Evening star., 1919-12-31
FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

While the treaty was, being nego-
tiated conditions remained very un-
settled not only in the territory which
had been included in the four de-
feared nations. but throughout Eu-
rope. Russia continued in state of
turmoil throughout the year. AL
though the bolshevist government.
under the direction of Lenin and
Trotsky, maintained its control over
IL large part of the former Russian
empire. it was hemmed IN on all
|sides by opposing groups, which at
Hacked il with varying success The
|new German republic during the early
part of the year faced serious oppo-
siticn from the radical Spartacan ele-
mfent. but by the adoption of severe
measures the government succeeded
lin maintaining itself. and order was
restored Poland. too, succeeded in
|weathering the storm and had estab-
|lished a stable government
A split among the German socialist
leaders resulted on January in
German National Iese1 inr The ng1 gov
Assembly Elected. eminent n n : ,snaa was
| but on January 9 its troops in Berlin
regained control of the situation On
January 16 DIR. Carl Liebknecht. lead
eT of the Spartacans, or anu-govern-
nent faction, was killed while at
tempting TO escape after arrest in
burg, long known as radical leader,
both in Russia and Germany, was
killed by a mob Disorders in Ger
many were quickly suppressed. and
ion January IS the people elected
rational assembly. the majority So
cialists, led by Chancellor Ebert, re-
tanning control by electing 164 out of
2 total of 421 members, the remain
der being divided among five other
parties The German assembly met
W., IT..hr ny
February IL elected Chancellor Ebert
az first president of the German re-
. public. after adopting provisional
| constitution In Poland opposing
. "a ctions reached an agreement on
January IL whereby Ignace Jan Pede-
r. wski became premier. with Cen Pill
| sl,dski as foreign minister and Mr.. De-
m oski, former Polish leader in the Rus
| sian duma. as president
On February 19 Premier Clemenceau
a. France was shot by an archist, but
assassins Attack Tsneed 1sTe,si age a'' ne e re-
Two Premiers. Sn eoVerse EebruarT ap,ekisyi q
Kurt Eisner. Independent socialist
premier of Bavaria, was assassinated
On March II Korean nat1onalists IS
sued declaration of independence
Serious disorders also were reported
in Egypt in support of the nationalist
demand for autonomy.
Austrian and Hungarian states were
also experiencing serious trouble On
March 16 a new German-Austrian gov
eminent was established at vienna
with DIR. Henner as chancellor: ooun,
Karolyi had been made president 'ol
the new Hungarian republic on jan
nary II. but on March 22 he was
forced to-resign and there was cohsti'
tuted a new government Which pro
claimed dicta torship OF the proie
n
san soviet government
On April 20 the bolshevists Is
Army, operating northeast o. S'eu :,
Bolshevists Keen have snrrendere'
Russia in Uproar and 20 'ne ne the erfil follow
ing day Admiral Kolchak reported I
severe defeat to The bolshevists. A
the time the allied and American
forces in northern Russia reported
defeat to the bolshevists.
In France on April %, the senat
passed bill establishing an elght
hour day for workmen.
The German government WaS
threatened on June | by the procla-
nation of n Rhine republic in vari-
Gus cities throughout the Rhine prov
f1ces of Germany, but the new re-
public was shortl'ved. On June Its
Leads were elected from their offices
by government troops and the move
lient came to an end
The ministry of Premier Orlando
was overthrown on June 19. and two
Premier Orlando oess cesco Niiti sa becam,
Falls in Italy. premier me ssn,s OF Italy ,in;,
the German cabinet resigned ant
Gustav Adolph Bauer was appointed
chancellor by President Ebert ant
formed new cabinet On June >
lie German fleet which had been in
termed in British waters was scuttlet
" German crews. twenty battleShip;
and cruisers being sunk
On July II the Turkish court-mar
tial which investigated the govern
71eut's war acts condemned to deatl
,nver Pasha Talaat Bey and Djeme
I'asha. France staged triumphan
,ictory parade on Bastile day, Jul,
-. The French national holiday. Gen
p.TshiHg and picked regimeat o
american troops occupied a corspic
t,ous place in the parade. Cen Per
slipg and the American troops ais