davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31
LINE BREEDING is FAVORED
Common and Desirable Practice Is En-
coursged>by Cooperative Bull
Associations.

! prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
| A bull association having as many
as five or six breeding blocks should
keep and use all its good bulls as long
rs they are fit for service. Advancing
the bull to the next block at the end of
two years does not eliminate him; it
simply makes it possible to avoid in
breeding. Line breeding, on the other
hand, is common and desirable pTac-
tice. and the bull association offers ex-
ceptional opportunities for conducting
hat kind of breeding In an associa-
ton composed of breeders of pure
bred dairy cattle carefully selected
bulls produced in one block may be
used in other blocks, and the organiza-
.tion may thus continue indefinitely
without purchasing bulls from outside
sources If such a plan seems adviSa-
ole The same practice may be fol-
lowed when only few high-class reg
istered cows are owned by members
Of any association. The cooperative
bull association, therefore, offers an
excellent opportunity for intelligent
breeding. Skillful mat
ing, when combined with careful Sc
lection of the best animals, makes
great Improvement possible.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31
GERMANY MUST PAY
important Commercial Centers
Destroyed Beyond Repair.
PEOPLE ARE LEFT HOMELESS
Country Should Be Forced to Pay fol-
Ruthless Destruction as Far az
Within the Power of Its
People.
BY WRIGHT A. PATTERSON.

In August, 1914, the city of Lens in
northern France was prosperous
community of close-to $4,000 people. II
was known as the Pittsburgh of
France, and It's coal fields were the
one great source of supply of fuel for
the nation. Its steel and iron mills
supplied much of the material for
French railroads, shipbuilding and
other industries. Its people were in
dustrfous and thrifty, living in COM
Portable homes, surrounded by the
modest Injuries of an Industrial COM
nunity.
All that is left of Tens today is q
crumbling pile of debris. No single
wall of the city is still standing, and
hardly a piece of a wall as much as
ten feet square can be seen amid the
terrible ruins. Both the buildings
and the machinery of its factories are
gone completely. Its coal mines are
flooded and the machinery with which
hey were operated has been destroyed.
And all this because Germany start
ed a war for the purpose of conquest;
a war in which no principle other than
that of selfishness was involved. To
day Germany is crushed nation. Her
plans for world domination miscarriad,
her armies have been defeated, but
before these things happened the city
of Lens had been destroyed.
/ stood amid the ruins of what had
once been the attractive and prosper
GUS industrial community of Lens and
watched hundreds of her people who
had returned after the Germans had
been driven back, as they searched for
the spo's on which their homes had
once stood, as they dug into the debris
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31
Do YOU YAWN AT CONCERTS?
II So, There Is a Reason, Which Is
Thus Explained by Modern
Song Writer.

If person yawns during a sym
phony concert and twists his program
instead of being absorbed in classical
music it may not be his fault. 1t may
be due to an undeveloped pituitary
body, which is located in the BRAIN
back of the temples.
This is according to Cyril Scott, the
song writer, in his "The Philosophy
of Modernism In Connection With
Music" Mr.. Scott says that this pitu-
itary body is highly susceptible to mu-
steal vibrations, if normally developed.
In other words, it is the seat of the
emotions. He goes further and adds
that it is the seat of the astral or sub
limal self. This is in keeping with
the theory Of the ancients that this
gland is the seat of the soul.
In commenting on Mr.. Scott's state
ment, Medicine and Surgery Magazine
says:
"At time like this when the pitu-
itary body is the paramount topic Of
in medical circles on ac-
count Of its influence on our under
weight or overweight, Cyril SCOTS
message in regard to its attitude to-
ward music should give us pause. The
faulty pituitary body can be corrected,
no doubt, by treatment; made super
and vibrant; thus person
Indifferent to music may become highly
to It,"
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31

