davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Minimum Wage

A minimum wage was also pro-
vided for in this English report.
II was approved in principle by the
United States Chamber of Com
merce programme in the following
language:
wages should be adjusted with
due regard to the purchasing power
of the wage and to the right OF
every man to an opportunity to
earn living at fair wages, to rea-
sonable hours Of work and work.
ing conditions, to a decent homo,
and to the enjoyment Of proper
social conditions"
The question Of shifting
monetary standard referred to in
this declaration is an important
aspect of this problem and Of the
whole wage question. 1t is the con-
tention of many that if minimum
wage is established it should vary
in proportion to the purchasing
value of the dollar The New Re-
public for example, in suggesting
. truce in striking, proposes the fol-
lowing;
"Neverthe less there Is condition
under which labor might properly
consider truce. That Is an accept
ance by the employers OF the principle
that wages. measured IN purchasing
power, shall not be less ample than
they were in 1913. Admit the Inde1
Number into the wage contract. so that
so much of wages as goes TO procure the
necessaries Of life may rise or fall with
prices. Then neither will the Iaborcr
need TO fear that failure to move for
higher wages now may expose him 70
an aggravation OF distress if prices
rise still higher. nor will the employer
need 70 fear that wages bill res stant
to change vii ruin his business II
prices fall'
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
For the Public

THE toII0w1ag trenty-t'ro men ~ere named by
| President Wilson to represent tie pubic al the
White House coufereaco
Bernard NJ Baruch of New York War
Industry Board.
Robert s. Brookngs, of St Louis chairman Of the
price fixing committee of that organization.
John D. Rockefeller, r
Judge Ebert H Gary, Of New York.
DR. Charles ". Eliot, president emeritus Of
Charles Edward Russell. Of York
John Spargo, of Vermont
The leaders
@ Z. Bradfute Xena Ohio president Ohio Farm Bureau
Federation
Ward Burgess, Nebraska
r K Galloway La Grange Ga
Thomas L. Chadbourne. New York.
Charles G.. Dawes,
H. B. Endicott, Milton.
Paul l.. Feiss, Cleveland
Edwin Gay administration
Harvard University.
George r. James, Memphis.
Thomas D. Jones, Chicago.
A. a. Iandon, Buffalo.
T. T Meredith editor Successful Farming
Gavin McNab. San Francisco
L. u. Sweet, Carboudale Col
Louis Titus. San Francisco.
In addition there taceng-t,co other conferrces
representing organized labor agricultural associations
bankers and manufacturers
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
The Neu Spirit

This whole question Of represent
alton and Joint committees is a
matter of new sympathy and of
a new realization Of partnership.
those employers and employees who
advocate it declare. With this com
munity Of interest is also placed
the rights of the public, upon which
a new stress is placed. These sem
tences from the electrical workers
agreement referred to above are an
interesting expression of this new
point of view:
"The vital interests Of the pub
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
characterization"

The second point, Of labors share
in shop management and repre-
sentation upon directorates, is
necessarily connected with the first
point Unless labor is thoroughly
organized such representation is I'M
possible.
It has been asserted that Presi-
dent Wilson would advocate the
principle of labor representatives
on boards of directorates at the
coming conference. In his speech
Of last May, he used the somewhat
vague phrase. characterization of
Industry" which some radicals were
inclined to view as an Endorsement
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05

lie and Of employer and employe in
industry are inseparably bound to-
gether All will benefit by con-
tinuous peaceful operation Of the
industrial process and the devotion
Of the means of production to the
common good.
Close contact and mutually
sympathetic interest between en-
ploye and employer will develop a
better working system, which will
tend constantly to stimulate pro-
iuction, while improving the rela-
tionship between employe, en-
ployer and the community"
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Naturalization

Naturalization Is separate ia
sue of great importance which will
undoubtedly be hotly debated by
the conference. The Plumb plan
viii doubtless form the centre OF
the railroad discussion. There Is
also the demand Of the Goa miners,
recently adopted by the Cleveland
convention. calling for the nation
alization Of coal mines. IN Fngland
this issue has formed an integral
part Of labor's demands, and Z may
prove SO in the White House con-
ference.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
The Four Points

The four chief principles about
which the debate seems likely to
centre and which are likely to be
represented in some form in what
ever conclusions are reached are
these:
Collective bargaining.
, The representation of labor in
shop management and upon
directorates.
9 The eight-hour day.
4. The minimum wage.
Unemployment, profit sharing and
child labor are additional problems
that will surely be discussed. As to
the first two. there is certain to be
a great variety of opinion and def
mite conclusions Will be difficult to
reach. AS to the last, there seems
every reason to expect substantial
agreement.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
President Wilson on Labor

