davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-08
Exnecsa Big Year IN :, Beekeepang
Honey Wanted Here and Abroad.

Increase. IN. the. cost Of honey, due
1lsI.s & tsls The biS exnort demand created by
4le: makes it safe to uredict that
tha t ,eosasHa wear: viii see the greatest
enorf ever ever made. in furthering bee
messing -according to annual report
Of the Bureaa1 Of Entomology, United
states Department ,.of Agriculture.
nurfng the sast half Of the year hon
AZ to- the yalue OF perhaps $1,000
& ;ile ,Was.exported-abotu 10 times the
sralIIafIon sfor a11y wear previous to the
hrrrsnsaira s,f tl,e war-indicatine that
J,ny, 81. has ceased II, he 3. INJURY in the
-SinSss ~ 49se .aliiefi naonles- 80
aIss*. fhas home. demand. for honey
haa ;srraased .Eig1Irassse ara q not avail.
.5.ls 5,omauer as ral,cf. oY 4fe bofr,ts,y
~ .s,s oa,,,,fry neuar ,aa shes '}be
,.srsss,. ,..a,,tas. - trade In addition
Il, these two demands, the heavy loss
CT bees during the winter OF 1917 and
s. aresTatant decrease in production in
= 81 ern Tinted States likewise was
sresnar,sih1e FIR Increasing the price of
hnnsesSy IA tho highest fieIre recorded
in d11anv wears -,
In eyned;ting shipments 1ein Is, OF honey
ana supplies for beekeeners. and
esneeiauv in granting permits to bee
keepers 10 buy sugar for. feeding their
bees where this was necessary. the
United States Food Administration
has been OF areat help it is stated.
The issu;ng Of the senainonthlv mar
ketsreports by the Bureau Of Markets,
United States Department of Agricul-
ture has made it possible for the first
tine for the producer to get reliable
information regarding the honey. mar
ksts. This has been a chief factor in
MAKING. it feasible to encourage bee
keepers to increase their production
OF importance in this crisis in the bee
industry, has been the continuation of
the crop reports of the Bureau of c, "
Estimates
g,ba ;1r,;fad States Fpel Adnoinistra.
a.. ,,o,,,;++oiJ tho chief factories q,
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-08
Murder in Ba1nberg

Ramberg. Jan Paul jenkins
and Edison W Wnlams are in the Bam-
berg county Jail charged with the
ling of Henry Williams several
days ago. The killing took place on
Mrs N. E.. HHtte's place. It appears
thst there is some uncertainty as to
which one of the negroes did the kill
sing and the coroner, therefore. had
both men committed.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-08
Tobacco Seed.

The Chamber of Commerce has re-
:eived an ample supply of tobacco
seed for free distribution, and also 9
number Of bulletins giving directions
as to the culture and curing Of tobac-
co. Tobacco plant beds should be pat
in now and those who expect to grow
tobacco this year should call for seed
at once.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-08
Attack on Technicalities.

You see the whole trouble with the
attitude Of Lodge and Knox is that
they are doing what certain type
Of corporatiin lawyer tries to. do il
he wants to knock out a statute en-
acted with the purpose Of helping
along some aspect Of civil progress
He does not lend his intellect and ex-
perience to try to reshape some clause
in the statute to make it more ef-
fective. He gets his microscope and
sees what detail he can find that may
possibly admit of a successful attack
on technical grounds, and uses any
such point to upset the whole sta
tute.
If minds j., e. Lodges and Knox's
were turned IN the other direction
and were trying to help the world
build a League Of Nations, now at
this critical moment, in the wises1
and most fertile manner, their assis-
tance would be invaluable. AS, how
ever, they are simply following the
old trade Of so many prosperous and
conventional reactionaries, of looking
for opportunities to throw the ma
chinery of progress out Of working
order wherever they can find the op.
portunity, they are bearing a re-
sponsibliity as grave as men In high
office could possibly bear. They are
dashing the hopes Of mankind. They
are endeavoring to tell the World
that the total result Of the measure
less woe of this war shall be precise
ly nothing; that it shall leave the
world exactly where it was before Its
baptism Of sorrow; that any man and
any group Of men who endeavor tc
rear from the ruins Of Europe the
foundations Of better world shall
have from them nothing but OBJ
struction and discouragement -. :.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-08

