davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
Marshal's Deputies
Strike When Told
TO Evict Tenants
Williamsburg Rent Strikers
Charge Brutality Toward
Women to Police; Will
Appeal to Commissioner

Writs requiring the immediate evic-
tion OF $50 families from seventeen
tcnements brought the williamsburg
rent strike to stirring climax yester-
day. City Marshal Mcbride, with a
crew of six furniture movers. appeared
to execute the writs. Sections Of
Flushing and Bedford avenues and
Wallabout Street became clamorous
The cries and plants of the women
picket patrols were turned to shouts
of glee when the marshal's men insti-
tuted strike Of their own before a
single stick of furniture was moved to
the streets. 1t was sympathetic
strike
Are you union men?" the women
rent strikers asked McBridc's men.
I'VE are" they replied.
eve are union, too" rcjoincd the
women. They then showed cards of
membership in the Williamsburg Ten
ants Le4 que, whcreupon the marshal
was told there would be no evictions
with that crews assistance.
Mcbride said, however, that he would
return this morning with another
cvicting crew, while the women, flushed
with victory, announced they would
next turn their attention 10 the police,
who, they said, had been abusive
There has been trouble over rents in
that neighborhood since last May. The
houses affected are those from ..l5 to
445 Flushing Avenue, 716 to 724 Bed
ford Avenue, and l16 to l44 Wallabout
Street. They were purchased in May
BY the B. f. W. Realty Company.
Jacob Fox. of Beesman Street. Man
penditure Of $4,000 he had consid
orably improved what once were slums,
and that in return the tenants IN ID
agreed to pay increased rents Twenty
tenants subsequently balkcd and were
Joined later by all the other tenants; );
in all. 150 families.
Since then the case has been before
the Third District Municipal COURT,
with Justice Mahcr making an abortvo
attempt at arbitration. The Mayors
Committee on Rent ProtiteeriNg has
made similarly unsuccessful attempts
to settle it,.
After McBridc's crew had left him
helpless with his eviction warrants. a
number Of women pickcts announced
they would complain to-day to Police
Commissioner Enright regarding al
legged brutality on the part Of police
assigned to the district affected by the
rent strike. Mrs. Rebecca Schankcr, of
4l9 Flushing Avenue, was knocked
down by policeman, they asserted,
and her physician, DR.. A. l.. Nenkins,
of 7o7 Willoughby Avenue. said she
had suffered severe injury to her spine.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
Here are REAL housewares
some examples of the September Sale !:

White enamel bathroom stools
with rubber protectors on the
feet, $1.35, regularly $1.5O.
White enamel medicine cabi-
nets, Is 9 X 10 inches, with
9 Y X 4inch mirror, two glass
shelves, SO, regularly $40.
Electric irons with detach-
able cord and plug-6 lbs
can be used on either direct or
alternating current, SIS, regu-
larly $3.50.
Kreamer No. s oval tin wash
boilers with copper bottoms,
$685., regularly $4.S5.
Dristle floor brooms, 4-inch,
SO, regularly 1918.
Coffee mills to fasten to wall,
adjustable grinders. glass con-
tainer, $1.2O, regularly $3.50.
Step ladders. well made,
strongly hraccd, ) f., $3.50,
regularly 1925.
Wanamaker Special sewing
automatic lift, five
drawers, drop head; full set of
attachments; guaranteed five
years; sold on WanamaAer
plan, 50 down, 81 per week;
$z7, regularly $50.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
t To the MAN -,o>,o has.
read OF clothing prices
This is September.

