davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-06-08

the armistice they were retained by
the Government to continue this work.
These experts have delved into the
Oldest records obtainable for the pur-
pose OF providing the War Depart
ment with a record that may be valu-
able at future times. Many of the
works used by them are so antique as
to be quite difficult of translation and
II was a matter OF months before GER
tain data could be secured. This re-
search has brought to light many in
teresting facts.
1t has been learned from these Ia
bors that during the eighteenth CEN
turS military authorities OF France and
England had developed the rocket so
that 1t had approximately the same
range as a cannon OF that day. By
Gaping 1t with iron they we're able to
make a most formidable weapon.
Thus fashioned the rocket was used
In battle, its flight being regulated by
the weight of the stick attached to II.
1t was esteemed for its compactness,
for its convenience In transportation
and for the fact that 1t might be dis
charged from under cover.
1t was thought that its use would
relieve fighters OF the necessity of
transporting cumbersome cannon and
llmbers. The experts rejoiced over the
prospects OF the achievement thus Of
fcred. They were convinced that their
pyrotechnic art was about TO work a
revolution in the methods OF warfare.
For a time the rocket was regarded
as a real success. and the rocket corps
OF the British army which was estab-
The sun., 1919-06-08
THE SUN, SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 1919.

are available upon request, there 10
near city or town which may be called
upon for help and n guard may be
had for the plane.
The fourth Grass landing field,
marked by an arrow three feet wide
and length according to the amount
Of runway. Is good only for landing
in emergency. The single arrow indi-
Gates the best approach and the long
est runway. The aviator may make a
safe landing here, but he need not
expect to find any special accommo-
dations. II he needs gas he will prob
ably not be able to get 1t near by, nor
will he find attendants nor hangar
space, nor telephone service. The
single arrow indicates this TO him in
advance and he will not visit a fourth
class field II he can find third or
second class field within a reasonable
radius.
The character Of the landing fields
determines the good or bad routes from
point to point. A bad route, marked
by a broken line, may be turned into
good route by the establishment OF
landing fields either by the State. city
or community. To establish good
road for the motorist 1t is necessary
to 60 over every foot OF the road. To
establish a good road" for the aviator
1t Is necessary only to establish few
good landing fields. no matter how
rough the surrounding country may be.
In this connection Gen. Menohers
aids call attention to the fact that
the average person believes that In
case OF sudden engine stoppage plane
has TO come down virtually on n per-
pendicular line and take its chances
on the terrain directly under the plane.
This is not the case. A plane flying a
mile high can glide seven miles with
out difficulty in case Of sudden engine
stoppage Therefore II at the time Of
The sun., 1919-06-08

lished during the war OF the Revoiu-
The high hopes OF the pyroteehnists,
however, came to nought.
The eighteenth century saw various
other war firework devices on the Eu-
ropean continent. foremost of which
was a parachute device invented by
the Englishman Congreve, to be dis
charged by u rocket at the conclusion
OF its flight. The parachute supported
a burning light for either illuminating
or signalling purposes. The French
under the monarchy worked out a sim
liar type.
Experimentation In pyrotechnics
about that time resulted in the inven-
ton of portable mines that might be
exploded from a distance. innumerable
incendisry devices, hand grenades and
many styles OF bombs.
The origin of the art is unknown.
II appears to have reached the north
ern nations through Italy. where fire.
works had been exploited largely for
entertainment. particularly in spec
tacles provided for the populace dur
ing the days of papal sovereignty. The
Italians, however. had long before
learned OF the rocket from India.
We properly may hc doubtful as to
the claim that the Chinese were the
criginators Of tho pyrotechhic art. \
study OF the subject indicates that its
growth was so widely diffused as TO
render impossible the claim OF inven-
ton for any one person, country or
race.
We md it in the ancient worship
The sun., 1919-06-08

