davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15
Overcoming the DsreputabIe Body-Liee and Other !nsect ScoWges Which Endanger fhe Health
 of Our Soldiers - De-Iousinq
Copyright, 1918, The International Syndicate.


 the most dreaded enemy of the sol diers.
 Body lice, the medical officers say, constituted the scourge of the present war. just as the fly was a menace in the Spanish-American war. And like inc fly. the lousc is q very important factor in transmitting disease Not only that, it's presence on the body is q constant irritation to skin and spirits, causing loss of.sleep, weakened vitality, and usually subsequent infection. In asmuch as the pest gained a very re- markable prominence in this war, and has hitherto given only limited bother and trouble. to humanity, medical men had really had only g limited expert ence with the question of it's eradica ton.
 ] How Cootics Get In Tho Trenches i The German armies found the louse q very live subject shortly after the war began and their journals are full 1 of papers purporting to instruct in methods of controlling the pest. The i ice, al first, were more serious in the Eastern theatre of war than in the l trenches of the Western front; this was probably due to the congestion of ! population among the Slavic peoples. ! The Germans had first to combat them among their Russian prisoners, finding the French almost completely free ! But by mixing prisoners and the habit among them of exchanging souvenirs i especially shoulder straps, under which the lice clung in masses the 1'ermin became generally distributed German and Austrian prisoners taken by the French and British were care
 fully isolated for inspection after cap ] ture, but not before reports showed
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15
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hitting them to others. Troops are re- turning in increasing numbers from France where louse borne diseases arc very prevalent, and in many instances these men leave the other side from lousc-infcsted ports of embarkation.
 It is therefore very desirable the in spection in this regard he very rigid and that special officers be detailed to supervise the louse inspections. This $ all the more apparent when it Is remembered that some British author ities claim that the louse infeCtation i in the British Army was started by new recruits who came from vermin- GUS slums and that owing to the crowded condition of the men, the 1 infestation rapidly spread from man to man to such extent that now it is : impossible to rid the ranks of these pests.
 ! Delousing consists of destroying the ice themselves. their eggs and the virus concerned in transmitting the disease. Heat is applied to clothing hy the aid of steam boilers or immer sion in boiling water. Nermicides are in use as means of fumgation.
 It seems that the lice are very sus ceptible to warmth. In Mexico, if k said, that the louse-!nfested peasant! 5n Mexico City, which is situated 1T the mountains and is consequent! cool, often come down 10 Vera Cruz where it is warm. in order to get ric
 of their lice. Another fact that illus
 uates that heat is an effective enem,
 to the lice is the knowledge contri
 buted by the Germans gained througl the practice of fumigating the railwa
 carriages which transported the Rus
 sian prisoners over the German Stat
 Railways, because these cars wer
 especially badly infested. A large fro cylinder was constructed into which
 railway carriage could be run. Tn fcylinder was hermetically sealed, th air exhausted, and the content
 warmed by steam pipes. The lice i the upholstery of the cars, it wa
 found, could survive exposures to pal : tiaI vacuum. but the heat killed then Some Facts About Their Habits
 Under the observant eyes of til
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15


 preserve order. This was done in view of revolutionary conditions.
 Already other troops are locating in small towns but for the present Cologne, Coblenz and Mainz are their objective points. So far the occupa- tion has been remarkably pacific and with the exception of the requisition of public buildings. some coal and for age, partial use of the railways and telephones and the billeting of officers with civilian families, the private life of the Germans has not been affected in the slightest degree.
 The men are forbidden to frater- nize with the civilianssapd there seems 10 have been no effort on their part to welcome the Americans. They are merely submitting to military disci- pIine as they have always done. At present the restrictfpns are very light, but if anything should occur where drastic or stringent, measures are need ed our soldiers are prepared to care for the emergency. '-s.-t 'F@ The financial men of Germany well know of the vast indemnity which will | DG dShGt OL llIdL IttHu anu they dI t | anxious 10 preserve the industries ot these Rhine cities from the Bolshevik mob and they know that it can best be done by the policing of the Allies.
 The Rhine valley is one of the rich est in all Europe and it's wines arc known throughout the world. While the Germans have waged war and laiG waste other lands this beautiful valley still remains untouched and they art taking no chances of rioting.
 Now that Germany is beaten hel better classes, such as officials, etc., art on their good behavior expecting tc curry favor with America and wher the Army of Occupation entered eacl city they found everything in perfec condition, even to fresh hay in thu stables for the horses. From the con
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15

