davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-01-09
Peace in Southeastern Europe.

The nations of southeastern Europe
which sided with the Allies in the
war have formed cOnfedera ton for
the primary purpose OF settling their
differences among themselves before
they appear at the Peace Conference
at Versailles. They aim, too, at an
understanding which will relieve the
constant strain of political unrest and
prevent the Balkans from again be
coming the menace to the peace of
Europe they have been throughout
the last half century. According 10
n despatch from Paris, the interested
nations believe that in this way their
own conflicting claims can he salts
factorily adjusted and an agreement
reached with Italy regarding the
Adrlatic coast.
The federation Is n revival of the
Balkan alliance which preceded the
Balkan war against Turkey, with
Jugo-Slavia rs member In the place
Of Bulgaria. The federation has evil
IDENTIFY the support OF the Serbs, MS
Premier PASCHITCH, who has so long
represented Serbia in international
, affairs, Is at the head of the mission
sent to Paris by the Serbs, Croats
and Slavones. A Balkan alliance has
been the policy of the Greeks ever
since the different natlonalities south
OF the Danube began to emerge from
the Turkish rule. VENIzELos was the
organizer OF the former Balkan
League. although FERDINAND of Bul
garia claimed the credit after 1t had
proved n success; and there is nc
doubt that Premier VENIzELos was
one of the prime movers Of the pres
ent federation.
The matters OF especial interest tc
the Balkans are those which have
grown out Of years OF strife, One OF
these Is the division of Macedonia
which Bulgaria had occupied with hei
armies and TO which she thus hoped
to establish her right. A matter OF
dispute between Rumania and Serbia
is the disposition Of the Banat Of
Temesvar, across the Danube from
Belgrade. Other questions are The
determination of the form Of govern
The sun., 1919-01-09
SENATOR OWEN ASKS
GOLD REIMBURSEMENT
Says International Standard
Should Be Arranged in
Trade Interests.
CONFERS WITH BRITISH
Americans Paying Twice as
Much for What They Get
as Formerly.

PARIS. Jan. s-United States Senator
Robert L Owen tOklahoma) after con-
ferring with the international financial
authorities hero and in London. includ-
ing Sir Brien Cokayne. governor OF the
Bank OF England; Reginald McKenna.
former Chancellor OF the Exchequer the
financial adviser OF the American dele
gates and Col. House, Henry White and
others, said:
''1he hig7 prices IN Great Britain and
France are due not alone TO high freights
and short supplies, but in part to the
greatly expanded currency which while
nom!nally on a gold basis Is in reality
based on governmental credit and pa
triotisn, British and French notes not
really being available to get gold. Cons
sequently American dollars. exchange
able IN America for gold. are buying In
Great Britain and France paper cur
rency not actually convertible in gold
on demand and with a purchasing power
much lower than in normal times
In the meantime, however. Americans
are paving about twice as much for
what they get in Great Britain and
France as In normal times This will
help TO adjust the balance of trade
and falls largely upon Americans tray-
cling in and buying goods OF Europe.
AN international gold currency ar
tually convertible at all times In gold
Is greatly needed by the world now.
Great l'ritaln is furnishing Russia with
rube totes redeemable In gold at Lon
don. which serves a very useful purpose
in providing a stable means for buying
and selling commodities m Russia. not
withstanding the fact that ruele notes
are. In all human probability. not &C
tually exchanged for gold in London.
America could furnish gold secured
rlble notes very advantageously fol
American commerce, Russia safeguard
ing the notes by quick redemption in gold
at central point Expanded paper
| money In Europe is Indirectly raising
| prices in America II Is the desire Of
European statesmen 10 bring about &
| lowering OF prices throughout the world
| or this America should take note.
ITO put the American dollar at aetna
! par throughout the world and make tn.
American gold dollar tho measure of in
| ternational contracts. would be OF vas
| Importance to the future expansion o
| American foreign commerce. Tn.
| mechanism TO accomplish this can b,
| afforded through reserve banks o.
| through a Federal reserve foreign banl
devoted exclusively TO foreign eSchang.
| and stabiliziug the American dolla
| abroad"
The sun., 1919-01-09
Meeting Railway Deficits.

