davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-11

Sc da. Pues bien: a los que no
tienen bastante penetration para
prescindir de la exterioridad de
la cosa y sentir compassion Sque
otra clase de compassion, puede de-
dicarsele que la del desprecio?
"Aunque este ralato de mi con-
duci6n la carcel para que Sc COM
prenda' cuan dificil me fue no
i hundirme en- la desesperaci6n. Me
! recojo y hasta tengo momentos
de resignation. En- Ell bottom de
una flor puede esconderse toda la
primavera asi tai vez todo 10 be-
llo que la vida aun me reserva,
este contenido en- estos momen-
tos de resignation y hmullacion." :"
Hasta la hora de la catastrofe
habfa vivido Oscar Wilde tan So
10 para las exterioridades de la
existencia, Ell la adoracion de la
belleza, en- la molicie, en- la locu-
ra del vicio. Ell choque con la rea-
lidad lie lleva a Reading y ALA,
conservando inteegras sus facul-
tades mentales, Sc We por prime
ra vez tai como es el Y por pri-
mera vez lie habla su alma La
desgracia lie abre ell camino de la
redenci6n. As1 10 dijo a una ami
ga que amos despues lie encontro en-
Paris. iPor que ha dejado usted
de escribir? lie pregunto. "Es-
crib1 mientras no conoc1a la vida ="
contesto Wilde. ''Ahora que la
conozco, otengo NADIA que de-
cir; la vida no puede ser desert
ia, ha de ser vivida." Y tras de
una pausa anadio: "juiere usted
conocer mi secreto? He encontra-
do mi alma. Acabe por ser feliz
en- la carcel, porque ALI encontre
mi alma. Lo que escrib1 antes,
10 escribi sin ella. Pero 10 que
me dicta ahora ell alma mia, 10
leera alg1n dia ell mundo; es ell
mensaje del ser mfo a las almas
de los hombreS.
Cumplida la condena Sc tras-
lado Wilde a Paris, donde ell que
antes see considerable como eel
rey de la vida" llev6 una exis-
tencia obscura y rayana en- in
digencia. Hasta cambio su apelli-
do, usando ell de Sebastian Mel
moth, " a fin de que", como es-
cribio a un amigo, eel cartero
no sufra un accidente al leer ell
mio propio.
Pocos anos dur6 ell destierro del
infeliz; en- otono del ano 1900 la
muerte piadosa puso fin su exis-
tencia. Y con ell 1ltimo destello
de su energia pidi6 en- su lecho de
muerte ser recibido en- ell seno de
la iglesia cat6lica. Su fiel amigo
Roberto Ross, que desde tempo
conoc1a la creciente inclination de
Wilde hacia ell catolicismo, cum
plio sus deseos, procurandole los
consuelos de la Iglesia.
Los restos de Wilde descansan
en- ell cementerio de "Pere La
chaise". Pocos amos despues de
SUI muerte Sc elev6 sobre su tumba
una monumento ftinebre, donacion
de un admirador del desdichado
poeta..
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-11
Febrero Z (viernes)

No. 1912.-Ana Maria Sugar
Co., Inc. V. Miguel Castro, ct
al Nulidad. Abogados: Feliu
& Alemany, Francisco Soto
Gras, Jose Sabater y Rodolfo
Ramirez.
No. 1940.-Pedro Nieva Man
quail v. Guanica Centrale. Cum
plimiento de contrato. Aboga-
dos: Jose Sabater y Jose Tous
Soto.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-11

AMOS DE BUEN EXITO, tiene
81 PAINKILLER, en- la curaci6n
de quemaduras, contusiones, y de-
sarreglos del est6mago intesti-
nos. Refuse los substitutes. No
hay mas PAINKILLER, que ell de
PERRY DAVIS. Advt. 10
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-11
Febrero II (martes)

