davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
Brooklyn's Rapid Transit Smash a
Warning to Manhattan.

In the complex local traction crisis
of Greater New York there are three
main interests at stake. There Is the
interest of the individuals who have
invested in the securities of the rapid
transit companies. There Is the in
terest of the Corporation of the City
Of New York, which IL also an IN
weston in the dual subway system to
the extent of more than a quarter Of
billion of dollars. There is the in
citizens, who must have rapid transit
facilities above those Of any other
centre of population. exactly as they
must have streets and sidewalks.
AS for the individual investments,
there has long been question
whether the huge capltHlizaIons of
the surface roads on both sides Of the
river would ever permit them, on a
basis Of reasonable expenses and
fares, to earn enough to go quite
around among all the bonds and all
the stocks, Under normal conditions
there has been no such question as to
the roads above the surface and un.
| der the surface. In Manhattan and
| The Bronx the old combination OF
underground and elevated roads has
been a verltable gold mine. 1t was
recognized, as Mr.. SHoNrs says, that,
with the operation of the enormously
bigger system, into which had been
| put so big an amount of both private
and municipal capital, there would be
n period of lean years until the traffic
caught up with the increased facili'
| ties. And yet the financial problem OF
| this dual system was working oui
even better than expected until higl
war costs not only shot tens of mill
ions of dollars more Into the construc
ton investment than had been esti
mated. but also increased operating
charges prodigiously, Now the Brook
Ign system cannot pay It's dividends
cannot pny It's Interest, cannot pay II.
bills. The Manhattan system Is pay
ing itS way partly out of a surplus
fund which will soon be eaten up
Then it will have to go the way of IN,
Brooklyn system.
If, therefore, the surface road prob
lem always threatened danger, the
fact that the dual system of elevated
aud underground roads could henc
straight for disaster is proof that 10
cal traction, whether in Brooklyn OF
IN Manhattan, must suffer n complct,
smash unless revenues can De raise,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
ON IA solid silver Foundation.



Never before IN the history or This FrcAt
state have 80 many OF the elect OF the
commonwealth been gathered together as
during the past few months an the
Democrats roll OF thrice blessed, They ere
those to whom our hearts cling closer than
brothers, for they have placed so.ll
foundation OF silver dollars under tho only
publication NJ i's kind between Cape cod
and the Golden Gate, From the Icy shores
of tho Great Lakes to the balmy boa hes
OF Florida; from the salmon fisheries q
Washington to the tamalas OF Nr6WLsv.Ue.
Tex. from the rocky coast OF Maine to the
sea gardens Of Catalina Island and the
orange groves OF california, tho faithful rN-
pectantly await tho weekly coming OF this
great journal ~ thought. criticism, melody
~ |. snSI,lA. sA-l vAViuy And deuteronomy.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03

spring, bringing a price OF fraction
more than 20 cents pound to the
fisherman. Three years before. when
shad was scarcer, he received only
13 cents a pound.
The Commissioner neglects to sup
ply a solution to the puzzle OF the
shad: why they seem some years to
be discouraged with the Hudson and
then evidently renew their faith In
its waters aud swim northward to-
ward the brooks where first they saw
the light He also omlts the total
number of bones contained in these
hundred tons of shad and the amount
Of money paid for them when the
walters brought them on planks.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
SEEKS REPORT ON
US. WIRE OPERATION
Senator Kellogg Proposes a
Commerce Commission
Investigation.
RECON MENDATION ASKED
Declares Cable Systems Can
Not Be Owned and Run by
Government.
ECOMMENDATION ASKED

