davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05

both b r q i n s and
beauty have ever
plucked a peach. in
the garden of Mat
rimony?
Verify, verify. it is
not given unto one
woman to possess
both happiness and
opinions; both real
love and real logic;
both + e a S 0 n i n &
powers and roman
tic devotion!
peradventure a
plain woman may
overcome her hand :
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05

Denv"r hnri1 -Cattle-Reccipts
500 Market steady. Reef steers,
I$12 F0GD1G.50: cows and heifers - r
n - so; stockers and feadcrs, $500
|14.75: calves, s11.50m13.5O.
Receipts 400. Market steady.
To0. $500. bulk. S1950d19.cn.
Sheep-Receints 6 ONn 7f""'-ot
weak to lower Lambs. $1S.SO@19.GO;
ewes, S14.000145O.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05

Jules Cambon. former French am
hassador at Washington, and one of
the foremost figures in French af-
fairs, horn "A years ago today.
Winchell Smith. author of "Turn to
the Right" and other popular plays,
born at Hartford, Conn, As years ago
today.
John A. Aasgaard, president of
Concordia college, Moorhead. Mimi.
born at Albert Lea, Mimi, 43 years
ago today
A. Lincoln Filene, prominent Bos-
ton merchant and civic leader, born
in Boston, "a wears ago today.
Joseph Stecher one of the hest
known Of professional wresters. born
at Dodge, Neb., 26 years ago today.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05
WATCH THEIR STEPS.

The next presidential campaign will
bring one issue that will dwarf all
others. Straight from loyal hearts will
come demand for adherence to
Americanism in all our policies. And
from dreamers and drifters with
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05
Erneoe CITY, Livestock

Kansas City. Anrjl 4.--Cattlc-Ro-
ooints 1900. Market slow. Steers,
S9.8501 1926; cows and hoifnrs sc 20
D15.15: calves, $9.75@135O; stock
ers $S.40m15,&6,
Hogs = Receipts 5000 Market
steady. Feavies. $t9.96a %. m. lights,
$19OO019.S5; pigs, $1G.OO@1900.
Sheep--Recaipts mono. Market
etoadv Ta'nhs, $171O@2O.25; ewes,
l$1O.5OM1S.OO.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05
Two Minutes Of Optimism
By HERMAN j.. STITCH.
BY HERMAN J. STITCH

winning combination. The chap that
can't be downed or frowned into quit
ting is pretty sure to turn the trick.
Substitute q backbone for a wish
bone-its the only way to heap hay
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05
Only Why 10 Col Him

One rough worshipper of the Rough
Rider said on hearing of the manner
of his death: Even grim old death
had to slim. upon him while he was
asleep. savanna News.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05
Arc YOu Happy?

To be happy you mtst be we'll. II
you are frequently troubled with con-
stipation and Indigestion you cannot
be altogether happy. Take Chamber
lain's Tablets to correct these dis
orders. They are prompt and effect
uai, easy and pleasant to take.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05
NEW YORK COTTON.

New York, April 4.-Cotton futufcs
closed steady. May old 24.SO, now
1870; July old 22.75 new 1898; Oc-
tobor old 2OSG. new 21.30; December
new 20.S4; January new 20.7G.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05

New York Arri1 A--Coppcr-Quict,
Electrolytic 15H 7151@c.
Iron and Notwithstanding
Lead-Steady. Spot and May, $500
65.25.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05
KANSAS CITY PRODUCE.
NEW YORK METALS.

Kansas City. Anril 4-Buttor, eggs
and poultry unchanged.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05
Todav's Anniversaries.

1S19-The Miss onary Society of the
NJ. E. church was organized in
New York city
1SS6-John O'Brien, who became a
famous actor under the name
of John T. Raymond. born in
buffalo, n. Y. Died in Evans
vile, Ind, April 10. 1887.
1SG5--First National Unitarian con-
vention met in New York CITY
1SG9-Daniel Frederick Peakman. the
last surviving soldier of the Rev
olution on the pension list. died
in aCttaraugus county, n. Y,
AGED 100 years.
1S70--M0rmons in mass meeting in
Salt Lake City protested against
the interference of congress
with polygamy.
1SS5-Prince and Princess of Wales
(King Edward and Queen Alex
andra( left London on a visit
to Dublin.
1S94-Coxey's Army, 600 strong,
reached Homestead, Pa.
1915-FnitPd states demanded repar-
alton from Germany for sink
ing the William<P. Frye
191G-British reported severe defeat
for the Turks below Kut-el-
Amara.
1917-House of representatives passed
resolution declaring state of
war with Germany.
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1919-04-05

at Vladivostok.
Germans reached Albert Amiens
railway but were driven back.
Canadian government announced a
work or fight order to apply to all
males between 1G and GO.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
This pay Of EnIiahtenment.

