davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14

Commission on Training Camp Ac-
tivities, has frequently been credit
ed with the authorship, who wrote
the article "Peter Sat by the Fire
Warming Himself" in the January
issue of "The Atlantic" last year.
DR.. Fosdick said: "For years the
solicitous, paternal attempt of the
churches to build a protecting hedge
around their peoples character has
been confirming the idea that the
marrow Of Christian duty is Thou
Shalt Not The righteousness of
the saints, in the general estimation
of the army, is little more than anti
anti dance, theatre, cards, drink,
smoke, profanity and all fun on Sun
days"
1t has oeen stated that the soldiers
have actually shown the churches
the positive ethic Of the religious
life. DR.. Fosdick is not the only OBJ
server who has come to that conclu-
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14
an Intimate Thing

Churchmen have been greatly
alarmed because the soldiers, in
their definition Of their understand
ing of sin, have given no place to
blasphemy or to Godlessness. But
those that have been with the troops
express no concern over that. They
say the men regard their relation
ship to God as too intimate a thing
to be discussed publicly. There was
little Testimony" given there, even
at the evangelistic meetings. The
churches that had liturgies were the
favorites of the men. They took
great comfort in the words of the
Psalms, feeling that their emotions
were being expressed in a manner
that was not too self-disclosing. The
idea of God has not been lost to the
men, in spite of the fact that there
is no mention Of Godlessness, is the
conclusion Of observers.
Father Francis Duffy, of the fa-
nous Fighting Sixty-ninth," tells
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14
The Chief Sin

Because of their mission in France
and Flanders it quite naturally fol-
lowed that the man who would stir
the spirit Of emulation would be the
bravest man. Therefore the soldiers
by contrast condemned cowardice as
the chief Of all sins. The army had
no use for the man with a yellow
streak. All the revulsion that
humans could summon was vented
upon the man who turned tail in
battle. And what they found most
contemplate was, to them, the first
of the cardinal sins. The contrary
virtue, as the language of theology
puts it, was heroism or bravery.
But that is getting ahead Of the
narrative, which first concerns the
soldiers discoveries about sin.
The welfare workers looked at the
little cards. They followed the SOL
diers' replies down each list in turn,
and they were Mortified at the dis
covery that immortality found no
mention.
1t seemed as if their teachings
had gone amiss. For all the gather
ing places of the soldiers were
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14
5y Yron Pa~s,
nunes sin pcuous by from, soldiers
creed although it Of the sins the old
end OF the capital sins Of the Catholic

ethical instruction that had been
given it was expected that all of
the men would lay emphasis upon
vice first, then upon drunkenness
perhaps upon profanity, because of
the very wide propaganda in favor
of clean speech, and then upon
gambling. 1t was expected in some
way that the code of the soldiers
would conform to the traditional
seven cardinal sins.
But there was no mention of vice
in most of the soldiers codes. And
drunkenness came in for no con-
demnation.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14
The Roman Catholic VielU

DoMAN CATHOLIC doctrine defines tsco kinds Of SIN: o)
~ mortal; (b) venial
Mortal sin is grevous offence against the lo10 Of God
Veial is: First slight against the law of God
IN matters of second, IN matters of great
poance it committed hout sufficient reflection
full of Uil.
Under the classification of mortal si the Advanced Catechsm
the Roman Catholic The most grieuou sins
those against the Holy the sins that heaven for
vengeance. The against Holy Ghost these
L. Presumption
9. Despair.
s. Rejection of the Kmowm TRUTH
l.. Envy of amothers spiritual good
S. Obstinacy in
8. Final impcnence.
The sins that heaven for vengeance
/. Wilful murder.
2. The sin of Sodom
S. Oppression of the poor
/. Defrauding nborers of their aUoges
The Advanced Capital
Sins named by st. Thomas, follows:
PRIDE
2. Covetousness.
s. Lust
I. Anger
S. Gutony.
s. Envy
2. Sloth.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14