There Is all manner of doubt about
the wisdom or the plain common sense
Of giving, right now, more time to
the National Railway Administration
than the twenty-onc months II will
have anyhow to operate the roads AT.
ter the formal peace treaty. At this
moment nobody knows what Is best
for the roads, best for the shippers
and best for the country. We may
not know twenty-one months after
peace the perfect thing to do; but II
we don't know then more than we
know now, II we don't know great
deal more. Il will be because we are
such numskulls that we shall never
know. Representative SIMs's amend
ment for five years of trial from the
first Of January, therefore, should be
placed and kept in cold storage.
The chances are a hundred to one,
however, that his other amendment,
providing for an additional $500, O00.-
600 in the revolving fund. will be
almost Immediately necessary. Since
the signing Of the armistice the bust
ness of the railroads has not been
going up; 1t has been going down. Blu.
the expenses Of the railroads have no.
been going down; they have been
going up.
The earnings in October, before the
stupendous traffic in munitions and
troops slackened. made a dismal show
ing as compared with September and
as compared with the corresponding
month Of the previous year. The
cause was higher operating costs; the
trouble with anything that the Gov
eminent does in business-little re
suits for big money.
When the net earnings for Novem
Der and December come to hand the
story of economic inefhciency at q
very high price is liable to be ghnstly
Facing railway deficits is no more Of
u joke for Government operators thar
for ordinary human beings Because
the National Railway Administration
is about strapped. because during the
Governments experiment The road!
must go on running whatever the cos
to the public, whether in freight and
passenger rates or taxes or both. the
| Director General should have the
funds he needs; and since he canno
earn them he should have them out o.
the Treasury without delay.
The sun., 1919-01-09
paid. a representative of the Director Of

paid. q representative OF the Director OF
Finance is Immediately sent TO that point
to look into the situation and apply the
necessary remedy All individual cases
that are reported TO this office are given
special attention and attempt made to
settle the account, and 1t is requested that
where complaint Is received of such fall
ure to pay the office OF the Director OF
Finance be notified at once.
have attempted as briefly as pos
sible to explain the situation as 1t exists
and the methods being followed in maxi
ing payment 10 troops. On November i.
date of signing of the armistice. the
United States Army numbered S,5lO,s66'
OF whom l.545,173 were in this country
With an army Of this size. stationed IN
widely separated posts, no matter no"
perfect the procedure nor how earnest
the effort made to mako payment. there
wcvld necessarily be a certain proportion
vi, would not receive their pay or VINO
would not receive It as promptly as they
should. but except in the cases or men
arriving from overseas there has been
little or no complaint rs TO the payment
OF troops wherever they might be located
and certainly something Is due the
settling officers In the field who have
succeeded In accomplishing an extraor-
binary task in most commendable
manner. II. M LORD
Brigadier-General. Assistant to the
Director of Purchase. Storage and
Traffic, Director OF Finance.
wAsHISeroN. January s.
The sun., 1919-01-09
LOUIS THE VILLAGER.
Unlike the Less Gifted. He Create.
His Own Ideal Places.

To TIE EDITOR OF THE SUN---Str: "A
Lost Man" complains that he has not
found a village OF dreams near our city.
agree with him only partly. There
are hooks In Central Park where any
man can find n bench and deem himself
in the Catskills
However, for the last ten years my
village of dreams lies right in my studio.
own an Aladdlns lamp which when
touch II allows my mind to he trans
ported to any beautiful SPOT on earth
and then paint the nook and scene t..
an hours time Thus my walls are re-
plete with dreams and thousands OF dt-
rerent views stand piled against n,
walls on the floor.
/ touch the lamp. Presto! 7 paint a
Persian garden with odalisques a-bath-
ing Presto rural scene IN Ellenv'lle
Again. a view on Garda Lake--or a wild
nook IN Colorado. Then, on other days
revei In four dream poems. souvenir:
~ my Years spout IN the mountain
gorges. At home and afar. sail Tho
uncertain ocean. or daily On the ROCKY
coast. Iashed by TIE tempest driver
waves And 30 or: without limitation
views, village hooks. everything or
earth and IN the human mind. My owr
Aladdin's lamp!
LOWS NJ. FILsHEMrus,
Supreme Spirit OF the Spheres
NEW York, January s.
The sun., 1919-01-09

were made for adult salmon in Sep
tember about 1900 were seen near
Dennysville. The Maine folk have
speared some of them, and being I'M
Informed have even tried eating them
after the spawning sea son, not being
aware that the salmon Of the Pacific
has the popularity OF dying a few
days after the spawning and should
be eaten only when taken in salt
water or else Immediately after II
has come from the sea. or course
the Pacific salmon will always be
different from his eastern brother in
this respect. He has short life
only two years-and perhaps he is go
devoted to the tasks Of his destiny
that he has no time to rise to a fly.
The sun., 1919-01-09
ENTERTAINMENTS FOR
SOLDIERS.

