davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
One More State Probable
Along the Baltic Sea

Equally true is the case Of the Baltic
states with Lithuania. In these regions
the Bolshevists and several races In
habiting the shores have been fight
ing steadily for more than wear
Sometime, perhaps, Europe will take
courage and go to the rescue of these
peoples. When this time comes we NAV
expect to see ut least one more state
developed along the Baltic between the
Neva and the Gulf of Finand: as vet
nothing has been done or agreed unon
Elsewhere the map Of Europe is sub
stantially remadc.
AS to the matter Of the German
colonies, they will be divided among
the vlctors, who will hold them as
mandatories Of the league Of nations.
II there shall be league of nations.
but IN any event Japan will ACQUIRE
tho Northern Pacific Islands, and the
German title to Kiao- Chau, Australia
Will have New Guinea, New Zealand
the German Samoan Islands. Great
fritaln German East Africa, the Union
of South Africa will have German
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11

are at odds over the district Of Tes
chen, on the western fringe Of Galicia.
and the Poles and the Ukranians have
actually been fighting for many
months, interrupted by brief truces.
over Lemberg.
Of all these difficulties, only one is
really serious and remains unsettled.
TINS is the break between the Poles and
the Ukrainians 1t is serious. because
1t represents part Of one significant
failure of the conference at Paris.
For variety of reasons, it has been
impossible to adopt policy toward
Russia. This inability to face the
Russian problem as a whole has re-
suited in failure to reach decision
as TO the Eastern frontiers | am told
that Lemberg will ultimately 90 to the
Poles and that further DISPUTE be-
tween the Poles and the Iithuanians
Will be decided mainly in favor Of the
Poles, who will certainly acquire Grod-
no and probably Wilma; but it will be
impossible for Europe to fix the east
ern boundaries of Poland until it can
make up its mind concerning the whole
Russian situation.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
Disputes Over Boundaries
Still Must Be Solved

We have had, and we still have. in
Paris a number of relatively minor
disputes over boundaries which are
approaching but have not yet reached
solution. The most serious of these
is the clash between the Jugo- -Slavs
and the Italians over Fiume, Dal-
malta and the Adriatic islands. There
IS at present possibility that Italy
VII! compromise her claims by taking
flume and the Adriatc islands, leav-
ing Dalmatia to the Slavs. This would
perhaps be the fairest solution.
The second awkward difference OF
opinion exists between the Greeks and
the Italian and grows out of the pos
session by the Italians as conse-
quence OF their Ttpolitan war Of
twelve Greek islands in the Egean.
together with Rhodes, and the Italian
claim on behalf Of Albania, which is
Sne consequence Of Italy's occupation
OF the port Of Valona. Here again
mere has been in recent days a marked
improvement in the direction Of COM
promise, and there seems TO be a gen
cfai agreement that Italy will sur
renoer most, II not all, Of the Egean
ISLANDS and accept the Greek claim to
northern Eprus.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
Cerman-Austrian Provinces
Likely to Join Germany

Similarly, it seems now to be settled
that the German speaking provinces of
Austria will join Germany; thus Mittc-
europa has at last been resolved into
It's component racial elements and Eu
ropean history enters a new phase.
which must be shaped largely as the new
states which have been created succeed
IN achieving national existence or fail
In the task and fall victims again to
Ieutonic and Russian ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
In constructing these new states Eli
rope Is following in the East and with
respect to Germany the policy Of the
Congress Of Vienna in 1915 and Of the
Treaty of Utrecht q century before
Then an effort was made to put bar
r1ers along the eastern and northern
frontiers of France and to make new
French wars Of conquest impossible.
Now Europe is seeking to put Polish.
Czecho-Slovak, Rumanian and Juro-
Slavic obstacles along the highway of
German expansion to the east and up
on the success or failure of these OBJ
stacles depends the future peace of the
world
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
Defenders Must Pay
Huge W ar Obligations

