davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13
FIXING Rates
10 Meet Costs

The principle Of fixing rates by
costs Of service easily lends itself
to certain dangerous nisconcep-
tlons. The attempt is made to apply
the test Of cost not solely t1 rates in
the aggregate, bat to rates in par
tlcular and to rates relatively to one
another. in fact, however, these
costs are beyond tho possibility Of
separate computation They are
joint in the sense that there arc no
distinguishable particular costs. No
doubt it can be determined how
much extra cos: attends the per
formancc of one extra item Of ser
vice or even Of an entire class OF
extra services-the rates. for ex-
ample, at which q road can afford to
transport lumber or coal
The motors, the cars, the tracks,
the terminals, the rights Of way, are
already there. One extra car or
two on train, or even an extra
train or two, may impose no consid-
cradle extra outlay~~-no great change
IN train crews, no increase in gen
eral and overhead expense fixed
charges, for example. Pretty nearly
anything for this extra traffic will
contribute to the total Of earnings
and dividends. But to compute all
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13
Rx Merrylc Stanley Rukeyscr
Financial Baveau
Nfnn (Orfes panffhfe

Financial Bnveda
stat CORES spoHderee
" ETHLEHEM, Penn. April l2
II The second phase in the
adjustment Of the activities
of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation
70 peace basis will begin at the
middle of the year AS a result of
tho limitation of the great construc-
ton programme of the Emergency
Fleet Corporation curtailments will
have to be made in the shipyards
owned BY the Bethlehem interests
beginning about July l, it was
learned to-day, and the curve of
nroductivity in the ways will be
progressively lowered during the
second part of this year.
This suggests a focusing of
Americas industrial problems.
In the early months Of readjust-
ment, the shipyards of the country
were large employers of labor. They
absorbed many thousands who were
discharged from the ammunition
plants. When the shipyards begin
10 reduce their forces, the nation
will feel crisis unless the indus
trial processes of peace are robustly
developed by that time. Americas
welfare during reconstruction will
depend largely on the outcome of
the race between expanding peace
industries and diminishing shipyard
works. Government shipping con-
tracts, despite heavy cancellations
already made or contemplated, will
in the main run almost another year
before their completion. But the
time cannot be far distant when the
shipyards generally will start to get
on a peace basis.
1t is just as inaccurate to regard
the shipping side of the Bethlehem
Corporation as war baby" as the
steel section. A survey of the giant
industrial plants, most of which were
constructed before the war, leaves a
vivid impression that the corporation
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13
Great Expansion
By-Produci OF Var

Nevertheless, expansion of the
corporation was a by-product Of the
war, even If the foundation with its
diversity of commercial products
was not. And now the corporation
faces the great job of finding out
what to do with the increased pro-
ductlvlty And new units of the
plants. Although the old steel plants
and the new subsidiary steel COM
panies acquired during the war--the
Pennsylvania Steel Company, Mary
land Steel Company, and the Ameri-
can Iron and Steel Manufacturing
Company-havc already turned to
commercial business similar to the
KIND they did before the war, and.
although the shipyards of the com
pany, augmented in capacity in the
last four years, have a pre-war ca
reer IN shipbuildirg which sugrests
activity for the future, there remain
the strictly war units of the institu-
ton as special problem during the
great unscrambling. The corpora
ton expects to convert all its
plants that have been doing NUM-
ton work into other channels.
If no peace use were to be found
Tor the war plants the scrap heap
remaining would be enormous. But
the extent of any such depreciation
OF the war plants cannot be deter
mined until their convertibilitv has
been fully established and their
value as engines of peace assessed.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13
Cun Programme
rtuaUy Orer

