davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-09

story of his SIedge journey eastward
over the sea ice after parting from
his only white companion, DR.. K. M
Anderson. at Cape Parry on CONT
mental North America. For twenty
two days he went into the unknown
frozen east, accompanied only by
two Eskimo men. Natkusiak and
Tannaunirk, and an Eskimo woman,
Pannigabluk. who was invaluable for
keeping camp and making and re-
pairing skin garments.
By VILHJALMUR STEFANSSON.
A THOUGH mere fractions Of
"A time such as minutes seldom
are OF enough value with us in
the North to waste ink in recording
them, / have set down in my diary
that it was 1:45 in the afternoon of
April 81 when we finally made our
long planned start from our winter
base on Langton Bay at Cape Parry
to penetrate to Coronation Gulf.
At last we were fairly started for the
unknown, but no one except myself
was very enthusiastic over the enter
prise. The reluctance of my people
was due in part only (and in less parD
10 their fear of finding the unknown
country gameless. They feared to find
1t Inhabited by a barbarous and blood
thirsty race OF which the Baillie
Islands Eskimo had been telling us
grotesque tales. These dreaded people
were the Nagyuktogmiut, the people
OF the caribou antler." who lived far
TO tho east and who used to come in
semi-hostile contact with their an
cestors long ago.
"These people bear the name of the
caribou antler," they had told us, "be-
cause of a peculiar custom. When a
woman becomes Of marriageable age
she is made to take her place in ar
open space and the men who want
wives form around her in a circle each
armed with the antler of a large bull
caribou. The word is given, and they
all rush at her, each trying to hool
her toward him with the antler Otter
the woman is killed in the scrimmage
II one succeeds in getting her alive hC
takes her for a wife.
Many Have No Wives.
las strength and skill are the mair
requirements for success, some of the
Nagyuktogmiut have a great many
wives while most of them haNF none
Because so many women Se KILLED IL
this way there are twice as many mer
as women among them. We know
many stories of which this is one, tC
show what queer people these East
erners are. They also kill al
strangers"
That was the way all stories of thu
Fasteners ended. Like Cato's delendi
est CARTHAGE they kill all strangers
were the unvarying words that fin
ished every discussion OF the Nagyuk
togmiut by the Baillie Islanders.
No matter how fabulous a stoTy
sounds. there is usually basis of fact
When we at last got to these Eastern
ers we found that the kernel of trutl
consisted in the fewness of women n!
compared with men, but this had moth
ing to do with caribou antlers. 1t wa!
because they practise the Spartan Gus
tom OF exposing newborn children, ant
especially female children, with the re
suit that women among them ar
much fewer than men.
When we made our start for tn
East we were in many respects poorl
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-09
Mistaken for Spirits.

was of course too far away TO
near but Tannaumirk told me after
ward that on the instant of jumping
up the scaler began a monotonous
noise which is not a chant nor is II
words--it is merely an effort TO ward
Off dumbness, for if n man who is in
the presence of a spirit does not make
at least one sound each time he draws
his breath he WVl-i,e stricken perma-
nently dumb. This belief is common
to both the Alaska and Coronation
! Gulf Eskimo.
For several minutes Tannaumirk
! talked eXcitedly, and the sealer kept up
! the moaning noise quite unable TO
! realize apparently that he was being
| spoken to in human speech. IT did not
occur to him for a long time, he told
us afterward that we might be some
thing other than spirits, for our dogs
! and dog harness, our sleds and clothes
were such as he had never seen in all
| his wanderings. Besides, we had not
on approaching used the peace sign
of his people, which is holding the
hands out TO show that one does NOS
carry a knife.
| The man finally began to listen and
then to answer. The dialects proved
to differ about as much as Norwegian
does from Swedish or Spanish from
Portuguese, After Tannaumirk haC
made him understand that we were OF
good intent and character and hat
showed by lifting his own coat that hC
had no knife the sealer approached
HIM cautiously and felt of him, partly
las he told US later to assure himsCl
that he was not a spirit and partly I,
see if there were not a knife bidder
somewhere under his clothes.
4 After n careful examination an,
some further parley he told Tannau
mirk TO tell us that they two would
proceed home to the village and Nat
kusiak and might follow as far he
! hind as we were now; when they go
TO the village we were TO remain out
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-09