No. 1938.-Matilde Rios Ova-
lie ct al. v. Magdalena .Amor6s
ct al. Inexistencia de contrato.
Abogados: Jose Tuos Soto, Jo-
Sc A. Poventud y Lopez de Tord
& Zayas Y Pizarro.
No 1937.-Jose Sanchez y Gu
tierrez v. Atlas Commercial Co.
Indemnizaci6n. Abogados: Hen
ry G.. Molina st. Remy y Angel
A. Vazquez.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-11

CAJAS DE JUGUETES SUR.
TIDAS A PRECIOS MUY BA-
JOS. PIDA LA LISTA.
GONZALEZ PADIN co. INC.
Advt.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-11
ssITUAcIoN iDEFICIL

Ia paralizaci6n de los trabajos
en- Ia fabricas de tabacos en- Puer-
ia de TERRA esta ocasionando
gran malestar en- aquel vecindario
cuYa principal poblacion esta for
mada con torcedores y sus fami-
liafss,
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-11
EN TonA EpocA DELL ANo.

EN- TODA EPoCA DEL ANO,
cl PAINKiLLER es inapreciable.l
Sonara las heridas, trinchaduras
y contusiones. Tornado cura CO.
licos y diarrea. Refuse todo subs
tituto. No hay mas PAINKI-
LLER, que el de PERRY DAVIS.
Adyt. 10
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-11

Para refrescos finos visite
LA CAFETERIA
San Justo. 6. San Juan, P. R
Advt.
El Imparcial. (San Juan, P.R.) 1918-197?, 1919-01-11
The Unhappy Master

Sensacionales Documentos de la
Vida Intima del Gran Poeta Os-
car Wilde que salen a La Luz
Publica :
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18

and died from them. Deaths and
sickness can be greatly lessened
this year if each individual will do
his part in avoiding them.
Have yourself and family and every
one dependent upon you inoculated
at once. Nearly five hundred thous-
and have been inoculated in Ken
lucky. Very few of those have de-
veloped influenza, and less than a
dozen have died from pneumonia.
Material for incubation is furnished
free by the State Board of Health.
Go to your doctor and be inoculated.
If you are not able to pay for the
service, go to your Health Officer and
have it done without cost. Avoid
visiting the sick, especially if they
have colds or sore Threats.
1t is frequently difficulty even for
a doctor to tell a bad cold from mild
influenza. Pneumonia, in nearly
every case, is following neglected
mild influenza. If you take cold, go
home for the safety of the commu-
nifty, to we'll ventilated room by
yourself, for the safety of your fam
lily, and to your bed for your own
safety. Send for your doctor, but if
you are unable to get him, take a
dose of castor oil, drink water freely,
and eat soups, eggs and other soft
food, sailed to taste. Avoid whisky.
1t neither prevents nor cures influ-
enza. Stay in bed until the cold is
well, and if you stay by yourself the
chances are you will not. develop
pneumonia. If you do these things
and have been inoculated, you are
practically certain not to develop
pneumonia.
Cover your nose and mouth with
your handkerchief when sneezing or
coughing, and persuade others to do
so. Don't go where crowds are, and
if you find yourself where someone
is sneezing and coughing, leave i'm
mediately.
Local epidemics of influenza are
now occurring and are likely to oc-
cur from time to time for the next
two or three years, but they can be
avoided by any community, family
or individual if they will do these
things.
Be inoculated to-day!
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18
BAD BREATH
DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets Get
at the Cause and Remove It

DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets, the substi.
tute for calomel, act gently on the bowels
and positively do the work.
People afflicted with bad breath find
quick relief through DR.. Edwards
Olive Tablets. The pleasant, sugar.
coated tablets are taken for bad breath
by all who know them.
DIR. Edwards Olive Tablets act gently
but firmly on the bowels and liver,
stimulating them to natural action,
clearing the blood and gently purifying
the entire system. They do that which
dangerous calomel does without any
of the bad after effects.
! All the benefits of nasty, sickening,
gripping cathartics are derived from Dr..
Edwards Olive Tablets without gripping.
pain or any disagreeable effects.
Dr.. F. NJ. Edwards discovered the
formula after seventeen years of prac-
tice among patients afflicted with
bowel and liver complaint with the
attendant bad breath.
Dr.. Edwards Olive Tablets are purely
a vegetable compound mixed with olive
oil; you will know them by their olive
color. oTake one or two every night for
week and note the effect. 10c and 25c
Per box. All druggists.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18
LOCAL EXPRESS EMPLOYEES AT.
TEND LOUISVILLE MEETING

The Better Service Campaign
Meeting" of representatives of the
American Railway Express Company
held at the Seelbach Hotel in Louis
vile, KY, Sunday, March 9Th, was
attended by the following representa-
tives of the local office: C. E. Coli
yer, Agent, Miss Mary Clanan, CASH
Ter, j. S. Richards, Chief Clerk, Hor-
ace Bartlett, Night Clerk.
They state this to be one of the
largest meetings of the kind ever
held, being a elimination of a Sc
ries of meetings held by local orga-
nizations all over the entire system,
and was attended by officials and en-
ployes of all branches in the Ken.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18
FARMING IN OKLAHOMA.
(By w. E. Stilwell)


If the Bluegrass farmer knew the
hardships of the Southwest, they
would appreciate more this beautiful
farming land. Most of that section
is watered by wells and few rivers,
the drinking water is very poor, some
Of it it gip water, which causes
kind of collie to most everyone that
drinks it. Many fine herds of Short
horn and Hereford cattle are grown
there. Many of the Western breed
ers go there to buy their breeding
cattle. The crow ranch in Montana,
of 10000 acres, and grazing $4,000
cattle, sent an order for 200 bulls.
The main crops are alfalfa, sudan,
kafir corn and sorghum. Sudan
makes fine hay and two cuttings
year is made. Corn and gardens sell
dom make crop. The hot winds and
lack of moisture dries them up. The
wind blows very hard, filling every
crack and keyhole with sand. It gets
in your eyes, shoes and pockets. The
sun shines most every day in winter.
1t will rain and storm all night, next
morning the sun comes out warm
and the birds sing, and you almost
forget the bowling coyote and the
raging storm. The roads are sandy
and they never shoe their horses and
mules. Their wagon frames are built
with high Stats to keep the hay from
blowing away. Most every farm
house has storm pit in the yard. A
few years ago twister struck a sec.
ton near the river. 1t just swept
everything in it's path, killed people,
live stock, barns, houses and wagons
were blown for miles. The land is
most all level; the soil is sandy in
some parts and a black loan in an
other. The black loan grows fine
wheat. The land is easy to Guilt
tivate. The four-horse lister is used
for corn planting. They call our
corn planters top planters, and they
have abandoned their use.
That country is noted for poultry
and many quail abound there. Many
hogs are bred for the market and the
pun CDl GU dix UCluS CSIdUllouCO al
over the State.
The red man still owns his oil and
farming land, and only a few have
learned to work, so he leases it to
the white man. The Indians still
cling to their old custom of select
ing their Chiefs. He has to be test
ed and tried before he becomes Chief
of a tribe. About 5000 will gather
at camping ground to witness and
take part in the contest.
The contest begins at sunrise and
they dance until the sun goes down.
Their music is drum and a song of
hay hay, hay, and a VOW, VOW, VOW.
They never eat or drink. If they give
out they lay down and rest, then re-
turn to their task. Some faint and
fall and are attended by physician
that is there for that purpose. In
October, 1918, at Watonga, Okla,
the test lasted from Monday sunrise
until Saturday evening at sunset, and
the Chiefs medal was presented by
Pocahonta, H. Then a big feast was
spread, and they all denced and sang
hay. hay, hay and VOW, VOW, VOW. I'd,
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18
HELP THE KIDNEYS
Paris Readers Are Learning The
Way.