In the steel plants one impor-
tant munitions order has survived
the rest. 1t calls for the manufac-
ture of large guns, which require
two years for their completion, and
is the only uncompleted munitlon
order.
The other great contracts for ma
chinery of war that are still in force
come from the navy. The DESTROYER
and submarine programme of the
government is undiminished, and
the Bethlehem yards at Quincy.
Mass, which are owned by the Fore
River Shipbuilding Corporation. a
subsidiary, and the squantum plant,
operated by the Bethlehem Shin
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13

building Corporation for the United
States Navy, and the Bethlehem
yards at San Francisco, the Union
Iron Works plant, another subsid-
Iary, are engaged now in building
them. However, the programme for
building battle-cruisers is tempo
rarily held up, and its future will
not be known until Secretary Dan
iels and his staff of experts return
from Europe. Meantime, men who
would be working on these ships
have been laid off, and that ac-
counts for the fact that the person
mel in the shipyards is now some
$500 less than at the peak of activi-
ties.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13
Experts Studying
Foreign Markets

Officials of the corporation are
eagerly seeking new products to
substitute for guns and other imple-
ments of war. Moreover, The Tri-
hune learned that some new prod
ucts have already been tentatively
adopted, and are now being tried
out IN the steel plants. and the ship
yards Of the corporation. If they
prove satisfactory during the test
period IN the corporations own
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13
The Texas Ne,u-Rich
Financial Bursar


a CSTlN, Tex, April 12.-Many
~ farmers who were poor be-
fore the oil boom struck
Texas are organizing new banks.
promoting railroads and indulging
in various kinds of business enter
prises that may soon add to or
more likely deprive them of at
least q part of their easily acquired
gains.
Still others are content, in leis-
urely fashion that is alto-Sther
new to them. to sit down and vieS
the world as it passes by. They
seem to be having the time of their
lives. They take the greatest de-
light in occupying the best suites
Of rooms of the hotels in Fort
Worth and Dallas, and in some in
stances they even venture as far
away as Chicago, st. Louis and New
York. whore they indulge in the
best that is. to be had
One of tho serious effects of the
oil boom IN score or more of
counties is the blight it has placed
upon farming operations. Farm
ors who have already reapcd for
tune from oil leases are not dis
posed to 60 in for growing crops.
Upon thousands OF acres no steps
have been taken to plant any kind
Of crop this season
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13
" hen Nippon Trade
~ as in amateur Stage

" hen Japan entered interna-
tlonal commerce there were at the
open ports of Japan, and on this
side Of the Pacific, for that matter
precious few traders engaged in the
oriental trade who had a thoroughly
scientific training for it, or sound
experiences in it. In those davs Of
the beginning of things Japan's for
elgn commerce was largely in the
hands of either Occidental COM
mercial adventurers or mere ANA
teurs who accidentally stumbled into
1t simply because they happened to
be out there on the spot in the Or
lent, and opportunity thoughtfullv
knocked at their doors. To this
class of traders profit came easily
IN those early days. This lucky
state of things did not last: was
never meant to last.
The time of awakening came
1t dawned upon a certain class of
japanese that the only salvation of
commercial Japan was in her inter-
national trade. They woke to the
realization that the United States of
America was the richest customer
for Japanese products.
They were not the most stupid
people in the world. And their de-
votion, their application and their
toll began to bring forth fruits, and
some of them succeeded in gaining
thoroughly sound understanding
OF the situation and the art of meet
ing the commercial needs of the two
peoples. After that they got right
down to brass tacks, as our Ameri-
can friends would say. And thev
sailed straight for the mark-and
they have been at it ever since
harder than ever if anything.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13
Government De{0y
Retards All Buying

lhe factor Of price uncertainty
has been retarding the placing of
peace orders which have accumu-
lated over a period of two years, and
states, municipalities, and private
corporations and individuals look to
the Federal government for the
price cue. Until the Federal GOV
ernment enters the open market. the
others are not likely to show the
courage and initiative that are so
necessary to carry the nation pain
lessly through the reconstruction
period.
In spite of the factors making for
hesitation, many steel orders are
coming IN. Alloy steels are in fair
demand, indicating activity in the
held Of automobile manufacture.
and during the last week the de-
mand Tor structural steel, used in
building, has been much larger
than at any time during the last
two months. Not only the coming of
sprng, it is said, in explanation, but
also the realization that prices are
not to drop suddenly to the pre-war
level is inducing builders to buy raw
materials IN limited quantities.
The shipyards are the busiest
UNITS a. present III the Bethlehem
organization. Their personnel is
now 50 per cent as great as at the
peak during the war when 10000
workers were employed. Before the
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13

