davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1919-02-12
RED OAK GROVE.
Rev. C. w. Bussey Still Sick.
Y. WAS Hold Meeting.
Schools Reopen after
Influenza Subsidies.

Our Sunday School attendance last
Sunday was unusually small, though
we hope as spring comes on our peo-
pie will take on new life.
Mrs. Joe Bussey and Mrs. Lamb
being the only members of the W. M.
U. present, that meeting was missed
also.
Our Bible class teacher, by the help
of the members, will become more
efficient lecturer, for he studies his
lessons, and how many of US demon
strate any knowledge of the subject
or even an interest.
Parents that feel they must remain
at home, can render much encourage
ment to the Sunday School by send
ing their children. Mr.. Bussey and
the other officers Of our Sunday
School will be greatly strengthened
and encouraged by this cooperation
on the part of the parents.
On the twenty-third we hope to re-
organize and start out with the reso-
luton to try and do more for the
Sunday School and its welfare than
we have been doing.
The friends of our pastor, Rev. G.
w. Bussey, will be pleased to learn
he continues to improve from his re-
cent sickness.
The Y. w. AS meet with Miss
Maggie Agner next Sunday after
noopA Misses Maggie and Clela Ag-
ner and Miss Lou Eva Parkman will
arrange a program for this meeting.
Miss Kathleen Kenrick will con-
duct short service at the close of
this meeting in honor of Frances E.
Willard as the service we held last
February seems to have created real
admiration and interest for that most
worthy character.
We have just learned of Prof. Os-
borne of Augusta visiting our neigh
borhood last week in pursuit of
young ladies' and girls who wish to
prepare hense elves for tlae busines!,
world. Prof. Osborne's efficiency hasf
many compliments throughout this
state.
Mr.. George Gilchrist has returned
from Chicago, and will remain the
season with Mr.. George Bussey and
work crop.
Mrs. Eva Bussey has recovered
from severe attack of influenza and
is now able to be out again.
The many friends Of Mrs. Maggie
Grifis will be glad to hear she is feel
ing so strong and well, and really is
looking younger as she grows older.
Mrs. Maggie Fuller and little son
have been on a visit to their grand
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Nick Grifis,
leaving for Greenwood last Thursday.
Miss Bertha Parkman was the
guest of Miss Mildred Bussey last
Sunday.
Little Misses Fannie Dow and
Maude Hamilton were the attractive
and interesting guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. T. w. Lamb last weekend.
They made happiness and sunshine
for their host and hostess by their
childish music and sweet sunbeam
songs. At late hour fruit and candy
was very much enjoyed, and il. their
sweet, childish way they expressed
thanks for the pleasures of the even
ing.
Mr.. and Mrs. T. W. Lamb return
ed from Sunday School last Sunday
and were the guests to dinner at Mr..
James Hamilton's. .
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1919-02-12
Two Interesting Letters from
Camp Branch.

AS there has been no news from
our side in some time, thought l
would write few lines.
We have had beautiful weather
for the past few days.
Fis beginning to look like home
again, seeing a good many Of the
boys home from France.
Mr.. j. E. Burnett of the Thirtieth
Division is home from France. He
was wounded the 18th of October. It
lis Interesting indeed, to hear him
tell Of the battles he helped to fight.
He said he went over the top as many
as four or five times day. His many
friends are giving him a cordial well
come home. He made flying trip to
see his girl Friday afternoon.
Bssrs. Tommie Long and Robert
Griffis dined at MIR. o. M. Burnett's
Sunday.
Masters James and Manning Presz
cott- from Red Hill spent the week
end with Master Ollie Seigler.
We hear of orange blossoms near
us soon.
A good many in our section have
besp victims of influenza, but glad to
say all are we'll now. A good many
schools have been closed on account
ofathe "flu" which will be back-set
to the children.
Quite number are making plans
to meet the Thirtieth Division which
we hear are to land soon. We take off
our hats to them, and open our hearts
and homes to them and give them
hearty welcome. We join in with the
dear old fathers and mothers in well
coming their boys home. We thank
the dear Father who is above us all,
for sparing their lives and pray for
His sustaining grace to those who
have boys over there and have given
their lives for their country.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1919-02-12
Senator Sheppard.