Of all sins, they displayed a great
profundity, better grasp Of the
fundamentals of the moral life.
than any Of the professional moral
lists who had presumed to lecture
them" ''
His -cpnclusion yass much 1.-The
same as that Of the chaplain who
said, ION the whole the men are a
pretty good lot"
The welfare workers, finding that
the soldiers had made no mention
Of immortality, asked to be allowed
to consult some of the telltale
medical records of the army. They
felt that somehow the men must
have fallen into the Grimes histori-
cally attributed to the soldiery" and
that the tabulations of victims of So
cial diseases would indicate the need
of further, and more stringent,
teaching and regulation of the lives
of the men. But now came the
second shock; and this is what made
them scratch their heads in bewilder
ment. The medical records showed
an unprecedentedly low average Of
social disease victims. The Medical
Corps boasted that it was the clean.
est army in all history. It is a mat
ter Of record that one regiment of
$500 men passed through the port
Of Brest, on the return journey,
with only one man that had to be
denied the privilege of going home
because Of a preventable commune
cable disease.
The soldiers were accounted as
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14

how regular his "parishioners" were
in their religious observanccs. He
said: Zone of the most striking
things about this regiment has been
its religious life, and the external
religious life has been dominantlv
Catholic, partly on account of the
men and partly on account Of the
sacramental nature and sacrifeial
nature of the Church's worship.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14
The Ten Commandments
IRON 1he Cocsm" IN the Episcopal of Common Pravey

4. 1ho~ shalt hoUe other gods but
Thou shalt not make hysef ann craven nnoe nor the
likeness OF anything that IN heavn beneath
on M the 7rdter nder the earth Thou
them voship Lord TIM God am 5ealou God
ma o1s1t the SINS of the fathers the children the
tna ana fourth generation of them that hate
mercy tn0 thousands Of them that mn
mondmcntS.
Thou shalt not take the Name of thu God in voi
for the Lord cU not hold him guiess His name IN
Remember that thou keep holy the Sabbath Day. Sir dav
shalt tho" labor and do all that ho hast do seventh
day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God
s. Honor thy father and thy thu davs MON 5e
tong the land aOhich the Lord thy God giueh
6. Thou shalt do murder
2. Thou shalt adulteyu
s. Thou shalt not
Thou shalt not bear false acitness against thy megbor
TO- Thou shalt hy neighbours house. thou shn uo
covet thy me1ghbors % nor his rvom his or
his anything that is
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14
Rv Percy r. Edrop

Z n THE front lines of France
:. and Flanders the soldiers dis
. carded every essential, whether
it was of pack equipment or of
.soral truth. Now they present a
problem for theologians, for they
nave evolved a code of their own.
They have decided for themselves
what are the cardinal sins. They
have enumerated the essentials of a
religious life. Some of the old doc
trlnes and dogmas are. in strange
conflict Some professors of divin-
ity who spoke with certitude before
they looked into the faces Of these
men that have dared death and eter-
nifty are wondering whether re-
statement of religion is not going to
be an absolute necessity.
The seven cardinal sins, according
10 the oldtime theologians, and also
according to modern Interpretation
up to the time Of the war, we're
these:
!. Pride.
>. Covetousness.
3. Lust.
t. Anger.
5. Gluttony
s. Envy.
Z. Sloth.
Some Of the welfare workers who
we're with the troops over there had
been preaching the doctrines of the
orthodox churches on the subject of
the cardinal sins. 1t occurred to a
group Of these workers that one of
the ways to measure the effects Of
their teachings would be to pro-
pound questionnaire to the troops.
1t was simple undertaking. The
men were merely asked to tell what
they considered-as DR.. Elmer r.
Clark puts 1.-THE most repulsive
sins
Because of the very nature of the
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14
Profit From, Lessons

DR.. Harry Emerson Fosdick.
preaching pastor of the consolidated
First Presbyterian Church of New
York, is one of the leaders of the
movement to have the Protestant
churches profit by the lessons the
soldiers learned. DR.. Fosdick, al
though in Presbyterian pulpit, is
a Baptist, and he was the convention
speaker at the great national gath
erirg Of that denomination this
year. He told of his experiences with
the soldiers and said the religion of
the future, if it we're to appeal to
the men that had "diced with DEATH"
must not be thing of negations.
He told Of the appeal of the positive
qualities to the soldiers and said
that they would return to their
churches expecting to hear that re-
ligiop was a vital and vitalizing
thing that would glorify in its ad-
herents the very qualities they had
come to admire. 1t was the same DR..
Fosdick, although his brother, Ray
mond B., Of the War Department
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14

