davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27

recently been offered for nonstop
long distance flights from Rome to
Paris. Rome to London and Rome to
Constantnople. The first regular
Italian air service probably will be
one connecting Rome with Sardinia,
the next line from Rome to Naples,
to be projected later to Palermo,
Tunis and Tripoli. Another Italian
route that has at least been marked on
the air charts is from Rome to
Catania, Malta, Tripoli and Bangazi,
where it can hook up with the British
system of Egypt. In the north of
italy Pisa in the international scheme
of things will become an important air
base not only for Italian aviators but
for British and French pilots bound
for the East and crossing the Mediter-
ranean to Pisa from Antilles in
France.
Italian statesmen at the peace con-
ference are concentrating their atten-
ton at the present time on the Adriatic
which is one of the most striking
examples of the unequal distribution
of geographical convenicnces. In some
strange geological manner all the ports
OF the Adriatic were juggled off to
the Dalmatian side and the east coast
of Italy is as bare as mans back
stripped for the scourge. Italy from
her harborless coastIine looks across
the Adriatic to shore broken by
some of the greatest harbors in the
world Dalmatia in the hands of a
rival power Italy considers a threat.
1t will be unless the league of nations
or the airplane minimize the impor-
tance of naval bases. Obviously air
planes in sufficient numbers would
be ample protection against naval
aggression from Dalmatia. And as re
CARDS commerce, the time may come
when Italian airdromes and Italian
commercial airplanes will make up for
her lack of harbors in the Adratic.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27
Horseshoe of
The Air

The British aviators are preparing to
do for Great Britain what British sail
ors did for her hundred years ago.
The airdrome has taken the place of
the naval base in the imperial adven-
ture and the air the place of the seven
seas.
Whether the Britisher is an imperial
ist or not, his geographical position
forces him to think in imperial terms.
And SO it is natural that the airplane
in his imagination is the connecting
link of empire, and that he should talk
of 'the imperial horseshoe of the air"
1t is lop-sided horseshoe, with
Egypt as its base and Cape Colony and
Australia its eXtremites. Around this
great horseshoe will he organized the
air routes which twenty years from
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27
How Britain plans to tie her
empire to the home island

cred the 1900 miles i'll eleven hours
of actual flying. The ordinary postal
service takes six days.
The aeroplane will not only connect
up France and Africa much more
closely. 1t will also bind together the
different sections of Frances colonial
territory in Africa. The Sahara Will
become less formidable obstacle to
Recommendation, French pilots
have been recently engaged in expert
mental flights over parts of the Sahara
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27

1>H is hot SIMPLY question
II of wing-spread and horse
power. Its development is q
vital matter of high politics
And so while American and British avi-
ators are speeding their preparations
for the transatlantic fight, statesmen
of Europe are looking much farther
into the future and charting the great
air routes which will be new links of
empire and bonds of new ententes.
There Is talk to-day in Paris of a
Franco-British syndicate for the joint
exploitation of northern and southern
air routes across the Atlantic. French
Cir pioneers are gathering data which
will bring Morocco as close to Paris as
Bordeaux was before the war Italy's
60 ,.saps keep pace with her Capronis.
British officers are already surveying
East Africa for the location of air
dromes on the Cape to Cairo route.
In 1776 Great Britain lost her most
Saluable colonies because the Atlantic
Ocean made adequate representation of
the colonial interest physically impos-
sible. Since that day cables, steam
ships and the wireless have helped to
overcome the great distances which
separate the overseas dominions from
the British Isles. The airplane and
we'll organized British air routes will
be the greatest step in the consolda-
ton of the far-flung British Empire.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27