The people of Edgefeld county
may be depended upon to always do
the correct and proper thing. The
selection of Hon. John C. Sheppard
to fill the unexpired term of the late
Senator Ben Nicholson is not only a
fitting compliment to former gov
ernor of South Carolina, but at the
same time it is an appreciation, nice
ly done, of the distinguished services
rendered the State by both Senator
Nicholson and Mr.. Sheppard, who is
the father-in-law of the deceased
senator. In the Senate chamber We'd
nesday memorial services for Sena-
tor Nicholson, who was one of the
best loved members of that body, and
an able, public-spirited, forward-look-
ing man, were held. The desk at
which his father-in-law sits is still
draped in mourning for him. AS for
Senator Sheppard, he will wear the
title of senator as honorably as he
has for all these years worn the title
of governor.-Columbia Record.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1919-02-12
We have had some rain for the
..stsfew days, but the sun is shining

We have had some rain for the
rssttfew days, but the sun is shining
taga -'hich we are glad to see.
,Ihm h. Rad plenty of rain to
sSG ..a, aad :: title drier wealth
<: .e4ad * I will soon be time.
rs 2i.2l; stars plowing pa
: 5urnett is at home
far = lrlough. He reached
his hcae u Wednesday afternoon,
W Il @aa ladeed q glad surprise to
every o." F.: is of the Thirtieth
Division - came over with the
wounded list. He will soon return to
Camp Jackson, and there await his
discharge.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Hudson have
moved in our community. We are
glad to have them with US and wish
them much success in the future.
Mr.. Capers DeLaughter has been
at home for some time from camp
with an honorable discharge in his
pocket.
We are very glad to have Mrs. Liz
zie Prince and her son Abbie, to live
in our neighborhood.
Mrs. ]. R. DeLaughter, Miss Lena
|DeLaughter and Mr.. Sam Hightower
from North Augusta spent a pleasant
day with Mr.. and Mrs. j. w. R. De-
Laughter on Sunday, End.
Does anybody know where our su-
pervisor is these days? Don't think
he has travelled any lately and it
will be impossible for him to travel
out this way from Edgefeld for some
time, unless he comes in an airship.
Mr.. Morris Summerall had bad
luck one day last week as he was
coming up the Martintown road. He
drove in a very bad mud hole and his
mule begged up to his ears, but came
out all right except he was very mud
dy.
If no bad luck, the orange bios
SONS will soon bloom near US.
Mrs. N. H. DeLaughter and Miss
Lila DeLaughter have gone to Au-
gusta this week on business.
Mr.. Jim Lanier has been i'll for a
few days. Hope he will soon recover.
Mr.. Charlie Lanier purchased a
new buggy during Christmas and is
making his trips very often to Angus
ia. There will soon be orange bios
SONS over his way, we presume.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1919-02-12
NOTICE u. D. c.

The regular meeting could not be
held this month, but a called meeting
of all the Daughters will be held at
an early date. All members are urged
to hand in their dues to the treasurer,
Miss Annie Deloach, at once.
Mrs A Woodcon
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1919-02-12
Henry Harris Writes His Pa
rents from New York.
January 21, 1919.


Dear Mother and Father:
1 will write you to say | am back
in New York, and had fine time on
the boat, landing on the 18th of
which am very glad.
will leave here in few days, and
will be sent to camp closer home.
Then I will know better what l am
going to do. 1 will not write again
till am moved. You can look for me
now most any time. Goodbye till
then.
Henry Harris.
U. S. A. Debarkation Hos, N. Y. City
Since the above note was written,
our young friend, Henry Harris has
returned home, and although wound
ed he says would not take q mil
lion dollars Tor his experiences az
broad.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1919-02-12

WANTED: Tenants for several
good farms. Apply to
Mrs.M. J. Norris.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1919-02-12

The election without opposition Of
Ex-Governor John C. Sheppard to fill
the unexpired term of the lamented
Mr.. B. E. Nicholson in the State sem
ate is a cause for general gratifica-
tion throughout the State. Governor
Sheppard, when very young man,
was one of the foremost of the Dem
ocratic leaders in 1876 and in the 16
years that followed he was an inde-
fatigable toiler in the public service.
Although past middle life, he is
young in heart and strong in mind
and body and it is pleasant to observe
that his experience and talents have
again been drafted by the people Of
Edgefeld to Labor for progressive
government in South Carolina.-The
State.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1919-02-12

Mrs. A. A. Woodson.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1919-02-12

