davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24
RECEIVING THE PALLIUM.

Next Tuesday morning St. Paul
will witness a ceremony rarely
seen i'll this part of the country.
The splendid Cathedral will behold
for the first time the scene Of the
investiture of an Archbishop with
the sacred Pallium. On that occa-
sion Most Reverend Austin Dow
ling, D. d., Archbishop of ST. Paul,
will have bestowed upon him the
plenitude Of the episcopal office.
With the reception of this symbol
of authority the new metropolitan
of st. Paul will be entitled to exer-
else all the rights and privileges
that belong to the exalted position
which has been assigned to him.
The Pallium possesses a real
significance in the Catholic
Church. 1t is an indication that
the recipient has come into init
mate contact with the source of
all ecclesiastical authority in the
Church, and that he has drawn
therefrom the fulness Of power
which belongs to the episcopal dig
nifty. In virtue Of the oath of
fealty, which the new Archbishop
makes Oh that occasion to the
Apostolic See, he is given the right
to exercise the highest preroga-
tives and the fulness of jurisdic-
ton over the flock entrusted to
his care. In the exercise of this
authority he is responsible only
to the Holy See or to its especially
appointed representative.
The Pallium, therefore, is a dis
tinct concession OH the part Of the
Supreme Pontiff to one Of the sue
cessors of the original apostles.
For that reason the comforting of
this symbol Of authority becomes
a most important act and an occa-
sion Of the highest significance for
clergy and people.
1t is, therefore, expected that
next Tuesday morning the great
cathedral in st. Paul will be filled
to overlooking, even as it was re-
Gently on the occasion Of the in
stallation Of the Most Reverend
Archbishop.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24
IRELAND PERSISTENT.

1t is an old saying that. very
often there is a skeleton at the
feast. Not infrequently the most
joyous and the most momentous
occasions are spoiled by the pres
ence of an mwelcome guest.
The otherwise peaceful meeting
IS not rarely thrown into turmoil
by the forced recurrence of a
problem that will not down.
Thus it happens that, when the
great powers assembled in Paris
were setting themselves to the
task Of mapping out a program
that would ensure peace through
out the earth, Great Britain was
embarrassed by the century-old
cry Of justice for Ireland. Per-
haps no other cause has been so
persistently brought to the front
as has the question Of the liberty
Of Ireland. Even now while the
most powerful nations on earth
are drawing up sacred covenant
that will establish peace among
all peoples, Ireland is clamoring
louder than ever that her cause
be heard. Apparently up to the
present this cry has made but
slight impression upon those who
heard it and who have it in their
power to redress grieyous
wrong.
1t matters little where the blame
be placed: upon England, Mr.. Will
son, or the peace conference as a
whole. The fact remains that if
the cause Of Ireland and the jus
tice that is due her be ignored,
that one ease alone will be quite
sufficient to cast suspicion upon
the whole vast program that has
been arranged in Paris.
In the case of Belgium and OF
Poland mingled sentiments of jus.
tice and Of sympathy were appar-
ent, and well it was so; in the
case of Ireland sympathy is with.
held and plain, ordinary justice
is denied. When a whole array
OF southern states in this country
demanded the right to maintain
slavery, they were told that the
voice of the majority must pre-
vail; and slavery was abolished
In practically every human ques
ton the voice Of the majority is
needed and is quickly transformed
into the law of the land.
The history Of the treatment Of
the Irish question shows the great
est trayesty of justice and Of ordi
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24
SOUTH AMERICAN HISTORY
ENGLISH HISTORY is DROPPED
AS STUDY AT NOTRE DAME.

