davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-04
Buy Sell Rent
lost AND FoUND.

j OF MA good hunting dog, owner
can redeem same by identifying and
paying FOR this al. 1T22 Prairie ave.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-04

FOR S~ALE-StrfctIy modern six-room
house with double garage. This Is a
little beauty. Act quick. Possession az
1854
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-04

FOR RENT-Furnished room and board
IN private family gentlemen preferred
Ga n Scott 3. 7S15-tf
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-04
BUSINESS

BUSINESS PERSONALS.
FOR SALE-Onc six-rOom house. $1,000.
Also asbestos roof paint, gallon or bar
rel. j. Nelson, 400 =. Taylor 81. I'LL
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.
AN ESTABLISHED business I'm the heart
of south Bend. on Michigan St good
lease big building; for less than $1,000
address. Box 49L postoihce, South Bend.
1907
FOR SALE-At a bargain. shoe repairing
shop. including new machinery together
with stock enough coal for winter and
with good viii Of business; trade good !;
inquire at 2O7 LincOlnway f.. after Z
r. m 800
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-04
MALE HELL WANTED.

WANTED-Tailor. weekly man good
wages; apply. J. j. Krusburger. 2l6
vs. Jefferson blvd zSlI-4
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-04

FOR RENT-Furnished room to two
gentlemen. 1881 L Jefferson blvd.
7S14-6
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-04

LOST-Suuday. ladies black vanity bag
or road between Ear0da aad Burha
nan Under please rall Helen Marker.
Robertson Bros reward. 10
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-04

FOR SALE
10 rooms semi modern. on Fellows st,
close in. $500
; rooms. rear and side allar. close IA
On Rush st. $500
II room double house, semi modern,
large lot. Portage ev.. $500.
: rooms and modern, =. L. part. y
bargain. $500
I rooms. semi modern. ca High st.
close 10 sample. $500.
) rooms. semi modern. on Pleasant ST,
River Park. nice Tot. $500.
Three modern homes across the river.
ave squares from center ~ tie city. pre-
fer 20 sell all together as an are on a
corner Tot. Sl1.s00 only and a bargain.
J. NJ. Jolly, 30 \. Main 81. Phone Lin
coin 069d 7974-tf
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-04

WILL trade Ford touring car for Ford
panel TOP delivery body. Inquire NJ.
Kart Garage. 80 L Colfax av. Naln 215s
4eT4-u
FCk SALE-Automoblles. Pay as you
ride Select the ~tomob a small
pay ment down. pay us 10y the month.
NOkIHN ESTERN FINANCE Co
SA Citizens Bank Bldg
Lincoln Ito SS7- Nov14
FOR SALE
Ford Touring
Dodge Roadster
REQ Touring
Cadillac Eight Cylinder Touring
overland Roadster
Haynes Touring
Ford delivery
Studebnker Delivery
Dodge Graham Ia ton Truck Demon.
strator
L. w SIEINHART SOUTH BEND CO.
Cadillac Motor Cars
Milburn Electrics
Dodge Brothers Motor Cars
fhohe l-or 2l3 s.. Lafayette 81
S36o-tf
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-11-04
USED CAR SAFE

1910 Baby Grand Chevrolet Al con-
tires.
. Chevrolet -Four nineues. rs. Il. n.
o%verhauled ana refnlshed
1 Chevrolet roadster 1917.
> Fords. -. Is. j.. new paint. GOOD
running condition
Ford roadsters. reanisaed. aue con
Glti0n.
Overland roadster. rehuished. Eve
tires due condition.
1 Overland, 5 pass. goHd tl-es.
/ Maxwell. . pass. good tires a good
light car.
Briseoe : pass roadster. new paint
good condition.
Monroe roadster. new paint. good run
ming order electric starter.
Oakland 4 cyl 3 pass good ures
IL viii pay YOU 20 purchase your car
now and forestall price advance which
Is sure Co come. due % Shortage of
material. especially steel
We VIII demonstrate any car Won -
lect 60 yOu satisfaction.
Ask about our liberal navment Ma,
BElSTLE AUTO SALES 90.
Main IA 5i3 LIncoln Way West.
67SS.H
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-12-10
Chinese NIInIster Cominr.
MAIN BODY OF FLEET
TO SAIL TO GUANTANAMO
secretary Daniels Says Atlantic Graz,
IL Due 10 Leave on Jam
y.
IHr Assoeis,cdrr.