In the generous spirit of our time,
and the broad catholicity Of this hour,
we cultivate no resentment, and har-
Dor no revenges. We remember Great
Britain not as the land Of George the
Third and Lord North, but as the coun-
try of Shakespeare and Milton, Of
Chatham and Burke, Of Gladstone and
John Bright. With the same language
and lineage, we no longer settle our
difficulties by the bloody issue of war,
but by peaceful arbitration, and are
rivals only in the race for better CIV
iIization and its beneficent results. We
Of the North and our Southern breth-
rem are united in strengthening, en-
Iarging and perpetuating the republic.
We hopefully await the time when the
1eaven Of liberty from America shall
have regenerated the political condi-
ton of every race Chauncey M. De-
pew.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17

army, but 1 am convinced that It Ia
useless and wicked to fight against
the lawful sovereign. ! was charged
this morning to take this dispatch to
Dobbs Ferry. have brought 1t to
you"
The general turned again to the dis
patch. There was Washington's
handwriting his signature. Then
he looked anew at the dispatch
rider. Then he probed Patton with
cross questions, all of which the man
answered satisfactorily. Then the
general sat looking at him with an
expression on his face which plainly
said: 'Dare trust your
young man." he said presently,
looking up with a crafty eye. "You
can do your king a great service.
will give you a dispatch for General
Howe, commanding in New York. Go
back with it to this rebel, Washington,
and tell him you chased messenger
Of mine and took it from him. Will
you do this?"
''You ask too much, general. was
met and questioned by q party of
American horsemen just outside your
lines. Seeing that could not, give
them good reason for not being on
the road to Dobbs Ferry, put spurs
to my horse and got away from them.
To go back to General Washington
would be to go to halter. But this
] will do. Give me the kings uniform
and the dispatch. will approach the
American lines, and on being seen
will turn and run, dropping the dis.
patch on the way, for them to pick
up"
him." said the general, thoughtful;
~, Il am disappointed that you can't
adopt the plan I propose. However,
your refusal to do so convinces me
that you have told me the truth and
have turned to our side. If you can
work the plan you suggest it may
serve the same purpose"
At nine o'clock that night George
Patton rode up to the ferryman at
Communipaw and as courier from
the general commanding at Elizabeth,
demanded to be taken OF once across
to General Howe at New York.
Patton, stating that he had orders
to return at once to Elizabeth, -e-
crossed the ferry, and at daylight the
next morning rode up to the Acaeri-i
can pickets at Morristown. He was
recognized and permitted to go to
Headquarters. He found General
washington up and giving his aide,
Capt Alexander Hamilton, memoran-
ola upon which to write the commune
cations for the day. Washington, see
ing Patton in the uniform Of British
trooper, looked at him in astonish-
ment. The young man gave him an
account of his doings as it has been
given here, following it up by an ex-
PLANTATION of what had probably been
accomplished.
Washington, DESTROYS of making
transposition of his forces between
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17

Morristown and the Hudson in order
to distract the eIemy's attention, had
sent by Patton communication that
he was about to attack certain Brit
ish troops in the neighborhood OF
Trenton. The general commanding at
Elizabeth gave Patton a dispatch to
General Howe, intended for Washing
ton, stating that the troops at Tren-
ton were without arms and ammuni-
ton and practically defenseless. At
the same time he ordered large por-
ton of his force there. General Howe,
on receipt of the dispatch, ordered
troops on the Jersey coast hurried to,
Trenton. The consequence of this
secret service diplomacy was that
Washington made his transfers be-
tween Dobbs Ferry and Morristown
without being disturbed.
When the dispatch rider had fin
ished his account Washington said to
him:
''Your riding into the enemy's lines
as deserter was an exhibition of
splendid nerve; your refusal to bear
a message back to me was stroke
of genius. Had you agreed, it would
have shown conclusively that you We're
a spy, seeking to deceive and gather
information. You are the champion
secret service rider in this or any
other army"
sAnd the champion liar" added
Captain Hamilton.
"Given a spy" said Patton, smiling,
''and bad liar, and the result is
scaffold."
Copyright. 1919. by Western Newspaper Union)
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
A Total Loss.

