davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
The View of
Former Premier

The former Polish Prime Minister
and leader Of the Socialists, Ignace
Daszynski, gave me this view of the
Jewish problem.
The meat of the Jewish ques-
aon," Daszynski told me quite
frankly, rs that the Polish people
leel that there are too many Jews
IN Poland, at least there are too
many Of them in the cities. The
number Of Jews in Poland for the
country at large is 10 per cent. In
TIE cities, however, the number of
Jews often runs from 60 to 70 per
cent. In Warsaw the number of
Jews is 80 per cent, in Lublin 48.
IN one or two cities it is as high as
30 per cent"
1t will serve no good purpose here
70 give complete list of the hun
areds Of pogroms, big and little, re-
ported in Poland since last Novem-
Der.
Pogroms in 108 cities in Poland
nave been reported during the
months Of November and December
alone. The complete list Of places
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Jews Demand
Protection

Citizen Moraczewski. The pres
ent state Of affairs cannot go on.
The Jewish population of Warsaw
demands protection of you. Give US
safety. Three hundred and fifty
thousand Jews of the Polish capital
cry for it and you must give them an
answer
Editor Nomberg's statement that
the Polish government has work and
opportunities for the people in the
"world of light" refers to the fact,
which has caused much bitterness,
that the Polish government has not
only disregarded the Jewish popula-
ton in the appointment of men to
various city, state and national
Offices, but has even gone further
and has discharged practically every
Jew formerly employed in govern
ment work.
Investigation in Warsaw dis
\1OoSU tiielI VILE Iiltlc are III lfldL
city about 10000 communal workers.
the Jews as class are excluded
from these positions. This despite
the fact that the Jewish population
in Warsaw is SO per cent of the en-
tire population.
A similar situation prevails on
the railroads. Before the revolution
Of November II, which gave Poland
her independence, there were several
thousand Jews working on the rail
roads in Poland. With the entry Of
the new Polish government these
men lost their jobs and far less
efficient men were put in their
places. Jewish engineers and sur
veyors are walking the streets OF
Warsaw, haggard and desperate. be-
cause Poland will not give them
work, and they cannot emigrate be-
cause the frontiers are closed. There
is not Jew working on a streetcar
in Warsaw.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Fear TO
Venture Ont

"Do you know that every night
the Jewish quarter looks as if dead?
People are afraid to venture out into
the streets. Those returning home
after dark walk stealthily through
side streets. Do you know of the
nightly shootings? Of the house-to
house searches? Do you know that
there are streets in Warsaw where
chronic pogroms upon Jews are go
ing on day in and day out? Where
they are robbed and degraded?
Where they are dragged into SOL
diers' barracks to do forced and hu-
initiating labor? And they must
kiss the hands Of those who torture
them for the privilege of being re-
leased from such unjust detentioni
us the Minister President aware
that such horrible ghetto as that
which Warsaw has come to have,
such oppression, such uncertainty
Jews have not felt in generations?
Indeed, we must go back not gener-
atlons but centuries to find a paral-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Attack Follows
Appeal

Unto the home of tailor, Alter
Lltwak, soldiers came the other dav
and searched the house. They found
a pair of German pants which a
Christian named Muczkowski gave
him to make over for himself. The
tailor and his son were thereupon
arrested. At first Muczkowski. who
was called as a witness by the tailor
denied that he gave him the pants,
but upon seeing the soldiers beat the
Jew mercilessly Muczkowski con-
fessed. He was given the pants and
told to go home. AS a punishment
to the old Jew, however, it was de-
cided to give him thirty strokes with
a whip. After the punishment was
administered the man was unable to
raise himself. 1t soon became clear
that he was dying, but the Polish
soldiers refused TO let a physician ex.
anime him."
"KALISCH.-At noon on Wednes-
day, March ~, about 400 Com
munists among the workers en-
ployed in removing the debris in
this city marched down in a body
to the magistracy Getty HalD
Along the way they were joined by
one hundred Jewish workmen. and
together they sent delegation to
the President of the city asking
that he permit the issuance Of larger
portions of bread and that he re-
duce the price of meat. The Presi-
dent promised to grant the request
of the workers and the demonstra-
ton started back, each group carry
ing it's own banner.
Suddenly a military automobile
laden with soldiers appeared. The
Jewish group was separated from
the rest Of the workers and an at
tack begun upon the Jewish work
ers. The affair soon became an at
tack upon Jews -geuazally.- The 1eMs
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

