davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1919-10-05
1900, 900 POUNDS CANDY
TO Be SOLD AS SURPLUS

About 100000 pounds Of surplus
candy purchased for the Army IL
to be sold by tho War Department in
retail stores In this city. New York,
Baltimore. Philadelphia, Boston and
Atlanta. The stock consists Of as
sorted chocolates assorted caramels
assorted sticks and lemon drops. and
will be sold in pound and half-pound
packages. Assorted chocolates will
be offered at Is cents q half pound
and 80 cents a pound, and the other
candy at Is cents a half pound and Is
cents q pound.
The War Department has additional
stocks Of these candies, and. X they
sell readily in the stores to which
they have been distributed, the re-
naming surplus will be shipped
promptly to the other retail stores
maintained by the Quartermastez
Corps throughout the country.
Evening star., 1919-10-05
German Fleet Formidable.

At that time the German dread
naught fleet was not immeasurcably
inferior in numbers to the British; It
had a protecting screen Of about 200
destroyers; and it would have been
madness for the British to have gone
into battle with its own destroyer
screen placed several hundred miles
away of the coast Of Ireland.
Germany likewise practically i'm
mobilized q considerable number of
destroyers by attacking hospital
ships. It was impossible for Ameri-
cans and Englishmen to believe at
first that these dastardly attacks
were Intentional; they SO callously
violated all the rules for warfare and
all the agreements for lessening the
horrors of war to which Germany
herself had become . party, that
there was tendency in ouf enlfght-
ened country to give her the benefit
Of the doubt. AS a matter of fact not
only were the submarine attacks on
hospital ships deliberate. but Ger
many officially informed us that they
would be made! The reasons for this
warning are clear enough. Until we
received such warning hospital
ships had put to sea unescorted by
warships, depending for their safety
upon the rules of the Hague Confer
ef1ce.
tuopyrisht, 1919. BY the Worlds Work. Pub
iished BY Arrangement with the Mcclure
Newspaper syndicate.t
CONTINUED next Sunday.)
Evening star., 1919-10-05
TROLLEY HEARINGS AT END.
Federal Commission Of Inquiry
Ready to Prepare Report

The Federal Eectric Railways Com
mission appointed BY President Will
son to investigate the serious dnan-
cial plight Of the trolley lines Of tho
nation concluded its hearings yes
terday and WIN begin next week sift-
ing tho mass Of testimony gathered
during the last two months, In order
to frame its report ana recommenda-
tions. Those heard at the final ses-
sions were: Joseph e. Eastman OF the
Interstate Commerce Commission:
Milo T. Maltbie. formerly public serv-
ice commissioner in New York city;
Edward W. Bemis Of Chicago, and c.
Oscar Beasley Of Philadelphia, rep
resenting the United Business Mems
Association Of that city.
Evening star., 1919-10-05
No PARCEL POST WITH
AUSTRIA OR HUNGARY

No psfcel post relations have Been
opened as yet with Austria or Hun-
gary. officials of the foreign mail
division of the Post Office Departfn ent
announce. 1t is not deemed wise,
therefore. for merchants to attempt
to ship merchandise to these foun-
tries by parcel post. H - -
Such relations have been re-estab-
lished with Germany, and many par
GELS are going regularly to that
country. The war Department has
taken the restrictions off in sending
parcels to Austria and Hungary, but
until the parcel post is re-estab-
lished by the Post Office Department
no parcels can be sent. The depart
ment Is now at work upon the matter.
Evening star., 1919-10-05
ARMY AIDS HOUSE HUNTER.
Information Given on Qnarters
2 Available for Officers.

An information desk covering
houses and apartments available for
rent to Army officers has been estab-
lished in the real estate service branch
Of the War Department The office is
located in room 2603 of the munitions
building.
This Office endeayors as far as pos
eible, to obtain Information relative
to quarters in this city about to be
vacated by officers leaving washing
ton, and to make this information
availabie for other Army Officers de.
string quarters.
Evening star., 1919-10-05