WASHINGTON, Jan. 1.-The collateral
investigation OF conditions surrounding
the acquisition by tho Government as a
war measure OF telegraph, telephone and
cable lines. TO parallel the investigation
about to be undertaken OF the railway
problem, was proposed to-day In reso-
luton introduced by Senator Kellogg
(NIinn.)
II think" said Senator KeIl-2g. that
the time has come for constructive legls-
lation on our transportation facilities. 1
seek to have Congress Informed as to
what is necessary for the extension, de-
velopment and best operation of all these
facilities"
At once there was precipitated a dis
cussion as to the proper committee OF
reference. Senator Kelloggs resolution
proposed the Committee on Interstate
Commerce, but there developed some
sentiment in the Senate favorng It's ref
erence to tho Committee on Post Offices
and Post Roads.
The discussion had 20 be postponed
until tomorrow. The chances strongly
favor the reference to the Interstate
Commerce Committee by reason OF the
intimate relations between transporta-
ton and communications.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
IN THE EARLY DAYS.
Thomas JeffersOn's Observations on
Progress in Physics.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN--Sir. As
We emerge from the worlds greatest
war. in which the airplane took such n
conspicuous part. 1t is interesting to
note that the development was fore
Swallowed in letters OF Thomas Jeffer-
son while American Minister to France
in 1885. In letter to r. lizard, dated
at Paris in September. 1885. he says:
There seems n possibility that the great
dasideratum in the use OF the balloon may
be attained. There are two persons who
are pushing the matter. They arc able to
rise and fall at will. without eNpending
their gas. and they can defect As degrees
from the course OF the wind.
4 few days later and on October .
he wrote 10 James Madison. answering
some inquiries OF the latter In reference
TO a new fire engine developed in Paris.
and then adds this paragraph
] went some t.Ins ago TO see a machine
which offers something new. A man had
applied to light boat @ very large screw.
the thread of which was n thin plate. two
feet broad. applied by the edge spirally
round n small axis. IT somewhat resem-
hied a bottle brush. II you will suppose
the hairs OF the bottle brush Joined to-
gether ana FORMING spiral piano. Thls
turned on is axis in the cir, carried the
vessel across tho Seine. II Is, in fact. a
screw which takes hold OF tho air and
draws itself along by H. losing. indeed
much of It's EFFORT by the yielding nature
OF the body 1t lays hold OF to pull Itself
on by. think It may be applied in the
water with much greater effect, and "a
very useful purposes. Perhaps II may be
used also for the balloon.
This anticipated tho screw propeller
Gs3s) by practically half a century
and clearly foreshadowed the whole
hydroplane and aircraft development
which reached so high a point duT.as
the war. BENJAMIN S. DEAN.
JAMESTOWN, January 2.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
YALE RESUMES OLD COURSES
Reserve onccrs' Training !. ne
ytved With 100 StudcutS.

New HAvEN, Jan. ".--Ta,e T0l,s
resumed its courses to-day under
organized plan which includes ~ Co.,
81 the select course in ShemcII e0er
school, lcug'heniug OF the s'.o.' '
school courses TO four years f.
formity with the college, and the Or
ger OF the graduate school ut ar o.
sciences and Of applied science an'
Guccrinc under ON" dean, A, "-'.
laVr not been completed.
courses In economies and pl' a7-
heretofore optioual a~r now r"1H
Tho II. q. T e., requiring thrc" h"."
practical and three hours tN"o-t'
work in artillery training, has b''" -'
Iivci, with 100 mon.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
The French Interests In Syria.

The first statement since the armiS-
ticc regarding European intentions in
Turkey which may be considered as
bearing the marks of official author
lty was the recent declaration OF
Frances interests by STEPHEN
PICHoS, the French Foreign Minis
ter, in the Chamber Of Deputies. He
said that the French rights in Ar
menia, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine
were incOutestable, that while the sub
ject was one with which the Peace
Conference was at liberty to deal, 1--WE
consider our rights are fully estab-
lished by our agreements with Great
Britain
While the existence OF an agree
mcnt between the two nations most
keenly interested in the Ottoman En-
pire Is thus acknowledged there is
nothing that clearly defines the char
| acter Of the interests which France
and Great Britain will seek. There
! Is apparently careful avoidance Of
such words as colonization, spheres Of
influence or even protectorate except
rs II is used regarding a demand for
protection made by the Armen!ans
themselves. The suggestion is made
that since the French have defined
their rights as along the Mediter-
ranean coast the British control was
to be operative to the eastward. In
other words, Great Britain was to
have the chief responsibility ~ the
disposition of much of the southern
portion of the Ottoman Empire, of
the region east OF Aleppo, OF Mesopo-
tanLa, and of Arabia with the excep-
ton of the kingdom of Hedjaz.
The basis of the French claims IN
Syria Is unquestionably the oldest of
any made by European nation. The
title of Protector Of Oriental Chris
tians was conferred upon the French
kings by the Pope, on account Of
Frances activity In the Crusades,
Small states were founded by French
mobiles who took part in the Crusades
there were, in fact, four French states
in Syria ut the time Of the Crusades,
the kingdom of Jerusalem, the county
OF Odessa and the principaiities uT
counties of Antioch and Tripoli. For
many years the Porte bestowed the
name Frank upon all Europeans
whatever was their nationality. II
was to these conditions that NJ
PIcHoN referred when he spoke OF
the French claim as based upon This.
torlc Conventions"
But France has modern claim
upon Turkey. Perhaps fully half OF
the great national debt of the Otto
man Empire before the beginning OF
the war, a debt estimated then nj
81 ,OO0, 900, 600, represented money ad
vanced by French financiers. Except
ing the pilgrimage road to Medina
Syria had been financed by the
French. France furnished the CAPT
tai to establish most of the successful
Industries, notably the Lebanon Sill
factories, and the products OF these
industries were sent to France.
II IS these very evident and I'm
portant considerations that make the
future of Syria matter Of such deel
concern TO France. They represent L
her the leading factors IN the NeaI
East question and the rea sons for he,
strong inSstence upon paramount
interest In this portion OF the Turk
igl Empire
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
Governor Whltman's Four Years
OF Service.