A first class field must conform to
the general specifications as to size
and shape accepted by the Govern
ment. The character OF the ground
must be such that viii allow safe
landing in all kinds OF weather. All
the approaches must be clear for al
lowing safe landing or takeoff.
The aviator knows that II he lands
on such q field there will be i'm
mediately available to him hangar
space, wind indicator, tools and other
repair equipment, supplies. gasolene.
oil, water, sundry spares. telephone
communication. transportation facili-
ties, attendants and a proper guard
for his plane In case he wishes to
park It,"
other Marks Described,
The second class landing field is
marked for the information OF the
flyer with a cross arrow with bars
three feet wide and length to be de-
termined by the size OF the field. Each
bar shall be ninety feet long provided
the field allows 900 yards runway.
This class OF field provides safe land
ing and takeofr In all kinds Of weather,
but differs from the first class field in
that transportation facilities are
near by instead OF Immediately avail
eble and attendants and guards can
be had upon request. though they are
not actually stationed at the field.
The third class landing field Is
marked by cross with bars three
feet wide and length to be determined
by the size OF the field. Each bar
shall be ninety feet long provided the
field allows 800 yards runway. In this
class of field the character Of the
ground allows clear landing and take
Off. but the accommodation to tho
aviator are not 80 good as for the
FIRST or second class fields. Supplies
The sun., 1919-06-08
Wonders of the Campo Santo in Genoa

T tally is the land Of pathos. beauty
and music. and these combined
AFFORD an atmosphere of serenity.
To the people OF that country death
holds charm rather than fear. an atti-
tude quite in keeping with the old Gus
tom OF aristocratic families who pose
in group form during life so as to be
portrayed by carved statues in tho
Campo Santa (burying ground) OF the
Staglieno cemetery in Genoa.
One does not need to possess a NOR
bid turn Of mind to find satisfaction in
a journey through this rightfully
termed most beautiful cemetery in
existence"
Barring the approach to the main
entrance (Which was laid out by Re-
sasco in lS4D are three double bronze
gates. and after passing through these
admission Is gained 10 a high terrace
which seemingly overlooks all Italy.
When in season flowers in abun-
dance add to the splendor of the scene
The sun., 1919-06-08

nier he has begun a nationwide cam
paign to map out the country from
coast to coast in such manner that
aviators may know which routes to
take, where landing fields are avail
able, where needed supplies or assist
snce can or cannot be obtained. In a
word. blue book for aviators similar
to that provided by the American Au-
tomobile Association for motorists is
now in the process OF formation.
For the automobilist the good roads
movement" was the inspiration which
popularized motor tours and made
eutomobiling a sort Of national pas
time. The present campaign is the
first good roads movement" for avia-
tors. At first blush 1t would seem that
the roads and the terrain had little
connection with air routes, but as a
matter of fact these are Of prime i'm
portance. The value or lack of value
Of an air route from point to point is
measured by the character of the ter
rain over which the aviator must fly.
Landing fields are the most important
factors in the beginning OF any cam
Iaign TO assist or popularize flying and
lIltS Will ItlldIH So even tIleE oil :
plane engines reach a still higher per-
centage of efficiency because even I'M
der the most favorable circumstances
the aviator wants to feel that he can
make a landing II he desires. No
matter how we'll an automobile may
be running. the tourist likes to feel
that he- can stop whenever he sees At,
and to a certain extent 1t is planned to
give the aviator the same privilege.
A stupendOus Undertakings.
The problem Of providing a blue
book or guide for aviators doomed up
at the start as a stupendous under
taking. But SO obvious was its i'm
portance to the future of flying that
Gen. Menoher decided to proceed with
the work despite difficulties, and Lieut..
Kenneth c. Leggett. U. S. A. was
put In direct charge of getting
The sun., 1919-06-08

~ ESPITE the important part
played by fireworks in the
fighting OF the past four
years, little is known generally OF
their history as implements Of war
fare.
Hardly any one is aware of the
fact that the rocket once bid fair to
dsplace the cannon as the greatest
offensive weapon; that many military
experts pointed out its superiority
and sought to revolutionize battle tao
tics by its use; that fireworks in
various strange forms have been
utilized in military operations for CEN
turtles for purposes of attack and de-
fence as well as for signalling and
discovering the operations OF the foe.
Only in the last century has artillery
really come into its own. and this
principally through the fihing of gun
barrels, which so greatly increased
he range Of various pieces as to
make them the supreme agents in con-
nict.
let artillery is In itself a result OF
oOntinuous experimentation in ages
past In aerial pyrotechnics.
The importance OF fireworks having
.eeh proved during the European war.
.ns Government has taken great pains
develop branch OF the army spe-
.Hly trained in these lines. The re-
u'. mas been the creation OF the Pyro-
''cnnic Schools OF the Ordnance De-
srlment, with offices at 1i5 Broad
way New York city.
tnese schools were formed for the
spose OF giving a body OF selected
sasnts a thorough training In the
Nw military uses OF aerial fireworks
The sun., 1919-06-08
Gen. Menoher, head of the army aerial service.