This is September.
The time to change from
a lightweight Summer suit
to a more substantial Win
ter suit is almost here.
You have read about
clothing a n d clothing
prices and you have won
dered, no doubt. just
where to draw the line.
Some of the things you
have read have been true;
others have been exag-
gerated; but the suit you
will buy in the Wanamaker
Store will present a prac-
teal illustration Of the true
facts.
In palmer words, you
will get a GOOD suit, pre-
cisely as you have in the
past.
You will get an all-wool
suit-a well-made suit-a
carefully finished suit
A suit that measures up
to the Wanamaker stand
ard in every detail, just as
it has in years gone by.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05

Ash cans of corrugated gal
vanlzed iron, heavy bands TOP
and bottom, size II X 26 in,
$5.7S, regularly $4.25.
Square clothes hampers,
made Of best quality bleached
willow, 223 inches high, se.75.
Adjustable dress forms, Il
sections, $3.50, regularly S15.
Bread knives, several shapes,
soc, regularly SOC.
Coffee percolators, nickel
plated on copper, apt. ca
pacity. $4.75, regularly So.
Casserole dishes, pottery lin
ing, nickel-plated frame, y2.4O,
regularly $500.
Brooms, No. 6. made of good
corn, four rows of sewing.
smooth handles, zoe, regularly
soc.
Vollrath white enamel ,oast-
ing pans, II Y Is IN, $l.25,
regularly $1.55.
Nickel-plated copper tea
kettles, No. 8, $l.e5, regularly
So.
Seventh Gallery, Now Building.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
S ! Men Fined $50 Each
For Liquor Violations

Ihnty-one hotel men, saloonkeepers
and oartenders charged with violations
OF the war time prohibition law en-
tered pleas of guilty when arraigned
before Judge Foster in the Federal
District Court Yesterday Each was
ilned $50 and all paid their fines. They
were arrested ten days ago when
agents of the Department of Justice
made tifty-cight arrests. Seventeen
already have been sentenced and ten
nave elected to stand trial on pleas
Of not guilty
Judge Foster, in sentencing the de-
by the imposition of these fines
with the promise of Jail sentences In
case case Of repeated violations, hope that
you men will understand that the war
time prohibition law is a necessary
measure; and that the government de-,
mands that the courts enforce IT,
-, You must also understand that bv
the adoption of the constitt;onal
amendment there is a new order If
tnmgs, and there being little chance
Of its repeal you must make nm vow vour
minds that you will have to engage in
some other kind of business"
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
NelU Autumn,
fabrics
4 wonderful array

DUVETYN - soft, Won
derful, wintry material
so flexible it will drape
gracefully. 1t has the de-
sired warmth required for a
Winter suit or coat. The
dyes seem to come out better
in this beautiful material
than in any other-the tans
are subtle shades, deer,
maple, also a wonderful
American Beauty shade,
peasant shades, vivid tomato
red, and stunning Chinese
and French blues S12 yard.
VELOURS, too, are beautiful.
The taupes, plum and wine
shades are particularly good;
1915 to $3.50 yard.
PLAlDS-Scotch plaid effects
in cheviots, velours and serges
are excellent. Never was a more
varied assortment shown; S5.25
and $6.25 yard.
BROADCLOTHS-ric h and
lustrous, all sponged; grays,
taupes, tans, browns. dregs-of-
wine shades, Pekin blue. MANY.
many shades; 1915 to $3.50
yard.
Main floor, Old Building.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
American Legion
Fights Production
Of German Opera
Open War Declared by Man.
haitian Naval Post OH Pro-
posed Season of IL Weeks
at the Lexington Theatre

Open war was declared upon the pro-
cucuon OF German opera in the Ger
man language at a special meeting of
Manhattan Naval Post, American Lee
gion, held last night at 500 Fifth Ave
nue..
The propaganda committee of the
post was instructed to take immediate
action looking to the prevention of the
production of German opera at the
Lexington Opera House by the New
Star Opera Company. scheduled to open
October 20. This action will take the
form Of d publicity campaign, in which
the services Of the Victory Minute Men
will be utilized in a series of street
corner speeches.
Just before the final vote was taken
a delegate from the Central Federated
Union arose and declared, "Therc will
be no German opera sung in this city
by the aid of union labor" The dele
gate refused to give his name.
The decision TO fight the Lexington
Theatre production was taken follow
ing the report Of Harold NJ Schwab,
chairman of the committee appointed
to. investigate. In it he related his
experiences with Otto Goritz, director,
and George Blumenthal, manager Of
the New Star Opera Company. and the
owners Of the theatre.
The question of "insidious propagan-
da'' in the Ludcndorfi memoirs. whic h
are about obc published in this city,
WAS also taken up, but on account of
the lack of definite information the
question was held over.
Mr.. BlUmenthal. manager Of the
opera company, SAID if it wa sgoing to
be war ii was going to be war, but,
barring earthquakes, he would open at
The Lexington Opera House October 90
and the opening would be German
Nnpr2.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
Havard Committee Named
Among Members Are Charles +.
Hughes and Gen. Goetl,als