A colored patient beside me In the
hospital seemed to brood and brood
over the fact that the Germans had
got" him. His commander had or
dered him to charge nest of Boche
machine guns alone and they shot him
in three places as he started toward
them.
'But Ah'll sho git even with dem
TO waht dey dun to me-"
''Well, old man." comforted, "you
did your duty. Too bad you couldn't
get them, though. But
whats dat you say?" he interrupt
ed me. Couldn't git deml Why, msn
alive, dem Chumans walnut no trouble
a-tall-but nah best razah am COM
pletely busted up Judge.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Thin PEOPLE
SHOULD take
PHOSPHATE
Nothing Like Plain Bitro-Phosphate
to Put on Firm, Healthy Flesh and
to Increase Strength, Vigor
and Nerve Force.

Judging from the countless preparations
and treatments which are continually be-
ing advertised for the purpose of making
thin people fieshy, developing arms, neck
and bust, and replacing ugly hollows and
angles by the soft curved lines of health
and beauty, there are evidently thousands
of men and women who keenly feel their
excessive thinness.
Thinness and weakness are often due
to starved nerves. Our bodies need more
phosphate than is contained in modern
foods Physicians claim there is nothing
that will supply this deficiency so we'll as
the organic phosphate known among drug
gists as phosphate, which is mex
pensive and is sold by most all druggists
under guarantee of satisfaction or money
back. BY feeding the nerves directly and
by supplying the body cells with the nee
essary phosphoric food elements, bitro-
phosphate should produce a welcome
Transformation in the appearance: the in
crease in weight frequently being aston
fishing.
Increase in weight also carries with it
g. general Improvement in the health.
Nervousness, sleeplessness and lack of
energy, which nearly always accompany
excessive thinness, should disappear, dull
with the bloom of perfect health.
CAUTION: - Although bitro-phosphate
Is unsurpassed for relieving nervousness,
sleeplessness and general weakness. 1t
should not, owing to its tendency to In
crease weight, be used by anyone who
does not desire to put on flesh.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
GATHERED FACTS

The major portion of the population
in Tampa, Fla, are employed in the
cigar factories there.
Over 100000 workmen are en-
ployed by the over 1900 firms affiliated
with the Federation Of British Indus
tries.
The United States exports more
chemicals and dyes to Japan than any
other country in the world. This is
exclusive Of crude nitrate of soda,
which comes first direct from Chilp.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17

The Peruvian postmaster general
has been authorized to ask for ten
ders from several European and Amer
lean firms for the establishment of
aerial routes for transportation of
mail, passengers and freight. 1t is
proposed to establish service be-
tween Tarma and Iquitos, and to ex-
tend this service to other sections Of
the montana If it proves satisfactory.
During January, 1919, the prevail
Ing wage for farm labor in Egypt was
40 cents a day. The prewar wage was
about 1917 cents q day.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Where Danger Turks.

There is one American sergeant in
France who is still uncertain whether
or not he gets a wound stripe.
He had gone forward in the charge
against machine-gun nests and shrap-
mel without receiving a mark. Then,
says the Stars and Stripes, the time
came to halt and dig in. While at this
place he attempted to open some con-
densed meat, and the can exploded
and injured his right hand.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Patriotism.