The 12-year old son Of Ed Scott :,
colored man living on Mr.. Tisda!e's
place four miles above BishopviIle
was accidently shot and killed on
Christmas day by his playmate. q
youth Of about same age, son OF
Harmon Abraham. Coroner's jury
brought in verdict OF accidental honi-
cide.-Bishopville Vindicator.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-08

Rev. J. w. Watts, of the South era
Baptist Theological Seminary, Louis
vile, KY, will conduct all services OF
the First Baptist Church until Or.
Thayer shall have fully recovered
from his prolonged illness. Mr..
Watts will conduct prayer meeting
tonight. ..-.---
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-08
Jap. Peace Delegates.

Toxic, Jan IL; pan plans to in
!clud three representative business
men in the delegation to the Euro
pean peace conference.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-08

Washington, Jan. 3.-Practical'y
the entire Forty-frst. (sunset Di-
vision), is included in the list Of units
announced today for early convoy
home.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-08

more than to take up each one of his
points in succession and show it's hum
dred per cent. shallowness Neither
the League to Enforce Peace nor the
League Of Free Nations Association
has said or means to say, that immi-
grafton is a question to be decided
by the League Of Nations. 1 fancy
both these organizations think it to be
a domestic question. Certainly do,
and would no sooner ask the League
to settle it than would ask it to set
tie the negro question in our south
ern states. The league, in fact, has
comparatively little to do with the
domestic questions Of advanced and
self governing nations. The greatest
cause Of wars in modern times is the
race to control the great undeveloped
resources Of the backward countries,
that the majority of the officials of
so when Mr.. Lodge tries to raise a
tariff scare he over1ooks the differ
ence between tariffs a free and self
governing country may make for its
domestic welfare and tariffs which
might mean that one Of the great
powers was assuming the right to cut
off from the other powers access to
the raw materials Of some places in
Africa or Asia Minor over which it
assumed sovereignty.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02

Continued on FoHowirb PaocJ
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02
Clash OF Systems in America.
rkey Advanced as Solution to Near East Problem

created State peoples and races who
are politically compatible.
This does not imply that we are ad-
vocating the forcible transplanting OF
peoples. We simply claim that all
moral and material assistance should
be given TO those who may choose TO
move into a more congenial racial
environment.
The proposed segregation is abso-
lutely necessary for the future welfare
OF the races OF the OTTOMAN Empire.
This fact must be faced fairly and
squarely by the men now reshaping
the World. They must remember that
Turkey is on the peace table for a
surgical operation. which cannot be
postponed without serious conse-
quences TO the patient. The operation
must be performed. Amputation, in
cisions and transfers from certain
parts to certain other parts Of the
body must be made.
This will involve pain and suffering,
( to be sure, but serious operation cam
not be performed without n certain
amount OF suffering Besides, the
patient has suffered and Is still suf-
fering terribly. She has been In a
wreck and is now lying PROSTATE,
with broken limbs burned skin and
internal injuries.
To prevent the operation will amount
TO letting the patient drag on an in
tolerable manned existence This
| would indeed be a stupid and hcartlcss
crime against the patient.
In addition to the welfare Of the
races of the Ottoman Empire, the in
terests OF the future league OF nations
demand that the intricate problem
! under consideration should he disposed
OF once and for all by liquIdating the
| Ottoman Empire in the way indicated
above. 1t will be a gross mistake on
the part Of the Peace Conference to
! leave in the hands of the newly created
league of nations an empire of irrecon
| cilablc, Incompatible and connictine
races or to divide this empire into
spheres of influence Of the great
Powers and thereby create IA constant
source of jealousy and intrigue. Tn,
| interests of the young league OF ma.
! tons demand that all international
problems of intricate character shoulC
he solved during the Peace Conference
II such solution is at all possible.
In the Turkish Empire there a. d
great number OF different races. = Il
out OF the question, however. to d:vl,i,
the empire into as many political pa; :.
as there are races, because the major
ity OF these races have very few mem
bers and no civilization of their own
and are scattered throughout the en-
plre. Besides some OF these smalle
races are more or less related with on,
or the other OF the principal races
therefore. they can be amalgamate,
with them.
The principal races are Arabs, Ar
menians, Greeks, kurds, Jews, Syrian
and Turks; therefore, the countr.
should he divided among these prin
cipal heirs of the former Ottoman En-
pire. This problem of dividing tn
property among the heirs has its com
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02

