The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1919-03-18
HUN Navy CRAVEN
JELL|C0E SHOWS
British Officer Surprised by Cau-
ton of Foe During First
of War.
GRAND FLEET IN DANGER
Short Of Cruisers, Destroyers and Had
DefenseIess Bases in Early Months
of ConfIict-Describes Big Bat
tie of JutIand.

London.-The dangers to which the
British grand fleet, short of cruisers,
destroyers and with d~efenseless bases,
was exposed during the first two and
one-half years of the war, owing to the
German use of submarines, mines and
t%orpedoes, is described in a book writ
ten by Admiral Viscount Jellicoe, for
mer commander of the fleet, covering
the activities of 191416.
Admiral Jellicoe points out that the
German high seas feet possessed ~
destroyers, compared with AZ for the
| grand fleet, and reveals that, owing to
the submarine menace, the grand feet,
in the fall of 1914, moved from Tough
Swilly and only returned to the North
sea when the anchorage in Scapa Flow
became reasonably safe,
Neither In October, 1914, nor in May,
1916, Admiral Jellicoe says, did the
British margin of superiority justify
him in d%isregarding the enemy's tor
pedo fire. The situation gradually i'm
proved after 1916, especially as the
light cruiser and destroyer forces with
the grand fleet increased steadily after
the battle of Jutland, considerably re-
ducing the danger Of successful tor
pedo attack, while the inclusion OF
class X submarines made 1t probable
that the enemy would suffer more
severely from submarine attack than
the British.
Tables Are Turned.
Regarding 1918, Admiral Jellicoe
says:
1.-THE position was assured and we
could have afforded to take risks which
In 1915 would have been unwise. II
the German fleet had come out to bat
tie, a terrible punishment awaited
them"
One-third of the admirafs book is
devoted to the battle of Jutland. In
summing up the lessons of the battle,
Admira, Jellicoe dwells upon "the dan
ger involved in leaving too much to
chance In fleet action, because u fleet
was-.the e and only factor vital to-
the existence of the empire, and, In
deed, to the allied cause"
"We had no reserve outside the bat
tie 1eet which could in any way re-
place it in the event of disaster or
even should its margin of superiority
be eliminated" the admiral continues.
Admiral Jellicoe says he knew that
his ships were inadequately protected
with armor compared to the German
vessels of the battle cruiser type,
while the German f1eet in the battle
Of Jutland was far better off in the
number of destroyers. In addition, the
possessed "a most eflclent
armor-piercing she'll"
Describes Big Battle. II
The admiral continues:
when the battle fleets approached
there was a difference of reckoning
between the British battle fleet and
the battle cruiser s%quadrons, due to
he cruisers having been engaged for
hours and having repeatedly
Uttered their course. Hence, instead of
,eing encountered right ahead, the enc
appeared or the starboard bow"
Instant action was necessary, the ad-
niral says, and he decided to deploy on
port wing division, thus compelling
Germans to turn off to starboard to
void being crossed. This maneuver,
which has been described as mastery
" reviewers, threw the enemy into
omplete confusion. The German com-
nander in chief realized that his only
lay in escape, proffting by his
uperiority in torpedo craft, low visi-
ility, the approach of darkness and
he proximity of his bases and mine
elds. ~ss~~A
The enemy at this period fired un-
reds of torpedoes. as German officers
ave since stated, Admiral Jellicoe con-
Inues, and although the Germans were
i the gravest peril, the position OF the
rand fleet itself was menaced by de-
torpedo attacks in thick
feather. But the British feet by turn I
lg it's battle line foul times during
action, the admiral says got clear !
{ the torpedoes, which were racing !
1ward the British ships, and defeated !
tactics upon which the Germans I
ased their hopes. !
After estimating the relative strength I
the two fleets early. IN the war, Ad- !
liral Jellicoe expresses surprise That !
he Germans were SO cautious and )
avs: !
"If this country In the future de- I
.ded to rely for safety against raids I
{ invasion on the Aeet alone, 1t is !
that we possess a consider Z
bly, greater margin OF superiority over :
possible enemy in all classes OF YES Z
lis than we did in August, 1914" )
Change Village Name. !
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