you are following such trail and
come to a village about four months
old you will expect to find the people
who made it not more than forty miles
off.
The Unknown Men Mt Last.
In the present case our task was
simplified by the fact that the group
we were following had not moved
straight ahead north, but had made
their fourth camp west of the second.
Standing on the roofs of the houses of
the second camp we could see three
seal hunters a few miles to the west,
each sitting on his block of snow by a
seal hole waiting for the animal to rise.
The seal hunters and their camp
We're up the wind and our dogs scented
them. AS Ne bore swiftly down upon
the nearest of the sealers the dogs
showed enthusiasm and anticipation
as keen as mine-keener by a great
deal than did my Eskimo. Since the
hunter was separated from his fellow
huntsmen by full half mile I thought
he would probably be frightened if all
OF US were to rush up to him at the
, top speed of our dogs. We therefore
stopped our sled several hundred yards
Iaway.
! Tannaumirk had become Drawer now,
| for the lone stranger did not look
| formidable sitting stopped forward as
| he was on his block of snow beside the
seal hole; so he actually volunteered
! to act as ambassador, saying that the
Mackenzie dialect (his OWN was prob
ably nearer the strangers tongue than
Natkusiak's. This seemed likely, so
told him to 90 ahead. The sealer sat
motionless as Tannaumlrk approached
him. l watched him through my
glasses and saw that he held his face
steadily as If watching the seal hole.
but that he raised his eyes every
second or two to the strange figure of
! the man approaching. He was evil
IDENTIFY tensely ready for action.
| Tannaumirk by now was thoroughly
over his fears and would have walked
right up to the sealer, but when no
more than five PAGES or so interviewed
between them the sealer suddenly
| jumped up, graSping a long knife that
had laid on the snow beside him. and
posing himself as if to receive an at
tack or TO be ready to leap forward
suddenly. This scared our man, who
stopped abruptly and began eXcitedly
and volubly to assure the sealer that
he and all of us We're friendly and
harmless, men of excellent character
aad Intentions
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-03-09

you are following such trail and
come to a village about four months
old you will expect to find the people
who made it not more than forty miles
ptf
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-03-26
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to keep green in memory Of the sol diers and sailors who gave their all to make the world safe for democracy.
 This suggestion of the Forestry As sociation was taken up with the hearty approval by the Government and Pres ident Wilson has already found ready response in one war mother-a Cincinnati woman-whose son met his death when a steamer was torpedoed by the Huns. The photograph shows 1 her putting the last spadefuI of earth around a silver maple which she has [ planted In the memory of her seaman
 gunner son in a Cincinnati park. The
 little cousins of the dead hero are seen assisting.
 Every mother is urged to plant a
 tree likewise for her fallen boy. They may be planted in yards, public parks or along highways. Some cities are ! dedicating sections of city parks for memorial trees while others are sug- | gesting rows called Victory Rows to l be planted along public highways. The
 memorial tree idea is dual in it's func-
 tions-sentime and utility, for Q tree
 may be a memorial and yet serve as
 a protection from the sun as we'll It ! is hoped that this memorial tree plant i ing will become general
 In France
 Already tt has been thought of in { France for there is a nlovemen on 1 foot there to make the American Cem- ! eteries, where our heroes of war are ! buried, huge groves. and plans for the ! planting of trees have been laid out. l It has been the request of that land
 that our dead be left in France and l their graves be cared for by the peo- i pie of this grateful nation. Turned | into huge forests these cemeteries
 would always remain sacred spots to i the French.
 So this year Arbor Day will have an additional significance to us, for
 not only should we plant trees here
 in America but should consider wheth- CT it is not part of our patriotic duty i to join the French in their efforts to beautify the graves of our dead whose remains life buried on French
 soil. We should not allow foreigners 10 show more respect to our departed boys than we are willing to exhibit, and some movement permanent in its
 nature should be inaugurated where i by their last resting place may show 1 our appreciation of their sacrifice. | What could be more beautiful than a
 grove of sturdy oaks emblematicaI of their heroism?
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-03-26

