay stirrer attached to a water cooled
tubular shaft. The movement of this
attachment is in ever changing circles
and so directed that it will not engage
the inner side OF the pot and thus
grind away the surface and mix the
foreign matter in the vitreous compo-
sition.
1t was not enough to develop stir
ring mediums; TO determine the char
acter and the proportion Of the in
gradients: and to find ways to supply
the necessary heat and to vary tho
temperatures carefully over wide
ranges Of the thermometer, TO guar
antee satisfactory optical glass. The
Germans had enjoyed another advan-
tage in the matter OF the materials
which they employed In modelling tho
pots in which they melted their diff
ferent mikes" These pots had to be
sufficiently refractory to withstand
great heat, but they had also to be OF
such purity that they would not faint
and impair the glass in the making.
Upon this point the Bureau Of
Standards has dwelt in its last report.
In touching upon its work in promot-
ing the domestic manufacture OF opti-
cal glass the director says: "One OF
the fundamental problems connected
with tho production Of optical glass
is the use of pots resistant to the
corrosive action OF these glasses and
very low in iron content. For this
reason the clay products laboratory
has devoted considerable attention to
this work, with the result that very
satisfactory composition of the nature
OF porcelain has been worked out.
which resists even the violent corrod-
ing action OF the heavy barium
glasses"
Tho bureau not only determined the
suitability Of native clays but de-
veloped methods for the making OF the
pots. These containers have TO with
stand a temperature OF 1850 degrees
ahrenheit-somewhat higher than
the melting point OF steel The
bureau produced pots In ample guam
tity for its own work and furnished
some to the glass industry. in add
ton to providing directions for their
manufacture.
In solving its share OF the optical
glass problem, the Bureau of Stand
ards drew upon the funds provided fo-
national security and defence TO the
amount of a little less than SIS 900.
This might sound like a large sum.
but It was a trife 10 pay toward es-
tablishing our independence IN a field
so long dominated by n German
monopoly. The work OF the Govern
ment agencies. the Geophysical Labo-
ratory, the Bausch & Lomb Optical
Company. the Pittsburg Plate Glass
Company, &c, has given us powers
OF vision lacking which the best OF
our ships and guns would have been
as futile as the blind in contending
with the foe.
The sun., 1919-05-11

uncertain. All OF this most i'm
portant material that the company
could count on for its future oper-
atoms was the surplus stock
which It CHANGED to have in its
vaults at tho time.
The other members OF the
company accordingly became def
nitely interested in the problem,
and in the winter of 1914-l5
second building was erected on the
river fats, containing two gas
firing furnaces and one pot arch.
or smaller furnace, which is used
for the preliminary heating OF the
pots. The work could now be I'M
dertaken on a larger and much
more effective scale. for. with the
knowledge of theory and formulas
already acquired. successful pro-
duction was largely a matter Of
persistent experiment and repeat
ed effor.. The first melt OF barium
The sun., 1919-05-11

those vitality concerned retarded de-
velopment work, strong in the belief
that the war would be but a matter of
weeks and the old source Of supply
soon again available"
Happily for us, Government agen-
cies had given consideration to the
ultimate creation of a native optical
glass industry, and the United States
Bureau of Standards was an official
pioneer in this direction. In regard
to its work along these lines. the last
annual report OF the Secretary of
Commerce says;
AT the time we entered the war the
bureau had been actively interested
for several years in the problem OF
producing optical glass in the United
States. 1t was the belief that this
country could be a producer Of opti-
cal glass. and the bureau planned to
do its part in stimulating such pro-
duction. both by experiment and re-
search and by the closest possible CO.
operation with the industries con-
cerned.
when we became a belligerent the
problem was no longer one Of national
pride or revenue or independence OF
foreign supplies. The production OF
optical glass In America became an
acute, vital and immediate necessity.
The bureau, therefore. promptly ex-
banded its force and assigned the
needed assistance to the existing glass
section of the bureau. with instruc-
lions to develop the methods OF pro-
ducing glasses of all varieties required
on a commercial scale.
1.-THE technical literature contained
a sufficient variety Of acceptable for
mulas, but little as to technique. Ex-
periments were conducted by the
bureau. and every detail Of the manu-
facture was worked out by study OF
theory, by actual experiment, and by
the study of each factor affecting the
optical quality Of the glasses produced
The result was gratifying. The bureau
The sun., 1919-05-11
THESE
~ AXE 0o0'e~o9N0

