davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1919-12-21
TOMORROW.

Business and social meeting of the
Federation of Women's Clubs at II
O'Clock, at Hotel Lafayette, 18th and
l streets.
Evening star., 1919-12-21
ORGANIZATION ACTIVITIES.

wanderlusters' hike. commencing at
18th and H streets northeast, at
o'clock. John Boyle, jr., leader.
President Theodore Roosevelt Post
No 1, American Legion meeting at
BIS o'clock, at the Y. NJ. H. A build
ing, 11th street and Pennsylvania ave-
nue..
Evening star., 1919-12-21

Chanuka entertainment at 8 O'Clock,
at the Adath Israel Synagogue, 9Th and
streets
Evening star., 1919-12-21
TONIGHT

Meeting of the Herzl Club at s
O'Clock, at the Y. NJ. H. A. building,
11th street and Pennsylvania avenue.
Evening star., 1919-12-21

Homer L.. Kitt, secretary and treas-
urer of the Arthur Jordan Piano Com
pany. was presented with silver
loving cup by employees of tie firm at
a banquet held in his honor at the
New Ebbitt Hotel Friday night.
Evening star., 1919-12-21

British parliament and secretary to
Raymond de Valera, will be the prin-
cipal speaker tonight at o'clock at
the meeting OF the Friends of Irish
Freedom at sol E street.
Evening star., 1919-12-21

Zion Flag day volunteers will report
today at II o'clock at the 7. M. H. A.
building. 11th street and Pennsyl-
vania avenue, to canvass the Jewish
homes for the Jewish national fund
to provide homes and work for the
Jewish people in Palestine.
Evening star., 1919-12-21

Col. Theodore Roosevelt. 1t In an
nounced by the secretary Of Howard
University. has accepted the sugges-
ton of President Durkee that his
name be proposed for membership Of
the board of trustees at the election
to be held in February.
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
Why Should Nurses
Have Rank and Title?

Let us consider what claim our Ameri-
can nurse has to rank
The requirements for entrance to the
nurse corps of the United States army
are higher than those of any other coun-
try. All of our Allies have made use
Of the volunteer "aid." The United
States army accepts in its nurse corps
only graduates of training schools of rec
ognized standards. This means that at
least two years, and often three, must
have been spent in arduous training and
study. The nurse then enters the army
already skilled in the duties to which she
IS assigned, just as the graduate in
medicine or theology or any other pro-
fession.
1t is to the nurse in charge of the
ward that the ward surgeon looks for
promptness and accuracy in carrying out
his orders. 1t goes without saying that
she should have the evidence of authority
to fulfil her responsibilities
The rapid advance of medical science
makes even more and more demands
for scientific knowledge to master the
complicated technique and for intelligent
observation. AS result, the up-to-date
nurse has spent almost, if not quite, as
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23

sorry education division watches over
children who are absent from school and,
if there is no reasonable excuse for alb
sence, has the authority to compel at
tendance. The division often is forced
to handle refractory boys and girls,
and the work necessitates cooperation
with the police, courts, corrective asso-
Citations, etc. Frequently, the division
officers are forced to work on cases the
entire night and to visit all parts of the
city.
The school census division deals with
the education Of foreign-born children.
1t keeps in touch with the immigration
authorities, and by watching the ar
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
Australia Sees
A Special Need