There mas long been cultivated on
the west coast f South America p
plant called "quinoa," which botanists
and ceral experts believe may prove an
excellent substitute for wheat, in fact
preferable to the substitutes now in
use. says the November Popular Me-
chanics Magazine. This plant, now at
tracing particular attention because
of the shortage of foodstuffs. has been
cultivated in South America in more
or less primitive fashion, since pre-
Inca days. The department of agricul-
ture has imported several lots of
guinea seed and seed of related spe-
cies. and is making experiments with
II in the hope of finding suitable soil
and climate in this country for its cuI-
tivation. "a
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31
Bull Associations

The first bull association in the Uni
ted States was organized in 1908 by
the Michigan Agricultural college. 1t
was cooperative venture similar to
those which have existed in Europe for
long time. On July /, 1917, there
were in this country SO active associa-
tons in II states, with a total mem
belship Of 1,158, owning 189 pure-bred.
bulls. These cooperative organiza.
tions enable the owners of small herdt
to unite in the purchase of one gooo
bull, so that each may own share in
a registered sire of high quality.
Though still in its infancy, the CO.
operative bull association movement
promises to become eventually very
great factor In the improvement 81
dairy cattle In tho United StataA
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31
Gone West.

The phrase ''go8e west" used so
much during the war, is not new
one in the language of the Maori,
though he does not say it quite in that
way. The Maori religion provides no
such place as hell. A person gets his
or her deserts in this life and after
ward goes by ''the broad path Of
Tame" j. e., the track of the setting
sun, TO a huge meeting place where
are gathered the souls OF all the de
parted. There they will wait till mem
bers Of all the tribes and hapus and
families who are still on earth have
joined them. when all will move on to
whichever heaven they are hidden TO.
go. There are u heavens in the Ma
Urls mythology. And the course which
leads to any of them is the west.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31
WORRIED OVER HAT
Legislators Must Solve Problem
Of Etiquette.
Hufes Governing Procedure Of Eritssh
House of Commons VIII Have
to Be Radically Revised to
Fit New Times.

i
Members of the British house OF
commons stand self-accused, and wom-
en- are beginning TO understand why
there was so much opposition on the
question of their being allowed to sit
Y parliament.
"The house Of commons is ne. fit
and proper place for respectable wop,-
en- TO sit in" said Sir Hedworth Meux.
making speech in regard TO the pro-
| posat Il oppose this resolution" he
| continued, mot because do not love
| the female sex. but because | adore
women. But is it G proper thing for
women TO be sitting here until IL
O'Clock at night? When we sit until
and in the morning the historic cry
of Who goes homer will become Who
will take me homer"
In the future the big strangers gal
lerr will be open to women as well as
men, but the ladies' gallery will still
continue TO be restricted to the exciu-
sive use of women, so that whatever
Of privileged sex position still remains
in parliament will be to the advantage
of the gentle sex. Thus are the tables
turned.
Many amusing queries are being put
to perpIexed politicians. The concen-
trated wisdom of a thousand years
has made rules, and the rules have
been for men only.
One thing that becomes problem
is the etiquette Of the hat. A rule in
this connection is that if a member
wishes to address the house he must
remain Uncovered" Male members
Bow have visions of the new woman
member standing up and removing her
latest Paris creation. OF necessity she
must have a mirror to arrange her
disheveIed locks.
Another point Of etiquette DEGREES
that when rising to speak in debate
the member must be covered" VIII
head of the nearest victim so as to be
in order?
The hat problem becomes more and
more complicated as matters proceed.
When member is referred TO in
speech by another member-especialiy
in the case of a compliment from
minister (and the male members gloom
lily foresee that women win get the
lions share of these)-he acknowi-
edges it by raising his hat. BY the
time the female member has finished
wrestling with half dozen hafpins
the minister will be through with his
and on to the next subject
for debate.
These. and other similar problems,
ire vexing political etiquette. What is
yoing TO happen to parliament if all
he formalities and rules are TO be
iwept away in a tempestuous whirl Of
;etticoats? The honorable male MEM
,ers don't know-but the women de-
lare the time thus saved will be spent
n making common-sense laws for the
.ood of mankind
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31
Some Birds Generally Useful