Study Of South American history
will be made compulsory for all stu
dents Of the College Of Arts and Let
ters Of Notre Dame University, be-
ginning next September according to
an announcement made recently by
the Rev. Mathew Schumacher, project
of studies. The subject is substituted
for English history course in which
has until lately been required of all
Arts and Letters students at the uni
versity.
Heretofore the course in South
American history has been required
only of students in foreign commerce.
The wide interest in Latin America
and the frequent Misrepresentation
of the Church there have determined
this action of the faculty. Notre
Dame is the first school in the coun-
try to take this step.
The South American library, re-
Gently donated to the university by
the Very Rev. J. A. Zahm, former
Provincial of the Congregation of the
Holy Cross, is the most complete col
lection Of its kind in the country.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24
100000 SEEK LAND
SOLDIERS AND SAILORS TAKING
ADVANTAGE OF GOVERN
MENT OFFER.

With applications already received
from more than 100000 soldiers and
sailors for homesteads, when dis
charged from military service, Secre-
tary Lane and his advisers are revis-
ing the program originally presented
to Congress to care for the increased
demands. More than five hundred in
quiries come daily.
It was said that the first estimate OF
500 100000 for establishing dis,
charged service men on Stacker
lands, probably would have to be
greatly increased, perhaps to $780,
100000. Secretary Lanes plan would
not merely start man as a farmer
or cattle producer, but would ''see him
through" by assistance until he could
begin repayments. Money required tC
finance the projects would eventually
return with interest at per cent
after having established thousands oil
men in community centers on land.
now unused,
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24
CATHOLIC SOCIAL WORKERS

On several occasions we have
referred editorially to the neces-
sity Of providing Catholic social
workers in our large centers Of
population i'll order that as Cath
olics we may worthily fill the role
that is assigned to us. One Of the
effects of the great struggle
through which the world has just
passed is to call attention to the
needs Of the so-callcd submerged
classes.
In this country the government
has put forth every effort in order
to extend the benefits Of material
hel p and social advantages to
those classes of people who hith-
erto seem to have been neglected.
The National Catholic War Coun-
ell called into being by the Arch
bishops of this country has in this
case, as on every other occasion,
decided to cooperate i'll every pos
sible way with the government.
With this object in view the Coun-
Gil has established a number of
centers throughout the country in
order to bring the advantages of
social life to the poor, the outcast,
and to the many groups Of our
foreign population.
AS soon as the call for workers
went forth many earnest persons
at once offered their services. A
casual investigation, however,
soon disclosed the fact that very
few had been trained along the
lines of social work. Some of the
best leaders in this work in the
whole country are Catholics, it is
true; but it was soon apparent
that our people as a whole had not
given this matter sufficient con
sideration in the past.
In every large city there are
certain districts peopled almost
exclusively by foreigners. Very
often these people are members of
our own Church. Instead Of tax
ing the kindly interest in them
that we, both as Catholics and as
Americans should take, we have
to a great extent ostracized them
Left to themselves, overlooked by
their fellow-citizens, ignored by
their co-religionists, it is little
wonder that these people frequent
ly fall a prey to sectarian organi-
cations that are ever on the alert
for new proselytes, The result has
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24

nary common sense the world has
ever seen. A small proportion of
one province out of four is able
to withstand the mighty chorus
that rises in every other part of
Ireland. The real fact is that it
is simply Il case of Catholic Ire
land and Protestant England: the
handful of Obstetrics represents
no power; they are but the pre-
text used by England to deny
common justice to a large body
of her best subjects. 1t is not only
injustice of the most fragrant kind
on the part of England to refuse
to Ireland her natural rights but,
from the political and economic
standpoint, it is, perhaps, the most
conspicuous example Of dense stu
pidity ever furnished by a great
ruling power. 1t makes it difficult
for mere outsider to understand
just what England means when
she speaks SO frequently Of the
British spirit of fair play That
expression has come to be a ma
tional maxim. If that be an eX-
ample of fair play, then it would
be interesting to the rest Of the
world to see just what England
would do were she for moment
to lay aside this cherished spirit.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24
WILL CHECK INSANITY.

