davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23
IOWA PRESS COMMENT.

Ws-s-50o Times Tribune: If the re-
r-.zsczz parry thinks that either
ycE-zC-- E5rah OF Polndsxter, by the
Ezr-ys chances fer success in 1890,
z4tto- for president
Gear Rzpsds Republican: We are
AFRAID eEat Erother Taft received sew
ezS Shoes Ehen ne read those Bull
III -evela4ioas- Brother Taft had
t,ee- clothing some other men IN ms
owz good thoughts.
ssble7 Tribune. The world war was
teigzra II as z result Of il com
rsc+ ec- permanent peace is not made
Fss--s-eu the nations Without II there
ID 10 winner Of the Ear. All are alike
logerH f. blood and treasure,
Gear Rapids Gazette: Consress
-s- Good Es one Of those who seems
70 thsnk the president has the power
i, srrsn cut I'll cur economic difficus
.ses Congressman Good is all right
sst Ee's merely pursuing the easiest
e11rEe. Buck passing has become &
fzro-Fte game IN many other places
tsazr 81 the army.
Z cze City Bulletin: While we Oh.
agree with Senator Kenyon's concur
10. regarding the league OF nations
ezyyenz1t ard contrary 10 his state.
-osrst we hare read Il all and studied
7. esos@fy--~e DO admire the tone OF
.afs s-seeh fn the senate in which ne
.6sys5szreS the sentiment OF q united
ssst@ eogld not sway him from his
st2.s, tzeed Oh al honest conv1ctson.
Ye.yo-'s judgment may be poor al
staS@s. argt he Is honest suaaHhs'
I s2yw&rS, aad growing.
Sss1aa rgpper Des Moines -Rernoif'
eass n was ezsy for the profIteers 10
saeree es &eifeye anything about tne
Seg2s stostage year ago out Wheh
Dizzy DgJl ~ sssf nov and al Gu; lew
~ 0ef s>y5dsera are home X LOOKS IKE
@14gYer IN the fence.
84ssss ssyxn Times Republican,
kIae ~ rsae surest methods Of Csians
3 ssNsa1sr Day ls 10 work hard ana
as44 <sslss for few years and ne
.fgs4ts., ~ your own hours. Lots or
+ 49, s.zs9 fersrd that effective,
Z <g.5usse5z gs7Effs NcnpareiE President
T - sssl1s mat rs the people are
s1s ~ eyYe1art. This is the re3crS
.5.s.ss n s<2t Ont by correspondents
.t45 - 4gzSn We'd be willing 20 Get
80 saoz4y " The proposition that
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

The idea that oafins is happiness seems to have domi-
the mind of the who figured dreamed out the
hereafter Heaven is held place where nobody
works This means that everybody oafs Can the human
the nonotony of eternal ideness? NO
harder job than ne who does nothing
doing nothing. My notion Of heaven would
be place where everybody kept busy doing something
usefui-Bert Moses.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23
PEACE MISSION EXPENSES.

The house appropriations committee has re-
fused the presidents request for eight hundred
and twenty-five thozsand dollars 10 pay ont
standing bills of our peace commissioners af
Paris. The committee was totally unable TO OBJ
tain either from the white house or the state
department any detailed information Is 10 how
the money would be spent, and proposes 70 find
ont before il provides the funds. Il viii also
insist upon having the names 81 ali members
and attaches of the commission, 10 know what
service, if any, was performed By each o. t7ens,
what salaries they drew and 10 what expense
the government was obligated by the trips Of
their families 10 Europe
This Is entirely proper Congress feels that
il must scrutinize outgo with exceeding care.
for with the very best that 1t can do our annual
budgets must be close 10 FIVE billion dollars for
wears to come Lloyd George has told the Brit
ish ministers that If they cannot retrenels they
should resign; and If congress car do nothing 70
stop the reckless waste ri The last two gears, il
sees national calamity ahead
The expenses Of The peaee commissioners
have TINS far been paid ont IF the one hundred
and fifty millions plaeed IL The president =
hands for national 5eferse. Ont IT this fund
the astute Barney Baruca got the o1e hundred
and fifty thousand 6ollaxs slipped ~ him
Having been taken ere u 09t ri "dzsrs-
tionary fund.- he does noT aars " worry 0Ter
congressional action. 4 bsrd Ia tsse hand il
worth two in an appr0pylas1oa ss4 wzS@n has
not become law
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

world. the husband beng Vespoas
10; ozly for has wife. sug FOR Us
married sisters,
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