r. WASHlNGTON. Dec. o-The main
oSony OF the Atlantic Fleet vii! leave
EASTERN seaportS for Guantanamo.
Iupt, January s. Secretary Dlnicls a.
nouHccd today; Tho nagship pcnns,i-
lania nyinS. the flag of Admiral VII
son VIII lead eight OF tho most power
wi drcadnauShts In the fleet n1ty-siA
acSiroEcss. a number OF subma rim es
Submar ine chasers and a nect OF auSiI.
.ion SHIPS with naval hyinc unftcs
aboard. This force will later be aug
nented by a number OF battlcships and
cruisers. which NIL move southwark
as soon as the crews can be rccruitc 4
20 fun strength
Particular attention will he paid 10
main battery taEet practice on the
winter dyill grounds This year. Secre-
tsrN Daniels said. Extensive rcc, ma
houNers VIII be conducted during which
valuable tactical lessons learned dur
ing the war will ho used
No decrease in ability 10 hit nd III.
hard when necessary. has character
izcd Tho rehabilitation Of the navy
Mr.. Daniels declared The nav in
returning TO peace basis. has con
served the power that has enabled il
and will again enable 1t. 10 meet with
unwcakencd SincwS any crisis that NAV
arise. Security for the future. though
ncnt been lost sight o. III the problems
Of demobilization."
Reduced personnel has not been al
lowed 10 cause disprcportion in the
naval organization. the secretary de-
clarcd, and the navy is today in form
and splri; eolIdly welded lighting
unit.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-12-10
Keyboard Touches
Advantages of the Academic Zone.
BY FRANK ii. BROOKS.

one who has lived forty years in the thunder
and dust and rush OF the metropolis, who has
been 80 accustomed to lodging motor ca rs and
- elbow worn by contact with the crowd. who
almost shied when he entered his church pew,
never realizes the storm Ccntcrs through which
nc has passed until he finds himself removed
from the RELENTLESS activities OF several mil
academic shades OF community where he is
awakened in the morning by the Growing or the
cock instead OF the honk and tho shrieks OF
whistles and the calls OF hucksters he knows
what environment has TO do with life. In the
city everything gravitates to business In the
college town everybody gets the student gait.
Even the commercial impact or the college town
has academic sound.
In one OF these towns where leave
anything but money on the sidewalk with the
certainty OF nndins ii when the owner returns-
where honor is the system and takes prcced-
cncc over ordinances. | had occasion pat ron
!He what in the city is called tonsorial palace
uatc--an y g., am told. Why lie IS barber
is not explained. His way of trimming hair is
no different from that of tho every day sort OF
hair cutter But his a trihc more
composed He belongs 10 one OF the best clubs
IN town lie is not. however. pcdantic. When !
offered a tip he declined ILL., An a:ida Wit ought
TO 20 with this statement, but notary public
win be student next year. The cop on the
only busy crossing told he had homes" To
get his bow in West Point next wear. The man
VINO sold me cigars has his degree ! met an
old man who cleans UP the refuse from the
street TO the question: why are YOU here
collcgiate education In the city he wou,i he
looking for an appointment on the police force
In tho fire department. Environment is
everything, everywhere.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-12-10
From Other Viewpoints
Should Crnsors BE Censored.
ny DIR. FRANK ANDREWS FALL.

