davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-07-20

Sing Sing prison were allowed to re-
tain small children. some OF whom
were born there. Miss NJ. p. Johnson,
principal matron, terrified a half
dozen mothers by issuing an order
March ~. 1874. requiring all children
over l year to go to the poorhouse.
Warden Hubbell charitably interviewed
and permitted the women to keep their
youngsters.
There were many distinguished ar
| rivals at Sing Sing women's prison.
Before there was a railroad to Sing
| Sing village prisoners were taken
there by boat or stage coach. Curious
crowds would wait at the dock or
along the Albany post road whenever
a notorious prisoner was expected.
After the railroad was opened in the
last Of the '40s prisoners were trans
ferred from the courts to the prison
| by train in cold weather. But when
ever the weather was suitable they
travelled by boat
For pillaging property and melting
mob violence in the big military
draft riots in New York in the sum-
mer OF 1853 Mary Fuchs and Mary
! Sheehan were sentenced for lar
ceny to two and three years respect
lively by Recorder John 7. Hoffman.
They arrived August 10, 1868, with a
big batch of male prisoners sentenced
for rioting.
Peculiarly, Recorder Hoffman, a ma.
tive of Sing Sing village, was reared
only a few rods from the female
prison. He frequently visited 1t, and
officially, when he was Governor Of
New York in 1870.
Mrs. Mary Reals coming was great,
hcralded on October %, 1852. After
a widely advertised trial. she was con.
victed OF manslaughter for killing heI
husband, Peter Real, and given two
and a half years by Judge Barnard
Nine Jurors who heard her case soor
afterward petitioned Gov Morgan e
pardon her.
Mrs. William Powers's arrival on No
vember 16. 1868, from Brooklyn t.
serve two years four months for grand
larceny, compensated Warden Hubbel
The sun., 1919-07-20

that affects every peasant and every
Industrial worker. A fall in the value
of the Ira must Immediately be re-
fiected In the rising price Of every
thing imported and indirectly in rising
prices Of domestically produced articles
that have some relation to the cost
of imports.
So the question OF 1.-THE Exchange
has gone beyond the minds of bank
employees who are accustomed TO
looking at the financial centres of the
world as so many squares on a chess
board and transferring balances from
this centre to that with an infinitesimal
shade of profit in the transaction.
These were formerly the men chiefly
interested In foreign exchange, and all
that the public knew about fiuctuation
had to be learned from a little para
graph at the end of the financial
article giving In fine type the leading
quotations never looked at by the or
binary reader. To-day The Elk
changes" affect the immediate condi-
tons of the daily life of everybody in
Europe who has to buy in some form
commodities purchased in foreign
countries.
In large measure the urgent de-
mands of Europe to-day are for pur'
chases to be made in America TIC
make these purchases the buyer must
have dollar exchange. That is TO say
he must be able to make the payment
in current funds In the United States
either directly as an importer or In
directly by way OF giving funds into
the hands OF the importer to pay fol-
his importatlons. AS the dollar rises
In value because there is demand
for II not counterbalanced by de-
mand for pounds or francs or lire
there comes into the minds OF thu
people who have not ordinarily deal
In the subject OF exchange the feelint
that the Americans are charging too
much for their dollars. There Is 4
lack of clearness OF thinking sur
rounding the factors OF this exchange
problem that runs all the way from
workmen TO finance ministers ant
more than one finance minister hal
| spoken to me In complaining tones
in regard to our greediness as exhib
tied In the high rate Of dollar ex
change. 1 have had finance minister
tell me that the American banks pugh
The sun., 1919-07-20

