davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20
Distinction in Amendment.

Senator Lodge-Mr. President, in that
connection I did not mean to ask
another question. / take IL there Is no
question whatever under international
law and practice, that an amendment to
the text of treaty must be submitted
to every signatory and must receive
either their assent or their dissent. ]
had supposed IL had been the general
diplomatic practice with regard to reser-
vations. which apply only to the re-
serving Power. and not to all the sig
natories. OF course. that with regard to
reservations 1t had been the general
practice that silence was regarded as ac-
certance and acquiescence that there was
that distinction between textual amend
ment which changed the treaty for every
signatory and reservation which
changed II only for the reserving Power.
In that I may be mistaken. however.
The President-There is some differ
ence of opinion among the authorities,
1 am informed. have not had time to
look them up myself soout that. but Il
Is clear to me, that in q treaty which
involves so many slsnatories a series of
reservations. which would ensue, I'M
doubtedly would very much obscure our
confident opinion as to how the treaty
was going to work
Senator Willlams-Mr. President, sup
pose for example that we adopted a
reservation, as the Senator from Massn-
chrsetts calls 1t, and that Germany did
nothing about 1t at all. and afterward
contended that so far as that was con-
cerned IL was new matter. to which she
was never n party, could her position be
justiiably disputed?
The President-\o
Senator Borah-Mr. President with
% - lta
| that / am more interested In the league
than any other feature of this discussion
| in listening to the reading OF your
statement I got the impression that your
view was that the first obligation of
Article X. to wit: The members of the
| league undertake to respect and preserve
as against external aggression the terri
torial integrity and existing political in
dependence OF all members of the
| league" was simply a moral obligation.
The President-Yes. sir, inasmuch as
there is no sanction in the treaty.
Senator Borah-But that would be a
| legal obligation so far as the United
| States was concerned IL II should enter
int II would it not?
The President-I would not interpret
that way, Senator, because there is in
volved the element of judgment as to
| whether the territorial integrity or ex-
| listing political independence is invaded
| or impaired. In other words II Is an
| attitude of comradeship and protection
| among the members OF the league which
in its very nature is moral and not legal
| Senator Borah-If however. the ac-
tua! fact of invasion were beyond dis
pute. then the legal obligation. 1t seems
to mel am simply throwing this out
in order to get full expression OF views
the legal obligation would imme-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20

The Chairman-I had understood, or
| I had heard the report that our general
board OF the Navy Department, our
chief Of operations, had recommended
that we should have a footing there,
primarily in order to secure cable com
municauons.
The PRESIDENT think you are right.
sir.
The Chairman-That we were likely
to be cut off from cable communication,
that is, that the cables were likely to
pass entirely into other hands unless we
had some station there. and II seemed
to me a matter OF such Importance that
wanted to ask the question. Now ]
want TO ask this further question
There was secret treaty between
England and japan in regard to Shan
tung; and in the correspondence with
the British Ambassador at Toxic. when
announcing the acquiescence OF Great
Britain in Japan's having the German
rights In Shantung. the British Ambas-
sador added: at is OF course under
stood that we are to have the islands
south Of the equator and japan to have
the islands north OF the equator" Now
II II should seem necessary for the safety
Of communication for this country that
we should have q cable station there
would that secret treaty interfere with II 7
The President think not sir, In
view of the stipulation that made with
regard to the question OF construction
by this cable convention. That note OF
the British Ambassador was a part OF
the diplomatic correspondence covering
that subject.
The Chairman-That was what I I'M
derstood.
Senator Moses-Was the stipulation
that that should be reserved for the
consideration Of the cable convention q
formally signed protocol?
The President-No. 1t was not a for
mally signed protocol. but we had q pro-
longed and Interesting discussion on the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20

