davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
Speaker Clark Declares There
Is No Excuse for Retention
of United States Forces mi
Europe Further
AMBASSADOR FRANCIS
Is STRONGLY DEFENDED
Representative Miller Of Mir
neSota CritiCizeS Diplomats
Who Fail to Understand the
People Of Russia,

lsN NoHNiha JouRHSL CO. ~itL L.ks.u wissl
Washington, Jan. - - Speaker
Champ Clark declared in the house
today during debate on the diplomatic
appropriation bill, in favor of every
American soldier being Withdrawn
from Russia and the rest of Europe
He answered criticisms of the course
of Ambassador Francis in Russia, by
saying it came frcm members ignorant
of conditions there.
General Du Pont in recent inter-
view, said the speaker, said our
boys would be kept overseas for an
other two years lie made enough
money out of selling powder during
the war to fill this house with one dol
lar bills and he says our boys will be
needed to help tear down barbed wire
and police Europe.
III the Be}gians and French want
the wire torn down let them do it
themselves, After we licked the Ger
mans for them they surely can police
Europe themselves, The most sensible
thing president Wilson has said was
mat ~ vas ssing to MING tlfosse saf Z
diers home"
lNtDTehtHtiilNG idtIudluld Oh tNtN
York said Ambassador Francis did not
work in accord or sympathy with the
French and British ambassadors. The
speaker declared that republicans had
intimated Mr.. Francis was afraid of
the Bolshevih, but that he really
was not afraid of the devil himself"
Representative Miller of Minnesota
also criticized Mr.. Francis, saying
that the ambassador did not put him
self in position where he could ac-
quire knowledge of Russian conditions
and thought.
american diplomatic representa-
tives have been and are wiling he
said, ito cling to the old wrecked and
sinking group of survivors of the
cZar's regime and refuse 10 see that
the power of Russia is in the masses
of the Russian people. Until our
diplomatic representatives 90 and
meet these people We will never get
on spenking terps with the Russian
people.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23

the Russian people, not to hinder
them or to interfere In any manner
with their right to settle their own
affairs in their own way.
They regard the Russian people
as their friends, not their enemies,
and are willing to help them in any
way they are willing to be helped. 1t
is clear to them that the troubles and
distrnst of the Russian people will
steadily Increase hunger and priva-
tion of every kind become more and
more acute, more and more wide
spread and more and more impos-
sible to relieve unless order is re-
stored and normal conditions Of Ia
Dor, trade and transportation once
moro created. and they are seeking
some way in which 10 assist he Rus
sian people to establish order.
They recognize the absolute right
of the Prssian people to direct their
owr affairs without dictation or di-
rection of any kind from outside
They do not wish to exploit or make
use Of Russia in any way
They recognize he revolution
without reservation and will in no
WAY and in no circumstances aid ar
give countenance to any attempt at
a counter-revolution
ut is not their wish or purpose to
favor or assist any one uf the organ
zed groups now contendine for the
leadership and guidance Of Russia as
AGAINST the others Their sole and
sincere purpose Is To do what they
can to bring Russia peace and an op-
portunity to find her way out of her
present troubles.
The associated powers are now
enga2ed In the solemn and respons-
ihle work Of establishing the peace of
Europe and of the world aud they
are keenlv alive to the fact that Eu-
rope and the world carnot be at
peace IL Russia Is not. They recog-
rize and accept il MS duty to serve
Russia as generously. as nnselfishly
as thouphtfullv. as ungrudginglv as
thev you'd serve anv other friend
and allv, and they are ready to rem
der this service IN the way that is
most acceptable to the Russian peo-
pie
I'm this snirit aud with this pttr-
pos" the" have taken the following
action: They invite every organized
gronp that is now eXcrcising or at
tempting tn cVerc 50 political authori-
tv or military cont"ol anywhere in
Siberia. or within the boundaries Of
European Russia as they stood he
fore the war just concluded, except
in Finland to send representatives.
not exceeding three representatives
for each group TO Princes Islands, Sea
of Marmora, where thev win be met
by representatives of the associated
powers provided in the meantime
there is a truce of arms amongst the
parties invited and that all armed
forces anywhere sent or directed
against any people or territory inside
the boundaries of European Russia as
thev stood before the war or against
Finland. or AGAINST any people or
terri tory whose autonomous action is
in contemplation in the fourteen ar
ti"les upon which the present negoti-
ations are based, shall ha meanwhile
Withdrawn and aggressive military
actions cease.
These representatives are invited
to confer with the representative of
the associated powers in the freest
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
AME ER|CANS MAY
OPPOSE EFFORTS To
PUNISH EX-kA|SE R