for the loss of her husband, also a
convict, who escaped from the mems
prison the same day.
1T can't bear to have that woman
anywhere near me-" Powers had pro-
tested to the prison guards when he
heard his wife was coming in his
wake. So he broke into a locker, stole
suit Of citizens clothes which he
exchanged for his ugly stripes and
walked past the guard house by
posing before the sentry as citizen
from Tarrytown who had been visit
ing the institution.
Mrs. Henrietta Mead and Nellie
Benedict, who stole several thousand
dollars in Manhattan, were registered
for one year each by Warden Walker
en- February 10. 1876. Three months
later came Jennie Williams, the fe-
male burglar. Mrs. Weaver, famed as
a confidence swindier, began a long
sentence April "a, 1873.
Their Prison Occupation.
For occupations. female prisoners
worked at hat trimming. hair curling
carpet weaving, knitting and launder-
ing. Until their removal to the peni-
Tertiary was ordered. their services
were sold to contractors who hired
convict labor and brought per capita
from 80 TO 80 cents a day. When the
Communication law went into effect ten
women We're released June 2. 1874
by Warden Hubbell, including the re-
nowned Ida Campbell.
Under the abandonment order
forty-nine women were taken from the
prison by Warden Clark and Mrs. H
F. Clark, principal matron, and shipped
on the Leader to Brooklyn. On No.
vember l6 the remaining sixty six
were despatched on the same craft
detective Jackson saw them safely or
their way.
On this embarkation there were
seven "lifers," as murderesses serving
life sentences are termed in the yer.
nacular of the prison. They we're Jane
Brooks. in twenty-four years; Polly
irish, who killed her child, twenty
years: Anna Barry. who threw hei
younSster out of window, clever
years; Mary Johnson, killed child
eleven years: Ledice Friedenberg
aged eighty, woo decapitated hei
brother-in-law with an ak, in one
year; Emma Orlak, firebug, one year
and Emma Wimple, who poisoned hus
The sun., 1919-07-20
TIE BUILDING WHICH is ABOUT TO &c
TORN DOWN.

lTing at 597 Walton avenue. The
Bronx, off the locomotive, uncoupled
and run away with II.
She had no trouble getting away
in the confusion. She pried up the
cell door sufficient to unhinge II and
gained the roof. This time she went
down a rope. Jackson was detailed
to search for her and she was returned
in due time.
Sophie Lyons, serving ive years for
stealing a woman's pocketbook in Nc
Creerys store, also gave the keepers
and matrons the slip. Her husband,
Robert Lyons, alias Hapgood fed tho
mems prison at Sing Sing on Deem
Der 4. 1872. He had a fake telegram.
summoning Warden Nelson to New
York, sent to the prison as a ruse.
When the warden had gone the con-
Wet went too.
A carriage carried him of. Fifteen
days later the same carriage, II devel-
oped afterward, drew up to the female
prison after nightfalL Mrs. Lyons,
The sun., 1919-07-20
Passing of Temple of Tragedy" Re.
wives Memories of Notorious Female
Malefactors Whose Crimes
Were Expiated There
By EDWARD J. KAVANAUCH.

then was 11s. which was below the
average of $50.
The most cunning trickster ever i'm
prlsoned there was Mary Brown, alias
Frances Stanley. shoplifter and
swindler.
She arrived, securely handcuffed,
June 20, 1866, when Judge S. H. John
son was prison warden. The day she
was sentenced. a week previously. a
deputy sheriff was leading her along
the street in New York from the Court
House to the Jail, to be removed to
Sing Sing. Presently a man tostled
and tripped him. As he turned to re-
buke him the officer left his female
charge standing at the curb. attired in
a blue dress and veil. While the deputy
sheriff was wrangling with the pas
serby another woman similarly dressed
and yelled and about the same stature
OF the prisoner exchanged places with
her and Mrs Brown walked away.
Finally the deputy sheriff returned to
the yelled woman and ordered her to
come along. When they had walked a
few yards. long enough to enable the
real prisoner to get away, the bogus
prisoner started across the street. The
deputy cautiously grabbed her and
started pulling her back. Expressing
Indignation, the woman he was escort
ing lifted her veil and the deputy was
dumfounded. He ran back, thinking
he could catch the escaped swindler
but she had vanished and he lost both
OF them.
Mrs. Browns freedom. however, was
short. She was recaptured in four
days in the home Of Mrs. May Little, a
former Sing Sing convict, on Smith
street, Yonkers. Mrs. Little was re-
ceived at Sing Sing in 1858, on a man
slaughter charge and served six years
for killing her husband in Rochester.
Her brother, who was her accomplice.
died on the gallows. Mrs. Brown was
hustled off to Sing Sing TO begin her
sentence. So old acquaintance would
not be forgotten she was given Mrs.
Little's old cell.
Mary Ann Watts, an inveterate
shoplifter, made one OF the most SEN
sational getaways from the female
prison. On the night of March 81.
| 1874, when the other inmates were all
slumbering she picked the lock OF her
cell and got out into the corridor. while
The sun., 1919-07-20