"You have never shouldered arms
and marched away in obedience to
your country's call, have your
NO"
'sYou admit that you haven't cast a
vote for 20 years?"
"What's the use of voting? I've
never heard of an election yet where
one vote would have changed the re-
suit"
'The papers have accused you Of
being a tax dodger. If they have lied
about you why don't you sue them for
libel?"
ST don't consider it is anybody's
business whether / pay taxes or not.
Taxes are too high in this country
anyhow
.Yet you claim to be patriotic.
don't see where you patriotism comes
in"
'sYou don't? want you to under
stand that hang out one Of the big
gest flags to be seen in this street on
the Fourth of July"
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
A Republic Of the World
By James A. Edgerton
sotsbt

When our deathless Declaration
Brought a new land into birth,
It was not alone a nation
1t conferred upon the earth
But 1t added to the glory
OF that fair, immortal page
The first chapters of the story
OF a new and golden age.
Over this achievement real,
That the eyes of all might see,
1t erected an ideal
OF humanity made free;
1t set up for all the races
The same goal that 1t had won
And it bade them turn their faces
To the rising of the sun.
Since that time the generations
OF mankind are growing free,
While the progress of the nations
Keeps in step with Liberty;
New republics are the fashion,
OF our own design and plan,
Burning with the sacred passion
OF the brotherhood of man.
What though now the lands king
ridden
ALI are weltering In gore,
Freedoms light cannot be hidden
BY the clouds and wrack of war;
For, from out its devastations,
A new flag may be unfurled
OF Union of the nations,
A Republic of the World.
Herein lies the deeper meaning
OF the many in the one:
IT'S a lesson for the cleaning
OF all lands beneath the sun.
Racial rivers coalescing
Here commingle and increase.
So all earth may find the blessing
Born of union and of peace.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
American Nobel Prize Winner.

-Four Americans have been honored
by receiving the Nobel prizes. The
first of the recipients was Theodore
Roosevelt, who received the peace
prize in 1906, and in 1912 the peace
prize was awarded to Elihu Root. In
1912, also, DR.. A. Carrel received the
Nobel prize In medicine, while L. w.
Richards wss the recipient of the
prize in 1914 for notable work in chem-
istry.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17

Bobby had been petted. cajoled,
pleaded with, scolded. and during
all of it trained in his part of
ring bearer at this sisters wedding
The ceremony took place out of doors
and piece of muslin had been stretch
ed as path for the wedding party.
Bobby's slippers We're new, and as he
reached the last step he slipped and
both the lily and the ring flew from
his hand Bobby sat up and In an 81
treating voice audible to all the guests
said: 'Now, won't get any pink Ice
cream?
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
a DIpIomatic Illness.

I'm afraid you were not as sick as
you allowed US and perhaps yourself
to think" said the patient mother.
But" answered young son, ut may
be that acted for the best. didn't
know my lesson as well as I ought to
and didn't want to worry the teach
err"
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
The MISREPRESENTATION Day.

Gentlemen remarked Mr.. Nus
poppe, to group Of friends, Il owe
my advance in the world to the collie"
slow is thatY asked bis bachelor
neighbor.
swell, you see 1 used to be nothing
but poor shirt salesman in depart
ment store, but since the baby came
/ have become floor walker"
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Pretty Old.

Bacon This paper says although
ridiculed as a craze it is scientific
fact that sour milk conduces to lon
gevity.
Egbert--I guess that's right. /
tasted some sour milk today, and, be-
lieve me, it was right in the longev-
ity cIass.-Yonkers Statesman.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
In DAYS to Come.

"Are you sure this airplane service
Of yours is safe?' inquired the timid
passenger.
.Ts it safer" echoed the manager.
"Why, we sell Communication tickets !''-
Life.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
HIGHLY IMAGINATIVE.

'The notes Of the deep-voiced frogs
out yonder suggest Wagnerian music
to me.''
"They aren't all deep-voiced. Some
Of it is pollywogneran music"
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
cutIcura for PimpTy Faces.

To remove pimples and blackheads
smear them with Cuticura Ointment.
Wash off in five minutes with Cuti-
cura Soap and hot water. Once clear
keep your skin clear by using them for
daily toilet purposes. Don't fail to in.
clude Cuticura Talcum.-Adv.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17

'Did mother accept you the first
time yea proposed to her, daddy?"
1.-The very first time," replied Dad.
Il never had second chance for my
alfe.n
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Turkeys Draft Limit.

German--I hear that they are rails
ing the draft limits in Turkey?
Norman-Yes; the draft will now
include all males having from eigh-
teen to forty-fve wives.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Affinity.