will follow for surely nothing could be more appropriate as a memorial in
 honor of this great exponent of out
 door life, who in an Arbor Day letter once wrote "A people without chill
 dren would face a hopeless future, a
 country without trees is almost as hopeless; forests that are so used that they cannot renew themselves will soon vanish and with them their ben efits. A true forest is not merely a store
 house full of wood. but at the same
 time a, reservoir of water.'
 The custom of planting trees as
 memorials to loved ones dates back to the days of the Aztecss who always planted a, tree when an infant came into the world and gave it the child's own name. and the old Mexican In dians plant trees on certain days of the year under the full moon naming them after their children.
 Planting fruit trees is encouraged in our schools and in some of the Northwestern States whole apple orchards are planted near school houses. In the spring time when the orchard is in bloom the boys and girls enjoy their beauty as much as they do the beds of flowers in the parks.
 In new sections of a town the chill dren plant shade trees and frequently recall each one as the trees STOW in all their beauty reminding strangers of the fact that the scholars of School No. - planted this particular row and all through their lives the boys and girls will have a special affection for these trees.
 Memorial To Our Boys This year the memorial tree has come into vogue and If the suggestion | Of the American Forestry Association is carried out, that a tree be planted somewhere in memory Of each fallen hero of the late war. America will have a beautiful, and lasting tribute
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-03-26
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conservation will be required to keep the needs supplied,
 Aside from fire the ravages of water destroys many of our trees for each year the Mississippi River alone tears down and filings into it's bed more soil than was taken out Of the Panama Canal and with this goes trees and shrubbery which must be replaced by young trees if it's banks are to remain useful as well as beautiful. Duriug g the war many of our fine spruce trees had to be used in the manufacture of aerOplanes, both at home and for our Allies, which was. of course a, war necessity, but for years the slaughter of our trees has gone on unrebuked. Our timber seemed to be unlimited and we wasted and wasted this won derfuI gift of nature, as we wasted many other natural resources
 Rooseyclt-FTicnd Of Trees
 When the late Theodore Roosevelt became our President he began to fight for the conservation of our forests. In this he was aided by John Muir and Clifford Pinchot, both of whom were warm defenders of the trees. RooseveIt's. plan for the pres erVatiOn of our forests was fought by many who did not know or care for the value of these trees and during his administration there were many squabbles over tree protection. It seems, however, that we are learning and that those who fought the ROose- velt-Pinchot idea. have come to the conclusion that they were right.
 Already memorials to the late ex- President have been set up, one by the children of a New Jersey Sunday School, and others by the Boy Scouts of Los Angeles, who have planted a live oak tree in each one of the city parks in his memory. They will watch the growth of the sapIinE and attend to it until it is "oId enough to take care of itself'' Doubtless other cities
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-03-26
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ernment ground is the work of the Forest Service of the Agricultural Department but they are always glad to have their work aided by the set ting out of trees by private citizens and in many places hundreds of trees are set out by individuals. Forest fires in the great northwest ruin many of the best trees and hundreds of acres are burned over annually before they can be stopped. The spark of a passing locomotive or a lighted cigar carelessly thrown from an automobile often causes this destruction. Citizens are frequently called to aid foresters in putting out these fires.
 In the big national forest in the State of Washington one of these fires burned trees almost up to the Mt Ranier National Park and destroyed so much timber that a movement Is already on foot to take a tree census. Large timber owners have already counted their stumps and are cndeav- bring to replace them; so far the total timber standing in the United States is accepted as 2.S0O,OOO.OOO feet. While this looks like a large amount
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-03-26

as the Board continued to offer prizes and in sixteen years 1t is estimated that 35O,00O,OO0 trees and vines had been planted in that State.
 In 1876 Michigan and Minnesota proclaimed an Arbor Day. Finally in 1888 other States fell into line, espe- cially New York. where Arbor Day Is celebrated by all the public schools and a, large number of trees are plant ed. although it is celebrated in nearly every State. The Department of Agri- culture at Washington has aided the school teachers by sending out ntera- ture on the subject of tree planting and how to care for the young trees.
 Movable Date
 The exact date is not uniform throughout the country, but is fixed by the State to suit its climate. It falls in April or May in the Northern or Western States, and in January or February in the Southern States.
 Ravages Of Fire And Water
 Large tracts of timber are destroyed in our national forests and something has to be done to replace 1t. The set ting out of young forests on the gov
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-03-26

annual planting of trees and especial Iy by the school children.
 Origin
 B. G. Northrop, of Connecticut, Sec retary of the Board of Education of that State, seems to have been the originator of the idea in 1865, to sug- gsst the annual planting of trees un- der the direction of a state govern ment
 J. Sterling Morton, the Secretary of Agriculture during Cleve1and's sec ond term, was the first to offer reso- lutiOn setting apart a special day for tree planting. This. however, was be- fore he became 0 member of the Presidents officiaI< family and was while he was on the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture. This was in 1872 when he succeeded in getting his resolution passed by the Board. Prizes were offered in that state to tree planters and the newspapers were requested to keep the resolution be- fore the public with the result that more than one million trees were planted in Nebraska on the first or Day Interest in the day increased
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-03-26

in the city as well as in the rural dis tricts'' Another letter says: T vote with both hands to keep and prosper the garden while we have it, and so 10 extend and enlarge its scope and it's vision of usefulness as to make it the means of that social unity which will mean better life for everybody" Walter J. Sloan, who is the enthusias- tic garden supervisor of Salt Lake City, says: Great as was the work last year I feel that it will be much greater this year. The people of the United States, at least a majority of them, are just beginning to learn what it means to raise their own vegetables, with the added value of reduced cost and better health. Personally I be- lieve it would be to the benefit of the American people if we could instiu into their minds the thought-no un- slightly back yards, no vacant lots; or to put it another way: Weeds are a menace to health; so are empty cans and garbage in your back yard; we want hea1th'' And here is what Alex ander Jackson, agricultural agent of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific lines, says: I've feel that the War garden is 8 permanent fixture in prac- tically all of our territory where gar den1ng is possible
 Big Saving
 Of course, as shown by last years experience, there are many ways in which Daylight Saving puts the na- ton ahead just that far. The United States Fuel Administration estimated that it saved 1,25O,000 tons of coal for US, and surely that is worth while, for the coal supply is rot going to last for ever, and the more that can be done to conserve it now the better for the coming generations. The golf fans" were all for it, as one of them said: Almost every day of my life just now have occasion to bless the extra hour of daylight. To get out from the hot, close city. noisy, restless and nerve7 raeking, to the cool, green peace and quiet of the country. is a heavenly
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-03-26
Old Time Use
 OfThunbPrin

