The evening world., 1919-11-19

uU3ned Oy Such an act OF Congress
ns permits OF the Presidents sigma
ture.
Congress connot deprive the Ex-
ecutive OF the right OF veto. which
they would he attempting TO do II
only a concurrent resolution were
needed to Withdraw from the League
OF Nations. Also under the Consti-
tuition, the President is charged with
the conduct OF diplomatic rela-
tions and a concurrent resolution
cannot deprive him of those rights.
The flaw can he fixed by making
withdrawal from'the league subject
10 the same rules as have hitherto
governed the abrogation Of treaties
10 which the United states has been
OF is a party.
Reservation three, which would in
torpret Article 10 so as to prevent
the United States from assuming any
obligation to preserve the territorial
integrity or political independence
OF any member country OF the
league unless Congress shall so
authorize is unobjectionable II II
means that the military or naval
forces shall not be used without tho
consent OF Congress. but II goes fur
thor and would prohibit the cxccu-
tive branch OF the Government from
interfering in controversies between
nations"
DIFFERENCE OF OPINION ON
MEANING OF INTERFERENCE"
Nobody knows what might be in
ferpreted as Interference" When
ever war Is threatened, friendly ma
tions have exercised tho right to
suggest mediation or to urge con-
ciIiation. What has been intended
by The one side az an act Of friend
ship and mediation has sometimes
been construed by belligcrents as
''intsrference."
The adoption of the Lodge reser-
vnion ON Article 10 Is considered
Embarrassing because II would
weaken the moral power OF the Gov
ernment 10 exercise any good Offices
even in Central and South America
without the specific consent OF
Congress. and It Is often the case
that Congress Is not In session when
an emergency arises and there are
some emergencies which can be
strai ghtened out easily by the execu-
tive branch OF the Government with
out all the trouble Of an extra ses-
sion Of Congress. 1t---.
A specific definition OF this reser-
vation TO amply only TO the use Of
military and naval forces as pro-
vided under the Constitution and to
leave the executive branch Of the
Government. free TO exert moral
power 10 preserve peace, but pre-
venting II from using the army or
navy until Congress has said so
would easily bring support from the
democratic side Of the Senate.
Reservation four. saying that no
mandate shall be accepted without
the consent OF Congress is not con-
sidered Questionable.
THIS RESERVATION MIGHT SPOIL
CHANCES OF IRELAND.
Reservation Ave saying the United
States reserves 10 itself exclusively
tie right 10 decide what questions
are within domestic jurisdiction
and declaring that ali such questions
may not even be considered by the
Council OF the League is not viewed
as Objectionable from any legalistit
viewpoint, but simply that when ac
cepted by other foreign Government
IL would give them the same righ
and then England could call thu
Irish question domestic. AFFAIR. ant
Japan might call the ShantunI
question a domestic matter and ItSl!
might construe the Fiume issue a
purely domestic, because Italian
live there.
All the advantages which oh
friends OF ireland were To be give
under Article XI. OF the covenan
which permits tho Council OF IN
League TO consider anything tina
dlntltrbs friendly relations would b
swept aside by the specific exelu
sion OF domestic affairs" lndee'
any nation could simply invoke thi
article and exclude question aftG
dnesti0n FROM the domain Of intel
national conference
This reservation might not be q
invoked by the United States hut
would most assuredly be invoked !
certain governments In Europe. II
pnrpose which the Senators have
mind-namely. to exclude immigri
ton and the tarih from the coma
Grafton Of the league be a
complished by a simple reseryatit
stating that questions which ha'
hitherto been regarded universal