Paris, Jan. % tby the Associated
Press The American peace COM
mission Is depending upon its special
lists in international law for the prep
aration of the American view of i'm
portant questions raised in the agenda
adopted by the peace conference Sat
urday. These are, first, responsibility
for the war; and second, the framing
of policy for international co-opera-
ton in legislation directed towards
the interests of labor.
Wide differences exist at present
regarding the first question, particu-
larly as to the responsibility of indi-
viduals, rather than of governments
for the war and likewise violation of
the rules of war by the central
powers.
1t is believed to be by no means
certain that the American delegates
are willing to accept the views of the
French legal authorities quoted by
Premier Clemenceau respecting the
personal responsibility of the former
German emperor and his generals In
the absence of precedents. and until
there IS IA clearer understanding of
the limitations within which such a
doctrine can be exercised,
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
. e~~~e&~H~~~ue~eens



Archangel, Tuesday Jan. % (by
the Associated Prcss) --Boshevik
troops are heavily shelling the farth-
est south positions OF the American
and Russian hw W. at list Padenga
on the Waga river thirty miles south
of Shenkurska. They also are show
ing considerable activity west of Shen-
turska on the Tania river. 1t has
been impossible to determine whether
the attack will develop orr a greater
scale. The enemy has mobliZed the
peasants in the vicinity of Vilsk and
apparently is prepared for general
offensive in the Shenturska sector.
Sunday the enemy, under cover of
heavy bombardment, attacked with
infantry the American and Russian
positions at ust Padenga The allied
outposts withdrew. but the Bolshevik
attack on the main positions was re-
pulsed with heavy losses.
American Artillery Replies.
There has been no infantry action
since. though there has been con
stant rain Of shells on the village
The American artillery is vigorously
replying,
Yesterday, flying in temperature
of 16 degrees below zero. one Ameri-
can airplanc bombed the enemy and
secured direct hits on important Boil
sheviki positions.
The fighting is going on in cold,
clear weather but the temperature is
so low that it is difficult for the in
fantrymen to remain in the open any
length of time.
BOlshcvists Are Active.
The Bolsheviki also are Smelling the
American positions on the Nologda
railway With the exception of few
days early in January, when the al
lied forces attempted to improve their
positions southwark on the Kadish
railroad and on the Omega sector. the
offensive on the Archangel front for
several months has been in the hands
of the Bosheviki. They are boasting
that in the vicinity of Kadish they
will drive the allies into the White
sea in March"
Along the Murmansk railway front
the Russian and allied troops yester
day raided the Village of Rugozerka.
fifty miles southeast of Soroka, where
they either killed or captured all the
Bolshevili garrison. They took 1l0
rifles and other equipment and
numerous documents. The allied
forces did not suffer single casualty.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
INDIANA GOVERNOR
FIGHTS PHONE RATES

Indianapolis. Ind. Jan. 22.--Gov-
ernor James p. Goodrich of Indiana.
today placed the resources of his Of
flee back of the fight of the Indiana
Public Service Commission against
the new long distance telephone
rates ordered by Postmaster General
Burleson and issued statement cri-
ticising government control of wire
communication syHems and Post
master General Burleson's acts
The new rates are not being col
lected in Indiana because of a tenn
porary restraining order issued by
Judge A. r. Anderson of the United
States district court. There will be
hearing in the case next Tuesday.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
FULL TEXT or PLAN
BY PRESIDENT WILSON