mand for dollars to pay for imported
goods. but as the two pans OF the scale
were throOn out OF balance by IN ex-
cess of imports into England above
the total value OF her exports she had
10 maintain the balance by creating
Government credits In dollars. This
was done first by appealing to our in
vestment market and later by con-
tracing loans directly from our Gov
eminent.
Englands effort to peg" exchange
first resulted in the necessity OF ex-
porting to us 81 400 900 COO of gold. SO
that in the first instance the deficiency
OF commodity exports of gold had a
double purpose: first, TO pay deficient
balance; second, and quite as impor-
tant purpose. to flood our market
with gold, keep down the interest rate
and to make possible the subsequent
borrowing that the English Govern
mcnt knew would have to be done in
order to continue TO keep the scales
balanced and the price OF sterling
'pegged." When the flow OF gold was
exhausted Great Britain went to our
investment market and secured about
81 500 10000 OF credit to throw into
the deficient pan. Later, after war was
declared by America, our Government
made huge loans to the British Gov
eminent, and these loans week by
week We're dropped into the pan OF the
balance along with Great Britains
total exports in just sufficient amounts
to hold the pointer on the scale at
4.76Fs, as the weight In the other pan
was increased by her constantly
growing imports.
That Is the way the sterling rate
was pegged. The rate was maintained
at 4.76S only because Great Britain
continued to have borrowing ability
sufficient to create a credit equal 10
balancing her deficiency OF exports
The moment that borrowing ability
shall cease or is not further exercised
any discrepancy between the total ex-
ports and total imports will make itself
manifest through the pointer on the
scale. That Is TO say, the rate will be
no longer "pegged," but will fuctuate
as the pans of the scale are put out OF
balance.
| ITO ba oouttn aed In fteRt,SHnddH'S SUN. J
The sun., 1919-07-20

term loans in volume sufficient to
make up the deficit between the ut
most these countries can export and
the minimum OF imports upon which
they can exist. These loans must have
a tenn that takes them out OF the
category of bank credits and puts them
in tho form OF investment securities
Here then is one reason why Amer
lea must become an investor in for
eign securities. Such a result is an
absolutely inevitable consequence Of
the situation in which Europe finds
itself to-day. Certainly imports OF raw
material Europe must have TO continue
its normal life. For the time being
Europe has little or no goods to offer
in exchange for the essential raw ma
terial which must be had to start and
feed her industries; and 70 she must
NIL into tho pan of the scale along with
her deficient exports additional weight
representing foreign credits.
True Factors in Exchange.
1t seems to me that the foregoing
indicates the true factors that influ-
ence foreign exchange. There is no
leReTueHldln OF nnd1Cd Ol WHICH hiil
aware that can change these funda-
mental factors, and any thing that ap-
pears 10 change them will, I believe,
upon analysis he found to fall within
the principles that have been here sug-
gested We have had the phenomenon
OF "peggod exchange" which might
seem to OFFER the ground for the be-
lief that there ia some way OF control
ling the temperature by controlling
the thermometer. For long period
the pound sterling was "pegged." That
is TO say, the price Of dollars in the
London market or the price OF pounds
in the New York market was from
day to day the same and the quotation
was "pegged" at a fixed figure through
some power exercised by the British
| Government. What was that power
It was merely this in its ultimate ALI
alysis: The British Government stood
prepared through it's agents to buy al
| the exchange offered and to sell all the
exchange demanded. II, in a measure
controlled the amount or dollar ex'
change that its own traders demanded
by limiting the imports OF goods int
England and thereby limiting the do
The sun., 1919-07-20