Governor WHITMAN now returns to
the practice Of a profession wherein
his ability is widely recognized and
his continued distinction assured. If
the new year is not for him exactly
what he and his friends had hoped
it to be, 1t must be said. at least, that
grace of good loser; and in politics
the good loser shares with the good
winner the sincere admiration Of the
great and highly observant Ameri-
can public.
With the single exception Of BEN
JAMIN Il. ODELL, for more than a
quarter OF century no Governor of
the Empire State has held the Office
so long as Mr.. WHITMAN did; and
with the two exceptions of WILLIAM
L. MARCY and DAVID b. HILL, there
has been no Governor whose tenure
has exceeded that of Mr.. WHITMAN
since DE WITT CLINTON. a hundred
years ago
Underlying all partisan consldera-
tions there Is on the part OF our peo-
pie a strong and persistent feeling vi
opposition 20 experiments in the way
of too long continued rule by any in.
dividual, no matter how honest, no
matter how able. This traditional Oh.
lection to third terms proceeds from
a principle very near TO the heart of
the American system; and 1t applies
10 the Chief Magistracy Of the State
as well as to the Executive head OF
the Federal Government.
In running for reelection last No
vember Governor WHITMAN not only
ran against an extremely popular
Democrat and in n year when the
chances of the swing of the pendulum
were for his opponent, but he also
invited the adverse force of the anti
third term sentiment which manifests
itself so surely and effectunlly when
ever 1t is challenged. In this factor
and in Governor WHITMAN's attitude
with regard to the prohibition amend
ment 10 the Federal Constitution
there is sufficient explanation of hi:
defeat without seeking for q record Of
inadequacy or failure In the actua
performance Of his executive dutie:
at Albany.
Now that the asperities Of the re
cent contest are smoothed down ant
the prospect Of contest over tn,
election figures is removed, it Is likel!
that the political foes will unite will
the political friends of Governo
WHITMAN in giving him credit for ,
generally sound and efficient admins
p rration of the affairs OF the Stat,
during the past four years; particu
larry efficient, We may add, where tn
need was most urgent, namely, will
regard to New York's participation
In war measures and her share O
war responsibilities. He will be re
membered as n War Governor who
like Governor EDWIN D. MORGAN, hal
a century before him. did his dut,
fully and energetIcally in this i'm
portant respect.
We believe that the good will o
his fellow citizens accompanies Coy
ernor WHITMAN on his return to tn
activities Of private life, and tina
there is general recognition Of tn
merit of his public services.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
Georgia Philosophy.

From the Albany Herald.
Some fellows think they are IN luck only
when they have more money than they
know what to do with. Thers are others
who consider themselves lucky as long as
they are out Of jail.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
ENTERTAINMENTS FOR
SOLDIERS.