were making their devoted study OF
the international trade of the Pa
enc basin, there were also quito
number Of the American traders
who were gradually awakening to
the real significance of the growing
business there. And these particu-
lar Americans have succeeded quite
as well if not better than the jap
anese themselves.
Another reason for the greater
success of the Japanese is that
America puts prime and paramount
emphasis on her domestic trade.
That is the sanest and most logical
thing IN the world. When one can
sell pair Of shoes at $40 pair
right at his factory door, why, in the
name of sense, should he adventure
forth over the seven seas to sell the
same pair at s. to a heather 5000
miles away? To many Of the
American manufacturers and mer-
chants foreign trade looked ike
lunacy and an insult to business in
telligence rolled into one. That
wondrous wall-which makes the
Eternal Wall of China look ike
mud fence-caIled the protective
tariff; what was that for, anyway?
On the American side of it spring
smiled, except in a panic year once
in long while; on the other side
Of it, stern and pitiless winter of
international competition howled
like polar blast.
"A few far-sighted and prophet
vlsloned among the American busi-
ness men did, Of course, take a good
many thoughtful looks over the wall.
They were quick and keen to re-
alize that the foreign market was
essential as a balance wheel for
the productive industries of Amer
lca. At that, the prime emphasis
was distinctly and decidedly on the
domestic market first and last
Now turn to the japanese side
of the picture. There the prime
emphasis is, and has ever been. on
the foreign field. Japan can never
i've on her domestic demand alone
Necessity, pure and simple, was the
whip which lashed the Japanese
traders into the international trade
The all-important thing is that
the trade which was valued at 1as-
4ol, AIS yen in 1910 and at 2a3-
9lo,oso yen in 1914 airplaned to
l'lol, ,47S,714 yen in 1918, of which
547 ,639,172 yens' worth was ev
ported from America and 6O3 $40
942 yens' worth was imported into
It, This happy result was BROUGHT
about by the combined efforts of
ooeh the American and Japanese
merchants. And what is even moro
pertinent than that is that the real
benefit from all this trade exnar-
SION between the United States and
Japan has fallen to the manufaet-
urers and producers Of both Amer
lea and Japan, and eminentlv Ia
the good of both countries"
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13

sion in postal rates. 1t is probably
we'll that the rates for cooking gas
be lower than for lighting, or that
water or electricity be lower for in
dustria than for domestic consum-
ors. But it does not follow that. be
tween domestic consumers of gas or
water, one class get wholesale rates
on their large consumption while the
smaller people get retail rates on
retail quantities.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13
Taking the Risk Out Of
Investments i'm Utilities
Professor
Performs e,rn
b" No More Should BE Contention Of Econou;

furnishing public service for pub.
llc account at public risk should
have been--and should now be-the
accepted and established policy--the
nearest approximation to public en-
terprise consistent with avoiding its
dangers, inefficiences and wastes
an agency contract, a trustee rela-
ton, an Unidentified undertaking.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13

feit' would give the impulse which
is necessary to start a period of
great industrial activity in the
country.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13

was "war baby chiefly in stock
market sense.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-13

Secret Of Success
Of Japanese
Right here let me point out
another fact. While the Japanese
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-04-22
Democracy-lts True Meaning

Democracy has finer meaning than that Of govern
nent and which all of take unto ourselves in
dividuals and for better government
Democracy is the efficiency of the individual.
Democracy is individual order and system.
Democracy is cooperation and which Is Just another
term for the brotherhood of man.
Democracy Is economy to the result Of dear men and
women and cheap goods.
Society," or what call all the people, is made up of
Individuals.
A democratic government is simply individual eff
cheney order, system cooperation justice economy on
large scale.
The quality of the community society have, both
h the matter Of its physical and governmental state de-
pends upon us, every OF US, individuals.
Man creates as he thinks-not only individuals but
Z community
Public opinion is the Of individual thought or
opinion.
The kind of government have is very much up to
every of u.s. efforts think neglect
fail to think at all.
democratic government is of first Importance in the
fact permits of the free development of the individual
TO = higher state of efficiency
We of this country created democratic form of
eminent for people, of individuals, saw
that we could trust alone in the matter of
ment-that people have right to make their mis-
takes and the mistakes often the process by
which they establish truer government.
And there higher hopes for higher democracy when
consider that this is the first generation in America that
any attempt has made the universal education of the
population.
Yes, democracy is up to every one of u.s.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-04-22
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