eminent started the general massacres
OF lSsI-6, during which over loo, 900
innocent Armenians were murdered.
Again in 1908. when as a result OF
the Reval conference between the late
Car and the now deposed Kaiser the
disruption of Turkey seemed newt
able, the Turks once more appeared
with constitution and glowing
promises Of reform. hut as soon as
the danger was wardod Off by the
usual subterfuge they started upon
the most fiendish plan ever conceived
by any Government. plan which
called for the virtual determination Of
all the subject races OF Turkey.
The first conspicuous result of this
plan was the massacre Of 10000
Armenians of Cilicia only nine months
after the adoption OF a constitutional
Government by the Young Turks. The
climax was reached in the attempt OF
1915 to eXterminate the entire
Armenian population OF Turkey.
once more the Turk finds his en-
pire in danger OF being disrupted and
is trying to prevent 1t by his old
methods OF subttrfuge. He IS even
making frantic calls on the United
States to come in and help him to re-
/ form his empire with the hope that by
| this means he will be able to continue
| his domination over the subject races.
1t is hardly conceivable that the men
sitting at the peace table will seriously
consider his promises to behave.
| There are. however. we'll meaning
persons, both in this country and on
the other side Of the Atlantic. who
seem to have a weakness for being i'm
pressed by Turkish flattery and to be
prone unwittingly to play into the
hands Of the INSCRIPTIONS and shrewd
| Turkish politician. These men are ad-
vocating leaving the Turkish Empire
intact and governing 1t through a
commission OF the league OF nations
or of the United States alone for a
limited length of time.
| 1t is difficult TO know what they
expect to have the commission achieve
during their period of administration,
but 1t is not SO difficult to tell before
hand what such a commission gov
ernmcnt will not be able to accom-
plish. namely, the harmonization OF the
aims and aspirations OF the rival races
of the Turkish Empire.
Turkey is anything but melting
pot. Fire has been raging there for
centuries. but the result has not been
the amalgamation OF the conflicting
elements; on the contrary, 1t has re-
suited in making the principal races
inhabiting the country highly refrac-
tory and absolutely incompatible and
irreconcilable. How anybody could
expect good from forcing murderers
and the relatives of their victims to
live together is beyond comprehension.
At time when Austria Hungary is
being resolved into its component
parts To advocate the retention of the
integrity OF the Turkish Empire must
mean one OF two possible alternatives,
stupidity or sheer selfish interest on
the part Of those advocating 1t.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02

plications and difficulties, but it is not
as difficult as 1t would he If the Turk
ish Empire were a thickly populated
land.
Observers and travellers who Etv4
been in Turkey recently have hrough,
Information that not only have the AZ
menians been diminished In numb'r
but all the other races have suffered
great losses as "a direct or indirect re
suit OF the war. 1t is estimated thd'
the Turks have lost over 1900, 00o. Eo-
fore the war Turkey was sparscly
populated country therefore, a.
present the Ottoman Empire is Ilr-'
enough not only to satisfy the immoIl-
ate needs or the states TO he fururi
but also provides ample room for thor
future development.
According TO the proposed solution
the Turkish Empire is TO be divided
in the way indicated by the map else
where on this page. Constaptlnoplo
and the Straits are to be internatior
allied and administered by an iNt,r-
national commission. The western
portion of Asia Minor and the Islands
! OF the Aegean Sea are to be Cedcd -
Greece.
! The central section OF Asia Nnor
between the Black Sea and the Med.
terranean is to become Turkey prop'
Syria is to become an autonomal'
state. Palestine is to be the state + "
the Jews, so that the Jew Will i" ro
more a man without country. No
opotamia is to become "A sclf-Eo'er"-
ing state under British protection.
New independent Armenia l. 10 con-
prise CNicia and the six Nm. ,stG
villayets Of the former ottoman I'm
pire, in addition to those sections =
Armenia Major which before thr "dr
formed parts of Russia and Pcrs.t
\ separate state to the southcus' .
Armenia may he created pr '''
, Kurds. but the Kurds are not "
position for self government Fur'''"-
more, they have no political asi.''
tons, no civilization, culture .r
eraturc OF their own, therefor"
such n state is To be created q N.'
havo To become a protcCtoratv u"'.'
some western Power, but We belle"
that the interests Of the KurdS cav
be reconciled with the interests ~ NJ
m"nians and Kurdistan may he maze
g., art Of new Armenia.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02
DR.. Nicholas Murray Butler
Tells What Other Nations
Are Doing and hat
Our Needs Are Now