Oa-,cs-w G. c. 6. Unit 40 & s:NU
fourth street and Central Park We {
= 81 columbia hoathouse, foot o. "ss'
''sth street. +, NJ. Dancing. poo -"
trinity church, 1-cd street and Lemon rrt
mo. $50 l., NJ. Mount Morris. RoT'T
church. flfth avenue and l27th s'ra'' y
L. NJ midnight.
Professions, Entertainment .-- H',s-a .'-
Community House CIV. G. c. s. ruit
So, MFcrsit e Park and NInety sever
street L. NJ.
Service and Social Hour-w. e.,
Unit 10. 80 O.. NJ, II; Az, Lex.nEtva a'"
nGN md Ninety second street. 8 Y.
british Dhy--I,s fRvette Club for SN''''-'
and sailors tW. {. {. S. Unit No 3.
East L!ghty-seventh street. s to II l. ''
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03

AS deldded gang of thieves as
could possibly he conceived must have
been the gang that made away with
the former Kaiser's collection of uni
forms. Nothing would require more
making over to At the present state
OF things than these trappings Of
imperialism.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
Text of Resolution.

AAc hCalpbb AN<NClulicii AOAIp"Ss
Resolved, That the Committee on In
terstate Commerce be and is hereby
instructed and directed to investigate
the subjects listed hereafter and re-
port to the Senate of the United States
its findings and conclusions thereon,
at the same time recommending such
legislation as II may deem necessary
and advisable:
l. Assumption by the Government OF
tho supervision, possession. control or
operation Of any or all OF the tele-
graph. telephone, marine cable and
radio systems.
2. Tho future ownership. supervi-
sion. possession. control or operation
OF any or all OF said systems by the
Government.
3. The conditions under and the ex-
tent TO which any or all OF the said
systems should be permitted to be
consolidated, and authority therefor,
4. Effect OF the so-called Sherman
antitrust act upon tho consolidation
of marine cable systems extending TO
foreign countries and the ACCESSIBILITY
of modifying said act
g. Necessity for the extension OF
marine cable systems TO foreign coun-
tries and the effect thereof upon the
commerce Of the United States
g. The sutlicency of the telegraph,
TENS to meet the business needs OF the
United States.
All other subjects pertinent to the
general question OF Government own
erSh!p, supervision, possession, con-
troll and operation OF any or all tele-
graph, telephone, marine cable and
radio systems.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03

Our soldiers bored by month on the
Rhine. Headline.
Many conscientious American
tourist who has been lured to he
stream by the literature OF the ov,'-
worked scenic press agent was borea
In much less time than month.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
The Sun Calendar.
THE WEATHER.

For eastern New York. snow IN IN.
terror, snow or rain on the coast to-dsy
colder; tomorrow fair and much colde~
Increasing northeast winds.
For New Jersey--Snow In interior; snow
or rain on tho coast today. colder; tcmor.
northeast winds.
For northern New England-snow TO-DAY
and probably tomorrow, colder; increasing
north and east winds.
For southern New Ensland--Snov "a
day followed by clearing to-morrow colder
For western New York--Probably stn,
to-day and tomorrow. colder
WASHINGTON. Jan. 2.--Ths most pro.
nounced and widespread cold wave tnu'
st e.. Pans "a. dSf TSSF
ley and the Gulf States The temperature
u as low as freezing as far south rs the
In upper Mississippi and Missouri valleys
The lowest temperature Thursday evening
vas rs degrees below zero at Devils Lake
\. ID. The weather has become consldera-
ably colder In tho Eastern States. bu; high
temperatures continue on tho south Allan.
throughout tho Atlantic states, rains and
SHOWS In the Gulf States and Tennessee
and snow 6urrles in the region OF the Great
Lakes and the north Rocky Mountain re.
gion. The Indications are that disturb
ance that Is now developing on tho south
Atlantic coast will move northeastward ard
increase In intensity and be attended FRI.
day by rains IN the south Atlantic S'a'e.
and rain changing TO snow in tho m!dd a
Atlantic and New England states AMI ~
followed by clearing weather In these re-
gions on saturday. Local SHOWS ave as'
probable In this region o. tho Great AZ =
and the upper Ohio Valley. Decided o."
colder weather will overspread the cas-
and southeast States during Friday n1t
Saturday and cold weather viii conuru" n
the great central valleys through Satl-.
day. storm warnings arc disp,alcd on 80
Atlantic coast from Boston TO cape Hat
teras.
Dissertations NJ Inlted Sthtes Meathor Eu.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03

With the promise OF a cold wave.
a milk famine and eight cent fares,
peace isn't everything.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
Says L. s. Cannot Own Cables.