Manville Company, and who went to
France for the Y. M. c. A., where
he was the author Of the question
naire referred to, the soldiers state
ment of the most repulsive sins con-
tanned only four words. The replies
were given tersely and in military
precision, as follows:
1. Cowardice.
2. Selfishness.
3. Stinginess.
4. Boastfulness.
Mr.. Smith, in an article he wrote
for "The American Magazine," told
Of his first feeling Of being shocked
as he read the replies. But after
ward he came to analyze the SOL
diers' code and he felt that it could
be construed to be as broad as the
reaches Of the terse statement of the
constitution of the Kingdom of
Christ. DR.. Clark received another
set of replies, enumerating, gen.
orally, five cardinal sins, as follows:
l.. Cowardice.
2. Selfshness.
3. Hypocrisy.
4. Disloyalty.
5. Meanness.
DR.. Clark has made his findings
the subject of a very interesting
chapter in his book, "Social Studies
of the War" (Doran).
He says, "It will be noted that
these are all sins of the spirit, and
when these old rocks, as we used to
call them, named these as the worst
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14
Ne" Moral Code That but the
Five Cardinal
Poser for Practical Theologians

placarded with pictures of whole
some looking girls, representing
"The Wife Waiting at Home," "The
Sweetheart From Whose Gaze You
Must Not Have to Turn" and "The
Little Child That Has a Right to
Clean Parentage"
What of the Ten Commandments? Z?
What particularly of the Seventh
Commandment? Did the replies of
the soldiers indicate that there was
to be a disregard of those teachings
that have been held to safeguard the
family?
These questions were asked in
quick succession as the welfare
workers met in conferences after
the receipt of the answers to the
Questlonnaire. Some of the more in
tense among the workers began to
fear for the fate of America after
the destiny Of civilization had been
settled. The chaplains were called
into conference. 1t was felt that
they entered into closer relation
ship with the men than the civilian
workers. The chaplains-some of
them theologians Of note-did not
seem to share the fears of the civil
ian workers. One chaplain said:
"On the whole, the men are pretty
good lot. Somehow their code, if it
really be their own, stands the test
of practice pretty we'll"
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14

Continued on page tipo)
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14
Soldier Sins

According to Fred B. Smith, one
Of this country's great evangelists,
who in private life is assistant to
the president Of the H. w. Johns
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14

( y THE front lines of France
:. and Flanders the soldiers dis
. carded every essential, whether
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14
Father DuFy's Tie,cs

"1t is interesting to see the life
Of the men where they don't care
what people think about them. The
impression made is one of absolute
lack of human respect. When the
uniform is off they go flying about
the bases with their scapulars and
tags flying loose.
when confessions are to be held.
they go to confessions out in the
open square, one by one, each fes-
low coming up and telling his little
story, and it is all right in front Of
the staring villagers and swearing
teamsters and all the crowd that
gathers about in time of war.
zone Sunday morning it was
a beautiful picture to see that great
crowd of men, hundreds of them.
coming up to receive communion.
most devoutly, from my hands,
assisted always by that best of COM
mandlng officers and truest of
friends, General Michael ]. Lenihan.
Before action all were given gen.
eral absolution and everybody was
given holy communion. Sometimes
thousand of them would receive
the bread of life before the dav
would be out.
During an action on the battle.
field, religion runs through it all. I
"A man would think, with all this
religious stuff going on about the
place, necessarily other people
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14
The Whole Duty

1t was recalled that one of the
most beautiful liturgies Of the
church, quoting Christ Himself,
says only this in summing up the
whole duty of man, "Thou shalt love
the Lord Thy God with all thy heart
and with all thy soul and with all
thy mind. This is the first and great
Commandment. And the second is
like unto it, Thou shalt love thy
neighbor as thyself. On these two
commandments hang all the law and
the prophets
1t had been taught by theologians
from time immemorial that this
summation of the law implied pro-
hibitions against all the cardinal
sins, so called. If a man loved the
Lord His God he would walk with
humility and shun pride. If he
loved his neighbor he would not
covet his neighbor's goods, neither
would he be angry against his neigh
Dor. His sense Of responsibility to
God would lead to his watchful care
of his own body and soul. The glut-
tony that would harm his body,
the lusts that would defile his spirit
these would be Stunned. Envy
would be as impossible as covetous-
ness; he would rejoice in his neigh
boris prosperity. And he would not
be slothful, because he would feel
that his responsibility to his neigh
Dor, to society, would make him
contribute his just part. So the
theologians have reasoned.
The code of the Christ was not
code Of prohibitions. There were
no "Thou shalt nots." 1t was a
positive code. 1t defined no cardinal
sins. 1t stated broad general prin-
ciples. No theologians have been
shocked by the failure to specify
in a statement which Christ Him
self announced as "all the law and
the prophets" Yet the soldiers,
who actually announced certain
specifications, produced a reaction
of disappointment and of alarm as
they endeavored to reduce to the
shortest possible dimensions a code
of their conception of the eternal
moral truths.
Soldier Sins
According to Fred B. Smith, one
Of this country's great evangelists,
who in private life is assistant to
| the nresident of tho II w Toh,,e
New-York tribune., 1919-09-14