following her husbands example, made
her getaway in it.
The female escape records obtained
by research as far back as 1857, show
but one double header" Two went
the evening of September 10. 1870,
when Warden Russell ruled the inst-
tuition. Mary Smith and Sarah Chris
tian, firing of the monotony of prison
life, donned clothes they stole from
the matrons' lockers and walked to
Sing Sing village depot. There they
left, unnoticed on train for New
York.
During Warden Walkers regime
Mrs. Mary Jackson was fatally injured
October 10, 1874. She plunged from a
corridor onto the floor below. fractur-
ing her skull. She died two days later
Mrs. Emma Hickey. one OF the pris-
ons eccentric characters, died August
6. 1874, while a prisoner. She had re-
ceived life sentence twelve years be-
fore for poisoning her two daughters
at ithaca.
Most of the mothers imprisoned In
The sun., 1919-07-20

the guard was busy elsewhere. Fasten-
ing a rope which she had Struggled
into her cell under her uniform skirt
to the window sill, she climbed through
and lowered herself to the ground.
Wheel tracks found in the mud in
dicated that a conveyance Of some
sort carried her away.
While sought by the prison authori-
ties, she was rearrested aboard
Fourth avenue car two years later by
Detective Titus for stealing merchan-
disc from Arnold. Constable G. Co. and
returned to Sing Sing by Detective
jackson on April ~, 1876.
Jane Brooks, who had served five
years Of life sentence for murder in
Anegany county, got away during the
night Of September 20. 1858. She
opened the door of her cell with a
false key, took a matron's hat and
jacket and started homeward afoot
Warden Beardsley sent out guards on
horseback in pursuit. They overlook
her at Matteawan and returned her to
her old quarters after she had enjoyed
forty eight hours freedom.
Kate ConnoIIy's Escapes.
Some veteran prison employees still
remember the exploits of Kate Con-
molly. shoplifter and chronic Jail
breaker. When only 16 she learned
the latter art by getting onto float
ing gate and padding her way from
Blackwell's Island across the East
River. She fashioned dummy. to
fool the Sing Sing guards, left II in
her cell, got up onto the roof and slid
down a lightning rod on the night Of
November 81. 1859. Warden Henry
c. Nelson had posses search for
her In vain. She got into trouble
again four years later and went back
to her old quarters. She saw good
opening to escape again on May S,
1875. The prison was short of guards
Warden Alfred Walker had despatched
every available attendant to try to
catch five desperate convicts, led by
Steve Boyle, who had escaped the day
before. They had held up a train,
forced Engineer Dennis Cassin, now
The sun., 1919-07-20
Continued from Fourth Page.

struck me as the peer Of any CONT
mental statesman l met. NJ. Jaspar.
Minister of Economic Affairs. Is a man
of deep understanding and patriotic
determination. with a WEAKNESS in
his tired eyes that tells of national
service the personal cost of which was
not counted.
Belgium has a further great asset
in her business men. Some of them
have gone far afield to create markets
for Belgian industries. In times past
the securities on the Belgian stock
exchange indicated the investment OF
Belgian funds and the use of Belgian
machinery and products in enterprises
that are located around the world II
struck me that Belgium offered an op-
portunity for partnership with Amer
lea that would be profitable to both
partners.
The sun., 1919-07-20