There still remain some who pray. Some
family circles yet keep up the beautiful
service Of common prayer. For the bene-
fit of these | want TO recommend the most
satisfactory prayers ! have ever known.
They were composed by a master-Robert
Louis Stevenson. Try them. You cannot
fail to reap delightful harvest Of peace
and strength. Read these, or some Of them.
when the family gathers.
|. Lord. the creatures Of Thy hand
Thy disinherited children, come before
Thee with their incoherent wishes and re-
grets. Children we are, children we shall
be, til our mother. the earth, hath fed upon
our bones. Accept us, correct US, guide US,
Thy guilty innocents. If there be any here.
sulking as children will. deal with and en-
tighten him. Make 1T day about that per-
son, so that he shall see himself and be
ashamed Make il heaven about him.
Lord. by the only way TO heaven, forgetful-
ness Of self.
2. The days return and bring us the
petty round of irritating concerns and
duties. Help US TO play the man, help US
10 perform them with laughter and kind
faces: let cheerfulness abound with indus
try. Give us TO go blithely on our business
all the day. bring us to our resting beds
weary and content and undiscovered, and
grant us in the end the gift of sleep.
3. Grant that we here before Thee may
be set free from the fear of vicissitude
and the fear of death. may finish what re-
mains before us of our course without dis
honor TO ourselves or hurt TO others, and,
when the day comes, may die in peace. De-
liver us from fear and favor; from mean
hopes and cheap pleasures. Have mercy
on EACH in his deficiency; let him be not
east down: support the stumbling on the
way, and give ut last rest to the weary.
1 4. We are evil. God. and help us to
see 1t and amend we arsAgood. and help
US to be better. Look down upon Thy SER
wants with patient eye, even as Thou
sendest sun and rain: look down, call upon
the dry bones. quicken enliven; re-create
in us the soul Of service. the spirit Of peace !;
renew N US the sense of JOY.
5. We besecch Thee. Lord. to behold
us with favor. BE patient still: suffer us
while longer TO endure. and (if il may bel
help us TO do better. Bless to us our ex-
traordinary mercies. Be with our friends:
be with ourselves Go with each of us to
rest: IL any awake. temper to them the
dark hours of watching: and when the day
returns TO us. call us up with morning faces
and with morning hearts. eager to labor.
eager TO be happy. if happiness shall be our
portion; and If the day be marked for sor-
row. strong TO endure it.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-04-22
LEIEkInInEEDI70 R|
nInI.E Arrn0yEs wINE

Editor The short time there an
article on your editorial page written by the Rev.
Baker r. Lee Of Los Angeles. opposing prohibition"
Tho reverend gentleman says
Prohibition In neither Christian Biblical and he
II correct
In ono OF the Psalms. written by King David. 4,
man" and chris, himself turned the into wine
at the marriage feast Cana and did He not drink
wine himself the last supper saying TO John. his
favore disciple. he raised the goblet 20 His sipn.
This IL my blood which . she'd for thec"g
As typical Of our Lords last sacrament wine and
bread have always been given by the priest OF clergy.
man. at holy communion.
them wine hihblora and fools bu, there have al
ways been drunken disaolgtc people
n intended that those who use the gifts
tudciaily should have 20 suffer for those
who make beasts Of themselves
Port wine |. better tonic than any doctors pre-
scrlpsion. eggs sherry restored 20 health
when broken down with prosiraiion. and
whiskey is the best medicine IN the world
n they had put the zeal they have used in stopping
and other they would have done some good
-aa Il Is II the bone dry law into effect the
state Of man viii be than n u At present
These poor drink diseased creatures must have some
thing satisfy their cravings, OF course they viii
resort 90 dope In some form other. aud thea
God help them -The OF this is than
the first
AZ the Reverend Mr.. lee says. tho prohibition
movement IL a political ono. pure and simple. If
world Of contentment and harmony this would be-
But we cannot expect the lion and the lamb TO lie
down together until the millennium
A. II. MEYER.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-04-22
Honor and Good Business, Too
BY JAMES w. GERARD
(Former Ambassador to Germany.