Senator Johnson comes nearer repre-
senting the sentiments OF the people
on the coast on the Japanese CUES
fion than Mr.. Wilson.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

Ecuador hiss population
mated al 1seA GOO, aa- an sTe!
lsD. eiaa zoe square -nises.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

The defenders N EEgs sea&se u ssta1gat
Americanigm can afFord " 1@aSssaaa esaesr ~
renity Their concern u for ~ ss$ass '~sstf&Fe
of the nation, regardless ~ st-s saaaa99aa4e ~
feet of their crusade Bpo8 Sas I>se@@z3 1Fea44Is
Of our "aII highest or tae fazs II ssgSeey party
liz the national eleetIo0s n I'M ~ As.e sea,
ators the issue is Anserjea, nd Try @*e fpt
America
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

The Serbian laws respecting Tomgn
are unsurpassed anywhere n The
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

The old adage about elIsE @29ss ElS w<yk
eight for sleep and eiehE s1s pig 8aaaas ~ pe
going into the discard,
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

If they hurry, they mn RI 4fae le2Zt1e ~ ~
lions peace treaty out II tss Es1a@s4f ~ 6faf9ss
mas.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

of its reports have been briefly considered by
congress, others have gone into the discard.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

Mr. Wilson is IeayIn2 ~ 5assas4 R4eqss21a ~
help along the league n Sas5Ds4l
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

<g>,.s.,fs Bluffs Ncnpareil: President
- fssl1s -tat 81 the people are
sos ~ egTeIart- This IS the Te0rr'
.,...l8a3 Il s<szt out by correspondents
100 - 4gzsn. We'd be willing 20 Get
80 .a1,,.-y " fas proposition that
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

Cs5a- Rapids Republican: We are
afraid tEat Erother Taft received sew
e-zI shoes Eten he read those Bul-
III evela1io-5-Brother Taft had
ose1 clothing some other men IN has
gwz good thoughts
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

B4ssss styxn Times Republican
eIa4 ~ rsae aurest methods al retansS
T. ssEAgfsr azy f. 10 work hard and
ssge <s1se for few years and "s
rsssts-s ~ your Own hours. Lots 81
49, ssse 9ens-d that effective,
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23

ssbley Tribune: The world war was
Z failure II as = result OF II com.
Esc- for permanent peace Is not mace
bs--een the nations Without II there
ID 10 winner Of the war. All are alike
losers f. blood and treasure.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-09-23
PRooF OF WILL.

State o. lsEa- Lee County SIS.
In District Court
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15

"Babs'' IL you can remember the
name of the girl who wrote those adj
dresses of girls in England I can trace
them for you
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15
ADVENTURES
OF THE TWINS
By Olive Roberty Barton

Went 90 the tdltlea Jan.
1t was quite a handsome affair and
1 wish L could tell you all about it. The
king wore purplish red velvet, h
color of sumach leaves in the fall,
and the Queen wore soft satin, glisten-
ing white like the inside of a milkweed
pod when it's ripe and all the other
little fairies wore yellow and brown
and green, for as the mushroom said,
they liked woodland colors.
! wish, too, that I could tell you
that the twins had a good time, and
behaved very well. But alas. Nick
spoiled It all! He was very naughty,
like so many little boys are at parties.
And III tell you what he did. When
they were playing drop the handker-
chief. the king dropped his handker-
chief behind a pretty fairy Nick liked
and Nick got cross and chased the
king and tweaked his coat tails and
knocked off his crown which made the
king angry.
So Nancy had to take Nick home In
disgrace. Wasn't It just toe bad?
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15

II you want something for q girl
friend why not make a pretty CANT
sole? Take one and one half yards
of lace and n and one half yards OF
vivid pink satin or crepe de chene
about eight or mine inches wide. Sew
the lace and material together with a
feather stitch. Have the seam under
one of the arms and not in the front
or back. Turn down about one half
an inch at the top and put ribben in
At and then you will not need any
eshoulder stran MS
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15
Causes of Meinorx,s stirring.

"HOw l love the smell of a wood
FIRE" is a common exclamation. Now,
there's nothing delightful about smell
of wood smoke, but, oh the memories.
The lavender sprigs in grandmother's
bureau drawer did much toward keep
Ing her memory green. Returning sea-
sons redolent with the fumes Of flow
ers and fruit are responsible for many
q homesick hour.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15

One of the finest casts that has ever
appeared in a Thomas H. Ince pro-
has been assembled for Enid
new picture, what Every
Woman Learns which will come to
the Ditmas Theatre today. The lead
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15
no. Ahes s,~es ENID BENNETT What Every WoHan Learns;
@CpanamoaaEaHuuf CDdaV

man is Milton Stills, who played
the chief part in THE Honor System"
THE Yellow Ticket" and was
the hero in the Paramount-Artcraft
Special. 1.-THE Woman Thou Gavest
Ne" Irving Cummings. who Will be
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15

Apes have Long Hair.
The black apes of Guinea have long,
silky hair, and their fur is used for
81 P1ppc
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15
Perth Amboy.

