davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-10-23
Southern Girl Industry

The making of Muscadlne grape pro- for southern club girls, if plans now be- ing made by the home demonstration agents of the department of agriculture in the south are fulfilled.
 Muscadne grapes are native to all the southern coast states and they con stitute the bulk of the grape crop in that territory. Until recently, however little commercial use has been made of them, the fresh grapes can not be shipped successfully. When a Muscadine grape is ripe enough for table use it falls from the stem
 During the last decade much experi- menting relative to these grapes growth and use has been done on the North Car olina experiment station farm at Willard For the purpose Of spreading this infor- nation a seminar was held at Willard the second week in September At this meeting were district extension agents from the states where Muscadine grapes grow plentifully. The weeks course of instruction was for the purpose of pre- paring the home economic workers to teach the women and girls of the south the culture of these grapes and the man ufacture of marketable products from them. Afternoons were spent in the FIHeydfuS, SluuylnS the ulIleFenC Narle- ties, their care, and methods of prun- ing. Morning hours were devoted to the making of the grape juice. which is a particularly attractive looking and tast- ing drink of amber color, and to the util- ization of the by-products fnom the juice in the preparation of vinegar, jelly, pastes, marmalades. sauces and catsups.
 Cuttings will be given to the southern club girls for prizes in localities where the grapes do not at present. and instruction on the making of salable grape products will be furnished the girls in all the coast states this coming year.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-10-23
By c. E. RUSHING

Editor Nebraska Ruralist: Tn order to make first-class butter. we must begin with the cows before they are mixed. Be sure that they are clean. that the milker is clean. and the re- cepta ble holding the milk is clean. Have the milking place as clean and sanitary as possible When the weather will permit, the milking should be done in the open Before beginning the milk brush all dust and litter from the cows body an1 wipe down the udder with damp cloth. Milk one stroke of milk from eacn teat cn the ground before milking in the pail This will wash out any filth or impurities that may have accunlu- lated in the opening of the teat. Clean. liness from start to finish is the gov erning factor in making good butter. Many of the "off flavors" so common ly found in butter can be traced to some cause that can easily be con- trolled by the dairyman. There is al ways an excellent market for the finer grade of butter. but bad flavors will always cause butter to grade low.
 Sometimes bad odors in butter are due to feeds the COW takes into the body. Wild onions will make the but ter and milk unfit for use. Some roots will give the butter an unsavory odor Weeds will taint the butter, and dur ing the summer months many COWS are forced to eat them. Such feeds as taint the milk and butter should be given after milk, and some dry feed given two to three hours before milk ing.
 Milk products absorb odors of all kind very readily and for this reason should never be left uncovered for any length of time. in close, poorly ven- tilated stables.
 After everyprecaution toward clean liness has been taken in drawing the milk, the separator Is the next factor to consider. Every part should have been washed. scalded and stunned be fore it was used again. The separator cannot be cleaned by merely running not water through. If it is not kept properly cleaned and aired, it will de- veiop sickening kind of odor that is sure to contaminate the milk and butter.
 a clean separator the cream should be cooled at once Never mix warm cream with cold. There is always some bacteria that will get into the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-10-23
GOOD BUTTER ON THE FARM

, surface of the cold cream. and it only needs to be warmed up by the fresh cream to begin to multiply. So long as the cream is kept cool, the germs will be inactive.
 If the cream is kept properly cooled it can be kept on hand several days before churning. It is best 10 churn at least twice a week The cream should be kept at a temperature of at least 60 60sdegrees or colder if possible.
 Keep the cream as sweet as pos sible until about 24 hours before churning time. Don't add any fresh cream later than this. Add one cup ful of starter" to each gallon of cream The starter may be made by setting the skim milk up to form a curd. Stir the cream occasionally while ripening. When it is ready to churn it will have S sharp, acid taste and a smooth, velvety appearance.
 The barrel churn is good type to use iE making butter. First scald with boiling water and then rinse with cold water before the cream is put in. The churn should never be more than half full of cream.J
 Churn at a temperature of 55 to 5S negroes Tn summer ana 6U b5 degrees in winter. Operate the churn with uniform. moderately fast motion, and the butter should come in 20 to 30 min utes
 When the butter granules are the size of wheat. draw off the milk and add about the same amount of clear, cold water. Give the churn a few revo- lutions and draw Soff the water. Re- peat this process until the water comes off clear.
 Remove the butter to bowl and salt with only the best grade of salt, using about an ounce of salt to each pound of butter. Salt adds flavor to the butter and increases it's keeping qualities. It is very important that the salt be evenly distributed through the butter.
 The butter must be properly worked if it goes as "first-class goods" Too much working will make it salvy and greasy. Only work it until 1t forms a waxy and firm condition. When cold mould into pound brick-shaped prints The butter will look more at tractive if wrapped in oiled or parcn ment paper and will help to sell it at fancy price.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-10-23
.E3H;ass= AGE-HERALDS FARM PAGES Ezz::.
BOYS AND GIRLS CLUBS COM MUN NIFTY CENTERS
Slack Filled Cans

