davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
oo me American fres Reacts the
Convictingg TownleyT
of reaching !
Disloyalty

been representing NE. But feel
chat I and the organization are on
Trial, and l feel that I can handle
this defence better than my attor-
neys. ! dc not know what Mr.. Gil
bert is going to do about it; I do not
know whether he is going to be
heard through his attorneys
At this point George Hoke, who
had been chief counsel for the de-
PENDANTS, announced that Gilbert
waived his rights to be represented
by counsel. Townley then con-
tinued:
~ ask, your honor, that I may be
permitted to make my own plea to
the jury. l am very anxious to do
this. The attitude of more than
25O,000 farmers and a million of
people throughout this Northwest
will depend upon the decision of the
jury, and I again ask that I may be
permitted to make the address in
my behalf"
Judge Dean pointed out to Town
ley that it was a case alleging con-
spiracy, in which the law holds that
the two defendants, if found guilty,
would be considered equally guilty
The court questioned whether the
law would permit one of the de-
PENDANTS to try his own case in an
action of this kind without legally
representing the sother defendant.
Townley is not lawyer.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20
argues in Shirfslecues

argues IN ChLTfSlpCCeS
only moment after Prosecutor
Nicholas had closed his argument
Iownley stepped before the court
aeyoid OF coat. His suspenders
mapped az he stretched his arms
and began speaking. Scores Of worn-
On were in the crowd that TANNED
the courtroom.
Your honor" he said, II have dis
charged my counsel. have come 10
lns conclusion that from this point
y the case I have syery confidence
- ths ability of t5l(xpen who have
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-20

n INTIMATELY associated with
II the FESTIVE spirit of the world s
l. population is the continued rise
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1919-03-15

Copyright Great Rf<hta Reserved
Registered q once
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-30
Tractor Methods Vary

The tractor will be used for blowing
wheat land this year by larger number
of farmers than ever before PERHAPS
The farmer who is using a tractor for
the first time will have to solve a GREAT
many problems. And many farmers who
have used tractors for one or more years
have not vet found the best way of
avoiding all the difficulties of tractor
blowing
The two main things to be considered
in tractor blowing. as in any 4 Their kind
of blowing, are high quality of work and
economy of time. They are somewhat
harder to attain with the tractor than
with horse plows, or, to put II more ac-
curately, greater care in planning is nee
essary to attain them
The initial problem is to Law out the
field in such way as to attain a two
fold result-a high-ciass Job of blowing
over the entire field with as little use
as possible of horse drawn plows in start
ing and finishing and to consume as
little time as possible in turning and in
running with the plows out of the ground
To lay out field exactly right for
tractor blowing is something of an engd-
neering feat, but the United States de-
partment of agriculture has undertaken
to simplify it much as possible. Bull
letin 1915, Laying Out Fields for Trac-
tor Flowing" contains diagrams of IS
ways of laying out fields Nine of these
are methods in which the plows are
lifted at the ends. The other four are
methods in which the plows are left in
the ground in going across the ends.
They are designed for both rectangular
and irregular fields, and ~no or another
OF them will be found adapted to prac-
hcally any piece of ground that is to be
plowed. The bulletin is free
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-30
Save Outer Garments

Outer garments which are given care
full attention wear SO much longer and
look so much better than those which
are neglected that time used in caring for
them is well spent.
The Following hints for their care are
given by home economic experts:
Hang outer garments carefully when
not in use. Plenty of rods and hangers
save space and prevent wrinkles.
Keep covers over delicate garments or
others worn only occasionally TO pro
tect against dust and rubbing.
Do not keep partly soled garments in
an unaired place. They are likely to
become discolored.
Fold carefully all garments kept in
drawers or boxes.
In putting garments away for the sea-
son, guard against wrinkling. stretching,
fading and insects. Fold so that creases
will correspond as far as possible with
the folds into which the garment fails
in use Do not allow weight to rest on
folded garments Garments of firm ma
terials may be left hanging IL care
fully covered against dust and Insects:
but sleazy materials. heavily trimmed
garments and circular skirts are likely
to be stretched out of shape by their
own weight Keep in the dark to avoid
change in cilor.
Removable and washable collars, cuffs,
and Innings save cleaning in womens
dresses, waists and coats.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-30
Boil Weevil Poisoning

