New-York tribune., 1919-07-02
The
The Maqazi7e In
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which is now being built up by the es-
Enlistment of the league of nations.
Under the older system the guarantee
for the execution of similar provisions
was vested in the great powers Ex-
pcrlencc has shown that this was in
practice Ineffective, and it was also
open to the criticism that it might
give to the great powers, either indi-
vldually or in combination. a right to
interfere in the internal constitution
OF the states affected which could be
used for political purposes.
League Now Holds Power
"Under the new system the guarantee
is intrusted to the league of nations.
lhe clause dealing with this guara rantee
have been carefully drafted so as to
make it clear that Poland will not be
in any way under the rutelage of those
powers who are signatories to the
treaty.
II should desire. moreover, to point
out to you that provision has been in
serted in the treaty by which disputes
arising out Of its provisions may be
brought before the court of the league
Of nations. In this way, differences
from the political sphere and placed in
the hands Of a judicial court, and it is
hoped that thereby an impartial de-
cision viii be facilitated, while at the
same time any danger of political in
references by the powers in the in
ternal affairs of Poland will be avoided
'IN. The particular provisions to
which Poland and the other states will
be asked to adhere differ to some ex-
tent from those which were imposed on
the new states at th~ congress Of Ber-
lin. But the obligations imposed upon
new states seeking recognition have at
all times varied with the particular
circumstances.
Face New Situation
The situation with which the pow
ers have now to deal is new, and eX-
pericnce has shown that new provi-
sions are necessary. The territories
now being transferred both to Poland
and to other states inevitably include
large population speaking languages
and belonging to races different from
that of the people with whom they
viii be Incorporated. Unfortunately
the races have been estranged by long
wears Of bitter hostlites. 1t is be-
licved that these populations will be
more easily reconciled to their new
position if they know that from the
very beginning they have assured pro
lection and adequate guarantees against
any danger of unjust treatment or op-
/ PRESTON The very knowledge that
these guarantees exist will, is is hoped
materially help the reconciliation
which all desire, and will, indeed do
much TO prevent the necessity of its
enforcement
Nv. To turn to the individual clauses
Of the present treaty, Article II guar
antees to all inhabitants those ele-
mentary rights which are, as a matter
OF TACT. secured in every civilized
state. Clauses 3 to 6 are designed to
insure that all the genuine residents
IN the territories now transferred to
Polish sovereignty shall in fact be
assured of the full privileges of citi-
zenshp. Articles VII and VIII, which
arc IN accordance with precedent, pro-
vide against any discrimination against
those Polish citizens who by their re-
Ngion, their language or by their
lace, differ from the large mass of the
Polish population. 1t is understood
that far from raising any objection to
The manner Of the articles, the Polish
government have already, OF their own
accord, declared their firm intention
Of baslng tacir institutions on the car
clnal principles cnunciatcd therein
Rights of Minorities
"Thc following articles are Of a
rather different nature, in that Jhcy
I provide special privileges to certain
groups Of these minoritics
"Nl. Causes 10 and 70 deal spccifi-
callY with the Jewish citizens Of Po-
land. The Information at the disposal
OF the PRINCIPAL Allied and associated