I see frclr your paper that MIR.
Broadw9 has kindly given us per-
missir work our own roads, for
whic /; ought to be very thankful.
Ng., it seems to me, that the
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
To Relieve Catarrh,
Catarrhal Deafness
And Head Noises

pcrsons suffering from catarrhal
deafness. OF who are growing hard
OF hearing and have head noises will
be glad to know that this distress
ing affliction can usually be sue
cesafulty treated Mt home BY an In
ternai medicine that in many in.
stances has effected complete relief
after other treatments have failed.
Sufferers who could scarcely hear
have had their hearing restored to
such an extent that the TICK ~ a
eight inches away from either ear.
Therefore. " you know OF someone
who IL troubled with head noises
or catarrhal deafness. cut out this
formula and hand II to them and
you may have been the means ~
saving some poor sufferer perhaps
from total deafness. The pfaHcrip-
ton can be prepared at home and
Is made aa follows;
Secure from your druggist 1 OK.
parmint Double strcuRthl. Take
this home and add 10 10 = pint Of
hot water and a little Eranuiated
sugar. stir until dissolved. Take one
Tablespoonful four times n day.
pnrmint IL uaed n this way not
only to reduce by tonic action the
Eustachian Tubes. and thus 20
eauaiize the air pressure on the
drum. but TO correct any excess Of
secretions in the middle ear. and the
results IL gives are nearly always
quick and effective.
Every person who has catarrh in
any form. or distressing rumhllng
! Kissing sounds in their ears should
give this recipe n trial
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
WAS VERY REALISTIC

Hobart Hiosworih and his com.
pany. under the direction Of irwin
what. who arc now engaged In film.
ting scenes for n drama os the deep
Sra entitled. ''Below the Surface, 9"
were working on location last week
At a point on the reacoaHt several
miiea north ~ santa Monica. and
being In need Of typical fishing
village for atmosphere. they made
Arrangements 20 halt tho wrccking
OF tho old japanese fishing colony
which has been IN existence in that
particular locality for number Of
years A number Of partly dis
mantief houses were rebuilt and one
was arranged as a store with such
success that a passing automobile
party drew up Ia front OF u 10 buy
some provisions. and were very much
disappointed when they found that
IL was not the real hing.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
DAN REED MAKES
II POUND GAIN
TAKING TANLAC
Bend. Ore. Man Was in Very
Bad Shape But Now Feels
Like New Person

4 have actually gained twenty
seven pounds In weight and feel
just like a new man since began
taking Taniae." said Dan Reed. a
woodsman. who ltvcs at Rsnd. ore.
while IN tho owl Drug store 70
Gently. Continuing. lie said.
'Sorno time ago I began 90 have
,roubi. with my stomach. My Rp-
petite became very poor aud l ~.
naliy got to where I would have g.
force down every mouthfui ate.
and when did this would nuf-
fer with latenHe cramping pains IN
my stomach aftsrward would
also bioat something awful and my
heart would paipiihts terribly and
II would be all could do to get
my breath. | lost 90 much weight
that finally became % weak I
could hardly draR myself around.
when got up IN the morning !
always felt worse than when
went to bed. and / had no energy
and lust felt tired and vsorn-s,i,
all the tine.
Il had been trading 80 much
about Tanlnc IN tho newspapers
and tho good Il VA. doing Others
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
Easy to Make This
Pine Cough Remedy
Thsaanss Of families swear BY Ne
pronps results insrp~psive.
and sAses st,sat a..

Pine IL used IN nearly all pre.rfip.
tions ard remedies for coughs. The
reason Is that pine contains several
elements that have a rcmATkAh bio
effect in soothing and healing the
membranes Of the throat ard chest.
Pine cough ayrupa are com binhtions
Of pine and syTup. The "sTrup" part
IL usually plain sugar syrup.
To make the bcst pine cough remedy
that money can buy. put ~ ounces
Of rincx in a pint bottle, and hll up
with homc. made sugar syrup. or
you can use clarified molasses, honey,
or corr syrur. instead 81 sugar syrup.
Either way. you make n full pint
more than you can hay ready made
for three times the money. IL Ia
pure. good aud tastes very pleasant.
You can feel this take hold Of a
cough or cold in a wry ths; means
business. The cough may be dry,
hoarsc and tight, or may be persiAt.
entity loose from the formation Of
phlegm. The cause IL the same---in.
famed urmbranes--and this Pincx
and Syrup combination will stop il
usually in - hours or less. Spien-
did. too. for bronchial asthma, hoarse-
ncss. or any ordinary throat ailment.
FlncK is a highly concentrated COM
pound Of genuine Norway pine CT
tract, and IL famous the world over
for it, prompt effect upon coughs.
Beware Of substitutes. Ask your
druggist for "2is ounces Of Pinex"
with directions. and don't accept any.
thing clsc. Guaranteed TO give ahso-
lutte satisfaction or money refunded.
The Pinex Co, IT. Wayne, Ind.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
Let Me Prove This Free

