Arizona republican., 1919-09-12

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 watched the growth of this nation with astonishment, until a very interesting and strong thing happened. When We fought Cuba's battle for her, then they said: .Ah, it is the beginning of what We predicted; she will seize Cuba, and after Cuba, what she pleases to the south of her; it is the beginning of the history we have gone through our selves. They ought to hdrt knowh' they set us the example; and when we &C., tually fulfilled to the letter our promise that we would set helpless Cuba up as an independent government and guarantee her independence; when we carried out that great policy, we astounded and converted the world.
 Then began let me repeat the word began ss the confidence of the world in America; and l want to say to you tonight that nothing was more overpowering to me and my col leagues in Paris than the evidence of the absolute unquestioning confidence of the peoples of the world in the people | of America. tApplause). We are | touched by it ss not only touched l by it, but I must admit we were l frightened by it. because we knew that l they were expecting things of us that | we could not accomplish; we knew that | they were hoping for some miracle of | justice which would set them forward l the same hundred years that we have 1 travelled on the progress towards free government; we knew that it was a slow road; we knew that you could not l transform a people from a people of 1 subjects into people of self governing units; I tried and I perhaps re- turned a little to my old profession of teacher to point out to them | that some of the things they were ex- peeting of us would not be done now But they refused to be disabused of their absolute confidence and America could and would do anything that was right for the other peoples of the world | An amazing thing, and what was more 1 interesting still, my fellow citizens, you know that it happened l will ex- plain in a moment what l mean by the word happened sit happened that America laid down the specifications for peace; it happened that America proposed the principles upon which the peace with Germany should be built 1 used the word happened because have found, and everybody who has looked into the hearts of the people et | this country and some of the people or the other side of the water, have found that the people on the other side of the water, whatever may be said about their government, have learned their lesson from America before; and they | believed in those principles before we promulgated them, and their statesmen | knowing that their people believed ir them, accepted them before the Amer ican representatives crossed the sea; so that we found them ready to lay down the foundations of that peace along the lines that America had sug- gested and all of Europe was aware that what was being done was the l building up of American principles We were under a big compulsion tc carry the work to the point from whicf we had followed our convictions from the first.
 All people knew we were doing an American thing when we put the cove nant of the league of nations at the beginning of the treaty.
 "One of the most interesting things that happened over there was that some of the most cynical men I had to deal with-and there were some cynics over there-men who believed in what has come to be known as the late Oar winian idea of the survival of the fit test'-in the nature the strong eats up the weak and in politics the strong 1 overcomes and dominates the weak. It 1 has always been so. and it is always going to be so. When I first got to Paris they talked about the league of nations indulgently in my presence and politely. 1 think some of them had the idea: oh well, we must humor Wilson along, so he won't make big fuss about it. Some of these very men, before our conference was over, suggested more often than anybody else that some of the most difficult and delicate tasks in carrying out this peace should be left to the league of nations. (Applause) They all ad- mitted that the league of nations which they had deemed an ideal dream, was demonstrable and practical neces- sity. (Applause).
 This treaty can not be carried out without the league of nations.
 Suppose that the land titles of Montana were clearly enough stated and somewhere recorded, but yet there was no way of enforcing them; do you know what would happen? Every one of you would enforce his own land
 
 1 long ago. (Applause). If this is a poor speech, I hope none of you do tonight. eApplause). And you would ] resume the practice if there wasn't anybody to guarantee your legal titles; you would have to resort to the habit l if society should not guarantee them You have got to see to it that others respect them for your own protection and that was the condition of Europe and will be the condition of Europe l again if the settled land titles whicf we have laid out are not guaranteed l by organized society and the only organized society that can guarantee 1 them is a society of nations; but it was ] not easy to draw the lines. It was not l a surveyors task. In some places there l was an almost inextricable mixture oi two or more populations. We said This is a difficult business. Sitting in Paris we cannot tell by count how many Poles there are in High Silesia or how many Germans, and if we could count them we can not tell from Paris what they want. High Silesia does not belong to us; 1t does not belong to anybody but the people who live ir it. We'll do this. We'll put that terri tory under the care of the league oi nations for limited period. We will establish a small armed force there made up of contingents from the diff l ferent allied nations so that none oi them will be in control; and then we will hold referendum and Upper Silesia shall belong either to Germany or Poland, as the people in Upper Silesia desire (Applause) And that is only one case of half a dozen. The league of nations is to see it, in re- gions where the makeup of the popu- lations is doubtful and the desire of the population is as yet uncertain; the league of nations is to be the instru mentality by which the territories oi