davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1919-02-13

spring into prominence in this coun-
try, do not seem able to find out
as the origin Of Department Stores is
hard to trace, but they have been
with us less than fifty years. The
general merchandise store, with which
all of us are familiar, as there are
still many of these throughout the
country, especially in the smaller
towns, handling all kinds Of goods.
but not in departments, is considered
by some, as the prototype Of the
modern department store. The func-
tons performed by the two institu-
tons are certainly similar but their
organizations are entirely different,
and the records show, that but COM
paratively few of the present depart
ment stores, were the direct out
growth Of general merchandise stores,
1t does seem however, that large
proportion of Department Stores
trace their origin to dry-goods stores,
The keen competition among the dry
goods merchants, and the narrowing
margins Of profit on the staple lines
of merchandise, which constituted the
bulk of their business, helped to make
the merchants more ready to take on
new lines, and to expand their stores
by adding new departments. Thus
gradually numerous dry-goods stores
grew into Department Stores.
Many of our Department Stores,
and especially in the larger cities,
had their origin in the consolidation
of several stores conducted by as
many individuals under one roof.
There are in existence today many
such stores, where the various de-
partments are owned by individuals,
but all operating under one roof, and
to all appearances as one store.
AS said before, cannot locate any
definite date as to just when depart
ment stores made their appearance,
but the fact remains that the period
following the panic of 1884 in this
country saw rapid development of
this class of retailing establishments.
The Jordan Marsh Company Store
in Boston is credited by some with be-
ing the first real Department Store
in this country. This store, it is
said, received the idea from the Bon
Marche, a large retail store in Paris,
and it is said this store is the first
real department store of which any,
thing is known anywhere. Shortly
after the Jordan Marsh Store had
been departmentized, other stores of
this character We're established in
Chicago, Philadelphia, New York, and
other large cities.
The growth of the Department
Store business since that time has
been phenomenal Naturally the de-
partment store business is largely
concentrated in the larger cities, but
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1919-02-13
THE MODERN DEPART
MENT STORE
Marvin SOIien, Manager of New York
Department Store. Gives Some
Interesting History of Big
Department Stores

Marvin Solien, manager OF the
New York Department Store, read the
following paper at recent meeting
of the Minot Rotary Club. 1t is full
of valuable information and should be
read carefully:
When Mr.. Long asked me to talk on
Department Stores, did not realize,
until l began to consider my subject,
that there was so much that could be
said about Department Stores, or that
there were so many phases of the
Department Store business, that
would be worthy of consideration.
However, for this particular occa-
sion, think it will be more interest
ing for most of us, to talk about De-
partment Stores, generally and
have attempted to bring together in a
general way some of the outstanding
features of the Department Store
business.
In the first place, Department
store is retailing institution that
deals in several lines of goods, each
line separated or "departmentized"
from the rest, both in location with
in the building, and in the concerns
accounting and management sys-
TENS.
Each department, in modern de-
partment store, is practically store
in itself, as in the larger stores in
particular, each has it's separate or
ganization of buyer, or department
buyer, and sales people very much as
any independent store. Of course
the larger the store the more nearly
this feature is carried out but to a
certain extent any store that has
right to be called Department Store,
is operated in this manner.
Just when these stores began to
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1919-02-13
ton.