good men =, in proportion as they
developed virtues in contrast to the
sins Of their code.
Their religion was not a negative
thing. 1t was not the man who
avoided doing this or that but the
man who dared and died, the man
who would not take a mean advan-
tage of his fellows, the man who
would share his own meagre sup
plies, and, finally, the man who did
not brag about his goodness or his
bravery or his generosity or his
unselhshness, who fired the imagina-
tion Of his comrades.
Bravery finds no contrary vice in
the enumeration of the seven cardi-
nal sins, but all the others are there.
immortality, or even lust, finds no
actual mention; but examine that
word selfishness, in the light of all
the soldiers connotations, and see if
the indulgent man can measure up
to the soldiers standard of goodness.
The other comparisons are obvious.
ReOrientatiOu
With the medical records before
them and the testimony of the men
the welfare workers began to "re-
orient themselves" as the soldiers
say, and to wonder il the troops
were not right after all. DR.. Clark
was flank about it. In his words,
"They displayed a greater profun-
dity, better grasp of the funda-
mentals Of the moral life, than any
Of the professional moralists who
had presumed to lecture them"
And hear what Mr.. Smith saws
in, his article in 1.-THE American
Magazine:
81 have come to believe that it is
a fundamentally sound code. for
one am perfectly willing to go out
and preach it. And I believe that
our churches will have to take it
into consideration in the future. We
have laid too much stress on the
old surface things, the old taboo
acts--dancing, card playing, swear
ing and so on. We have got to fol-
low those boys down to the deeper
things which are fundamental
courage, unselfshness, generosity
and humility. When you come right
down to it those are the very les
sons which the Great Teacher Him.
self tried to set before the world"
In some Of the great church gath
erings Of this fall men who have
served as soldiers or with the troops
in some capacity or other will exer-
else. the privilege of the ballot in
matters pertaining to church legis-
lation. It is expected that their ex-
periences will have a marked bear
ing on the action of the Legislative
bodies of the churches.
Profit From Lessons
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-12-08
i .lLE2MoNT 4 POSSIBLE STEEL CENTER

slOITTSBURGH newspapers of yesterday carried an
announcement that the Westinghouse company con-
yerng its iron foundry at Tnford City into electric
ee furnace which will begin to turn out steel about the
6rtofthe year. The initial installation will cost about
100000 but the plan has been thoroughly tested
developed that the conversion of the entire Iraford
CITY plant will go right on and the expenditure will total
about million dollars.
Electric steel furnaces have engaged the time and minds
81 some ohe best men the steel industry for years.
buths Westinghouse plant will be the first one to be set
pm the heart Of the industry If it is commercial
cess il will work wonderful Transformation around Pitts
btrgh and in western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio, for
Il WI mean the passing Of the open hearth furnace, The
experts say.
Butwhat is more to the point as far as the people of
aimont and the upper Monongahea valley are concern
ii will make this section natural steel manufacturing
Country lhas been proved by the practical test at Rves
vile that when the proper amount OF engineering brains
But into it electric current can be made here right the
beds as cheap asst can be made any where else If
need Be this current could be sent to the mills in the Pitts
burg district but the tendency all probability Will be
bring the mill closer to the source of the current The
fine railroad facilities on each side of the river and the
aVgabe condition Of the river itself will encourage this
movement
may strike some people that if this ever comes about
al all II will be long ways in the future But no one
Who is familiar with the recent history Of the steel industry
take such position. Right now one does not have
Is ride very far down the river before he comes to the
edge Of the steel district and changes take place fast
Ia a industry that it only the other day that The
prediction Of open hearth steel passed that of the plants
using he Bessemer converte Speed is one of the OUT
anng characteristics of the leaders in steel making That
the reasons why they are able to pile up such huge
fortunes in few years. They make millions while men
viii less vision and courage sit around and talk.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-12-08
j. RS TO
I'D TOR
(iIiEDlT no WHOM. ilV