<lvT~HE object of all reform in this (abor) essen
tial matter must be genuine democfatZalloh
Of industry based upon full recognition OF
the right of those who work. in whatever rank TO par
tlcpate in some organic way in every decision winch
directly affects their welfare the part they are to
play in industry."-NIay 20.
The Congress has already shown the way to one
reform which should be world wide, by establishing the
eigtnour day the standard in every field OF labor
over which it can exercise control. 1t has sought to
find the way to prevent child labor and WILL hope and
believe, presently find t."-May 20
eve shall call meeting to discuss the fundamen
tai Of betterng the whole relationship OF capital
and labor and putting the whole question of wages
upon another footing. -September l.
"1he labor programme which the conference OF
peace has adopted part Of the treaty Of peace
stltutes one Of The most important achievements of
the new day in which the interests of labor to be
Systematically and inelligently safeguarded and pro-
rnotcd.'-Sept. l.
There should be determination Of the prn-
ciples that should govern all relations between the
poyer and crnploye This should be founded good
conscience and should the question Of wage to
labor and return on capital, opportunity for advance
n2ent and recognition Of merit
There should be determination of WAYS bv
which these principles might be carried out 1t Is here
that vagueness and theorizing should be barred"-
September /.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
One OF the Parts Is Out of Fir

chief hopes for better conditions
upon joint committees and boards,
local and national. to promote a
sense Of partnership between capital
and labor and regulate conditions
of labor. wages, etc-everything, in
fact. except the business manage
ment Itself.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Unions

The principle of collective bar.
raining is likely to be the first and
basic demand of the lAse repre-
sentatives. II is also lIsely to be
supported by the majority Of the
other conferrees, If the trend of edl-
torial opinion in the country IS a
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Partial Truce
While Terms
of Peace Are
Sought

cases, for which special sanction
should be required. The general
provisions Of this report have been
approved by the present govern
ment IN England and are expected
to become law this winter.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Little Optimism Expressed

Yet, judging by published opin-
ions, it cannot be said that the con-
ference is approached with any de-
gree Of confidence by any of the
parties in interest, either labor. or
capital, or the general public. Ger
tain lines of industry have taken
certain steps in the general direction
of characterization" of industry,
he phrase used by President Wilson
last May. The Standard Oil COM
ranies have placed labor representa-
tives on their boards Of directors, for
example. But no real programme
has been put forward by any G.
and discussion in the press Of the
problems to be met has been infre-
auent and unsatisfactory. Neither
labor nor capital in America enters
the present crisis with any clear and
coherent resolves, so far as public
discussion reveals.
Dirided Opinion
Labor is split between radicals
who would end private property,
overthrow the present government
and set up Soviet system IN its
place, and the old line union leaders
Of the Gonpers type, representing
skilled labor in the main, whose chief
creed is collective bargaining, and
who have usually opposed the rep
resentatlon of labor in the manage
ment Of factories and profit sharing
Equally divided il capital, con-
servative minority Of which still op-
poses the organization Of labor. At
the other end stand q number of
employers who urge the complete
unionization Of labor, and base their
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
As the Reds Viem the Scene

The and the headlines beo,c from, The Rebel
orker, the Nec York Of the " H., and
the radicals conception Of labor fyoubies
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
Capital and Labor Meet the Publ
Strike Crisis
NearS as Con-
ference Assem-
bles

-~vHAT questions Will come
"a before the White House
Wv labor conference, which
nrco,,, 4 lac "a r,nnrro,..o
New-York tribune., 1919-10-05
4nother Thing to Think about

From The Indianapolis Ne,cs
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

