davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
rooted The so-called conservative too often
accepts this as premise; he defends something

rooted The so-called conservative too often
accepts this as premise; he defends something
he cannot justify because In place OF 1T worse
thing is proposed He is always on the defen-
sive and sometimes apprehensively 80.
Now this is both foolish and unnecessary.
The thinker who defends the static conditions
of law order, morality, organization. co-opera-
ton, public sentiment crystalized into group
and representative action, has the argument
which history record furnishes. He can point
to the immense accomplishments made by men
working under the conditions of life he sup
ports. He can find as many evils banished as
left unbanished; he can show that the machln-
cry by which society has rid itself of inhumani-
ties is still sound and in running order. He
need not dodge the radical statements OF fact
as to evils yet to be righted. He need not APP
pear as afraid of changes because they may
involve new arrangement in the relations OF
men, He can truthfully declare that such
changes as are needed to satisfy just wants can
be made by the same means that has accomplish
ed the vast good to men in the past. Because
law and ordered methods have not completed
their task of righting wrongs, 1T is silly to con-
denim them in face of the great good they have
ACCOMPLISHED The burden Of proof is on the
radical Where his gospel of anarchic expert
ments is tried, results are disastrous. The evil
dence is all with the supporter of an ordered
world; not evidence that injustice, inequality,
oppression are not to be dealt with, but that So
ciety and its organization has the power, when
directed by public conscience and public will, to
deal with them.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
Present fears are less than horrible imagin-
Shakespeare.
THAT SECRET" TREATY.

It is stated that unusual steps are being TAX
en- to guard the text of the F'ranco-Amer1can de
fensive treaty which the president submitted to
the senate last Tuesday, and these precautions
will continue, according to Secretary Sanderson,
Of the senate until it has been deposited in the
state department Senate officials have declined
to send the treaty to the government printing
office so that printed copies could be made, but
had typewriter copy made inside a barred
inclosure.
Another precaution is the depositing of the
French treaty in big vault in the office OF the
disbursing officer of the senate, which is not
only fire but also burglar proof. Ordinarily
copies of all treaties transmitted to the senate
and other pending executive business, are kept
in freproof safe in the executive clerks of
fee
Why all this secrecy and efforts at conceal
ment9 The separate treaty has been published
in England; that ii has not been given publicity
ir this country may be due to the activity OF
censorship which, despite official denials, is &C
lively on the job Of preventing that which we
should know from reaching u.s. In order that
the readers of The Gate City may no longer re-
main in the dark as to the provisions of this
secret document, it is printed elsewhere on
this pags today.
According to Harveys Weekly, the Franco
British treaty is substantially identical with
that one locked up in the big vault of the dis
,bursng officer of the senate, with the exception
that, instead Of being q bound to come immedi-
ately'' to the assistance of France, like the
United States, she merely "agrees to come i'm
mediately" Great Britain exempts all of her
dominions from any obligation ''unless it is ap-
proved by the parliament of the dominion con-
cerned,' and makes it a condition of her agree
met ''that a similar obligation is entered into
by the United States Of America" whereas the
Franco American treaty contains no such pro
yiso as to the participation of Great Britain
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
WHY NOT voTE7 /.

Kansas City Star: Senator Gore
has thought it over and decided
that there ought to be referendum
vote on the question of declaring
war. But why stop there? Why
not let the people vote on the de-
sign, displacement, armament and
speed of battleships? Why not let
them vote on the caliber and range
OF field and coast defense artillery?
There are some disagreem ents among
experts in the late war over types
of machine guns. Let 1t be settled
by popular vote.
When these matters are disposed
of we can turn to the personnel Of
the army and navy. Undoubtedly
generals and admirals ought to be
elected by the people. Some of the
highest officers In both branches
Of the service were given their
present positions without having to
make single speech on the hust-
ings. Such a condition is a reproach
to democracy.
Some objection has been made
that while we were voting on tie
question of going to war the enemy
might arrive and kick the ballot
boxes over. Then we couldn't count
the votes and wouldn't know whether
to offer resistance or not. But no
gentlemanly enemy would take such
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01

