davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
ENEMY SUBMARINES COMING
American Officers Detailed to Bring
Over U-Boats.

Washington, March 3.-Orders is
sued by the Navy department as.
signed number Of officers ito duty
in connection with German submar-
ines 1t was learned authoritatively
that their duty will be to bring some
surrendered enemy submarines to the
United States.
Four or five U-boats are expected
to start across in the near future.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
GIVE NUMBER OF REASONS
Two Hundred Enlisted Men Ask to Be
Discharged.

otSSHofS Scu
Fort Worth, Texas, March 3.-Two
hundred enlisted mon of Barron flying
field filed with Captain Pierce, COM
man ling officer, protest again being
kept in the service any longer.
1t is stated in the protest that the
men enlisted for the period of the
war" and the war now is over; that
they are losing valuable time; the fam
lilies of some OF them are in need: 9TH
ers are obtaining employment they
themselves could also obtain IL free
from army duty, and that since Of
ficers have been given the right to de-
eide whether or not they wish to re-
main in service, the same privilege
should be given to enlisted men.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
PLEA FOR TRUCE is DENIED

Lithuanians Refuse Request Of BoI-
sheviki for Armistice.
Stockholm, March 3.-The Lithuan.
ians have refused the request OF the
Bolshevih for an armistice, it is stat
ed In an official dispatch from Kovno.
The Bolsheviki were said to have
asked for cessation of hostilities fol-
lowing an advance of more than 13
miles from Wilma by the Lithuanians
In which several towns were taken.
The Lithuanian commander refused,
demanding immediate retirement Of
the enemy from Lithuania.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
HOME FOR AGED is BURNED

Three Persons Lose Their Lives and
Five Are Injured.
Fond du Lac, Wis, March 81
Three persons lost their lives and five
were injured In the fire which de-
stroyet the Henry Boyle Catholic
home for the aged.
The fire, which caused a money loss
of $40, 900, is believed to have started
from a spark in the laundry chute.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
CARRIES SEVERAL RIDERS
General Deficiency Bill 10 Passed BY
the House.

Washington, March 3.--The general
deficiency bill, appropriating $27,771,.
900 and carrying various legislative
riders, including one for investigation
looking to the establishment Of a ma
tional budget system, was passed by
the house.
Provision is made for the payment
of the congressman who served In the
army or navy during the war the
amount they would have received In
congress as salary and clerk hire al.
lowances.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
INTERN FORMER OFFICIALS S
Hungarians Accuse Prominent Men of
Prolonginq War,

Budapest, March 3.-Former Premier
Wekerle, former Minister of War
Hazai former Minister of Justice
Balogh and former Secretary of State
Palavicini have been interned on
charge of being responsible for pro-
longing the war.
Troops have been sent to the Sal
gotarjan coal mines to suppress the
agitation by Bolshevists there.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
GOVERNMENT TO HOLD LINES
Future Policy Depends Upon Action
In Congress.

Washington, March s. Director
General Hines announced, with the ap.
proyal OF President Wilson, that the
railroads would not be relinquished
from government control until there
has been an opportunity to see
whether constructive permanent pro-
gram of legislation was likely to be
adopted within reasonable time"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
Takes Air Journey to Keep Engage
nsnt Train Could Not Make.

New York. March 2.-Representa-
tive Victor Heintz of Cincinnati, ar
rived here by airplane to keep an en-
gagement which train connections
could not make. He was piloted from
Washington by Lieutenant E. 4. Har-
mon, who brought him here in 100
minutes actual flying time.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03

Ortonvllle.-Two horses belonging
to A. B. Kaercher of this city were
drowned in Big Stone lake, when they
fell into an airhole. The driver of
the team was not injured. The horses
were Hambletonian trotters and were
valued at about $4,000.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
New Day Of Abstinence Urged.

