davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
THE aAGeARD LAeoRER.

Cedar Rapids Gazette: The funta.
mental error OF the labor union, as
an outsider views it, Is the tendency
to gauge the amount OF production
on the laggard laborer, rather than
on the willing and skilled laborer.
The poor workman can join the
union and demand and receive q
wage equal to that of the good work
man. And the employer is by no
means the only one to suffer. The
good workman suffers, too. for the
employer, by being compelled to hire
and pay equal wages to the poor
workman. of course cannot afford to
pay the expert workman what right
fully should be his wage. il that
wage could be based on high aver
age of production rather than q low
one.
Such situation as this may drag
along for period 1t may be neces-
sary to pay as much for poor labor
as for good labor but the hope for
rectification lies within organized 10
Der itself. Surely the men who apply
themselves to their work, who are
loyal to their tasks and to their EN-
ployers, who are willing to give and
strive to give the best there is in
them, eventually will rebel against
having to be held back by laggards
who want to get as much as they
can for doing as little as they can
When there arises in labor's ranks O
leader who will put the cards on the
table, convince the workmen thai
the time has come for emancipation
from themselves as well as from
capitalistic domination. organized
labor really will come into its own.
IL organized labor wishes now &c
prove to the world its genuine inter
est in the improved welfare of al
mankind it can give full value fol
every penny received; just as some
representatives now are asking the
president to see that they receive
full value for every penny they
! spend. 1t is as fair one way as the
ether. and equally as essential to gen
eral stability
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
NEED OF SUPPLEMENTARY TREATIES.

Report that two parties to the Belgian gov
'ernment are moving to ascertain whether q
treaty agreement with this nation IS posslDie Dy
which Belgium can be promised aid In case OF
attack by Germany, as France would be pro
tected by the supplementary treaty now IN tie
hands of the United States senate, again susS
gests peculiar state Of mind in regard to the
league of nations. If all the nations that nave
reason to fear Germany resentment feel the
need of supplementary treaties to secure tneir
safety, the league of nations cannot appear to
them as the iron bulwarlS to peace and the super
state armed for compulsion which some inter
preters make of it. In fact it is hard to estl-
mate how France and Belgium do regard tins
league IF the signatories to it were to act In
accordance with its plain provisions, an unpro-
voked attack by Germany on either France OF
Belgium would enlist the armed intervention OF
the nations party to the league; II this is not
true the whole league covenant is farce. Be
cause it is believed to be true In this nation, the
league takes on a serious phase that seems TO
be unfelt by other nations. 1t is admitted that
our apprehension of what the president de-
dominates $ a moral obligation" apparently IS
clearer than that Of some other governments.
To put this matter bluntly, European nations
seem to be viewing the league as compact pro-
NOTED bv Great Britain and the United States
with Japan as supporter; they seem to desire
that their interests are promised support by
Great Britain and the United States or by one
Tor the other of these nations. The league
Iclause of the treaty does not warrant such an
Interpretation, but the Interpretation is indl-
Gated by the attitude Of France and Belgium;
lit has been foreshadowed by utterances OF the
Italian premier in urging his COMMITMENT to
keep before them the necessity of good accord
with it's .smost powerful friends Of the war;
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
PUZZLED BY BIRD NOTES.

Pearson's Weekly: Has 1t ever oc
Cured to you that many of the
sounds which birds make do no,
come from their threats at all, bat
are produced as mechanically as the
noise made by boy rafting stick
along palings?
One kind Of woodpecker Produces
a sound exactly like the distant rol
of a drum, which can be heard hat
mile away on still day.
The beats" are made at the rats
OF at least sixteen per second, anc
how the bird can do it is ono Of the
many mysteries of nature which has
still to be solved.
The "beating" of snipe is an
other puzzling performance. The
snipe has a way Of rising high in the
air, then dipping sharply, with wings
and tail outspread. 80
The wings CULVER from force Of
air pressure driven through them
and the sound is believed to come
from the rapid fluttering Of the In
dividual feathers. In any case. the
sound is produced not vocally, but
instrumentally.
You have perhaps heard corn
crake "rasping." 1t Is most harsh
and unpleasant noise, rather like
that of moving machine. 1t is
more than suspected that this sound
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
MISCONCEPTIONS.