Poisoning the cotton boil weevil with
dry powdered calcium arsenate prom
ises TO be perhaps the most effective
control measure yet discovered for this
tremendously destructive pest. The
United States department of agricul-
ture has been experimenting for six
years in weevil poisoning. The results
of these experiments are shortly to be
published in department Circular Ga.
Poisoning the Cotton Boil Weevil."
Its publication at this time of year is,
perhaps. fortunate. The cotton grow
ing season is over. For some months
the cotton farmer will not be harassed
and apprehensive. He will have some
leisure in which to lay his plans for
another year If he gets the circular
as soon as it is issued-and it is to be
free by writing to the department of
agriculture at Washington-he viii
have time and opportunity to study IT
thoroughly and be prepared to poison
intelligently and effectively next year.
One of the principal shortcomings OF
poisoning work during the past season
was that many farmers undertook 1t
without any definite idea of how it was
to be done. Many of them bought poi
son without having arranged for ma
chinery with which to apply it, Others
who bought both poison and busting
mach inery had failed to inform them
selves as to the proper time and method
of applying it in order to get the best
results.
The department of agriculture does
not claim that it has yet learned all
that should be known about poisoning
the cotton boil weevil, but it has esta b.
lished a number of important facts
which are clearly set forth in the cir
cular. Knowledge on the subject, how
ever, will be progressive. More will
be known next year than is known
now. Methods vary, more or less. with
local conditions, and all the informa-
ton as to these variations could not
be included in any publication that
farmers generally would have time TO
read. However, the department main
tains what is known as the Delta
laboratory at Tallulah, La. The ex-
perts in charge there are prepared to
give the individual farmer the most
specific advice possible and to aid him
by making tests of poisons and in
other ways. In addition to getting the
circular and reading it. therefore the
department urges all farmers who plan
to posin next year to communicate
with the Delta laboratory, describing
their local conditions as accurately as
possible. The farmer who does these
two things should be in position, in a
| large measure, to save his cotton from
boil weevil injury.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-30
Co-Operatice Associations

Representatives of the Alabama extern
sion service report a very general re-
Spouse to the work of organizing, among
the farmers, cooperative marketing as
sociations. The initial organization usu-
ally in county is for the marketing of
hogs, and has in the past proven most
successful but cattle, peanuts velvet
beans, fruits, truck and garden products
also lend themselves readily to the sys-
TEN of cc-operative marketing.
Down in Houston county, j. II. Wither-
/; ipgton, the farm demonstration agent,
. reports that the Ashford Cot Operative
Marketing association has just been or
ganized III that town, that a site for the
bog pens has been selected and that
scales and lumber have been ordered for
their construction. l.. Radney has been
elected sales manager, and a selection
has been made of a man for weigher
and two men to be instructed in the mat
ter of grading. Their first sale of hogs
will be on October s. Over at Cotton
wood in this same county a hog market
ing association has likewise been organ
lied, and pens and scales will be con-
structed Immediately. ]. w. Marshall
was elected president
In Escambie county the fruit and truck
growers near Atmore are contemplating
the organization of cooperative associa-
tions for shipping their products. H. H.
Williamson, the farm demonstration
agent. is assisting in the matter.
In Mobile county, w. G. Vail, farm
demonstration agent reports that CO.
operative shippers associations will
probably be organized this week in Cit
ronelle and Mobile.
In Geneva county, the Hartford Hog
Growers and Marketing association had
a combination sale of registered pigs
for breeding and of porkers for the mar
ket Thirty-nine registered pigs sold
for about $1,000 net, and the carload of
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-30
Weekly Crop Notes

F. w. Gist, field agent of the bureau
of crop estimates of the United States
department of agriculture for Alabama,
issues the following summary of general
crop conditions in the state:
The weather has continued unseason-
ably warm, with only a moderate fall of
rain. Work on farms has been prao-
tically uninterrupted, and excellent pro-
gress has been made toward competition
of harvest
Cotton picking is nearly completed in
the southern counties, while in the north
ern counties reports indicate that it is
progressing rapidly Corn has been gath
Grad to considerable extent except in
the extreme northern counties. Peanuts
are practically all gathered in the south,
where the bulk of the crop is grown, but
picking has only been done in a limited
way. The harvest of sweet potatoes has
been interferred with by the dry, hard
condition Of the soil. Sorghum syrup
is nearly all made up, while very little
sugar cane syrup has been made as yet.
The harvest of velvet beans has just be-
gun in some sections. while field peas
have not all been picked. Grass hay is
still being cut. and reports indicate large
quantities have been saved and baled.
Peanut hay will not be made ready for
consumption and market until the pick
ers get fully going.
Besides cotton the only material sur.
plusses which will be available for mar
ket will be peanuts. syrup and sweet po-
tatoes. Some counties will have corn tc
sell, while a considerable quantity OF
hay more than usual will find it's way
to market
| Except in a few counties no progress
has been made toward the sowing OF
grain for winter growth. The lack OF
rain since September has left the sol
| in poor condition for piowing. and very
little effort has been made either toward
sowing grain or breaking the ground.
| Labor is sufficient for present work
purposes on the farm. though in some
sections the fear is entertained that ar
| insufficient supply will be available fol
the next crop. In the black belt generally
better situation seems to be developing
along this line which makes the outlook
| for full cultivation more hopeful for next
| season.
| Live stock is reported in good condition
Notwithstanding the failing condition OF
pastures The organization of cooper
alive marketing facilities is spreading
over the state, and sales days are meet
ing with splendid success. The droT
in prices has slowed up the offerings OF
cattle and hogs to some extent. but the
season will probably show a large in
crease in the supply of meat placed on
the market on foot.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-30

