davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
FRENCHKNEW GERMANS MOVING
TOWARD FRONTIER JULY 80, 1914
Ordered Own Troops to Retire So as Not
to Be Held Aggressor, Says NJ. Vivian,
Then Premier-England Informed.

Ado1ph E. Messimy. the minister OF
war at that time, as follows:
In order to assure English collabo-
ration, 1T is Indispensable that French
troops do not cross the general line
decided upon unless a regular attack
is made upon them"
Defense Only Is Planned.
On August 2, Gen. Joffre, learning
that seventeen violations of the
French frontier had. been committed
telegraphed to Premier Viviani as fol-
lows:
THE Introduction against crossing
the line indicated is lifted, but for
national reasons of diplomatic and
moral order 1t is indispensable to
leave to the Germans the entire re-
sponsibility for hostilities. consequent
ly our troops will merely hold the
enemy back and throw him upon the
frontier without pursuing him be-
yond.''
Tells of Declaration of War.
II. viviani. amid tense silence. con-
tinued.
'Then war was declared The presi-
dent of the republic wrote a letter to
King George, which was published in
the press at that time, but the reply
of the king is still unpublished. 1t
reads:
~ admire the limitation which
France willingly imposed upon her
self, and which SO vitality concerns
her military defense"
Almost Overcome With Emotion.
The former premier was laborfng
under great emotion, and his voice
was at high pitch. carrying to every
corner of the spacious chamber, as he
concluded:
1T is essential that the world know
that in order to assure the peace of
the world we were making such a sub
lime sacrifice in uncovering our from
tier in order to affirm our right. Do
you think that great and noble Ameri-
ca would have remained Indifferent TO
such a striking demonstration of our
good faith; and that it had no infiu-
ence upon her final decision?
upon the responsibilities for the
war historians may discuss, but
France by her. withdrawal ten kilo-
meters away from her frontier has
desire for peace"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
GERMAN FOOD OFFICIALS
THREATEN TO PUNISH
SALE OF IRON CROSSES
BY JUNIuS b. WOOD.
Cablegram to The Sunday Star
and Chicago Daily News.
Conyrf1hf 1870

Copyright, 1910.
COBLENZ, Germany. January
81 (deIayed).-The German food
authorities jolted the fiourishing
sightseeing excursions in the
American bridgehead area of
the Rhine valley when they
threatened the drastic punish
ment of local stores selling iron
crosses. Purchasing army deco
rations. either to carry home as
souvenirs or to sell in Paris at
greatly advanced prices. is a
favorite occupation of the junk
eters.
One. junket profteer bought
100 iron crosses at marks $50
each, assured of selling them to
Americans attending the peace
conference for $40 each.
A local newspaper today an
nounceS the traffic in iron
crosses as an indecency, par
ticularly disgraceful in stores
selected for the distribution of
food supplies 1t says that if
they display crosses for sale in
their windows the American au-
thorities will deprive them of
the right TO sell foods.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
BY GORDON STILES.

CabIeSr1m to The sunday Star and
Chicago Daily News. Copyright. 1919.
BREMEN, Germany. February l.
Since arriving in Bremen I have
learned more of the Spartacus move
ment than in the weeks I spent in
Berlin. In Hamburg, through which l
came, the people shook their heads
when / declared my intention of visit
ing Bremen. The Spartaeans are
strong there" they said You are
| most likely to be shot
So it was not without misgivings
that ] stopped off the train here. 1
stepped off into the cold of a perfect
winter afternoon, and my ears were
keyed for the sound of rife and ma
chine gun fire. Outside the station
snow-covered streets stretched off in
easy grade to the center of the town.
Ordinary people plodded peacefully
along muffied to the nose against the
sharp winter air. Cabs rolled evenly
away, drawn by Sedate horses with
steaming noStrils. Barring two armed
guards at the station no soldier was
in sight
'Up at the Rathaus.''
Going to a hotel which at one time
was filed with the chatter of Ameri-
cans going to and fro on their con-
tinental travels, naturally the first
question l asked of Herr Vollmer, the
amiable proprietor. was Where ARE
the Spartacans?" up at the rathaus,"
he said, laughingly. They are run
ming the city"
After the last few strenuous weeks
in Berlin ducking into doorways to
avoid bullets his statement sounded
not at all reasonable, because l knew
that in Hamburg, only three hours
away, they were ignorant of the state
of affairs in Bremen. However. the
results of my subsequent investigations
were startling.
The bolsheviki are running Bremen
running it for all it will yield And
so thoroughly are they running it
that violence is not necessary at pres
ent. They took possession last month
men. mostly recruited from KieI by
a man named Ecks- He and his gang
executed a coup, disarmed a regi-
ment which had just returned from
the front and proceeded to arm all
the unemployed. paying them high
came from Russia.
Burgomaster Thrown Out.
out the burgomaster, all the memb ers
of the senate and other officials of
the free city of Bremen Herr Ecl1s
then filled the offices with his motley
crowd, but he did not last long. His
bad record of many times in Jail and
of other times when he should have
been there arose and smote him with
his faithful followers as willing in
struments. His wife caught the fever
and wrote long letters to the papers
her spouse, Gaping the
Climax by taking out summons
against him. This document was
issued by one of his henchmen.
Into. his place stepped one Alfred
Hencker. for some time a journalist,
who proceeded to occupy the chair
of president of the senate. while the
variable burgomaster was replaced by
a former cigarmaker. called Ira Hun
kivatz- Several senators and promi-
.nent citizens were arrested and held
Until certain demands of the boil
sheyiki were complied with. g.
But in few days things got badly
tangled. The Spartacans were good
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Dewey's Captor Dies in Memphis