tional rules for its control. An air
plane mail service is in operation be-
tween Brussels and Paris. Flights be
tween Paris and London have become
SO frequent that no one pays much
attention to them. Customs and pass
port officials are scratching their
heads over new points in interna-
tional law brought up by the flights
of ambitious aviators who disdain ma
tional boundary posts and drop in on
neighboring countries with the best
of intentions but without the proper
papers to make their visits conform
to the necessary courtesies. For such
and more important reasons of inter
national polity, rules for the naviga-
ton of the air are being formulated
at the peace conference. The Interna-
tional Air Commission, which has been
given official status at the conference,
has already laid down the guiding
principles for the aerial terms of the
peace treaty. subcommittee OF the
international Aerial Commission are
working out the details of the military.
legal, commercial and technical as.
poets of the problems of the air.
The most important decision taken
by the Air Commission was the recog-
milton of full and absolute sovereignty
and jurisdiction by each state of the
air above its territory and territorial
waters" In 1910 an aerial conference
at Paris disagreed on this principle,
certain of the representatives insisting
that nations sovereignty over the air
above it should extend only to limited
height and that above that height the
air should be free. The war has
brought about unanimity on the ques-
ton. In time of war any such lmita-
ton of a nations sovereignty in the
air would enable belligerent forces to
cross neutral territory without a neu-
trail government having any recourse
against it. Even in time OF peace the
increase of air traffic and the need for
its careful control is recognized as
sufficient justification for the safe
guarding of nations rights in all the
air above it.
With each nations sovereignty as
sured, the Aerial Commission at the
peace conference has gone on to he
establishment of the principles of in-
ternational cooperation. 1t has agreed
upon the following principles;
/. Recognition of the greatest pos
sible freedom of aerial navigation a.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27

far as that freedom of navigation
reconcilable with the principle of =,
sovereignty Of each state in tho Wv w
above its territory with the secur;+.. "'s
the state affected and in conforr:. "
with d strict enforcement of safa.
regulations. '@'s'y
p Regulation under opiiea.orr
mits for pilots and other aeronsr9's, Ss,
personnel to be mutually recognizos "a
the signatory states W
8. The establishment Of ,a+.
tional air rules, including sirnaI
lights, methods Of avoiding cOlljS;aas
and regulations for landing 0''''S
4. The recognition of the sD..,.,
treatment of army, navy and stata
planes when on duty for the stata ,S's aas
not applying to tate-ownsd com N
mercial planes.
8. Recognition Of the right to r+u;.
all public aerodromes in other sts.as
under charge to be equal to 49,
planes of all nations. including tbs
home nation '''
6. Recognition of the right Of erase.
ing one country to 20 into anotbar
with the privilege of landing. bur nn
der the reservation Of the right If 49,
state crossed to apply its local ruls.
and if necessary TO force the lanainr
Of the visiting planes on signal.
7. Recognition of the princiols 90
mutual indemnity TO cover damages -
persons or property due to aircraft tba
state of the offending plane to MAKE
reparation and then to recoup itself n
any way it sees fit.
g. Recognition Of the nccessitv .. .
permanent international aeronautic.I
commission in order to keep the d.
velopment of the legal side of avistio.
abreast of the development Of the
science itself
9. Recognition Of the obligation os
each state to regulate its internal ler-
islation along the lines of the clauses
OF the international agreement.
These principles viii be the sign
posts of great era of internationalizs-
ton, in which the aeroDane is to play
major part. The hearty spirit of CO.
operation among the air experts at
the present time augurs we'll Tor the
day when American. British, French
and Italian ships OF the air will be
passing port and atarhoard. on the
great international routes Of the alr.
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27

air routes between London and Cairo.
French pilots need not fly over foreign
territory to Aleiers or Morocco A
long flight across the Mediterranean
or skirting the west coast of Spain is
a possibility. But a glance at the map
is sufficient to show that Spanish ter
ritory is the logical corridor from
France to Africa. 1t was over Spain
that a trip was recently made from
Toulouse to Casablanca by Lieutenant
lemaitre and NJ. Letercoere, who COW
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27
Toward the
International

Enough has been SAID to show that
none of the three great powers of
Western Europe can be sufficient unto
itself in the navigation of the air.
The alrplane probably win be d
greater influence toward internatiou-
alization than the covenant of the
league of nations The great need to-
day in the development of aviation is
international cooperation and intefna
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27
Egypt the
Nerve Centre

The Suez Canal has been the jugular
vein of the British Empire. Egypt
will be the nerve centre of it's aerial
organism. For Egypt is destined to
be the great mobilization point of
hritains air forces and the base to
which air squadrons can be drawn
from either side of the great semi
circle and concentrated for service
wherever the need arises,
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27

in the search for the best routes and
landing places which will be the links
in communication between Morocco and
the Ivory Coast, and which will make
less difficult the. supervision of a ter
ritory that is as big as all Europe out
side Of Russia.
But French plans 50 further than
Africa. One argument that is put for
ward for a Franco-British syndicate
and an aerial entente is that the way
from London to South America leads
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27
Air Roads
To Rome