Whereas the United States OF
America and the French republic are
equally animated by the desire to
maintain the peace of the world so
happily restored by the treaty of
peace signed at Versailles the twenty
eighth day of June, 1919. putting an
end to the war begun by the agrees
sion Of the German empire and ended
by the defeat of that power; and,
Whereas the United States OF
America and the French republic are
fully persuaded that an unprovoked
movement of aggression by Germany
against France would not only viO-
late both the letter and the spirit OF
the treaty OF Versailles to which the
United States of America and the
French republic are parties, thus ex-
posing France anew to the intoler-
able burdens of an unprovoked war,
but that such aggression on the part
Of Germany would be and Is SO re-
garded by the treaty of Versailles as
hostile act against all the powers
signatory to that treaty and as call
culated to disturb the peace of the
world by involving inevitably and di.
rectly the states of Europe and in
directly, as experience has amply and
unfortunately demonstrated, the world
at large; and
Whereas the United States of
America and the French republic
fear that the stipulations relating to
the left bank of the Rhine contained
in the said treaty of Versailles may
not at first provide adequate security
and protection to France, on the one
hand, and the United States of
America, as one of the signatories OF
the treaty of Versailles. on the
other;
Therefore, the United States Of
America and the French republic
having decided to conclude treaty
to effect these necessary purposes,
Woodrow Wilson, president of the
United States of America. and Robert
Lansing, secretary of state of the
United States, specially authorized
thereto by the president of the
United States, and Georges Clemen-
ceau, president of the council, min
lister of war, and Stephen Pichon,
minister of foreign affairs, specially
authorized thereto by Raymond Poin-
care, president of the French re-
public, have agreed upon the follow
ing articles:
Article I.
In case the following stipulations
relating to the left bank of the
Rhine contained in the treaty Of
peace with Germany signed at Yer
sailles the twentye-ighth day of
June, 1919, by the British empire, the
French republic, and the United
States of America among other pow
ers:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
HANDWRITING REFORMS.

Springfield, Mass, Republican:
Those who recall the beginnings OF
the movement for vertical writing
will be interested in the much more
radical reform reported from Eng
land. where the schools are replacing
cursive script with what Is called
block print. This innovation was
made in the grammar schools and
high schools some years ago, and
was then commented upon as an in
teresting experiment. That 1t has
proved successful is to be inferred
from the decision to Introduce it into
the free schools.
Print in place OF running hand
may not seem specially practical.
but probably ono element in the de-
cision was the belief that typewritfng
tends to reduce the Importance Of
speed in handwriting. It tends. more
over, to create standard of legi-
bil;ty by which average handwriting
is found wanting. A first-rate flow
ing hand is wonderful thing, and
it's legibility Is not impaired by a
considerable speed But to attain
this skill natural talent is necessary,
and it is complained that the writing
dNAuilC IA 6Ciiooi IcAlOo " oC6ChCi-
ate into on illegib1e scrawl.
The theory of the British reform
ers appears to be that in a small
part of the time required to master
a good rapid hand the pupil can
learn to use the typewriter. and that
in the future 1t will be more i'm
portant for handwriting to be legible
than for it to be swift. A print hand
is not SO slow, to be sure, as is COM
monty supposed, and 1t has always
had much vogue among authors and
literary people because of It's com
pactness and legibility. How admir-
able It is for correspondence may be
seen, for example, in the letters of
Thackeray reproduced in facsimile.
The truth Is that much of the time
saved by rapid writing has been lost
at the other end; it takes longer to
decipher scrawl than to write a
decently plain hand. Insofar as the
British reform stresses legibility 1t
is wholly to be commended; the type
writer leaves no excuse for imposing
on readers the task OF puzzling out
vague, cloudy symbols
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
Japan's Rioht "a s,.,