My internal method for the treat
mcnt and permanent relief OF piles
Ia the correct one. Thousands upon
thousands of grateful letters testify
to this, and ! want you to try this
method at my expense.
No matter whether your case Is OF
long standing or recent develop
mt. whether Il is chronic or acute.
whether IL 10 occasional or perma-
mont, you should send for this free
trial treatment.
No matter where you live--no
matter what your ago or occupa-
tion--if you are troubled with
piles. my method viii relieve you
promptly.
/ especially want TO send II TO
those apparently hopeless cases
where all forms Of ointments. salves,
and other local applications have
failed.
want you TO realize that my
method Of treating piles is the one
most dependable treatment
This liberal offer of free treat
mcnt Is too important for you to
neglect n single day. Write now.
Send no money. Simplyamail the
coupon-but do this nowITODAY.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
STRAND

Seattle folk who are seeing Male
and Female" at the Strand this
week may not realise that the lives
of both leading players were en-
ianEsred during the taking OF the
picture.
Gloria Swanson. the leading
woman. actually had Co go into "a
den OF lions alone and be photo
graphed there. Recently she was
asked this question: -Iiow did you
feel whom you were lying on the
stone floor and felt the lions paws
GA your hare baokg"
Tile greatest thrill I have ever
had In my No." shs replied.
II am not the only one she
added. whose life was In danger
wi,ilc Male ani Female was being
produced. The Hhlpwreok scene
nearly proved fatal 20 MIR. Melghan.
TIE yacht turned over no quickly
that he koi caught In tho sall and
was carried under the water. lie
stayed down 10 long. struggling 20
FREQ himself. that we ali thought nc
was drowned and everyone was
badly scared until he managed to
set clear OF the wreck"
Tho shipwrcck scene referred to
by Miss Swanson II one Of tho bes,
wreck scenes shown on tho screen
since the showing OF Tho Wreck. ="
Anita Stewards starring vehicle. in
which headon train collision was
staged.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18

n,undous scenes IN u. ". GriftlthH'
popular photoplay The Fall OF
Babylon" at the Rex this week.
Constance Taimadge. FULLY Nor
shall, Mildred Harris Chaplin and
George fawee,t are prominent in
the east
LIBERTY
The ThunderbOlt- starring kaih
crime Macdonald. IL the feature at
traction az the Liberty this week.
This Is the first picture Miss Mac
Donald has made slnce she Joined
the First National ~ mpany She
has been widely advertised by thla
company az "ihe American beauty"
The STORY tells OF young south
ern girl forced into iovcie~a mar
rage with her most bitter enemy.
There Ia also a sennctt comedy on
the program titled a iady's Taaor."
COLISEUM
In THE Risht TO Happiness" at
the Coliseum this week big 81
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
Picture hf{er

A Seattle favorite. Clara Kim
ball Young. viii be featured at
the Strand, beginning Saturday
la Eyes Of Youth"
The city Of Los Angeles Fnd
vicinity have been rannacked for old
prairie Hchoonern. high-whecled
bicycles and other modes Of con
vcyance popular In 1889. They Will
bo uned in the latest feature photo.
drama being made by the United
Pictures. starring Dustin fsrnum.
Bryant Wnshburn VIII be the
featured player la at Pays 10
Advertise" screen version OF
the famous stage success. This
will be the next attraction at
the Coliseum.
THE Last Straw" from the pen
81 Harold Titus. has been purchased
by William Fox for his new star.
Buck Jones.
Zane Grcy's story, Desert
Gold" comes Ia the liberty fol
lowing The TbuDdcrbolt," which
Is now playing.
Pretty little Shirley Mason has a
new hobby-nhe IN taking a course
In interior decoration.
Pretty little Madge Kennedy
comes 10 the Clernmer Saturday
In her latest ooidwyn picture.
Thru the Wrong Door"
William Farnum will soon be fea-
tured In Wings OF the Morning"
Madlaine Traverse has Just pur.
chased IL lovely new Paris gowns.
which she win wear In what
Would You Dor"
Pearl white viii begin work on
her first production for the Fox
company Ia few days.
Marie raEano. daughter OF the
Marquis Of Malta. win support
George walsh IN shark Rnwley."
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
Discolored or Spotty
Skin Easily Peeled Off