To the Italian all roads lead to
Rome, whether on land and sea or in
the air. And Italy is close on the
heels of Great Britain and France in
her flying Developments, Frizes have
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27

across France in Europe and France IN
Africa and thence from Rabat to Per-
namhuco,
New-York tribune., 1919-04-27
By Alfred Nj. Brace
PARIS, April Ii

'LYING is not simply question
II of wing-spread and horse
power. Its development is a
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1919-11-15

pensioners comprise fine body
Of substantial Valley folks Rev.
Mr. Link Is a brother Of Mrs, G. J.
Iiough, of Rosemont, and has prea-
ched 1T St. Johns Lutheran Church.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1919-11-15

/. y. VanMetre, Jersey, 42.0
Mcdonald Bros, Jersey, AT.
!. G. DeBaugh, Jersey f0.9.
Holland Sperow, Jersey, d04.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1919-11-15

Mr.. George W. Miller, Of Opequon
district, is visitor today in the
city.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1919-11-15

Read the Martinsburg Journal
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1919-11-15

rELEpAaNE -.uM.Ees
NIX Won ScHLCGGLL
EDITOR and Publisher

sATuRoAA Eo.ENa $3.50
Newark post., 1919-09-24
Shoes Not to be More Expen-
sive Says Senator Ball

Cheaper shoes at any rate not.
more expensive ones, will result
from the senate inquiry into prof
teerlng in footwear, Senator Ball,
chairman Of the subcommittee in
vestigating the subject, said recent
ly. The Senator said he was quite
sure certain INSCRIPTIONS dealers
had arranged to force prices up un-
til men would begin to consider the
propriety of going barefooted, but
in view Of the sentiment against
such constituencies profiteering they
had desisted.
81 know in Washington some
dealers had talked quite loudly
about their plans to charge $25
and $50 for a pair Of Shoes said
Senator Ball. "Rut this inquiry
has brought so much truth to light
that they seem to have been halted
in their purpose. In the main,
shoedealers are honest like other
folks; but some who appear to
dominate the trade have had it in
their power to force prices upward
Newark post., 1919-09-24

had reported through the students
observatory at Berkeley computa-
tions which indicated that the first
Metcalf comet was identical with
that discovered by Brorsen. If
this is correct, Prof S. l. Baily, act
ing director Of the Harvard OBJ
servatory, says it will make Bror-
sen s and Halley's comets the only
ones known to have made a return
visit. Brorsen comet had been
expected to be again visible in
1922. Its orbit may have been
miscalculated when its period was
given as 70 years, or it may have
been DETECTED by uneven attrac-
tions of the sun.
Newark post., 1919-09-24
Roosevelt Memorial De-
fnitely Planned

The Theodore Roosevelt Memor-
ial Park at Oyster Bay Is now deh-
nitelv assured. 1t intimately Will
include the Roosevelt home on Sag
.amore Hill, which will be preserved
after the manner Of Washington S
home at Mount Vernon and Lln-
coins home at Springfield, Ill.
Plans for a Roosevelt arch or monu-
ment at Washington are still under
consideration by the National Roo
sevelt Memorial committee.
The foregoing was announced py
Col. William Boyce Thompson,
chairman of the national committee,
at an organization meeting IN the
Waldorf Astoria. About sixty del
ecates from New York, Delaware
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Con
necticut, Maryland, Virginia, West
VIRGINIA and the District OF Co
Inmbia which constitute the NORTH
Atlantic zone Of the Roosevelt Me-
mortal Association, were present
Ninety per cent of the delegates nae
been personal friends of Col. Roose
welt.
Newark post., 1919-09-24
Prompt and Personal Attention
PICTURE FRAMING
LEGAL NOTICE
Estate of Victor Didier, deceased:


Notice is hereby given that Let
ters Testamentary upon the Estate
of Victor Didier, late of White
CLAW Creek Hundred, deceased,
were duly granted unto Freda G'
Didier on the Tenth day OF July
A. D. 1919, and all persons indebt-
ed to the said deceased are re-
ouested to make payment to the
Executrix without delay. and all
nersons having demands against
the deceased are required to eX-
hibit and present the same duly
nrobated to the said Executrlx on
or before the Tenth day OF July
A. D. 1920, or abide by the law
in this behalf.
Address
Charles B. Evans,
Attorney at Law,
Ford Building,
Wilmington, Delaware:
FREDA G. D1DlER'
Executrix.
Newark post., 1919-09-24

and 50 far upward that some per-
sons have seriously thought of dis
pensing with shoes, especially in
the summer time. y
The Senator said if shoe prices
fall in Washington it is altogether
likely that the rest Of the country
will follow, and that footwear
everywhere will become cheaper.
Investigation has disclosed that
since the committee began to enter
the probe, food prices notably, beef
and mutton, have fallen appreci-
ably.
Newark post., 1919-09-24
Brorsen's Comet Beats
All Calculations

The probability that Brorsen s
comet, discovered in 1S47, has come
into the range of observation three
years before it was again due has
developed in connection with OBJ
servations Of the first Of two comets
recently reported from South Hero,
VT, by the Rev. Joel H. Metcalf.
The Harvard College observatory
announced that Prof. Jeffers and
Miss Heger, California astronomers,
Newark post., 1919-09-24
"Another Bubble Bursts"

The new School Code is constitu-
tional
That has been decided, by unan-
imous vote, by the judiciary of
boys and girls Of our State has
burst.
Those who have been seeking to
destroy the code and its benefcent
influence now must abandon the
tight or base it upon other ground
than that of the unconstitutionality
IIof this educational magma charta of
Delaware.
When the foes Of the School Code
assailed its constitutionality, Gov
ernor Townsend asked the judges
OF the State to give him an opinion
covering the matter. They called
a meeting, heard argument from all
sides and yesterday united in ad-
vising the Governor that the act is
constitutional.
Those who joined in that opinion
were Chief Justice Pennewill,
Chancellor Curtis and Associate
Judges Heisel, Rice, Boyce and
Conrad.
In quick and most decisive way.
those men shattered the bubble that
had been blown so large and so thin
by the School Codes enemies.
As the situation stands now the
Legislature has passed the law the
judges have united in upholding
its constitutionality and Governor
Townsend has refused to call a
special session Of the Legislature
in order that the foes of twentieth
century educational advantages for
the children Of Delaware may prose.
cute fight for repeal Of the
measure.
Friends of the Code only ask fol
it fair try-out. OF that it seem.
ingly now is assured.
If it develops imperfections, they
will be remedied by future legisla
ton.
Meanwhile, wouldn't it be wei
for those who have been blowing
anti-School Code bubbles to indulge
in work Of a nature that will be OF
real service to the boys and the
girls of Delaware and of less servic,
to certain politicians who have
rather dull axes which they desire
to have ground at the children
feXpense?
Let them try it, anyway! 1t vii
be for them healthful diversion.
Wilmington Eevening Journal
Newark post., 1919-09-24
FOR SALE
TWO MODERN DWELLINGS

OH Delaware Ave-, Newark
No. 1---Seven rooms with baht,
steam heated, slate roof, Lot 80
by 200. This house is better
built than the average.
No. 2---Six rooms and bath, hot
air furnace. Lot As by 200, also
lot in rear so by 200.
These properties should not be over
looked by any person looking for a COM
Portable home.
Farmers Trust Company
Newark, Del.
Newark post., 1919-09-24

Unless you are sick or an idiot,
the matter Of whether You are gett-
ing along pretty well probably de-
pends upon the matter of whether
you are dominated by the "cant s
and "won 'ts'' or by the "cans'
and wills"
The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser., 1919-02-28
Exports for 1918 Reached
Over Six Billion Dollars,
Double Value of Imports