ITO DO oontinted In nessSEHdGys SUM
The sun., 1919-07-20
VanderIp Gives Review Of Conditions in Spain and BELGIUM

to get together in some way and sup
ply dollars so that the exchange rate
would not be so adverse to the ha-
raised countries who want to buy our
goods.
This attitude OF mind looks no fur
Their into the subject than that of the
man who found himself Inconvenience
by extremes of weather. and inveighed
against the thermometer A Their
mometer measures the temperature
1t does not create 1t. and stocking
the furnace is obviously the thing
that must be done rather than to spend
time grumbling about the thermom-
eter. Just so with the exchanges.
The quotation of exchange regis
ters the direction and the extent
by which the total importations
and expectations of a country are out
of balance. It is no more a matter
that can he corrected by bankers,
who happen to be the men who hold
the visible gauge that marks the fluc-
tuations OF the exchanges. than the
temperature could be regulated by
some attempt to control the move
ments of the mercury in the bulb OF
the thermometer by other means than
altering the general temperature that
surrounds that instrument.
Like n Set of Balances.
One might compare the foreign trade
movement of a country to set OF
balances. Put in one pan OF the bal
snce a weight representing the value
of all the exports from a country Put
in the other pan weight representing
the value OF all the imports into tho
country. Now II the scales are out OF
OF balance how can they be adjusted
The direction and the amount by which
they arc out OF balance win be in
dicated by the pointer on the scale
but that pointer Is not to blame II II
points to figure that means q serious
handicap for those who wish to buy In
foreign markets The correction must
| be made by the weights in the bal
ance pans. The ways in which thes,
weights may be varied are few and
they may be easily comprehended II
ono will but think Of the Fundamental,
factors involved. In the main the cor
rection must be made by cutting down
the weight representing imports OF
adding TO the weight representing ex'
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1919-10-28
AYUDE A Los EIsOs PoBREs

~ neeesario que en- cada mu
nicipio de esta isla, se organize
IA sociedad flantr6pica III "a.
psio de Jos nih0s pobres " Esta
sociedhd viene trabajandO desde
hace yari0s amos. en San Juan.
con tanfo exifo que podemos ase-
gurar que t0dos Dos niios pobres
cue Hsisten a las eseueias van De
bidamente caizadOs
No se neeesita haeer saeri6cios
Artpfamos eualquicr donativO pOT
ins gnileante que sea. Mhndelo
hos mismo. 81 listed desea a.
Sra. Maria 7. de Suarez, p o
BOX 1922.
ST.. Miguel N Toro, Adnans.
Rr Eduardo Arreche Go INA.
tionai Caseh Register Co"
(Este AnuneiO 10 publica gTatii
III MUND0) Adu
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1919-10-28

del Inspector de Escuelas y de don
serafin de Santiago, inspector de Agri-
cultura.
Este iiltimo ha iniciado una serie de
conferencias en- las distintas escuelas
del campo, cada domingo en- una di-
ferente. A las que va Sc han llevado a
cabo han asistido muchos padres y han
resultado muy animadas. Sc ha orga-
nizado en- algunos barrios Ell Comit6
Agricola de Padres.
Tambien vemos que los jardines es-
colares prometen ser algo bueno; los
pianos demuestran habil distribution
del terreno, y creemos. que nuestros
muchachitos del campo aprenderan al
go que les sea it'll para Ell future cul-
two de la TERRA.
Felicitamos por todo ellie a los Sc
fiores inspectOres, y esperamos que con-
tinuen asi. A4 n
CHIQUITITo.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1919-10-28
coLABoRAcIoN

a Is sefofss cue nof honzan env Al.
donos esgentanfamfnts tTAbaios dc 60.
laboFaei6n iss feeomendamos que guar
dsn eopia, pass 30 rsrpondsmos De su
dssciucion 81 cns0 ds no utiliEarl0s
"a sostsnsmcs eorTssp0ndencia sobre
fiics
~ hscho ds cue este diari0 puhlique
an trabaio hrInado. no dgnihca neee
tariaments cue se 6olidarics con q.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1919-10-28
CAIDA FATAL

Edelmiro Cruz, de veinte amos, natu-
raj de Comerio, residente en- la Gale
de la Luna, fue curado en- la sala de
socorro de una herida contusa superb
cial en- Ell parpado inferior del ojo IL
quierdo. Dijo que habia sufrido una
caida. FL practicante sefior Barreras or
demo que el paciente pasase al hospital
municipal, 10 que Sc neg6.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1919-10-28