country's foremost entomologists the innermost secrets of the 'tcootie" fam fly are being discovered. The so- called crab-Iouse type is the harmless type; it is not transmitter of disease but if is very annoying, and it's pres ence is a great reflection on a mans cleanliness. l The body louse that depends on hu man blood for sustenance is called the clothes I0use. It is a dirty gray color and lives in mans clothing, both inner and outer. These lice lay their i eggs in the hair. In Serbia and Bul- garia, prisoners were found with nit5
 in their eyebrows,
 Under proper conditions of moisture and temperature it takes from 1 to l S days for eggs to mature. A single ! female louse can lay from 275 to 30a
 eggs in 20 to 30 days. The average , length of life of 3 male louse is 30 days. and of female louse 3S days, Such facts as these and a multiple ity of others in connection with the
 habits of the pests and their methods
 of transmitting disease have been in
 corporated in circular bulletin sent
 out from the Office of the Surgeon
 General for the information of depart
 ment surgeons, surgeons of Forces in
 France, and all other classes of off cers having authority at special camps.
 base hospitals, Independent posts and ports of embarkation.
 Indeed, the entire study of the rela-
 ton between disease and insects is
 receiving a vast amount of serious at tention. The present war demands
 that all the brains of Americas great
 est men in all different lines be mobil- ized to combat the enemies of trench , life, be they gas attacks, air raids, or :, noxious insects; the medical entomolo- . gists, therefore, are busy supplying the war authorities with the fruits of
 their experiments in their line. The : fly that is responsible for the spread of the dread Asiatic cholera, and the | mosquito that carries yellow fever, as . well as the body louse, are coming in
 for their share of interest, whereNef l. this interest will work towards the
 safeguarding of the health of the e American soldier.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15
age their introduction.
 Instructing The Men To Avoid Them

lnstruCting Inc Men 10 AToid Ihem
 One of the first problems was to in struct the men in the camps here how to care for themselves so as to pre-
 vent the spread of body lice. The In struction Laboratory of the Army Med icaI Museum, which is the movie" producing firm of the medical depart for exhibition to the men in the camps,
 prepared moving picture of the
 "cootie" to be exhibited at the. differ ent camps so that the men were in structed in the habits of the little crea- lures and the means of eradicating them.
 Entomologists of.the Department of Agriculture have formed a class for the study of medical entomology, that is, the consideration of the great mass of information concerning insects which are bearers of disease, and it is the aim of the members of this class to aid the sanitarians of the medical ! department of the Army in freeing the army and marine camps of this coun- | try from insect pests such as "cooties, ' ! flies, mosquitoes and any others that 1 are disturbing elements.
 | Present plans consist of erecting
 large disinfecting stations where off
 cers have charge of treating the skin
 hair and clothing of the men to relieve them of both the possibility of having | the pests on their bodies and trans
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15