Any one cogniZant of the dependence
of the present day surgeon or physician
upon the graduate nurse will ungrudging-
ly concede that the relation of the army
nurse to the army surgeon is as that of
a staff officer to his chief Indeed. under
the Australian system the recognition of
this relation is evidenced by the fact
that the matron-in-chief (who would cor
respond to our superintendent is a men,
ber of the staff of the surgeon general.
She carries the rank of major, which
we are asking for our superintendent.
The commanding officer of an army
hospital recently issued local regula-
tion forbidding conversation between Off
GERS and nurses. AS an army regulation
prohibits nurses conversing with enlisted
men, what was his idea of the status
of the nurse?
Officialdom in the person of the Con-
troller of the Treasury ruled that nurses
held by an enemy nation as prisoners of
war are not entitled to pay during cap
tivity, on the ground that they are only
civilian employees of the army If those
in high places cannot see that nurses,
who not only face death by shot and
Shell but who battle with disease by day
and by night, belong to the fighting forces
of the army, how can we expect the en-
listed man properly 10 recognize them?
Hostilities have ceased, but the war is
not over yet for hundreds Of nurses. For
months to come they will be on duty not
only with our army of occupation but in
the various hospitals at home, from the
Atlantic to the Pacific. They have al
ready done noble work They have
endured great hardskips and have made
great sacrifices. Many have made the
supreme sacrifice. To accord them rec
ognized status is the least we can do for
them. From time to time of late we hear
public mention of the difficulties of the
line officer in maintaining discipline
The nurses problem becomes CORES pond
ingly greater. She needs the title and
insignia of rank more than ever. The
coming of peace has increased her re-
sponsibilities. She should have every ia
cility to meet the added burden
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
By MARY GRAHAM BONNER


rival of steamers is able to find out what
immigrants are arriving. One of the
duties of the division is to impress upon
newcomers the need of learning Eng
lish; it supervises children who obtain
working papers and makes sure that
working children under sixteen attend
extra classes, according to the law; it
also notifies the school census bureaus of
other cities Of the intended arrival of
immigrants
The child welfare division cooperates
with all charitable organizations of the
city. 1t investigates cases of real need,
where the poverty of the family is the
cause of chld's inability to attend
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
The Red Shield of David

needy cases, employment is secured and
medical care given. Money is also lent
to the families when necessary. 81
A letter recently received at head
quarters came from a field secretary Of
the Jewish Welfare Board, who is work
ing with 1900 Jewish soldiers in one of
our training camps. In it he inclosed a
check for 5000, the result of voluntary
collection among the men for the Red
Shield of David. 1t was, he said, "an
for their brothers-in-arms who would
fight under the flag of Americas ally,
in cause dear to all Jewish people" {"
No man was accepted for the Jewish Le-
gion who was liable to the United States
military draft.
A thirteen-year-old girl of Omaha
sent $50 she had saved "for your
very worthy object" Another donation
was valuable library of 100 books in
Arabic, with easy reading and text
books, the gift of well-known professor
here who is anxious that the legionnaires
shall not be handicapped by ignorance
of language in the country to which they
are going.
"Appealing as it does to a sentiment
strong in the Jewish heart, the Red
Shield of David has met with an equal
response from both the rich and the
poor" said Mrs. Charles Spivacke, ma
tonal chairman, "and it's growth is as
steady as it's beginning was spontane-
GUS"
A junior organization has been
formed among the children attending
the Hebrew schools, Talmud Torah and
Young Judea, the society of young
Zionists
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
BY DEEMS WELLER

IF YOUR face were shattered by
shrapnel, could you face life? There
is woman who is helping hun
dreds Of men with war-rddled faces to
do it. She is Mrs. Maynard Ladd, an
American sculptress, living in Paris, who
is making masks in the semblance of
human flesh.
There is story told of a young
Irish boy who was lying in a London
hospital with the upper part of his face
shot away, and just one corner of his
mouth left.
Don't you wish you were dead?" a
visitor exclaimed, thoughtlessly.
'Not while I've still got corner left
to tuck in my pipe," was the gay Celtic
answer.
Reconstructive surgery is performing
miracles for these poor, mutilated faces;
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23