Germany is making great preparations
FOR its representation at Paris. The
Amsterdam CORES pondent of THE Lon
don Daily Express" says an enormous
mass of documents has been prepared to
be taken to Paris by the German peace
delegation, which, with secretaries and
assistants, will number more than 100.
Prince Lichnowsky is again talked of to
head the German delegation.
Three labor meetings are being called
to assemble in Lausanne simultaneously
with the peace congress in Paris. Ar
thur Henderson for England, Albert
Thomas for France, and Emil Wander
velde for Belgium are calling one A
second is being summoned by NJ Jou-
haux, secretary of the Confederation
General du Travail, of France, while the
International Socialist Bureau, which
before the war had its office at The
Hague, will also meet in Lausanne.
The storm reused by Secretary
Daniels's greatest navy" programme
grows rather than lessons in intensity.
George W. Wickersham in cable to
The Tribune from London says "Mr
Daniels's announcement has gone very
far to spoil the good results of Mr.. Will
sons visit, and has injected an element
of dstrust where complete concord
might have prevailed" The Pail Mall
Gazette" commenting on Mr. Daniels,
said:
Il
those who cannot be persuaded with grace
must be driven with big stick 1t would
be an atfectation to assume that his words
are not pointed directly at the British En-
pire. We are the power invested with the
incomparably greatest navy at the present
time. 1t is our position that would be
most affected by fresh competition
American opinion was not more recep-
tive, on the whole, than foreign "The
Seattle Post Inteligencer" said:
Neither the United States nor the rest
Of the world will take seriously Mr.. Dan
lels's statement that the United States
plans to outbuild every navy in She world
Ii league of nations doesn't come out Of
the peace conference. The statement
comes at the wrong time to be effective If
we may be pardoned the expression, it is
entirely too psychological to change pub
nc opinion either at home or abroad Eur
thermore we may be certain that when all
the preliminary tumult dies down we will
have league of nations, and the Amer
can people will have something 20 saw
about any battleship race.
II 1T is necessary for the United States
to have the largest navy in the world, that
necessity will exist whether we have a
league of notions or not. The league of
nations will not of itself change mankind.
1t may or may not be an evidence of a
change in mankind If man has changed.
If he has learned his lesson from the past
tour years, the league is not necessary.
though it may be convenient If he hasn't
learned his lesson, the league will be of
doubtful value ard duration. In either
case, good-sized navy will be comfort
ing insurance. Whether we need the
largest navy in the world, however. VIII be
matter for the people and not M. Dan
iels to decide
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12
Too M Uch for
America

"The Arizona Republican" is no less
adverse:
Mr.. Danielss conditional threat on Mon
day to build the largest navy in the world
is obviously intended to bring Great Brit
ain, willy nilly, into league OF nations and
to meet the Presidents views regarding the
reduction Of ornaments. Mr. Daniel; in
forms a Senate committee that he repre-
sents the president in this conditional
threat. Between the news from Washing
ton and that from London and Paris, we
are thrown into a state of confusion. We
had learned from the two European capitals
that France and Great Britain were in ac-
cord with the President as to the league of
nations and that the President was in ac-
cord with Great Britain's notion regarding
the freedom of the seas and its determine
ton to hold first place as naval power
Mr. Daness threat will perhaps not Sc
riously affect the British attitude, whatever
1T may be, toward the league. British
statesmen we'll aware that the Amer
can people would never consent to start in .
such a race for first place when there is
no need OF it. One statement by the Score
tary will certainly not receive the approva!
of his countrymen, that if league is not
established America must have a navy as
powerful any in the world, to protect
small nations and to preserve the freedom
of the seas.
"Our people have not yet been educated
to the doctrine of universal protection. In
case league of nations is formed for that
purpose incidental to a preservation of the
worlds peace, we shall perform our part
IN 1t, but if no league should be formed the
American people would hardly undertake
the role of policeman for the whole world
We will be content with power to safe
guard our own interests, which are rem
dered by nature easily secured"
And "The Dallas News" is of the
opinion that Mr. Daniels is attempting
a bluff that will not succeed:
ut is not only in his greatly enlarged
ideas OF what should be the size of our
navy that Mr.. Daniels is showing the en-
thusiasm and excess of the new convert
He cannot wait for the reverberations of
one war to become stilled before announc-
ing plans Of practice for another war on 81
scale never before contemplated in this
country. There is to be two wears Of in
tensive training which will so stimulate
the keenness of the men that they will
feel that they are in actual war Maybe
they viii learn to drink TO 1.-The Day even
under the mild Indictment of crane juice.
1t seems fairly evident that in all this
surprising demonstration Mr. Daniels is
moved by the belief that he will brighten
reluctant and recalcitrant governments
into taking refuge in league of nations.
MIR. Daniels seems TO be engaged in a hit
OF pious propaganda. And yet one NAV
concede the restitude of his motive. and
still have reason to doubt whether it viii
accomplish precisely the end MIR. Daniels
| has in view"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

of league of nations, and he understands
it to mean the drawing into single circle
all the civilized nations Of the world
"But there is another hnt-a strong hint
in the speech of the King He wants Amer
lea to help him get lot of that territory
on the Adriatlc to confirm the act of Italy
in gathering to her bosom those brothers
so long sorrowing under OPPRESSION The
other allies, it is understood, have treated
a little coldly ltalys new born purpose Of
Selling the east coast of the Adriatic and
permitting no other nation to have a port
on that sea.
"The Italian King declares he shares the
high ideals of the President and that he
stands for a league of nations, but he has
another little matter at Paris, in which he
is deeply nterested-which happens to be
the acquisition of the eastern coast of the
Adriatc with all it's ports"
"The Philadelphia i~ress" sees a lot
of trouble, with no special reason to
hope on account of Italy:
"a great deal of equivocal talk has been
heard from the statesmen of all nations
and great deal of contradictory specula-
ton from correspondents abroad But from
1t all it is only possible to CLEAN that the
problems of the Peace Conference will be
as numerous and weighty as any pessimist
anticipated and that full agreement on
single one of them is not yet in sight"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