The Review: No book has con-
tributed more to the general stock
of Interpretations than the bible. No
book exists in such a multitude of
forms, which may account for some
of the popular departures from the
wording of the King James version.
But it is not easy to supply reasons
for most peoples habit of saying
.Tn the sweat Of thy brow" when the
text reads ain the sweat of thy face
shalt thou eat bread" Why the
parting OF the ways" instead of the
parting of the way? Bone of my
bone" instead Of bone of my bones
and flesh of my flesh" may be due to
the desire for perfect parallelism.
And the same explanation may hold
for Thus far shalt thou come, but
no further" instead OF Hitherto
shalt thou come" But why the
general preference for better part, .
VIXEN we are expressly told that
MARY hath chosen that GOOD part" ?
The vulgate, for whatever reason,
says "the best part"-optimam par
tem-often cited in the middle ages
in proof OF the superiority OF the
contemplative life, as represented by
Mary, over the active life,symbolliz-
ed by Martha. But apparently no
such contrast was originally intended
Why, again. "a multitude of sins,
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
Don't Spoil Your Hair
By Washing 1t

When you wash your hair, be careful
what you use. Most soaps and prepared
shampoos contain too much alkali, which
is very injurious, as It dries the scalp
and makes the hair brittle.
The best thing to use Is Mulsitied Co.
coanut oil shampoo, for this is pure and
entirely greaseless. It's very cheap and
beats anything else all to pieces. You
can get this at any drug store, and a
few ounces will lasr the whole family
for months.
Simply moissen the hair with water
and rub it in, about teaspoonful il all
that is required. II makes an abundance
Of rich, creamy lather. cleanses thor
onphly. and rinses out easily. The hair
dries quickly and evenly, and Is soft.
fresh looking. bright, fluffy. wavy and
easy to handle. Besides, It loosens and
takes out every particle Of dust. dirt and
dandruff.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22

due to starved nerves. Our bodjs
need more phosphate than is con,
tanned in modern foods. Physician
claim there is nothing that will sun
ply this deficiency so well as tSss
organic phosphate known among
druggists as bitro-phosphate, which
is inexpensive and is sold by Wilkin
son G. Co. in Keolcuk and most all
druggists under guarantee Of salts
faction or money back. By feeding
the nerves directly and by supplying
the body cells with the necessary
phosphoric food elements, bitrophos
plate should produce welcome trans
formation in the appearance; the IN
crease in weight frequently being
astonishing. f9s
Increase in weight also carries
with it a general improvement In the
health. Nervousness, sleeplessness
and lack OF energy, which nearly al
ways accompany excessive thinnesss
should soon disappear, dull eyes
ought to brighten, and pale cheeks
glow with the bloom Of perfect
health. Miss Georgia Hamilton, wA
was once thin and frail, reportiE
her own experience, writes: "Biir
Phosphate has brought about mass
transformation with me. / gained i
pounds and never before felt y
we'll"
CAUTION: - Although bftrophas
phate is unsurpassed for relieVin
nervousness. sleeplessness and gel
eral weakness, it should not, OWN
to it's tendency to increase weigh
be used by anyone who does not q
sire to put on flesh.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
Bad Roads Raise Cost Of Living.

Kansas City Times: Increased
freight rates, OF course. mean higher
cost of living. That Is SO plain no.
body thinks of disputing 1t. Another
factor Of exactly tho same sort, which
is often overlooked In discussions, is
the high cost Of transportation caused
by bad roads. We are so used to
rough roads and muddy roads that It
hardly occurs to us that they enter
into the cost of living, But they do.
The more 1t costs to get food from
the farms to the towns, the higher the
cost of living Is bound to be. Any
comprehensive plan to keep the cost
of food to the consumer at the lowest
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
TODAY's BIT OF VERSE
THE SOUND OF RAIN.