should proceed to appoint their commits
sions, and to act under this treaty.
would not that be a clear acquiescence
In our construction?
The President--Oh, II might be, Sem
ator, but we would not know for good
many months whether they were going
to act in that sense or not. There would
have to be either explicit acquiescence
or the elapsing of long enough time
for us to know whether they were i'm
plicity acquiescing or not.
Senator McCumber-I should suppose
that when the treaty was signed under
present world conditions all nations
would proceed to act Immediately, with
out waiting.
The President--In some matters. yes.
Senator Harding-Mr. President, as
Stunning that your construction of the
withdrawal clause is the understanding
of the. formulating commission, why Is
the language making the proviso for the
fulflment OF covenants put into the
article?
The President--Merely as an argu-
ment to the conscience of the nations.
In other words, 1t is a notice served on
them that their colleagues will expect
that at the time they withdraw they
will have fulfilled their obligations.
Senator Harding-The language hard
ly seems to make that implication, be-
cause It expressly says, provided it has
fulfilled Its obligations"
The President-Yes.
Senator Harding-If It were a matter
for the nation itself to Judge, that is
rather a far fetched provision, is II not?
The President--Well. you are illus
trating my recent remark, Senator, that
the phraseology Is your difficulty. not
the idea. The idea Is undoubtedly what
I have expressed.
Senator Pittman-Mr. President, SEN
ator McCumber has drawn out that it is
your impression that the allied and as
ISOLATED Powers have the same opinion
Of the construction of these so-called
indefinite articles that you have. Is that
construction also known and held by
Germany?
The PRESIDENT have not means OF
knowing.
Senator Pittman-Germany, then. has
not expressed herself to the commission
with regard to these mooted questions
The President-No. we have no ex-
preston from Germany about the league
except the expression of her very strong
desire to be admitted to II.
Senator Pittman-And is Il your
opinion that IL the language of the
treaty were changed in the resolution OF
ratification, the consent OF Germany
would also be essential to a consensus
of opinion between Germany and the
United States?
The President-Oh, undoubtedly.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20
Differ Only ms TO Form.

The President-We differ. Senator.
only as to the form OF action. l think
1t would be a very serious practical mis-
take TO put it in the resolution of ratifi-
cation. but l do hope that We are at lib
erty, contemporaneously with our ac-
ceptance of the treaty, to interpret our
moral obligations under that article.
Senator Pittman--Mr. President, IN
derstand that under the former method.
in your opinion, It would have to go
back to Germany and the other coun-
tries, while under the latter method 1t
would not be required 10 go back for
ratification.
The President-Yes, sir that Is my
judgment.
Senator Knox-Mr. President, Is II not
true that such matters are ordinarily
covered by mere exchange OF notes be-
tween Powers stating that they under
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20

the various secret treaties and
agreements between the nations at
war with Germany until after he
had reached Paris, He knew moth
ing Of these secret treaties at the
time he formulated and expressed
the defunct fourteen points"
The date Of the return Of Shan
tung to China Is left undecided"
but is to be done "as soon as pos
sible."
Acceptance Of a mandate over
any country or colony would force
the United States primarily to de-
fend that country or COLONY.
The President refused to- disclose
how the American delegation voted
when the question OF racial equal
ity was brought up by Japan.
The President also refused to dis
close why he differed from the
recommendation OF the American
financial advisers that the repara-
ton from Germany be fixed at a
definite sum.
The final settlement Of the Shan
tuHB QuCctiOh was a ~ Min 0aoeAf
pointment to the President, but he
insisted that IL was the price OF
Japanese acceptance and entry into
the League Of Nations. fatty dis
agreeing with his Secretary OF
State, Mr.. Lansing. ...,.
While moral obligations only
would rest on the United States
II the Senate ratifies the league
covenant in It's present form. such
obligations to the Presidents mind
are far more binding than legal
obligations would be.
Senator Brandegee (Conn.) DIFF
fered radically from the Presidents
views, and recited at length the
many Senatorial objections to the
peace treaty and the league cove
nant in a running debate with the
President. s..-
The verbatim report OF the conferenc
with only useless repetitions exclude
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20

Senator Harding-To clear my slow
mind. let me take a specific case. Sup
pose the allotted territory which comes
under the control of Italy should in
some way be assailed from the Balkan
States and the council OF the league
should Immediately look upon that az
a threat of war involving other nations
and should say that the nations of the
league should Immediately contribute
an armed force to stop the war or to
bring the attacking nations to terms,
would VIC DC Z perfd!ous people, Il may
use that term, would we violate our
obligations II we failed to participate
in the defence of Italy?
The President-We would be our own
judges as to whether we were obliged
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20
View Held by Commission.

