davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12

Germany is making great preparations
FOR its representation at Paris. The
Amsterdam CORES pondent of THE Lon
don Daily Express" says an enormous
mass of documents has been prepared to
be taken to Paris by the German peace
delegation, which, with secretaries and
assistants, will number more than 100.
Prince Lichnowsky is again talked of to
head the German delegation.
Three labor meetings are being called
to assemble in Lausanne simultaneously
with the peace congress in Paris. Ar
thur Henderson for England, Albert
Thomas for France, and Emil Wander
velde for Belgium are calling one A
second is being summoned by NJ Jou-
haux, secretary of the Confederation
General du Travail, of France, while the
International Socialist Bureau, which
before the war had its office at The
Hague, will also meet in Lausanne.
The storm reused by Secretary
Daniels's greatest navy" programme
grows rather than lessons in intensity.
George W. Wickersham in cable to
The Tribune from London says "Mr
Daniels's announcement has gone very
far to spoil the good results of Mr.. Will
sons visit, and has injected an element
of dstrust where complete concord
might have prevailed" The Pail Mall
Gazette" commenting on Mr. Daniels,
said:
Il
those who cannot be persuaded with grace
must be driven with big stick 1t would
be an atfectation to assume that his words
are not pointed directly at the British En-
pire. We are the power invested with the
incomparably greatest navy at the present
time. 1t is our position that would be
most affected by fresh competition
American opinion was not more recep-
tive, on the whole, than foreign "The
Seattle Post t-Inteligencer" said:
Neither the United States nor the rest
Of the world will take seriously Mr.. Dan
lels's statement that the United States
plans to outbuild every navy in She world
Ii league of nations doesn't come out Of
the peace conference. The statement
comes at the wrong time to be effective If
we may be pardoned the expression, it is
entirely too psychological to change pub
nc opinion either at home or abroad Eur
thermore we may be certain that when all
the preliminary tumult dies down we will
have league of nations, and the Amer
can people will have something 20 saw
about any battleship race.
II 1T is necessary for the United States
to have the largest navy in the world, that
necessity will exist whether we have a
league of notions or not. The league of
nations will not of itself change mankind.
1t may or may not be an evidence of a
change in mankind If man has changed.
If he has learned his lesson from the past
tour years, the league is not necessary.
though it may be convenient If he hasn't
learned his lesson, the league will be of
doubtful value ard duration. In either
case, good-sized navy will be comfort
ing insurance. Whether we need the
largest navy in the world, however. VIII be
matter for the people and not Mr. Dan
iels to decide
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12
Too M Uch for
America

"The Arizona Republican" is no less
adverse:
Mr.. Danielss conditional threat on Mon
day to build the largest navy in the world
is obviously intended to bring Great Brit
ain, willy nilly, into league OF nations and
to meet the Presidents views regarding the
reduction Of ar1naments. Mr. Daniel; in
forms a Senate committee that he repre-
sents the president in this conditional
threat. Between the news from Washing
ton and that from London and Paris, we
are thrown into a state of confusion. We
had learned from the two European capitals
that France and Great Britain were in ac-
cord with the President as to the league of
nations and that the President was in ac-
cord with Great Britain's notion regarding
the freedom of the seas and its deterrnina-
tion to hold first place as naval power
Mr. Daness threat will perhaps not Sc
riously affect the British attitude, whatever
1T may be, toward the league. British
statesmen we'll aware that the Ameri-
can people would never consent to start in .
such a race for first place when there is
no need OF it. One statement by the Secre-
tary will certainly not receive the approva!
of his countrymen, that if league is not
established America must have a navy as
powerful any in the world, to protect
small nations and to preserve the freedom
of the seas.
"Our people have not yet been educated
to the doctrine of universal protection. In
case league of nations is formed for that
purpose incidental to a preservation of the
worlds peace, we shall perform our part
IN 1t, but if no league should be formed the
American people would hardly undertake
the role of policeman for the whole world
We will be content with power to safe
guard our own interests, which are rem
dered by nature easily secured"
And "The Dallas News" is of the
opinion that Mr. Daniels is attempting
a bluff that will not succeed:
ut is not only in his greatly enlarged
ideas OF what should be the size of our
navy that Mr.. Daniels is showing the en-
thusiasm and excess of the new convert
He cannot wait for the reverberations of
one war to become stilled before announc-
ing plans Of practice for another war on 81
scale never before contemplated in this
country. There is to be two wears Of in
tensive training which will so stimulate
the keenness of the men that they will
feel that they are in actual war Maybe
they viii learn to drink TO "The Day even
under the mild ncitement of crane juice.
1t seems fairly evident that in all this
surprising demonstration Mr. Daniels is
moved by the belief that he will frighten
reluctant and recalcitrant governments
into taking refuge in league of nations.
MIR. Daniels seems TO be engaged in a hit
OF pious propaganda. And yet one NAV
concede the restitude of his motive. and
still have reason to doubt whether it viii
accomplish precisely the end MIR. Daniels
| has in view"
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12