Chicago Herald-Examme,.
Sh:ntung mystery is explained
the despatch from Washineton
purports to tell what the nj
.old a group Of senators: II
He was said to have told N
tors that the treaty did nj
Japan any political rights N
tung and in Kiao-C hau, but al
nomic rights which would tai
ir sixty or seventy years"
Only economic rights q,
power to take the fat or M
the treasures of mine ana 4
profits in transport, the COR
the things wherewith the "
Shantung are clothed. 70
served!
In other words, taxation
representation, the bench
sovereignty without its res !
ties. I
Woodrow Wilson is far tod
gent not to know that
rights mean little when thd
with economic rights. The
is always with economic cont
his case so desperate that thJ
best defense he can offer?
But why "rights?"
Does the thief have .
rights in the property he ST
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
FRANCO-AMERICAN TREATY

Article AZ. Germany is forbid
den to maintain or construct any
Notifications either on the left
bank of the Rhine or on the
right bank to the west Of line
drawn so kilom. to the east Of
the Rhine.
Article 40. In the area defined
above the maintenance and as
sembly Of armed forces, either
permanently or temporarily, and
military maneuvres of any Kind,
as well as the upkeep of all per
manent works for mobilization.
are in the same way forbidden.
Article "A. In case Germany
violates in any manner whatever
the provisions of Articles AZ and
43, she shall be regarded as COM
hitting a hostile act against the
powers signatory OF the present
treaty and as calculated to dis
turb the peace OF the world.
may not at first provide adequate
security and protection to France,
the United States Of America shall
be bound to come Immediately to
her assistance in the event of any
movement of aggression
against her being made by Germany
Article 2.
The present treaty, in similar
terms with the treaty OF even date
for the same purpose concluded be
tween the French republic and Great
Britain, a copy Of which treaty Is an.
nexed hereto, will come into force
when the latter is ratified.
Article 8.
The present treaty must be sub
mitted to the council OF the league
OF nations and must be recognized
by the council. acting if need be by
a majority, as an engagement which
is consistent with the covenant OF
the league; 1t will continue in force
until on the application of one OF
the parties to 1t the council, acting
IL need be by a majority, agrees
that the league itself affords suffi-
cient protection.
Article 4.
The present treaty will be subs
mitted to the senate of the United
States at the same time as the
treaty Of Versailles is submitted TO
the senate for its advice and consent
to ratification. 1t will be submitted
before ratification to the French
chamber OF deputies for approval.
The ratification thereof will be ex-
changed on the deposit of ratifica.
ton OF the treaty OF Versailles at
Paris or as soon thereafter as shall
be possible.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
WHY NOT a BUSINESS MAN,

st. Paul Pioneer Press: There Is
something to think about In para
graph from the middle of novel in
a current magazine. The story is tn
consequential and the magazine Is
negligible. 1t Was at dinner party
and then
The conversation was general end
interesting. passing from one to an
other subject Of topical interest with
fair amount Of national politics. which
embraced an argument that the next
president should be neither learned
professor, nor diplomat, nor soldier,
nor even financier, but an experienced
business man whose talents should
achieve as nearly as possible the solid
reconstruction of trade.
An argument indeed and thought
worth entertaining! Why not COM
petent, trained, experienced business
man for president? We have never
had such commodity in the white
house. Outside OF the military and
the learned professions-mainly law
yers-what vocations and walks of life
have been represented In the presi-
dency? Roosevelt was the nearest ap-
proach in the last sixty years. to the
man of affairs. With the further ex.
ceptions Of Grant the soldier and Will
son the schoolmaster, every presi.
dent of that period was lawyer. In
the history Of the country we have
had not one president in trained and
talented man of business pure and
simple.
The war taught us the value OF bust
ness training. The men outside of the
actual military ranks VINO won the war
by organizing the resources OF the
country, volunteering the service
which money could not have bought,
were competent business men, cap
tains OF industry and managers OF
Why not such man
for the headship Of the business OF
running the government Of the United
States?
1t will be agreed that nothing is OF
Importance equal to the smooth run
ming and prosperity CT the business
affairs Of the country. The happiness
and well being of the people are Deepen
dent upon the unhampered flow OF
the streams OF trade and commerce.
the exact meshing of the cogs OF the
wheels of industry. Has this any con.
nection with tie character of the man
we select for president? 1t it has,
then there is something to think about
in the dinner party argument in favor
of selecting for the next president an
experienced business man whose tai
ents should achieve as nearly as pos.
sible the solid reconstruction OF
trade"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
THE MEANS TO AN END.