Dancing Class-Nstional League for
womens Service. 2sl Madison avenue
ITnirtv-nluth street,. Followed BY gen
ETGai nT,h A s'rSS, l0 " West
seventh Assembly District Soldiers Sail
or- and Marines club, 222S Broadway
tEightieth street., i, NJ
Dances - sailors and Soldiers Club.
broadway above Seyenty-siXth street. 5
w e. c. S Unit No, 2, II East Forty.
FIRST street p, NJ
Jewish Welfare Board, New York Section,
C. j. W, li5 West seventy ninth street
s = NJ Refreshments, prizes smokes
Social and Dance-West S!do Y W
9. A. Ftue'h street and Tenth avenue
Social Evening. Singing, Dancing. Re.
freshments-AN Angels parish House. ISL
West Eighteth street. y, Nj.
Music, Social--Grace Church Unit 81
Fourth avenue tnear Eleventh street,. I
ySpach rossons-w, c. c. &. Unit No .
n Manhattan street Gnterseciion Amster
dam avenue and West l26th street.. s:ii
l. NJ
Motion Pictures and Loctura--Y NJ
e. A., West side Branch, ais West FYuy.
seventh street. I TO n l.. N
Music. GameS-N. NJ g. A. Eas' SD,
Branch, Eighty-siNth street and leNirg,
ton avenue. +. NJ. Showers. swimming
Basketball-w. c. c. s. Unit No 4
sixty fourth street and Central Park West
. to IL p. II. Join the Eam@
The sun., 1919-01-09
THE RAILROAD CLERKS PAY.
A Cali for Cash, as Now, Instead of
Checks, as PropoSed

To THE EDITOR OF THE SrN-Str: As
;he clerks IN the Pennsylvania Rail-
road cannot have voice In the matter.
will the newspapers voice the protest
OF many unorganlzed men AGAINST the
return OF the check system on the
Pennsylvania Railroad?
am clerk receiving $40 a month.
with n wife and four children. VIII some
one tell me how, under present Condi-
tons, I am to open bank account
with this amount? Under the present
system my pay in money is there on
the day. Never since this system began.
no matter what the weather rain, snow
or hail. has the paymaster failed us.
Why are we forced 10 go backward
instead OF forward? II cannot be
the expense. for l have heard discussed
the amount OF money It would take TO
irstall the new system. J. W. w.
NEW YORK, January s.
The sun., 1919-01-09
Involuntary Sea I'm migrants.

The Government experiment Of
the home of two important food crea-
lures goes patiently, If not merrlly, on.
If Uncle SAM can bring it about, the
Maine lobster will be homesteadcr
on Pacific bottoms, while the hump
backed salmon will learn to love the
waters of the New England coast
The latest report of the Commissioner
of Fisheries, H. VI. SMITH, indicates
that he Is not discouraged with the
results so far obtained.
The Holsters 60 west more care
fully attended than human settlers
were IN olden railroad times. They
travel in specially constructed bar
rels, snoozing on straw soaked In
brine, and with ice to keep them COM
Portable. At the Coast they are
lowed to the San Juan Islands and
there liberated. How they enjoy the
Pacific Is best guessed from the be-
ha vior of few dozen who were kept
in cages and fed on canned salmon.
They remained In fine condition until
an unusually high tide brought about
their escape.
The humpbacked salmon, which Is
no such royal animal as the great
fish Of the Columbia River but which
is well suited for canning, comes east
in egg form from Puget Sound and is
patched in Maine. The fingerllngs
are planted In the Dennys and Penn
broke rivers, from two to four miles
above tidewnter. When observations
The sun., 1919-01-09
Protecting Migratory Birds.