NEW Day OF NuStIHeHCc OTUcu.
Rome, March 3.-Pope Benedict has
authorized the faithful to substitute
some other day for Saturday as day
of abstinence during coming Lentsp
season.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
PAID TOO MUCH FOR LAND
House Committee Reports Secretary
Gave "MisInformation

Washington, March 3.-Charges that
Secretary Redfield purchased in De-
cember, 1917, tract of land In Wash
ington for the Bureau of Standards at
a price greatly In excess OF its real
value and later "misinformed" Con-
grsss in regard to the facts, were made
in report of the House District Of
Columbia committee introduced by
Chairman Johnson
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
MILITARY HOSPITAL FUNDS
Emergency Fund Of $500, 200 10 Pro.
vlded by Conference.

vioeo by Conference.
Washington, March 3.-Senate and
House conferees on the bill placing
military rehabilitation hospitals under
the Public Health service and the War
Insurance bureau reached an agree
ment, under which the Secretary of
the Treasury would be given an emerg-
ency fund of $1,5O0,o00 to require ad-
ditional hospitals.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
MANN DECLINES LEADERSHIP
Refuses to Accept Floor Position In
Next House.

Washington, March 3.--Representa-
tive Mann announced that under no
circumstances would he accept the
floor leadership of the next house.
Many Republicans said, however, that
they would not accept this decision
by him as final.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-03
CONGRESSMAN USES PLANE

Aforayia.
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23

CONTINUED On Page Three)
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23
". :. ASInUS GOES FREE
Defended On Serious Charge By L. A.
McGee Of Price.

GREEN RIVER. MAY H. W. =.
Asimus. charged by the state with
having east fraudulent vote at the
tall election of 1916. was discharged
by Justice Of the Peace James 4.
Shinn after u hearing held IN Justice
court herr Tuesday morning. The
state, represented hy County Attorney
W. q. Peacock and Assistant County
Attorney Powers, attempted ~ prove
hat the defendant. Asimus. was an
alien enemy, hut owing a. the ubirr.
tons of Attorney H. A. McGcc Of
Price, who represented the defendant,
he alleged incriVinating evidence
the state claimed t0'ppssrss WIS ruled
not admissible by Judge Shinn. \.
NJ. French, postmaster nf Grrrn River,
was Nubpocnnd by the state. Attarnr,
Mcticc objected H. his tcstifying on
The grounds that French IN biz capn
city of postmaster was not allowed
Ia testify ON government business
without authority trpm the govern
mcnt, French nlsp asked a. be- ~.
cus"d and Judge Shinn sustained the
objection raised 10y Attorney McGcc.
The state HcNt attempted 10 intrn.
ducc N evidence copy ot an aft
dayit alleged to have been made by
Asimus brotrr government agent.
AZ this point IN the proceedings At. !
tomry Mrtier asked II the copy of the /
affidavit had been certified. Plain, |
iiit gave a negative answer and Ne |
Gee objected and quoted the state
statutes IN regard 10 his objection to |
the effect that q ropy of nn original /
produced IN court must be- duly ccrti- /
fled and the acceptance of u document
that had moi all oi the legal cnrunrks |
was cncrnnrhlng un the rights that /
The law gives very prisoner before
the bar The objection was sustained,
he state rested. aud upon motion ot
Attorney MrIioo the prisoner was dis
missed
Attorney Mrtirr exhibited post
commission issued Ia Asimus
~ postmaster of Peoria, Kan, dated
ln 1906
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23
RECRUITS COMING IN FOR
SERVICE WITH UNCLE SAM

I'VE are cnlisting men for Hawaii
the Philippines, Alaska, Guam, China
The Panama canal zone aud France,
while those with previous service may
enlist for hospital and infantry ser,
Zee Ia Siberia and Russia, said Pri,
waite A. L. Stmnkman, ia charge of
the Price recruiting office, a. The
Sun yesterday
Leland 4, Pike and Harry 4. Lock
arrived during the week from Salt
Lake city by motorcycle and are Ia
help out locally Ia recruiting work
Recent eullstmcuts are;
Fred i, llnklry Standardyillc;
aero service.
Richard L. Young, Castle Dale,
cavalry, Hawaii,
Ncrnal Williams, Price; rayalry,
Hawaii.
Lawns G. Mcdaniel Cleveland 4;
motor transport
Fred r. Jones, Cleveland; motor
transport,
June Mlnchcy, Cleveland, motor
transport,
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23
We serUe all tastes