American exports during the year
1918 amounted to $6,150O00,000, or
SS3, 100000 below the total for the pre-
ceding year, and more than double the
value of imports. The import total was
S3,O31, 100000, compared with $685.
100000 in 1917.
Heavy exports in December brought
the total well beyond early estimates.
During December, the first full month
after the signing of the armistice, ex-
ports reached a total of $566, 100000,
an increase over the $522, 100000 re-
ported for November, although not up
to the high mark of $600,000,000 for
December, 1917.
Exports for December were low, be-
ing $211, 100000 against s251 100000
for November, and $2SS, 100000 for De-
cember of the previous year.
Imports as well as exports of gold
continued to decrease, the imports
amounting to S62,OO0,OO0 in 1918.
against 1922, 100000 in 1917, and the
exports to $41 100000 and $371 100000
in the same year.
Imports of silver increased from
$53,0O0,0O0 in the calendar year 1917
to ST. 100000 in 1913. The exports of
silver during December, 1918, amount
ed to $58000,O00, a larger amount than
in any month during the last three
years. For the calendar year exports
of silver amounted to $253,000,0O0 in
1913, against $S4,OOO,OOO in 1917.
The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser., 1919-02-28

The endless ingenuity of the design
e-s of apparel, keeps alive and alert
our interest In the styles. Even the
becomingness and the ele,ance of the
tunic would not have saved it from
becoming tiresome, if it were not that
it is always reappearing with some
lately discovered novel development
It is this spice of cleverness which
we admire-and sometimes, envy-in
the woman who Is able to buy it in
her clothes.
Here is a new afternoon frock which
might be of silk jersey, or tricolet or
crepe de chine, or any other clingy
fabric, which has joined to q long,
straight blouse the beloved tunic, by
the simple means of hemstitching
them together. Thus we have the new
and youthful long waist in company
with the much admired tunic. And
there is a folded girdle about the
blouse to vary the straight up-and-
down line which it breaks. There Is
q wide shawl collar, high at the back,
that appears to do wonders as a
neck finish, which opens over the
blouse and discovers q wholly uneX'
pected diagonal line across the front
This is outlined with a band of or
ndmental braiding that is extended to
the hemstitching.
The deep and ample cuffs with q
row of small ball buttons set close to-
gether on them, merit special praise
The underskirt is plain, moderated.
The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser., 1919-02-28
700, QUO Men of Draft Age in
the United States Who Cannot
Read or Write Any Language

The war revealed an extent of il
literacy in America almost unbeliev-
able, notes a writer in Leslie's. Sec
rotary of the Interior Lane points out
that there are 100000 men of draft
age in the United States who cannot
read or write in English or in any
other language. There are 5,5OO,OOO
persons over ten years of age who can
not read or write in any language. The
regular army never enlisted illiterates,
but the draft act brought into the
army approximately $4,000 illiterates
and as many more who were almost
illiterate. These soldiers could not
| sign their names. They could not read
the manual of arms. They could not
| read their letters or write home. They
| could not read their daily orders post
ed on bulletin boards in camp. They
could not understand signals in time
| of battle. The economic loss through
| illiteracy is estimated at $S25, 600, 900
| a year, on the conservative assumption
| that the productive labor value of an
| ilIiterate is less by only so cents day
| than that of an educated person. Ten
per cent of our country folk cannot
read or write word. In view of
these facts, Secretary lane urges an
appropriation for a systematic cam
| paign to eradicate adult illiteracy.
The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser., 1919-02-28
Size Of Poland
Ranks a. Fifth European Nation

Notwithstanding the fact that in the
war nearly 100000 Polish-speaking
soldiers were forced into fratricidal
combat, driven into battle by German
and Austrian and Russian conscrip-
tions, to fight their cousins and broth
ers, many persons seem to believe
Poland a small nation, writes Freder-
ick Moore in Worlds Work. They for
get the magnitude of it's historic do
main and the numbers of it's people.
The kingdom of Boleslaus the Great
(992-1025) stretched from the Baltic
sea to the Carpathians. It included
part of Saxony, the whole Of Silesia,
and stretched away almost to Berlin.
In 1772, when came the first dismem-
berment, Poland covered 700 square
miles, almost 100000 miles more than
the German empire of today. It's pop
ulation was 11,5OO,0OO. 1t ranks, in
deed with Italy as the fifth European
nation. Before the outbreak of the
war there was a compact mass of 35,-
100000 people in Europe speaking the
Polish language; and whatever ruler
might claim dominion over them, they
were one: no mutilation of the nation
al body, no cruelties or expressions,