The use of thumb prints as means of identification is not new by any means, the method having been used in China hundreds of years ago. The merchants of those days made i'm pressIons with their thumbs in lieu of signatures. In the interior of China to this day the thumb print is used on legal documents, especially wills, in place of the written name The use of finger prints was transferred from China to India, where the British adopted the system as a means of identifying the troups. From India the idea was taken to France, where it was used by tHe police in the identi- f1cation of criminals. and since that time it has been taken up in nearly all countries. Scientists claim the finger print system to be infallible.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-03-26

Benefit To All
 What is the greatest benefit that comes from daylight saving? It might look on the face of it as if that would be a hard question to answer. And yet it is believed that there is but one answer which can be given. There is no one class of people in the coun- try that outnumbers the home food producers, those who have little gar dens in the back yard of their home or on some nearby vacant lot which they are cultivating. There are mil Hons of such throughout the United States and no greater boon could be given to them than an extra hour of daylight in the afternoon, the best time for them to put in on caring for their plants and vegetables. The congressional committees recognized this important fact when they recom- mended the passage of the law; and in their report used these words: "In view of the increased food production which will be brought about under the bill, the comfort and convenience which 1t will bring to laborers and the public generally, and the saving of ex- penses, especially relating to light and fuel, it is, believed by our commit ee that the measure should be enacted.' They placed flood production" first in the list of benefits which would ensue; ; and their confidence in this direction was borne out by the facts, for accord ing to the National War Garden Com mission there was gain of fully 25 per cent. in the amount of food gown in the war gardens of the na- ton as result of the law; and taking i.Te account the fact that there were more than 5,OOO.OOO war gardens, the total addition to food supplies was enormous.
 Fine For Victory Gardens
 Again this year, then the millions of home food producers, who have become the victory gardeners" of 1919, have the advantage of this turn
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1919-03-26

~ET ready now to turn the old M ( clock ahead an hour, for Day 1 Ey-Fa light Saving Is almost here once 1 AM more Remember that it starts | on the last Sunday in March, and that it begins at 2 o'clock in the morning on that day It was so successful last wear and everybody was so well pleased with this method of gaining an hour on old Sol that it is doubtful if inc old-time system will ever again be in use during the summer months. There were some people who got the idea last year that the law was ef- fective only for the one year or during the period of the war; but such is not the case. The law as passed by Congress in the spring of 1918 pro vided that Daylight Saving be in effect leach year." Here are the words:
 That at o'clock ante-meridian of the last Sunday in March of each year the standard time of each zone shall be advanced one hour and at o'clock ante-meridian of the last Sunday in October in each year the standard time of each zone shall, by the re- tarding of one hour, be returned 10 the mean astronomical lime of the degree of longitude governing said zone.'
 U. S. Late In Adopting Scheme
 Although the United States was one of the last of the fifteen nations which adopted Daylight Saving during the war, this country profted more prob ably than any other from its opera tion. This is because of the immense population of this country. In the United States more than 10000, 900 people benefit from this law, whereas in other countries with smaller popu- Iations not so many individuals gain from it. In Portugal and Switzerland ard Iceland, for instance, there could be Q far less total gain than in this great nation. Germany was the first country to adopt Daylight Saving, the measure having been passed there April 6, 1916, and going into effect May | 1916. Other nations which followed suit include Hollapd, Austria, Turkey, England, France, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal Australia, Iceland Bermuda and Nova Scotia, the last named having been the first in the New World to adopt it. The law was passed by the Congress of the United States on March 16, 1918, and signed by President Wilson on March 19, 1918. The scheme brought about in the sim plest way a vital change affect ing millions. but without any confu- sion whatever resulting and with vir- tually universal approval and satisfac- ton.
 That extra hour of daylight every afternoon all summer long for Eeven months Is an enjoyment and q benefit to everybody. It gives the opportunity to get out into the open and reveI in the sunlight and the fresh air during the best part of the day. It makes , both for health and wealth. The worker in the mill or factory is glad to get away from his labor an hour earlier than otherwise. Likewise the