There is not n business of legitimate methods IN
the country who cannot appreciate the reasons for the n
loan the Victory Loan, the issue of Victory Notes Inc
of business meets his notes and his debts
promptly He knows subconsciousy that business couu not
on il he did But he also feels deeply within him
like 10 thnk-that he is heir to American history.
America has always sacrificed to her national debts
George Washington advanced to the colonial government
for his personal and the expenses
of the intelligence service of his armies. Benjamin Frank
lin offered to lend TO the government his entire worldly
wealth. Alexander Hamilton oated the first big Liberty
Loan assuming entire Indebtedness of the colonial and
governments amounting to some S7oOoO0oo-a large
those ayswhch had been contracted Tor the sake
of the war of independence Andrew Jackson regarded the
national with peculiar horror and made many national
enemies that il might be paid off quickly. -, ,
These and others of their KIND established the
American tradition that America would honoraby pay any
debt that had been made in defense of her national honor
The soldier population of the United States did It's task
we'll The German checked at Chateau herry ana an
adverse destiny set up the superman The soldier did
his duty completed his work He is not on trial There
can be no question what he did the way in which
he did it.
Now the matter is shifted to the civilian population
For the finishing Of the the final payment OF the bills
falls upon the civilian who stayed at home in safety while
soldiers rsked their vesand in many cases gave them
So the ground of the honor of the nation and the
CARRYING its traditions there be question that
the debts of the nation should be met promptly.
there is also strong business reason for the carry
inr over to complete of the Victory Loan III the
people do the obligations the banks Will be COM
peled This will that bank credit VIII be over
whelmed with the Victory Loan Legitimate commercial
undertakings will not secure the creditthe banking &C
commodations-they need. -
In that case whole of legitimate business would be
out line The period of reconstruction would be retarded
and the return to normal peacefupeace transformations
moved far backward.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-04-22
Let's Swear Off on
Cussedness
ny THE REV. CHARLES STEELE

It's easy enough to prove "aiibi" when the big
Job should have been done--but aibis get you
anywhere-they're generally framed to prove that
you weren't there"
When the roll IL called they won't ask you where
you didn't go. and what you didn't do bu, what DID
YOU GET ACROSS"
our sins Of OMISSION are more numerous than
our sins OF COMMISSION.
The things failed TO do will make pretty
good. sized record.
Some of US are too ALFRED lazy 60 do
wrong thing hearty-we fall down not because we're
so very good but because haven't the punch To
put ANYTHING over In "a BIG way--whether it's
BAD GOOD.
We sin in small ways because we're BUILT on a
small pattern
We're guilty merely of petty larceny" not because
we did the thing that would have sent us
to the penitentiary for life but because HADN'T
THE NERVE TO be regular" criminals
Maybe this IL stating Il rather bluntly. and no
doubt will get rise out OF somebody who'll tell
us that CRIMINALS ARE CowARDLY.
Undoubtedly most OF them They're COW.
ardly 20 face the hard facts OF ifewe won't disfse
this point
But having started out to become a criminal, II
require to finish the job. altho requires
stil MORE NERVE to stop altogether.
And so, whether we're criminals cowards-in Jail
or out OF tit would be great II off
kinds of cussedness--sma large-and put REAL
ENERGY into worthwhile Jobs Just ahead.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-04-22
Pointed Paragraphs

why do the iarges, potatoes grow on top Of The
measure7
II two souls find they have but single thought
T. useless contemplating matr.mony
I, is In accord with the eternal fitness Of thine1
tina, the police telegraph wires should be made o.
copper.
You can draw your own conclusion from the fact
THAI there isn't enough truth In existence to Keep
tongues of gossip constantly wasging.
The biggest fish caught with hook and iyin'
A steak is none the more costly for being rare
II is an easy matter TO bear the aches Of anoshers
corns.
The who lives for himself alone has not mucn
to live for.
when women nee, they gossip and when men meet
they sip.