good routes, emergency routes. pooi
routes from city to city and town to
town throughout the country.
Second-Detailed information oon-
corning any particular route over
which the aviator intends to travel
Third-Means whereby the aviator
may know his bearings and be able
to profit by the detailed information
provided for his benefit.
A glance at the map Aerial Routes
OF the United States" shows how the
The sun., 1919-06-08

featuring devices OF satisfactory
sort among which the most conspicu-
Gus were Il species OF Bengal lights OF
various colors that would burn while
suspended from II parachute. These
were SO constructed that they might he
either discharged from a rocket or
from rifles or pistols.
The troops on the western front saw
this art at it's fullest development, be-
ing used by both sides to discover
enemy positions and movements by
lighting up the battle areas, as well as
for signalling and other purposes.
The sun., 1919-06-08

than generally realized. even where
the planes parallel railroad trunk lines
between New York and Washington.
The first year of the New York to
Washington aerial mail service has
shown a profit OF $4,000 on a $780,
600 investment, which from a business
viewpoint is regarded as not bad. The
army fliers report that mail service
The sun., 1919-06-08

follow they telephone ahead to inquire
as to where gasolene can be obtained
whether there are attendants available
whether there are good fields TO be
used in case of emergency landing. &c.
Having obtained all the information
they can by this process they select
their route and check up on the data
as they go along.
The sun., 1919-06-08
BY ALBERT WHITING FOX,

EAJoR-GEN. C. T. MENoHER,
MI Director OF the Air Service.
1 V i is putting into execution an
elaborate plan whereby he hopes to
lay the groundwork for aviation as a
national enterprise. Realizing that the
al important point in developing
aeronautics is to provide aerial routes
which are safe and practical for the
The sun., 1919-06-08

could be established with distinct ad.
vantage between Atlanta and Macon
Ga. At present it takes about three
days to get an answer to a letter writ
ten from Atlanta to Macon. BY air
route a letter might be sent from At
lanta to Macon at 10 o'clock in the
The sun., 1919-06-08

information coordinated to be used
on the maps which are to serve as
guides. As soon as the plan was de-
cided upon work began without delay.
and remarkable progress has already
been made. while the general pro-
gramme is expanding and taking in
wider and wider areas.
B At the present status the initial
work might be divided as follows:
First-General information. as to
The sun., 1919-06-08

morning and an answer obtained at
o'clock the same afternoon. The At
lanta newspapers, for example, have no
circulation in Macon because the pa
pers take too long TO get there. BY the
aerial route they would be delivered
with little delay.
Another interesting bit OF intorma-
ton reported by the army fiers is that
The sun., 1919-06-08

In carrying out the work of aerial
map making. the army fiiers have al
ready been able to supply much val
liable information to municipalities
and to the Post Office Departments
aerial mai. planes. The Governments
aerial mail Is proving more successful
The sun., 1919-06-08

It takes a train eight and n half hours
to go from Sacramento. Cal, to Car
son City, New, because Of the Sierra
Nevada Mountains. BY plane the
journey can be made in about an hour
and without breaking speed records
in the attempt.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1919-04-08
IF BACKACHY OR
KIDNEYS BOTHER
Eat less meat and take a glass of
Salts to flush the Kidneys
Drink plenty of water.

Uric acid in meat excites the kidneys,
they become overworked; get sluggish,
ache, and feel like Jumps of lead. The
urine becomes cloudy; the bladder is
irritated, and you may be obliged to
seek relief two or three times during
the night. When the kidneys clog you
must help them flush off the body s
urinous waste or you IL be sick per-
son shortly. AT first you feel dull
misery in the kidney region, you suffer
from backache, sick headache, dizzi-
ness, stomach gets sour, tongue coated
and you feel rheumatic twinges when
the weather is bad.
Eat less meat, drink lots of water;
also get from any pharmacist four ounces
of Jad Salts; take a tablespoonful
in glass of water before breakfast for
q few days and your kidneys viii then
act fine. This famous salts is made from
the acid of grapes and lemon juice,
combined with hthia, and has been used
for generations to clean clogged kid
neys and stimulate them to normal ac-
tivity, also to neutralize the acids in
urine, so it no longer is source of irri-
tation, thus ending bladder weakness.
Jad Salts is Inexpensive, cannot in
jure; makes a delightful effervescent
Whitewater drink which everyone
should take now and then to keep the
kidneys clean and active. Druggists
here say they sell lots of Jad Salts to
folks who believe in overcoming kidney
trouble while it is only trouble.-Advt.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1919-04-08