There is sound logic behind the contention Of
hers OF the Auilors, League OF America that
INC pnblic should take hold vigorously OF the
The average enema fan is probably bit
oa Se "f is h We 'h nave of ,Ss
states ,wo disiinc; kinds OF censorship official
OF our Commonwe aIths--rennsyivania, Mary airy!
land OHIO and NansAs Muneipal esnforshlp
Gtity with The mater row under nyes,iga'ion
Nonofsa %snsorshp in Inv "" Nnions Board
OF Review. which really represents the pubic.
shment less lied boards on the ground that
90 crrn S nnn nrs NOT
arh',srary authority should not be placed IN
zee 'sss hands OF small groups of political aapo"-
Thst 'he W. KINDS, OF censorship are bound
producers OF INC nlm called. The Miracle Man"
o" h@ @e .hGp s''rS @ad o Pax of me ssn
,n!5 an nhHGin,eiy without change Of scene;
Of censorshih composed OF three people cloined
4 o i" hs in az
wanna prohibited he showing OF the film nn,il
the result Is II nc "Sn ntoc OF enTn
%y N, arc a,iowed 10 see This h!n at all they
Wa orlS'naliE i strongly dramatic and morally
Il is impossible 10 determine what Induced
ne 'rnnnsN!yania cenhers 20 make some Of their
Pc euro you can rust men and fear nothing"
Tin . censors directed that for This there DC cub
Ike ,h!s how ,nuch ! car" for YOU" Anothc,'
laDc' IN witch the heroine Of the 9tory re-
ferrcd 10 AZ being "straiEht.' leaving tho OBJ
Etonsiy "niai: inference ,hai shr might have
been otherwise
Tho author % lls MIN has Tho heartfelt
sympathy OF prominent English scenario
writer who comulai ns that the ccnsors climi-
aied OF his sccnos IN witch ~ married
eonpic we're shown in furniture store. pur-
chasing cra1c. Tho samc ccnsors gu, on, the
l.hlo: pdri OF - farm scene. ~ which a calf was
shown getting iis i"c'"Ai rations IN the <inanncr
when htA boon ounsih"r"d perfectly good form
10 r"ral dl%iLir'n los many years. l'u, they
"rpN" the dhlhpTN hc1rr a.d spoiled his
n lI.,t nil nn,~L ,,,f
scene. on winch thc whol" dc vclopmcui Of the
n'iph appended. on the ground that
played Nv technique Of crime"
u the c'nkorH order many alterations as they
40 l" nc r'a" of The Miracle Man" they
,d",s 40 end or trouble and expense for the
niod',r"r " nc prohibit he showing Of
MN rnNrcIN. ihrE xiv" both author and pro
pr ~, rh"nrc - Gn"'c Shylo"k 70 'he etfec,
in'an. whereby liyc" Tho PENNSYLVANIA cen
.9iH 'nlbaIo ~" oHhthition OF NJ: Rex i}cachs
: WV, ~" lirhud and the consequent csti-
.u"..u loaH 10 Sir i"i"h IN royalties amount cd
600 "'' UNI 't"r an an'hor) or Slh'.
WI "plnson onr ~ Inclined 10 hcliovc. CON.
, nix, = pt"niy ,ihoicn, censorship IN Itself.
NM, ~" ,"""I iIy"rG-"i REVIEW does we'll to Nap-
li"nnh 'h' problen from lhih ans Copyright,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-12-10
AMERICAN DELEGATION
QUITS PARIS FOR HOME
Peace Conference VIII Now Mark ,rI,,e
Awaiting WnshinEton's Action
ON Treaty.
iBy Universal s,,v,,,