Federal food inspectors have been dn- structed to watch for interstate sfAp- ments of canned foods which have been slack filled; that is, which contain too much water and too little solid food. Of- ffoaals of the bureau of chemistry. United States department of agriculture, who are charged with the enforcement of the federal food and drugs act, say that ac- ton under the law will be taken against violators.
 The practice of slack filling food cans, in the opinion of the officials, is demor- alizing to the trade and unfair to the consumer. To put a full can in cons- petition with a slack-flled can places the honest canner at disadvantage. The consumer almost invariably receives more for his money when buying a full can than when buying slack filled can even though he pays a higher price for the full can. In some instances, how ever, when the canner sells his slack filled can as for the full can. In such cases both the canner and the dealer share in unfair profits at the expense of the consumer.
 Putting excess Aquid in cans adds un- Decessary expense in canning, storing, and shipping, since the excess liquid re- unfres more cans and increases freight and storage ChargeS all along the line through tho hands of the canner, broker, the whoa esale and the retail grocer. Since this additional and useless expense Is borne invariably by the consumer, it adds ks part to the high cost of living.
 The bureau of chemistry has conducted Investigations to determine the exact amount of solid food of various fruits and vegetables that be placed most economically and efficiently in the stand ard sized cans in order that the fill of can may be standardized. Stnndardiza- ton of canned goods, with reference to both quality and quantity. tends to sta bf1ize values. The results of these in vestigations have been distributed widely among canners. Federal inspectors have visited as many canneries as practicable during the canning season to supplement the written reports with personal in- structions.
 It is the intention, say the officials. to invoke the full power of the food and drugs act to stop the shipment into inter- state and foreign commerce of slack filled cans The federal food and drugs act. however, does not apply to canned foods consumed within the state where canned Such canned goods are con- trolled entirely by state laws The food officials are of the opinion that there is no excuse whatever for any canners to continue the un- economical and unfair practice of slack filling cans.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-10-23
Let the Hogs Help

Let the hog harvest be a part of the corn. There is no place where a hog win make more gain from a bushel Of corn than right in the cornfield harvest ing it himself It costs as much to harvest crop as 1t does to grow it, antl the saving in labor to say nothing of the gain per bushel, is a great item in this time of labor scarcity and high cost of farm production.
 Pigs of about 1o1 pounds weight will make the best use of the cornheld. When they have reachsd that weight and the corn is ready they can be turned in after getting on full feed" They can be brought to full feed grad ualy and in the course of 10 days or two weeks be ready to go into the corn. Get them accustomed to the corn by first cutting some corn, stalks and all, and throwing it to them on pasture grad ually increasing the feed.
 It is well to fence off part of the corn field and hog it off before the corn is ripe. then set the fence over taking in another plot and so on until the hogs are finished. This prevents the pigs from tearing down the corn faster than they clean it up. A temporary fence can be built through the cornfield by using 26- inch woven wire fence. Cut off each alternate hill of corn at about three feet high in the row where the fence should be, unroll the wire along this row, set the wire up along the row of corn, set ting in over the hills that cut off. This places the fence on one side of one hill in the row and on the opposite side of the next hill. weaving it, so to speak
 Now break over the top of the cut stalks and tuck them into the mesh of the fence. This holds the fence i'll place and the hogs will not get out, providing IL It doesn't take much fencing to hold pigs if they have enoush to eat.
 Pigs do not make economical gains on corn alone They must have protein feed also An ideal combination for fat tening hogs is a cornAed and an alfalfa field so the hogs can have their choice corn or clover Corn and bean combination is being provided for pigs more each year by hog feeders where soy beans do well, by planting corn and beans together.
 If no legune feed is available the hogs should have tankage. There is no bet ter way to feed tankage to hogs in the cornfield than to place it in self-feeders and allow the hogs access to it.
 When there is an abundance of alfalfa, clover. beans or legume pasture, it is doubtful whether in the long run it pays to feed additional pasture in the form or tankaSe to, plSa after they nave reached l25 pounds in weight.
 When the rainy season comes the hogs can be taken out Of the cornfeld until it dries off bit. Provision should be made for this to prevent the hogs from muddying so much corn.
 Hoggng down corn is twentieth century practice and should be made use of more~than it is.
 After the fattened hogs are out of the cornfeld, turn the sows and little pigs in and let them gather up the crumbs.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-10-23
Don't Neglect the Boys