MEMPHIS, Tenn, February l.
A. 3. Hill. aged eighty-three. who, as
a captain in the Confederate army.
led the company which captured the
late Admiral Dewey, then lieutenant
in the federal Navy. at Fort Hudson.
near Vicksburg. Miss, March II, 1893,
has died here He had been secretary
of the. Memphis school board since
1881. Admiral Dewey, who escaped
soon after his capture. and Mr.. Hill
became personal friends after the war.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Mail to Sweden Through Germany

STOCKHOLM, Sweden February T.
American mail is now reaching
Sweden by way of Germany. The first
consignment of sacks of letters and
registered packets dispatched through
france and Germany arrived here
Monday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
REPRESENTATIVES WEAR
PAPER VESTS IN GERMANY
BY JUNIUS b. WOOD.
CabIegram to The Sunday Star and
Chicago Daily News. Copyright, 1918.


Chicago Daily News. Copyright, 1919.
COBLENZ, Germany, January 81 tde-
layed) .-Representatives George White
of Ohio. Patrick Norton of North Dakota
and William p. Borland of Kansas City
have added German made paper vests
to their touring makeups. Mr.. Borland.
who wore a Y. NJ. c. A. cap, black
Prince Albert coat, white paper vest and
leather puttees, said that Congress was
having hard time. Pm learning lot
of things over here" he said. 1.-THE
newspapers have not kept the American
public informed about the war
The representatives covered the occu-
pied area in forty-eight hours, learning
much. They are spending most of their
time around the stove in the newspaper
correspondents club, snowbound today,
addressing souvenir post cards.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02

By the Associated Press.
PARIS, February lon July 80, 1914,
the French government ordered its troops
to retire eight or ten kilometers from
the frontier. having heard that the Ger.
man troops were moving toward it, Rene
vivfani, former premier, declared in the
chamber of deputies last night in the
course of disclosures concerning the ORR
gin of the war which never before have
been made public. NJ ViIani was pre-
mier when the war broke out
Government Makes Decision.
1T was on July 30" he said. that the
government of which I was the chief
decided that the French troops should
retire eight or ten kflometers from the
frontier. On the same day requested
Paul Cambon (French ambassador in
London) by wire to inform Sir Edward
Grey of the measure taken. :.
England / said, will realize that
IL France is firm 1t is not she who is
taking measures Of aggression Al
though Germany has moved her troops
upon her battle line, the government OF
the French republic intends to demon
strate that France as well as Russia
bears no responsibility for the attack
These "reminiscences of the nomentous
DAYS of the last of July, 1914, caused the
deputies to arise. and cheer the former
premier.
Wanted to Be in Right.
NJ viviani continued: Gould we risk
a nurderous war upon the chance meet
ing of patrols? We desired to proclaim
high before the world that If France
were forced to fight she would, do so for
right and justice and not take advan-
tage of any equivocatien.
The withdrawal was carried out
without meeting any obstacle either
technical or military. Had we met
with an observation from Gen. Joffre
to the effect that the measure might
endanger the fate of the country, we
should not have hesitated, but would
have kept the watch on the frontier.
Speech Reply to Criticism.
N. viviani's speech was in reply to
gerand. who sharply criticised the
abandonment of the ten kilometer
zone. He claimed that 1t was a tech
meal mistake because the mineral
valley of Briey was within range of
the French guns and had it been
| bombarded intensiveIy for three or
| four days the German iron ore de-
| posits and factories would have been
destroyed and Germany placed in an
| inferior position regarding minerals.
This. the deputy thought, would have
| brought about an end OF the war in
| six months
| Deputy Engerand added that the
| abandonment Of the French sources of
minerals and iron without a fight
| created a situation which caused the
| first battle of the Marine to become a
pyrrhic victory instead of the absolute
| defeat of the enemy.
Decided on Abandonment.
| Former Premier Viviani replied that
the abandonment of the Briey valley
in the event of war had been decided
| upon by the general staff in January.
| 1914. A withdrawal to a depth of %
kiIometers was first considered. said
NJ. Viviani, who then read a telegram
from Gen. Joffre, dated July 30, read
ing as follows:
For diplomatic reasons it IL in
dispensable that no incident occur at
| the frontier. No unit and no patrol
shall advance east Of the line fixed"
! IL Viviani then read a message from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02

