Evening journal., 1919-01-22

vanced by the Federal government that
is, certified milk. inspected milk. mar
ket milk and fourth grade known as
cooking milk or milk not suitable for
drinking purposes. MIX should not be
sold " loose packages, except the last
variety, and this should only be sold in
cans plsiniy marked with the grade
and preferably have some such con-
spicuous sign as a red lid, as we'll az
the date OF milking, etc.
1.-THE first grade, certified milk. might
be termed Grade A.; the second, in
spected milk, Grade B., and the third
market milk. Grade c.. for ease In lab
cling.
Grades A, B and G. should not be
sold from the same place as cooking
milk; they should be in tightly sealed
bottles on the caps OF which should
be printed In plain letters the classi-
flcation, the fat content and date OF
milking. Grades b and C should be
pastuerized; and that brings me 10 a
much abused device.
"Pastuerization is too important
public health measure 10 leave 10 in
dividual caprice. n -unscientiflcally
the very germs we seek 10 destroy !;
as applied TO milk, IL consists in heat
ing it for short time 10 a temperature
just below the boiling point, followed
by rapid chilling. TO the sanitsrian
pasturizstion has but one object-the
destruction OF bacteria. Excessive num-
bers Of bacteria In milk indicate that
the milk is dirty, old or warm. II is
not the ideal, but only a temporary
expedient, the simplest, cheapest and
least Objectionable method OF render
ing infected milk safe. Pasturization
cannot atone for Nth and should not
be used as a redemption process. The
process should be under official super
vision. The plant should be so con-
structed as TO admit the elevation OF
the milk cans, upon their arrival, 10 a
room protected from dirt and flies, and
at a sufficient distance above the ground
TO permit the milk, when emptied from
the cans, TO flow by direct gravity
through as few pipes as possible, into
the filter, or clarifer. the pastuerizer.
holder, the cooling and the bottling ma
chimes, where pumps or enclosed pipes
are used, In carrying milk they must
be constructed so that every portion. Of
their interior may be accessible for
cleaning. All pipes, pumps, separators.
pastuerizers and bottling machines
should be taken apart each day. and
the surface which comes In contact
with the milk thoroughly cleaned by
washing with cold water, hot water
and washing soda, rinsing in cold water
and then sterilizing. This cleansing
process should also be applied TO milk
cans on and of the farm, and any other
article that comes in contact with milk.
Delivering milk that is not Of proper
temperature should be prohibited, or
delivering at improper hours. In sum-
mer, milk should not be delivered
earlier than o'clock, as 10 is ruin for
il TO sit on our dOOrsteps in the heat,
and penalties for filling unsterile bot
ties left out TO be returned, or other
such flagrant violations Of the law and
common cleanliness, should be so severe
as TO absolutely prevent this custom.
Then, too. general standards OF clean
illness should be fixed, governing the
barns, feeding Of cows, milking. ship
ping and serving. OF course we can't
inspect the farms with a city inspector
this the state will have 10 help us
QOt DuI II We ndu un tltAuuAN llc
OF inspectors, they could refuse 10 al
low impure milk TO cross the city limits,
and as no one. Is going TO raise a pro-
duct for which there Is no market,
think the farmers would automatically
come up 20 our standard. The efficiency
Of any system OF public food inspec-
ton Is greatly enhanced n the busi-
ness part OF the work-boOkkeeping and
attending 10 the outside public-be done
wholly by some person other than the
analyst. The collector Of samples and
the analyst should report independent
" 20 a health officer the results Of their
work. and il should be his duty 10 de
termine what shall be done in case Of
in this way the analyst
knows nothing OF the data Of collec-
tion nor the name OF the person from
whom the sample was obtained, so that
he can truthfully state in court that
his analysis was unbiased
Now it can easily be seen under what |
difficulty Inspector Higgins works, |
since. althourh the secretary Of the |
Board OF Healtn is supposed 10 do the ]
Mr.. Higgins has to collect /
the samples, make the analysis. testl- .
fy 10 his report In court, and keep all /