American Civic association FROM the
Chicago board of health with q list of
suggestions OF how 10 successfully
combat the nuisance. A special point
s made ut flies as being disease germ
carriers
"Scrrgu Your win uws Is tLcpuu-
cpul slogan Avoid stortt where pro
visions are sold insulticicntly pro
trclrd from flies. % There Is more
hralti ia a well screened house than
il 70 doctors visit ''Don't let flies
crawl over a baby's mouth or swarm
on the nursing bottle, "Don't let flies
get near the pantry, kitchen or din
ingrOOmh are others.
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23

The production of beehive coke In
lhc United States during the week
ended May 10Th is estimated al 2Gl.-
no net tons as compared with 2gs.
SOB net toms during the week proceed
ing and G23.9n3 net tons during IA,
week ended May IL, 1918. Decrease.
in production occurred ia prnnsyl-
wanna, West Virginia sud Washing
ton and Utah, while In other states
the production was slightly ia excess
Of that reported during the week end
ed May 81. For the calendar year tn
date the production of beehive coke
amounted Ia G762l2i net tons as
compared with lO,7lU,3H net tom,
during the same period of lDlS.
The daily average during the cur
rent week is estimated at $3.50 not
tons as against 69,2gi net TONS during
the calendar year to date, and g562S
met ton. for the same period of last
wear.
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23
nom A srnNINrn ANkIr.

10 received get a bottle OF Chamber
lains Eminent ana follow the plain
printed directions which accompany
the bOttle.-Adyt.
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23
improvements Arc Noted.

The mines Of the country during
the week ended May 81 were operated
.nt jji per cent at their iull time as
compared with 500 per cent during
the week preceding aud $50 p,f cent
during the week of MAY !. 1915.
Total losses ui full time during the
week ended MAY 81 ampuntcd2tu i6.G
per rent. az this total 90 pcr cent
n attributed H. ear shortage. - Der
cent 10 labor shortage, % per cent
To min" disability. 'iO.6 per cent To
lack at market and O.5 per cent 10
other causes Slight improvement oc.
CURED m market condition. during
the week, such improvement being
due lu an increased demand Tor coal
IN the Ohio fields, Central Pcnusyl-
yania and Somerset county
a, ~ the ease oi bituminnus prn.
duriiun, improvement, was also r..
corded m the anthracite field during
III" week ended May 10Th. the prn.
duciiun being estimated at l,75D.OOO
net tons. The daily average during
the week ended MAY 10th is estimated
nj 2nJ,O01 net tons aud while con.
below the daily average
during the corresponding week nf
1918, estimated ut $4,000 net tons. II
y far IN excess at the daily average
Tor the calendar year Ia date, csiimat. |
ut at $4,000 net tons.
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23

Good roads are q prerequisite tu
successful motor truck operation. 10
Is believed that few motor truck opcr-
ators realize the increased expense
which results from travel ou poor
rnnh.
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23
WINTER COAL PRICE COMES
SOON, SAYS A. ID. PIERsON

40 further reduction In the price of
Utah coal can consistently be- expected
this summer, is the opinion of A. ID.
Pierson, general sales agent of Utah
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23

Market white SHIELDED and brown
SHIELDED eggs in separate packages.
Uniform products command the best
prices Never market small or dirty
eggs.
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23

Provide a box partly filled with
road dust or wood ashes so as 10 give
the hens an opportunity to take a dust
bath, II gives them needed exercise
and Keeps them from lice and mites.
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23
DECREASE IS SHOWN IN
UTAH PRODUCTION
OF COKE
BETTER CONDITIONS IN THE
BITUMINoUs FIELDS.
Daily Average For the Working Day
Running Well For the Calendar
Year to Date-Salos Agent At Zion
Believes Prices Are TO Advance
About the First Of July. Next.