naval operations as well ~ British
cehtered upon this destroyer Situa"
tion, since it was chiefly the destroy
er which could defeat the submarine
campaign.
1t was therefore the part of wisdom
for the Germans to handle their navy
strategfcally In the way that would
best promote this general ain,-that
is. to resort to every possible move
that would keep British destroyers
from attacking German submarines.
The policy of the German high seas
fleet, that Of keeping the battleships
land-locked in German hafbors. pro-
NOTED this end more than any single
maneuver. Had the German fleet
seriously attempted great sea bat
tie. it would have unquestionaoly
been defeated, and such defeat
would have meant an even greater dis
aster than the loss of the battleSh1ps.
for it would have released more than
have been used most effectively
against German submarines
BY keeping this dreadnaught neet
intact, always refusing to give battle
and yet always threatening an en-
gagement, the Germans penned up
100 British destroyers In the orkneys
-destroyers which otherwise might
have done most destructive work
against German submarines off the
coast of Ireland. The mere fact that
the German high seas fleet had once
engaged the British grand feet of
Jutland, constantly suggested the
likelihood that the attempt might be
repeated. and was thus an influence
which tended to keep these destroy
ers at Scapa Flow. Many times dur
ing that critical period the admiralty
discussed the question of releasing
these destroyers, or part OF them,
for the anti-submarine campaign:
vet they always had to decide-and
decide wisely-against any such haz-
arsouS division.
Evening star., 1919-10-05
Needs Over 100000 Tons Of Coal.

Between 2.03s 900 and 2,55S, 900 tons
OF coal annually are required at
eighteen leading United States ports
to bunker the merchant ships under
the control Of the shipping board.
This estimate was made. public to-
(A9y ~ the divf1ion or operations, in
an ann0uncemeat inviting BIDS to
Evening star., 1919-10-05
Why us. Ships Escaped.

The reason American armed mer-
chantmen were not sunk was simply
because they were not seriously at
tackled; have already shown how
easily Germany could sink them when
she tried. Besides, the chief argu-
ment against relying upon armed
ships was that this was q defensive
measure, whereas the extremely grave
situation We were then facing de-
mandsd the most energetic offensive
methods. Yet the arming Of merchant
ships was justified as a minor meas
ure. It accomplished one end--it
forced the submarine to submerge and
to use torpedoes instead Of gunnre.
This In itself was q great gain, be-
cause the Germans much preferred
to sink ships with projectiles than
with torpedoes, for their supply OF
these latter missiles was limited.
In April, 1917, the British navy was
fghting the submarine mainly In two
ways: i was constantly sowing
mines on the entrance to the sub
brugge, and in the Helgoland Blight
operations that accomplished little,
for the Germans swept them up al
most a. fast az they were planted; |;
and It was patrolling the submarine
infested area with anti-submarine
craft. Tho admiralty was depending
almost exclusively upon this patrol,
yet this, the only means which then
seemed to hold. forth much promise
Of defeating tho eubmafine, was max
ing little progress
Destroyer. Main 1slianss.
]. For this patrol the .nayy vas. M.
1rsssinE inta saryice all available aAs
Evening star., 1919-10-05
Barnage Idea Popular.

Another idea suggested by a glance
at the map was the construction of q
barrage across the North sea from
the Orkneys to the coast Of Norway.
The distance did not seem so very
great--on the map; in reality it was
230 miles and the water is from $50
to ESQ feet in depth. If we cannot
pen the rats up in their holes, said
the newspaper strategfst, certainly
we can do the next best thing; we
can pen them up in the North sea.
Then we can route all our shipping
to points on the west coast Of Eng
land, and the problem is solved.
/ discussed this proposition with
British navy men, and their answer
was quite to the point
'1f we haven't mines enough to
build a successful barrage across the
twenty miles wide. how can we con.
struct barrage across the North sea
which is 2se?'' -
A year afterward. as VIII appear
this plan came up in more practical
form, but in 1917 the idea was not
not mines enough In the wef1d t.
build such q abarraga
3,On our side Of the Atlantic and. te
q certain extent, in England itseli
there was q belief that placing gunf
and gun crews on merchantmen wal
the submarine. Some Of the old Brit.
ish merchant salts held to this view
Give us a gun. and wen take cart
of the submarines. all right" thsy
kept saying: to the admiralty. Tit
idea was fundamentally fallacfous
In the American Congress-, just pfioi
to the declaration of war, the arm.
ing Of merchant ships became gfea'
political issue: scores of pages in the
Congressional Record are filled will
discussion pro and con; SO far as ths
protection of shipping was concerned
however, all this was wasted oratory
Those who advocated arming mer.
chant ships had simply failed to grast
the fundamental facts of submarine
warfare. The quality that makes the
submarine 80 difficult to deal with fl
it's invisibility. The great politica
issue involved In the submarine con.
troversy-and the issue that brought
the United States into the war-wat
that Of sinking merchant ships with.
out warning. It was because the sub.
marines sank without warning thai
4 dozen guns placed on a merchant
ship afforded practically no protec.
tiOn
Evening star., 1919-10-05
Warning Seldom Given.