Of the new problems with which the
world Is faced The solution Of other
problems will have quicker and more
obvious results. but the. solution Of
this one will make n more durable and
more influential contribution to the
new world order than any other.
IN an inarticulate way the world
seems already to be realizing and con-
sidering this fact, for the relation Of
national education to national ideals
and national ctficiencies has been very
much in the minds Of men since the
war began. sharpening them and driv-
ing them to unaccustomed reflections.
. Germany was able to show the
world extraordinary results from
highly organized and wholly undemo-
cratic system of education which had
been bent to the purpose of providing
an abundant and suhservient lower
class. an equally subservient and an
efficient middle class and a dominant
and tcChniclly trained upper class.
German Plan Became Plain.
About 1890 it became plain that
ship had lost that disintercstedness
which once had been so marked. They
had been brought to heel in the service
OF the military and autocratic ideals
Of policy OF world domination. We
may we'll leave to the German people
the contemplation OF the results OF
that folly with the fun assurance that
the next generation will reconstruct
the entire German educational system
in order to. find place in it for the
expressio Of those popular needs and
democratic tendencies which class and
oligarchical systems in this generation
so carefully have excluded.
AT many points the German educa-
tional system produced excellent re-
suits worthy OF imitation in other
! lands. but these were sporadic and
| not general. and were quite over
Swallowed in Importance by the wrong
spirit and false ideals at the founda-
! ton Of the whole educational under
taking. II will be a long time before
! the German universities, for example,
can hope to be as attractive to ad-
vanced and ambitious students from
| other lands as they were to young
, Americans and Englishmen from
! forty to sixty years ago.
! This illustrates with startling
| clearness the damage that can be
done TO a nation and through it to
| the world by n falsely directed,
wrongly organized system Of public
education.
French Educational ExceIIences.
| ut so happens that in Great Brit
ain. France. Italy and the United
States much less progress had been
I made in the close standardization OF
| education. France had gone further
in this regard than any OF the others,
particularly since the passage OF the
legislation that is associated with the
name OF NJ. Paul Bert and the later
reorganization of the French univer.
sity system.
THE French people had unity in
their national educational system.
| The excellences OF their system are the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02
BY EDWARD MARSHALL.

THROUGIIOUT the civilized world
to-day the subject OF after the
war education is receiving at
tention. The war itself has empha-
sized the value of the school in an OK
traorlinary way,
1t was tho fact that the best edu-
Gated young men OF Britain made the
best fighting men unquestionably-
although I never have seen this state
ment made elsewhere--that put the
amazing Fisher educational bill
through Parliament with a rush at n
time when the appropriation OF the
vast sums it required for anything
other than the prosecution of the war
seemed too much for the father of the
splendid legislation even to hope for.
IN France there is almost as great
an impulse toward perfecting plans for
the development of the average hu-
man being
In Italy. at the time of the great
break, when the Austrians were flow
ing over the boundary and the nation
was in a state of dismay. Cabinet
Minister and a professor met in my
hotel to discuss ways and means of
getting certain supplies from the
United States, which at that time had
not declared war on Austria and
therefore was not working fully with
Italy and almost Immediately the dis
cussion shifted to consideration Of
Italian education for the masses. Both
men realized that Austro-German
propaganda had been able to do its
work because Italy had no compre-
hensve plan OF public education in
the past.
In other words, one thing which the
war has emphasized has been the need
for education newly effectual, newly
democratic, newly, internationally
comprehensive.
The man in the United States who
has given to this matter the most
earnest thought, l was informed by
various people whom l consulted with
regard to the situation, is Nicholas
Murray Butler. president of Column
bia University. which probably may
be regarded as the most democratic
as it is the largest, university in all
the world; which In its student body
embraces men and women OF practical.
~ all the worlds original Municipalities
and which, it seems to the best think
ers can find. links the American mass
with the American university as effec-
lively as is possible at present.
SIT is certain that education must be
reconstructed to meet new national
and international conditions" DIR
Butler said TO me when l sought his
views. perhaps this educational re.
construction is the most far reaching
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02