I1he sun Special Service
WASHINGTON. u. e.. MAY 10.
THE Improvement u the production ct
|birunuuu, coal which wa, recorded
during the week ended Ma, 3d con
Ituucd through the week uf Nav 10Th.
the output during such week being
ESTIMATED at s.4jOUOD met tons a.
compared with S.Olj.OOO net tons dur
ing The week of May 81 aud 7.37S.OOO
net tons during the week ct April
18th During the same week at last
year Improvement also occurred when
compared with the week ut MAY !.
1918. but such improvement failed tu
equal that of the current week. The
daily average per working day is csti-
mated GO .lOj.unO net tons. and for
The first time iu number ut months
exceeds the daily average for the
calendar wear To- date estimated at
l,lj1.uUU net tons For the period
January Ut Ia Nav 10th the pruduc.
ton of biiuminou- coal IS estimated
at lj2,2lS.OD0 net tons and falls an.
pruNimutcly - per cent below the
output during the same period of last
year. estimated 1T 2ni .O23.OOO net
TONS
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23
ANTIFLY CRUSADE is THE
TEXT BIG DRIVE TO COME

"Swar the Fly John the Anti Fly
Crusade is the suggestive title ut %
leailot published by lhc state board
of health with m illustrated fmutI#-
piece showing q gigantic Mu-ca Do
mesuca walking over town. The
leailct includes pertinent warming
from the ily fighting committee of the
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1919-05-23

ccOntinued on page rOur)
The Natchitoches enterprise., 1919-12-25
Succession Sale
Succession of C. A. Jackson
IL d. C. No 3O31

| IL u. T.. NO 3U3l
By virture of an order of the II Dist.
Court for the parish of Natchitoches,
La. of date Dec. 16, 1919, issued in the
above entitled case to me directed and
70 that effect, the undersigned admin
istrator Of the above succession will
sell at public auction or at front door
Of the Court House in the City of Nat.
chitoches at II o'clock a. m.
Saturday, January "a, 1920
the following described property situa-
ted in the parish of Natchitoches, towit:
81 Of SW4 and NW4 of SW4 S. 10 T 8
N. e. 9 W. containing 12O acres, more
or less, together with all buildings and
improvements thereon.
Teams Of Sale: For not less than
two-thirds Of its appraised value as
shown by the inventory and for cash to
meet the matured portion Of the pur-
chase price and on terms Of credit to
meet the unmatured part Of the purch-
ase price. Deferred payments to the
said by vendors lein and privilege and
special mortgage. The purchaser to
have the privilege of paying the entire
purchase price in cash.
LUTHER PAGE
Administrator.
Dec. Il, 1919 tbs
The Natchitoches enterprise., 1919-12-25
Les Jeunes Femmes

/ Poinsettas, Killarney roses ane
ferns defed the extreme cold o1
last Wednesday and added theil
fragrance and beauty to the at
tractive home of Mrs. j. E. Bell
when she entertained Les Jeunes
Femmes.
AT the conclusion of the games
lovely prizes were awarded, Mrs.
Grover Voters, first prize, Mrs.
i3.aJs=Ruscs,4ssoasdy4 ASi.s- -6aesarle-
ford, guest and Mrs. Charles De-
Blieux the BOBBY.
Mrs. Bell assisted by Mrs. Hen
ry Turin and Miss Carmen Brea-
zeale and little Cora Turpin
served a delicious two course
luncheon OF the seasons delicacies.
The guests who enjoyed the
lovely party with the club mem
bers we're Mines. G. V. Porter,
Baumgartner, Tison. JEFF De-
Blieux, Edgar Levy, H. Turpin,
and Misses Shackleford and Car
men Breazeale.
The Natchitoches enterprise., 1919-12-25
The Mutual Aid