Upon the heath the winds are laid; and starkiy
The tbstles stand their gaunt heads stiTy nassns'
Unmoying stone-like, when some one passing
Stirs with his cloak their stalks that rustic darky
And Heaven and Earth gravely one anothers;
Mist bound in one; the twain no more DIVIDED
AS when two friends having, In grief, connoeo,
Each one forgets his SORROW in the others.
Now to and fro the thistles plumes are driven;
And with the rush OF rain the hush is rven-
Like a loud answer to look replying.
One hears the wild rain whirling and the thistle,
Wind-whpped and torn, thin in the tempest whistle,
And grief unutterable fills the breast with signing
Madison CaWein
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
IOWA PRESS COMMENT.

Cedar Rapids Gazette: To be radi-
ga, seoma to be fashionable. but
what n seems to be and what 1t is are
two widely different and altogether
separate things. Radicalism occasion
aIlv becomes essential to progress be-
cause the change that Is necessary
really is 81 drastic one. But radicalism
for its own sake, that is, radicaiism
which is sponsored merely because
conditions permit 1t rather than de-
mand 1t, because to be radical Is 10
he IN style,-that sort OF radicahs1n
should and must be put down.
M.rshalltown Times Republican:
II Mexico knows when she Is Wei Oh,
she will hesitate TO pick quaii.'
with her northern neighoor just now
for your Uncle Samuel was never ~
finer fettle. and the question OF pre-
paredness does not have TO De se''ieu
Des Moines Capital: Strikes are
like the FLU" excepting that tney nase
n longer run. We are all engaged ~
striking at the profiteer without e4
actly knowing who he is. Ii we eau
get his goat, we shall not neeo tho
other goat so badly. But If We get al
these goats, we are going to nave
money to burn.
Fort Dodge Messenger: Those guilty
of willful profiteering should be sent
TO prison. We have an idea tnat q
few stiff prison sentences for proflteer-
ing would end this form of crime IN
short order.
Cedar Falls Record: "Pitiless pub
Ilicity" is to be employed in running
down profiteers. according to news
DISPATCHES. If 1t is the same brand as
that employed in Versailles we can
just imagine the profiteers and hoard.
ers shaking in their boots.
Cedar Rapids Republican: II none
of us ate an egg for month maybe
they would not be worth As cents a
dozen-they were really never worth
that as food quantity or quality-and
how many of lis would niss the eggs
we would not eat? There are a lot OF
ways in which to beat the game, lots
of ways of being wise, but most men
and women do not want to be wise. 1t
would so tire them, and heaven save
| them from tirednesS.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
possible figures must involve +.
wide movement for good ROAD y = 0'tp
It thin AND
NERVOUS, TRY
PhOSPHAl|
Nothing Like Plain Btro.p,.,
to Put on Firm, Healthy EI I.ss
ana to Increase Strength ''
Vigor and Nerve
Eorca.

Judging from the counties, -.
rations and treatments which Try
continually being advertised ~. y y
purpose of making thin peon,e =, y
developing arms, neck and hu, .esp Y.
replacing ugly hollows and anrls, g :
the soft curved lines OF healn y
beauty, there are evidently thou u ~
OF men and women who keon,r !. NY
their excessive thinness. '1
Thinness and weakness ara ~.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22

too, is produced otherwise than from
the throat Of the bird.
In America Is q sort of niEhtjar
called by the country folk q bull
mat" Like other nightjars, 1t is a
nightflying bird. but sometimes
comes out in the twilight. The sound
this bird makes is curious booming
tlrone which certainly does not come
from the throat, but Is probably
made by its wings as 1t swoops after
an insect. ~.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
Thy word is lamp unto my feet, and a
light unto my path-Ps. cxix, 105.
PASSING THE BUCK.

