davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1919-11-27
Bl1zokG
AMERICAN LYCEUM NEARLY
CENTURY OLD.
institution Founded in 1926 by josiah
HoIbrook in Massachusetts

IL Is OF interest, in view OF the
course OF Lyceum lectures and enter
tainments announced elsewhere in this
paper, 10 call attention TO the fact that
the Lyceum is getting ready to cele.
brate its One Hundredth Anniversary
In November 1926, Mr.. Josiah Hol-
broog OF Derby, Conn, organized the
hrst Lyceum association in the little
village OF Millbury. Mass. thus begin
ming TO carry out plan for popular
education, self-culture and community
instruction that had been developing
IN his mind for many years. This was
the beginning OF the Lyceum-sinCe il
has spread TO nearly every city, village
and hamlet in the United States and
Canada and lately has begun TO de
velop in New Zealand and Australia
More than $1,000 communities support
Lyceum series Of lectures and enter
tainments.
Josiah Holbrook was born in 1888.
He was the sond OF Col Daniel Hol-
brook, OF Derby, Conn, a veteran of
the Revolutionary war He was edu-
Gated in the common schools OF Derby,
fitted for college under Rev Amasa
Porter: entered Yale 1906, graduating
1910. Opened, about 1919, on his farm.
near Derby, one OF the first schools
In America which sought to teach
popularized form OF natural science,
and to combine manual labor with ed
ucation Boys in this school were al
lowed TO pay portion OF their ex-
penses by laboring on the farm. The
American Journal of Education, Octo-
Der, 1925, published a paper by him,
setting forth his views on the sub
ject OF Association OF Adults for the
Purpose OF Mutual Education" A
few weeks later, at Millbury. Mass.
he organized the first lyceum Mr. Hol-
brook published, beginning July. 1882,
q weekly paper called THE Family
Lyceum," which was the first lyceum
journal in America. He founded, 1887,
the lyceum village of Berea, Ohio For
seventeen years after this event he de-
voted his life solely to promoting the
great enterprise which he had
launched in the American lyceum this
work being traglcally ended AT Lynch
burg, Va, where. in 1854, while con-
Quoting studies of geological forma-
tons, he fell from cliff into the
stream below, his body being found in
the stream several days later
With no personal aspirations. no de
sire for fame, no ambition for ndi-
vidual advancement. and no wish for
wealth, he sought only The welfare
and happiness of others the very
embodiment OF the Spirit OF the Ly-
ceum.
In 1926 a great celebration will be
held in Boston 10 celebrate the Tooth
anniversary OF Holbrook's founding
the Lyceum. Many noted statesmen,
preachers, orators. authors. and bust
ness men from all over America will
have a part in the jubilee celebration.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1919-11-27
A Compliment to Your Taste

That the best way describe these If you
ofthem, will rebound your credit and proclaim
good 1t will do for it will add your prestige
the business world There doubt good clothes help
his and these will undoubtedly give boost
among who know.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1919-11-27
A Little Surprise

is here for you stylish children's clothing.
OF you expected good materials and perfect fit but
could hardly have expected much real value at low
Sizes years to II years.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1919-11-27
New Styles i'm OvercOats

Nobbiest of patterns awoo fabrics, put together with
scientific accuracyhand tailored throughout with best
Innings. They equal to custom made with the cusomprc
tailored of them. Come in while the stock fresh.
Right today you pick a winner
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1919-11-27
Boys Suits
Boys Sturdy OvercOats

They will protect against the cold and will outwear
that Made of the strongest of kersey and
trimmed with material whose main ambition hold together
spite of everything.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1919-11-27

What is a jinx ? adv.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1919-11-27
Fall Fashions for Men
and
Young Men

Vigorous, up-to-the-mln-
ute styles that will appeal
to the college youth and
the man who wants to
dress well. They have that
"Get-there" swagger that
will make q hit. We're Just
as proud to sell them as
you will be to wear them.
They're the nobbiest ever.
Your idea of goods that
sell themselves can be seen
now in our splendid line of
Hats for Fall.
These values will be the
talk of the town in a few
days. They are the best
for the money to be OBJ
tanned anywhere. No use to
make a special hurrah
about them. They are their
own best recommendation.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1919-11-27
WOmen'S Suits in Tune
with the Season