mates every photograph of the city was begun in the ninth century, but was burned in l248, after which the present building is said to have been modelled after the one at Amiens which the Germans destroyed during the = present war. Perhaps it was not to their liking to have these comparisons made and the war lord determined that Amiens must no longer exist. The architect was Master Gerhard, who as the legend runs. bet with the devil that the great church would be 1n- sh ed before his death. AS time went on the bet was forgotten and the great walls continued to rise. At last It was seen that the great architect had spells of melancholy and the work be- came slower and he finally committed suicide by jumping from the scaffold- ing of the church.
 The legend relates that he saw the canal about the Cathedral filled with
 ducks, which the devil hadpromised him as a sign that death was near After the sad end of the master builder the great edifice remained untouched for six centuries, the people believing that Master Orchards ghost haunted the s- place. Finally, early in the nineteentl1e Y century the rebuilding was taken up and the structure completed. A minute description of the structure here | is impossible, but suffice it to say that the United States soldier who is fond of architecture will find in this great
 Cathedral a never ending joy which, people from all parts of the world have fo old stained
 glass windows are treasures in theH7
 selves to say nothing of the museum, attached to the church. sa.es5t
 There are many interesting churchesl and public buildings, many containings gs paintings by old masters. The HeehF. Strasse in the old town is the principal
 street, but it is very narrow and therA is little auto or horse traffic. Thar newer part of the city is known as tlfe9 Ringstrasse, it is built around the 4olds ttown and filled with beautiful homess
 There is Geological Garden flleds with well kept animals and Botanical Garden where prize roses are grown.
 Cologne is the home of the cefsS
 brated Eau du Cologne, the recipe of which is said to have been brought;
 there in 1890. There are fine hotels
 and theatres-in fact the great city off
 the Rhine is as up-to-date as any,siHs the world.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15

from time to time by fire and rebuilt. It is a Romanesque building with six gothic towers the highest of which rises to 270 feet. The eleventh cen- tury bronze doors still remain which are wonderful in their artistic beauty. The edifice is much revered owing to the fact that Boniface, the first Arch bishop of Mainz, is buried under the altar Mainz is a seat of learning as 1 there are two Gymnasia, school for priests and other educational instiu- 1 tions of eminence. Nearly half the 1 population are Roman Catholics. There is also a large number of Jews.
 So far the residents of Mainz seem so pleased that the war is over that they received our boys in an anything for-peace fashion and before they are there long they will probably be glad 10 exchange them for their own die tatorial soldiers.
 Cologne
 Cologne. where our officers went first, is the largest and most beautiful of the Rhinish towns of Prussia and is one of the most important in Ger many. It contains few hundred less than half a million inhabitants, five sixths of the number being Roman Catholics It is a fortress of the first rank and all sorts of predictions were
 made by Americans of things to be found when the Germans were pushed back to the Rhine, but when the great drive of the Allies began the Germans knew the end had come and deserted by their emperor. who had dragged them into the bloodiest war ever known they gave up and actually invited the Allies to police their country for them Cologne is a most imposing city when viewed from across the river, but the old part with it's narrow streets is dark and gloomy.
 Its great Cathedral is the attraction
 and there are few Americans who have ever visited Europe who have not wan
 dered about the great edifice, for it i! regarded as the finest gothic structur,
 in the world. It is dedicated to St Peter. Cologne dates back to the earl,
 centuries when it was Roman colon,
 founded A. D., 51, by the Empero, T Claudius to please his wife Agrippina
 1t has large and varied history ant ! finally came under Prussian rule il
 1915. The city grew and soon becam,
 one of Germany's great commercia
 centers. s
 II The great Cathedral which dom
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15


 M lover there" one is the army WD Of heroes who have vanquished lac. Bochc; the other army Is return lag on the back of these heroes, unwelr tome but nevertheless present and Ubiquitous, This second army is the i-my of cootics that the boys have collected from the trenches of Europe.
 Both armies arc to be demobilized- iac cootie army before the soldier Frmy. Delousing stations have been Instituted at all camps and at many If the ports of debarkation. Here he best experts of the Medical Corps t,ill eXpend their efforts to send the Ifeacherous little pests-not back to Civilian life-but to utter oblivion, so lhat they cannot carry on their ne tarious work of transmitting disease.
 In these cleansing depots the men will be secured and disinfected and their clothes will be put through a process of disinfecttns that will cX- terminate the existence of all thc rooties that have found comfortable living quarters in the seams of the toIdier uniforms.
 Thus, the dangerous diseases that the cooties carry with them--and which cause them to be such danger. ous companions-will be "nipped in The bud" and the possibility of these diseases being spread to this country as the boys make their way to their homes in north, south, east and west rendered positively nil.
 "Cooties" is the general name by which lice are popularly known in the trenches; but this doesn't signify by any, means, that these little pests arc popular. On the other hand. they are
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15