There is much calling of the present time Of
conflict between radicalism and conservatism.
The lines are loosely drawn and in each of these
classes there are differences of degree as i'm
portant as the classes themselves But in gen
eral the radicals adhere to the proposition that
evils in society, industry and politics cry out for
remedy and that, since the old order has not
brought remedies to correct these evils, it must
be wholly wrong and must be uprooted or so
materially changed that the foundations are up
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
ORIGIN Of Punctuation.

Punctuation marks were I'll
ployed by Aristophanes, the
Greek dramatist, who lived Cd
before Christ. The system dew
him did not become generally
and soon fell into complete d
It was nearly 1000 years befd
one made similar attempt.
time Of Charles the Great two
grlished scholars, Alcuin and
frid, again introduced pund
marks. but their signs also Il
disuse. The present system Of
tuation, as used in all model
guages with insignificant var
was introduced in the first half
sixteenth century by the V,
printer, Aldus Manutius. He
real father OF the punctuation
the period, comma, colon,
colon, exclamation and intern
marks, apostrophe and invertd
mas. Printers generally adopt
system, which finally became
lished throughout the contin,
Europe.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
WHAT IS AHEAD OF Us7

Minneapolis Journal: A New York
shoe manufacturer says that 1920
Twill see wooden shoes a-plenty clat'
tering along the sidewalks OF Broad
way and Fifth avenue.
! The high price Level Is here to
stay, unless higher ievel presents
itself. Business will have to be done
and living conducted m conformity
with the higher standards.
No one is to blame. Not in this
country, anyhow, and NOT recently in
Europe. The real culprit is Germany.
All the world pays for war. All the
world feels shortage OF supplies.
Taken by and large. all the world
prospers or suffers together.
Whenever. you are disposed TO Feel
sentimental about. the kaiser or the
Isufferings Of his people, just remind
yourself that high cost OF living here,
Ideprivations here, the difficulties for
you and your children are due 10
William II and his devastating
armies.
We shall be casting about for VII.
Ilains amongst ourselves. The Chi
cago packers are the guilty ones
right at this moment. There will be
somebody else tomorrow or lsxt
month. In our Irritation we bla,7e
1t on the most prominent sinner and
clamor to have him regulated or sup
pressed. But there are cunning
rogues and INSCRIPTIONS proflteers
who have operated or are operating
to our disadvantage. Them we have
always in one guise or another with
tus. They are pestilential and haras-
sing.
But their regulation, suppression,
elimination, conversion by grace OF
heaven, howsoever merited or to be
prayed for, would not do much. 1t
might help our temper and keep US
reduce taxes or prices appreciably.
wouldn't create abundance or
Heather out of which to cut cheap
shoes, cause Brazil to loosen up on
coffee, or increase the run OF hogs
to put more bacon on the market.
However desirable some reforms
by legislation are, neither we nor the
world are going to improve things
and produced what is lacking in i'm.
what unanimity and devotion we
Inlay, IL Will DC d tcIIu VI yedTS Dc
fore the world can catch up.
The term will be heightened by
delays and chickering's. The way OF
the British coal miner rs no way at
| all. 1t may block British industry.
but it cannot get the miners them
selves anything. Nor can nationwide
strikes and industrial sullenness
here. There are vast deficiencies to
= 4
make them up. And until production
/ has done SO, we shall not see much
relief or easing. Hard work con-
fronts the world after the orgy OF
war. And neither politics nor revo.
luton can avoid for us the ordeal
of steady labor decreed by circum.
stances. And steady employment is
what the world needs now. The
! French workingmen have given up
their proposed national strike, be.
cause they see this.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
TODAY'S BIT OF VERSE
PQPLARS.