The very erroneous report has
. gained currency that that splendid
organization, "The Mutual Aid,'
: is no longer in existance and its
president has asked that this be
denied. The scope and volume of
the work done for many long
years by the Mutual Aid, is too
we'll known to be gone into at this
time, even if we had the space for
it, and those who are really inter-
ested in what they know is one of
the most needed organizations of
its kind in Natchitoches, were sur
prised to learn that such an idle
rumor could even be whispered
about.
Because of the Red Cross, the
Mutual Aid has not been called
upon as much as usual of late,
tho there is never week that a
demand of some grave nature is
not made. while our worthy presi-
dent, whose splendid work has
long been recognized and appre-
ciated, is almost daily called upon
for some service or other.
She hopes that because not Civ
ing of the Xmas stockings to the
poor children this season as has
been the beautiful custom of the
Mutual Aid for many years, may
have started the report and wishes
to explain that the reason is, that
The Elks are going to look after
these little folks by giving a big
Christmas tree and see that they
are treated as we'll but in a diff
erent way, and Mrs. Phillips hopes
that this understanding will put
and end to all rumors.
The Mutual Aid is very much
alive and will continue to live for
many years to come. and those
who have not paid their dues will
be called upon right after the
when the Committees will
begin their regular active duties.
The Natchitoches enterprise., 1919-12-25

The Rosebud set enjoyed . mos,
delightful and unique party on
Thursday evening 1t the lovely
Carroll homo whom tie young dau
ghter Of the house, Miss Mary Ed
m Vas hostess to some twenty-five
or thirty charming girls.
Christmas was everywhere in
evidence in holly wreaths, mistIe-
toe and crimson candles md after
greetings the first contest was the
inditing Of = verso to the jolly old
saint Of the Yuletidc 1t which Miss
Winnifred South Was voted clever
est and was awarded the prize.
IN the illustrating Of the Christ
mas spirit. Miss Elizabeth Wins
low proved 70 b the most adept
and was awarded ! prize, while
Miss Susan Ella Shambrough was
the swiftest II coming words from
the Same Inspiring subject and was
also presented : prize.
A delicious oourse luncheon with
all the delicacies Of the season was
-
The Natchitoches enterprise., 1919-12-25
LOST

One bay mare mule, S years old, 143
hands high, long name and tail, mouth
has been cut with bits.
This mule was bought from F. M.
Dewell of Cypress. Liberal reward
viii be paid for any information con-
corning same Notify
MOTOR INN ING,
Natchitoches, La.
The Natchitoches enterprise., 1919-12-25
For Sale