The lookout on a merchantmen could
not see the submarine for the very
good reason that the submarine was
under the water: 1t was only by a
happy chance that he could see the
periscope-providedo one were exposed.
The first fntimation which the n1er-
chantman usually had that a U-boat
was in his neighborhood was the ex-
plosion of the torpedo in his hull In
six weeks, in the spring and early
summer OF 1917. thirty armed mer-
chantmen were torpedoed and sunk off
Queenstown, and in no case was a
periscope or q coming tower seen.
The English never trusted their bat
tleships ct sea without DESTROYER es-
cort. and certainly If battleshfp,
with it's powerful armament, could
not protect itself from submarines. 1t
was too much to expect that an ordi-
nary armed merchantmen would be
able to do so.
think the fact that few American
armed ships were attacked and sunk
in 1917 creatsd the impression that
their guns afforded some protection.
But this was policy on Germany's
part She expected, as have said, to
win the war long before the United
States could play an effective part in
it. She was therefore refraining from
any unnecessary acts that would still
further embitter the American people
against her. She was also playing up
to the pacifst elements in our co1n-
try, in order to keep US from using
against her such forces as we already
had at hand.
Evening star., 1919-10-05
EVERYBODY Had q Plan.

The most popular game On beth
sides Of the Atlantic was d6viUin9
means OF checking the underwater
ship. Every neWspapsxs magazine,
Evening star., 1919-10-05
States Kind of League He Wanted

"I want a league of nations founded
on The Hague convention. I want to
seen an international court ana
judges. What have we got? A po-
liticaI alliance. and nothing more; the
representatives Of nations voting in
the expediency Of their own countries.
They all got great advantages In the
matter OF territory and otherwise, ex-
cept the United States.
I'VE got nothing, and I am glad OF
1t. But, as we asked nothing, cer-
tainly we have a right to say what
our burden shall be. am not dis
turbed by the threat Of isolation. You
can't isolate the United States.
81 am not impressed with the plea
that IL the treaty fails at viii be nee.
essary to reassemble the peace con-
ference. 1t il already assembled
They are in Paris now. I think that
| at whatever council table the United
States sits her vote should be the
| equal Of that Of any other nation"
| Senator Lodge also declared that he
would vote for reservations assuring
the United States exclusive voice on
the questions Of the Monroe doctrine
and immigration.
Unless the reservations I have
specified are adopted" he said. "the
! treaty Is dead"
AS the Senator concluded the near
ly $500 delegates came to their feet,
shouting and clapping their hands in
q noisy and prolonged demonstration.
Evening star., 1919-10-05

ularly in the night time. And from
this point the distance to the trade
routes south and west of Ireland was
relatively a short one.
Evening star., 1919-10-05
ADMIRAL SIMS OWN STORY OF HOW
U.S. NAVY HELPED CURB U-BOATS
AND ENABLED ALLIES TO WIN WAR

public man and gentleman at his club
| had his favorite scheme for defeating
the U-boat campaign. All that any
one needed was map of the North
sea, and the solution was as clear as
daylight.
i to me, nothing is. quite so deceptive
as geography. All of us are too like
ly to base our conception of naval
problems on the maps which we stud
led at school On these maps the North
sea is such little place! I remember
didn't see how submarines could op-
crate in the English channel, 1t was
SO narrow! She didn't see how there
was room enough to turn around! The
fact that it is twenty miles wide at
the shortest crossing and not far from
200 at the widest is something which
1t is apparently difficult to grasp.
A glance at the map Immediately
suggested the way to handle the sub
marines. The plan which was most
popular in those days was to pen them
up in their bases and so prevent their
egress into the North sea.
Bases Strongly Protected.
Obviously the best way to handle
the situation was to sink the whole
German submarine fleet; as that was
Nff~A SASAJ AAhpoooAobC llC neat U6SL
thing was to keep them in their home
ports and prevent them from sailing
the high seas. 1t was not only the
man in the street who was advocat-
ing this program. ! had a long talk
with several prominent government
officials, in which they asked me why
this could not be done.
Il can give you fourteen reasons
why it is impossible" answered
I'VE shall first have to capture their
bases, and it would be simply sui
cidal to attempt it, and it would be
playing directly into Germany's
hands. Those bases are protected by
guns of Is, IL and inch caliber. The
guns are secreted behind hills or To-
Gated in pits on the seashore, where
no approaching vessel can see them.
Moreover, those guns have a range
Of 10000 yards, but the guns on no
ships have q range of more than 30,-
900 yards; they are stationary, where
as ours would be moving. For our
ships to go up against such emplace-
ments would be like putting a blind
prize fighter up against an antago-
mist who can see and who has arms
twice as long as his enemy's.
I'VE can send as many ships as we
wish on such an expedition, and they
all will be destroyed. The German
guns would probably get them on the
first salvo, certainly on the second
There is nothing the Germans would
so much like to have us try"
Evening star., 1919-10-05