Senator Borah-As I understand, OF
course. you are expressing ther view
which was entertained by the commits
sion which drew the league?
The President am confident that
that was the view. That view was not
formulated. you understand, but am
confident that that was the view.
Senator McCumber-May ask a
question right here? Would there be
any objection. then. to reservation de-
claring that to be the understanding OF
the force OF this section?
The President-Senator. as indicated
at the opening OF our conference. this is
my Judgment about that: Only We can
interpret a moral obligation! The legal
obligation can be enforced by such ma
cilinery as there is to enforce 1t. We
are therefore at liberty TO interpret the
sense III which We undertake & mora
| obligation. What I feel very earne silly
Is that it would be a mistake to en-
body that Interpretation in the resolu-
| ton of ratification. because then 1t would
| be necessary for other governments &c
act upon 1t.
Senator McCumber-If they all un,
derstood at the time that this wai
the understanding and the construction
| that should be given that portion OF the
treaty would 1t be necessary for then
to act on 1t again?
The PRESIDENT think it would, Sen
| atur
Senator McCumber-Could they moi
merely accept 1t by acquiescence?
The President-My experience as q
lawyer was not very long, but that ex'
perience would teach me that the Ian
guage OF a contract is always part Of
the debatable matter. and / can testify
that in our discussions In the commits
sion on the League OF Nations we die
not discuss ideas half as much as we
discussed phraseology
| Senator McCumber-But suppose, Mr.
! President. that we should make a dec
| laration Of that kind which would be ir
entire accordance with your view of thu
understanding of all the nations, and
without saying anything the nations
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20
Character of other Drafts.

The President would have sent them
30 the-committee with pleasure. Senator.
II / had found that had them. / took
II for granted that 1 had them. but the
papers that remain IN my hands remain
there In a haphazard way. / can tell
you the character OF the other drafts.
The British draft was the only one as
remember that was in the form OF a
definite constitution of league. The
French and Italian drafts were in the
FORM of a series of propositions laying
down general rules and assuming that
the commission. or whatever body made
The Anal formulation. would build upon
those principles II they were adopted
They were principles quite consistent
with the final action.
I remember saying to the COMMITTEES
when I was here in March, have for
gotten the expression l used-but 1t was
bomething to the effect that the British
Graft had constituted the basis.
thought afterward that that was mis-
leading, and ! am very glad to tell the
committee Just what I meant.
Some months before The conference
Assembled q plan for the League OF
Nations had been drawn up by a British
committee at the head OF which was Mr.
Phillimore-I believe the Mr. Phillimors
who was known as the authority on In
ternational law. A copy OF that docu.
ment was sent to me. and built upor
that a redraft. I will not now say
whether thought 1t was better or moi
IN Improvement but built on that g
hraft which was quite different, mas.
much as It put defintteness where thers
had been what seemed Indebtedness In
the Phillimore suggestion. Then be.
tween that time and the time OF the for,
nation of the commission on the Leagu,
bf Nations had the advantage OF seeing
D paper by Gen. SHUTS OF South Africa
who seemed to me to have done som,
very clear thinking, particularly witr
regard to what was to be done with the
pieces of the dismembered empires
After got TO Paris, therefore, ] rewrot,
he document to which I have clluded
and you may have noticed that It con.
lists OF a series OF articles and ther
supplementary agreements. II was II
he supplementary agreements that EN-.
bodied the additional ideas that hat
tome TO me not only from Gen. Smuts'l
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20

T is wise policy to take into consideration the pos
siby of reverses during life, and to provide for
the future out of the plenty Of the present.
This can be done by placing cash, securities property
in trust with this Company, the income and the prin-
ciPal to be paid as you direct.
The advantages of such arrangement-known as a
voluntary trust-are many. 1t provides experienced
and efficient administration for the funds or securities
set aside; assures every safeguard for the principal
and the highest interest return consistent with safety
relieves the maker of the trust of personal attention
to the management of the affairs placed in care and
at the time gives him the opportunity to direct
their handling in such manner as may be agreed; and
the trust may be revoked any time if the maker de-
sires to reserve this privilege.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20
Thi. Treaty Delay. Others.