culture the state agricultural coll, iiss and other agencies for the promotion of better farming are spending considerable money in club work among boys.
 Does it pay? Here is the opinion of Dr. Thomas F. Hunt, dean and director of the college of agriculture, University. of California;:
 "The college of agriculture did not, in my opinion, get as effective results from any other equal sum of money which it expended it did from the amount of money spent on boys clubs.
 "These clubs have been running long enough for us to have some knowledge of their influence on the future lives of the boys concerned. I think I am well within the mark when I say that for the amount of money expended we get the greatest human results.'
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-10-23
Grasses of the U. s.

It should be worth something to the farmer to know about all the species of grasses that are native. have been intro duced. or are cultivated in the United States. The United States department of agriculture has recently issued that in formation In Bulletin 772. Under each genus are given the species that are of economic importance, either as useful or harmful grasses. The grains, of course, are of greatest importance Next come those that are cultivated for meadow or pasture and other indigenous species that furnish pasture on native pastures and ranges.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-10-23

Nine hundred and ninety-seven cut, ting tools alone are required in mann- featuring a modern rifle. The tw,s! drill is one of the busiest of these. To supply 100000 rifles. 94,000,o0o hoies must be drilled.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-04-24
EWREP0RTS
FROM COUNTY
No Accurate Estimate But
Loan Drive Seems Prog
ressing in Good Shape.

AS no reports have yet been asked
of the townships it is impossible to
give n accurate estimate Of the
amount raised throughout the county
thus far in the drive, said MI. E. ].
Lander, county chairman, this after
noon. The sale of bonds is progress
ing fairly well judging from what few
scattered reports have been. received.
All townships of the county were
we'll organized at the beginning Of the
drive and it is up to each individual
district to do its full share in the
campaign. No effort is being made
to crowd the drive in the county ow-
ing to the fact hat in many sections
the progress has been delayed because
of seeding.
1t has, however, been urged upon
the various townships hat the drive
be completed at the latest by May /.
This extension Of time in the county
will allow five more days for the dis
trict to meet their apportionment of
the county quota
Word was received this afternoon
from w. r. Forbes, chairman at Gil
by. that, the sale of bonds in that To-
cality is progressing finely and that
the workers there expect to finish up
by the end Of this week. Mekinock
township oversubscribed its quota
early in the drive and reports from
Reynolds show that little difficulty IL
being experienced in that locality
Niagara workers expect to complete
the drive by the end Of this week,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-04-24
M ay0r Explains
Estimate Upon
Sanitary Work

Mayor H. NJ. Wheeler today issued
"A statement explaining an apparent
misunderstanding regarding his views
on the los Of the proposed 'combina-
ton of, the various branches Of the
city public health service under one
health officer for the city.
His statement follows.
Editor Herald:
In this mornings Herald DR.. Long
in a signed Communication, mistaken
ly or otherwise, reads in my message
something not there. The message
reads without additional expense"
This he CONSTITUTES into a saving Of
$3.100. In my explanation afterward
given to the Council 1 said we were
now expending this sum annually in
this work and. that l thought we
might by the proposed change of plan
secure greater efficiency without in
crease of expenditure.
The change we contemplate is no
new experiment but has been in use
for months and years in many cities
and is strongly urged by all welfare
and Public Health journals as being
a desideratum to be put in use as soon
as financially possible.
We thank the doctor for his esti.
mates Of costs gratuitously furnished.
They differ somewhat from u own
but are doubtless valuable.
Very truly. :
III. NJ. Wheeler.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-04-24
FURNITURE BIDS
ARE CONSIDERED
Board of Education May
Award Contracts Friday
Morning.

The board Of education of Grand
Forks met Wednesday night and the
session continued today for the con-
sideration of bids for the furniture for
the new high school building. 1t is
probable that no contracts will be
awarded before Friday morning.
Firms bidding are: Boutell Bros.
Minneapolis; Northern School supply
company, Fargo; NJ. Norman. Grand
Forks, and the Colborn School Supply
company, Grand Forks.
The bids are for pupils and teach
ers desks, seats. chairs. tables and all
the furniture necessary to equip. the
new chool building in the most mod
ern way. The board is carefully con-
sidering all bids Of the firms and the
session Wednesday night adjourned
to meet this morning, continuing
through the afternoon.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-04-24
FOUR SENIORS
AWARDED KEYS
Results of Phi Beta Kappa
Elections Announced at
State University.

