Connecticut western news., 1919-04-03
P-epared by the United States Depart
 ment of Agriculture)

P-epared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture)
 It is important that engine opera tors famillariZe themselves with the bad effects produced on gas engines by cold weather and with the easiest ways of overcoming them, for with suca knowledge it is comparatively easy to start gas engine In the se- verest weather.
 The cold affects starting in three | ways: q) it makes 1t harder to crank the engine, because the oil congeals on tne bearings and around the pis- ten and valves, CD where a dry bat tccs is used 1t weakens the spark, (3) it causes gasoline to vaporize very slowly or not at all, therefore makes 1t difficult to obtain mixture of gas- oline vapor and air which can be ig- Iited by the spark. The congealing of the oil is not usu- ally very serious difficulty, although 1t may necessitate great deal more effort In cranking the engine. A lit tie gasoline or kerosene on all bear ings which can be reached will helr, uhu hOChut Ol 6dSOlAhC hh the cylinder will tend to thin the oil around the piston as we'll as aid In obtaining good mixture, as noted be. low. .. Do Not Use Kerosene.
 Kerosene will interfere with the forming of combustibie mixture. Also where gasoline or kerosene has been rv@0d nr hno @n vpra tyo nlrinu easier, the engine should not be put under load until the bearings have had time to get we'll fabricated again with good oil.
 The effect of cold on the ignition system will be noticeable only where dry cells are used, with the exception that where the engine is equipped with timer which is oileN, the con- geallng of the oil may interfere with the contact of the timer, in which casa a little kerosene or gasoline may be necessary to thin the oil. When dry cells are cold they become less ac- tive, and at extremely low tempera- ture they will cease giving current. Therefore a dry battery should be kept in a warm place during the winter when not in use, so as to be active when needed. If this has not been done 1t should be set in warm place for several minutes before attempt ing to start the motor in cold weath- CT. Never warm a battery by apply ing intense heat directly to the cells, but allow them to warm slowly. While in operation they will generate suffl. cient heat to keep them active. With cells which have been sealed in pa-- affin or other wax, care should be ex- ercised not to expose them to tenn perature high enough to melt the wax
 Cold Retards vaporlzlng.
 The most serious effect of cold weather on gas engine operation Is attributable to the fact that cold re- tards the vaporizing of the fuel. Cas- oline as a liquid will not burn; 1t must first be turned into vapor and this vapor mixed with a certain amount of air. A thin spray of gas- oline in warm air will quickly turn to vapor and mix with the surround ing mir, but at low temperatures q considerable part of such n spray will remain n liquid, hence will not make an explosive mixture. The remedy is obvious. A greater quantity of gasoline must be furnished so as to give off more vapor in order to make a mixture rich enough to be comhust- ible, or the air must be heated so the gasoline will vaporize more readily, or combination of these expedlents must be tried.
 If the weather is only moderately cold, it is usually sufficient to prime the engine in some way, that Is, in- iect a small quantity of gasoline (about a spoonfuD into the cylinder, ordinarily either through n petcock or priming plug, in order that more fuel may be present, hence more va DOT. Whenever an engine is primed, short time should be allowed for the fuel to vaporize and mix with the air before attempting to crank the engine. If this is not done the vapor will pass out little at time through the ex- haust valve as the engine is cranked, and the priming will not serve its pur- pose.
 Heat Must Be Applied.
 In very cold weather, however prim- ing with ordinary commercial gasoline will sometimes be insufficient, and leat must be applied by some means .4 Grdcr to produce vaporization of the