imposed task and his subsequent
achievements are illustrative of the
state of the art and how much success
In this new field OF American enterprise
turned upon chance.
Finds n Belgian Collabora tor.
There had come to America some
years previously Belgian, Victor Mar
tin by name. who had hoped to engage
here in the manufacture Of optical
glass. He had technical training
and believed the United States offered
him the opening he desired Finding.
however. that American capital was
not interested in promoting the pro-
duction of optical glass he turned his
attention to the making OF plate glass
instead.
Mr.. Bausch got In touch with Martin
and put him at work In his experiment
tai plant, which he had built at Roches-
ter down on the fiat land adjacent to
the Genesee River. There he erected
The sun., 1919-05-11

n moderate sized oil firing furnace for
his Belgian collaboration. The road to
achievement was beset with many DIFF
ficulties. and 1918 came to a close with
out yielding results Of distinctively
encouraging nature. Nevertheless, both
Mr.. Bausch and Martin were whole
heartedly absorbed in their task, and
they were learning things that they be-
lieved would eventually lead them to
victory.
What followed has been interesting
ly described in a recent issue of the
Scientific American:
an the spring of 1914 Martin
designed and built another oil FIR
ing furnace but was unable to
hold the required temperature
with It. The city gas. as then APP
Piled proved to be an equally un-
satisfactory source Of heat; and
efforts were practically suspended
until after the war started In Eu-
rope. Then the importation Of
glass speedily became difficult and
The sun., 1919-05-11
TIE DESIRED LENSES
pAoTos sy COURTESY OF eAUscH LoAs OPTICAL

has developed the types OF optical
glass required for military purposes
in the war. and has produced them on
a commercial scale. 1t Is now supply
ing optical glass in quantities made in
its own shops to be used for the manu-
facture of optical Instruments. The
glass Is Of excellent quality"
The optical glass laboratory. called
into being by the Bureau OF Standards
during the summer OF 1917, was in
stalled at the plant Of the Plttsburg
Plate Glass Company. and during the
succeeding twelve months 200 melts of
glass were made in large pots-one of
these being big enough to hold 1000
pounds. In consequence OF that ex-
perience, the officials Of the bureau
mastered In practically every detail
the processes Of manufacturing optical
glass and succeeded in producing seven
types Of the material having different
characteristics. In addition to actual
production, the researches covered
wido field, and the amassed data are OF
such extent and nature that II Is con-
fidently predicted we can henceforth
meet all of our own needs.
Aid From other Sources.
In addition to the Bureau Of Stand
ards the Geophysical Laboratory OF
the Carnegie Institution, in Washing
ton. lent its aid generously in dealing
with the problem that confronted US
In preparing TO do battle with the
Central Powers. At one time more
than two-thirds Of the scientific STAFF
Of that laboratory were at work IN the
different domestic glass factories. and
by reason of their professional attain
ments helped to surmount the obsta-
Giles that stood in the path to that goal
which only the Germans were thought
to have reached.
A party of six was assigned by the
Geophysical Laboratory in April Of
1917 to the plant Of the Bausch &
Lomb Optical Company and for more
The sun., 1919-05-11

crown glass, In May. 1915. came
out purple and was not disable.
In the third melt Of the same
month, however. some light crown
and dense flint glass were pro-
duced, which were disable. During
the following month light flint
was also successfully produced.
and experiments were begun on
most Of the other types Ia more
common use.
Triumph over German Monopoly
Thus, after three years of
labor. more disheartenlng than
can be indicated here, following
several other years of dreams. the
victory had been won and another
European mohopoly, an exception
ally tenacious one, had been
broken. No boastful announce
ments were made, however, as the
pioneer producers wished to be alb
solutely sure of their ground be-
fore taking the public into their
confidence. In the early summer
OF 1916 specimens of several differ
ent types Of optical glass were dis
played at the national conventions
of the American Medical Associa-
ton and the American Optical As
ISOLATION, in order to allay the
somewhat panicky fears of the
trade and profession at large. In
the winter of 1861 the plant
produced glass which was used in
the manufacture OF several hun
dred high priced anastigmat pho
Geographic lenses hitherto enpIs,-
ing only the highest grade Jena
glass. These lenses we're fitted to
speed cameras and subjected to
the most eXacting tests.
when America entered the war,
in April, 1917, one OF the first OBJ
jects of the Governments concern
was the supply of optical glass.
The authorities made Il survey Of
the situation and found that of the
several establishments at that
time contending with the problem.
the plant which William Bausch
The sun., 1919-05-11

