The Penn's Grove record., 1919-12-05
poatrn.. rDr .ecurtng =. malntsnane.


postrinA. M securing the maintenance
II peace. i.
ARTICLE 22-To those colonies n
territories which as a consequences OF
the late war have ceased to be unoeF
the sovereignty Of the states when
formerly governed them and which are
Inhabited by peoples not yet able 10
stand by themselves under the strenu-
pus conditions Of the modern worLo'
there should be applied the princlpis
that the wel1-being and development
of such peoples form q sacred trust OF
nivilization and that securities for the
performance of this trust should pc
embodied in his covenant.
The best method of giving practlcai
effect to this principle is that the tute,
iage of such people should be ntrusteo
to advanced nations who by reason OF
their their experience OF
their geographical position can pest
undertake this responsibility, n VINO
are willing to accept 1t, and tnat tnls
tuteIage should be exercised by them
as ~mandataries on behalf of the league.
The character of the mandate must
differ according to the stage of devel-
opment of the people, the geographicai
| situation of the territory. its economic
conditions and other similar clrcum-
stances.
Certain communities formerly be-
| longing to the Turkish empire haFe
| reached a stage of development wnere
their existence as independent natlons
can be provisiouAlIly recognized subject
to the rendering of administrative adj
vice and assistance by a mandatory uh-
til such time as they are able to stano
alone. The wishes of these commuhl-
ties must be a principal consideration
in the selection of the mandatory.
Other peoples, especially those OF
| central Africa, are at such a stage tnat
the mandatory must be responsible Ior
the administration of the territory un-
der conditions which will guarantee
| freedom of conscience and rellglon,
subject only to h maintenance of pub
lie order and morals, the prohibition OF
| abuses such as the slave trade, the
arms traffic and the liquor traffic, ana
! the prevention of the establishment OF
fortidcations or military and naval
bases and of military training OF the
| natives for other than police
and the defense of territory, and VIII
also secure equal opportunities for the
trade and m of other members
of the league.
There are territories, such as South
west Africa and certain of the South
Pacific islands, which, owing to the
sparseness of their population or their
small size, or their remotenesS from
the centers of civilization, or their geo
| graphical contiguity to the territory
of the mandatory, and other clrcum-
\ stances, can be best administered under
the laws of the mandatory as Integral
portions of it's territory, subject to the
safeguards above mentioned in the in
| terests of the indigenous population.
In every case of mandate the man
/ datary shall render to the council an
annual report in reference to the ter
ritory committed to its charge.
The degree of authority, control, or
administration to be exercised by the
mandatory shall, if not previously
agreed upon by the members OF the
league, be explicitly defined in each
case by the council.
A permanent commission shall be
| constituted to receive and examine the
annual reports Of the mandataries and
to advise the council on all matters re-
lating to the observance of the man
dates.
ARTICLE 23.-Subject to and in ac-
cordance with the provisions of inter-
national conventions existing or mere
after to be agreed upon, the members
of the league:
la will endeavor to secure and
maintain fair and humane
conditions of labor for men,
women, and children, both In
their own countries n in
all countries to which their
commercial and industrial
relations extend, and for that
purpose will establish and
maintain the necessary in
ternational organizations;
CD undertake to secure just treat
ment of the native inhab-
itants of territories under
control;
(c) will intrust the league with the
general supervision over the
execution of agreements with
regard to the traffic in wom-
en- and children n the traf-
hc in opium and other dan
gerous drugs;
Id will intrust the league with the
general supervision of the
trade in arms and ammuni-
ton with the countries in
which the control of this
traffic is necessary in the
common interest;
(e) will make provision to secure
and maintain freedom of
communications and of tran
sit and equitable treatment
for the of all
members of the league. In
this connection the special
necessities of the regions
devastated during the war of
1914-191S shall be borne In
mind;
10 will endeavor to take steps In
matters of international con-
Germ for the prevention and
control of disease.
49,