Announcement was made yesterday
by the Harvard Endowment Fund Com
mittee of the appointment of several
prominent men to serve on the ad-
vlsory committee. Among them were
Charles Evans Hughes. Theodore n.
Vail, Elihu Thomson General George
W. Goethals, Felix NJ. Warburg and
George Foster Peabody
The advisory committee is to con-
slst solely of non Harvard men, al
though some of them hold honorary de-
grees from the university.
Some of the others who have ac-
ceptcd places on the body are Alfred
I. White, of Brooklyn; II. H. S. Handy,
OF Syracuse; f.. l.. Pierce, Of Syracuse; ;
Louis X. Lggett, Of Boston; Dr. A. c.
McGiflert, Samuel Sachs and Arch. "
Shaw, Of Chicago; Galcn l., Stone, of
Boston; Frederick Strauss ;nd George
A. McKinlock, Of Boston, az : Stephen
o. Metcalf, of Providence. Tv.t
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
77,618 pieces
English
porcelain
In tie China Sale

fH EEE \ NlIYss ACGgG
Two popular border deco
ratlons; one with coin gold
handles.
Everything at saving of
third to 40 per cent.
2S4 dinner sets of 90 to 1O6
pieces in the lot. our $3.50 and
$50 grades, which we are selling
at S35 and $3.50.
Dinner plates, $3.50 doz.
Breakfast plates, S3.75 doz.
Fruit saucers, $40 doz.
Tea plates, S3.25 doz.
Bread and butter plates. $40
doz.
Tea cups and saucers, So doz.
Meat dishes, 25c to $3.50 ea.
Vegetable dishes, zoe to 1925
ca.
Bouillon cups and saucers,
$3.50 doz. Etc.
Second Gallery, New Building.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
Yet, prices are down !

Prices down 10 to 33 13 per in the Septem-
Der Sale now going on-doWn regular rst-grade per
1ect Wanamaker housewares that guaranteed to give
satisfaction all the time.
Included in the sale refrigeraors sewing ma
ch11es, lTonWare unWare, enameled ware aluminium
ware Woodenware carpet sweepers chafing dishes cas-
seroes coffee machines and eapots cutlery baskets
eectrca applances bathroom fixtures brushes dusers
chamos skins trunks-everything that's needed in the
kitchen. bathroom, or for other household use
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
Very Charming

after all the Bear and
Whale stories, the Gentle
Reader turned to the delight
ful pages of "Golden Days
a fisherman's story From
the Fishing Log Of a Painter
in Brittany.' 1t is a book to
be thoroughly enjoyed by
every lover of outdoor es-
says, by Ronilly Fedden.
$3.50.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
Whaling

w. G. Burns Murdock
gives US a fascinating story
of adventures after huge fish
and large game in his book
Modern Whaling and Bear
Hunting s..
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
Briefs

Soon after she had returned from early
mass, Charles McKcnna. her brother-in-la law
looking from window. saw the body of
Mrs. Katherine w. Steers lying on the side
walk in front of 1i1 West 178th Street
Her pocketbook and hatpins were found on
the roof.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05

Albert Horton. a real estate broker Of a.
Manhattan Avenue, found his mother, Mrs.
Graycc Horton. dead in her room, with a
gas tube in her mouth. He said she had
retired with the remark that failing SIGHT
prevented her from reading and she had
rather be dead than blind
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
Fish aies


Book of the Black Bass,
by Henshall; 81.
Fishing Tackle and Kits,
by Dixie Carroll: So
Tales of Fishes, by Zane
Grey; $3.50.
Bass, Pike, Perch and
other Game Fishes OF
America, by James \. Hen
shall, NJ. D.; 81.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05