A reader of The Gate City whose letter shows
her to be woman of refinement and whose
query would seem to indicate that the males IN
her family, if there be such of whom she might
have asked the question, are scholarly recluses
out of touch with the hurrying current of mod
ern life, would like to know just what is meant
by s'passing the buck" and where the phrase
originated.
We shall not attempt to trace it to its ETY.
mological lair. It is one of those linguistic
sports or freaks produced by languages in rapid
evolution, a colloquial nova, so to speak, which
flames forth suddenly and is seen OF all men
until it fades away. Neither the bible nor
Shakespeare helps in this matter, nor any buck
empounds-buckeen, buckeye, blackboard OF
saw or tooth or tail or wheat; and while to buck
has come to mean to many stubborn resistance,
determined opposition, as to buck the tiger or
to buck against fate, that trail seems not to
lead directly to where we wish to 60 The at
tention of our university professors whose func-
ton and delight it is to hunt colloquialisms
back to their remote beginnings is respectfully
invited to the problem. Meanwhile and with
diffidence lay suggestion may be advanced
In certain games of cards where the deal is
considered desirable or the reverse, contentious
from time to time arose to where the prlvll-
eye Of disadvantage properly belonged. Some
of these differences of opinion Led to unseemly
agitation and even to coroners' 1nquests and
funerals of citizens deceased in the prime OF
their lives To avoid this inconvenience the
practice grew up of having the dealer pass a
counter to the player on whom the response
bility of dealing next time would devolve, and
this counter or token came to be called a buck.
The duty or burden was thus located where it
belonged according to Hoyle or the rules of
the game, and differences of opinion on the mat
ter became less common and calamitous. BY a
natural and easy transition the passing of the
buck hs come to mean the fixing of responsible
= ity for something done or left undone.
We are on surer ground, however, when we
come to consider the action or attitude which
the modern phrase SO graphically describes.
History abounds in cases Of notable personages
who undertook to shift the onus odium of an
act on someone else, and the most famous of
these was the first. Our paternal ancestor when
charged with dietetic dehnquicies may be said
to have passed the buck to Eve-which seems
like rather shabbily and unchivalrous act
and she passed it on to the serpent where il
rightfully belonged. AS it happened, however
neither of the crawlouts was successful and al
three Of the offenders were punished, as wa;
eminently right.
A more modern instance of passing the bucl
when the president disclaimed the powe
to relieve the country of war time prohibition
in times of peace and put upon congress respon
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22

sibility for acting or refusing to act. Congress
was too cowardly to meet the situation honestly
and then the president put it in quandary
again by informing the country that the mo-
ment he has authority to act he will give IL the
relief which congress refused to give. AS far
as this is contest between the Legislative ana
executive branches in passing the buck, 1t looks
as though the president had the better OF the
game.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22

when it said of charity that 1t shall
cover the multitude OF sins"T Per-
haps there is no other reason save
that the tongue Is an unruly mem
Der: such at least the world agrees
in calling It, though the Biblical text
describes it as IAN unruiy evil"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22

With your fingers! You can lift of
any hard corn. soft corn, or corn be-
tween the toes. and the hard skin cali
luses from bottom of feet.
A tiny bottle of "Freezone" costs
little at any drug store; apply few
drops upon the corn or callus. In
stantly 1t stops hurting, then shortly
you lift that bothersome corn or cailus
right off. root and ALL. without one
bit of pain or soreness. Truly, NO
humb ugi 4c43s
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22

A representative of American railway engin-
GERS got an audience with President Wilson, but
there's nothing remarkable about that Didn It
King George get an audience with him9
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22

To reduce the cost of living, old General
Greed and General Profiteering must be taken
out and shot at sunrise.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
AN uNwELcoME RESPONSIBILITY.