Perth Amboy.
"Dear Helen and Girls:
"As this Is my first letter to the
Among Us Girls Column" I will, like
all others, introduce myself. I am
about 4 1-2 feet tall have blonde hair,
brown eyes. 1 am in the eighth grade
High School.
IT am very sorry I haven't any re-
cipe or story to send in but perhaps
next time I will.
with love to all,
BEAUTY"
Welcomed Write soon again.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15

Parker-"Is your wife a woman Ia
took forward to something to worry
About7" Tucker-Yes. yes, indeed,
she ts-if 1t is In sty.e."--Judge.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15
Perth Amboy.

welcomed Write soon again.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15

sDear Helen:
Having all my homework finished
my thoughts few to the column and
wonder IL it's my turn to write again.
Don't you wish Helen, It would get
good and cold SO we could have some
skating? I enjoy 1t SO much and
sleighing isn't it good fun. Do you
skate. Mother took me to a lake call
ed Beaver Lake two a ago.. She
used to skate there when she was a
girl. It's a fine place to skate. Some
time mother is going to take me down
to Shrewbury river to see the Ice
boat races. I hope o will like the
poem / am sending it Is my very latest
/ think "Moonbeam" had a pretty
poem On last week such a nice long
one. After writing such a long poem
] will have to cut my letter short for
1t is time for me to hit the hay.
"You may not hear from me until
sitter Christmas and If you don't 1
wish you a very Merry Christmas, n
a Happy New Year.
Christmas.
Santa with his reindeer, Is now upon
his way.
TO visit all the boys and girls on joy
Gus Christmas Day.
And though his pack Is heavy a smile
lights UP his face.
AS he makes his way to the chimney
tops.
Down to the old fire place.
He fills each stocking to the top he
knows just what they need.
And hurries on to the next ones house
with a move that shows some
speed,
He has presents for the baby, and
Mother he'll ne'er forget,
For sister he has something nice she'll
be surprised / bet,
And brother how he'll shout fer joy
As his present looms in view
Santa knows just what he wants, a
basket ball so new.
And daddy, dear old dad he Will not
pass him by,
He'll leave something in his stock
ing.
That's sure to please his eye.
Dear old Santa, whom we all love,
As good and as true az the stars from
above.
He brings to each one a pack full of
joy.
TO gladden. the heart of each girl and
boy.
And now dear Santa my poem must
end.
I'll remember o always.
As q good and true friend.
BABE"
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15

remembered from Cecil b. De Miles
Don't Change Your Husband" has
the heavy role.
A favorite with two generations as
a novel, Told in the Hills has been
adapted to the screen and Is coming
to the Ditmas Theatre today as a
Paramount-Artcraft production with
Major Robert Warwick as the star.
No effort has been spared to make it
a picture of unusual merit. In the
supporting cast are Ann Little, Eileen
Percy, Wanda Hawley, Tom Forman,
Monte Blue and Hart Hoxie. The
scenes are photographed in the most
picturesque sections OF the Rockies,
and a whole tribe of full-blooded In
dams asst as extras.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15
Naughty Mich

dNAt ltJ Win
One day, It seemed quite by acct
dent, 4 leaf fluttered into Nancy's
hand. and when she and Nick looked
carefully they found it vas an enve-
lope with their James on it, and an In
vitation inside. The fairies we're going
to have a ball!
How splendid" cried Nancy.
But what shall l wear2 / can't go
in this old pink Bingham dress!"
Wasn't that just like a girl?
But Nick scorned the idea. "Pooh!"
he said, IF l cant go the way 1 am,
I'm not going at ALL"
Just then they heard a little voice.
IN sec to that, children!" 1t was
the magical mushroom. How would
green satin do? The fairies like wood
land colors. you know. And IL you
ask your green shoes you can be as
little as you like"
That will be fine, thank you" an
swered Nancy for them both. And so
that night the twins slipped off and
Perth Amboy evening news., 1919-12-15