BY Universal Sotvcsl
iANIS. Dec. e.-Thc departure of ,hc
;hinericsn peace delegation this even
ing virtually ended tho activities OF
tho supreme council of tho peaco cor.
ference. ~"
The French. British and Italian dele
gates remaining here Will have occa-
sionai sessions 20 exchange views. bu;
~ is understood no new business will
nc negotiated for the reason that the
allies believe the United States may
yet ratity the peace treaty. and they
VIII make no decisions without con.
SuItins washington.
United states Ambassador wallace
Will act as the intermediary charged
with referring questions TO the Amcr!-
can government.
Frank Polk before his departure.
gave detailed Instructions TO the am.
basshdor with regard 10 the American
Motley toward Roumania.' hungary and
Germany. Problems affecting these
head OF unfinished business"
\ rousin7 farewell was rendered Mr.
Polk and his colleagues as they loft
raris for Brcst. whence they will sail
Tor home tomorrow.
All the important members OF the
automatic corps. many ministers and
other Important personages. were at
Tho station 20 bid the Americans god
speed. The latter were literally show
cred With flowers and souvenirs. Pre-
minr Clcmenccau warmly shook hands
with each American delegate
In tho afternoon Mr.. Polk had paid
4 farewell call TO the Franch Premier.
hut he refraiped from making a forma,
round OF automatic calls. simply Civ
inr \ cordial Cood-hy TO his European
colleagues from the steps o: the train.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-12-10
A Daily Once Over
Er.n"my Higgins From Home.

As man with what is known As a white col
t'r sob Hou realize that Your home life Is no;
what II once "as. due TO the high OF tho
necessities.
You are worried with rapidly advancing OK
pcnsos, which are far in advance Of your in
Reaching HON" YOU arc in irritable mood or
50 dnspcndcnt iha; YOU east a gloom over every
member or tho family.
Your family is no 20 n!amc for the condition
in WHICH you find Yourself
Why should they TIE madc suffer more
Trough your III temper disgust Win living
conditions IS they arc AZ present:
Tho chances Your wife breads 70 speak 10
You about any matters OF household expenses
because his brings from YOU tho insinua ions.
prrh"nS erect accusation that SOC is eco
nom.ca' enough IN home mana cement
Why not sens. in limo and
go over tho expense accounts with her. shown 2
ihat you appreciate the high of increase
beyond he: control and acknowledging what
YOU ca n sc" she has done TO combat IT.
Also. II You would acuuaint yourself with tho
facts, YOU might learn in short order just what
noes bccomo OF tho money. Don't blame Your
wifr.--Copyrish;, 1919
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-12-10
AID TRANSPORTATION BY
IMPROVING WATERWAYS
Rivers and Harbors Congress Hears
Senator Ransdell Discuss Rail-
road Bill Change.
MISSISSIPPI LITTLE USED
secretary Daniels Declares Present
generation Has Witnessed Almost
Complete Abandonment OF Noble
Stream as Artery OF Commerce.
IBy Associated Pravs1

WASHINGTON. Dec. 9.-Deyelop
ment of the country's great water.
ways system so us to relieve tho pres.
ent-day strain on rail transpor,atto,
was urged today by speakers at The
opening of the fifteenth annual con.
rcntion OF the National Rivers and
Harbors Congress.
Some OF The changes suggested IN
the railroad bill pending in the Sen.
ate. and designed to encourage the
upbuilding OF water routes. were OK
planned in detail by Senator Joseph
-. Ransdell. OF Louisiana, president of
tho organization.
viii Not Seek REELECTION.
In presenting his annual report
senator Ransdeil reiterated that he
would not seek election. feeling now
vice OF fourteen years. to turn the
ONCE over to another man.
Reference by Representative Small,
dcil's magnificent work" and his re-
fusa' TO remain longer at the helm
brought the convention to Its feet for
prolonged cheering
Whilc urged by many OF the dele
gates here from ALI states to recon
slider, Senator EansdciI declared that
nc had rullv made up his mimd tn re-
hnitc and final. The nominating com.
mittcc,s report will no, be presented
uhti! thursday, but tho general report
today was that Representative Small
had been selected rs Senator Rausdclrs
successor
Tells of Great Rivers Abandonment.
Aside from the preliminary reports
me me convention today heard Secretary
lact that the present generation had
Witnessed almost tho entire abandon
ment of the Mississippi River as an
artery Of commerce.
senator Smith. of South Carolina
largely Identified in recent years in
RAINING raiiw legislation told OF tho
hccd or legislation which would foster
water trans portdtion lines, and Repre-.
sentative small pleaded for ''rcmoyal
OF shackies from water transportation
imposed by the railroads
Mr. Small insisted tina, escr s.s,or
was entitled TO live. hut that they
should he co-ordinatcd for the public
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-12-10
News of Fifty Years Ago
T'rom the Richmond Dispatch, Dec. 10. 1859