ton.
A department store, even when
planned for the highest efficiency, is
a place where there may be thous-
and leaks. Hired employees are US
ually less dihgent and watchful, than
people for themselves. Carelessness
loss of materials, spoilage, leakage,
breakage, and so on are likely to oc-
cur more freely in the big store than
in the small store. Only eternal vigi-
lance can keep such losses down and
this when left to hired eyes presents
big problem for most stores.
There is one more thing would
like to mention in connection with
my subject and it is this: In a re-
cent issue of one of our national mag
azines | read a very interesting ar
ticle entitled "Has the Department
Store Seen It's Best Days" / do not
remember who was the writer of the
article but the text of the write-up
was to the effect that speciality stores
were gradually making inroads on the
Department Stores business and he
seemed to think that these stores had
seen their best days as far as fut-
ure was concerned.
While his article was very interest
ing, l could not agree with him for l
believe that the Department store as
a merchandising institution, if prop
erly conducted, comes more nearly be-
ing an ideal distributor Of merchan-
disc than any other organization.
do believe however, that a great
many Of the expenses and really sup
erf1uous accommo dations with which
department stores have burdened
themselves, will be done away with
and if this is done they can operate
under their system at a minimum of
expense.
There has been much criticism of
late of the manner Of the distribu
ton of merchandise. Any unneces-
sary overhead expense that any bust
ness is forced to add to it's cost of do
ing business, will have to be eliminat-
ed. Under the department store sys-
tenn Of doing business it is possible
for them to operate with very low
overhead and predict that in the fut-
ure every town of any size will have
it's large department store or stores
operated, as they can be with their
advantages at a very low overhead
and thus being able to furnish the
public merchandise at very reason
able price.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1919-02-13
Keeping Wavering Ones in Line

Any Nonpartisan league member
Of the legislature who does not carry
into effect the Nonpartisan league
caucus orders for the enactment Of
measures that constitute the "league
program" will be driven out of North
Dakota. This threat was made yes
terday by the Nonpartisan league
leaders through the medium Of the
Capital Daily Press of Bismarck. IF
any league legislator is planning to
double cross his fellow legislators and
his constituents, let us give him one
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1919-02-13
Mrs. Erickson Painfully Burned

Mrs. Hjalmer Erickson is suffering
from severe burns received from
steam and boiling water which escap-
ed from a boiler just as the cover
was lifted. Her face was very severe
ly burned.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1919-02-13

piece Of advice in advance" says the
paper LET him prepare to leave
North Dakota. Let him lay his plans
to move into some remote territory.
North Dakota will be too hot for him.
He will be remembered forever as
the Judas Of the farmers movement
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20

places. A machine gun squad waS In
position within hundred feet OF each
voting place. while strong military
police patrols we're also on guard. The
voters everywhere turned out early
and the rush to the poles resulted In
the formation Of long lines OF men and
women awaiting their turn to vote.
The municipal government oi
greater Berlin has protested to the
Ebert government against the pro-
posal to convene the national as
sembly elsewhere than in Berlin.
Conservative In Allied Zone.
Coblenz, dan. 10. - The extreme
radicals are believed to have found
little support today among tho Ger
man voters In the American zone OF
occupation. Early reports tonight in
d'cated that the delegates elected 10
the national assembly we're from the
more conservative groups,
The American troops were on the
alert thruout the area of occupation
prepared to suppress any disorder, bu,
none was reported either in Coblen2
or in the smaller towns. The voting
was conducted quietly. the only un.
usual feature being the participation
of the women.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20

and influence Of Great Britain solidiy
behind him." Arthur Henderson,. tho
British labor leader. declared to the
Associated Press today.
Mr.. Henderson il In Bernc to ar
range the prcliminaries for an annual
labor conference hero Jan. ~. The
British labor leader said he was dis
appointed that Samuel Gompers, presi-
dent of the American Federation OF
Labor. had formed another trade un-
lon conference.
Mr. Henderson outlined some OF the
difficulties which he had faced IN
bringing about labor conference. The
conference was first planned for In
Paris coincident with the peace con-
ference. hut the French government
let It be understood that this was not
acceptable Nto them. Lausanne was
then chosen but again came hints from
the Swiss-T french that French Switzer.
land was not possible as the scene OF
the conference, altho they did not
object to its being held In German
Switzerland. Berne was then selected
as the meeting place.
Germans and Austrians as well as
Dutch and Swedish labor leaders. Mr.
Henderson said he understood would
participate. French and Italian dele
gates probably will attend. The con-
ference plans to take up labor ques-
tions such as a maximum working day
a uniform wage scale and related mat
ters and to forward findings to the
peace conference in the hope that they
will be incorporated in the peace
treaty. The conference here. II it is
held will be the first actual meeting
between allied and enem" labor lead
ers since the beginning Of the war
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20
German Government Pro-
tests to RusGian Reds
For Activities.
OBJECTS TO AID
GIVEN SPARTACAN0
Threatens Vigorous Msas.
urss Against Russiacs Whs AIDED
5 ,surssnts and Are Still Svppertins
Them-eoishsvik Advance Asainst
Polish Frontier Slseksns-Nsw Cab
met in Hungary.