There is on this page also a two col
umn cut and description of an automa-
tic lathe invented by Frederick Bald
win of South Wardsboro and first pat
ented in 1858. 1t was for turning bead
ed and plain wood work s
A two-column cut of a cottage or
gan made by J. Estey & Co. of Brat
tleboro is shown among the advertise
ments on the third page. Charles Har-
rington of l Union Block warns people
against being humbugged into paying
So and So for gold and steel spectacles
when they can be bought of him for
| so cents, ease thrown in. Mrs. A. Z.
Cross of Masonic Building, High Street,
advertses to be manufacturer and
dealer in hoop skirts and corsets and
agent for Madam Foy corset skirt
supporter. Glenwood Ladies Seminary
of West Brattleboro, Hiram circuit, A.
NJ. principal and Miss Mary +. Cobb
vice principal, announces its fall term
| opening date. c. F. Thompson adver-
/, tises hardware and groceries IN Willis
| ton S Stone Block.
The fourth and last page is devoted
wholly to advertising, largely by out
/. of-town persons, but mention of a few
of the local advertisers will be of inter
est to many persons. Mrs. l.. M. Chase
announces the opening of the fall term
of her select school at Corner of Asy-
| lum and Common. A steady, indus
trious man who can care for horses, cut
wood and care for grounds is asked to
apply to Mrs. Charlier, Folsom house,
on the common Clark & Willard adj
vertise drugs and medicines at No. 4
Blake IS Block. H. E. Taylor, agent,
advertises fall styles of silk, kersey
and felt hats at fGoodrich's Fashion
able Hat, Cap, and Furnishing Goods
Store at No. 3. Union Block, NEARLY
opposite the Revere House. Oh. F.
Sehuster announces that he has several
makes of pianos at his residence on
| Green street. One small advertisement
reads: Religious services at Centre
Congregational Church will be held at
1890 a. m. and 2.30 p. m. Bell rings
fifteen minutes previous. F"
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1919-04-08

]. L. Harbour of Bennington, who has
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1919-04-08

The Richford Methodist church, under
the enthusiastic leadership Of Rev o. J.
Anderson, is the first church in Vermont
to go "over the top in the matter OF
raising its centenary quota. In three
days the allotment of $3.50 yearly for
five years was pledged, in spite of Sc.
we're snow storm which lasted for two
days of the drive.
A E. Bass of Randolph, under the will
of his uncle, ex-Mayor Joseph p Bass OF
Bangor, Me-. receives the bulk of his
estate. valued at S3,OO0,000
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1919-04-08
Printed During State and
New England Fairs by
Milliken
BELIEVED TO HAVE
BEEN TOWNS FIRST
The Vermont Farmer Had Office on
High Street-Some of It's PECULIAR
ties-All New England Governors
Attended Big Fair.

That daily newspaper was pub
lished in Brattleboro. back in the Cos
may be remembered by a few of the
older residents, but it is safe to say
that not many of the townspeople of
the present day recall the fact or ever
knew of it. In his nominations few
days ago H. R. Lawrence of this town,
who has a penchant for old publica-
tions, unearthed copy of The Yer
mont Farmer, printed in Brattleboro
Thursday, Sept. 6, 1866, by d. l.. Milf
ken.
Mr.. Milliken was the publisher of
the Record and Farmer. regular week
~ agricultural paper, with coffee on
High street, next to Masonic build
ing but because the New England
and Vermont state fairs were held in
Brattleboro on Tuesday, Wednesday,
| Thursday and Friday, Sept. 4, 5, 6 and
Z, 1866, he published daily paper dur
| ing the fair. the name being The Yer
mont Farmer This, so far as is known,
was the first daily newspaper published
| in this town, and it was issued as q
morning paper.
The coy in Mr. Lawrence S possession
| is No. 3 and contains four pages, 20
inches long and IA l-3 inches wide, with
| five columns to a page
Local newspapers of today would
Lmake an event like the New England
and state fairs combined feature for
the front page, in fact probably would
give up the entire page to the story
but nothing about the fairs is found on
II
although it announced in its accounts
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1919-04-08

There is such variety in suits this
Spring, ranging from the severely tailored
modest poplin to pretentious Velour de
Lame
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1919-04-08
How chinaman Drinks Tea.