store the bulbs in a COOL shady place
where they will ripen When the old
leaves and roots are thoroughly dry they
may be easily rubbed off and the clus-
tiers of bulbs divided The bulbs may
then be planted in the same manner as
original bulbs. In this way the stock
may be increased in a few years.
The narcissus often becomes naturalized
when planted in the sod of partial shade.
where ii will continue to grow, blossom
and multiply for many years without
any attention. Simply make a small hole
in the soil or inches deep, insert
the bulb, pointed end up. press the soil
over the top and nature will do the rest.
DO not plant in rows or rigid geometrical
figures for natural effects A good plan
is to scatter the bulb-like seeds and
plant where they fall. This method OF
planting is extensively followed in the
home grounds and parks of England and
other countries in Europe. In many OF
the older homes in America narcissuses
that were planted over half century ago
are still growing vigorously and every
spring produce bountiful displays of BIOS
SONS,
Many people prefer to have their bulbs
blossom during the winter months. TIC
do this they must be grown in pots or
window boxes, and light rich soil should
be used Place l or inches of cinders
or broken pots in the bottom of the pots
or boxes to insure good drainage. After
planting, place the pots or boxes out
of doors. Cover them with about inches
of sand or ashes, or they may be placed
in a dark, cool room or cellar for a
few weeks until the bulbs have formed .
quantity of roots. They may then be
brought into the light and heat for flow
ering Keep the soil well moistened from
time of planting. but avoid over-mois-
tening, for if kept too wet the bulbs may
decay.
Tulips and narcissus, as well as hya-
| cinths. are known generally as Dutch
bulbs because the growing and market
ing of them is one of the principal indus
tries of the Netherlands Most of the
bulbs sold by florists and seedsmen IL
the United States are imported directly
from the Netherlands.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-30
Hog Sales Popular

Ne,vlv ORGANIZED cooperative hog snip
ring associations are conducting initial
sbinments in several counties in south
Alabama with gratifying success In
Moves of the Alabama extension service
. ssisted three counties last week in mar
keting their hogs in this manner
Peterman. in Monroe county, held us
erst co-oneratiye sale on Tuesday, DC
tober IA when 46 hogs, weighing l2,3ao
hounds. were consigned to the Union
Stock Yards, Montgomery, bringing 1914
cents per pound for tops The comfnis-
sion firm purchasing this shipment or
hogs stated that 1t was one of the best
ever received since the stock yards were
established in Montgomery. there being
% head that graded No /, grading NO
q. grading No. 4, and roughs. Inc
shipment was handled by w. l.. Howard,
farm demonstration agent of Monroe
county. and p. l.. Jackson, sales man
ager of the hog association. NJ. II. Pear
SON marketing specialist of Auburn.
graded the hogs The Peternan farmers
are enthusiastic over the shipment, ana
expect to have their scales and pens
ready by their next sales day, the Dill OF
lading having already been received Re
turns from this carload OF hogs were in
the hands of the owners within IS hours
after shipment was made.
Last week the newly organized hog
shipping association at Troy conducted
it's first hog sale. attracting large
crowd for the event. The bidding was
Keen, being carried on largely by local
BUYERS The entire IS head, weighing
Is, 40 pounds, were knocked down to Cur
tia e. Jordan local buyers, at sl2.O5 per
hundred The shipment graded 80 No. !,
80 No 2, 10 No. and roughs. j. f.
Moses, farm demonstration agent of Pike
county, did the weighing and NJ II. Pear
son, marketing specialist of Auburn, dio
the grading of the hogs. Ross Rainer
cashier of the First National bank OF
Troy, is manager OF the newly organ
| lied association. and r. Spradiing, Its
secretary and treasurer.
| Down in Baldwin county, at Roberts
| dale, cooperative hog shipping asso
citation has been newly organized. It's
directors are @. Burling. r.. Killings
worth, p. d. Nixon and c. 3. Sheldon O
Fairhope. Cashier Stoddard of the loca
bang is sales manager. On wednesday
October 10, the first sale resulted in tht
purchase by local buyers of 81 head o.
hoges. weighing about 10000 pounds
bringing sl275 for the tops Fifteen o
! the shipment were graded NO. l. INT
| Alabama extension service, through IL:
| representative G. V. Stelzenmuller, farm
demonstration agent. and W. ID. Bar
ton. district demonstration agent at Au-
burn. weighed and graded the shipment
Another sale is scheduled for Bay
Minette in the near future.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-30