! GERMAN FINANCE
|, HANGSBY THREAD
Dsutsch Bank Head Says:
f'War Frightful, But This
Is Worse"
B0LSHEvISM is. GAINING
B6LSHEvISM is. GAINING
BY BEN HEIGHT.

Chicago Daily News. Copyright, 1919
BERLIN, Germany, February IA
shabby dressed, misunderstanding
man entered the massive walnut room
where the financial destiny of Ger
many has more than once been de-
cided. Three attendants in frayed
trousers and coats and wooden-soled
shoes bowed tremendously. The at
tendants withdrew. The man. Arthur
Won Gwinner. president of the Deutsch
Bank, sank into a large leather chair
with sigh. 1 began asking bin
questions. Here Gwinner sprang abb
ruptly to his feet and laughed.
Dos Starve to Death Daily.
while we sit here and talk Germany
dies" he said. German finance hangs
by thread. The war was frightful.
people die from starvation The in
FAINT mortality rate since the armistice
has reached so per cent.
I'm Prussia our railroads are gone.
We have only one train a day on each
line. We cannot transport our coal.
Bolshevism in Westphalia and Silesia
has ruined our mines. We cannot get
fish from Scandinavia. There is only
one sleeping car in all the country.
Germany is holding together day by
day through courage and its faith in
President Wilson.
DEMONSTRATION has not begun.
Everything is paralyzed. Spartacism
is gaining foothold among the peo-
pie 1t is not politics, but despair
which makes bolshevists out of them.
Unless the blockade is lifted and the
people are given chance to work in
/.
grip Germany. Plundering and pill
laying have already started.
Fears Russia's Fate.
Germany will be reduced to the
state of Russia and worse. We
cannot hold on much longer. Half
of Germany will go mad and the other
half will be assassinated-"
The great financier wrung his
hands. dashed into an adjoining room
and returned with pamphlet written
by George Bernard Shaw. attempting
TO prove that England started the
war. He began TO argue about the
blame for the world war. and to point
out that Germany was always peace
loving. Pausing for breath, he drew
a hand across his eyes.
What is the use:" he said. Ger
many has been the second greatest
nation 1t has been a conservative.
q
have always been political fools.
letting our country fall into the hands
Of incompetency. Sustaining a.
glorious military clique was our SIM
Now. in the midst of our death throes,
we are playing with another variety
Of dynamite-socialism."
Wants Sane Democracy. 4
Il am German democrat. Socialism
will reduce Germany to a pathetic
puerile nation. We want sane
democracy-no schoolboy experiments.
But for the moment this is uniru-
portant
I'VE stand ready to make reparation
to Belgium and to do all We can Why
this senseless torture of a people no
longer at WARP
We talked another hour. A frayed
attendant appeared and bowed The
CHATTER of wooden soles was heard on
the outside. "A business caller"
laughed Herr Gwinner. There Is a
joke for you-business,''
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
DRAWS PICTURE OF BELGIUM
EMERGING FROM WAR SHADOW
Miss Julia Lathrop Notes Dissemination to
Labor, Independence Of Farmer and
Dependence of City Dweller.