The Chinalnan in preparing tea
places a pinch of leaves in Chinese
tcacup, which is without handle,
pours boiling water over them and
places the cover on the cup. In
few seconds the tea is ready for drink
ing; the covered cup is raised to the
mouth, and, with the fingers OF the
hand holding the cup, the lid is moved
just sufficiently to permit the Liquid
to flow into the mouth as the cup Is
tilted.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1919-04-08

Mrs. Clarence S. Rider, who had been
i'll in her home two weeks, is improving.
Mrs. Leonard Taylor of Greenfield
visited over Sunday with her mother,
Mrs. L. H. Knapp.
Ernest A. Convey is i'll at his home
with a kidney trouble and is under the
care of physician.
The Woman's association will hold a
sewing meeting tomorrow afternoon in
the home of Mrs. l.. H. Stellman.
Julius Harris of Shelburne Falls
Mass, who came here to attend the fun.
eral of his uncle, Calvin Harris, which
was held Saturday, returned home Sun.
day evening.
l.. II. Knapp celebrated his SD birth.
day anniversary March %. Mr.. Knapp
who is engaged in the harness business
and does some earpentering, enjoys
good health and is able to be at his
place of business every day.
Mrs. John Bardens was discharged
Sunday from the Melrose hospital
where she had been a few weeks, fol
lowing an operation for appendicitis
Frank Norman of Jamaica, who under
went an operation TOT appenulc1tlS
was discharged Monday and went &c
his home.
A Parent Teacher association meet
| ing will be held in Academy hal
| Wednesday evening, April Q, at
clock. Captain E. w. Gibson will b,
| the speaker This will be an especial
ly interesting meeting and it is hoped
there will be large attendance. Every
| body is invited.
The funeral of Calvin Harris, wht
died Wednesday night. April 2, wa,
held at the home Saturday afternoon
at l clock, Rev. /. NJ. Compton offici
ating. Mrs. Cortes f. Farnum sang tw,
selections, Beautiful Isle of Somewhere
and There Is a Calm. The burial tool
4 place in Meeting House Hill cemetery
The bearers We're Hervey G. Harris
Daniel w. Harris, Wallace A. Harri
and William R. Harris, nephews of MI
Harris. Those who came from out o
town to attend the services were Jul
Jus Harris of Shelburne Falls and S.
Washer of West Dummerston.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1919-04-08

been numbering in Salisbury, was badly
cut about the face one day last week,
when falling tree hit limb. which
broke and struck Mr. Harbour in one
cheek, cutting that and his nose very
badly. He lost much blood before a ply
stefan was obtained and several stitches
had TO be taken to close the wound
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1919-04-08
VERMONT NEWS.

Col. w j. Keviie, Boston, in COM
which fought with the Goth division at
Verdun, st. Alihiel and Chateau Thierry,
has written history of the division
which will be made public upon the re-
turn of the men to the states. The train
is made up principally of the Green
Mountain boys. 1T is a striking fact, ?
says Capt. Keville, chat while the train
lost only IL men by death from Aug. y.
1917, to Dec. 3, 1918, which included nine
months of active service at the front in
the succeeding II days the total loss was
Is men, due to the influenza epidemic =
Mrs. Joseph Caren of Middlebury was
the victim of serious accident last Sat.
urday as the result Of fall through a
trap door in the loft of the barn where
she had been to feed pigeons The fall
was about 10 feet and she suffered frae-
tured collar bone, broken ribs and tori
tissues of the arm.
The Newport house property, at New
| port, owned by H. B. Stewart of Beebe,
| Que, has been sold to A. NJ. Bowen OF
| Farnham, Que. Mr. Stewart will give
possession to the new owner on May
| next 1t is reported that Mr.. Bowen, an
experienced hotel man, will make extern
sive repairs and alterations on the house
and refurnish it
4