It's the little kidney ills
The lame, weak or aching back
The unnoticed urinary disorders
That may lead to dropsy and
Bright's disease.
When the kidneys are weak, help
them with Doan's Kidney Pills..
A remedy especially for weak kid
neys.
Doan's have been used in kidney
troubles for SO years.
Endorsed by $4,000 people-en-
dorsed at home.
Proof in a Paris citizens state
ment.
Mrs. Chas. McCord, South Pleas
ant street, says: II have used
Doan's Kidney Pills at different times
getting them from Oberdorfer's Drug
Store and I have found them a
splendid medicine. Whenever my
kidneys have acted irregularly or my
back has been weak and lame, have
found box or so of Doan's Kidney
Pills sufficient to cure me Of the at
tack"
Price 60c at all dealers. Don't
simply ask for kidney remedy-get
Doan's Kidney Pills-the same that
Mrs. McCord had. Foster Milburn
Co., Mfrs, Buffalo, N. Y.
(adv)
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18
World Heavy With Sorrow.

The world In which we are living
our lives, and In which we will con-
tnue to live, Is a world heavy with
SORROW and sadness. The war has
wrought a ruin which will take many
years to repair. Those of Us who are
alive will never see the end Of this
great task. So there IL q clear task
before rs. We must help those who
have been hurt and broken, and COM
fort those who have been made soF-
rowful. Just because the task IL 90
big 1t challenges as to do our best,
to stop playing at being Christians,
and to strive with all our might and
power to do our best.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18
DESTRUCTIVE FIRE AT BROOKS
VILE TUESDAL NIGHT.

Fire swept the business district Of
Brooksville, Bracken county, Tues
day night, causing loss that will
exceed 100000. Maysville was ap-
pealed to for aid. but firemen could
not reach the scene in time. The
following buildings were destroyed:
Flannery's department store, More
heads grocery, Holden's confection-
cry, Parsons insurance building and
Thompson & Corlis' undertaking es-
adjustment. Senator Byron's law
Office also burned. 4,
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18
10 THE PEOPLE OF KENTUCKY.

The State Board of Health, the
United States Public Health Service
and the Red Cross are united in this
appeal to every citizen of Kentucky
to help in lessening the spread of in
fluenza and the development of pneu-
monia.
Nearly four hundred thousand
Kentuckians suffered from these dis
eases last year, and fourteen thous-
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18
Would Puzzle socrates.

Were Socrates to- come among Us
now he would probably want to know
why Mexican poodles have no hair,
Manx cats no tails, and pacifsts no
peace.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18

Josephus Daniels will study war
ship designs on his trip abroad, and
in time may come to understand all
about a navy.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18
FOR A BAD COLD.

Take Chamberlain's Cough Rene
dy. It has stood the test of time ani
can be depended upon.
(adv)mar)
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18
lucky Division of the Gulf Depart

UI6NC.
1t was shown at this "get-together
meeting" that shippers and patrons
all over the country are cooperating
with the Express Company in an en-
deavor to secure better packing,
better marking" of express ship
ments in order to eliminate loss and
damage to shipments while enroute.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18

Thank Heaven, the country will
soon have this Congress OF Its
hands! q, H.. d..
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1919-03-18

The Russian Bolsheviki, having re-
pudiated all their old debts, are now
preparing to contract new one1 ~
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-03-30
HARRY r. COOK, JOURNAL
PUBLISHER, uNDFRGoEs
OSERATlON