Before the last signs of winter disap-
pear in the spring the snowdrop lifts it's
head and from then on the bulb lover
has constant succession of blooms until
late spring No one class of flowers.
unless it is perennials, give so many
blooms with so little care. With plen-
tiful supply of both bulbs and peren-
malls, the one who loves flowers but
has little time to give to their care can
have a wealth of blooms all the Towering
season.
Two standard kinds of bulbs are the
tulip and narcissus. Both have number
less varieties which can be grown cas-
lily and successfully by the ameteur,
These bulbs should be planted in light.
rich soil that has been dug to depth
of at least 10 inches. The tulip bulbs
should be set 5 inches apart and inches
deem and narcissus bulbs about 10 inches
apart and inches deep. The best time
for planting is in October, though any
time before the grounu is frozen will do.
In the late fall or early winter months
/ it is well to cover the beds with light
mulch of straw or leaves to prevent in
Jury to the young roots from the alter
nate freezing and thawing of the SOIL.
This mulch should be removed in the
spring as soon as growth appears above
the ground The bulbs are quite hardy
and are not injured by severe cold II the
soil is well drained Tulip and narcissus
plants are perennials, and if they are
given proper care and grown on suitable
soil in good climate conditions, will in
crease and multiply from year to year.
The bulbs may be left in the ground
two or three years or until the clumps
begin to crowd.
After blossoming in the spring, from
| & IA weeks should elapse to allow the
bulb to die partially down, when the
bulbs may be lifted with spade or
fork. Shake the soil from the roots and
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-30
Lamb and Wool Clubs

Lamb and wool marketing clubs
have been in successful operation in
Tennessee for more than 25 years.
They were the outcome of unsatisfac-
tory marketing conditions in the lamb
producing sections of Tennessee. The
plan originated at 3oodletsville, where
there is a club with a membership of
so persons living within a radius II
three miles from the shipping stations,
and it's success has prompted farmers
in other sections of Tennessee to or
ganize in similar manner.
The organization of these clubs is
comparatively simple. The officers
consist of a president and secretary
treasurer. who. with three other mem
bers form an executive committee. the
chairman of which is the secretary
treasurer The annual meeting for the
election of officers is held early in the
spring. that each member may report
the number of lambs and the amount
of wool that he will have to SELL
The secretary treasurer advertises
for sealed bids on the lambs owned
by the club. The advertisement indi-
Gates the number. grade. and quality
eof the lambs and the date shipment
will be made The lambs are then
sold at the shipping point to the high
est bidder, the executive committee re-
serving the privilege of rejecting all
piuo III case lney seem 100 low. IN
the shipping date the executive com
mittee is on hand to grade the lambs
brought in by each farmer. All lambs
not UP to the advertised standard are
returned to the farmer who either
holds them over for some future ship
ment or sells them a a sacrifice Tais
has the beneficial influence of train
ing the owners to deliver only those
lambs which will come within the
grades advertised by the committee.
The day for the wool sale is adver-
tised, that bidders may be on hand to
see the fleeces, which are graded into
No. l, clear No. 2. slightly bury: No.
8 bury, and No 4. hard bury. Each
grade is weighed and sealed bids are
received by the committee. which also
reserves the privilege of rejecting all
bids.
The farmer who owns a small flock of
ewes has the same advantage in market
ing his lambs as the larger producer. Ex-
penses are made proportionate and all
receive the benefit of competitive bids.
The results are seen principally in the
better prices obtained. It is stated freely
that the club members receive from 81
to 81 hundredweight more for lambs of
the same grade and cents per pound
more for wool than farmers, in the COM
munity who have not the benefit of CO.
operative selling The members are en-
couraged to follow uniform methods in
breeding and handling their flocks, with
the result that the clubs have an estab-
lished reputation in many of the large
markets for the uniformity and high quail
ity of their lambs and wool.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1919-10-30
More Pork From South

Five years ago Mississippi marketed
only 1000 head of hogs at st. Louis, in
dicative of the decidedly limited produc-
ton of pork in that section. -Four years
later 99761 hogs were shipped during the
10 months to the same central market,
which is an accurate measure of the in
crease in popularity of pork production
during that period. During the first
three months of this year almost as
many Mississippi hogs were exported
from the state as were shipped out dur
ing the entire preceding years OF
course, the high price of fat hogs and
the need for heavy production of meat
products have accounted largely for this
increase, although much of the decided
gain in popularity of the porker has
come as the result of southern farmers
being awakened by county agents and
agricultural extension specialists to APP
preciate that the south is the ideal rails
ing ground for the hog, and these south
ern farmers have begun to capitalize
their natural resources.