cast Mrs. Ladd constructs another
plaster cast of only those parts which
are mutilated. A copper mask one-six-
teenth of an inch thick is made from
this.
The first fitting is now in order. This
is just matter of adjusting the mask
to the head. When this is accomplished
to the satisfaction of the soldier and
the artist, silver-plating follows
After the silver-plating process comes
the business of making the mask look
natural, the delicate work of making
copper look like human skin Artificial
eyelids with hole through them so that
brows, inserted hair by hair, are used
successfully on hundreds of masks. If
eyes are missing altogether glass eyes
are placed in the empty sockets.
Last the Complexion
Is Attached
At the final fitting the mask is at
tached to the head, held in place by
false spectacle bows, strings, or by a
wig. The attaching mechanism is so
camouflaged as to be practically invis-
ible.
Painting the mask to match the COM
plexion is the last step in its manu-
facture.
The entire process costs $40.
Mrs. Ladd, who is doing this work
under the auspices of the American Red
Cross, was born in Philadelphia, was
educated in Paris and Rome, where for
more than twenty years she worked
with Professors Ferrari and Gallori
She has exhibited in Paris, London
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23

a British officer of high rank, went to
meet the first American hospital unit
that landed in England
When this officer saw the nurses strug-
Cling with their baggage he exclaimed,
"Are not your nurses trained women 2"
Our army accepts only picked grad
uate nurses" replied the American
woman.
"Then why don't they travel as Off
GERS? Our nurses do" he said, land so
DO the Australians and Canadians"
And the loyal American could only
say that everything had been done so
hastily that there had not yet been time,
but that ranking for nurses would surely
come shortly. The war is virtually over
and the ranking has not come.
Many an American nurse travelling
in Europe, both on duty and on furlough,
has felt her country humbled, and herself
and her profession humiliated, owing to
being Disseminated against in public
places. Seeing her sisters of the Cana
dian and Australian armies honored and
recognized has not assuaged matters.
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
How the Work Is Divided
Between Men and Women

In the child welfare work there are
only women. In the census work there
are six women and thirty-four men. And
in the compulsory education division
there are no women at all.
Last July two examinations were held
"a mental and a physical test. The
women passed both--in fact, passed bet
ter than their male competitors in the
mental test. Of the first fifty to take
the examination, thirty-six were women
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
"Our ancient Hope and true
A gain the sacred soil to tread
Where David's banner feaU."
--Hdtikvah.
By FLORENCE NORMILE

NURING the war 5000 Jewish chill
y dren daily sang Hatikvah, the
Song of Hope, in the Hebrew
schools Of New York. And almost daily
groups of volunteers for the Jewish
Legion in Palestine were seen leaving
here for the training camps of Canada
and England.
Back of the legionnaires stands an or
ganization formed by Jewish women and
similar in many respects to the Ameri-
can Red Cross. 1t is the Red Shield of
David-the "Red Mogen David"-with
national headquarters at 201 East
Broadway. 1t was organized nationally
at conference here last June, but
there were already strong centres in
New York, Boston, Chicago, Detroit and
Milwaukee at that time. These had
grown up spontaneously and were under
The leadership Of almost every Jewish
s'ganization. There are now eighty-six
stive chapters in all parts Of the coun-
~ and seven chapters in the Canadian
hsnch
The Red Shield of David is supported
BY membership dues, and so far large
Percentage of the funds has gone to pro-
vide financial and material aid to the
dependents of the legionnaires. The
iact that the men carry no insurance
causes the philanthropic burden to fall
more heavily on the organization. Social
Investigators are employed to report on
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23

and only fourteen men When appoint
ments were made, however, only men re-
ceived positions in the compulsory educa-
tion division.
The salary in the attendance officers
department begins at $1,000, with ex-
penses tcarfare. etc., and substantial
increases yearly.
There are at present no vacancies in
the child welfare work, very few in the
census, but appointments are contin-
ually being made in the compulsory ed
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23

mask and making it stick. After varied
experimentation, Mrs. Ladd hit upon
the expedient of taking a plaster cast
of the torn face, in addition to obtain
ing photograph Of the disfgured man
as he looked before the war.
From the photograph and the plaster
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
lative Rank Is Asked for Army Nurses