Announcement Of the election of
Constance stegenga of Mott. Eliza
beth Kelly of Grand Forks, Mabel
Field Of EdinBurg, and Grace Loughin
of Grand Forks, of the 1919 gradu-
ating class in order of names, given,
to the University of North Dakota
chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, the Oldest
scholarship fraternity of the world,
was made by President T. F. Kane at
the state university c~onvocation serv-
ices this morning at Woodwork audi
torium. Fls
In making announcement President
Kane explained that the annual cus-
tom was to name the first four MEM
bers elected to Phi Beta Kappa at
the Founders day exercises. but be-
cause OF the unusual conditions pre-
vailing throughout the year, the cleo
ton itself had to. be deferred until
after the close Of the first quarter Of
school work. y
Election to Phi Beta Kappa is con
sidered a signal honor as the members
are selected after consideration of
scholarship and Of the part played in
student activities by members Of the
graduating class. One-sixth of the
members Of each class are eligible to
membership, the first four people be-
ing picked early in the school year
and the last quota selected in June at
the time of graduation.
AS. the 1913 class of the university
numbers approximately 60 people,
there. will probably be six more mem
bers elected at commencement time.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-04-24
KNEESHAW IS
MADE A MAJOR
Former University Student
Receives Second Promo
ton in Army.

Stanley Kneeshaw. son Of Judge
and Mrs. w. J. Kneeshaw OF Pembina.
now in France with the A. e. F., has
been promoted to the rank of major
in the medical corps, U. S.. amy, ac-
cording to word received today by
Judge K~neeshaw.
Major Kneeshaw entered the medi-
cal service at the beginning Of. the
war with the rank of first, lieutenant.
Later he wa promoted to captain and
commanded field hospital Mo-: 1858 at
the front throughout the great Ar
come drive.
He was recommended for promo
ton to major before the signing Of the
armistice, but the cessation of. hos
tilities delayed action on the part of
the war department and he has just
received his higher rank.
In the letter received by Judge
Kneshaw; which was dated April s,
Major Kneeshaw stated that he was
now stationed at Brest. He also said
that he had been granted two weeks
leave Of Habsence and expected to visit
Italy.
Major Kneeshaw is we'll known .in
Grand Forks. having attended the
state university before going to Rush
medical school in Chicago His par
ents max their home in Grand Forks
during a large part of each year.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-04-24
CHILDREN TO
HONOR FRANCE
Movement Started in Coun.
ty Pay Tribute to French
Heroes.

Schools throughout this county may
celebrate May day as a Franco-Amer-
ican festival at which time honor will
be paid to the heroes of the French
republic as we'll as to the American
heroes, according to NJ. Beatrice John
stone, county superintendent of
schools for Grand Forks county.
The movement which was first put
forward by Hon. Myror T. Herrick.
former United States ambassador to
France, is being taken up throughout
the country and has been formally
sanctioned by many of the governors.
The idea of celebrating the festival is
to cement more firmly the friendship
Of the children Of the two republics,
and just now the American commit
tee for devastated France is working
on the plan.
Miss tombstone expressed herself
in favor of the. movement. and today
said that an effort will be made inn
mediately throughout the county
schools to celebrate the day in a fit
ting manner The original plan is to
have the children furnish a program
Of songs and speeches and display
both American and French flags.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1919-04-24
WAR MOTHERS
AIDING DRIVE
Books Now Reaching Public
Library-M Many More
Are Needed.

The Grand Forks chapter Of the
War Mothers OF America will not let
our soldiers be disappointed. Word
reached the chapter that little or no
response was being made to the APP
peal for fiction for the boys overseas.
With quick sympathy, these women
took up the cause and at noon today
the city librarian reported that al
ready books are beginning to come
into the library.
Strenuous measures must be taken
if Grand Forks is not to fall down
completely on this occasion. During
the week every issue of the newspa-
pers of the city has carried a plea for
books for the soldiers. Either the
people of the two cities have failed to
read these articles. OF the post-bellum
torpidity has set in. The time set for
the completion of the collecting was
today, but several additional days
must be added. Only 1900 are asked
for-less than one book to every ten
residents of one city alone. The need
for the books is so great that more
than the prescribed quota will not be
refused.
Books should be taken at once to
the nearest school building or to the
university. or city library.