MA c ONE WHO has ever made the NHE Rhine trip from Cologne to
 Main& can forget the beautiful V h scenery along its picturesque banHs The hills which skirt the en- tire distance are filled with rich vine yards from he grapes Of which come Lhe famous Rhine wines. The castles which dot it's high places are associ- ated win the most interesting and weird legends and the rocks which project their faces into the stream and the islands fairly bristle with tales of mystery and fancy, so that everywhere and at every spot one finds something to. attract the eye and delight the inn aginaiion. It is among these historic and legendary surroundings that our Yankee boys will camp to do duty while Germany pays the price for rushing the world into war, and it may not be bad guess that many of our gallant sons will police the country where their forefathers once lived, but with no less love and loyalty for the stars and stripes and no less loath- ing for Prussian miitarism. That an cest or who left to escape the iron hand of Prussian tyranny and to breathe the glorious air of America will not have cause to be ashamed at his posterity Tn upholding on Prussian soil the prin- ciples of right and justice.
 Army Of Occupation
 It was not thought that the Army of occupation would take charge so early but only week or two after the sign ing sof the armistice several officers of the United States Army entered Co., logne to make preparations for the coming of the men and a few days later at the written request of the Burgomaster about one thousand of our men entered Coblenz the capitol of the Prussian Rhine province tc place the city under martial law and
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15

@ WO ARMIES are returning, & aboard crowded transports, from A lover there" One is the army W0 Of heroes who have VanquiShed
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15

EM c ONE WHO has ever made the HE Rhine trip from Cologne to
 MainH can forget the beautiful G A scenery along it's picturesque
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-01-15
An Intimate Sketch of inc Rhine Cities Being PoHced
 By Our Boys-CobIenz, Cologne and Mainz

Coryright, 1918 IAe International Syndicate.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-08-03
\. {. |. HAS NOW
CENTER Of STAGE;
UNCLE SAM VERY
BUSY ON PROBLEM
Government May Throw On
Market All War Department
Surplus FoodStuffS Instead
of Just Canned Goods.
PRICE OF WHEAT is
LIKELY TO BE REDUCED
Suggestion IS Made That Con-
traction of Currency and
Making Money ScarCer
Might Do the Job.