the shoulder straps of the second lieu
tenant. In the training camps the sol
diers thought that because he had no in
sigma they did not have to obey or salute
him. There were constant breaches of
discipline until he was given the gold
bar. This is military psychology.
Insignia and title that are seen and
understood are Of incomparably greater
value in securing prompt obedience.
more especially where human life hangs
in the balance, than a book full of regu-
lations that have never been seen.
The ranks asked for in the Lewis
Raker bill are
For superintendent rank of major.
For assistant superintendent, rank
of captain.
For director, rank of captain.
For chief nurse, rank of first
lieutenant.
For staff nurse, rank of second
lieutenant.
incidentally, it should be mentioned,
this bill is so framed that there would
never be any conflict with either medical
or line officers.
This idea of relative rank is not with
out precedent. The sword master at
West Point held the rank of captain in
our own army. Relative rank is the
system adopted by the Australian and
Canadian armies for their nurse corps.
How They Settled
II in Europe
In Continental armies the nursing has
always been in the hands of the religious
orders, putting the personnel in an un-
assailable position. In the British army
the nurses have recognized status.
They receive the respect and obedience
as we'll as the courtesy due officers. Fur
thermore, they are quartered and travel
as officers. That is the tradition of the
British army, and any one who has come
up against British tradition knows that
it transcends all laws. Australia Xnd
Canada, with New World conditions and
New World ideas and ideals, but no tra-
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23

and in this country. In 1918 she
exhibited forty bronzes in New York
and at the Corcoran Art Gallery in
Washington. She received honorable
mention for her work at the Panama
Exposition.
Her work in making faces for face
less men is more than a work of art, it
is work of humanity
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23

ucation division. The women teachers
want the opportunity of doing this work
and drawing higher pay.
Some time ago women were included
IN this division, but broke down under
the strain of the work. Since that time,
they have been practically barred from
the division. The teachers claim that
they have now passed the physical tests
and should not be any longer barred
from this work because of the fact that
years ago few woYlen were not strong
enough to shoulder its responsibilities.
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
said the Caterpillar
I'D WHO af& you?'''
(AiCe in Wonderland

later transferred to the American army
writes:
"The British do give a square deal,
and they did treat US we'll, even when
they perhaps found it hard to under
stand and love US at first. In the British
army the nurses are given rank and
position, and we benefited by it while
with them. In the American army
nurses have not had any official recog-
milton, and are treated accordingly. We
have noticed the difference. If it were
not for the gentlemanly courtesy and
kindness of many of our American Off
GERS we would have had very bad story
to tell We do feel that we ought to be
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
"Ladies" VIII Disappear

after the war there will be no more
ladies'" says Mrs. Pankhurst, the Eng
lish militant suffragette, according to an
interview reported in "Everybody's.
"There will be no interiors and superiors;
for condescension will be submitted CO.
operation. When people cast their minds
forward to the new world after the war,
let them reckon on civilization with real
women really in it. What | mean, CON
cretely, is that women will never darn
or knit again. For darning and knitting
is pick up makeshift work, and women
will never and can never return to put
ting in time Knitting and darning will
be done by machinery. The homes of to-
morrow will be full of fresh air, and
healthy children besides.
"Woman viii never again be resigned
to one room when three can be afforded; !;
to children at work who should be in
school; to round of bedmaking and
dishwashing when she has proved her
economic worth. And her very mater
nifty will take on the status of pro-
tected industry"
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
Bv MARY TOMBSTONE

~ RING in the gassed cases first"
Ut directed nurse at base hos
pital in France.
sIf you have authority to give me
,,ders, where's your badge?" was the
response of the hospital corps man.
knd the nurse was helpless, though
che knew that the needs of the gassed
men were urgent beyond the needs of
other casualties. She knew also that by
army regulations she had the authority
vbich the man questioned. What she
lacked was an outward and visible sign
,f that authority. And because she had
M insignia that spelled authority to the
man her "boys," who were suffering,
uere deprived of the prompt relief that
was their due.
II is to secure rank, title and insignia
for members of the Army Nurse Corps
that the Lewis Raker bill, now in COM
m;ttee. has been framed. The National
Committee on Rank for Nurses is sitting
10 nights and working overtime to pull
# out of committee and get it passed this
session of Congress.
This Means
Only Power-Not Money
The bill asks for relative rank only,
and not an absolute commission; nor
does it ask for the pay that commits
sion would carry. The title and insignia
Of rank will show so plainly that no SOL
dier will question the nurses authority
to carry on her work efficiently and
promptly.
Those familiar with nursing conditions
in our war with Spain realize that this
is provision which should have been
established at that time. That would
have been preparedness"
In the army rank and authority are
Indicated by insignia. 1t is for this
badge of authority that the soldier looks
when he receives an order. 1t was
this very psychologist phenomenon that
brought into existence the gold bar on
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23