threats. The large tobacco house of
Russin and the jewelry house Of
Feldman were looted. In the proc
ess of robbing many Jews were Sc
verely beaten, and, two were killed."
"BIELSK.-The Polish DICTIONARIES
entered this city February 16. They
Immediately started making reouisi-
tions. On the excuse that thew had
orders to confiscate all things made
by Germans, the DICTIONARIES robbed
every one and everything in sight.
Several Polish soldiers entered the
home of DR.. Kagan, president of the
Jewish community, and searched his
house. They found nothing and left.
"A little later another group of SOL
dlers came. One of them planted
revolver in the house, then started
to ask the doctor how he happened
to be in possession Of ammunition
The doctor demanded that the SOL
der go with him to the commandment
to make explanations. The soldier
replied that he was in sole authority.
and demanded that the doctor give
him money or he would be shot. DR..
Kagan surrendered to the soldier
several thousand marks which he
had in the house.
"The soldier and his companions
subsequently were arrested for this
robbery and confessed. They were
discharged, and DR.. Kagan never
got his money back.
There are arrests by the score
daily. Whoever does not lift his hat
to Polish soldier is beaten. Any
one appearing in the street after 8
o'clock is beaten by the military.
The Jewish population is extremely
poor, as the city had gone through
two severe fires recently, but it must
pay contribution of $4,000 marks
to the Polish military authorities.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
jewish Poland and Its Red Reign Of Terro

where these pogroms occurred, with
names of the killed and full details,
is already a matter of record. 1t
has been published in book form in
Copenhagen, under the title lies
Pogromes Anti-Juifs en- Galicie ct
en- Pologne en- Novembre ct De-
cembre, 1913" The compiler of the
book is l.. Chasanowitch.
Another book giving the complete
story of the Lemberg pogrom has
appeared in Vienna and was written
by M. Hickl. The title of this book
is "The Lemberg Jew Pogrom"
Israel Cohen, of the Zionist organi-
cation in London, has written a de-
tailed account of these pogroms
which appeared in "The London
Times" and other publications in
Europe and America.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Peasants
Loot Stores


"WIELUN.-Friday, March IA,
and Tuesday, March Is, pogroms
took place here. Stores were looted
by peasants and bands of unem-
ployed. The police and soldiers at
first made an attempt to check the
pogrom, but some one shouted that
Jews were shooting from the win
dows upon soldiers. This cooled the
ardor of the soldiers and the looters
were left alone. Three men were
severely wounded"
"BUSK.-On Wednesday, March
IL, peasants armed with clubs be-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

| followed by an all-day pogrom, in
which not a Jewish house was left
out. They robbed and pillaged to
the extent of 100000 rubles. The
soldiers invited the Christian popu-
Iation of the town to join them in
the pogrom and point out the houses
the Jews lived in. A few accepted
the invitation. They then divided
some of the loot with their Christian
guides.
I'm addition to the murder and
wholesale robbery other deeds of
brutality were committed by the
score. Men were dubbed without
provocation. One of the men ar
rested they could not recognize
whether he was Jew or Gentle, and
Polish officer then hit upon a trick.
He told this man to recite the
paternoster. The man began to say
the prayer, but was unable to finish
it. The Polish officers took this as
evidence that he was a Jew and
beat him soundly.
"Passersby were caught by the
Polish troops and beaten. One
young man named Sakheim was tied
to horse and was told to gallop
alongside the horse for ten versts.
Another boy was saved from murder
by his father giving two puds of
oats to Polish DICTIONARIES. The
rabbi of the city, who made a plea in
behalf of the Jews, was threatened
with death. In striking contrast to
the action Of the Polish priest of
Rozany, who would not lift a finger
to stop the pogrom, was the humane
action of the Polish doctors in the
city, who not only attended to the
wounded men but went into the
homes of those killed to care for
their PROSTATE wives and children.
"After the pogrom the Polish SOL
diers left the city of Rozany
and went to Pruzany. Now life in
Rozany is completely paralyzed. AS
soon as it gets dark people dare not
venture into the streets. The city's
commerce is at standstill, because
the Polish troops have taken every
thing out of the city.
"On the day that the six Jews
were murdered by the soldiers, one
Polish officer went into a jewellers
shop and ordered made six cockades
OF the kind used by the Bolshevil1
soldiers. This is an old trick used
by Polish officers. They keep these
cockades in case an investigation of
the murder should be made. Then
they will claim the men shot
4 were Bolsheviki, and as proof
they will point to these cockades
which they will assert they had taken
from the slain men,"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