In the migratory bird law decision
rendered on Tuesday the United
States Supreme Court dismissed. at
the request Of the Solicitor General,
that officials motion made to test
the constitutionality of the original
Wecks-McLean law Of 1913. and thus
cleared the docket. The point made
by ALEXANDER G. KING, Solicitor-Gcn
eral, was that II was Of no use to
argue the case he had appealed. be-
cause there was no longer Weeks
Mclean law.
Although there was no repeating
clause in the Canadian treaty en-
abling act, the new measure super
seeded the old one. The Weeks-Mc-
Lean law was intended to save the
wild fowl and shore birds of this
country in protecting these migrants,
which belong to no State. through
stopping the shooting Of waterfowl in
spring. 1t had two defects Its con
stitutionality was seriously ques.
toned. aud the Federal Department
Of Justice held there was insufficient,
police power to enforce II. The pro
hibitive regulations, under these con
ditlons, could not be enforced as Law
abiding citizens desired them to be.
The treaty of 1916 between the
United States and Great Britain
which gives protection TO migratory
birds in the United States and Can
ada IS held TO have eliminated the
opportunity for questioning the con
stitutlonality of the new law. The
enactment in 1917 OF a bill to give eff
feet to the treaty put on the statute
books law which provided what
the Weeks Mclean law lacked, eff
cient machinery for It's enforcement
The Canadian enabling act was passet
on August 30, 1917. and went into Of
feet on May II. 1918, uniting tn,
United States and Canada In the pro
lection OF migratory birds OF the con
tlnent north Of the Rio Grande.
The idea back OF the legislation wa,
10 save the Wild fowl and shore bird.
| for this and for other generations
Prohibition OF spring shooting Target.
increased the supply Of wild fowl. Pro
hibition of the sale of game. by tn
PRONUNCIATION Of the new Federal reg
ulations, hit the market hunter. Put
ting n bag Limit on the days shooting
Curhcd every gunner.
The Increase Of birds Is now s
: great that It IS believed longer opel
season may he fixed. especially in tn,
Mississippi Valley. where sometimes
| because Of blue bird weather. til
ducks will pass over States at nigh
and not feed. and the gunner Is thu
Disseminated against by the bird
themselves One great value of tn
new law is lis fexibilty. II can b.
changed whenever experience show
the wisdom Of so doing.
The sun., 1919-01-09

General LoRp's letter on the army
pay system which We print in another
place on this page to-day, Is in an
swer to charges OF inefticiency which
have been widely circulated. On the
day on which this communication was
received by us THE Sun printed a re-
port OF the action OF the House In
adopting a resolution directing the
War Department TO resume immedi-
ately the payment OF allotments Sis
pended last July" Representative
SAUNDERS. a Virginia Democrat, was
the author OF this resolution, a fact
which deprives IL OF the slightest
t!nge Of craftsmanship. Undoubtedly
many complaints concerning the pay
Of soldiers are trivial and without
foundation. but the matter has reached
stage which renders an inquiry by
Congress highly desirable.
The sun., 1919-01-09
STOWELL TELLS WHY
HE LEFT COLUMBIA
Anti German Writing Dis
tasteful to Many Colleagues.

WAsHINGToN, Jan. S.-Testify'ng to-
day before the Senate committee investi-
eating German propaganda, Ellery c.
Stowel testified his anu-Gernan writ
ings before the United States entered
the war were the indirect cause OF his
leaving Columbia University. where he
was associate professor of international
law. lie said while President Nicholas
Murray Butler was strongly pro-Ally
many members of the faculty were not
and these objected that he was mot
academic"
In response to questions by Senator
Nelson (Alinn.). who declared being
for peace at any price was the same as
being pro-German, Mr.. Stowell said from
% to so per cent. of the forty profess
sors In the graduate school OF political
science were for peace AZ any price.
MI Stowell told OF arranging TO meet
Heinrich +. Albert aul other German
agents TO obtain their explanation Of
why Germany entered the war. and OF
meeting Albert and William Bayard
iiaie In 1914 NJ a luncheon. a winch he
said he drank to the health OF the GER
man people. hut not 20 the German Gov
eminent" lie said he arranged later to
review book for Edmund Won Mock.
formerly associated with Albert, but that
the fee was not paid because tho war
| interviewed.
Vouchers showing payments from tho
offlCe Of former Attorney-General Lewis
| OF New York TO persons Investigating
/ alleged visits OF Bolo Pasha. former Ger
man AInba ssador Won Rernstorff and
others TO the home OF william Randolph
| Hearst in New York were received to-
day by the committee. The vouchers,
! together with the names OF persons maxi
| ing the Investigations. were sent by Gov,
| Smith.
! When Alfred l. Becker. Deputy At
/ torney-General OF New York. recently
was under cross-examnation before the
| committee by Senator Reed (Nlssouri)
| he refused 20 give the names of the per-
! sons making the Investigations or 70
produce vouchers on the ground they
/ ware Confidential
The sun., 1919-01-09
GERMANY'S NAVY.
At Least the Metals In II Can Serve
Civilization.