stroyers. yachts. tfawlers. sea-goine
tugs. and other light vessels-aImost
. anything which could carry a wire
less. a gun. and depth charges: At
the destroyer. The naval war had
demonstrated that the submarine
could not successfully battle with the
, destroyer. that any U-boat which
came to the surface within fighting
range OF this alert and speedy little
surface ship ran great risk of being
sunk. This is the fundamental fact
which regulated the whole anti
submarine campaign. The destruc-
ton of the submarine was highly
probable, in case the destroyer could
get fair chance at her. 1t is evil
dent, therefore, that proper Ger
man strategy would consist in so dis
posing it's submarines that they could
conduct their operations with the
minimum risk of meeting their most
conceived allied strategy would con-
sist in so controlling the situation
that the submarines would have con-
stantly to meet them.
Frankness conpels me to say that.
in the early part OF 1917, the Germans
game; that Is, they were so dominat-
ing the campaign that they were con-
stantly. attacking allied shipping
without having to meet the allied de-
were dispensing their energies over
the wide waste of waters But the
facts in the situation, and not any
particularly superior skill on the part
of the German navy. gave the sub
marine this advantage. The British
were most herpically struggling
against the difficulties imposed by the
mighty task which they had assumed.
The British navy. like all other
this type OF warfare, and thus, in 1917,
It woefully lacked the surface vessels
in the numbers which were demanded
not only for the ordinary purposes of
its fleet, but for meeting the sub
marine warfare az well.
Had to Protect Grand Fleet.
The problem which proved 30 en-
barrassing can be stated In the sim
pie terms OF arithmetic. Everything
reduced itself to the question Of de-
storyers. In April, 1917, the British
navy had in commission about 200 Of
this Indispensable type OF warship:
many Of them were old and others
had been pretty badly worn and
weakened by three years of particu-
larly racking service. It was the prob
lem of the admiralty to place these
destroyers in those fields where they
one fact that apparently rose super
ior to all others was that f1otilla OF
at least 100 destroyers must be con-
tfnuously kept with the grand fleet.
ready to go into action at q moments
notice The whole strategy of German
Evening star., 1919-10-05
Big U-Boats Of Little Use.


boats and the UBs and UCs-the Ger
mans had another type OF submarine
the great ocean cruisers. These ships
were as long as a small surface
cruiser and half again as long as q
destroyer, = and their displacement
sometimes reached 5000 tonG They
carried crews Of seventy men, could
cross the Atlantic three or four times
without putting into port, and some
actually remained away from their
bases for three or four months. But
they were very unhandy vessels; It
took them q relatively long time to
submerge. and, for this reason. they
could not operate around the channel
and other places where nuti-subma-
rine craft were most numerous.
In fact, these vessels, Of which the
Germans had In commission perhaps
half dozen when the armistice was
signed. accomplished little In the war.
They were used mainly for strategto
purposes. One or two were usually
stationed on the Asores, not In the
expectation Of getting much shipping
they sank few merchantmen-out
In the hope of diverting anti-sub-
OF operations. In this, however, they
did not succeed! in fact. cannot see
that these great cruisers accomplish
ed anything that justified the expense
and trouble involved in building them.
This, then, was the type OF warfare
which the German submarines were
waging upon allied shipping. What
were the allied navies doing to check
them in this terrible month OF April,
1917? What anti-submarine methods
had been developed up to that timer
Evening star., 1919-10-05
|STORM Of CHEERS
FORSENATORL0D
G. o. P. Convention Applauds
His Expression of Views
| on League.
|PARTY POSITION STATED
PARTY POSITION STATED

| BOSTON, October 4.-The republican
state convention today declared unani-
mously in favor Of the prompt ratifica-
ton Of the peace treaty without amend
ment, but with 'unequivocal and effec-
tive reservations" to safeguard the in
terests Of the United States. This action
was taken amid a storm of applause
I, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, leader OF
the opposition forces to the league of
nations covenant in Congress, who oc-
cupfed seat on the platform, was COM
mended in the resolutions for rbroad and
| far-sighted craftsmanship" and ''his ef-
| forts to bring about prompt action on
the treaty. were Endorsed.
shantung Issue Brought Up.
The convention condemned the ac-
ton of the peace commissioners in
the matter of Fiume. Thrace and
delivered with apparent feeling, said
he would vote against the Shantung
provision, whether it be by amend
ment or reservation. whenever it is
presented to me-"
The reservations specifically favored
were for the right of the United
States to withdraw from the league
upon due notice; for no obligation to
employ American soldiers or sailors
unless Congress shall so direct; for
complete control of domestic ques-
tions, such as the tariff and immigra-
tion, by the United States and for the
United States to be the sole judge in
interpreting the Monroe doctrine.
Evening star., 1919-10-05
shantung Issue Brought Up.
Subject Of Long Conference.