much time in laying the foundation of
her nursing education as has the medical
student
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
Faces of Copper,
With Silver Plating

1t was a thing difficult of manu-
facture.
1t had to be light, yet strong, of
some composition which would not tar
nish, and which would retain the color
placed upon it's exterior surface. After
much experimentation, Mrs. Ladd hit
upon thin copper as the material to be
used. Then she decided to have the
base plated with silver to give it better
finish
Next came the problem of fitting the
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
The ''Mutile" Smiles Behind His Mask

mask would extend only over the place
where the chin once was. If the cheek
was missing, then the SCARED portion
only would be covered. It was this idea
that suggested the new face made by
Mrs. Ladd.
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
Those Frenchmen from Missouri
A Life Dream Realized

Miss Rheda Palmer, of Ontario Coun-
ty, N. Y, the last survivor of the first
suffrage convention ever held, which
was at Seneca Falls, N. Y, on July 10,
1848, cast her first ballot November 5,
1918, at the ripe age of 1O2 years. 1t
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23

but while wounds are slowly healing and
new flesh is being grated over gaping
holes, the "m1attiIes" can face the world
with a smile from behind one of Mrs.
Ladd's masks.
His Face Is Made
To Look Like Him
The masks are made Of thinly rolled
copper, silvered over, and painted in
flesh colors. They are modelled from
photographs of the maetales pre-war
face, and are held in place by spectacle
bows over the ears.
Captain Derwent Wood, an English
sculptor, conceived the idea of making
masks for men who were disfgured by
their facial scars. Mrs. Ladd perfected
this idea until masks were made which
replace the torn and missing tissue so
naturally that the man without face
is equipped with a substitute that is al
most as good.
The original conception of Captain
Wood was to make a mask to fit those
portions of the face that were missing.
If the chin was shot away, then the
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23

school, and provides assistance wherever
possible.
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
What Other Ladies Do

is said that to live long enough to see
the ballot granted to women and to
exercise the privilege herself has been
the dream Of her life.
A special conveyance and attendants
were sent to conduct her to the polls,
which were four miles from her home.
On her arrival she marked her ballot
without the aid of spectacles She
greeted large numbers Of friends and
neighbors and was the life of the party
on the way home.-The Woman Citizen.
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
Too Many Educated Women

clipping states that: "The German
intellectuals do not want too many edu-
Gated women. The Prussian minister of
culture, in supplying the Diet with sta
tistics showing a heavy increase in the
number of women now regularly attend
ing Prussian universities, deprecated the
tendency Of the sex to go in for aca-
dennic education" ."-Paducah Citizen.
Kipling Is Right Again
Another mad wag is Miss Sarah Red
ington, of Santa Barbara, Cal, who,
emerging from an uproarious ant-suff
debate, joyously rippled: ''The female
with the speeches is more deadly than the
male. ."-PadMcah, Citizen.
Those Frenchmen from Missouri
The lake division bureau of commu-
nication has had to find out many
things, but it never before was asked
to pave the way for an international
marriage.
This request came from the home
service bureau in Paris, via Washing
ton. An American soldier whose home
is in this division had won the affections
Of French girl, and her family, with
characteristic French foresight, applied
to the Red Cross to find out about the
credentials and general status Of their
y l. low
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23

~ RING in the gassed cases first"
directed nurse at base hos
pital in France.
New-York tribune., 1919-02-23
What These
Divisions Do

Briefly, this work Of each department
may be summed up thus: The compul-