1t is in their relation to insect
and other enemies to crops that
birds are most directly associ-
ated with the welfare of man. Ii
is not possible to give hard-and-
fast rule, applicable to the whole
country, as to whether any GER
tain bird is beneficial or injuri-
Gus to farmers, but in the United
States department of agricul-
lures farmers bulletin 630,
"Some Common Birds Useful to
the Farmer more than so spe-
cieS of birds common to farming
sections are discussed. The
birds treated in the bulletin are:
Bluebird. robin, titmouse, wren,
brown thrasher. catbird, swal-
low, towhee, sparrow, house
finch, grackle, brewer blackbird,
Baltimore oriole. Bullock's ORR
ole, meadowlark, red-winged
blackbird, bobolink, crow, blue-
jay, Pacific Coast jay, phoebe,
kingbird, nighthawk, woodpeck-
er, cuckoo and bobwhite.
:
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31

Two or three cowboys from 4 ranch
In the western part of the United
States we're sent to q camp near my
home. Shortly after their arrival one
of them was on guard duty until about
a. m, at which time be returned to
the barracks, where he found every
one peacefully sleeping. He lei out a
cowboy yell, "Yip. zip. zip. n, II. Vi.
VI, yaa. hoo!' The rest Of the men,
waking up In alarm, asked what was
the matter. and he replied. r want
you all to wake up and 90 10 deep
with me. Chicago Tribune.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31

sion service and started in to farm. All
| the money he had was $3.50, but there
was no lack Of energy and ambition in
his makeup-and that goes a long way
| in farming.
That $50, hard-earned money, too
was the first payment on 100 acres
| and very poor horse and one COW
comprised the initial live stock.
Nerve and integrity, though, an
swered as security for another horse,
and careful management and good
financial judgment produced results
demonstration to make the second pay
ment on his place in the fall. This
was largely from receipts from butter,
chickens and eggs.
This is the account of the rest of
the achievements, told by the county
agent:
1.-The second year he bought better
team and was enabled to cultivate his
crop in the better way as he eX-
pressed it. The second year he met
his third payment and had some sur
plus funds left and was in a position
to go on cash basis the next year.
The fourth payment on his farm was
met promptly and with a larger sur
plus of money than before. Besides, he
had number OF good COWS, hogs and
horses, and a flock of chickens and
turkeys. From this years work he had
sold $1,650 worth of cotton and seed
marketed $720 worth of feed, besides
having enough on hand for farm use
next year, sold $40 worth of poultry
and now has over 100 hens on the
farm. He has sufficient hogs for his |
meat and will offer for sale about S20O |
worth besides.
''He has ON the farm $500 worth of !
horse stock, has some good mich cows |
and has S1,250 on deposit to his credit |
in the local bank. He is erecting lit |
tie house and says that the farm and |
rs happy associations are good enough |
FOR him. The vital point of this story |
IF this farmers operations during the /
past four years is that he has paid
or his farm. is free from debt, and
las placed himself upon cash basis,
Ind has accumulated a surplus while
| neighbor on an adjoining farm of
40 acres is barely making "a living
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31
SUPPLYING WATER TO COWS
During Winter Season Temperature
Should Be Kept is to 20 Degrees
Above Freezing.

Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
During the winter, when cows are
stabbed the greater part of the time,
and unless arrangements have been
made to keep water before them all
the time, they should be watered two
or three times a day. II possible. the
water should be 10 to 20 degrees above
TIE freezing point, and should be sup
piled at practically the same tempera'
ture every dag.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31
they can be made to pay for lnem 81
far as dollars can nay.