1t is a fact little mentioned, but
widely perceived here, that the payment
which Germany can make. even in the
remote future, Will hardly cover the
cost of restoring the devastated dis
triots, with a smaller payment for the
destroyed merchant marine of the AL
lied nations; yet the fact is obvious
and ominous that colossal debts
which Germany has compelled her enc
mics to incur in self-defence will still
have TO be borne, not by the German
aggressor, but by the people who had
to defend themselves against German
assault.
After many hcsitations and much
debate the Allies have not merely
come to a substantial agreement on
the terms of peace which arc to be
imposed upon Germany, but they are
now in accord that terms which are
TO be final shall within the next few
weeks be served upon Germany in the
shape of preliminary peace terme
There is general agreement that far
too much time has been wasted in
scttlng the relatively simple and
enormously important problem of
what TO do with Germany. In this
period Germany has gone through
stage of political recovery which made
her new menace for the moment,
at least in appearance, and following
this she has slowly sunk into state
of chaos and revolution which can
hardly be arrested unless such Ger
man leaders as remain are able to
begin the business Of national life on
be the terms which the Allies have
decided upon.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
Burton Wants No League
That Relieves Germans
World Must Know That Trick
cry and RutInlessness Do Not
Pay, Saws Former Senator

Former Senator Theodore 4. Burton
OF ONO, speaking TO members of the
Canadian Club of New York at the Ho
tel Blltmorc last night in support of
the league of nations, said: II do not
advocate any league of nations which
VIII relieve Germany of. the penalties
or her crimes. No peace, whether
through treaty with Germany or by
league OF nations, viii satisfy demands
OF justice and hold out hope for the
mllllons to follow unless the hand Of
the conqueror is laid heavily upon the
gu ity. The world must know that
trlckery and ruthlcssness do not paw"
senator Burton said that while some
OF the provisions Of the so-called COW
onant needed clarifcaton and some
nodded amendment the advantages of
the league were manifold
w @ cannot say the affairs of Fu-
rope do not concern US" he continued.
after sending nearly two million men
70 fight for the liberty of the world.
What if we do have to give up por-
ton Of our sovereignty? This is a
time tor sacrifice, and there must be
Willingness all over the world to yield
somewhat to the necessities of the
times. AS Webster asserted. the Mon
roe Doctrine was simply and solely for
our protection. The league will fur
nish an excellent example of the Mon
roe Doctrine by the statement that the
strong nations shall not attack or dom
mate the weak"
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11

tury, and steps have been taken to
provide for the creation of Rhenish
republic, that when such an attack
comes, If it does, its first fury will
DE borne not in the French and Bel
gian industrial districts, but in the
German-speaking regions of the
Rhenish republic.
AS the Congress of Vienna under
took to protect Europe against France
after the Napoleonic wars, the Con-
gress of Versailles is now seeking to
protect Europe against a new German
menace. and its military and terri
torial guarantees are absolutely Of the
most formidable character.
Clearly defined and still approaching
settlement is the very vexed question
of what reparation Germany must
make. Calculations as to the utmost
Germany can pay vary as widely as
ten billions for minimum to forty
billions as maximum, and l have
encountered no credible witnesses who
believe that Germany will be able to
pay more than twenty billions in any
relatively near future; and even such
payment will have to be stretched over
period of years. In these years, fol-
lowing the precedent Of the German
occupation of France in 1870 and
thereafter. until payment of the in
demnity the Allied troops will occupy
the left bank of the Rhine with the
bridgehcads as guarantee against
payment. Moreover. even better
guarantee is the utter dependence of
Germany upon the outside world for
food supplies, which Will leave her
completely at the mercy of the Allied
blockade
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
Asia Minor Problem
Now Facing Allies

Ihere remains the grea. problem Of
Asia Minor, which carries with it the
question Of Constantinople, of Ar
menla, Of Syria and Of the Arabian
regions extending from the Medter-
ranean to Mesopotamia. /. remains
the hope of Europe that the United
States viii accept both Constantinople
and Armenia as mandatories. The
Anglo French differences over Syria
have not yet been resolved Greece
Will certainly receive Smyrna and a
portion of the west coast Of Asia Minor
inhabited by Greeks Italy is equally
likely to become the mandatory for
the south shore Of Asia Minor from
Rhodes to the Gulf Of AleXandretta;
but these questions OF the Near East
are less settled than any others as yet
and shall reserve them for later
discussion.
In sum, after three months of discus
sion, the conference a Paris has agreed
upon a preliminary draft of the league
of nations; it has redrawn the from
tiers of Europe and substantially
agreed that these lines shall be perma-
nent; it has fixed the terms of Ger
man disarmament conditions. Of Ger
man future military life; it has aiken
precautions against Germany, both mil
ltary and territorial. Except, with re-
spect of Russia and Asia Minor, the
great task is we'll nigh completed, al
though the details remain open. By
another month, the European phase Of
the liquidation Of the world war should
be over, but, satisfactory as is this
progress, fair and reasonable as is
the settlement which is reaching com
pletion, there is in the minds of all
those who arc in Paris the ever-press-
ing anxiety alike as to German revolu-
ton and Russian anarchy, the ever
present problem as to whether western
civilization will be able to preserve
what it has built against the ever
growing storm of Bolshevism.
Copyright. 1919, Mcclure Newspaper Syndlcate)
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11