of league of nations, and he understands
it to mean the drawing into single circle
all the civilized nations Of the world
"But there is another hnt-a strong hint
in the speech of the King He wants Amer
lea to help him get lot of that territory
on the Adriatlc to confirm the act of Italy
in gathering to her bosom those brothers
so long sorrowing under OPPRESSION The
other allies, it is understood, have treated
a little coldly ltalys new born purpose Of
seizing the east coast of the Adriatic and
permitting no other nation to have a port
on that sea.
"The Italian King declares he shares the
high ideals of the President and that he
stands for a league of nations, but he has
another little matter at Paris, in which he
is deeply nterested-which happens to be
the acquisition of the eastern coast of the
Adriatc with all it's ports"
"The Philadelphia i~ress" sees a lot
of trouble, with no special reason to
hope on account of Italy:
"a great deal of equivocal talk has been
heard from the statesmen of all nations
and great deal of contradictory specula-
tion from correspondents abroad But from
1t all it is only possible to CLEAN that the
problems of the Peace Conference will be
as numerous and weighty as any pessimist
anticipated and that full agreement on
single one of them is not yet in sight"
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12

the Allies, having completed this work,
should approach Germany but not for the
purpose of asking her to enter the league
OF nations at the outset. That cannot be
until Germany has made full reparation
and has, in fact, submitted to the neces-
sary chastisement which justice imposes
The Allies would simply indicate the cor
dltions of peace formulated and decided
upon at the peace congress.
The third part OF the scheme is that
immediately after the peace treaty a uni
versal conference should be called At
this conference the Allies would make
known the obligations which they had en-
tired into regards themselves and would
call upon those nations anxious to join the
league of nations to observe the same
rules.
"Do not conclude that it would be an easv
matter for any nation to join the league
that all that would be necessary would be
to assent to the obligations imposed A
great deal more than assent viii be neces-
sary. The guarantees presented by each
state would be most carefully inquired into
by the conference, and very naturally. in
the case of Germany, would be strictly
verified"
The British idea is thus described by
G. H. Perris, Paris correspondent of
"The London Daily Chronicle:
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12
"High Sounding,
But Meaningless"

American opinion was by no means so
certain as President Wilson that the re-
ception accorded him by the Italian peo-
pie meant that he would have the back
ing of the Italian delegates to the peace
congress. "rhc Montgomery Advert
ger" stated the case very plainly:
"Much of what has been said in Europe
has been high sounding but meaningless.
When responsible statesmen have spoken
on the peace conference they have illus-
trated the cid saying Of Tallcyrand, true
in diplomacy in his day, and true in diplo-
macy in the, twentieth century, that words
we're given 70 man to conceal his thoughts.
But She King Of Italy says something direct
and positive; he is AZ frank as was Premier
Cemenceau. He ig for the Presidents plan
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12
"PraCfiCaI and
BuSineSSIike"