Harry r, Cook, publisher Of The
journal. who has been critically Ill
with pneumonia for ssverai weeks.
underwent an operatiSn yesterda-
afternoon at ! o'clock. at the PEN
sacola hospital. The operation was
most successful in every way, and
reports from the hospital are most
encouraging: 3fr. Cook has not
been well fpr several r16ptlaes .aH,l
about the 1Sfd4le
Fensacola fsF GhlcdG aftsr
consuItation ara treatment under
specialists, he. seemed much in-.
proved. On the advice OF physi-
clans. he went to French Lick
prings. where !, he spent severai
weeks. On his return to Pensacola.
Mr. Cook seemed much better. but
q severe cold developed into pneu-
monia. and other complications set
ting In, il was found necessary yes
terday to perform am operation.
Few men have come to Pensacolss
and In 80 short a time been able to
do so much to aid In local devel-
opment and not only The Journal
but many friends that he has made
will hope that he may soon be re-
stored to health.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-03-30
LLOYD GEORGE
TELLS ABOUT
LEAGUE PLANS
Describes Effort rs Greatest
Attempt Ever Made TO Sub
stitute Reason and JUS
tice For Force

i Manchester, March 29.--In a special
edition today on the question Of q
League Of Nations. the Guardian prints
articles from many prominent states
men, including Lord Maldane. former
secretary for war: viscount Bryce.
former ambassador to the United
States: Albert THONGS, the French
socialist leader and Premier Lloyd
George. The premier in HIS mesaAgs
sayss
Z am very glad to hear that the
Manchester Guardian ts devotide a
special number 70 - League Of Ma
tions Nothing i snors impprtant than
that public opinion should inform IT.
self on this subject. All our hopes Of
saving the world from a repetition Of
the unfathomable cataclysm Of 1914
center upon our working out practical
means by which the nations Of tbs
earth can conduct the common affairs
OF the world in friendly co-operation
instead OF jealous rivalry. The League
Of Nations represents the greatest at
tempt that ever was made to substi-
intrigue as the governing principle OF
International relations.
"The plea OF a lie. que OF Nations
has been accepted, but the League
will prove fruitless II it is to be no
more than q new piece of international
organization. What matters is that
the units which make up this organi-
zation shall be inspired by real de-
termination to work In close harmony
together for the betterment and lib
city OF mankind. Nations must not
let themselves believe that In having
drawn up paper constitution the
peace Of the world has been made se-
cure. II they allow themselves to be
misled by this policy, they will only
be reawakened by a new war. They
have to see that the League Of Ma
tions is made an effective instrument
for the solution OF every international
problem by their own readiness to
make sacrifes in its behalf
"The United States and Great Brit
ain who have taken each q leading and
honorable part in promoting this bene-
ficient scheme must give q practical
demonstration of their belief in it.
Disarmament Is an essential condi-
ton Of success. We cannot expect the
nations ravaged by the war TO trust
their desolated land to the protectio3
of the league II its advocates hesitate
to show any confidence themselves 4
its guardianship. To set up society
Of nations to insure fraternity. among
the peoples Of the earth. while at the
same time increasing the armies and
navies to insure effective fratricide %
to make mockery OF a great deal"
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-03-30
BURLESON MAKES
KNOWN INCREASE
IN WIRE RATES

Washington, March 29.-Increases of
20 per cent in domestic telegraph rates
effective April 1, were announced to-
day by Burleson. Increases necessary,
an announcement said, to meet the in
creased cost of operation, occasioned
by wage increases now in effect. made
during the past year, and the increases
do not apply to press rates for news
papers.
Burlesons order affects both govern
ment and commercial messages. also
commercial and government leased
wires whether such wires are furnished
by telephone or telegraph system under
government control. 1t does not effect
press leased wires.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-03-30
GERM AN SUBS
BE USED TO
BOOST LOAN
Pensacola Is One of the Exhibi-
tion Centers Designated
on the Gulf Coast

Washington, March 2s.-one OF the
big German U-boats which did such
damage to allied shipping during the
war, will visit Pensacola during the
Liberty loan drive
A squadron of five German subma-
rines left England today for the United
States, the Liberty loan officials hav-
ing arranged for their dispatch to this
country to help boost the Victory loan.
The five submarines will reach New
York In shout ten days and then oe
separated. one visiting the New Eng
land coast towns. another remaining
in and about New York, a third visit
Ing Phiiadelphia, Baltimore and other
North Atlantic ports and the two 9th
ers going south
One Of these viii visit the South
Atlantic. Florida and Gulf ports. stop
ping at Miami, Tampa. Pensacola, Mo-
bile Gulfport. Biloxi and New Orleans.
and the other. will go to lew Orleans
and up the Mississippi 10 saicago and
the Great Lakes cities
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-03-30