Berne, Jan. 2o.--The German govern
ment has sent a motto TO the Russian
bolshev!st government protesting
against the support given the Sparta
cans by the bolshevists.
The German authorities declare they
are in possession Of '1rrefutable proofs
of the attitude OF the bo.sheviki and
say that the revolutionists who In
tended "to overcome tho German peo-
pie were paid with money officially
supplied by the Russian authorities =
Russian official representatives in
Germany, II IL said. took an active part
in the revolutionary movement.
The note says that the German GOV.
ernment will take vigorous measures
against the Russians who aided the In
surgents and are still supporting them.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20
New Experience. for Huns.

Berlin, Jan. 19.-The streets OF Ber-
lin today were virtually buried under
a deluge Of election badges, han6bills
and leaflets, while the fronts Of houses
and available windows were p!astered
with huge posters.
The spectacle was one wholly new
to Berlin, where the billboard privil-
eyes are strictly confined to the fam
iliar columns on the street corners
while the distribution Of haidbills is
ordinarily severely restricted.
Today, however, the house and shop
fronts on Inter Den Linden, from the
Kaiserplatz to the opera house were one
continuous billboard appeal to the
voters. The majority socialists alone
are reported to have distributed So
OOO, 900 badges in addition to wall pa
pering the city with myriads of posters.
The entire apparatus Of the govern
ment was set in motion for the ma
iority socialist campaign, which was
easily the most effective Of any car
ried on for today's historic election OF
members Of the national assembly. In
addition to having the strasct!c advan-
take Of government control the Schei-
demann party was more adept at cant
paigning than the burgeoise factions,
to whom the game under present con-
ditions was somewhat new.
Vote Under Gun Range!
The independent socialists confined
their attempts at vote getting to pub
1ic meetings. The German democratic
party. however. was literally repre-
sented among the handbills and posters
and in addition 1t carried on All active
house to house canvass. .The conser-
vatiye clericals and national liberals
proved themselves comparative tyros
in campaign methods relying chiefly
on the party newspaper organs.
Z 1t IL estimated that no less than
seven divisions Of troops we're placed
al the disposal OF the government for
tNs purpose Of protecting the polling
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20
FIND BODY IN RIVER,
Identified as Mrs. Richeman. Who Has
Been Missing Four Weeks,

Des Moines Jau.2o--A body found
caught in a oilc OF driftw God beneath
the Rock Island bridge In Des Moines
rives Saturday was identified Satur-
day night by Mrs. Alma F.. Roberts,
90S Laurel street, as that OF her
mother. Mrs. Barbara Richeman, So
years old, who disappeared from the
home Of. Mrs. Roberts on the night OF
December 70. 8s-7 f'ss7 ~
Tony Ross, Fort Dcs Moines and
I'd Reynolds 1898. Linden street,
saw the body about a hundred feet out
in the river. while they were searchin:
for clans.
They reported to the police, and
then brought the body to shore. Cor
oner Gift took charge of the body. re-
moving it to the Mcbride undertaking
parlor. where it was Identified by
Mrs Roberts.
Mrs. Richeman was mentally de-
ranged and had been undergoing
treatment. She had gone to the home
Of her daughter to spend Christmas
and disappeared on her first evening
there.
Henning Bergstrom. aS9 Seventh
street. old the police that he had seen
woman jump from the Locust street
bridge at 1910 the same night. 1t is
now believed that IL was Mrs. Richie
man whom Bercstrom saw Jump. into
the river.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20
Wire Companies Not Restricted.