FAIRMoNT, Dec. s. Editor The
West Virginianl-Last Friday morn
ing's edition Of The Times contained
brief article concerning the derail-
ment Of No. 1000, the N. v. 7. Co. s
big locomotive, at the Keystone sid
ing on the Fairmont and Fa!rview d.
vision which was Slightly misleading.
The gist Of the article was ITO the
effect that Superintendent Smith and
Bupner had most ably engineered this
replacement Of the huge machine
upon the rails.
With all due respect to Messrs.
Smith and Bunner, who were present
as interested spectators, allow US to
suggest that due credit be given to
Foreman F. H. Graham, Fred NIL
brad, C., w. Blee and Jas. P. Dean, OF
the barn force, who, with the assist
ance of the crew of the locomotive,
removed the monster engine from tho
pile of ballast into which 1t had
plunged and replaced it upon the
rails.
While all present were very glad
indeed to have Mr.. Smith and Mr..
Bunner with them Especially as Mr..
Smith ordered sandwiches for the
mem, due credit should be given to
Pop" Graham for engineering the
tremendous task of rerailing Locomo-
tive No. 1000.
ONE WHO KNOWS.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-12-08
PERSONALS

The Misses Georgia Adams and
Augusta Straight left today for Wash
ington and from there will go, the for
mer to Memphis, Tenn, the latter to
Asheville, N, c., where they will be
engaged in Red Cross Nursing service.
Mrs. Florence Brannon, who had
been III at Cook hospital, has suffl-
GENTLY recovered as &c be able to re-
turn to her home on the East side.
Charles l.. Robinson, of Winchester,
Va, Is the guest OF relatives in this
city.
Mrs. Rose Steel and the Misses
Jeanette and Caroline Bright spent
yesterday in Warrington the guests
Of Mr., and Mrs. L. H. Boor.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence Statler have
returned from Grafton where they had
been for the past ten days on account
Of the illness of Mr.. Statler. Mr..
Statler is recovering at this time.
Miss Cecilie Mitchell spent the
week end as the guest Of Miss Betty
Rinehart at Everson.
Mrs. B. w, Scott, of Portland, Ore
gon, is the guest Of Mr.. and Mrs. w. H.
Randolph IN Vermont avenue. She
will spend the winter here,
Miss Katherine Deegan Is spending
several days in Charleston.
Mrs. Patrick M. Hoge aud daugh-
ter, Miss Harriet Marie, have return
9 from Cameron where they had Wis
tied relatives,
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-12-08

No one seems to know what the plan is which will be
proposed tomorrow Indianapolis for the settlement Of
the coal strike but those closest in touch with the stu
alton apparently that it will be accepted and
bring about the end of the struggle Perhaps the real
for this feeling is knowledge that both sides
heartily tired Of it and willing to quit any pre-
text that seems reasonable. When it is all over and
the facts available it is going to be shown that there
appalling amount of stupidity the part of the
leaders of both miners and operators in this industrial
struggle and if they are at all wise both sides will take
steps to clean house.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1919-12-08

snthfopy may cause change Of opinion regarding Tie
dr5irscn by ILL 81 m scheme o daw young
men fron an paris Il tie world under influence 81
Birth universities; Frick attempted no innovations E
cept for their SIZE and extent egacis arc II the con-
ventional type
Nevertheless he entitled to credit for acting 50 lber-
ally upon the principle that the public IS entitled 10 large
portion Of the swollen fortunes which have been built up
in this country. ,1he late Russell Sage, who amassed
$So,0OO00O, fol dtance died without leaving penny
Of it to The public In his case however the fortune was
built by cheese pairing methods and not by developing nat
ura resources and exploiting man power he probably
felt that he had peculiar right toit Moreover he left
widow who more than made up for his penurouness
by the extent and vision of her philanthropies.