Paris, Jan. 90. tby The Associated
Press. )-The full text of the official
communication issued by the supreme
council this afternoon reads:
The president of the United states
the prime ministers and the foreign
ministers of the allied and associated
powers and the Japanese representa-
tives met at the Quai D'Orsay he
tween 8 and $3.50 this afternoon aud
approved the proposal OF President
Wilson which reads as follows
The single object the representa-
tives of the associated powers have
had in mind in their discussions of
the course they should pursue with
regard to Russia has been to help
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
(By Morning Journal

Coblenz. Jan. %, (by The Associat-
ed Press THE Krupp plant at Ess-
en- began working for the United
States government Tuesday. The
task undertaken by the krupps con-
sists of making parts for seventy-two
incomplete cannon, rejected by the
American authorities as part of the
war ma .erial offered by the Germans
under the terms of the armistice.
The German commission which has
been in Berlin considering the ques-
ton of the heavy guns turned down
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
$500. 900 Worth OF Furs Sold.

st. Louis, Mo-, Jan. 22.-Total sales
for the International fur auction at
noon today were more than $2,50O,-
600, this mornings sales being unim-
portant furs and the sessions total
reaching only $106,932. For $4,000
civets, $55,6S9 was bid; 10000 house
cats went at s9,500; $50 hair seals
brought $4,000; 1,400 bear skins sold
at s2O,sS0 and 1870 polar bear skins
brought s2,400. Ermine and silver fox
were offered during the afternoon.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
LEAGUES WORK AIMED
TO ELECT LOYAL MEN

Washington. Jan. 22.-Edwin Har-
vey, publicity director of the Ma
tional Security league, testified to-
day before the house committee in
vestigating the league that during
the educational campaign conducted
last fall to return 100 per cent
Americans to congress- 100 news
papers throughout the country were
supplied with news matter and edi-
torials concerning the preparedness
records of congressman.
The literature was distributed
without regard to the political faith
of the newspapers. he said and near
" all made use of 1t.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
PRICES MAY BE
GREATLY OEMORALIZED

Salt Lake City, Utah, Jan. 22.-I)r.
S. w. Mcclure, secretary of the Ma
tional Wool Growers association left
here today for Washington, where he
will protest against an alleged
threatened move to persuade the
government to sacrifice its entire
wool stock Such action, DR.. Mcclure
said today, would mean unlimited dis
aster to the wool growers.
To throw the wool now in govern
ment hands on the market would SO
lower the price that wool growers
would receive next year according to
DR.. Mcclure. that they would be
forced to sell at a loss and would be
at the mercy of spectators.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
THE SERPENT'S TRAIL
How Ida Won Seydlitz, Russian Authoress, Un-
knowingly Served as One of the Links in the
Chain That Led From the Kaiser's Spy Pay
master to the Russian Traitor.

Il
ms % @ daem h % ,ne M secret ret files of orney General r. New
isad daily ana sunday nstamens Ida scyl1
her
part became involved IN German the
preventing shipment Of ytaly
this
whole slim.
nstamcnt
nan are ccOntin inucd
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
GENERAL OFFENSIVE
APPEARS IMMINENT
Weather Is Clear and Cold and
lnfantrymen Cannot Be Out
DOORS Artillery Action Is
Continuous,
BOLSHEVIk FORCES
ARE BADLY BEATEN

{. London, Jan. 22.--The Bolshe-
" vik forces in northern Russia
g have suffered severe defeat
" according To adviees received by
!: the Exchange Telegraph COM
Q pany from Copenhagen. The dis
" patch adds that great peasant
o revolts have been reported from Z
9 many parts of the country and
o that the Boishevlk commander Z
Q ordered his troops to surrender ,
o the town OF Sinoveff without Z
. fight.
q
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
Krupp Plant Begins Work For
America; Parts of u Cannon
Rejected by y. s. Are to be Made
npccial Leased Wirel

special IchsCd W1r6J
by the American authorities. has ar
rived at Coblenz and reported that
eighty cannon have been shipped to
the headquarters of the American
army of occupation to replace big
guns which failed to meet require
ments. With the delivery of the
parts for the seventy-two cannon and
the arrival of the other eighty, the
delivery of heavy artillery to the
Americans win have been completed
The American allotment called for
one hundred and fifty-two heavy
guns.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
Ehhhorn Soon 10 BE Taken.