Washington. Jan. 20.--In disposing Of
test cases the supreme court today de-
cided that the commerce act as amend
ed in 1910 did not prohibit the free
exchange Of utility service between tel
egraph and telephone companies and
railroad companies, even where SER
vice from one line to points on another
was involved. The decision sustained
the action of the lower court in setting
aside interstate commerce commission
rulings Of March IS. 1916. which held
that such service must be paid for by
each party on the basis OF the pub
loshcd tariff rates. to which the gen.
cral public also was entitled.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20
LOOK FOR HIGHER PRICES
Army Officials Increase Appropriations
10 Per Can't to Meet Advances,

Washington, Jan. 20-Higher food
prices are anticipated by army offici-
ais. who in asking congress for ap-
preparations for food purchases dis
closed today that they had allowed for
a 10 per cent increase in the year be-
ginning next July.
When the food administration ceases
to function and all its restrictions are
removed. prices will go skyhigh de-
clared Lieutenant Colonel Adams or
the quartermaster corps before the
house military committee hearings on
the house appropriation bill.
An army rationed food for one man
for one day now costs the government
4s cents. Colonel Adams said approp-
riations had been asked on basis OF
- cents
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20
HOSPITAL WINS
INFLUENZA SUIT
Waterloo Sisters Need Not Accept
Patients III With Contagious Dis
eases-Court Rules Against Health
Officials in Interesting Case.

Waterloo. JAN 2O.--F'ranciscan sisters
complete victory in the action
started to compel the sisters to accept
influenza patients in the hospital, ac-
cording to a decision filed by Judge C.
W. Mullan with the clerk Of the dis
trict court late Saturday afternoon.
Judge Mullan held that the Waterloo
board Of health and the East Water
loo township board of health could not
compel the sisters to accept patients
suffering from contagious disease.
Judge Mullan ruled that the tenn
porary injunction issued restraining
the sisters from interfering with the
board Of health in the attempt to re-
move patients into the hospital must
be dissolved and made the temporary
injunction restraining the board OF
health from removing influenza pa
tients to the hospital a permanent in
junction.
No case started in district court in
recent months aroused as much atten-
ton as this case. 1t was an unusual
case in that no similar case had been
decided in the courts.
The local board Of health made an
effort to have patients suffering from
influenza taken to the st. Francis hos
pital. The sisters in charge refused
to accept the patients, maintaining
that it would be q violation of the
rules to accept patients suffering from
a contagious disease and would expose
other patients already in the building
to the epidemic. The board of health
then secured temporary injunction
restraining the sisters and made an
attempt to remove two patients to the
hospital that evening. There was no
room in the building and the patients
were later removed to the Presbyter-
ian hospital.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20
Two peds, Officers Fac. Trial.

Des Moines, Jan. 20.-Capt. F. e.
Gregory and Lieut. J. B. Herring. un-
der arrest at Camp Dodge in connection
with the near riot here yesterday when
soldiers and civilians clashed with the
police will be given an early tfial by
court martial. It was said today.
Three enlisted men, Corporal John
Wall and Privates Mike Rothatz and S.
T. Andrese. returned overseas patients
at Fort Des Moines, awaited sentence
today following conviction on charges
OF resisting arrest and making trouble.
while two civilians, Frank Jackson
and William Brewer, were arraigned
in municipal court and their formal
hearing was set for Jan. 20 on their
pleas Of not guilty.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20

dent Wilson was met by Antoninc
Du6ost, the president OF the senate,
and escorted to the Salon des Con-
tercnces. where the covers for the
luncheon were laid.
This chamber was formerly the
throne room OF the Bourbon kings. II
is one of the most magnificent in Eu-
rope, with famous paintings and
gobelin tapestry depicting French his
tory.
President Dubost sat at the head Of
the table with President Wilson at his
right and President Poincare at his
left
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20
ioWA'S HONOR ROLL.
Eleven io~ans Reported Among Cas-
ualties Overseas.