Admiral Ross. Of the department -
training camps. OF the Navy Depart
ment at Washington. d. c.. was In
Pensacola yesterday inspecting the To-
cal Naval Air Station.
At general muster at the air sta
ton ''all hands lined up for inspec-
tion and accompanied by Captain F.
NJ. Bennett, commandant OF the sta
tion. Admiral Ross inspected the en-
listed personnel and officers attached
The yeomanettes lined up in company
formation with the "salties'' and came
In for a large share OF praise for their
military bearing.
Admiral Ross il understood to have
highly complimented the condition OF
the local station and the work Of
training accomplished here. While
here the admiral IS the guest OF Cap
tain Bennett.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-03-30

Paris, March ca.-Feelin9 IS growing
among members of the American peace
delegates that proper progress Is not
being made BY the council Of four to-
ward settlement or gre6 questions
upon which the treaty must be found-
ed AL OF last week was virtually lost
or rather marked by such series az ad-
Axapcfs and retrsats a. enIy served "a
fe members earnestly seeking a
4 Mon OF the problems.
kmOnG the American delegation, &
is felt, It Is indicated. that better
progress should be insisted upon. even
IL It Hfreqnires adoption or some, ....:
like the cloture role
hter most OF the day in conference
with three premiers. President VIII
son late this afternoon spent somo
Time discussing with Thomas Lamont
and Norman Davis. members Of tho
supreme economic council and finan-
ciai advisers OF the American delega-
ton. regarding reparations. Several
formulas were under consideration and
such progresswa made as to justify
the expectation that this subject will
be finally disposed of Tueday or We'd
nesday OF next week.
The American Monroe Doctrine
League of Nations, it is understood
will be submitted to the council Of
four for final determination as to the
course concerning it.
Paris. March cs.-The commission
on responsibility for the war has de-
cided first, soiemnly to condemn yio-
lation OF neutrality and all crimes COM
mittcd by the central empires; sec
ond, on the appointment OF an inter-
national tribunal to Judge all those re
sponsible. including the former Ger
mIn emperor.
President Wilson and the premiers
constituting the council OF four gave
Marshal FOch instructions today re-
gssfting the situation at Danzig, VIE
the Germans refused to permit the
landing Of Polish troops. Nature Of
the instructions win probably not oe
revealed Until made known in Ger
many.
Paris March cS.--In laying her
claims before the council Of four to-
day. France asked. first Of all. that
hep boundaries. as fixed by the treaty.
off Paris. May 20. 1914. be restored to
hkr. together with the Sarr basin. In
the Rhine province on the left bank
~ the Rhine. it was stipulated, the
Germans should not be permitted to
establish Notifications. occupy the Or
Ftory with armed forces or control
the railways. On the Alsace-Lorrain
line 1t was demanded that the Rhine
should be the natural frontier Of
France.
Paris, March 29.-{Havas)-A rumor
was IN circulation here last night that
the tnter-allied mission at Danxix had
oeen tnterned. This mornings news
Papers. however. declare that no con.
rfrmation Of this rumor had been re-
fceived IN French official quarters
According to Paris edition of the
London Daily Mail a telegram receiv-
cd at the French foreign office re-
ported serious disorders had occurred
~ Danzig, instigated by the Pan-Ger-
mans The demonstrations are declar-
ed to have been directed at the inter-
allied mission Alshough no hostile
action was taken axainst IT the mis-
sion is reported to have been virtually
stopped from functioninx. its work be- |
ing hampered and it sairc isolated |
from the Poles