Styles with the vigor and freshness of autumn they
weren't refined we'd call them stunning are setting a
lively for the fall trade and you'll be pleased with
ngs we've assembled.
The stock is bg-but the demand and know we
can't duplicate them at the old prices. buy early.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-08-26
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
BY DR.. ANDREW NJ SOULE


The Care of Work Stock on Farm
What is the trouble with my mule?
He eats very irregularly. lie does
not keep in good condition. He seems
to have colicky pains from time to
time These are typical of thou
sands of questions annually pro-
pounded to the writer. They indi-
cate that nutrition which brings on
, the condition indicated above. Our
general name for this class of trou-
BILE centers in the word "indiges-
! ton
When an animal fails to digest it's
food properly it does not absorb
therefrom the const itUentS needed
to keep the body in healthy and
vigorous condition and supply the
waste which is constantly going on.
If this condition is allowed to con-
tinue it becomes more or less chronic
eventually, and it would be a very
difficult thing to restre the animal
to normal condition. In the mean
time. its vitality and usefulness are
both greatly impaired. 1t wears out
much sooner than it ShC-.ld and it
is necessary for the owner to replace
! this animal with younger and more
vigorous one. When this is done.
however, the same process is repeat
ed and so annually we send TO the
Scrap-pile millions of horses and
mules which have not served out
"a rational system of feeding. man
agement and handling. The loss in
this particular mounts up into mill
lions of dollars a year in every state
The question is of such far-reaching
Importance. therefore. that some dis
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-08-26
By-Products Made Fro m Citrus Culls;
Department Fin ds Uses for Waste Fruit

plants of these concerns have a Ca
pacity of over $4,000 pounds of
lemon oil, 100000 pounds of citrate
of lime, an dover 100000 pounds
of citric ac!d. Twenty concerns are
producing orange by-products to the
extent of 6,000,G00 pounds each year.
These orange by-productS include
marmalade, marmalade stock, jellleS,
and candied peel.
Improved methods for the manu-
facture Of Grange vinegar have been
developed by the experimental work.
Methods for the production from Gull
grapefruit of candied peel and juices
of excellent quality have been &c
ViSed. The existing methods for the
manufacture of citrate of lime and of
adopted TO California conditions.
i Prices for Culls Up 500 Per Cent
The benefits to the grower of fruit
is shown oy the increase in the price
of Gull fruits since the experimental
work was begun. Less than five
years ago Gull lemons could be had
in large quantities for IS a ton, while
today they bring $40 to S25 a ton,
n5 n faor the fact tha t, =
Sound Gull oranges could be bought
formerly in large quantities for IS
a ton. Now all Gull oranges placed
upon the market are snapped up
quickly at from ~ Uto ~ 5a ton.
Part CT this increase in price is due
no doubt to the general advance in
the price Of commodities of all kinds,
but the general increase in prices
will hardly account for advances of
from 80 per cent to so per cent IN
Gull fruit.
Informatir nregarding the methods
developed for the utilization of by
products from Gull citrus fl uits can
be obtained by application to the
citrus by-products labora tory. Bureau
of Chemistry, Los Angeles, Calf, or
to the United States Department of
Agriculture, Washington D. c.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-08-26
Fall Feeding of Dairy Cows

The wise dairyman will feed lib
orally during the fall months. Cows
which are not well fed at this time
will go into the winter thin in flesh
and with reduced milk flow. 1t will
be expensive and largely in vain to
attempt to bring them back to nor
NAL flow after yhey go on winter "a
lions.
1t will pay 70 begin feeding silage
and hay early. The extra feed given
at this time will not only bring good.
immediate returns, but affect me
milk flow for the whole year by put
ting the COW in good condition 70 go
thrugh the winter months. Cows
which go into the winter in good
vitality, and with undiminished milk
flow, are the ones which will make
most economical use of the nigh
priced feeds given them during that
period. Keep up the milk flow dur
ing the Iail months by proper feed
ing 1t will pay.
Cold, uncomfortable cows will not
make economical use Of feed. Their
highly developed nervous systems are
very susceptible 10 sudden changes
IN temperature. This should lie
borne in mind in the fall, when the
first cold rains and cold winds come
Protection from these will prevent
the reduction in milk flow which
they always cause. Do not waste
feed by letting cows stand out in
cold winds and rain.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-08-26