Washington. Jan. 20.-Eleven Iowans
are included in the casualty lists is
sued for publication today and Sun
day. as follows:
Wounded severely-Lieut George
Hezzlewood. Des NToines: Private
Hamilton c. Miles. Waubeek.
Died OF disease-Sergeant Joseph
James. Eddyville; Private George, c.
Strange, Madrid
Died OF wounds-CorporaI Earl J.
Lisle. Perry; Privates Harold Christian
Anderson. Mason City: Robert w
Tadlock. Mediapolis.
Wounded slightly-Privates Alfred
NJ. WisesIand, Dccorah: Ray T.. Smith
Creston.
Killed in action, previously reported
severely wounded-Private Bennie H
Hahn. Cherokee. &ns'
Dead. -preyiolIsly reported missing
GorporaiSRay II. Myers, Walnut.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20
Defeated in Elections,
Spartacans Seek to
Destroy Records.
LOSE EVERYWHERE
IN STREET BATTLES
Proposed Constitution For German Re.
public Drawn Up-Rsichstas to ee
Made Supreme and Powers Of Prssi-
dent Will BE limited-Can Not %.
clare War or Make Treaties-Would
Hold Office Seven Years.
Isy the Associated Press. ]

Berlin, Jan. 1s.-onIy scattered
returns from the election in Berlin
can be available before Monday. In
the Ruhlsben precinct the majority
socialists poIIed 1,o2s votes and the
Independent socialists 7.
TwentX-four Of the S31 election
districts in Greater Berlin give the
following totals: German demo.
cratic party, 7,375; majority social
lists, o,fS5; independent socialists,
3,o05; German national party, 4.7o6 |;
German peoples party, $3.50;
Christian (eentrists1 party, 2,254.
The strength shown by the demo-
Gratis is surprising to the politi
clans in view Of the fact that 6er-
lin always has been overwhelming
Iy socialist.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20
soI.h.xi.t Advance slasl.ns.

Warsaw, Saturday. Jan. IL iby the
Associated Press).--Bolshevis ,troops
have slackened their advance 1t the
Polish frontier. The Germans are de-
laying their evacuation OF Grodano for
several days. altho General Falken-
hayn has retired to Suwaiki and GEN.
cral Hoffman has gone to KoeniGsberg.
Polish leaders allcge that Germans
are selling arms to the bolshevists nm
der the pretense OF aiding the society
OF provisioning ukrania." Dispatches
state, however, that bolshevist forces
have been seen carrying banners In
scrtbed with the words. Long live the
red terror and Death to non- work.
ers."
The bo'shevists are especially bitter
against the Poles. it being reported
that the declaration OF a holy war
against Poland by the Moscow govern
ment made It "the right and duty OF
every holshevist to kill the Poles as
enemies of mankind"
Miss Shcbeko. n sister Of a member
of the imperial council succeeded In
escaping from Mohilev and has reached
Warsaw.
The officer OF the Polish lcgio,
who went to visit SerdowskF is al
legged to have been murdered because
he wore epaulets. which are forbidden
by the bolshevsts. Miss Shebeko
says the sentence was finally ap-
proved when II was learned that the
officer knew how to read and write.
One OF the speakers at the hearing
was reported TO have declared There
will be perfect equity In the world
only when nobody knows how. to read
and write"
Miss Shebeko says that many we'll
bred women in Russia have committed
suicide thru fear OF outrage
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1919-01-20
New Cabinet For Hungary.

Berne. Jan. e0.-The socialists in
Hungary according TO telegram
from the Hungarian press bureau.
have decided to enter a cabinet headed
by former Minister of Justice Bor-
!nky. In which they wifi collabcrate
with the non socialist parties. The
socialists. IL Is added. would receive
the portfolios Of war. interior and
public instruction
Another telegram from Budapest
saws that Count Karoli. the president
Of the Hungarian republic. has en-
trusted NJ Berinkey with the forma- X
ton OF ministry.