Dr. Horatio NJ. Pollock, statistican
of the New York State Hospital Com
mission, which controls the state in
sane asylums, says that he is firmly
convinced that nationwide prohibition
viii have a marked effect on check
ing the rapid increase in insanity in
this country.
i estimate that with this state
dry" he said, the number of adj
missions to insane asylums will be
reduced by at least 10 per cent. OF
the total number of men in insane
aSylumS, 20 per cent were sent there
by alcohol, either directly or indi-
rectly, and per cent of the women.
Drugs cause less than ] per cent of the
cases of insanity
Figures which DR.. Pollock recently
compiled show that throughout the
country the average number of people
in insane aSylumS in 1917 was 227
in every 100000 of population. The
states above that average number
seventeen and of that number only
four are dry, showing that the states
having the highest percentage of in
sanity are those where Intoxicating
drinks are still permitted. The four
dry states referred to are Iowa. Ore
Son, Michigan and Montana, all of
which only recently went for prohibit
ton, the latter two after the insane
census was taken. Of the thirty-onc
states having below the average of
insane all are dry but nine and four
Of these nine wet states are within
few of the average. They are Penn
sylvania, 226; Delaware, 22J; Ne
vada, 224, and Missouri, 219.
The states having over 800 for every
100000 OF population in 1917 are all
wet. They are California, 325: Con-
necticut, 1893: Massachusetts, 376 New
York, 367; Vermont, 304. and Wis
consin, 367. DR. Pollock said that these
high figures might be due in part to
larger institutional provisions, but not
wholly SO.
The rate of insanity in Maine. the
oldest dry state, is 1872 per 100000,
which is considerably less than i'm any
other New England state, all of which
are wet. Maine went dry by statutory
provision in 1851 and by constitutional
amendment in 1911. The rate in
Kansas, the second longest dry stnta.
having voted prohibition in 1880, il;
III. This rate is also lower than any
of the surrounding states, Iowa nav
ing 28G, Missouri, PIG: Indiana, 2lf;
Minnesota, 255, and Wisconsin, 3J3.
DR.. Pollock believes that this is con.
elusive evidence that prohibition has
the effect of decreasing insanity. lie
practically alike. any state that has
hocn dry any number of years has less
insanity than its surrounding states.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24
YOUR EASTER DUTY.

The time prescribed for the
Easter duty is fast drawing to a
close. Trinity Sunday, June Is,
marks the end of the season set
aside by the Church for the per
Torrance of this obligation.
AS writer reminds us. one of
the Oldest regulations in the
Christian Church is the precept
ordering the Easter Communion
In the first days Of the Church
Communion was received very fire.
quently, daily by many Of the
faithful. Towards the sixth cen
fury the people grew cold and the
Council Of Agde, held in 500, de-
creed that those Of the laity who
would not receive Holy Com
munion at Christmas, Easter and
Pentecost ceased to be Catholics
This decree was accepted as the
law of the entire Western Church
In the year 1915 the Fourth
General Council Of Lateran recog-
nized that the Christians were be-
coming more indifferent to their
Eucharistic Lord. With pain and
regret they were forced to decree
that Christians should be strictly
bound to Communion at least once
a year. They ordained that this
Communion should be received at
Easter. The Church went to the
limit of condescension. That her
children might appreciate the Sc
robustness of her law the council
ordained that anyone who would
presume to remain away from
Communion at Easter should not
be permitted to enter a church
and should they die in that con-
dition they would be refused
Christian burial. That the law
may not appear too harsh the
Church, in her maternal solici-
tude, has extended the time and
i'll our day the Easter Communion
may be received by the faithful
on any day beginning with the
fourth Sunday of Lent and ending
on Trinity Sunday.
1t makes one shudder to think
that the Church has been forced
to urge her children to receive
Holy Communion under the pain
of accommodation. More terri
bic still is the thought that there
are millions who will refuse to
comply with this mandate Of the
Church. 1t makes one wonder
that God is so patient and we ask
how long God will bear with such
infringements Of His law.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24