One Of the greatest needs of farm
ors in the United states IS short
time personal credit on reasonable
terms. The federal loan banks are
taking good care of the Iand-mort'
gage requirements IN many cases
but they are not always available for
new settlers and for farmers o.
planters who need personal loans to
buy live stock. implements, or other
equipment. The need for short-tlme
personal credit is shown as result
of an investigation by the united
States department of agriculture in
the southern states, where it was
found so per cent OF the farmers de-
pend upon daVanceS from merchants
during the crop-producing season.
Credit extended by merchants, COM
monty known as the advancing SyS-
TEN, is usually exceedingly high. 1t
is estimated by the department that
hundreds of millions of dollars
would be saved by farmers each year
if the means already adopted in a
number of communities were put
into general use. The means re-
ferred to is that of properly organic
ed rural credits.
State Laws Help Credit Unions
III nine states laws have been en-
acted under which farmers as well
as wage earners in cities may or
ganize unions. These laws, in so
far as they affect rural credit, en-
able the farmers who are members
to obtain loans on terms which com
pare favorably with those secured
y the city business men. The
movement Of surplus funds of the
individual farmers has in general
been toward \the city, but rural cred
it unions encourage the retention OF
money made on the farm where it is
most needed. In addition, it tends
to turn the current. of urban capital
toward rural districts, as outside
credit is secured through regular
1t is impossible to formulate a
method of procedure in the orSaniza-
| ton of credit unions that will apply
| to each of the states, but the plan
| followed in North Carolina, where
10 strictly farmers organizations are
now in operation, should be Of in
| terest. In North Carolina a branch
of the state government, known as
the division of markets, has been
| charged with the work of encourage
ing the organization Of credit unions
among the farmers, and a special Of
fetal, known as superintendent OF
credit unions, gives practical assist
ance in their organization and super
vision of their activities.
The North Carolina Plan
In North Carolina II or more per-
sons in the community may organize
a credit union, the first step being
to sign an application for assistance,
which is addressed to the Superin-
tendent of credit unions of the
state. Under his direction meeting
is called for the purpose of arous-
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-08-26

right kind of crate ready in plenty
of time. Many boys have failed to
get their pigs to the fair because,
when the time came to ship, there
was no crate. The department has
special sets of specifications Tor
pig crates, calf crates, and others
A, very important thing to remember
in connection with the craze is that
the pig grows at a pretty rapid clip.
The crate must be built big enough
for the pig, not when the crate is
made. but allowing for growth be-
must not be big enough to permit the
pig to turn around. The boy must
remember that the pig should not be
fed just before shipping. No matter
how much the little rascal cries for
corn, he must not be indulgod. If
he is fed, he is very likely to get
sick on the train and go through
the whole fair in q droopy, droWsy,
unprizelil5o looking way.
9Hizes Are Not AL
These are just a few of the things
that must be remembered in prepar-
ms a pig for the fair. And there
are equally many with regard TO the
try, or any of the things, practical
ly, that the boy or girl. man or wom-
an, wants to exhibit at the fair,
Even with all the care possible,
the animal or other product may
not be a prize winner. There can't
be prizes for every exhibitor. The
fair that tries to arrange things so
that everybody can get a prize does
not amount to much, usually. It does
not mean anything to win a prize
when you, are the only exhibitor in
your class. And, as the experts in
the department of agriculture point
out, the prize is not the main thing.
after all. To be sure, the boys and
girls and men and women who get
things ready for the fair are con-
tributing to an education for the
public---but the main thing for them
is the education they get them
selves.
"Take part in the contest" say the
experts, "for your own sake. You
will have better pig, a better calf
a better pound Of butter, better
can of peaches next year by reason
of having exhibited this year. Wheth-
cr you win or not. And, with proper
attention to preparation, the prizes
are sure to come, too, sooner or
later.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-08-26
HOW TO MAKE EXHIBITS LOOK
ALI, SPIC AND SPAN FOR FAIR