Great Britain is considering withdrawal OF
troops from Armenia IF all observers there
who have been heard from are to be believed,
this will be the signal for an attempt to prac-
tically obliterate the Armenian people as unit
Meantime the Armenians themselves, the
parties to the peace conference and to some ex-
tent all other nations take the position that the!
responsibility for the situation rests on US; that
the acceptance of a mandate for Armenia and
immediate procedure to fulfill that mandate
would make Armenia safe. This is most I'M
welcome responsibility thrust upon a people
who when it sent it's commissioners to Paris
never pre-visioned such an obligation for the
future to come of treaty settlements The Brit
ish government with all its experience in east
Asiatic affairs is plainly ayerse to undertaking
police work there now. No other nation comes
forward with offer of a policing army. The
conditions of the peace treaty forbid tree
hand in mandatory work; if Armenia was to be-
come protected territory from which meas
Iure of national advantage could be secured,
protecting nation probably could be quickly
found. But what is wanted is purely an al
Itruistic effort costing much money and probab-
lily lives of soldiers; and it is wanted ct u.s.
1 Investigations into the high cost of living
serve to restore confidence in age-long
years the public has had ample reason to sus-
pect the hen of profteering. The price of eggs
and the quality of eggs even at the price charg-
ed have been such that people had just cause
ito believe the hen not ION the job as she was
wont to be. But now eggs by hundred millions
are being unearthed in cold storage warehouses.
Hens have been laying them according to rule
but men have been sequestering them, against
the time when high prices might become still
higher It is something to know that the source
of supply is still intact and uncontaminated
with prevalent disinclination to work under
normal conditions.
! One great trouble about visiting adequate
punishment on the Prussian scoundrels respon-
sible for the war and its atrocities is that the
allied nations are too confoundedly civilized.
! A representative of American railway engin-
GERS got an audience with President Wilson, but
there's nothing remarkable about that Didn
/ King George get an audience with him9
) To reduce the cost of living, old General
Greed and General Profteering must be taker
out and shot at sunrise.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22

The true test happiness Is whether you Know VIVA.
Hay of the week miserable man is aware OF .n's
wen in his sieop cheerful and rosycheekeo on
Monday Saturday and at breakfast as at dinner 100
DWELL. mako an ideal husband-W. N. P 6arneiHoh.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22

These cool, bright August mornings are
worth their face value in Epep."
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22

One great trouble about visiting adequate
on the Prussian scoundrels respon-
sible for the war and its atrocities is that the
allied nations are too confoundedly civilized.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22
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The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-22

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The Tomahawk., 1919-06-26

made upon him his party friends
replied in no uncertain terms.
Perhaps all this is the natural
outcome of our participation in
the fever of hatred, jealousy and
suspicion which possess the whole
world. Germany when she started
the war in 1914 opened not only
the mouths of cannons but also
the mouths OF men, the one deal
ing destruction to the body, the
other death to the soul if the
present state of hatred is kept
alive. And as to the public of
this country, it is being kept alive
by harragnes in the Senate by
partizans on either side. Why,
may we ask land the word may"
as constant form in Mr.. Wilson's
address is being ridiculed) why,
may we ask cannot discussion up
on the conjunction of the two
situations be debated without the
adjuncts of party hatreds. and
therefore cody logical9
Perhaps this is asking too much
of frail human nature. But how
much better if the grey boards of
the senate chamber refrained from
the fire works and observed the
dignity and decorum which popu-
larly are supposed TO when in the
senate body.
We are.not committed to any
decided opinion upon the merits
or dcmerits of the situation which
is gording SO many statesmen into
violence of speech, but we are in.
clined to believe that the Big
Four have not done amiss in con-
joining peace treaty and League
of Nation covenant. Anyone
reading the synopsis Of the treaty
given out to the public can see no
absence of logical sequences in the
(Continned on 9Th page.)