"P. S.-If you are going to send the
address / wish you would send 1t to
the address on the back of the page. l
am enclosing a stamp.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1919-01-10

dleweight Benny Leonard's light
weight crown IS much sought.
Johnny kiloane, feather champ,
has rendered his resignation from
the army and Will re-enter the
game. Pete Herman's scalp Is
sought by the bantams.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1919-01-10
K. o. BROWN IS
REPORTED DEAD

Va CMORS OF the death Of Knockout
ER Brown, Chicago middleweisht
n a boxer Well known in Hammond
and Gary where he has fought, which
have been circulating around for several
days. were renewed yesterday with the
receipt Of a letter from Art Smith. form
or member Of the Arcade Gymna siuni.
but now a lieutenant in machine gun
company overseas. Smith wrote from
London. where the Greek athletes dea ii
IS supposed To have occurred. saying
that he had been informed that X Q.
Brown had been killed in fight with a
sentry.
The report apparently was further
certified by Louis Choromokos a close
friend Of Brown. who had been expect
ing the tighter here New Years eve.
s'heromokos had received a card from
the middloweisht dated December =. say
ing that he would be home 10 welcome
the new year. lie failed 60 come and
his absence is taken as an indication
that tho rumor Of his death may be true.
smiths letter was dated December II.
Smith then wrote that Brown had been
killed several days previously.
Brown went to France with 4 coast
artillery unit that trained in California.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1919-01-10
LEAGUE QUESTION
TAKES CONCRETE FORM
London Hears That Convic
tion Grows AS to Practic
ability Of the Plan.
Ey JACK vE1ocK


international News stan Correspondent.
NEW YORK. Jan m see no rea
son why baseball should not retain its
place as the foremost national game.
said John X. Tenor. former president of
the National league today
II believe baseball viii continue as in
past years. before the outbreak IF tho
var when ii enjoyed its greatest popu-
laritv and prosperity ne acted T
for one. am a lover Il the game. in-
tend to follow it and enjoy II as fan
Asked for his opinion regarding the
proposed change in the make UP of The
national baseball commission. the ~
National league head reserved commemt
Il have no opinion to express alons
the line Of reconstructing the commits
sion" he said hut If organized base-
ball should decide on one man CONF
mission 7 VIII say hat I know of no
man better fitted for the position than
John Hevdler
IN speaking of TIE relotion ~ the
war "a the players Tener expressed
pra ise for the PLAYERS Who went forward
when the nation entered ne counict and
said that it was his belief lat the play
ers arc as LOYAL as anybody of men
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1919-01-10
WHITING
To MEET
STREAT()R
Cracking Good Game Billed
for H. S. Auditorium
This Week End.
IsrEcAI TO THE TluHs. i

ISTECIAT. To TIE TT,fEsI
WHITING. IND. Jan. Ia.-The Fed
Crowns Owls heavyweight basketball
squad, goes UP against some real stun
when they meet the speedy streator.
Ill. quainret at She whiting high school
auditorium Saturday, January 18th. The
Strestor bunch boasts some college
stars, among them two mon from the
famous Little Giants of Wabash coll
lege. This means hustle for the club
aggregation. The Illinois I'VE admits
that il intends 10 add another scalp To
Its belt. but the Rcd Crowns are saving
them 100 As to which team gets The
scalp Is the big attraction Saturday
night
The club team viii start with Tie
same lineup that taught basketball TO
the University Of Chicago last wee's
Bill Feeney. center extraordinary. wlu
put his best material on the floor to-
bring the Red Crowns out on top. and
knowing that material here should be
l.ttle doubt in the minds Of local rooters
as 70 the outcome
The Polarines have reorganizad ana
viii probably play a curtain raiser TO
tho big gene tomorrow night The new
Rsuad is quite different 65tb IL spirit
snd material from the bunch that lost
"a the cary Y. N Z. a some time ago.
Between coach Bernie Egan and PRANK
Morrison. no IS captain a real team
should result Twelve men are report
Ing regularly for practice. and much
has already been ACCOMPLISHED tn tho
way OF team-play. Lynch at guard ana
Sugar At forward are the iatest acauisi
lions - the Polarines: both are known
quantities and ths> VIII DC valuable as
cet7 Grant has been shifted from
center to hiT old position at back guard
and Morrison is pivot man. kundrat
works with Sugar Al forward and Ira
ley Gevirtz. Water and Walsko are in
line 10 work frequently
Other games IF The season viii 81
played a the Slayish Han.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1919-01-10