been in almost every case that
these foreigners have conceived a
resentment towards Americans,
and have lapsed into state of
utter Indifference with regard to
their religious practices.
Now, these deplorable condi-
tlons easily could be remedied if
our Catholic people gave more
attention to the work Of social up
lift. AS Catholics we were the
first in the field, since the middle
ages with their guilds, and their
monastic establishments first gave
the impetus and first achieved the
greatest triumphs in the world of
social endeavor. What we need,
therefore, is Catholic men and
women thoroughly trained along
the lines of social work and well
versed in the needs of these for
eigners who have settled in our
midst.
America is a great mother. She
has always endeavOred in a gen
eral way to sooth the sorrows Of
the doWntrodden who come to her
from embittcred lands. The Cath
Ollie Church has sent her choicest
sons and daughters to the farther
most lands of the earth in order
to bring into the one true fold the
pagan and the idolater.
While extending our hands and
our sympathy beyond oceans and
continents and into the jungles of
benighted lands, let us not forget
the strangers already within our
gates. During the past century
both Church and State have been
guilty to a great extent Of negli-
gence in this regard. Today a
new spirit is abroad, and new Ell
thusiasm has been aroused, and it
will be a lasting shame if the
Church in this country does not
contribute her full share towards
her foreign children by maintain
ing the high standard of their
Catholicity, and thus ensuring
their devoted patriotism towards
their new home.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24
ALUMNAE MEETING
DELEGATES FROM MINNESOTA
COLLEGES WILL ATTEND IN
TERNATIONAL GRAFTON
GATHERING IN ST. LOUIS NEXT
WEEK.

Three young women will be sent
from the Twin Cities as delegates for
Minnesota to the third biennial con-
vention of the International Fedora
ton of Catholic Alumnae, which will
be held in Hotel Statler, st. Louis,
Mo, from May % to June 3, inclusive
The group includes: Mrs. Carleton
F. McNally of st. Paul, representing
st. JOseph's Academy Alumnae AS
ISOLATION; Miss Josephine Sklusacek
OF St. Paul, St. Benedict's Academy
Alumnae, st. Joseph, Mimi, and Miss
Lillian E. Taaffe, Minneapolis, repre-
senting st. Margaret's Academy Alum
nae Association. The young women
will be joined by Miss Elizabeth
Burke, daughter of the late Andrew
II. Burke, former governor Of North
Dakota, Alumnae Of Visitation Con
vent, st. Paul, who is now making her
home in Washington, D. c.
On Sunday, June /, Pontifcal High
Mass will be sung by Archbishop
Glennon in the New Cathedral, st.
Louis, and he will also deliver an al
dress to the women. The faculty Of
Loretto College has extended an invi
tation to luncheon at the college after
Mass, to international officers, gov
errors, delegates, alternates and Wis
itors to the conference
Receptions to visitors have been ar
ranged for Sunday afternoon at the
various convent schools in st. Louis
and envirOns. Automobile trips will
be taken to the converts of the ViSi-
tation Nuns, Sisters of st. Joseph of
Carondelet, Religious of the Sacred
Heart, Sisters of the Precious Blood
and Ursuline Nuns.
Organized in 1914 under the hon
orary presidency of Cardinal Gibbons
and endorsed by the hierarchy and
clergy Of the United States, the in
ternational federation now stands in
the forefront of Catholic educational
organizations of the country
Through the medium Of association
and unified endeavor and by wide
spread power of Christian charity and
culture, it seeks to advance the cause
OF religion and education and thus be-
come dominant power for good in
a reconstructed world today.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24
DOMAIN OF TEMPERANCE
PERSONAL LIBERTY.