London, Jan. 22.-The Berlin police
have surrounded the hiding place of
former Chief of Police Eichhorn and
it is expected that ne will be taken
into custody in the near future, ac-
cording to a Copenhagen dispatch to
the Exchange Telegraph company.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
NO PURPOSE EXPLOIT
RUSSIA DR. 16S7TEMPT
TO DICTATE WHAT FORM
GOVERNMENT SHALL TAKE
ALL ORGANIZED GROUPS ASKED TO
SUSPEND H0ST|L|T|ES AND MEET
WITH ENTENTE REPRESENTATIVES.

official Bulletin of Conference at Paris Adopts Policy Toward
Muscovites Outlined by American President; Revolution
Against Autocracy Is Fully Recognized and No Counter
Revolution Is Encouraged; Stable Democracy Is Desired
and Associated Powers Will Assist in Composing the Diff
ferences Among Slavic People II Opportunity Is Given
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
LOCAL REPORT.

: A summary of local conditions for
the "a hours ended at 6 p. m. We'd
nesoay, follows: Maximum tempera-
ture, So degrees; minimum, 16;
range. 26; Temperature at 6 p. M,
20; north wind; clear.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
New Mexico Legislature Seems
to Have Baked at Attempt
to Have Presidents Scheme
Officially Approved,
DRY RESOLUTION is
SIGNED BY SEDlLL0
Pen With Which Speaker Af-
fixes Signature Is Presented
to Representative Baca, the
Father of the Measure,

ESPECIAL RisPhTCH 10 MoRN,Na Jou~NsLt
Santa Fe, n. NJ. Jan. 22.-Presi-
dent Wilson'S proposed league Of ma
tons plan has proved unpopular in
both houses of the New Mexico leSis-
laturc. After a resolution endorsing
the plan had been referred to COM
mittee in the house Monday, the SEN
ate today effectively pigeonholed
like resolution over the protest of the
democratic side, The senate resoIu-
tion was introduced by Senator G.. G,
Smith, who attempted to have it pass
ed under suspension of the rules. His
motion to suspend the rules was met
with substitute motion by Senator
Clark to refer 1t to the proper COM
mittee. Senator Smith spoke against
the substitute, explaining the purpose
of his resolution and declaring the
question before the Sc late was wheth-
er it would back up the president of
the United States or desert him by
pigeon -holIng the resolution.
The republican members Of the
hnpen sntifitd inc"aHpitsas Y lotttng
the substitute go to a vote without dis
senting, and the result was that the
resolution went to committee by a
strict party vote of 1s to 10. where it
is conceded if will lie during the rest
of the session.
A resolution inviting President Will
son to visit the state as the guest of
the legislature and Governor on his
proposed tour of the country. was
Dassed ,lnter suspension of the rules
without opposition. 1t was intro
duced nv Senators A V Incero and
L c Mersfelder.
resolution passed earlier in the
dav NV the house nrovidine for me-
morial services in honor of the late
col. roosevelt was nassed by the sem
ate under suspension of the rules. The
senate was in session inst one hour.
No hills were introduced
p,,nos,,l,,,;o, c;o,,cd
Tho bo,,ea mot in tho forenoon but
hoId t,,,,,,o, ,as,;a, several
hiIi, ,nero introdnced tha sneaker
.i,r,,o1 ~ inint resel,ttn, ratifyin,, Tho
,,ttio,., .ohihitie,,, a,,,e,.,1n,o,,t md
.,tens tn,nara boldi,,s tho memorial
sor,.;o,,, t., ,,a,,,,. ~ SI,l,o.,dora pooso.
,.oit ,-,aro toi,a,, rban tI,a ho,,so id
o,,rros !, aia O., o,,t of resnact 70 tho
,,,o,,,or,. ,e a. I,te conator Iobn a
cordo, ~ Cal,nn ,fto,. nassina the
,oenI,,tio, IN Ne bo,or nasead tho con
~ ,,os,n,.5ay
,rho ,,i,,nir, ~ ~ atio,.t nrob;hi-
t,on' amend,oent ,,at. without more
,tn,, ,,s,,,,I s,,,n,,lit,, cnaakar codillo
,ho ~ ,s,,,,I an',roa,,,a,,t. .nd
,ftor afriy;ns, h;s ,a,,a ,,roeented The
,, ,,,;t,, ..hsot, ~ ,.,a,s.,,ro no s,iar
"a 10 pnon nf canto Ea tho a,,tbor of
~ rosnl,,tio,,
Tha nasol,,tion ro,,;d,,a for Tho
pooso,,ait ,,,an,nr,.I sar,ines n,os in
,,odrood ~, tha Iata for,,, 81. ,,rosident's
aan,nanion il, orn,s NIaior I.owellvn
ana Isidora a,n,iin rha da+a for Tho
anu lSluOIe ACHllJO. IHe udtt lOl tue
memorial Is fixed at 9 O'Clock in the
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-01-23
THE WEATHER
FORECAST