which made it a great industrial state
before the war
of course, we must take into &C
count that in addition to the Icthargy
there is no employment worth men
tioning. Food prices remain high. J.
is estimated that it will take two
years to get the Belgian industries
sufficiently reconstructed to give gen
eral employment. There are only $50
trains daily, where formerly there
were a009.
I'VE were told that laborer in
Brussels earns from to 10 francs
$3.50 to $1,000 a. day. 1t is difficult to
imagine how the poorest get along
recently bought four pairs of shoes for
his children at total cost OF LEO
francs (S2f0)."
From data. procured by Miss La
throp 1t was evident that the farmer
was a profiteer during the war a. the
expense of the cities. He was able to
wiring some money from the Germans
for the products of the soil. This
German money, of which much in Bel
GUM was accepted by the Belgian
government at it's face value, mus.
eventually be honored by Germany
That country must also redeem all its
money papers issued for acquisitions
on the Belgians.
Refers to Smuggling Operations.
Miss Lathrop said that smuggling
from Holland had helped to certain
extent. Charitable organizations will
be needed in Belgium for a consider
able time longer to help feed the pop
ulation.
Miss Lathrop and Miss Abbott made
the trip to Paris from Brussels be-
tween Z in the morning and 10 at
night, travelling by way of Alberta
and Lille. In Brussels they stopped
at the Palace Hotel. where they were
generously provided with butter,
sugar and good food
The train passed through the dew
astated region and the scene from the
car Windows, said Miss Lathrop
was as tremendous a lesson in the
horror and devastation of war as any
one needs to see"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02

Castor Gunter, Judge of the fifteenth
judicial circuit court of Alabama and
member of pioneer family of this
section, is dead
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
BY HARRY HANSEN.
CablegraB, to The Sunday Star and
Chicago Daily News. Copyright, 1919.


Chicago Daily News. Copyright, 1919.
PARIS, February IA vivid pic
ture of Brussels emerging from the
shadow after four years of misery
as seen through the eyes OF a careful
student of social movements was
drawn by Miss Julia Lathrop just be-
fore sailing for America.
1t touches on two well defined
phases of the war. The first is the
fact that the Incidence of wartime
has Slapped the desire of the Belgian
population to work, and the second
is that the war has proved the rela-
tive independence of the farmer and
the dependence. of the dweller in
cities. Both facts might we'll become
Immediately the subject for a careful
and scholarly study.
When Miss Lathrop and Miss Grace
Abbott arrived in Brussels few days
ago they found the city in the throes
OF gayety they could not compre-
bend. Paris at its greatest has not
approached Brussels in it's after-war
JoliIty. The occasion was a parade
of British division. Yet the Bel
gians OF means were spending their
capital. while the poor eked out a
living on potatoes and made little at
tempt to re-eSta bliSh themselves
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
Says War Slapped Strength.

we were told by an eminent Bel
gian," said Miss Lathrop, that the
war had Slapped the strength of the
population and made people lose all
desire to work. Germany ruined the
Industries and refused to allow the
Belgians to produce anything. In
addition. the Belgians refused to
work for the Germans. The result
sank into careless state of exist
ence. which now has a strong grip
on them. Belgium must begin to
bring back to life the spirit of labor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1919-02-02
rRl1 As ALWAYS

In spite Of greatly
Increased laboratory
custs due 10 the Wan.
By sacrificing prchts
and absorbing war
taxes We have main
tanned the PRICE at
which this family lax-
etise has hesa ed b.
asueglses 1us ~ ~
- -. TWo a6Doo-
81 @d lila .
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1919-07-12
PARIS GROWING
IN POPULATION
BE 5000, 900 IN FIFTY
YEARS

PARIS, July 5.-A statistician
who had made a study of the
growth of the population of Paris
estimates that the city, within its
present limits, will have 5000, 900
inhabitants in another half century
and that the population of the de-
partment of the Seine, which he
thinks will then he a part of the
capital, will have increased to a.
30O,O
He bases his figures on the actual
development of the city since 1900
and on the progressive density of
the population which went from 50
to the acre in 1851 to LAG to the
acre in 1911. In 1861, he antici-
pates Paris will cover 432,500 acres,
practically the entire territory of
the department of the Seine and
some ommune of the department
of Seine ct Disc.
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1919-07-12
RICHEST RED Skin IN
WAR RECOVERING
FROM WOUNDS !.
SAYS HE WILL DO HIS DUTY
AGAIN IF THE COUNTRY
CALLS

