The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-06-14

SsSsstSs W 1S tt~6tooyNo SafPa-
doeIan Valley In Asia Minor Were
Shaped by ErodIng Action Of Flow
Ing Water Some 1000 Years Before
Christ-Each Succeeding Genera
ton Has Helped Make Dwellings
More HabitabIe.
REPUTATION OF the common belief
that apartment houses are a develop
ment Of modern methods In building
and that the idea of housing 30 to 80
families under one roof was thought
Of first In the nineteenth century, Is
contained In an article on "The Cone
Dwellers of Asia Minor" published In
the National Geographic Magazine.
The late DIR. j. X. Sitlington Starrett,
traveller and explorer, the author OF
the article, presents a history of his
inspection of the land of the Troglo-
dytes whose homes In the ~Cappadocian
valley were shaped by the erod-
Ing action OF flowing water some
1000 years before Christ. and stand
today, "walk-ups" 1t Is true, but never
theless natures own apartment houses.
The ~habitations are cone-shaped.
Pumice stone is the material of which
they are made, and to protect them
from the action of rain nature pro-
vided them with roofs of lava that
was belched from nearby volcanoes.
Compared to those of more modern
civilization, the homes of the cone
dwellers lack much that makes for
comfort. Needless to state, they are
not provided with lighting systems,
running water. elevators. superintend-
ents, dumb-waiters and bellboys. But
In their favor is the fact that no rent
need be paid nor leases signed; no
neighbors' children can disturb n be-
cause the floors are OF thick stone. and
burglars find business Improbable be-
cause once the Troglodytes family
turns In for the night, the 'stairs" is
pulled up after them.
Improve Their Homes.
The present generation of Troglo-
dytes has improved on the dwellings
left them by their ancestors. In fact
each succeeding generation has done
its bit to make the stone houses more
habitable. For instance, Doctor Star
rett explains that In some locations.
where the simple u were the orig
inal dwellings. the Troglodytes have
improved the situation by building fa-
cades Of pumice stone In front Of
them.
Apparently the cones already were
standing when the f~orefathers of the
present Troglodytes entered the Cap
padocian valley. They were solid, how
ever, and considerable work was nee
essary to make apartment houses OF
them.
Primitive tools were used TO cut en-
frances and once the first hole was
made, the workers spread themselves,
30 to speak, and proceeded to enlarge
the space inside. The entrance tun-
nels branched of into rooms; windows
were then cut, and the T~roglodytes
moved In. Everything portable that
was owned by the Troglodyte was car
ried into his apartment and stored
away In the store room.
The mere fact that a zone already
was inhabited, made no difference to q
Troglodyte who liked It's appearance.
II he found a friend living inside, he
burrowed a home under or over that
friends home. In many instances,
Doctor Starrett wrote. cones were
found to be or to have been used by
four or i've families. The entrances
were found level with the ground In
many cases, while on the other hand
there were con dwellings the en-
frances to which were located far
above the surface.
Evidently the Troglodyte Of ancient
times was a long-fingered, strong
toed individual. Small clefts In the
surface Of the cones side were used
In climbing to and from the apart
ments. Many of the Troglodytes of
today, the article explains, use a pole
In entering or leaving the house.
Use Pole for Stairway.
And the modern Troglodyte. using a
long wooden pole as a means Of en-
tering his home, shows little progress
In architecture. None Of his ances-
tors were brought up to the fresh-air
habit. Their sleeping rooms for the
most part were not constructed so
that air might circulate. Examine
ton Of the interior rooms indicates
that the Troglodytes of the pre-Chris-
tian era were content to live In al
most total darkness.
So today their descendants pay lit
tie attention to light and air. Fresh
air and sunlight find their way into
Just one room. That is located at the
entrance. The other rooms are al
ways In inky blackness, unless the oc-
eupants Of the house let's the wind and
rain exert their forces on his walls.
Thus : window may force It's presence
up0n them.