General Candy yesterday issued an order on
OF the Circuit Court of Richmond az he raj q
OF $4,000 per year. instead or $1,000 as hereto
fore.
Artisan Council Friends of Temperance To-
Gated on oregon Hill: was chartered yesterday
and Will be organized in few days. or ra her
in Il few nights.
Manchester's Council has passed IN ordinance
forbiddin2 the sale OF meats in That town out
side of the regular market house
Another tank has been occupied We have
received the first number q! the Herald, pub
lishcd 81 Gloucester Courthouse.
Tho Postmaster General recon me fSds tina, the
postage on all printed matter he required be
prepaid. that is by weight and by the publisher
and not ny the subscriber receiver. .
Roy. Charles IL. Iyland commenced his min
istrations as pastor OF the Baptist Church in
Alexandria last Sunday.
4 movement is on foot in IynchburE looking
to the extension Of the Soukhsfde Railroad from
That CITY 10 2 connection with the Chesapeake
and Oho RAILROAD. probably at Covineton
from Nireipia and several members or the Leg
and thanked him for the rccommendation in his
vrsn aG he hSEsd s fuS h eSaSsi
asked Tor tho appointment OF Judge Alexander
Rivcs AS circuit judge.
In the Senate yesterday MIR. Morton Of IN
diana, in reduced joint resolution admitting
Ntrginia TO the Union and seating her Senators
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-12-10

To tho Editor of The Times Dispatch
Str--ln quiet spot in FLANDERS. boa utifu be =
!on'i compare, Americas lie sleeping
AWaitne resurrection morn.
AS stood amidst that bivouac OF immortal
dcad-ihc SOFT autumu air WAS laden with tho
perfume OF flowers while the s'aniinS rays OF
The seitinS sun fell like a bcncdic,ion OF peace
upon tho scene.
Alone with the dead the bcau,itui ,ncssa sc
81 comfort 10 stricken hearts: etc Eivcth Its
beloved slccp'-rcsc up IN my heart and trsm.
biud ahdthlS upon my lips.
Truiy<t was Gods Acrc-"His peace that
pasSeth all undcrstandinE"-had fallen -t,pon ii
ind made il holy ground.
II is Well with thcn,\ No more sorrow no
more wcrplnc. IN more pain
OH mothers. fathers. wives and sisters. Is
tncrc no ia I'M Tor your stricken hearts-sav We
the removai Of halIowcd ashcs-consiSncd 10
"Dus, TO dns,. ashes to ashos?' Must their last
!ranauh resting place beneath the sod be dis
iurbrd. and profancd by hands unhoIy.
Could You but 80 With me in spirit to that
PARKWAY city OF the dcad--whcrc like a choir
inv visible. Gods i!ttlc feathcrcd songsters chan,
rcuuicms Tor your loved ones, ! believe that tho
peace OF God would enter into your bruised and
aching hearts. and your trembling lips would
hraNely learn 10 say:
Now the aborer's task is o'or;
Now upon Il farther shore
Lands the voyaSor 1T last.
Father, IN THY gracious kcepinE
Leave wo nov Thy servants siecnin=
Earth 10 carth and dus, TO dust,
Calmly now tho words say,
Left behind. wait in trust
For the resurrection day.
Father, in Thy gracious Keeping
Leave we now Thy servants sleeping"
Richmond Va. November -, 1918
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-12-10
CHICAGO LEADS FOR 1920
REPUBLICAN CONVENTION
Friends Of Wood aud Low den Bring
Organized Pressure TO Bear for
Their Men.
nv Associated Press. !