Senator Lodge-Mr. President SO far
hs am personally concerned, and think
represent perhaps the majority of the
committee In that respect, we have no
Thought of entering upon argument as to
interpretations or points of that charac-
ter, but the committee is very DESTROYS OF
getting information on certain points
which seem not clear and on which they
Thought information would be OF value TO
have in consideration of the treaty which
@they, I think may say for myself and
others, desire to hasten In every possible
way. Your reference to the necessity OF
action leads mesto ask one question. II
I'VE have to restore peacs to the world. 1t is
necessary, assume. that there should be
treaties with Austria, Hungary, Turkey
and Bulgaria. Those treaties are all
more or less connected with the treaty
with Germany. The question ! should
aike to ask is, what the prospect Is OF our
receiving those treaties for action.
The PRESIDENT think It is very good
kir, and, SO far as I can Judge from the
contents of the dispatches from my col
leagues on the other side Of the water.
the chief delay Is due to the uncertainty
nc to what is going to happen to this
treaty. This treaty Is a model OF the
others. I saw enough of the others be-
fore / left Paris to know that they are
being framed upon the same set OF prlh-
ciples, and that the treaty with Germany
Is the model think that is the chief
element of delay. sir, .... ..
Senator Lodge-2They- are not regarded
rs essential to the consideration of this
The President9rhey are not regarded
rs such no, sir, they follow this treaty.
Senator Lodge--I do not know about
the other treaties. but the treaty with
Poland. for example. has been completed
The President--Fes, and signed. but 1t
Is dependent on this treaty. My thought
was TO submit IT upon the action on this
treaty.
. Senator LODGE should like. II may,
TO ask a question in regard to the plans
submitted to the commission on the
league of nations, IL that is the right
phrase.
The President-Yes. sir.
Senator Lodge-You were kind enough
10 send US the draft of the American plan.
In February, II L understood you rightly,
when We we're here. J may be Incorrect,
but / understood you to say that there
were other drafts or plans submitted by
Great Britain, by France and by Italy.
Would it be possible for US to see those
bther tentative plans?
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20

What would become ofmy familyif my
earning ability should be seriously i'm
paired? Should l not safeguard them
NOE against such possibility
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20

Guaranty Trust Company Of New York
Capital and Surplus s5ooooooo Resources $Soooooooo
Maw our efee5-Ifo Brad~ay lat Liberty Street,; Fifth
Avenne and 43rd Street; Madison Avenae and Doth Street.
members Of our Trust Department staff sOH Oeoms the opp0r-
tunity discuss ndvdual problems oith
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-08-20

Continued on Eighth Page,
The courier-index., 1919-02-07
NOT IN THE PART

An amusing story is told by Nor man Forbes in regard to the days when he was playing in Sir Henry Irving's company in which was also Tom Mead, we'll known actor of his day and one of the old school. MT. Mead had a very full voice, and his asides were always given as loudly as his utterances. In one of the parts he used to play there came the lines, Sleeping in the orchard, as my GUS tom often was in the afternoon" but he so often said morning" instead of afternoon" that at last Sir Henry took him to task about it.
 Mir Mead was very contrite but at the very next performance this is what the audience heard:
 Sleeping in the orchard, as was my custom always in the morning-I mean in the afternoon. Said it again by heaven T-cAicas9 News,
The courier-index., 1919-02-07
TO RECLAIM WASTE LAND