POPLARS.
They are net as the other trees:
Apart aloof, austere,
Mute of thousand mysteries,
They guard the crescent year;
Only a watt of fleeing breath
Makes answer to the rain
few brief words the poplar saith,
And then is still again.
When oak and elm on sultry ewes
browse in fulfilled sloth,
When hazels hardly lift their leaves
Out of the underground.
The poplars murmur each to each,
Bending tall brow to brow;
In what remote, immortal speech
Are they conyersing now?
In some ethereal, thin Gulf-stream
Of influence most sweet,
Some immemorial drift of dream
That trends about their feet,
The popIars stand; and yet. who knows?
II one should listen well,
Some careless whisper might disclose
The secret poplar spell.
May Byron
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
Voice Of the PEG

1.-THE Gate City does not
responsibility for views exprf
correspondents. Writers OF q
cations must furnish their
not necessarily for publicatii
for the information OF the el
In Defense Of Or. Mase
To the Editor Of The Gate =
The Rev. DR.. Mason VINO az
the union meeting at Hamfl
Sunday evening in favor
league OF nations, received
unjust and unfounded criu
the article in your paper
July %.
In the first place, he a1nq
week previous in the churq
also in the local newspaper
would treat the subject 4
viewpoint Of the christian.
to vehemently attacking all
who did not agree with himE
port which is untrue, for NJ
stated that to oppose ths
was not a sign OF being
brains, and to favor It va
symptom OF foolishness. Y
AS to the idea suggested T
desecrated the pulpit, it Is 4
for are not the greatest
preached in the American r.
day, resounding with the
we must get together and fd
league to stop war; e.
DR.. Mason's emphatic poll
relative to the great challen
now confronts the church
would carry out the mfssioe
Lord and Master, Jesus Chr
The nature and charactef
address were corroborated n
people at large because
strong appeal to the church
their power to usher in theW
the Prince Of Peace.
1t Is high time in our 81
sta tus of civilization that "
the dividing barriers Of a e.
ago, and on the basis OF
that the war has been won
democracy, we go forth unite
great campaign Of Prev
similar world cataclysm
which we have Just passed
Hamilton. ILL.,, July 81. II
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
Designs on Davy Jones,

The Nations Business:
from the sea may soon supply
for enticing stories: for it is
time since the ocean held so
treasure to attract people of ar
turous turn.
At about the time in May W
navy department turned salvin
lions on our coasts back to
companies, a new company i
land was preparing to seek
am ong wrecks along the r
coasts Of Russia. As a matter
it did not need to go so far a.
cept to seek richer areas. All
British coasts themselves is d
ing field, even though the al
recovered a value Of $500, 0O0,l
ing the war.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01
Kennedy Not a Candida

Fairfield Ledger: In a ID
ceived from Congressman Chi
Kennedy by the Ledger. NJ
nedy announces that he WIFI
a candidate for reelection. n
nedy's health has not been
best in recent years and IT
this reason that he is retiri,
active life. At the end OF HIS
term he will have served 1
years as a member of congre
this district and will have A
nineteen sessions OF the
congress. The announcement
received with regret by manyI
Of Mr.. Kennedy all over d
congressional district. He HI
a faithful worker in the intel
his constituents, has been pol
congress and Is considered
the strong men Of the presd
gress, being at this time c1
of the rivers and harbors cod
one of the most prominent
tees Of the house.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-08-01

an advantage. we trust. And any,
way, we could adopt rule. and post
it on a bulletin board where all In
vaders could see It, that we wouldn't
fight any enemy who didn't fight
fair. Yes. and II they should take
massachusetts, or New Jersey away
from us We would make them pro-
mise to give them back some time.
we would.