Civilization.
To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-St: In
THE Sun OF January see tho ad-
vice Of Admiral Rodman to the House
Naval Affairs Committee is to sink the
German capital ships
Nothing would please the Germans
better. as their feet was OF no avail
TO help them conquer the world. And
1T would be great satisfaction TO
them to know that 1t was rendered
worthless to their enemies.
1 think the more practical way to
dispose OF said ships would be. hrst,
as the Admiral said, to divide up those
ships that can be made useful to the
allied nav.es, then scrap the balance by
taking out their engines. boilers, &c,
and using all the machinery possible
for the building OF merchant ships or
for other purposes. Some OF these
engines are very powerful and could
be adapted 20 very large and fast rner-
| chant stea rnships Then scrap the dis.
mantled ships for their copper, brass
steel guns and bulls, all OF which are
of value.
One might say breaking UP ships 1,
an expensive process but by using the
acetylene gas iet steel can be cut into
almost any size for resrnelting at a
| small cost
| In place OF sending millions o: dollar
OF value TO the bottom OF the sea
would suggest converting said value &c
commercial use. and the money real
ICED by thus disposins OF the German
| fleet could be used to restore devas
tated France and Belgium.
w. J. COLLINS.
NEw York. January IS.
The sun., 1919-01-09
An Old Practice OF Congress Upheld.

The decision of the Supreme Court
Of the United States In the Missouri
Pacific Railroad case not only sus-
| tains the constitutlonality Of the
! Webb Kenyon act. which forbids the
shipment OF intoxicating liquor into
dry territory. but puts the seal Of the
highest legal tribunal on the Congress
sional Interpretation OF "two-thirds"
in that part Of the Constitution which
| describes the manner In which the
| Congress may pass a bill over the
Presidents veto. In Section Z Of Ar
| ticle L IT Is provided that in the event
I Of veto the house in which the bill
originated shall proceed to recon
slider it:
IF after such reconsideration two
thirds OF that house shall agree to pass
the bill It shall be sent. together with
the objections. to the other house. by
which It shall likewise DO reconsidered.
and II approved by two-thirds Of that
house It shall become a law
In the present case the contention
was made that when the Webb-Ken-
yon bill was passed over President
TAFT's veto 1t failed TO receive the
vote Of two-thirds Of all the Senate's
members. The opinion Of the Su-
preme Court on this point, written by
Chief Justice WHITE, is as follows:
while there is no decision Of this
court covering the subject. In the State
courts OF last resort the question has
arisen and been passed upon. resulting
principle that IN the absence Of an ex-
press command to the contrary the two
thirds vote OF the House required TO pass
bill over a veto Is the two-thrds OF a
quorum OF the body as empowered 70
perform other legislative duties"
Although, as the opinion remarks,
the question whether action after a
veto requires two-thirds of all the
members or two-thirds of a quorum
had never before been presented to the
Supreme Court, 1t first arose in Con.
gress more than seventy years ago
On March 8, 1915. the last day Of the
administration Of President TYLER
the House passed Senate bill ovel
veto by n vote Of 127 yeas TO &c
nays, a yea vote less than two-thiris
of all the Representatives The
Speaker, JOHN w. JONES OF Virginia
declared that the bill was passed by
the constitutional majority of two
thirds"
, The Senate faced the same question
on July Z. 1855. when two-thirds OF
the Senators present, but not two
thirds Of all the members of the Sen
ate, passed bill over the veto of Pres
/ ident PIERCE. The President pro TEN
pore, JESSE D. BRIGHT Of Indiana
8 made a formal ruling based on thu
t practice Of the House Of Representa-
/ tlves, and on appeal he was sustained
t by vote of "a to 7,
; The members OF the Senate numbe
5 90, and quorum Is 40. The member
= Of the House total 42S, and a quo
5 rum is 2l5. II the Supreme Cour
} had sustained the contention Of tn,