Those who are inclined to complain
on the score of infringement of per-
sonal liberty, would do we'll to forget
that phase of the subject and to re-
member what prohibition is going to
mean in hundreds of thousands of
homes. TO be sure that growing boys
and young men are henceforth to be
practically free from the dangers Of the
drink evil, is great gain for society.
The economic benefit that will accrue
to homes and to communities as a
whole will be almost beyond computa-
ton. We are not dealing with ques-
ton that is now open to argument but
are referring to one that was settled
last month, so that any further dis
cussion becomes academic Those who
do not like the idea of prohibition
must accept the inevitable; yet we are
inclined to think that they will change
their minds when they see the good
that will surely follow the closing of
saloons and bars. The capital and
energy that have gone into the MAX
ing of intoXicants will find ample op-
portunity in various other fields. The
prohibition wave has been advancing
in this country for number of years.
so that everybody connected with the
business of distilling and brewing, and
with the retail liquor trade, has had
ample warning and long opportunity
to prepare for decision that is not
destined to be reconsidered. In no
small measure, getting rid of alcoholic
beverages and the habits they engen-
der, is like eliminating certain forms
of prevalent disease. 1t is sanitary
progress, physically and morally This
is the tirst-and perhaps most notable
OF the social reconstruction meas
ures that are to better the world in
the postwar era.
-ReDisW ofRepieWS.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24
FATHER BALANGERO
CINCINNATI ITALIAN PRIEST.
SCHOLAR DEAD.

Rev. John B. Balangero, pastor OF
Sacred Heart Church Gtalian), Gin
cinnati, died May 8. He had been i'll
for some time.
Father Balangero was 70 years OF
age. He was born in Turin, Italy, and
studied at the National College at
Genoa. After his ordination, he en-
tered the missionary fields in Aus
tralia, and later in Ceylon. For the
services he rendered Italy. he was
knighted. In 1903 he came to Ameri-
ca, and was made pastor of Sacred
Heart Church.
several books. One of them, on Aus
tralia and Ceylon, was used in many
Italian colleges.
The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, 1919-05-24
HISTORY OF THE PALLIUM

the supreme shepherd of Christen-
dom, and worn by Archbishops it typ
ifies their sharing in the supreme pas
toral power of the Pope who grants
authority to them for the ruling or
their flocks.
Origin of PalIum.
10 the question, how did such a
Yestment as the Pallium originate,
many different answers are given.
The true answer may we'll be that it
was introduced as sign and symbol
of the Papal office and the Papal DOW
er to be worn by the Holy Father at
liturSical functions, and that when
conferred on Archbishops it was a
mark of their union with the Apostle
lie See. At the present time it sig
nifies not only the union of the Arch
bishops with the Holy See, but also
their sharing in the supreme author
ity of the Pope as the Shepherd of
Christendom. The Pallium is veneer
able, for its age stretches back over
fifteen hundred years to the fourth
century, the first notice of it's use be-
ing found in the account of the life of
Pope Marcus (who died 1850 who
granted the right of wearing it to the
Bishop of Ostia. In many references
of the fifth and sixth centuries, the
Pallium is mentioned as a long Gus
tomary vestment, but it's use among
Archbishops did not become general
until the ninth century, when an obi
cation was laid upon them to forward
to the Holy See a petition for the
Pallium, accompanied by a solemn
profession of faith,
There is a decided difference be-
tween the form of the modern Pal
lium and that in use in early Christian
times. The Pallium of the sixth cen
| fury was a long, fairly wide, white
band, ornamented at the end with a
black or red cross and finished off
with tassels; it was draped around
the neck, shoulders and breast in
such d way that it formed a V in
front, with the ends hanging down
from the left shoulder. In the eighth
century it became customary to faSten
the ends with pins, one in the middle
of the breast and the other in the mid
die of the back, the Pallium thus be-
coming Y-shaped. The present cir
cular form Of the Pallium originated
i'll the tenth or eleventh century.
The chief points to be remembered
about the Pallium are these: that it is
a vestment worn by the Pope and
Archbishops, whose use dates back to
the fourth century; that in appear.
ance it is a circular band of white
wool worn outside the chasuble and
over the neck and shoulders so that
its two pendants hang down, one in
front and one behind; finally. that it
is a sign and symbol of the authority
of its Wearer as the shepherd of his
flock.
An Archbishop cannot wear his
Pallium outside of his own province,
and if translated to another See he
must beg for another Pallium. The
Pallium is buried with the prelate
upon whom it was conferred.