I'VE read that d hen has adopted .
litter Of pigs. A possible explanation
Of this is the natural intimacy be-
tween. ham and eggs. Charlotte
News.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Not That Sort.

SIS your husband an inveterate
smoker?"
mo, he just smokes the ordinary
five-for-a-quarter kind"
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
PAINFUL APPRECIATION.

'What shall we enact tonightT"
asked Huntington Roarer, the eminent
tragedian.
''How about Hamlet? said his lead
Ing lady.
mo. During our last performance OF
Hamlet the audience of four not only
showed keen delight in seeing the
members of my company die in the
general slaughter which concludes that
celebrated drama, but they acted as II
they hoped we'd stay dead."-Birming-
ham Age-Herald.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
In Other pavs.

First Mermaid-What is all the rack
ct about?
Second Ditto-Oh, only those sirens
on the rocks blowing about the ship
load of men coming in.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Fl,Nnq Match.

''Quite fitting romance, wasn't ity"
"What wasp
''That Of the young credit man who
fell in love with the pretty cash girl"
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
ExnIainina II.

81 heard Mabel Boosting the other
day that she had so many social con-
nections."
$50 she has. She works in an up
town telephone exchange"
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Work Clothes.

The Boss-All we have for you is a
Job as night Waterman. How soon
can you go to work at it?
Mr.. Torporson-Just as soon as ]
can 60 home and get my pajamas.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17

.dered himself and asked to be taken
to the British general. There he pro-
-duced his dispatch, which the general
read eagerly.
what does this mean?" he asked,
looking up at Patton.
ut means, general, that have been
a dispatch rider in the American
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17


Communication between Morristown
and Dobbs Ferry was maintained by
dispatch riders who travelled in line
between the two points through
Orange.
One day George Patton, one of these
messengers, stood in Washingtons
private office at his Morristown head
quarters. (Any visitor may see the
room today just as it was then, on the
northwest corner of the building.)
Washington, sitting at his desk
turned and handed Patton a dispatch,
saying:
81 wish you could contrive to let
this dispatch fall into the hands of
the enemy. Further, / would like in
formation of their movements when
they receive it, though admit don't
expect such information. At any rate,
after leaving Orange you might pre-
tend to have lost your way, taking a
Southerly direction between Newark
and Elizabeth, where the enemy's
outposts are located. Twill give you
the best horse in the command. You
may contrive to drop the dispatch
let them pick it up and escape. This
is only suggestion you must, of
course, be governed by circumstances. :
That afternoon George Patton, in
stead of following his commanders
suggestion, rode boldly up to Brit
fish outpost near Elizabeth, surren-
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Trxinu II AGAIN.

j. P.-John Smith, do you take this
woman to be your lawfully welded
wife, for better or for worse?
j. S.-For better.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
A POOR INVESTMENT.
PearIy Teeth.

PearIy Teeth.
Biggs-Well, say, her teeth are like
pearls, aren't they?
Riggs Well, you ought to see how
pleased she is when she finds 'em in
oysters i''-London Answers.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17

"The cashier said he could clear up
the muddle In his books"
s'Well, did he?"
"No; he cleared out"
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17

OVERRIDING a matter is no more
thoroughness than UNDERGOING it.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17

do you think this poem Of mine
win liver" 1T ought to. It's the good
that die Young. ANSWERS.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Your
Eyes

Your Druggists or by mail Coo per Bottle.
For Book 81 the Eye free write his
-urine Eye Remedy Co.. Chicago.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
on. Mani
WENT HOME HUNGRY.

A man vii, oft bewail the shames
That flourish meath the sun,
Sweetly oblivious to the fact
That he himself is one.
Boston Transcript
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
Uncle Ehen.

Uncle Eben.
ssDe man dat has de best Of an argu-
ment," said Uncle Eben, us generally
somebody dat amt in IT.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17
To Wait Patiently,

To wait patiently men must work
cheerfulIy. samuel Smiles.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1919-07-17

HERE was a time during
the American Revolution
when the British held
New York city and a por-
ton of New Jersey. The
American forces were at
Morristown, N. j., and at
Dobbs Ferry on the Hud-
son and nninfs above.