The price?
First arrivals for Fall
are $3.50 and $47.5O.
There are as many as
fifteen different styles.
Every one is good.
There is nothing mystic
rious about GOOD cloth
ing. Changing conditions
may bring about a change
here and there-but
A Wanamaker suit is the
same GOOD suit that it al
ways has been.
Burlington Arcade floor,
New Building.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05

~ man about sixty, believed to be Fred
Norman. who applied for lodgings at the
Munipical Lodging House two nights .yo,
was Killed by a northbound subway train
near the Aerton Avenue station on the
White Plains Avenue division,
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05

Through habcas corpus proceedings in the
brooklyn Supreme Court, Mrs. Fannie e.
Philadelphia. has reganed custody of her
two children. James and Michael who had
been in the st. Vincent de Paul Orphans
Home nine years. Neither knew his mother
when she appeared in court The father
from whom she was separated. died last
January.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05

Vine II. Smith. Assistant United States
Attorney in Brooklyn. has rendered his resig-
nation. to take effect September 30 He is
to undertake the practice rclinqushed by
Leroy Ross. who will succeed United States
Attorney James D. Bell
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
ROOSeVeIt's Story

of the Brazilian wilder
ness, called Through the
Brazilian Wilderness" is
great. The book needs no
introduction. Sd.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
he Gentle Reader

advises all readers to dip
INTO outdoors books oc-
casionally. The danger IS,
an occasional Dip IS 50
pleasant one is apt TO
form a habit Of reading oil
outdoor things totally. IL
is indeed a pleasant hobby
with many people. ana
many have a lot of fun and
solid en- Joynent as we'll as
actual instruction in read
ing this sort Of thing.
The Wanamaker Book
Store is we'll equipped TO
furnish endless out-of'
door books.
Eighth Gallery, New bu'ia'"
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05

The New York Evening School of Indus
tr'al Art. 2oi East Forty-sccond Street. an
institution for students in book illustration,
costume Designing interior and mural deco
fation. poster, scenic and textile designing
and art metal work. VIII open for rcgistra-
ton Monday.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
In the WHdS
of South America

by Leo. Z. Miller. of the
American Museum of Nat.
ural History. The book is
the result of Mr.. Miller's ex.
plorations of six years in Co.
lombia, Venezuela, British
Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, Ar
gentina, ara quay and
Brazil.
A thrilling narrative, all
about savage people and un-
known animals. The book
tells a tale of the field nat
uralist's wanderings over
100000 miles; $3.50.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05

Bethlehem Chapel. Il branch of the First
Presbyterian Church. reports that during the
summer it provided vacations for 200 chill
drcn. 1t also operated a vacation R;hlo
school at 219 Sullivan Street
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
To the W0MlAN We say
Trashy Housewares
cannot enter W0nunlukev's

We have been offered carpet sweepers at $11 dozen
but wouldn't buy them because their of light
sheet iron instead of wood-wont stand up with use.
We have been offered porcelain table tops at Csc
apiece but we wouldn't buy them because they "sec
onds'-chipped in many places
We have been offered seconds of enameware, but
we won't buy seconds because they Clipped exposing
the metal that will rust and tain the food
We have been offered bathroom fixtures of iron
painted or enameled but will not buy them because
sght chip OF the paint enamel exposes the IRON which
when touched with water and stains the towel or
washrag
we have been offered aluminium ware and tnware so
thin that even child bend tive will not buy it be-
cause it will not give satisfaction
we have been offered socalled mahogany finished
serving trays that made of plain pine wood with
piece OF paper or decacomana pasted on under the glass
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
Good nezus of
lace curtains
658 pairs at $5.75 to $40
pair (beI0W the prices
prevailing 3 years ago.
flocked in and out of our doors
yesterday until the

One dealer, indeed, offered to
take the lot for resale to re
tailers, at profit to him, Of
course. But every advantage we
get goes to our customers.
658 pairs of curtains in
20 patterns; lacet Arabian,
white and Arabe, some with
combinations of Marie An
toinette work, all mounted
on very good net, 2l3 and
3 yards long, all hens
turned in.
The $5.75 curtains have 8 in.
handmade edge and 13 in. cor
ner motif. Others have edges up
to 9 inches wide, and large cor
ner motifs.
Fourth Gallery, New Building.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05
No! The bars are up!