To ask Armenians 10 sit in a parlia-
ment with men who have ravaged and
slaughtered their wives and daughters
and to hope to have good come out Of
their deliberations on STATE affairs is
an objectionable sin against common
sense and common decency. A basis
for understanding and coopera tiun
among the principal races Of the Otto
man Empire is possible only after
they have been separated into indie
pendent and self-governing States.
No. the Turkish Empire cannot be
transformed into n homogeneous and
peaceful land by a commission gov
eminent. however wise and good that
government may be. Nor can the
stIpulations OF the Anglo French
eecret treaty of 1916 and the Anglo
Franco Russian secret treaty of 1917
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02

Fortunately imperial Prussia Is no
more and revolutionary Russia has
discluimcd imperidlistic policies and
has repudlated the secret treaties nego-
t!ated liy Czarist Russia. In view OF
the changed conditions Great Britain
has expressed her Willingness To waive
her claims, and il - confidently eX-
pected that France Will follow her
great ally.
1t is unbelievable that the gallant
and noble French democracy will in
sst on the stipulations Of anneXa-
Zionist treaties which have been made
obsolete ana obnoxious by the pro-
Lrammes and principles Championed by
the great leaders and adopted by the
people Of all the demoCraeics of the
world
The solution OF the Turkish prob
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02

form the basis for a real solution OF
the Turkish problem. According to
these secret treaties the lands conpus-
ing the former Ottoman Empire We're
to be divided among the signatory
Powers.
This imperialistic scheme Of eNpan-
sion and exploitation Is not only IN
compatible with the principle OF self
determination but 1t has within it the
seeds Of political and economic con-
flIct which would surely develop into
future wars.
To he fair to the two great dcmoc-
racies OF western Europe II should be
stated that they entered into these
secret treaties in order to safeguard
their interests against future en-
croachments from the then imperial
istic Russia and grasping Prussia.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02

ing later years and largely for politi-
cal reasons, from Germany. German
ntiuence in education only reached
Italy occasionally, however. and then
h'ehy the higher Italian institutions
" learning.
or nl the great peoples England
came last into the field with a vital
and overwhelming impulse for popular
education; and she has proceeded to
deal with this, now that she has felt
It, in truc Anglo-Saxon fashion.
mo theoretically perfect system,
no special philosophy of education has
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02

part Of their political propaganda.
while France seemed to be almost as
eagerly avoiding everything OF the
sort. Yet the French educational sys-
tenn has much to teach the world,
while perhaps there may be something
which it might learn to advantage
from England and from the United
States,
"In Italy the development has been
along lines quite parallel to those in
France. and in SO far as any foreign in
tiucnce has been felt there it has come
either from France or, especially dur
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02
Used
As a Pendulum

r y the show window OF doWr''".
typewriter concern Stands
imposing locking cloc% "
than six feet tall. II Is attrac'.''. '.'
what especially invites tho a,tent,"' -"
the pendulum. The bob IS lnAh" t'V
other in the city, being u fan S'
typewriter, one that could y" $50 ~
on a desk and pat In active u~'
The suspended typewriter SWINE -'
and fro all day long JudGirh '..""
the excellent time the clock kcelS '
Typewriter bob does its work t''N-
fully and well.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-02-02

excellences OF the French people them
selves as revealed in their order, their
economy Of time and effort, their gen
erous sympathy for every type. ca
pacity and ambition. and their equally
generous recognition Of youthful at
tainment and promise.
III one were to offer any criticism
OF the achievements of France in edu-
cation during the past generation it
would be that sometimes there has
seemed ~ be too much bureaucratic
control at the centre as to matters
rather TRIVIAL, details which might be