tainty? In telescope gun sights,
stadimeter telescopes, field glasses,
binoculars, airplane cameras, long
distance cameras. range finders of
various sorts. and periscopes for use
in the trenches, in turrets, and to pro-
vide eyes for the submarine. And
then, optical glass was in demand for
spectacles and eyeglasses. for goggles
and for face masks.
An Alarming Shortage.
When the European war started
our optical concerns had in store
enough imported glass to meet normal
demands for about two years; but in
a brief while the Entente Powers were
turning to us both for range finders
and binoculars in quantities far be-
yond the productive capacities Of
either their own plants or our optical
establishments. The glass In store
was rapidly withdrawn and worked
into vitality necessary military equip
ment. In a few months II came home
to US that we were facing an newt
able shortage of optical glass. and the
question was where could we look for
a sufficient supply of this indispens-
able commodity? The general pub
lie did not appreciate the gravity OF
the impending deficiency. Our naval
and military authorities were pro-
foundry disturbed. however, for they
grasped the disquieting fact that the
best of the optical apparatus at their
disposal were what they were princi-
pally because OF their lenses of Ger
man glass.
American optical concerns had pom
dered their reliance upon the Jena
product. and some of them had given
heed prior to 1914 to the desirability
Of manufacturing similar glass in this
country, but little II anything was
done beyond an experimental scale.
AS has been said by a writer in
Chemical and Metdlluroicd Engineer
ing:
1.-The glass companies could see no
reason to finance the necessary ex-
pensive experiments unaided by the
consumer. especially when the annual
requirements were relatively small
and no market was actually assured.
Those using such glass were satisfied
with their source of supply and con-
sequently the little work that had
been done was unsupported and half
hearted. Even after the war began
The sun., 1919-05-11

Tie GLASS is BROKEN IN PIECES IN
REMOVING IT FROM TIE POT, AND THESE
PIECES, AFTER PASSING INSPECTION, ARE
SUBSEQUENTLY,, REMEETEO sno PRESSED INTO
BLANKS APPROxiMkThG TIE SIZES OF
TIE DESIRED LENSES
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13
FOOLS AND THEIR FOLLY

The May Day plans of the bolshe-
Wiki in this country, as revealed by
some of the men in their councils,
were extraordinarily ambitious. A
trusting Cleveland Red" is credited
with the statement that the paraders
in his city had everything arranged
as follows:
They we're going to meet on the
big public square. converging from
four different directions, and seize
the adjacent federal building, then
take the banks and the city hall,
providing themselves with funds and
proclaiming their leader mayor. At
the same time a similar program was
to be followed in several other big
cities. The West Virginia bolshe-
visits were to attack the penitentiary
where Eugene " Debs is confined,
liberating Debs, taking him to Wash
ington and installing him as presi-
dent.
The bolshevists were convinced,
said this man, that more than 80
per cent Of the people were with
them in spirit, and that all that was
necessary was a bold move-the
country would succumb to bolshe-
vism without blow"
On May 2, as everybody knows,
the government at Washington still
stood, and every state and municipal
government in the country stood
likewise. All that the bold Reds
gained were heads broken and
clothes torn by the indignant public
with some slight help from the po.
lice.
All of which goes to show what
fools these bolshevists are, yet whose
foolishness might, II not giver
prompt attention, menace the entire
world.
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13
OBITUARY
Sarah Elizabeth Richards

Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Richards.
wife of the late w. NJ. Richards. and
who for many years was n resident
of Jackson and Josephine counties,
died at the homo of her son, W, A..
Richards. at Butte. Mont. May l.,
She had been i'll for several months.
Mrs. Richards was born In Ten
nessee January ~, iS49. She spent
her early womanhood In Arkansas
and was married to Columbus
Chandler on Boone county. Ark.
June 81. 1859. OF that union five
children were born. as follows: Mrs.
Mary Brockley. Mrs. Rhoda Dorais.
Augusta, John and Chas. The family
immigrated to Lassen county, Cali
fornia in 1879; moved to Ashland.
Oregon. in 1876; returned to Ada.
Cal, In 1877. After the death OF her
husband March 10, 1880, she return
ed to Jackson county and was mar
ried to VIM. Richards at Ashland.
September IS, 1881. or that union
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13

one son, w. A. Richards, was born,
Deceased made her homo In Med
ford, Merlin. Grants Pass and Korby
I'll the death OF her husband. VIM.
Richards, at Kerby, September 10.
1917 She moved to Butte. Mont.
November, 1917. and made her
home with her son. w, A. Richards.
I'll she passed away, Those at her
bedside. were her two sons. w. A.
Richards, his wife. John Chandler
and his wife, She leaves 70 mourn
her loss two sons.
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13

Entered at postoffice. Grants Pass,
Ore, as second class mail matter.
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13

According to the Oregonian, the
success Of criminal lawyer depends
upon how much he knows about sob
stuff" The Tacoma News-Tribune
differs and says 1t takes well-turn-
ed ankle, dimples and fluffy hear to
sway jury. No ground for quar-
rel-they are both right-the Ruth
Garrison trial proved that.
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13

Columns upon Columns have been
written about the tearing of Willie
Hearst's picture from a frame by
Captain Nease at the Portland Press
Clubs rooms, some writer's COM
mending the act and other condem-
ing it. By the way, has the
Press Club given reason for having
Hearst's picture on the wall?
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13
WHICH is THE BETTER IAMERI.
CAN?

CAN?
The men in the Kruse G Banks
yards at the Bay are. and have been
working under "open shop" condi-
tions, says the Gold Beach Reporter.
There are approximately about 100
less men in this yard than in that Of
the Coos Bay shipbuilding Co.
The men in the latter yard are
working under the rule Of the agita-
tors, on the CLOSED shop" or strictly
union plan.
The men in the Kruse & Banks
yard subscribed in the neighborhood
Of $4,000 in, about two hours "to
Finish the Jobi"-the Victory loan
Approximately 1os more men in
the Coos Bay yards working as we
said before, under strictly union con-
ditions, subscribed in the neighbor-
hood Of $4,000. to the same cause
in a whole week!
Which are the better Americans?
Which crowd would you depend on
II the Hun was at the door?
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13
CROWD WITNESSES
Continued from page -

Continued from page -
losis affecting other portions Of the
human body than the lungs is very
frequently of the bovine type. On
the other hand, tuberculosis of the
lungs in a human is practically al
ways caused by the human type.
They estimate that from to 10 per
cent of all cases OF human tubercu-
losis is Of bovine origin.
I'm almost every city where rigid
milk inspection has been enforced
tuberculosis among children has de-
creased very materially"
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13
COMING EVENTS

May IS, Tuesday-1First baseball
game OF season, Merchants VS.. Me-
chanics,
May IA. Wednesday Social In Pres.
byterian church parlors by Won.
ems Association.
May Is, Thursday--Class night, G.
p. High school.
May 10, Thursday---A G. Barnes
circus in Grants Pass,
May l6, Friday--High school com.
mencement.
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13

Ben Selling is complaining. ac-
cordiRg to the Oregon Voter. that
too many young men are buying S12
silk shirts. In the good old days"
$12 would have clothed the whole
family, and bought a rattle for baby.
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13

than death? 1t was but yesterday
that promoters of kultur were say
ing: "Bayonet the heart of every foe;
no prisoners. Crush their heads and
turn their lands into deserts" A
few weeks peace should not veil the
terror that threatened all civiliza-
tion.
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13

Some people may think the peace
terms too harsh and cruel. Have
you so soon forgotten mutilated
France and ravished Belgium For
gotten the countless thousands of
women and girls who met worse fate
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13
GRANTS PASS WEATHER

Following is summary of the
weather observation at Grants Pass
for the month of April, 1919.
Grants Pass daily courier. (Grants Pass, Or.) 1919-1931, 1919-05-13
TUESDAY. MAY Is, 1919,
>%%<<%< <<<t%<<<<<< =
OREGON WEATHER =

y Probably rain, warmer in 4
= east portion. Moderate south 4
= easterly winds.