. The fair.
~ What does it mean % You? --
Fair is very Old noun. With
variations in spelling, it exists in
many languages.
Fair" is akin to The ancient "fos-
tus" and therefore cousin in some
dsgree of the more modern feast
and "festivaE' and the like. it,
Always and everywhere it has car
ried the aYray-froln- work idea. 1t
has always been pretty mNA what
we mean nowadays by "ho'fday,
though not what tha1 word ncant
originally. "hOIiQay" was holy
day" and sacred. Fair" mas always
been secular--a wholly human sort
of thing.
Fair time4is pIaytime. That it al
ways was, that it always neant 20
most people, that it always Will be.
But for every play there must be
players, and two kinds of them, too
players who play playfully and
players who play laboriously, more
or less, for the entertainment. Of the
others. ~ .sE4 80
And "the fair" has a, very different
meaning for the. two classes, The
big bunch goes to have a.SgUod time,
to be Hcarefree, to drink red lem on
ade and throw confetti and foot tim
sci horns;' to get the CLINT of twin
king horse, heels on a saffron track.
to see the broad cked cattle; the
prettily packed jellies and jams, the
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-08-26

chronic case Of indigestion. Where
clean, wholesome feeds. are selected,
properly combined and regularly fed.
the animals worked uniformly and
the stables and managers kept in 4
sanitary condition there is very lit
tie need for using medicines to any
appreciate extent. Which it is nee
eSsary to use them, however, they
should as. q rule be cOnlECQ 20 Il'-
som salts, aloea. or any other re-
Taxing and cleansing materials which
will free the alimentary canal Of
fern enting material. A digestive
tonic can sometimes be used to ad-
vantage Occasionally a good condi-
ton powder used for a short period
of time Will be advantageous. The
giving of bran. maSheS where dl-
geStiVe troubles occur is a whole
some and desirable practice. The
turning Of animals out to Craze and
rest on pastures whenever. practi-
cable should be encouraged. Keep
the animal in as cool surroundings
as possible. Protect from flies and in
cold weather from draughS. do not
expose to violent. changes Of tenn
perature more than is necessary.
The observation of these sugges-
lions will minimize complaints So
frequently heard about digestive
troubles, will lensthen the time of
service of our work stock, keep them
in a healthy and more vigorous con-
dition, and lessen the amount of food
consumed in proportion to the labor
performed
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-08-26

of 4 corn crop mat was an also ran
at the county fair.
ManiouIing the Pig
Now. the boy who is preparing
pig or a calf for the fair mas a more
Complicated task than the one who
enters some corn With the corn
boy. the whole problem is selecting
the right ears. With the others t is
NOT only selecting the right individ-
uaI. but doing a great many things
80 put that individual in the best
possible form, and 20 keep it so.
Weeks Or even months in advance
of the fair. The boy must start get
ting his calf or pig t2me. At par
ticlllar ,ime. It may be necessary to
pare the pigs toenails 50 that he
viii stand up straight without too
much bend a the pasterns. But he
must be careful not TO pare them too
close. y limping pig is not likely
to be prize winner. Several weeks
before the fair he should trim the
hair out Of the pigs ears, being care
full to do it in such way that the
ears will not be irregular in outline.
He should provide a clean Wallow
for the pig to keep the hair ana
skin soft and pliable-and he ought
to know the trick of the trade that
a little OLSON the surface of the wa
ter helps a great deal; also that
little linseed meal properly fed to
the pig, puts peculiar gloss on the
hair
He must remember to have the
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-08-26