Ell FInado DIR. ].
II. Dye de Buffalo,
N. Y, dedlco SUI
vida al estudio delOs
dolores del alum
bramiento. Una
de las mas atlas as
plraciones de su VI
da, fue In de halIar
Was y medlOs para
mltl9ar enIo possible
los sufrlnientos y
dolores del parto.
POr cuanto ell alum
bramieptO ha veni-
do Siempre, desde
los tiempos prehis-
t6ricoS, acompana-
do de mas o menos
dolor, el DIR. Dye sc
di6 pIena cuenta de
la m a9nitud del
problema que AGO.
meta; mas, no OBJ
stante, abri2aba la
conviction de que
hublese al91n me-
dIo de, por 10 menOs
reducir en- gran par.
te eS0s acerbOS pa
declnientos. Ha-
ciendu una especial
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1919-10-28

) La Sra. Ana Rivera de Es-
trada, de la ciudad de Juarez,
Rep. de Mexico; nos dice:
"Habia padecido por mas de
tres amos de un dolor en- el
vientre que nj doctores nj me-
dicinas caseras habian logrado
curarme; y gracias al uso del
Compuesto Mitchella va estoy
cornpletamente bien y pr6xirma a
tener un nIfio que era 10 que
tanto habia deseado. Estoy
convencida de que esta es una
medicina maravillosa para las
muieres y oiala todas las que
sufren Sc decidiesen a usarla,".
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1919-10-28

La Sra. ManueIa de Zarate,
de la ciudad de Anatu9a,
Rep. de la Argentina, nos
dice: "Hacia la miseria de slete
amos que venfa sufriendo de do
lor de espalda y costado izquier-
do, para 10 cual tome diferentes
remedies sin encontrar mejorfa,
y ahora con su maravilloso Com
puesto Mitchella. Sc me han
quitado por complete esos dolores
que me molestaban mucho.'.. :.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1919-10-28
SQuien era Euripides Rojas?

jQuien era Euripides Rojas?
Euripides Rojas, muerto a manos de
Arturo Souffront, era un talentoso jo-
ven, de excelentes virtudes civicas. Su
extraordinaria intelgencia y su coraz6n
sano bOndadoso, le granjearon la ad-
miraci6n las simpatias de sus con-
terraneos. Eur1pides Rojas naci6 en-
Vega Baja y aqui formo un hogar que
es dechadO de virtudes y de buenas cos
tumbres. f
La sensation que prOdujO su muerte.
La noticia de su muerte produjo aqui
extraordinario estupor. Cuando Sc supo
Ia infausta nuevs Sc notaba la tristeza
en- todos los semblantes Y las mujeres
loraban medida que la noticia Sc
extendia Sc propaganda.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1919-10-28
voz de dolOr

Una sola VOC salia de todos los La
bios. voz de dolor y de iustifcada pro-
tesla. Euripides era muy querido en-
Vega Baja. AQui tiene su familia
y esposa. Un idolo de laG- masas popu-
lares. quienes dedic6 todos sus es-
fuerzos en- la defensa de sus intereses
politieos economies.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1919-10-28
Festivales suspendidos

La gran fiesta que la Logia de Vega
Baja tenia preparada para celebrar ell
mismo dia de haber ocurrido Ia sensi-
BILE tragedia, quedo suspendida incon-
tinenti. La gran velada que tendria
efecto por la noche, fue asimismo sus-
pendida.
El Mundo. [volume] (San Juan, P.R.) 1919-1990, 1919-10-28

La Sra. Mercedes C. de
.Rlvero, de La clu dad d de
Nuevitas, Rep. de Cuba, es-
cribc: LES dire que estoy muy
contenta y satisfecha con su
Compuesto Mitchella. pues tuve
una nina sana y robusta y tuve
un parto 10 mas feliz y ahora
estoy recomendando sus pastillas
a mis- amigos. Una sobrina mia
que estaba en- mi casa cuando
mi feliz alumbramiento, me dijo
iba a tomarlas...