"The British idea is that the league
should be a practical and business-like
body, elastic in its constitution and using
such precedents as the Imperial Cabinet and
the Versailles committee of Prime Minis
ters and Generals, rather than a symmetri-
cal, but artificial, structure. In any case.
it must be in some measure a copy of the
five fold character of the national govern
ments whose chief functions are defense.
legislation, administration, judicature, and
provisions for the free and regular express
sion of public opinion.
In other words, the league must have
means of enforcing it's decisions 1t must
have a conference in which extensions and
changes of international law can be dis
cussed and the opinion of it's constituents
ventilated. 1t must have-and this is at
present regarded as the essential thing
a powerful executive which would like a
trustee, watch continuously all possible
sources of trouble. Finally it must have
courts of law and arbitration for dealing
quickly with justiciable disputes"
Paris having got along this far Pres
ident Wilson is reported to have imme-
diately got to work on the league of ma
tions plan. But, says & dispatch to The
Tribune:
eff Mr.. Wilson has drawn up any specific
plans he has not divulged them to anybody.
and it is known that he is closely studying
various suggestions that are advanced by
others"
1t is now the accepted opinion that
President Wilson will have to divide his
attendance at the peace congress in two
parts, as it is not believed the treaty
can possibly be ready for signing before
June at the earliest, while he must be
home for the closing sessions of the
present Congress. 1t is reported from
Paris that he will return to America
about February u, make several ad
dresses to Congress and go back to
France after March 4.
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12

ence. Idealistc craftsmanship may sketch
the broad outlines of peace, but the realists
must write the hard-and-fast specifications
of the peace artlcles.'
When President Wilson got back to
Paris he found the practical statesmen
had been at work laying out plan for a
league of nations. Lord Robert Cecil
and General Smuts, for England, had re-
tired from the realm of words disspated
in the air and set their ideas down in
black on white, while Leon Bourgeois,
the veteran French statesman, had done
the same thing for France.
In an interview with the correspond
ent of "The London Daily Telegraph" NJ.
Bourgeois described the main outlines of
his plan as follows:
"The common scheme we have in mind
is divided into two parts. The first part
is that the Allies should first of all form
a Society of Nations among themselves,
fixing the conditions and fundamental
rules and taking solemn engagement to OBJ
serve them Compulsory arbitration, and
limitation of armaments would, of course,
be two of the main features of the league
of nations entered into by the Allies, and
the obligations entered into would be in
serted in the peace treaty.
"The second part of our scheme is that
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12
Speeches
In Italy

After this it is small wonder Presi-
dent Wilson should think, temporarily,
at any rate, that he can dominate the
peace congress against the views of his
colleagues of the Allied countries.
Here are some of the characteristic
extracts from his Italian speeches. In
replying to the welcome Of the Mayor of
Milan the President said
"I am very much touched to-day, sir to
receive at the hands of wounded soldiers a
memorial in favor of a league of nations
and to be told by them what it was that
they had fought for-not merely to win this
war; but to secure something beyond, some
guarantee of justice, some equilibrium for
the world as whole which would make it
certain that they would never have to fight
war like this again"
In speaking to the delegation which
welcomed him to Milan:
"Thc world is not going to consist now of
great empires. 1t is going to consist for
the most part of small nations apparently,
and the only thing that bind small ma
tions together is the knowledge that each
wants to treat the others fairly. That is
the only thing. The world has already
shown that its progress is industrial. You
cannot trade with people whom you do not
trust and who do not trust you"
At the University of Turin:
"After all, when we areaseeking peace we
are seeking nothing else than this, that
men shall think the same thoughts, govern
their conduct by the same impulse, enter
tain the same purposes love their own
people, but also love humanity and, above
all else, love that great and indestructible
thing which we call justice and right"
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12
Leader of
Free Peoples"

The President returned to Paris elated
with the results of his Italian trip. He
leit that his visit there had been re-
markaby successful in furthering the
'oeals OF peace to which he is committed
All the correspondents agree that the
people Of Northern Italy look to him to
md practical solution for the problem
of preventing future wars. He was
nailed IN Milan as "leader of free peo-
pes" and champion of the peoples
rights" In Turin he was called the
leader Of democracy and the friend of
Ine people" "The World" says that in
'aiian the ovations were of the widest
oraer, rivalling the celebration of New
Tears Eve in New York" The line of
march in Milan was literally carpeted
WIN flowers and Mrs. Wilson had TO
"hleid her face with a bouquet Of or
enias TO save herself from being over
"hered by the storm of flowers thrown
~ 'he Presidential party by the crowds
D,,escf1oing the scene at the Scala Opera
mouse IN Milan "The World" says "the
incident recalled the demonstrations that
attended some Of the public appearances
~ Colonel Roosevelt, with President
"''son ~ an unusual role.
30 overcome was the President by the
"@h'estatIons that he was seen in many
s''0soai poses. One dispatch from Milan
reports him
Leaning over the magnificent taoestry
80 hang from the palace balcony, the
~ .S@'oena eyeked the widest sbow Of en-
ss@., s9ae'as1 of the spectators by assuming The
.Ss.spoe -, of a band leader and marking time
~ sfs Socialist band played The Mar
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12