Denver, Jan. 22--For New Mexico
and Arizona: Thursday and Friday
fair; not much change in tempera-
ture.
The Butler weekly times and the Bates County record. (Butler, Mo.) 1918-1950, 1919-03-20
U. S. Soldiers Raid Japanese Con-
sulate, Attack Cons II.

Pekin. March IA serious en-
counter occurred at Tien Tsn
Wednesday between japanese ard
American soldiers. c},llninatin ,
Thursday in American marines as
caulting the .lapane>e Consul, who
was seriously injured.
The trouble originated i'll a dls"r-
derby resort in the Japanese conce'-
sion. The Japanese police. lceilN.
their force was inadequate to deal
with the American disturbers OF the
peace, called upon Japanese so diers,
who, with fixed bayorets, elected the
Americans, vounding two Of them
seriously.
The next day American soldiers,
when off duty. paraded in the Japan
csc concession, hitting every Japanese
head on sight. They ultimately en-.
tered the Japanese Consulate AVID
dragged out the Consul, who was Sc
verely maltreated The consuls are
meeting to discuss methods OF deal
ing with the awkward situation.
The Butler weekly times and the Bates County record. (Butler, Mo.) 1918-1950, 1919-03-20
Germans Accept Terms and Will Get
Food.

Paris. March 15.-The GerrW,
ENJOYS al Brussels have agreed to- al
conditions imposed by the Allies in
connection with the iood shipments
to that country, il was announce to-
day
German exports will be con':nr | to
raw materials, such as coal pH'aSl
and 4 number Of dye materials.
They Will not be permitted to acquire
any commercial advantage over The
French and Belgians. German ships
will be used temporarily as part pay
ment Tor food, the remainder - be
paid in cash.
Herbert Hoover announced here
is sufficient food already stored i'll
Europe ~ start revictualing Ger
many, which will receive about TO-
600 tons month.
Dispatches yesterday said the M,
HE'D HE'D eeenetf4ie had presented
its program. permitting the Germans
to make interrogations for claritica-
tons OF its provisions but rcfusin., to
discuss them with the enemy repre-
sentativeS.
The Allied program provides tor
immediate food shipments into Ger
many, continuing until the new Ger
man crops are available i'll August.
Part Ct the German ships will be
used to carry home thousands CT
American fighters.
The Butler weekly times and the Bates County record. (Butler, Mo.) 1918-1950, 1919-03-20
List of Letters

