Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-05-26
STRUCTURE or THE Eco,
CHICKS DEVELOPMENT
The Formation OF the Yolk, tn,
Albumin. tho Shell Membranes
and the Shell.
NATTER FOR CAREFUL STUDY.
Embryo Chick Is Built Up by Means
of Cellular Organisms About
Which Breeder Should BE Posted
Growth OF the Chick.

The esE is made UP Of hard outer
or limo salts. This shell protects the
delicate inner structures and is porous
SO a. 10 allow air TO pass in and gases
TO pass out--a condition necessary 10
the development of the embryo or
chick. a careful study after removal
OF this hard she'll reveals two mem
tn. eE2. forming an air cell. When
the egg IL lad 1t is warm. and It's con-
tents completely fill tn. inner she'll
space but as the contents cool and
about tho side cf dime. bu; as Inc
"SE evapcratcs tho cell gradually be-
comes larger.
rounding the yoik, ia a thick and a
thin layer OF albumin. The yolk it,
self is covered by 4 delicate membrane
which holds The contents Of the yolk in
is the tiny blastoderm or pile OF cells
from which the future chick develops.
How tho Egg Is Formed.
The egg canal. called the oviduct. il
located in tho left side Of the abdon,lnai
cavity extending from the cloaca or
Is located in the anterior part OF the
abdominal cavity at the anterior end
OF the kidneys. The oviduct in 2 la,-
ing hen OF common size is eighteen
eral folds.
on opening the abdominal cavity and
examining the region indicated above.
we note the oyary as large grape
relop. into yoik and is discharged
INTO the anterior mouth OF the oviduct
In pullet the number OF these cranes
or oNa range from $500 TO $500 but
only a few hundred yolks really de-
velop, corresponding 20 the NUMBER or
eggs laid by the hen in her lifetime
the egg canal or oviduct is divided
INTO nv" parts Tho FIRST part is the
runner PARTON with thin walls and re
ce'E"s the yolk. The second portion.
constituting over half the length Of
M, ne oviduci; is thrown into ridge. or
ioids. In this portion the albumin ar
whit" OF the eEE is formed
The albumin is formed by The coils
which cover the folds and is broush,
anout through the stimulation caused
by the presence of the yolI> as il uaF..s
along. The third division OF The owl.
duct is the isthmus, short in lenE,b
Is is her" that the two shell membranes
are formed around the egg
The fourth portion is the smell Gland
,orninS area. which is about twice the
ienEth OF an eEE. The hard lime shell
iormed nero. The NTH portion is
mis- area the bloom is phi, on the shell
ana ~ the case Of tinted err ~.
color is given.
Eggs arc fertilizcd il fortified At all.
q
oviduct Thus it will ne seen that the
egg is formed whether II. is fertilizad
or NOT. therefore in market cgS pro.
nnction the hens need not be ma ted.
sterile. "''
How tho Chick Grows.
Embryoioey is the study Of the de-
yslopment OF the chick within the shell
nnd nelts WI" H. for me chanses me germ
acters OF the perfect Individual THIS
ne tells US that every organism OF
s sis,s >eEer n, pie or animal kin sdom con
-cach one having an indcpe ndent life
= NJ no arisinE IN every Instance by sub
that. with hu, few cxce6,i Te,. a nsn
generations OF any given orr,nis,,
arise from cells liberated from the
Thus" Thus in no apn 9i the , organism
Chick: We find the body of the chick
OF various functional parts or
ca tissues composed OF cells only com
mon 10 the tissues of which they form
In the study of an egg in incubation
the Eerminal disk or nile OF cells az
one side Of the yolk referred TO above
begins 10 divide. FIRST into two. then
cells. which soon form into Iayers
from which the various parts Of thr
chlch body develops.
Position OF tho Embryo.
II is further observed that the posi
ZION of the developing embryo bears a
definite relation 10 The long ANS of
4, ne eEf II an ncubatinr egg he held
WIN me niunt end 10 tho left. the head
end VII he observed 10 be directed
a way from and TO the right OF the OH
server when the hlastoderm is above.
nus me left side Of the embryo is
the sharper end of the egg
The fowls egg al about the fortie,h
rn tn shows. on The tiny chick, buds
IS formed over the entire chick mem
orahr through which gases are given
holes in The shell. and through these
same holes air finds its way back 10
the interior TO furnish oxygen 10 the
dcrre!opine embryonic chick.
structure from which the eve, brain
heart and spinal cord are developed
soon blood vessels are formed. HOOD
neg ms TO circulate and the heart beat
On the thirteenth day down appears
on The outer surface OF a perfectiv
shaped chick, though It's expansion and
development are not yet complete
Relation OF Air Cell.
As the chick develops the air cell al
the large end OF the egs gradually be-
About tho fourteenth day the chick
assumes position lengthwise Of The
egg. and If the cgE after this time is
not lying on its side there may be
deformed chick, due 10 the lack of
proner space, The head is near the
broad end OF the cEs and is bent unon
the chest and the bcak is usually
tucked under the wing. Later the head
assumes a position. by double curve
Of the neck. so that the bcak is in
contact with the air cell
me outer upper part Of the tin of
The heak is provided with a short /