Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1919-07-17
SOME new WORDS
Aviation Has Added 200 of Them
to English Tongue
Dictionary Makers Kept Busy Listing
New Terms That Entered Language
Through Development Of Fly
Ing During the War

suage attribute to aerial navigation the
addition Of 200 words AS the average
American has had in the past a speaking
vocabulary of only $50 of the more than
$4,000 words in the English language, the
increase brought about by the airpiane
and airshp Is regarded as remarkable
FOR the benefit of those as yet unac-
| quainted with the true meaning Of such
words as "fuselage," "nacele" drift"
or parasite resistance" the Manufac.
turers' Aircraft association has prepared
flying dictionary with the aid Of a
report compiled by the national advisory
committee for aeronautics at Washington.
Never before has so much aeronau-
teal news been printed" says the Manu-
facturers Aircraft association article,
yet one of the handicaps Is the proper de-
scription Of equipment so as to give the
public-generally uninstructed- accur-
ate idea OF the magnitude OF current hap
perings. This difficulty has also been on
countered m government aircraft activi-
los a'n apps r, more than eve now
| that commercio; aviation. With proper
encouragement, promises to develop soon.
is STRANGE LANGUAGE
THE 200 or more aeronautical words or
phrases in common use on the flying
! fields or in the aircraft plants are strang-
ers to the average reader. For instance,
every one, probably has heard Of the all
eron, yet many may not know that 1.-The
ailerons OF a biplane are arranged in the
trailing edges in a unique manner caus-
ing II to respond at the slightest touch
OF the controls and enabling the pilot
TO ignore the lateral altitude of the ma
chine entirely
| An aileron, to be more specific, is a
bit of a wing tip fixed on hinges back
on the rear edge at the ends Of the
wings. 1t Is controlled by wires When
moved from the pilots seat the ailerous
on one side raise and those on the other
side decline proportionately, thereby al
lowing the wind pressure against them
to tip the plane to either side as de-
| sired
| "A biplane is two-winged machine
one wing placed above the other. A ma
! jority Of the American and British ma
chimes are biplanes.
THE trailing edge is the rear edge Of
the wings Speaking of gliding, it means
not only gliding but the angle of the path
the airplane takes when 1t descends I'M
der the influence of gravity alone. A
! plane usually glides by keeping its nose
fixed toward the horizon, when it will
glide straightway eight miles for every
mile it is above the earth, or eight in
one.
WHAT is AN AIRPLANE?
An airplane is machine that depends
for support In the air on planes or wings
and the propelling power Of its motors
TO keep 1t there, overcoming gravity and
at the same time propelling 1t forward
An airship Ia not an airplane but a bal
loon, elongated. somewhat cigar shaped
and provided with a propelling system,
car for passengers, rudders and STABILIZE.
| ing surfaces
There are three kinds Of alrships, the
non-rigid. whose form or shape is alone
maintained by the pressure of gas inside
and aided by the cables and ropes which
hold the passenger car underneath. Then
there Is the rigid airship, or one having a
stiff wood or metal framework inside the
big gas bag to hold its shape for it, The
semi-rigid airship has a rigid metal or
wooden keel or spine along its under
side which holds 1t partly in shape aid
ed by the expansion Of gas inside Bal
looms and airships have appendices, too.
The appendix is a hose leading from the
bottom side of the gas bag to the car
and used for initiating 1t, or. in the case
OF the od-fashioned spherical balloon,
like a big rubber ball, 1t serves to euua-
lie the gas pressure inside.
An aviator Is an operator or pilot of
an airplane. or any heavier-than-air craft.
balloon Is a lighter-than- air craft.
The term aviator applies to either a
man or woman who drives airplanes,
The term fuselage' is common, yet not
wholly understood 1t is the body Of the
airplane. or the fabric-covered Frame
work which holds the engine in front,
the pilots seat and passenger area In
the center between the wings and then
runs back to the tail.
DOPE" USED ON AIRCRAFT
The trail group is general, and it con-
tains, besides the rudder or rudders, de-
pending on the type of machine, eleva-
tors in a horizontal position, one on either
side of the rudder. and fms which are
vertical to the elevators and are fixed,
forming one plane with the rudder when
II is in natural position. The controls
are the wheel or stick for use Of the
pilot in guiding his craft, the same as
the wheel OF an automobile or the rud-
der bar of a boat A control has three
uses. where in other vehicles such as the
motor or boat only two uses can b
found for 1t. The reason is that aviators
have to contend with three dimensions
An auto or boat can travel only backward
or forward. or sidewise. A plane can do
these things and besides can 60 either
up or down.
"A hangar is a shed for an airplane,
An airplane also has dope in large GUAM
titles. Dope is a substance resembling
glue etc, used in treating the cloth sur
faces of airplanes and balloons to in
crease strength. produce tautness and act
as filler to maintain the air and pre-
vent the fabric from leaking or tearing.
Its base usually is cellulose. The nacelIe
or an airplane or dirigible is a structure
to which the wings are attached. The en-
CINE Is moored and the passengers are
stationed in it, nacelle never extends
back to the tail, but sometimes protrudes
out on front and holds the propeller.
THE term pancake came into use dur
Ing the war. 1t means that an airpiane
when landing, straightens out almost level
with the ground, instead OF diving into
it, In other cases the tail is dropped low
er than the nose, 80 that the wings catch
the air and retard the force of the des-
cent. a pontoon is IA float or buoyant
construction attached either under the
wings of hydroplane or flying boat or
under its body to keep 1t afoat. When
we speak in terms of speed, we mean air
speed, or the relative speed Of an air
al speed of the air from the distance we
have travelled. Ground speed is more
common. If we travel from one point to