Wanamaker enamel ware and alumi-
mum ware and tinware and ironware-
and all other kinds of housewares are
FlRSTS; not seconds.
Wanamaker carpet sweepers have
Wood-cases
Wanamaker bathroom fixtures are
all made of brass, nickel-plated or
enameled
Wanamaker bristle brushes are all
bristes
Wanamaker mahogany serving trays
are solid mahogany, frames with veneer
bottoms; the mahogany finished trays
are solid wood, stained.
Wanamaker housewares are all
KEaL; + : a. GENUINE SAFE, Salts
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05

The Gentle Reader
came across an interesting
lot of books recently in the
Wanamaker Book Shop,
books that gave her
strange ongings for
strange lands, to hunt wild
animals and fish for game
fish. Here are some of the
innocent looking books
that gave her such fright.
fully joyful impulses.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05

Anthony D'Ambrosio, a fifteen -year-old
Brooklyn boy who was placed on probation
last year after he had looted teachers desks
at PUBLIC School 147. was arraigncd in Chill
drens Court charged with having robbed
three business places in Broadway, Brooklyn.
New-York tribune., 1919-09-05

JOHN WANAlfAKER
Formerly 4. T.. Ste1Uart &c 60.
Broadavay at Ninth, Nea0 Yor6.
Store Hours, 9 to $50
Good morning!
This is September S!
The qveather today aOlU
probably be fair.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1919-05-17

: standard Oll 90
The Pine Island producers in the Of their propaganda
have grave doubts the good faith of the Standard Oil Com
pany of Louisiana its handling of Pine Island crude under
listing market conditions Some have far to intimate
that the Standard Oil and the other pipe line companies in
conspiracy strange the market and thus freeze the
ducers and get control Of the field.
The correspondence prove earnestly the
Oil Company of Louisiana from restricting the
market and negeng opportunities Pine Island crude
sought every quarter production that
field
Edison Division Director of Railways Kansas City, Mo- De-
.Aes 1s s oil has dsyGasf fn s r , es P5
i5 F; Ss%s:sy s ';S""s; I'll, @ i
ssss .s % tsssss % @ 'y
s; Ga ss M Ss % @ x a fat @ sse
::;
ss 5 ; on: "sSs sHs S'fsf S52
rw Weller New York; Dss sas':f'r q 1919 -
orv ySs' eGs Our bx st n p9 Island s
position att this to production
meantime seeing that canceing govern
men that pnc pa responsible for the congestion
in the Pine Island field efforts being made interest the
ope the a e u
raj channel of approach and the result of the representations
made that Committee through its Chairman, Mr.. A. G. Bedford,
made direct appeal behalf of Pine Island Mr. NJ L. Requa
in Washington.
NATIONAL PETROLEUM WAR SERVICE COMMITTEE
H.: g. s 6: Naturalization 3;':;;
resolved n. s o compan d dsila a Gs Rens co
Of
National Petroleum War Service Committee by those Companies beg
i n y G 1osat t P isP P an caado d in
T: ':: s:ss i a ? g s s ; s 2 ' i? :. $
miles the Gulf It's production has recently been about 1900
sa o S S hf s b f es tsd BY b ss pa 9
chased by the above named companies their respective capacities
asss p seeo ct tn s 9s ps1
through channels
ute %a States 45 m oe and Mes almost " 0y
Pine G 5; 'G gh sssS; @ q S s sGs sad sn fs
S s me rhi y Sf f ne2has iue a eo a "
of demand the sudden cancela
Fuel Oil orders the lack other outlet for this
produee in this eid Novembe h 8 that Available tank
its PURCHASES rate about per day % storage
shall have been filled and that thereafter that company will discontinue
be the proxmo
gave notices e Dee e. 1918 and otherwise ordered that tha
Company will the Pine Island district
from property from which that date taking oil and also
b my G ogf % M g50 rv w that d m
bassa a. o
this production Gulf Refining
The action Immediately through
AS nueh notice possible a given o the producers the hope
that they would dfve other marks and thus remove the essi
R Gmp Kansas o1 c nSsavGT sf the R5oh Tee
and advised that district
already taken of under obligations
producers present
government purchasing
the purchase Of its supply Navy fuel oil the Gulf Coast section "
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1919-05-17
Yours truly,