and two Jews then went to the
Polish authorities and complained
Of the mistreatment of the citizens
by the military The commandment
replied that he had been informed
that secret wire had been found.
Instead, therefore, Of ordering the
soldiers to desist from terrorizing
the city, he eXacted a contribution
from it as, punitive measure. On
Tuesday, January %, Polish mill
tary were compelled to retreat. In
their rage they killed Jewish
carpenter who was on his way to
the synagogue
"ROZANY, PROV INCE OF
GRODNO.-After the Germans left
this place there remained only a
small detachment of sixty members
of the Red army in the city. The
Soviet Council ordered these troops
to proceed to Slonim. Wednesday
January 20, Polish volunteers sud-
denly made their appearance at Ro-
zany. Near the city these volun-
teers collided with the departing
Bolshevik troops and took number
of them prisoner. There were
three Jews among the Bolsheviki,
and these Immediately were exc
cuted.
"The soldiers then proceeded to
look over the city. 1t was early in
the morning, and the Jews, as is Gus
tomary in that part of the world,
were just then going to the syna-
gogue for their morning prayers.
The soldiers picked out thirteen Jews
and led them away to the rear of
the Polish Catholic Church. There
they told the Jews that they would
be shot as Bolshcviki. After beating
them almost into Inconsistencies
they ordered the thirteen men to I'M
dress. They insisted that the men
take off not only their suits, but
shoes and underwear. 1t was bit
ter cold day, but the men obeyed.
The Polish legionaries took their
clothes away and after permitting
three Of the men to escape they shot
the rest, six of them dying instantly
one being seriously wounded and
three escaping with slight wounds.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

OF the city closed their business and
went home, preparing for the worst.
1t came the next morning about 9
o'clock. At that hour an attack was
made by young boys upon the Jew
lsh meat markets. The butchers
gathered and dispersed the mob of
youngsters. A little later, however,
these youngsters came back, rein
forced by three hundred g'rown-ups
and started to plumber the Jewish
meat stores.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Bv Elias Tobenkkin

A CROWD OF men, young and
~ old, pressed into the
( "A rooms of the Joint Dis
tribution Committee Of
American Funds for Jewish War
Sufferers at Warsaw one day last
March
All were Jews, rabbis and bust
,ess men, Orthodox and radical. AS
7 entered l could read terror in
their ewes. The thing of which the
lew of Eastern Europe continually
lives in dread. they declared, had
come to pass-pogroms were rag
ing throughout Poland.
Border towns and towns in the
heart of Poland. they asserted. were
blazing with the old race hatred.
,Iews were being killed, wounded,
driven from their homes. These
men who thronged the committees
rooms were like children running
to their father for protection. And
the father in this case was America.
"Tell it to the people of Amer
ica," they urged DR.. Boris D. Bogen,
director of the committees activi-
ties in Warsaw. "Tell Wilson,"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01