Again:
"The President entered into the carnival
spirit of the occasion, gratifying the crowd
by making rapid circuit of the balcony,
waving his top hat and handkerchief as he
bowed in response to the deafening saluta-
tions of the people"
And
Later, from the royal box, the President
moved the fashionable audience that jammed
the opera house to frantic pitch of en-
thusiasm by blowing kisses and waving his
hat in response to their cheering. He also
led the band in the playing Of The Star
Spangled Banner and the Italian national
anthem"
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12
"The Boston Daily Globe" thinks the
peace congress will have to take account
of the cheers of the people. 1t said:

"The Boston Daily Globe" thinks the
peace congress will have to take account
of the cheers Of the people. 1t said:
Ignorant of the niceties of statecraft the
peoples undeniably (and happily are; but
of one thing they are not ignorant, and that
is that they intend, by one means if not by
another, to have an end of international
warfare. That is the big news buzzing about
the world to-day. And statesmen who, like
the novelist Thackeray, derive their views
from too exclusive a contemplation of the
upper classes are likely to think certain
things are going to last which are already
dead at the roots"
"The New York World" usually the
Presidents stanch supporter, could find
nothing more hopeful than:
Seeking reasons why the Presidents re-
ception in Italy was, if possible even more
enthusiastic than in France and Great
Britain, the correspondents note that there
are in Italy more returned emigrants who
know America and have faith in her than
any other country of Europe contains"
The Tribune thinks practical states
manship still has it's work ahead of it:
what the European leaders are still look
ing to Mr.. Wilson to do is to draw down his
idcalism to earth, as Franklin drew light
nlng from the clouds. That is the test he
must meet in the approaching peace confer
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12
B0IsheviSn1
Prime Topic

Bolshevism, which is spreading so
rapidly through Europe, and is even
seeking a toehold in this country, has
suddenly assumed first place in the prob
lens of the peace delegates, displacing
for the time the league of nations. 1t
is strongly limited that the proper way
to deal with the Bolshevist menace may
prove an even more controversial subject
than the league of nations has been. A
cable from Paris to "The New York
Sun" says:
"The peril of Bolshevism, emphasized in
the recent events in Germany, has caused
President Wilson to assume suddenly
very definite position as to the policy that
the Allies should pursue, which is likely
to show quickly how closely the Allies are
in accord regarding the problem.
$50 pronounced is President Wilson's
position that already it has given rise to
fears that serious divergences will develop
at the meeting of the allied chiefs at the
Quai d'Orsay. His view. already communi-
Gated informally to Premier Clemenceau
and the other foreign representatives,
differs radically from the opinions some
have held as to the proper method of deal
ing with Bolshevism."
The point of conflict is as to whether
the Germans should still be treated as
enemies or should have the status of
friends who need help. "The Sum- con-
tinues:
president Wilson's proposal in word
is to make the Germans our allies against
Bolsneyism and to resume friendly rela-
tions on this basis at once This policy
is the exact opposite of that of Premier
Clemenceau. which favors the use of mill
tary force in Russia and Germany The
next few days should show how successful
President Wilson will be in inducing the
Allies to accept this policy upon which ap-
parenty he is insisting stubbornly."
President Wilson hopes for the sympa-
thy of Great Britain and Italy against
the French view. The great popular re-
eeptons he had in both countries are
pointed to as assuring him British and
Italian support. On the other hand, it
neld in many quarters that President
wilson has exaggerated the true char
acter Of these receptions. British pop
uar sentiment, for example, is strongly
IN favor of treating Germany as an en-
emy-though military measures are not
advocated. Punishment of Germany was
one Of the five points on which Lloyd
george achieved his overwhelming tri-
unph IN the British elections.
New-York tribune., 1919-01-12
the JOB at Last-Now LET Us Have Peace