months before as the closing act of
the Franco Prussian war. We are
then very close to peace, and when
the preliminary peace has been signed,
the German phase of the war will be
over.
In addition to dealing with Germany
the Allies had before them the gigantic
task of erecting on the ruins Of Aus
tria and Hungary and on the western
frontiers of Russia new states which
should in general follow the lines Of
ethnic division.
This task also has been pushed in
recent weeks, and we can now see on
the map substantially what are to be
the limits of the new states of Poland
Czecho- Slovakia, Jugo- Slavia, Rumania
and Hungary.
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11

pears at the magic words of Mr. Lloyd
George.
France has made many sacrifices
we never thought it right that she be
denied the right to fix the fundamental
conditions Of her military system. He
urged a professional army OF nothing
but nursery regimental formations
ready in case of mobilization, and that
TO disarm the country it was better to
reduce the general staff and the reg
mental formation than the number of
men who pass some months in the bar
racks. The future Will decide whether
Mr.. Lloyd George or Marshal Foch was
right
NJ. Pichon admitted the project for
creation of d Rheno- Westphalian state
has been privately discussed by mem
bers of the Council of Ten, but has not
come up officially for discussion. 1t
formed part of the general question of
Germany Questioned in regard to the
possible union of German Austria with
Germany he said:
You ask whether that can be con-
sidered q fait accompli. Emphatical-
~, no. Such a step cannot be taken
without the consent Of the Peace Con-
ference, under whose direction such
territorial questions affecting Ger
many and Austria now rest. When
this matter is considered by the con-
ference | don't think you viii find .the
decision such as to please those de-
string the union of the German Aus
TRANS with GERMANY"
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
German Trick
In Refusal to
Give Up Ships
Continued from page

that if they don't deliver the feet
they VIII not get food and will only
have themselves to blame for the ex-
tremes to which they will be thus re-
duced'
Second IN Importance to this ques
ton is the basis on which the future
German army is to be permitted to
exist. NJ Pichon this morning said
that on Mr. Lloyd Georges suggestion
a volunteer army for Germany instead
Of one by conscrption has been ADOPT
ed by the council Of ten. The press is
disturbed by this announcement.
LIE Journal remarks:
1.-TWO hundred thousand veterans.
even 100000 if we add the sailors and
the police-that is what the British
plan allows. Here is pretty fashion
Of stopping Prussian militarism. We
shall see drillmaster king again. We
shall see a Frederick H.
The paper adds that French opinion
Will have difficulty in understanding
the turn taken in this matter. 1t saws:
he French thought it quite natural
that tie British proposal regarding
naval Disarmament should be accepted.
since that power is specially interest
ed. The most elementary logic would
have assigned, for the same reason.
the same authority to France regard
lng military matters. But this disap-
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11