About 30 bushels of pure Half and
Half Cotton seed. One lot of farm,
lmpllmenfs. second hand but in good
condition. consisting of two horse
wagon, plows, sweeps, cultivaters,
harrows, etc. A chance for a bargain,
CHARLES V. PORTER,
The Natchitoches enterprise., 1919-12-25

~~~~sS
NJ. H. Carver and A. Brown al
the L. S. U. boys At home for th
holidays.
Miss Joyce Weaver and brothe
Vey went to New Orleans Frida.
night to mset Mr.. John Brooks o
Ypsilanti, Michigan who is a holi
day guest of the Weaver family
Mr.. and Mrs. j. o. Montegu
of Donaldsonville are the welcome
guests of Mrs. Maud Henry, thei1
first home coming since their mar
riage in June.
Our line Of coats, suits and dresses il
most complete. We have combined the
line carried by our travelling saleslady
with the already complete line carried
by this store, and now offered at 20 per
cent reduction
-SEMMELMAN'S
! Mrs W.T.. Lake has arriyed from
Washington D. G. to be with her
mother, Mrs N. T. Smith, her hus-
! having been summoned to Germa-
ny and the regulations would not
permit her accompanying him.
Mrs. James Caffery and children
of Lafayette have who been the
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. V. L. Roy
for the past few weeks were joined
BY Mr.. Caffery for the holidays.
Mr.. Henry Breazeale is at home
for the Yuletide, his uncle r. E.
Breazeale coming up from New
Orleans as is his custom each year
to be with home folks at this
season.
Elsewhere in this issue we have wish
ed you q Merry Xmas and Happy New
Year. We will endeavor through out the |
coming year to still hold your good will
and business by getting the best values
in advertised merchandise and at the
best market prices obtainable
-SEMMELMAN'S
Misses Nelken, Guardia, Pear
son, Ewing, Chaplin, SWEET, De-
Bleux. Porter, Kile. }. and P.
v Weaver, Tauzin, Gallon, H., X.
md M. Breazeale, Cloutier, Katie,
Nash, Hargrove, N. and M. Hill,
L. and D. Freeman, aud Messrs.
Deyton Gun n az b q m and r.
Browne are among our teachers
'njoying the Yuletide at home. Il
Mr. r. w Ayers, the general
representative of Graham Paper co
It. Louis and New Orleans, spent
he weekend in Natchitoches and
on6rmed the news, rather fact,
hat we already. know. the
'tubbs' landslide that viii take !
lace on January the 2OtR, Mr.. .
Ayers travels all thru the state
nd keeps in close touch with men
nd matters and is In 4 position to
now political conditions as they
eally are, and tho : Parker man !
eadily acknowledges that his can
idate Was doomed to 60 up Salt !,
liver the early part of 1920. ! !,
The first 1920 calendars to reach :
be Enterprise are the very artistic !. ..
ne sent out by S. & H. Katie, q !
opy Of Promethehs, one of the .
lost exquisite pictures Of Maxwell
arrish, and one from Lays Can
= Kitchen, illustrating the months 3
ost attractively. /
Register and pay your poll tax
morrow.
The Natchitoches enterprise., 1919-12-25

For Sale---CH ZAP, a Stude
baker roadster. Apply to NJ. H.
Phelps, M. D.
The Natchitoches enterprise., 1919-12-25
The Enterprise
(. WEEKLY
THURSDAY, DEC. 25, 1919
A Merry Christmas
to all
our Readers.

DE VoE's FORECAST December
26tl to 9th, pleasant; 28th, {
storm will form over the Soutf
Atlantic States and move north.
eastward: 29th to 3Oth, rain OF
SNOW; 3lst, cold and blustery.
Mr. Abe Semmelman came down
fltm Shreveport to spend the week
Mr.. and Mrs. d. w. Breazeale
spent several days in Shreveport
last week.
Oar line of trunks, bags and suit cases
would do credit to any larger store, end
our prices are right
-SEMMELMAN'S
Mr.. and Mrs. J. E. Bell are en-
joying the holidays with Mrs Bells
parents in jefferson Texas.
Messrs. Will and Ed. Payne
spent several days in New Orleans
last week.
Mrs. E. L. Sanderson of Shreve.
port is spending the holidays with
Mr.. and Mrs. Z. o. Payne.
We still have good many Xmas pres
ents leftS suitable for the late sho pper
-SEMMELMAN'S
Rev. G. &. Carroll came up from
New Orleans in time to ENJOY the |
Yuletide with his family.
Mr. and Mrs. NJ. j. Durand of |
Marksville came up Saturday to
spend the holidays at home.
BE sure and take advantage of the 20
per cent reductions off on ladies coat
suits and dresses, the biggest values in
North Louisiana
-SEMMELMAN'S
Mrand Mrs H Pressburg and Chi
dren of Alexandria are the guests
Of Mr. and Mrs s. Nelken.
Miss Edith Porter has returned
flo Il a visit to Lecomte and Bum
XII.
We still have in effect the 20 per cent /
reduction on ell ladies coats, suits and
dresses, the best offerings of the sea-