l'r honor Last night Mrs. Harry Barr
entertained for her. She is at the
home ~ Mrs H. H. Wheaton
The free advertising which the Chi
caso Tribune has been giving the mar
riage mill has greatly increased the
number e marriage licenses. which are
tring issued and tAa number has in
creased CORES ondinely since the issues
s. that paper which have attacked the
local office. II pays 70 advertise has
aga n proven true. even If a reporter
las bra storm once in a while
new MARRIAGE LICENSES.
Henry Campbell East Chicago; Lulu
Coplan, East Chicago.
George I.uhach Indiana ITarbor;
KAT Juaiea. Indiana Harbor
NiRe Urhanc Hammond. Annie Pa
weska Hammond
Wiuie Anderson. Hammond Lottie
Boss e. CARY
George Brennan. Gary. Julia Farms
worth. CARY
Henry Noses Cary: Helen Lovings,
cary
william Aryman Gary; Emma La
Boisso Hammond
Mike Pappas. Gary: Helen Kibby
Cary
Mike Kris. roueston. Eva sakorsa.
Tolleston
Guy Borden. san Antonio. Texas,
Eunice Rhodes. Gary.
Herman Paley. Gary, Iva ~ Comp
ton. Chicago.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1919-01-10
HOBART

Elhs dancing party given at Cary
last evening
The local chapter D. Z = viiI have
election Of officers at their regular
meeting - he held this evening
MSS HARRIET Sehrefflor transacted
business p Chicago yesterday
Nj and Mrs John Westbrecker and
eon returned Wednesdav evening from
Greenshurg. ia, where they have been
visiting with relatives for coupl" sc
week.
At s o'clock this evening slides VIII
he shown AZ the n r. church Illus
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1919-01-10
NIKE O'DOWD HAS
SEVERAL CAMPING
ON FI5TIC TRIAL
By JACK vEorCK
tInterneEional News Sports EditorN

D
NEW YORK, Jan l0-Army life has
Kept Mike ODowd's niddle,vsi,-bt tifl,
airh ana dry practically ever since NJ
Won the honors from Al McCov. the
erstwhile king OF shock absorbers But
when Michael gets out Of Khaki he il
CONS to iiad plenty Il trouble on his
trail.
Recent announcement that one MiEa
Gibbons. who once announced that he
WIS through with the ring. has changed
his mind, viii give C'Dowd something
TO worry about
Gibbons has always ranked as one 81
the greatest middlenciehts IN the bgsi-
ness lie has msf and defeated dozens
OF opponents and has made moro mone.
~ the rine than the average bo<cr erer
sees but D. has never been officially
stamped as champion and Re Is cher
lshlnE The ambition to assume tho mid
cteweight throne before no CREWS too
oid 70 perform i'll = sixteen-foot arena
AZ haaing instructor in Tho arm !.
Gibbons has kent in superb shape. and
although he is said 3 hare grown III
heavier in the service there * little
doubt about his ability to get into prime
condition on short notice. FOR he has IL
Ways been clean liver and he has lost
none Of his cunning
With Gibbons ready - do come
back and his brother Tommy su7ecpti-
BE to the charms Of being q middle
weight champion if hc could make tie
weight. oDowd VIII find ana he wants in
the way Of opposition right e. home i'm
Paul But he viii also ind others
camping close ~ his trail for Harry
tireb' George Chip and some more Of
the 16o-i65 Founders ~ the oyer-ready
variety VIII he more than willing to ac-
oommodate the present boss Of The mid
dies
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1919-01-10

me a lot Of good il 1 had had one as
big as a Jerry for one behind me had
ono and also the one ia front Coed
ness knows how far I liked that night.
1t rained all night and mud was MP To-
the tops Of our shoes part of the time
Oh. it was a gay life for a while.
They fed IFS on barley soup sno
black bread with camoufaged coffe~
for breakfast We got enough TO kee3
US going. that was all Maybe you
don't think we enjoy regular meals
again There Is only one or two
things I really want and one Of them
is pancaAes-lots of pancakes.
When we came over the American
lines the boys passed out all kinds o.
tobacco We couldn't get any that
was any good from the boche. I paid
5c for a cigarettes and 25c for cigsr
and was lucky TO get them at tina
price Bull Durham would hsve
brought 81 a sack if We could have
gotten it.
When the armistice was signed ev
erybody was wild The guards were az
happy as We We're. They held US three
days and then turned US loose We
made long hike to get back but no
one complained.
Well. must write another letter. 50
Will close. with love to all
PVT. HARRY r. OHARA
9Th EnEineers-A T. 2
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1919-01-10

The coming year ought to be
banner one for boxing.
The champions viii have plenty
Of opportunity to risk their titles
and the ones who have been dodg-
ing championship fights the past