gan to gather here. There was talk
OF starting a pogrom, and the Jew
lsh members of the council went to
the commlssary of the city to ask
him that he take some measures to
prevent disorder. The commissarv
said he saw no likelihood of disorder
breaking out and no reason for tax
ing steps, then left town.
AT 2 o'clock in the afternoon the
peasants started assaulting Jews.
They entered one store and looted it..
The other storekeepers meantime
closed their places. Thereupon
gangs appeared with axes and began
breaking into stores and robbing.
THE Christians, fearing that the
mob might not distinguish their
homes from the Jewish homes, put
icons and holy pictures in the win
COWS, and thus saved themselves.
After an hour of intensive looting
the militia managed to check the
disorders.
An interesting feature in con-
nection with this pogrom is the fol-
lowing: A few days after the DO
grom two deputies from the peasant
group in the Diet, Alfons Erdman
and Jan Szafranek, came to Busk.
At the request Of the Jewish mem
bers of the City Council these two
deputies made speeches. telling the
populace that pogroms are a blot
upon the honor of Poland. Several
Christians thereupon arose and said
the pogrom in Busk was not made
by Christians, but by Jews them
selves. dressed like peasants and
hooligans.
Such is the life of the Jew in the
provinces of Poland. What the lives
OF $4,000 Jews in the city of War
saw are like was told by the Jewish
editor of the Warsaw Yiddish dailv
Moment, in an open letter ad-
dressed to Prime Minister Moraczew-
SKI Just before the latter resigned in
/ favor of Paderewski. Conditions
nave not improved since the letter
was written. In this letter Editor
Nomberg says:
Does the Minister Premier know
that the Jewish population of War
saw is now living under conditions
which practically put it outside the
law? In time when all kinds of
freedoms are in the air the Jewish
people have lost the most elementary
rights Of men: the security of life
and property.
Il am purposely not going into
description Of conditions in the prov
lnces, in the small towns where the
agony of the murdered and the tor
tured cries to heaven, because YOU
have defended yourself recently by
saying that your government is too
weak, that you have not the power to
enforce all the laws everywhere.
But in Warsaw, in the capital of
Poland, where you have the means
TO suppress a conspiracy in few
hours, do you know what happens in
Warsaw?
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
An AII=Day
POgr0n1

"In the mean time another detach-
ment of Polish soldiers was arrest
ing Christian Bolsheviki, including
the leader Of the Bolshevik group in
the city. The Catholic priest inter
coded in behalf Of this leader and the
other Christian Bolsheviki, and the
Polish troops released them.
"The murder of the six Jews was
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Some of
The POgrOnS

The most important Of these
pogroms, with the number Of lives
lost, are as follows:
LEMBERG - Jews killed, 72;
wounded, 443; homeless, about
10000. In 494 cases of robbery
the robbers were soldiers led by
officers.
KlELCE-About 700 Jews wounded
in pogrom of several days dura-
ton. Scores of the wounded died.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Jewish fami-
lies were pillaged in course of po-
grom. Five dead and many
wounded.
Observation-Disclosures Jew
ish homes pillaged. One killed;
several wounded.
NISZOWlCE - Jewish homes pill
LACED.
CHRZANOW - Jewish homes pill
LACED. Two killed, many wounded.
BRZESKO-Homes pillaged; many
killed.
WODZlSLAW-Fifty Jewish fami-
lies pillaged in the night of No
vember 10. One Jew assassinated
Polish military took part in loot
ing after changing to civilian
clothes. The next day massacre
followed.
FOL YNlA-Jewish homes pillaged
on December II and 10. One
killed, IL wounded.
Herewith is a description of few
Of the pogroms that have taken place
in Poland since the Paderewski re-
gime came into power. The list was
supplied by the Jewish Zionist or
ganization of Warsaw in it's regular
bulletins to the press. These bulle-
tins go to every newspaper in
Poland. Not one Polish newspaper
printed them. Every one of the
pogroms described has been pro-
tested against in the Polish Diet by
the Jewish deputies. The bulletins
follow:
"VLADIMIR-VOLYNSK, Province
of Volhynia.-Polish troops in this
city had an encounter with the
Ukrainian troops of Petlura on
January 81. They were compelled
to retreat and in the wake of their
retreat they started a pogrom. They
began by robbing Jewish wine shops
and ended with taking everything
|. they could lay hands on. January
"a Polish troops returned and began
assaulting the Jews. This created
such panic that the Jews closed
their stores at l o'clock in the
afternoon.
'The Polish DICTIONARIES then
made house to house searches, rob-
bling. Several Jewish women were
assaulted by them. Officers accom-
panied and even led the soldiers in
their raids on Jews. Officers led a
raid on the hotel owned by Simche
Limonik. Limonik and his wife were
driven from their home and the
house was plundered of everything
in it, including furniture. The lead
ing citizens of the town, Iser Zeiten-
gold, S. M. Zukerman and Israel
Shulman, were then arrested and
1000 rubles was demanded from
each. They paid and were freed.
"a delegation Of two Christians
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-06-01
Fresh Stories
Come In