The position which the convention
should take on the league OF nations
question had been the subject Of long
conference by the committee on resolu-
tions, where Senator Lodge appeared by
invitation. The delegates interrupted
the reading of the report at the point
where unamended ratification Of the
treaty was favored with prolonged ap-
plause.
Gov. Coolidge, loudly applauded on his
first appearance after weeks illness,
gave the convention an account Of his
handling OF the police strike in Boston.
Senator Lodge in his address and the
convention in its platform lined them
selves up strongly with the governor in
the steps which he took to cope with the
situation.
Evening star., 1919-10-05
Great Demonstration for Senator.

That the attitude expressed in the res
olutions toward the league OF nations
had been an overnight compromise was
made obvious when Senator Lodge was
introduced. He received the greatest
demonstration Of tho day.
II am glad" he said, that you adopt
ed the platform without debate. With
the statement Of reservations am in
full accord.
'T accept the platform have no
desire to discuss It, but on that por-
ton OF the resolutions embodied in the
two words without amendment I wish
to express my opinion. have already
voted for amendments''
Here the senator was interrupted with
noisy demonstration, after which he
continued:
Il voted for the amendments that have
been presented, voted for them in the
committee and in Senate. voted as 1
believed to be right viii continue to
SO vote. / would have 80 voted If
voted alone.
I'm your resolutions you condemn
Shantung. You turned 10000, 900
peaceabls and friendly people, our al
lies in the war, over to Japan for an
indefinite period. will never vote to
do that. cannot consent to give to
any other nation the power to send
to war the people of the United States
without the free action Of Congress.
Evening star., 1919-10-05
Destroyers 1Iain Rslianse.

For this patrol the navy vas. M.
nrsAsinE hta service all available aAs
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1919-04-10
THEATER BILLS

Empress iheater, II 10 i0:lS ..
m SeSsuc lIayakawa in "A Heart
IN Pawn cufren, events reel
comedy
Majestic thcs,er. l045 a, NJ. to
20 10 IS y. m.--Eihel Barrymore
IN The Diyorcee,' comedy.
Strand ihca,cr, 10 10 II 30 a M,
!, , 80. 4, $50. $50 and 10 p. M
Mary Bolend in "A Woman's Tx.
pcrienee - comedy
New Folly ,hea,er, 10 4s a. m
to lOAS p. m--Alice Brady in
"The Hollow OF Her Aand," news
reel comedy
Drcsmland ,he1icr . a. m, 10 y
y, m.--Charloue Walker in Every
Mo,hsrs SON" J Warren Kerr
Fan ia "a Soldiers Courage"
Roscoe Arbuekle in Fatty the
Villain comedy.
Auditorium. 8:lS p. Matinee
and night--Dancing; music.
Liberty thcater, pictures, ] 80,
40, OILS, $50; vaudeville, ;, 7 80,
go
Lyric ,hea,er, ! 30 to 10 .4S p. NJ,
Pictures. vaudeville.
Palace thea,er, 2lS TO II 70 p.
m.--leo Adde's Olympia Maids"
III musical comedy.
Ovcfholser ,heater. SlS p m
Matinee Saturday-Mu,ical drama,
Round the Clock With the De
bu,an,cS.'
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1919-04-10
preliminary TRACK
CHAMPIONS CHOSEN

Preliminary practice for high school
field men in all track events At The
Saltwater field meet, May 20. have re-
suited in the following showing, ac.
eording TO A. v Grady. high school
coach Paul Barnes, jaycline and
weights; Elyin Barnes, hurdles aud
high jumps Herbert Parrish and
'Ployd Askew. dashes; Brooks and
Hal Snodgrass. quarter and half dis
tanees; Robert Rourke, Alex Towns
and Jack Wilhelm, distance men (;
Floyd Mcbride, pole vault and jumps I;
Alfred McI.ain. pole vault.
Local tryouis will he completed
Friday afternoon At the new quarter
mile track near the Santa Fe tracks.