Evening journal., 1919-07-22
Terms ARE
QUEER LANGUAGE
About 200 Additions to English
Defined In "Flymg
Dictionary"
FEW KNOW SUCH
TERMS AS FUSELAGE

aerial navigation tho addltlon OF y
new words.
For tho benefit OF those as yet unat
quainted with the true meaning Of sue
words as "fuselage," ''naoelle," drift,
or "parasie resistance" flying die
tlonary" has been prepared with IN
aid of a report compiled by the Na
tlonal Advisory Committee for Aeron
autlcs.
Tho 200 or more sreronsutical word
or phrases in common use on the fly
Ing fields or in the aircraft plants ar
strangers TO the average reader. Fo
instance, everyone. probably. has hear,
OF the allOron, yet many may not know
that the silorons Of biplane are ar
ranged on the trailing edges In unlqu
manner, causing 10 90 respond at th'
slightest touch OF the controls anC
enabling the pilot TO ignore the latera
altitude OF the machine entirely. Al
alloron, 10 be more specific. is bit o.
a wing tip fixed on hinges back on the
rear edge at the ends OF the wings j
is controlled by wires. When moved
from the pilots seat the ailorons on
one side raise and those on the other
side decline proportionately. thereby
allowing tho wind pressure against
them TO tip the plane TO either side as
desired.
A biplane Is a two-winged machine,
one wing placed above the other. A
majority of the American and British
machines are biplsnes.
The trailing edge" is the rear edge
OF the wings. Speaking OF gliding, IL
means not only gliding but the angle
the part OF the a4rplane takes when 1t
descends under the influence OF gravity
alone. A plane usually glides by keep
ing It's nose fixed toward the horizon,
when II will glide straghtway eight
miles for every mile It Is above the
earth, or. eight in one.
An sirplane is a machine that de-
pends for support In the air on planes
or wings, and the propelling power of
It's motors to keep 1t there, overcom-
| ing gravity and at the same time pro-
pelling II forward. An airship is not an
airplane, but a balloon, elongated,
somewhat cigar-shaped and provided
with a propelllng system, car for pas
sengers, rudders and stabilizing sur
faces.
There are three kinds Of airshlps.
the nonrgld, whose form or shape is
alone maintained by the pressure OF
gas inside. and aided by the cables and
ropes which hold the passenger car
underneath. Then there is the rigid
airship, or one having a stiff wood or
metal framework inside the big gas
bag to hold its shape for It. The semi
rigid airship has a rigid metal or
wooden keel or spine along its under
side, which holds 10 partly in shape,
aided by the expansion OF gas inside.
Balloons and airships shave appendices,
too, The appendix Is a hose leading
from the bottom side Of tho gas bag
to the car and used for initiating II. or
i'm the case OF the old-fashloned spher-
ical balloon, like big rubber ball, II
serves TO equalize the gas pressure In
side.
An aviator Is an operator or pilot Of
an alrplane, or any heaver-than-air
craft. A balloon Is a lighter-than-air
craft. The term aviator" applies TO
either a man or woman who drives air
planes The term fuselage is common,
yet not wholly understood. II is the
body OF the airplane. or the fabric
covered framework which holds the
engine IN front, the pilots seat and |
passenger area in the center. between /
the wings and then turns back TO the |
tail.
The tail group" is general, and Il
contains. besides the rudder or rud-
iers. depending on the type OF ma
,hine, elevators In a horizontal posi-
Jon, one on either side OF the rudder,
md FMS which are verticle TO the ele-
'ators and are fixed. forming one plane
With the rudder when It is in a natural
,ositlon. The controls are the wheel
II "stck" for use OF the pilot IN
,uldlng his craft, the same as the
Wheel Of an automobile or the rudder
lar OF a boat A control has three
Ises. wherein other vehicles such as
he motorcar or boat only two uses
an be found for Il. The reason Is that
vlators have 10 contend with three
dimensions Motorcar or boat can
ravel only backward or forward. or
idewise A plane can do those things
nd besides can 60 either up or down.
A hangar Is a shed for an airplane.
IN airplane also has dope" in large
uantties Dope Is substance re-
embllng glue and so forth used in
reatlng the cloth surfaces OF air
llanes and balloons 10 increase
strength. produce tautness and act as a
lller 10 maintain the air and prevent
he fabric from leaking or tearing. It's
)ase usually Is cellulose. The nacelle
II an airplane or dirigible is a struc-
ture TO which the wings are attached.
The engine Is moored and the pas
sengers are stationed in Il. A nacelle
never extends back 10 the tail, but
protrudes out on front and
holds the propeller.
The term pancake" came INTO use
during the war. Il means that an air
plane when landing, stralghtens out al
most level with the groud instead OF
diving into IL. In other cases the tan
Is dropped lower than the nose so that
the wings catch the air and retard the
force Of the descent A pontoon ia
loat or buoyant construction attached
either under the wings of a hydroplane
)r flying boat or under It's body 10
teep II a1ost. When we speak In
erms OF speed, we mean air speel, or
he relative speed of an airplane in the
ir and deducting the actual speed Of
ne air from the resistance we have
,aveled. II we travel from one point
!, another in-i0 minutes making jhi