Washington, Aug. 2.--In the face
of growing unrest the high cost OF
living, as indicated by the spreading
strike of railroad workers. many gov-
ernment agencies moved today in eff.
forts to effect u return to normal
price levels.
Immediate sale OF all surplus food
stuffs purchased for the army, in
stead of only canned goods. was ex-
pected by the war department. Mil
lions Of pounds Of meat. beans, pump
kins, squash and other commodities
will be Offered to the public Mon
day, August Is. through the parcel
post system at prices materially lower
than those now prevailing in the mar
Ret. Purchasers will have to pay
postage charges from the place OF
storage.
Profitecring Problem.
Director General Hines, Commits
sioner Colver and Assistant Secretary
Leffingwell, appointed by the confer
ence assembled b. Attorney General
Palmer to recommend steps to reduce
living costs, We're engaged today In an
exchange of memoranda bearing on
the problem. Impression went out
that the committee had agreed that
steps could be taken by congress-
which would alleviate the situation at
once, but Il was said at Mr., Hines Of
flee that nothing final had been de-
cided upon. The committee was In
structed particularly to deal with
profiteering and to suggest how law
enforcement agencies should proceed
to bring to Justice men guilty of ex-
tortion through unreasonable prices.
If any recommendation Is made to
congress, 1t is believed most likely
that it will deal with sale of the
wheat crop at market prices and the
absorption by the government OF the
loss between the price and the $2.26
guaranteed the farmer.
Too Much Money Suggested.
Congress continued to discuss the
living question and at the Whlte
House President Wilson was SAID TO
be receiving full reports on all phases
of it. The senate adopted resolu-
ton asking the banking committee
whether reduction of the currency m
flation would help the situation. In
tha house an attempt to recess for
two weeks was blocked by Represen-
tative Igoe. democrat, of Missouri, pc
cause his resolution to have the red
eral trade commission investigate the
nrice of shoes was not acted upon
'rhe new demands of railways EN-
Moves for more wages to meet the
high cost of living drew fire from
Representative Blanton. democrat, OF
Texas. who said the railroad men
were acting like highway men IN
attempting to obtain another uhiair
billion dollar" raise.
Introduction In the house OF e9v-
ernment ownership railroad Dill WIN
ne employes participating in the
cnntrol and profits of the roads. was
made the occasion of statement oy
LEADERS, of the four brotherhoods that
the high cost of living demanded the
oneration of the countrys most I'M
nnrtant industry "for service rather
than for profit"
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-08-03
85 CENTS AN HOUR
IS DEMANDED; No
COMP PR0M|SE IS
To Be THOUGHT Of
Secretary Of Union Says Near
Iy Every Railroad of COun-
try viii Be Feeling Results
By Monday at FartheSt,
NO VIOLENCE TO BE
TOLERATED ANYWHERE
There Must Be Back Pay to|
Jan, / for Machinists and
Assistants; Wrecking Crews
to Continue on Job,

Chicago, Aug. 2.--MQre than 25O,-
600 railway shopmen OF the country
were idle tonight as a result of the
strike called yesterday by the Federat-
ed Railway Shopmen's union, union
officials of the organization said to-
night with the strike spreading and
no indication of an immediate settle
ment in sight.
The men are out to remain on strike
until their demands for SIS cents an
hour for machinists and sixty cents
for helpers are granted, John u.
Saunders, secretary, said.
Regardless of what the interna-
tional officials of the various unions
may be doing at Washington and
they are making no announcements
the rank and file of the men have
determined not to recede from their
demands with back pay to January /,
according to Saunders.
No men will be removed from the
wreciing crews, Mr. Saunders said.
and no violence will be tolerated.
Plans for huge mass meeting of
thousands of strikers at baseball
grounds tomorrow morning were
completed tonight.
In the meantime, union committees
are touring the railway systems to
see that the strike orders are carried
are carried out while hundreds of
kilograms are being sent out. BY
Monday, Mr.. Saunders said, virtually
every railroad in the country will be
affected.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-08-03
UNIVERSAL TRAINING FOR
THE ARMY NOW FA VORED
BY DEPARTMENT OF WAR

Washington, Aug. 2.-The war de-
apartment bill providing for a moderate
system of universal military training
as the settled military policy of the
as the settled military policy of the ma
ton will be laid before congress with
out further delay. Probably it will be
in the hands of Senator Wadsworth
and REPRESENTATIVE Kahn, heads of the
two military committees, early next
week
Previous plans for extended con-
ferences with General Pershing and
other overseas officers before pre-
senting the bill have been abandoned
Details of the departments bill
have not been made public. There are
indications, however. that it differs
essentially in some ways from the
Kahn -chambhrlain universal train
ing bill already before the committees.
In previous sessions of the COM
mittees dating back to the prepared
ness hearing before the United
States entered the war, most army
officers who testified held that train
ing should be given in the nineteenth
year. Secretary Baker expressed the
same views and 1t is thought probable
the war department plan will be
found to call for the training Of