LOS ANGELES, July 3.-Joe
Mills, the richest Indian in the
service of America in the world war,
has had enough of fighting and IA
vors a lasting peace. He saw Is
months service including partici-
patton in the memorable engage
ment at Chateau Thierry, where
Mills stopped a German machine
gun bullet. He still carries his
arms in a sling as the result of the
wound.
Mills is in Los Angeles to rest
up to get the memories of the Eu-
ropean fighting out of my mind"
as he put it. Mills said from earliest
childhood he had heard the old men
of his tdibe-he is of the Osages-
tell of the glories of war and he
thought soldering would be a good
adventure.
80 it may have BEEN" said he,
when the old men of my tribe were
yOuuk, DuI LhdI was OChOiC AN ooy
of the machine gun and poisoned
gas. The slaughter in France is
horrible. l did my duty and / will
do it again if Uncle Sam needs me
but until he does l am going to stay
in the good old United States of
America, and look after Mrs. Mills,
my eight-year-old son, and my prop
erty."
Though he mentions that prop
erty interest last, Mills is rated a
millionaire. Most of his income is
derived from oil bearing lands in
Oklahoma, his home.
Mills served as a member of the
field artillery.
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1919-07-12
TO PROTECT
TfUTON WORKERS
CONSIDERED
ORGANIZATIONS WILL HAVE
POWER TO PASS ON
DISCHARGES

BERLIN, July "a bill creating
employees councils for all industries,
business and trade in Germany, is
completed and ready for action by
the assembly. The bill provides
for councils in all establishments
employing so or more persons. an
industry with so workers to have a
council of three, SO to 100 a council
of ), 100 to 1000, one extra for
each, 100 and over 1000 employees
one extra for each 500. The coun-
ellis will be chosen by secret vote of
all employees over 20 years of age,
from candidates who are over "a.
The councils duties will be to
protect the interests of employees,
to support the employer in further
ing his business, to see to the car
rying out of loan agreements, to
cooperate in wage disputes, regu-
lating vacations, to increase CO.
operation between employers and
employees, aiding in hiring and dis
charging employees, to support the
employer by advice and to obtain
the highest possible efficiency.
The employer is obliged to no.
tify the council c~onfidentially on all
questions concerning employees un-
less that endangers trade secrets,
and to submit wage books and in
formation regarding trade prospects.
The council can hold up every dis
missal and can force a discharge If
the committee of adjustment APP
proves.
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1919-07-12
FISH HARVESTING
STARTS IN ALASKA
BETWEEN $4,000 AND 10000
PEOPLE EXPECTED TO BE
EMPLOYED

JUNEAU, Alaska. July 3.-Fish
harvesting days have come again III
Alaska. By the middle of July,
when the season Will be IN in full
blast, the scores of fisheries and
salteries, which dot inlets and river
mouths all the way from Ketchiilan
to Nome, will be employing between
$4,000 and 10000 people, it is ex-
pected.
War on the finny tribe of the
North Pacific will be waged all
summer by the fishermen and can
nerymen. This years pack is e
pected to equal the pack OF last
year, which was worth over $780,
OOO, 900, according to an estimate
made by the territorial bureau of
publicity here.
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1919-07-12
SENATE PREPARED TO
RECEIVE PRESIDENT

WASHINGTON, d. c., July s.
Arrangements have been completed
for the appearance of the president
before the senate Thursday to pre-
sent the treaty with Germany in
open session. Senator Lodge said
he expected the entire debate on the
treaty to be open and this is also
the expectation of administration
leaders, although a small group is
reported to favor an executive ses-
sion. There also is some sentiment
for open sessions of the foreign re-
lations committee in the event the
committee invites the members of
the peace delegation to appear, but
after discussion today it was said
that most, if not all, of the sessions
of the committee would be execu-
tive.
The Goldfield news and weekly tribune. [volume] (Goldfield, Nev.) 1911-1947, 1919-07-12
MARKS
ON j. s. SILVER
BRITISH MANUFACTURER TRY
ING TO PREVENT USE IN
AMERICA

LONDON, July British silver
manufacturers are seeking mea Of
stopping the use of their hall marks
by electro plating firms in the
United States. says the American
chamber of commerce here.
1t is also understood that the adj
Fvisory committee of the city of
Sheffield is taking up the question
of the use of the word Sheffield"
in connection with American manu-
facturers. An anticipated difficulty
is pointed out in the fact that there
are at least nine Sheffields in the
United States from which many of
the American firms may derive
their name. 1t is suggested, how
ever that they should add the let
tiers, ~. S. A" to the name.