The sun., 1919-08-13
REVEALS PACT AS
A REAL WAR LEAGUE
oont,nued from First Page.

which no man can predict are as unreal
and shortlived az the steam or canvass
clouds, the angels suspended on wires
and the artificial lights Of the stage"
At the finish OF the riotous scene
which followed Senator Lodges last
sentences Senator Williams (Miss-)
arose to reply. He began his speech
with the remark that Senator Lodges
address had represented the effort OF
months Of preparation and he regretted
he was compelled to make IN impromptu
response, but he went on to say that
Senator Lodge was assuming a mo-
nopoly on Americanism. n this was
quite too much for the already turbu-
lent galleries. A chorus of Kisses fol-
lowed the thrust Of the Mississippian
and the vtce-President was compelled
to warn the galleries that applause
was forbidden.
Address OF n Lodge.
The address follows:
MIR. President, in the essays OF Ella,
one of the most delightful Is that entitled
Popular Fallacies.' There Is one very
popular fallacy, however, which Lamb
die not include In his list and that Ia the
common saying that history repeats it.
self. Universal negatives are always
dangerous, but II there 10 anything that
Is fairly certain, 1t Ia hat history never
exactly repeats itself. Popular fsllacies,
nevertheless. generally ave some basis,
n this saying springs from the un-
doubted truth that mankind from gen.
Grafton to generation Is constantly re-
peating itself. .
w have an excellent illustration of
this fact in the proposed experiment now
before us. Of making arrangements to
secure the permanent peace OF the world.
To assure the peace of the world by a
combination of the nations is no new
[ idea. Leaving out the leagues of antiquity
n of medieval times and going back
no further than the treaty of Utrecht, at
the beginning of the eighteenth century,
we find that at that period a project OF
9 treaty to establish perpetual peace was
brought forward in 1713 by the Able de
Saint-Pierre. The treaty of Utrecht was
to be the basis of an international sys-
tenn. A European league or Christian
republic was to be set up, under which
the members were to renounce the right
Of making war against a other n
submit their disputes for arbitration to q
central tribunal of the Allies. the de-
cisions Of which were to be enforced by
a common armament. 1 need not point
out the resemblance between this theory
and that which underlies the present
League of Nations.
at was widely discussed during the
eighteenth century. receiving much sup
port in public opinion and Voltaire said
that the nations of Europe, united by
ties of religion, institutions, and culture,
were really but a single family. The
idea remained in an academic condition
until 1871. when under the pressure OF
the French Revolution Count Kaunitz
sent out a circular letter in the name of
Leopold of Austria urging that it was
the duty Of all the Powers to make COM
mon cause for the purpose Of preserving
public peace, tranquility of States, the
i~nviolability Of possession. and the faith
OF treaties which has a very familiar
sound.
Napoleon had a scheme Of his own
for consolidating the great European
peoples and establishing a central as
eembly, but the Napoleonic idea differed
from thai of the eighteenth century, as
one would expect A single great per-
sonality dominated and lowered over all.
In 1904 the Emperor Alexander took up
the question. and urged a general treaty
for the formation of q European con-
federation.
why could one not submit to it, the
Emperor asked, the positive rights of
nations, assure the privilege of neu-
80 AAAotAN LIZ ODllBallOh VI HcNdI
beginning war until all the resources
which the mediation of a third party
could offer have been exhausted, until
the grievances Ia by this means been
brought to light, and an effort to remove
them has been made? On principles
such as these n could proceed to a
general p~aciication. and give birth to a
league of which the st~ipulations would
FORM so to speak. a new code of the
law of nations. while those who should
try TO infringe 1t would risk bringing
upon themselves the forces OF the new
Union
Aiexander's Vision Modified.
The Emperor, moved by more imme-
diately alluring visions. put aside this
scheme at the treaty Of Tilsit n then
decided that peace could best be restored
TO the world by having two all -powerful
emperors, one of the East and one of the
West. After the Moscow campaign.
however, he returned to his early dream.
Under the Influence of the Baroness Won
Krudener he became a devotee of a GER
tain mystic pietism which for some time
guided his public acts. and I think It
may be fairly said hat his liberal and
popular Ideas of that period, however
vague and uncertain. were sufficiently
genuine.
BASED upon the treaties of alliance
against France, those of Chaumont and
OF Vienna, was the Anal treaty of Paris,
of November 20, 1915. In the preamble
the signatories, who were Great Britain,
Austria, Russia and Prussia. stated thai
1t is the purpose OF the ensuing treaty
and their desire to employ, all their
means to prevent the general tranquillity
(the object Of the wishes of mankind
and the constant end of their efforts
from being again disturbed DESTROYS
moreover, to draw closer the ties which
unite them for the common interests OF
their people, have resolved to give to the
principles sOlemnly laid down in the
treaties of Chaumont of March /. 1914
and of Vienna of March 25. 1sf6, the
application the most analogous to the
present state of affairs. and to fix be.
forehand by a solemn treaty the prin.
ciples which they propose to follow In
order to guarantee Europe from dangers
by which she may still be menaced.'
Then follow five articles which are
devoted to an agreement to hold France
in control and check. based largely or
other more detailed agreements. But in
Article VI. it Is said:
""To facilitate and to secure the execu.
tion of the present treaty. and to consol.
idate the connections which at the pres.
ent moment so closely unite the foul
sovereigns for the happiness OF tn,
world, the high contracting parties hay,
agreed to renew their meeting at fixed
periods, either under the Immediate aus.
pioss Of the sovereigns themselves or bN
their respective Ministers, for the pur,