Remaining uncailcd for in the
Post Office At Butler, Mo. Tor the
week ending March 10. 1919:
Mr.. Craven Cameron, MIR. 1. NJ.
Curbow. Farrell 4 Son, MIR: b. v.
kimber, Mr.. Frank Mayer, Mr.. w:
b. Nance. Mr.. c. O. Owens. Richard
X. Phelps. Mr.. Tom Shakley. Mr.. and
Mrs. Geo. l.. Smith, Mr.. Fred Smith
Mr.. T. w. Taylor. MIR. John Vannat-
tan, Mrs. Mike Cannon, Mrs. [. w.
Daniel. Mrs. Joe Dye. Miss Susie
Kaudle. Mrs. Cora Mechanics. Mrs.
Cozzie Osborne. Miss Gene Pc die
cord. Mrs. Roy Thomas.
These letters will be sent to the
dead letter office April I. 1910. if not
delivered before. In calling for the
above, please say Advertised" Civ
ing date of list.
]. F.. Williams, Postmaster.
The Butler weekly times and the Bates County record. (Butler, Mo.) 1918-1950, 1919-03-20
Wives Lost in Election.

Orion, Mich. March 12.-U,e II
the most interesting contests in the
United States was decided Monday
when three loving husbands van
quished three loving wives who as
pired for political honors
Mrs. Belle Anderson was candidate
for president of the village. against
her husband. Byron d. Anderson.
Mrs. lone Allen ran for clerk against
her husband. Fred d. Allen, while
Sarah Murphy was candidate to'
assessor against Herbert Murphy.
her husband.
The strength OF the much Haunted
women's machine proved to imag,n-
airy, and the husbands were winners
by large margin.
WELL" declared the defeated wo-
men, the jobs stay in the family,
anyway.
The Butler weekly times and the Bates County record. (Butler, Mo.) 1918-1950, 1919-03-20

BY Clerk in Vacation. In the
Circuit Court Of Bates county. Mis-
souri,. May Term. 1919.
Elmer O. Mccain. Plaintiff.
1. Florence L. Afford. Arab, lie S.
Anderson. Della Hirni, Sar;h l..
Barrows, Theodore Barrows. Viii
fam V. Barrows, Susan +. Bar
rows. ii they and each OF them be
living and if they or any one or
more Oi.them be dead, then the
unknown consorts, heirs, devisees,
donees. alienees. immediate me>ne,
remote. voluntary and involun-
tary grantees, respectively, OF such
Of said defendants as may be dead
2. J. ]. Laruc. if he be living and ii
he be dead, then his unknown n
sort, heirs. dcviseeS, d ,nee>,
aliences, and immediate. mesu+
remote. voluntary and involuntary
grantees.
3. John B. Durand and Walter Dur
and. ii they and each of them be
living. and if they or Their i
them he dead. then the unknown
consorts, heirs. devisees, donee>,
alenees, and immediate, mesh
remote. voluntary and invol 'ntary
grantees of the one or both nt
them that may be dead.
/. John n Barrows.
Defendants.
The State of Missouri to the above
named or described defendants cal
Of whom. save John n. Barr W.. ar
non-rcsilents of the State OF Ms
souri, and cannot be served with tn.
ordinary process OF law in this
State) greeting:
You are hereby notified that an
action has been commenced tainst
YOU in the Circuit Court Of Bate :
County. Missouri. affecting the title
to the following described lands and
tenements in said Bates Comfy,
Missouri, to-wit:
The Southeast Quarter of Sei-
ton Fourteen CD, the South
half of the Northeast Quarter OF
Section Twenty-Five t22,. the
North hall of Section Twenty
three 2'): all Of said lands be-
ing located in Township thirty
eight .sS) OF Range Thirty 800.
containing SO acres. more or
less.
Which said action is rcturna;alc
on the first day "i next term ii sad
Court, to be held at the Court House
in the City OF Butler, County ana
State aforesaid, on the fourth Mon
day in May, 1910. when and where
yo,l may appear and answer. It
l,,t1 ,nrn Iptt,,I ,tI .ar,NI>,i I'll. =