Discussing the resolution Senator Kel-
logg said:
one thing Is sure-no one will pre-
tend that the cable lines can be owned
and operated by the Government. Mr..
Burieson will not insist on this as a per-
manent policy. lie is too intelligent, in
my opinion. and too well informed to
make any such plans. A question OF the
most vital Importance to the American
people and TO the development of our
foreign commerce is the extension of the
cable lines. All | want to say now on
this IS that they should he extended to
Norway. Sweden. Denmark, o'.ssia.
Italy and. most important of al. TO
Brazil and Argentina IN South America.
'1he extent to which the Government
should permit the consolidation of tcle-
phone. telegraph and cable systems is a
most important question. Manlfestly
some consolidation under Government
control would be OF advantage 10 the
people. At least the problem should be
considered and settled. 1t Is n serious
question whether the duplication OF tele-
phone lines. especially. Is wise and there
are questions about the consolidation of
tho ca BILE lines which l hope the Senate
will develop"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03

The first duty of u. r. T. receiver
We suppose, is to buy few thousand
new straps.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03

The New Year--Gcel They ara making
as big welcome FOR me as for tho re-
turning vets
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03

When in Rome, tell the Romans
what you want them to do.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-01-03
LOCAL WEATHER RECORDS

The temperature IN this city Yesterday
as recorded by the offlclal thermOmeler, 10
shnLun In the anneNnl tahLe:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-12-21
Church Peace Union
Urges Ratification

The Church Peace Union made pub
lie yesterday resolution adopted at the
annual meeting of the trustees, Thurs
day, urging the Senate to compose its
differences on treaty reservations and
decide during the Christmas season on
basis of ratification.
we have weighed the reservations
proposed by Senator Lodge for the For
eign Relations Committee and by Sena-
tor Hitchcock for the Administration, ;"
the resolution reads in part
eve can see no insuperabIe difficulty
to arriving at q common understand ng
between these two points Of view which
will be honorable to the United States
and acceptable to all the nations par
in the league.
1--WE, therefore, urge the Senate of the
United States to reconcile it's differences
and ratify the peace treaty and the GOV
enant of the league of nations, to the
end that the world may turn to the
great constructive tasks that lie imme-
diately before it,"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-12-21
Berlin Sends Delegates
To Put Treaty in Effect
Commissioners Reach Paris
Council Discusses German
Ambassador to Austria

PARIS, Dec. 20.-The first section of
ire German commits ion int~usted with
preparations for putting the peace
treaty into effect arrived here this
morning. The Supreme Council dis
cusSed to-day the desire of Germany
to send an ambassador to Austria.
where the Allies are represented by
ministers only. No decision was
reached. but the feeling of the council
was that Germany should not be al
lowed to send diplomatic officer to
Vienna who would outrank representa-
lies OF the Allied and associated powers.
Refusal of the Hungarian govern
ment to recognize money issued under
the Bella Kun regime, forced upon the
Allied nations at par. also was dis
cussed oy the council. The present
hungarian government accepts this
paper at onc-third it's face vaue. A
decision on the question was deferred
until Monday.
The council also considered the de-
rand of the Polish government that
ne ne Germans guilty. of crimes against
the laws of war in Po'and be sur
rendered to Polish authorities.
5 me apprehension existed TODAY
lest the council would not be alb q to
comp etc its unfinished work hefore
Christmas.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-12-21

WASHINGTON, Dec 90 (By The AS
ISOLATED Press Two new moves for
the formal establishment Of peace, one
ratification of the treaty and the
other without, were the a~en~ les which
zeopened the fight among the divergent
elements Of Senate membership. Neither
propose got anywhere, but it generally
was conceded that the days work wou d
help bring to focus early in January
the trend of Senate opinion toward
some sort of settlement
Privately, the mi d reservation;st"
group expressed much dissatis faction
with the days developments and made
pans to go ahead doterminedly with
their efforts for a bipartisan agreement
on reservations. They protested to
tt cir party leaders against tie K-ox
resolution and indicated that they had
been prepared to support the Under
wood proposal if Senator Lodge had not
blocked a vote on it.
Senator Underwood, in presenting
his resolution, made plea for active
work toward a compromise during the
Christmas recess. declar ng the coun.
try demanded peace and that it had
been demonstrated that little progress
in that direction could be made in the
open Senate. He suggested that the
Vice President in naming the ten con-
ferees should act on the advice of