NSICI1ASo 4
big pumpkins, the intricate needle
work, the FULFILLED ears of corn, and
to mill around, going nowhere in par
ticular and not caring especially if
they never. get there.
But, with it all, they are getting a
sugar-coated educa ton. The fair is
university in which the festive stu
dents soak up science unaWafes.
Then there must be the other kind
show''-the professors and instruc-
tors and tutors in this most accOmmO-
dating of academies. And there has
to be somewhere a sort Of teachers
college for those people. There are,
in fact, lots of normal schools for
of agriculture is the
graduate college. And one. of the
queer things is that any boy or girl
still in the grammar grades of the
public school may be doing post
graduate work in getting things
ready for the fair. .r
Much i'll Getting Ready
r. Too many people, the department
experts say, do not know how much
depends on preparing exhibits i'll the
right way, on getting the pig4or calf
Or corn or canned stuff in just the
right shape to show to the best ad-
vantage. One of the boys club work
els lc4lS d .S(o1y III pO4I1C ....
One of our club boys in Missis-
sippi," he says, grew an acre Of
mighty good corn and entered an eX-
-hibit in the county fair. There were
four prizes, but he couldn't get. even
the fourth one. The judge simply
tied on the ribbons and made no ex-
plantations. The boy was disappoint-
ed-not rebellious,- but he wanted to
know why his good corn couldn't
get a prize I went over it with
him, showed him that some of his
biggest, ears had@ crooked rows and
how others had other defects. Pick
ing out the best ear, L said If
you had ten like this, you could win
q prize ~
wei, that boy went back home
and carefully examined every ear, of
his corn, He found only nine that
he thought were as good as the one
| had pointed out. He went back
through the whole pile again and
finally found the tenth ear. He sent
those ten ears to the state fair
and won first prize. Do you see?
Knowing a little of how to prepare
The eXhibit made a state Ninner ont
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-08-26
BARN IS NEEDED
TOASSURE WHOLESOME MILK

mits bacteria to multiply rapidly and
brings about deterioration of the
milk, which may render it unsafe
for ordinary use and make it highly
dangerous for babies and older chill
dren. In cooling milk dairymen
should use facilities already exist
ing, such as cold water in wells or
springs. When milk is drawn from
a COW it has d temperature of about
95 degrees +. In the north we'll and
spring water generally varies in tenn
perature from so degrees to 60 de-
grees F. BY the use of surface cool
ers and a tank of running water
milk can quickly be cooled and held
to within two to four degrees of the
temperature of water.
During warm weather it may be
necessary to ship or deliver mill
twice a day. This would have a ten
dency to check spoilage, especially OF
evening milk, which is usually more
than II hours old when shipped.
Milk dealers can do much to prevent
spoilage by pasteurizing the milk,
which not only kills disease BAG
terra, but reduces the bacteria count
and therefore delays spoilage.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1919-08-26
CREDIT UNIONS FURNISH
C0UD LOANS TO FARMERS

ing further interest and spreading
information concerning the plans
and purposes of the proposed organ
ization. If the community is suf-
ficiently interested, a second meeting
is called, and an organization COM
mittee appointed. This committee is
| furnished with a suggested set OF
bylaws by the superintendent, which
it decides to recommend either in
! their entirety or with such amend
ments IS local conditions appear to
require. At this meeting also five
persons are selected to act as board
of directors. A credit committee
and a supervisory committee, each
composed of three emberS, are also
named. At the third meeting the
bylaws recommended by the organ
| ization committee are adopted by the
entire organization with or without
amendments. Necessary books and
business forms are also provided for
at this time.
| Two copies of the bylaws and
an organization certificate are ac-
knowledged before notary public
and approved by the superintendent
| of credit unions. N1ne copy of each
of these documents is filed in the
state division of markets, and a
duplicate copy is sent for filing
rior court. The work of incorpora-
ton is then complete, the cost be-
ing limited to the notary fees and
81 for the recording and filing Of
the papers. The members of the
! board Of directors and the commit
tees are then sworn in and a bond
is provided for the treasurer.
Establishing Banking Connections
| The board of directors appoints q
bank committee to select some To-
ca! banking institution through
which the union does it's business
The credit union is accorded treat
ment similar to that which one
bank gives another. AS a rule, ii
receives ! per cent interest upon
| time deposits and 3 per cent or
monthly balances, while borroWs
from the bank at per cent in
| terest
The business of the organization
! is formally begun at a fourth meet
| ing, at which time each member buys
| one or more shares of stock at SIC
share, and deposits with the union
any idle cash that can be spared. The
| union also accepts deposits from non
members. It's operations are similar
| to a small scale bank, but it is able
| to operate at a minimum of expense
| since most of the overhead expenses
of a regular bank are eliminated. The
officers, with the exception of the
| treasurer, receive no compensation
| The treasurer, who is required to de-
vote three or four hours a week to
the business of the organization, US
/ TALLY receives a salary of about S5O
| a year. The credit union thus be-
comes primarily a mutual society OF
| borrowers and depositOrs operating
under state law.