they can be made to pay Tor lnem 81
far as dollars can pay.
And with the passing of this city
there passed away many thousand
lives of British soldiers who today lie
buried around the place they so brave
~ defended. One possibly better re.
allies here the terrors of this war than
at any other one spot. Here the Ger
mans held the hills to the east Of the
city, and the British defenders occu-
pied the low-lying fields between the
hills and the city. For them dugouts
or deep trenches were out of the Ques-
ton as the land is but little above
sea level. And here, in what is almost
marsh, the British Tommies lay
month after month, through winter and
summer, fair target for the Boche
guns on the nearby hills.
When / was in Ypres late in Octo-
Der, many Of the people to whom it
had been home, were there digging
hopelessly in the rubbish in vain eff
fort to find some small thing that could
be associated with the homes that the
Germans had destroyed in their effort
to secure world domination by war
of conquest.
City Of Walls Only.
The city of Menin in Belgium, was
not shelled by either army, and yet it
is city that Germany should pay for.
The walls of Menin are standing, but
it is city of walls only. The floors,
the roofs, the joists, the doors and win
dows and the door and window castings
are gone, all torn out by the invading
Boche, with the result that the people
of Menin are as homeless as the peo-
pie of Lens and Ypres and hundreds of
other cities and towns in the invaded
countries.
rode through devastated Armen-
there's, Bailleul, La Bassee, Douai,
Cambria, Roisel, Peronne, Albert, Ar
ras, st. Quentin, Guiscard, Noyon,
Thiaucourt, Vigneulles and
hundreds of smaller towns, and the
story Of devastation was always the
same, with but little variation, devas-
sation caused by the Boche, and for
which the Boone Sh0ulc pay, anc Tor
which the price assessed will never be
high enough.
In many ways the hellishness of thu
Boche has been demonstrated. The
,ity of Arras has not suffered such
complete destruction as has fallen
Upon many other cities. Here the Ger
nan gunners conferred their fire upon |
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31
MANY BIRDS ARE
USEFUL ON FARM
What 1t Eats Decides Whether
Feathered Songster Is Bene-
fetal or Injurious.
MANY FRIENDS OF FARMERS
Department of Agriculture Offers to
Tell Agriculturst Whether Inhabi-
tants of Fields Are Doing
More Good Than Harm.

! Whether bird is beneficial or in
! furious to growing crops depends al
most entirely upon what it eats. II
it consumes harmful insects the bird
| is an ally of the farmer; il it feeds
largely on growing>- crops it may be
an enemy. Not all birds are bene-
fetal, but the useful kinds far out
number the injurious, and so great is
| their value as insect destrOyers in the
United States that to them the United
States department of agriculture gives
credit of being one of the greatest con-
trolling factors in limiting the devel-
opment of insect pests and in prevent
ing many disastrous outbreaks.
In the case of species which are
abundant or which feed to some extent
on crops, the question of their aver
age diet becomes one of supreme i'm
portance and only by stomach eXami-
nations can it be satisfactorily solved.
Field observations have proved to be
inconclusive. Birds are often accused
of eating this or that product of cul-
tivation, when an examination of the
stomachs shows the accusation to be
false.
Aid Offered to Farmers.
The biological survey of the United
States department of agriculture hes
conducted in the past few years a sys-
tematic investigation of the food of
the species most common about farms
and gardens and offers to supply infor-
nation to any farmer in doubt as to
whether his birds are an asset or a
liability.
Within certain limits birds eat the
kind of food that is most accessible,
when their natural food is
scarce or wanting. Thus they some
times injure the crops of the farmer
who has unintentionally destroyed |
their natural food in his Improvement |
of swamp or pasture. Much of the
damage done by birds and complained
of by farmers and fruit growers arises
from this very cause. The berry-bear-
ing shrubs and seed-bearing weeds
have been cleared away, and the birds
have no recourse but to attack the cul-
tivated grain or fruit which has re-
placed their natural food supply.
Destroy Many Insects
The great majority of land birds
,ubsist upon insects during the period
If nesting and melting, and also feed
heir young upon them during the first
ew weeks. Many species live almost
,ntirely upon insects. taking vegetable
God only when other subsistence fails.
t Is thus evident that in the course of :
year birds destroy an incalculable :
lumber of insects, and it is difficult to
the value of their serv-
ces in restraining the great tide of in
ect life.
In winter, in the northern part Of /
be country, insects become scarce or
ntirely disappear. Many species of
'rds, however. remain during the cold /
eason and are able to maintain life ,
y eating vegetable food, as the seeds
{ weeds. Here again is another use /
4 function Of birds in destroying |
lese weed seeds and thereby lessen /
Ig the growth Of the next year. 1t
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31