" HE preliminaries to the prelimi
naries being finished, the actual
opening of the peace congress is
long step nearer. President
Wilson has completed his great swing
around the circle to get the people Of the
Allied countries with him, wherever
their rulers may stand, and is back in
Paris, and the preliminary conferences
of premiers are about to begin at the
FRENCH Foreign Office, on the Quai
d'Orsay.
A bothersome question that might
readily have given rise to vexatious
problems of precedence has been resolved
by President Wilson's announcement
that he will sit at the peace table not as
the head of state but as premier.
lie Temps" of Paris, says it is able to
saw that President Wilson has officially
informed Premier Clemenceau that he
does not desire to be considered at the
peace conference as the head of a state,
but only as the prime minister of his
state.
LIE Temps" says the United States
Constitution makes the President not
only the head of the state but the head
of the government, and that President
Wilson will claim only the right to the
prerogatives of the last-named office at
the peace conference.
The newspaper adds that when MAX
ing known his desire to Premier Gle
menceau Mr. Wilson also informed the
Premier concerning the detailed work the
various American delegates to the con-
ference would have assigned to them.
Weekly journal-miner., 1919-06-25
Revised League Covenant

A revised covenant Ot the League of Nations intended to conform in respect to the Monroe Doctrine to objection raised in America was adopted by the peace conference on April 28. Geneva was selected as the seat of the league.
 Shanung was disposed of on April 30. when the council of three voted to turn 1t over to the Japanese on assurances that it would be gwen later to the Chinese.
 The Germans, headed by Count von Brockdorff-Rantzau, arrived in Versailles and presented their ere dentials 10 the allied delegates or May l,
 The peace treaty was presented tc the Germans at Versailles on May 7 the anniversary of the sinking of the Lusitahia, and an official summary oi the treaty was made public that day Ii was also announced that the Unit ed States and Great Britain had pledged aid to France against pos sible future German aggression. The manner in which the Germans re ceived the treaty was described as insolent Numerous German leaders declared they would not sign it and a week of mourning was decreed by the German government, but the de cree was virtually unheeded.
 Thereafter the German delegates submitted various notes to the coun- cil of four, asking for concessions or ariticising the terms proposed in the treaty as submitted to them. Or May l6 it was announced that the German treaty would become effect i've wh.n ratified by Germany and three of the allied or associated powers.
 The German reply to the first form of the peace treaty was presented to the allied delegates on May Z8 and this was followed by several German counter-proposals.
 Meanwhile the Austrian delegates had arrived at St. GermaiR and or June 2 the terms of the peace treaty with Austria as drawn by fine allies was submitted 10 them,
Weekly journal-miner., 1919-06-25
WAR EVEN + PEACE IS
 DELAYED
By Associated Press.


 WASHINGTON, June 23.-So that war conditoins may not be pro- Ionged should the peace treaty fail of ratification or its approval to greatly delayed, opponents of the league of nations presented in the senate today an appeal tn declare a state of peace wTh Germany and Austria-Hungary
 The declaration was introduced both as an amendment 10 tne pend ing army bill and as a separate joint resolution by Senator Fall of New Mexico, republican member of the foreign relations committee. The amendment is expected to come up tomorrow, and should it fail, the res olution will be called up for action probably "Wednesday.
 Both in his amendment and in his resolution, Senator Fall proposes that the president be directed to se- cure the immediate return of all mil itary and naval forces now abroad on duty connected with war. In addi- ton the amendment would provide that none of the money appropriated by the army bill could be used for the maintenance of forces on foreign soil except as required by peace commissions A joint resolution similar to the one introduced by Son. ator Fall was introduced by Senator Edge of New eJrsey.
 It is considered probable that the amendment will be rejected on a point of order, and that the league opponents then will line up gener, ally behind the Fall resolution.