Tho discoioring or rougheuing to
which many skins are subject at
this season may readily be gotten
rid OF. Ordinary marculizcd wax.
spread lightly over the face before
retiring and removed In the morning
with soap and water. completely
rcelH or the disfgured akin, Get
about an ounce Of the wax at any
druggists. There's no. more effec-
tive way OF banishing chape,
blotches, pimpies. freckies or other
cutancous defects. Little skin par.
ticieH come OF each day. 20 the proc
eHs Itself doesn't even temporarily
mar your looks or keep you Indoors.
and you gradually acquire a brand
face.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18

berian wolfhouud PUSHES IN the
burning house 81 Andrew Hard.
castle, American money king. and
rescuss the mllllonairs'n baby girl
by unlocking the vault why're she
IA tranped aud then dfags her 60
safety. The picture. which has 10
DO with Russian revolution. stam
Dorothy Philiips
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
YOUNG MEN HELD
BY ANTI-RED SQUAD

Victor Niemi and william John
son. each IS. are In the city jail
on open charges awaiting inyestiga-
ton into their alleged seditious
activities.
Both men were arrested in the
Happy Home pool room. ait Yesler
way. Wednesday by members OF
tho anti-rcd squad.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18

Too many proposals make life
boresome. 30 Fay Lemport. leading
lady with Mary Pickford. IL taking
refuge In the study OF psycho-analy.
sis. Fay r. said to have received
30 proposals in one month. Now II
involves considerable energy for an
1s-year.old girl weighing only 30
pounds to reject that many suitors.
Maybe she's going TO substitute n
sort OF psycho-analyuc repulse for
the old fashioned cold shoulder"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
CARS GO DEAD WHEN
CABLE SH0RT-ClRCUITS

Service on the Lake Burien. Aid
ard Fauntirroy Hines o. the municipal
railway system was Interrupted for
more than an hour Wednesday after
neon. when short circuit IN the
submarine cable cut OF power from
the company's West Seattle sub
station.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
0Sf'lle |
>ZT,1T7pG1(4


l0bRt iNVtNNN>
COLISEUM -- Dorothy Phillips In
The Right Ca Happiness ia
Jssaisod. comedy Coliseum News.
titNMIH--Niaia Dana In ''fiesso
Get Married. "Narimba Land"
frisms colesvd piciure-l screen
star. aa They Are.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Mac Donald In
The rhundcfhoit"l "a Lady.
Taller" scunT- comedy rathe
News Liberty we-lls
RfN-D. ". ssiffith'. The Pail of
Bahs lou Matt saa J~ff comedy.
sfNt>n-~teeii he Miles Male
aud Female" s~.ond week.
MISSION - Frank Maya In The
nrute isrsk-r." until ta.~dsy Night
osiyt coming ednc-day, '-the
Miracle Of Love"
tOIoNitis--f-Egy May In s-fbe
fiea-- Of Intrigue"
fJtriH-r,eiyn No.bit In ''wemas.
Woman"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18

The art titles OF Viola Dana's new
picture 'Picasc Oct Married" show
Ing az the cicmner this week. are a
series of paintings In oil. made by
u. Anthony Tauaky. o, the art star
Of Screen Classics. Inc. Ills work
along a similar line for previous
Melrc and Nazimo attractions won
eenstdefable attention and praise.
Please Get Married" II a hsht
COMEDY drama In which little Miss
Tar a has tho role Of n dsmurn ..,tic
briis whose honeymoon Almost psEs
ofis 10 be no honeymoon at all.
REN
The army o: Cyrus. the perEias.
advances on tho city "a naby. on.
whore walls reach 800 feet high. In
tent on wrcckinx the city, The
horscman who thrilled tho spectator
In The Birth OF n Nation couln
bs swallowed up and almost lost %
sight in this cavalry OF Cyrus.
This march, is only one of the tire
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
FREE TO
Pile Sufferers

Don't he Cut--untii You Try Thi.
New Home Cure That Any One
Can Use without Discomfort or
Loss of Timr--simpiy Chew Up u
Pleasant Tasting Tablet Occasion
ally aud hid Yourself of FILES.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18
sixsy-f,ve Columbia students re-.

spondcd to an ad In the college
daily asking for an escort for an
unconventional girl" Now II de
veicps the ad was written by two
male members OF the editorial
staff
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18

Hockey on horse" was the first
name given 20 polo. a sport played
more than 1000 years ago turnout
the orient.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18

Japan. when they are Of "a gool
variety. are n vegetable dish tn
has no rival.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18

NEW YoRK.-The mysterious
woman who was mentioned as my
friend In the will Of r. p. shonts.
traction king. is Mrs. Amanda c.
Thomas. She Is to receive $500. 900,
according TO the will. Mrs. shonts Is
left s. 900 and a pointing Of herself
by Prince Troubctskoy.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1919-12-18

In tho village Of DENLY Vale.
Yorkshire. Eng. Il has been tho Gus
tom 10 celebrate national event By
baking an enormous pie for tho vii
layers and visitors.