WASH INCrON. Dec. Although
Chicago admittedly was the favorite
tonight FOR the 1870 convention city
or the Republican party. choice Of
which will be made here tomorrow
by the national committee, boosters
FOR ST. Louis still were making do
termined campaign, and were assert
ing that they had a fshting chance TO
win
Discussion as to the date OF the
convention. which also will be fixed by
the committee tomorrow, centcred
about Tuesday. June S.
Selection OF time and place for the
convention will conclude the formal
business OF the committee meeting.
hut most OF the hundreds OF party
leaders. who have come to Wash ing
ton for the occasion. are expected 10
stay for the session OF the state chair
man, which convenes Thursday.
Some Of them will remain until tho
end OF the week. continuing the dis.
cussiou of political candidates and
the numerous get-together sessions.
which have featured the gathering
Particularly conspicuous were the
friends OF Major-General Leonard
Wood and Governor Frank Q. 1,owden.
Of Illinois. who brought to Washing
ton working organizations TO further
the interests OF their respective cam
lidates.
son. of Indiana, and Warren G; Hard
the arena. while those favorins other
candidates werc busy feeling out the
sentiment ot the committeeman and
their guests.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-12-10

Government rebuyinG in the open market
OF Liberty bonds of the face value OF $685.
"S0.50U resulted in profit OF $4,000, 600.
IN other words, the original purchasers de
iberatcY threw away not only the S45,000.-
ono. hut something like 100000 annually in
interest that would have been paid them for
years TO come. When 10 this is added the
several billions more chat have been disposed
or TO private purchasers at like sacritice
the fact becomes outstanding that the lesson
of thrift so assiduously agitated was largely
lost on the American people
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-12-10
The Pcrfidy of Carranza

a y abstract Of the evidence co,lo,,o,
I"e subcommittee Of the Senate Foreign
s, "tio"s committee investigating the Next
I'd" s''"a tion a memorandum OF which was
ppa'tu LOT PRESIDENT Wilson, and has been
leieased Tor publication by Senator Eou
chairman Of the investigating committoo -;
crosses pcrhdy on the part of the Carrsny,
administration in its relations With tbis corr
Try mat Is absolutely shocking, and adds pou.
'e"' ~ inc strained relations now existing
between the two countries The ovid.nna
directly connects Carranza with a n,ot enci-
"eefeo oS the l. ". W to stir up revolt in
the United States, TO overthrow its qovarn
n.en'' ana the seizure and return TO Mcxico
oi territory acquired by the United States
under the treaty Of 1S4S
me record Of evidence as to the ac,ir;,ios
III support Of this ambitious scheme -
'oihminous. and includes proof of Carr,ny,.
connection with the plot in the form or In,
teis 10 which is attached his own signature
:No' only So but evidence is presented show
ing that conditions now along the horde oro
'dP'diF taxing on the character revealed j.,
the plot '"'eu ia
AZ uclcTence to the Presidents renuov,
-! "hich he suggested that the initiative in
directing relations with foreign povornno,,
was assigned by the Constitution r. ,ho
executive, and TO the executive onlv tbo van
u'!oh asking President Wilson to break
VIZ reiationS with the CarranZa
government was abandoned by Rcnub,ic.,n
leaders, and the further course Of actio, -
,eSpec' TO the acute situation that has arisen
Wy reason OF these disclosures is left 10 Tho
Presidents initiative " Wv
mere can be no blinking or the trutb
however that the situation has rcached ,bn
"N"'e stage IN which the whole attitude of
me administration toward the Carrahza .o,l
''"'ncnt WIFI have to be reversed I'm thc dc
manu- ior an explanation Of its pcrGdioue
pollcy, coupled with assurances ne IN -.
iu,uie soou conduct. TO satisfy indignant
r"n,.o oP'i,"h IN this country. 1t is un-
ihlnkablc that the American NAOMI ;,,
longer passivcly submit 10 the ipolcrah,n
S'"'c OF ahairs now existing by reason Of IN.
u"P''''o"s course pursued by the Carrauza
o'erhmeht in respect to its intcrnat,nn,I
on s"'iohs' and speedy action by the prc.j.
uent, announcing a change in the noIicv or
ocailng with that country may he cou0dcn,Iy
anticipated.