This offer accepted and February 18th tank
of Pine Island crude erpped the Standard Oil Company
Ohio in Cleveland By this time however the of Pine Island
the we'll had been reduced from 81 Is 90 BARREL
order make the product attractive possible the Stand
ard Oil Company Ohio actually billed 81 Oo barrel
(S1OO plus handling char,c) instead Of Sl31
them.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1919-05-17

measure OF ren TO these producers ana " ABOVE named
C. BEDFORD
Far1v in January the Standard Oil COMPANY Of Louisiana
Island de were ben hammered bv nc cutting Neootiatons
ioialiu WHY oeAl.s y
the Shreveport Alexandra
short
~
Pine Island crude and the same thing took place in the case
VI
spondence shows:
fTs1enm,
January 2nd 1919
Referring letter Hh the STANDARD Oh Compy
nr; M baSga Of snts - eoy @ ga1heng and LOADING charges
VIII protect you as
Oklahoma fuel market Present posted Price Island .k = TINS
pease cohalm
= " ''-0Ni~
wv ,uono- No. Wi, 1,a 0 1o}o
ansd ,o,aer before we could
'eeh oi1e'eu oNie'Npoi' Niuue ''i 80 'oH -
LOUISIANA
Burton
S Co of India
Dearsr
am just receipt Of your telegram and note you state that
price you notat you
crude oft cred tor t less money , ;, N hi matter : -, effort 70
the United States and Allied Nayes decreased Their OF fue
the going
let shut off caused the pipe line notify the
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1919-05-17
STANDARD OIL COMPANY

N Cleveland O.,
Mr. J. A Moett, Jr,
York.
and you will kindly
shipping point will forward two empty tank for the Pine Island
in
barrel shipping
cannot any quantity of
al
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1919-05-17

would offices
deavo the United States increase its
Gulf If will afford
of relief these producers and the above named
to
Rockingham post-dispatch. [volume] (Rockingham, N.C.) 1917-1965, 1919-07-24
FELT MISERABLE
AFTER SICKNESS.
Appetite Get Poorer Ard
Pe orer. Sleep Was Rest
less And Rad FIRE.
quent Headao hes.
WOULD HAVE WEAK SPELLS.

Il had a bad attack of the "fu"
away back in November, but
wasn't e.hle to get over the bad
effects. 1t Jeff me nervous. |
coul( MT get over it. | would get
such weak spells too every now
and then. My appetite got poor.
er and poorer and my sleep was
restless ana disturbed. | had
frequent headaches. that nearly
drove me wild sometimes. J
knew | needed something but ]
didn'f know what to get until |
saw Earle's Hypo-Cod advertised.
read the formula and knew
that every ingredient was good
s. | got a bottle and am now or
my second and must say it does
all that is claimed for it. My
appetite is better. My nerves
are much stronger and | hardly
know what nervousness is now.
The best of all is that it has
made me stronger, have my
old energy, ambition and life
about me now, haven't had q
headache either and sleep gooG
and even the pains in my back
and sides are gone so | am truly
grateful for Earle's Hypo-Cod
and admit it has been more than
a blessing to me. | never lose an
opportunity to praise it. 1t is.
good medicine and | am glad
to publicly endorse it, continued
Miss Mime Skinner, with the
Charlotte Clothing Co., and re
siding at 3l5 B. Oak Street, Char
lotte, N. c.
Note: eve prepay large bot.
tie Hypo-Cod anywhere, on re-
ceipt of price, $1.2O-plus SC
war tax. L. G. Fox, Booking
ham, N: c.