Nc1C York Tribune
Washington Bureau
WASHINGTON, March 1O.-Senator
Henry Cabot Lodge. Of Massachusetts,
leading opponent Of the present draft
of the charter of the league Of nations,
has received, it is understood, a cabled
request from abroad that he prepare
an amendment to the proposed consti-
tuition which will specifically safeguard
the Monroe Doctrine. The message. if
IS said, came through the State De
partment from we'll known American
now in Paris. 1t bore no official in
dorsement Of the American peace del
egation; in fact, it is thought here
the request was communicated with
out the knowledge of the President.
However, should Senator Lodge con
clude to act favorably on it. it is prac-
tically assured that his reply would
be formally laid before the Paris CON
ference.
No inkling of what Senator Lodge 3
attitude will be on the request from
Paris could be obtained here TODAY
His secretary, c. F. Redmond. stated
that ne had experienced difficulty
during the day in communicating
with the Senator by wire at Nahant'
Mass, where he is spending the next
fcW weeks at his summer home. and
where, presumably, the cable was de-
llyered.
Powers Behind Request
In well informed circles here to-
day it was thought that the sugge stion
that Senator Lodge propose a modif
cation of the charter which would ex-
pressly safeguard the Monroe Doc
trine originated in informal represen-
tations by one or two of the major
powers now sitting at the peace table.
Both Great Britain and France, it is
known, have been seriously concerned
ABOUT the growing opposition in this
country to the league charter as pre-
sented here by the President. They
fear that despite the confident public
assurances of the President it will be
difficult to obtain ratification in its
present form.
Realizing that league of nations
without the United States as major
slgnatory would be out of the ques-
tion at this time, they are willing to
consent to amendments which will
meet the objections advanced by
Senators Lodge, Knox and others, but
they are impotent to suggest Ameri-
can amendments. Moreover, the
powers, it is believed here, are anxious
to secure some amendments on their
own behalf.
President Wilson, however, seeming
ly confident that by the power Of his
own personal appeal he can force rati-
fication Of the present league charter,
has decided, it is believed here, to
stand on the present draft and to op-
pose all amendments
Seek to Satisfy Americans
However, because they believe that
amendments are essential to Ameri-
can ratification, they have sought to
effect such changes as will make the
charter acceptable to American critics
by inviting Senator Lodges coopera-
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
Great Britain TO Sink
SeiSed German Ships
That 4re 1,rarded Her

PARIS, March l0-Thc supreme
council to-day adopted tho report of
the military experts concerning the
definite military status Of Germany
after fixing the terms.
The council decided the representa-
t'ves on the economic anc nnanciai
commissions of the powers with spe-
cial interests, who have been the
cause Of much discussion, should be
designated by the great powers.
The official statement issued after
the meeting reads:
"Thc supreme council met this
afternoon at the Quai d'Orsay from
9 to $50 o'clock. The council de-
cided that the great powers should
designate the representatives. of the
powers with special interests on the
economic and financial commiss ions.
"The council then turned to the
report of the military experts, pre-
sented by Marshal Foch, relative to
the definite military status OF Ger
many. The terms of this report
were fixed and its conclusions
adopted
"The next meeting will take place
tomorrow at 3 o'clock in the after
noon"
British government regarding the plan
=
been noticed since the return of Pre-
mier Lloyd George to Paris. 1t now
appears probable that instead of the
German craft being sunk Great Brit
ain will be willing to permit France
and Italy to keep some of the ships.
but Will consent to sink her own al
lotment.
In this way, it is said, Great Brit
ain would relieve the United States
of the necessity Of carrying out her
projected great naval building pro
grammc, which, it is understood, was
based on The intention to prevent any
dominant navy as would give her con-
troll of the seas against the powers of
the league of nations.
The addition of a limited number of
the German warships to the French
and Italian navies would not sensiblv
disturb the present balance of naval
power, excluding Austria and Ger
many.
The desire Of American naval ex-
perts that the German ships be ilimi-
mated completely, it is said, is based
on considerations Of economy, as they
hold that if the German ships are
given to Great Britain in tho proper
tion proposed, the United States
would be compelled to spend $1,000,
100000 to maintain her place in the
naval lists.
"The committee on the internation-
al regime Of ports, waterways and
railways met this morning in plenary
session at $3.50, at the Ministry Of
Public Works" says to-day's official
communiQu6 from this committee. at
continued the discussion of the clauses
to be inserted in the treaty of peace
and began the examination Of the con-
troll of navigation on the Rhine.
THE meeting adjourned at 12:45."
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
What Treaty VIII Cost Germany
Territory

Territory
Germany will stop the Rhine western frontier
OF Poland preceding the partition of 1772
She will he purely German regions Austria
Rhenlh republic to be bank
ultimately returned to her
smaller than that of Spain
She will lose roughly speaking 80 600 square miles or torrt
Population
Germany will lose between 5000 600 po
ato IN the east and the west The acquisition German
speaking regions of Austria will to 100000
Nary
Germany will have heet ,;ro ,
certain other ships destroy warsps and all M
plants.
Arnv
Germany's standing army be reduced from 500 600 10
100000 ' ~
Industry
Ali 10 be strict Allied snnorv;e;or A 49,. -
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
League Might Embrou
4. $. Throughout " orid,
Says Freiiuglsuysen
Nc,o ori' Tribune