kilograms were coming in from
widely separated districts Of Poland,
each telling of fresh violence
against the Jews.
turned from the kilograms to the
Polish newspapers. Judging from
them, Poland was idyllic in it's
peace. There was not line to bear
out directly the tragic story that
the kilograms and the voices of the
frightened Jews told. The only
places in which the race was men
toned were the editorial page and
the funny columns. Here the Jews
were condemned or jeered at in the
same spirit-as enemies to Poland.
English and French papers, four
days old. just brought in by courier,
were equally barren of mention of
the pogroms. The Polish censorship
had seen to it that not a line con-
cernlng the outrages should reach
the outside world.
DR.. Bogen is an American educa-
tor and welfare worker of Jewish
birth and faith. This morning he
looked i'll.
You cannot exactly call it i'll
ness he said, but I am sick-sick
to the marrow of my bones. For
fifty years / was man. Ny faith,
or race, was Of little importance to
the world at large-and to me, too.
s1nce my arrival here my status as
human being has undergone
complete change. Here I am pri-
marily Jew-with all that it i'm
plies in Poland"
The sun., 1919-07-06

them high in ihe square OF the Seras-
kerat, clad in their Turco- German uni
forms
1t was still born. owing to treachery.
The police guards were suddenly quad
rupled, a few Turkish officers were ar
rested, a few machine guns were placed
so as to command the Greek cathedral,
a couple Of aged Senators were exc
cuted on the specious plea OF having
intrigued for revolution hostile to
the Government" and life went on as
before-upon the surface.
What Went On below the Surface.
But as escaping prisoners we die
not live upon the surface. We were in
touch with many OF the seditious ele-
mont. and It was our privilege to see
below the surface.
Capt. Yeats-Brown will always re-
member a night In a cafe. The talk
was becoming wild as the anak bottle
passed. when there entered n detective
known to everybody. even to the dis
tinguished British officer who was the
youngest initiate in "crime" present.
And without whisper or a wink the
talk swung easily and naturally from
the rankest sedition to the most harm
less commonplace.
We will cruelty the Young Turks,
The sun., 1919-07-06

who might have given trouble were
no longer sent to the fighting front
because, like many others, they would
have found refuge in the British lines
They did routine duties behind the
front. while the Turks levied black
mail by keeping them separate from
their families, with the intimation
that the lives OF relatives or friends
would pay for a breach OF loyalty.
When l was a prisoner at Damascus
Arab officers often stole into my room
when the Turkish commandant was
absent, and spoke OF their hatred OF
the Turks and their longing for the
British to advance.
And in Constantlnople Enver Pasha,
the pseudo Napoleonic War Minister,
who was tho most prominent man in
the rotting empire, and Talnat Pasha,
the scheming Grand Vizier, who was
once a telegraphist at Adrianople.
were dreaming of a greater Turkey,
that was to include the Martha Basin
and all the southern DQbrudja. the
Crtmean peninsula and the whole of
the Caucasus.
In the capital found conditions
were rather better than IN Anatolia.
But for forced loans many Greeks and
Armenians remained untouched II
they left politics alone. There was
The sun., 1919-07-06

obedient misery in the army for one Of
lawless misery as brlgands.
Hundreds of thousands deserted from
the army, and of these scores OF thou
sands took to the mountains and wild
places of Asia Minor. there to become
robbers. Travelling on foot. on horse
back or on donkey-ba across Ana
tolia was unsafe in the highest degree.
In every fastness one would he certain
to meet a band OF armed ruftians, des-
titute and utterly merciless, who would
cheerfully kill for tho sake OF a pair OF
boots or shirt.
More than a few German soldiers
who had walked q mile or two from
the beaten track were killed by brig
ands. Many OF the gendarmes sent
to deal with the robber bands were
found dead, with their heads battered
in. Many others were hand and glove
with them and gave Information of
possible plumber. Sometimes a gang
would descend on a village. kill a few
Inhabitants as a warning to the others,
and proceed to steal everything worth
the stealing before they retired.
Three friends OF mine, British Off.
GERS. once escaped from Afiion- Kara
Hissar. in the centre OF Asia Minor,
with the intention OF travelling south
ward TO the coast During the day