Memphis, Jan. 1.-Reclamation of what heretofore had been regarded virtually as waste land laong the waterways throughout the Mississippi valley and their adaptibiiity for agri- cultural purposes and the raising of live stock. made up the great sub ject of discussion at the annual con- vention here today of the Southern Alluvial Land Association. which was attended by representatives of the government reclamation service and bankers and land owners from five southern states, Mississippi, Arkansas Louisiana. Missouri and Tennessee.
 Plans for establishing soldier col onies on the lands owned by mem bers of the association were also to be perfected at the meeting.
The courier-index., 1919-02-07

amazed when I told them of Arkan- sas without using fertilizer. After I got through talking the farmers were standing in different parts of the building appealing to the presi- dent MT. President. want to ask him a question: That is the time I kept a cool head and gave them the information desired.
 The Tuskegee Institute, which was founded by the late Booker T. Wash ington N2S years ago, stands as beacon light to the negroes of the south. Seventeen hundred boys and girls from all parts of the country, learning trades, from agriculture to electricity. If the negro of the south had taken hold of the. work when 1t first began, instead of fighting the
The courier-index., 1919-02-07
STORY OF NUMBER 40.

70 years ago and old doctor was putting up a medicine for diseases of the blood. that cured the worst cases of specific blood poison. and time proved that the cures were perma- nent. After many years T secured the prescription (being druggist) !. and took each ingredient separately and referred to my U. s. Dispensa- tory and other authoritative books on medicine and found the medical properties set down as follows: "Em- ployed in diseases of the glancular system. in blood poison, scrofulous constipation. stomach and liver troub- les, chronic rheumatism. catarrh, in sores. ulcers. skin eruptions. mercu- rial and lead poisoning. Under it's use nodes. tumors and scrofulous swellings that have withstood all other treatment disappear as if by magic" To commemorate my forti- eth year as druggist I named this medicine Number 40 For The Blood J. c. Mendenhall. Evansville. Ind.
 Sold by P. R. Turner Drug Co.
The courier-index., 1919-02-07

our bankers, merchants and business men will make you open your eyes.
 cannot tell you all that I did see, but only wish my people os Lee coun- 'ty could see the work carried on by our people. Now to the farmers ana club boys of Lee county, let us rally as never before. Make 1919 the ban ner year for food and feed staffs
 I remain yours as ever for Lee county. and fof all that is good and true. k. Y. BRYANT.
 Agent Negro Work.
The courier-index., 1919-02-07

founder, we would have been much better off
 had the pleasure of hearing a speech delivered by MT. Bradford Knapp of Washington, D. C., chief of the extension work in the south, of which I am going to put in execution in Lee county.
 The prizes awarded the boys and girls by the bankers, merchants and business men were grand. A very prominent looking man in the crowd said. ITO the gentleman from Arkan- sas, I hope you readily see how our white friends of Alabama appreciate the work done by us." l gave him a polite bow and said, "If you want. to see some liberal giving you ought to come to Lee County, Arkansas. and
The courier-index., 1919-02-07
pEiScH IS APPOINTED

Little Rock, Jan. Ex-Governor Brough yesterday appointed Peter A. Deisch of Barton as representative from Phillips county to succeed Jo- seph c. Meyers, resigned. MT. Deisch was a member of the House in 1911. His appointment was made at the request of MT. Myers and many rep, resentative citizens of Phillips coun- ty. including J. M, Hudson, who will serve as a colleague with Mir. Deisch in the Forty-second General Assembly MT. Deisch is a lawyer and a cotton planter
The courier-index., 1919-02-07
ROBERT BRYANT ATTENDS
 CONFERENCE AT TuSkEGEE

To the many. readers of our county
 paper:
 I, as the appointee to the Tuskegee Farmers Conference, which was held on the 22. g and "A inst. in Tus- kegee. Aia.,. can Say it was enthu- siastic and helpful to me as agricuI- tural agent. The many things l saw and heard will be beneficial to my club boys. T will take pleasure and time to impart the same to those that come in contact with The live stock was gepd, the farm products were fine, caa ,truthfully say that Arkansas is Ret ? tit behind, especial ly Lee county. The farmers were
The courier-index., 1919-02-07
NOT FAR FROM WRONG

The bashful bachelor on the fifth floor recently encountered a neigh bor, young mother, and, wishing to be neighborly, asked:
 How is your little girl, Mrs. Jones?"
 My little boy is quite we'll. I thank you. MT. Smith" replied the proud mother "Oh, it's boy!" exclaimed the bachelor in confusion. "I knew it was one or the other,""-Harper''s Magazine.