" Washington Rtrcau
WASHINGTON, March Declar-
ing that the American people will
never agree to an Obligation recurring
TINS country to enforce international
law in Europe, Asia and Africa, Scna-
tor Frelinghuysen of New Jersey. in
statement issued here tonight called
for radical amendment of the consti-
tuition of the league of nations. lie
said;
The question before the public is
not the abstract one whether it IS do
sirablc to have an international agree
ment which will prevent wars or at
least render them improbable, but the
concrete proposition whether the pro-
posed league Of nations is so nearly
perfect that no attempt should be
made to amend or even to criticise it.
Under the proposed league secret
treaties may be made up to the time
of its adoption and may remain secret
after it's adoption.
The league is open to the construc-
ton that an executive council NAV
pass upon questions such as the tariff,
immigration laws and their enforce
mont; that we must be ready with our
army and navy to protect any nation
in Europe, Asia or Africa when at
tackled by another nation, and that
should we become party to 1t we
can never withdraw unless we secure
the consent of all other parties.
Representatives of foreign govern
ments should not have voice in our
internal affairs.
"There should be common rules bind
ing upon. all nations so "a to render
wars improbable. believe the United
States would be prepared to agree that
it would cooperate to see that those
rules were scrupulously observed on
the American continent. | cannot be-
lieve, however, that public opinion in
the United States favors an obligation
to enforce international rules in Asia,
Africa and Europe.
ANY international agreement which
is made should contain a provision per
mitting us to withdraw, "a we certainly
would desire to do, should we learn
that instead of promoting the welfare
of the world the league was merely
sowing the seeds of another world
strife -
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
Taft Says League Hasn't
''Dynamite" Friends Think

ELIZABETH, N. j., March 10-"The
league of nations hasn't the dynamite
in it that some of its friends think !"
declared exPresident William Howard
Taft in an address before a body of
business men in the Y. NJ. C. A. here
tonight. But he said that the league
should be greeted with enthusiasm.
In speaking on the labor question
Mr.. Taft declared that labor should re-
ceive more recognition at the hands OF
capital and that labor should take a
more conservative stand toward cap
ital
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11
Preliminary Treaty To
Be Ready About April ]

In all probability by the last of
March or the first days of April the
Germans will be invited to come to
Versailles and sign the preliminary
treaty of peace terms, which have
in general, outlined above. With very
minor notifications this preliminary
treaty Will express the final decision
of the Allies exactly as the Treaty Of
Frankfort registered with insignificant
changes the armistice signed many
New-York tribune., 1919-03-11

tion through unofficial channels il I,
believed here
The proposed Monroe Doctrin.
amendment which Senator Lodge IS
asked TO draft presents difficult
problem, 1t IS pointed out here. An
express reservation made hv tho
United States to safeguard the Non
roe Doctrine would be certain. it is
predicted, to cause the presentation
OF proposals by Japan for similar rec
ognition Of Japan in the Orient. Once
opened TO amendment, moreover. the
constitution would be practically re
drafted
This would be a long process. and
even II better document resulted the
Presidents desire for action on the
league before peace with Germany is
effected would probably be defeated.
Moreover, the league charter would
lose the distinctive association with
tne PRESIDENT which its first presenta-
.'lon by nm to the world has given it.
Insist an Amendments
Critics Of the President here main
tain that charter which viii not
stand discussion and which is not the
product Of the most careful Deliberate
interchange OF views between the ma
tons would be q dangerous covenant
and which the United States should
hesitate to enter. For this reason
they favor amendments, even though
this postpones for considerable time
the ratification by the nations Of the
league proposal
1t is not considered likely here that
Senator Lodge will consent to present
the Monroe Doctrine amendment unless
he is invited to do so by the Presi.
dent. Senator Lodge may make q
public statement TO this effect. Z is
believed here, in which case the ques-
ton of safeguarding the Monroe
Doctrine would then be put up square
ly to the President