improving the milk supply. This as
sistance may mean the making of
general survey lasting only few days
or very intensive inspection lasting
two or three months.
During the last year personal aid
was given to SO cities in IA states. In
addition to this, assistance was given
the United States public health serv-
ice by conducting sanitary milk sur
yeys and in improving the milk supply
of IL extra cantonment zones.
All phases of city milk supply are
covered. Inspection of diaries, milk
plants and other distributing centers
are made, samples of the products are
taken and analysed, both chemically
and bacteriOIogically. When neces-
sary, help is given in the installation
of laboratories and technique and in
the Interpretation of the results of
chemical and bacterial analyses.
Special meetings may be held
among both producers and consumers
of milk i'm order to arouse interest in
the local milk supply. Advice in fran
ing ordinances to cover dairy and milk
conditions is also offered.
An important feature is the milk
content work. in which specialists as
sist in, institutfng these contests and
act as judges in scoring the product TO
determine the relative standing of
milk producers. These contests en-
courage rivalry among dairymen and,
in consequence, tend to improve the
milk supply of a city.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31

In an effort to rescue from it some on'
thing, some memento of that home the.
had loved as much, or even more thai
we Americans love our homes. / saw
the tears on the cheeks of many al
they toiled. saw an old woman car
rying away, as the only thing she
could find, piece of broken chair
and I thought, who shall pay for this
devastation, this misery?
There Is But One Answer.
Are the broken, homeless people OF
Lens to pay? Are the people of France
to pay? Are the people of England or
America or Belgium to pay? Or are
the Germans to pay?
To be'sure the city of Lens was de-
stroyed by shells fired largely from
British guns. But they were fired into
the city because the invading Ger
mans in the city must be driven
out that not only France, but the
world, might be freed of the menace
of German domination; and the debris
that once was Lens stands today as
a striking monument to German greed
and to the accuracy and efficiency of
British artillery.
Could the people of America have
seen the people searching those ruins
as saw them; could they have seen
the tears as 1 saw them they would
have said, as I said, Germany must
pay, and she must continue to pay
until this fair city and many, many
others like it, have been restored;
until these people and their descend
ants are again the happy, prosperous,
contented people they were before the
hell of German wantonness and selfish
ness was let loose in 1914.
What happened In Lens has hap
pened In many other cities and towns
In France, in Belgium, in Italy, in
Serbia, in Roumania, In Poland, and
for all Of them Germany and her al
lies should pay, and pay, and pay.
Cruel Fate Of Ypres.
Another example OF the hellishness
Of this German war Of conquest is seen
IN what was once the beautiful and
historic city Of Ypres. In Belgium.
This town is today but one mass Of
ruins. Its wonderful Cloth Hall and
St Martins church. both considered
among the marvels of Europe and both
dating back to the thirteenth century,
ire gone, never to be restored. There
d NO way by which the Germans can
Ifve back to the world these beauti-
~ mmunentg u past centuries. but i
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31

IMPROVE CITY MILK SUPPLY
Important Factor Given Attention by
Dairy Division of Department
of Agriculture.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Agricuiture.)
Sanitary milk control-an important
factor in city welfare and a big prob
lem of the city health department
receives personal attention from the
dairy division of the United States de.
partment of agriculture. Specialists
in sanitary production and handling
of milk are usually available, and
upon request of the city health de-
partments they are sent to assist in
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31

| the cathedral, and day after day, week
after week and month after month
they continued to pour a rain of metal
upon this beautiful Old church until
today it is nothing but mass of pow
dered stone. Germany cannot give
back that cathedral of Arras, but she
can pay and should pay for the need
less, senseless destruction.
And the fair cities and towns that
have been so ruthlassly destroyed are
but incidents in the devastation caused
by this war, and fer all of which Ger
many and her allies, and they alone,
are responsible, and for all of which
they should pay.
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31
Farms way TO Success.

On farm demonstration work and
he careful study and practice Of the
,est farm methods is what a former
FORE clerk in Texas bases his claim to
recess. This man, firing Of indoor
q rot IN couch with the state extern
The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1919-01-31

Young pea pods are largely eaten n
Europe and are described - tender,
gucculent and wholesome.