the Allies, having completed this work,
should approach Germany but not for the
purpose of asking her to enter the league
OF nations at the outset. That cannot be
until Germany has made full reparation
and has, in fact, submitted to the neces-
sary chastisement which justice imposes
The Allies would simply indicate the cor
dltions of peace formulated and decided
upon at the peace congress.
The third part OF the scheme is that
immediately after the peace treaty a uni
versal conference should be called At
this conference the Allies would make
known the obligations which they had en-
tired into regards themselves and would
call upon those nations anxious to join the
league of nations to observe the same
rules.
"Do not conclude that it would be an easv
matter for any nation to join the league
that all that would be necessary would be
to assent to the obligations imposed A
great deal more than assent viii be neces-
sary. The guarantees presented by each
state would be most carefully inquired into
by the conference, and very naturally. in
the case of Germany, would be strictly
verified"
The British idea is thus described by
G. H. Perris, Paris correspondent of
"The London Daily Chronicle:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12
"High Sounding,
But Meaningless"

American opinion was by no means so
certain as President Wilson that the re-
ception accorded him by the Italian peo-
pie meant that he would have the back
ing of the Italian delegates to the peace
congress. "rhc Montgomery Advert
ger" stated the case very plainly:
"Much of what has been said in Europe
has been high sounding but meaningless.
When responsible statesmen have spoken
on the peace conference they have illus-
trated the cid saying Of Tallcyrand, true
in diplomacy in his day, and true in diplo-
macy in the, twentieth century, that words
we're given 70 man to conceal his thoughts.
But She King Of Italy says something direct
and positive; he is AZ frank as was Premier
Cemenceau. He Ii for the Presidents plan
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12
"PraCfiCaI and
BuSineSSIike"

"The British idea is that the league
should be a practical and business-like
body, elastic in its constitution and using
such precedents as the Imperial Cabinet and
the Versailles committee of Prime Minis
tiers and Generals, rather than a SYMMETRY
cal, but artificial, structure. In any case.
it must be in some measure a copy of the
five fold character of the national govern
ments whose chief functions are defense.
legislation, administration, judicature, and
provisions for the free and regular express
sion of public opinion.
In other words, the league must have
means of enforcing it's decisions 1t must
have a conference in which extensions and
changes of international law can be dis
cussed and the opinion of it's constituents
ventilated. 1t must have-and this is at
present regarded as the essential thing
a powerful executive which would like a
trustee, watch continuously all possible
sources of trouble. Finally it must have
courts of law and arbitration for dealing
quickly with justiciable disputes"
Paris having got along this far Pres
ident Wilson is reported to have imme-
diately got to work on the league of ma
lions plan. But, says & dispatch to The
Tribune:
eff Mr.. Wilson has drawn up any specific
plans he has not divulged them to anybody.
and it is known that he is closely studying
various suggestions that are advanced by
others"
1t is now the accepted opinion that
President Wilson will have to divide his
attendance at the peace congress in two
parts, as it is not believed the treaty
can possibly be ready for signing before
June at the earliest, while he must be
home for the closing sessions of the
present Congress. 1t is reported from
Paris that he will return to America
about February u, make several ad
dresses to Congress and go back to
France after March 4.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12

ence. Idealistc craftsmanship may sketch
the broad outlines of peace, but the realists
must write the hard-and-fast specifications
of the peace artlcles.'
When President Wilson got back to
Paris he found the practical statesmen
had been at work laying out plan for a
league of nations. Lord Robert Cecil
and General SHUTS, for England, had re-
tired from the realm of words disspated
in the air and set their ideas down in
black on white, while Leon Bourgeois,
the veteran French statesman, had done
the same thing for France.
In an interview with the correspond
ent of "The London Daily Telegraph" NJ.
Bourgeois described the main outlines of
his plan as follows:
"The common scheme we have in mind
is divided into two parts. The first part
is that the Allies should first of all form
a Society of Nations among themselves,
fixing the conditions and fundamental
rules and taking solemn engagement to OBJ
serve them Compulsory arbitration, and
limitation of ornaments would, of course,
be two of the main features of the league
of nations entered into by the Allies, and
the obligations entered into would be in
serted in the peace treaty.
"The second part of our scheme is that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-01-12
Speeches
In Italy

After this it is small wonder Presi-
dent Wilson should think, temporarily,
at any rate, that he can dominate the
peace congress against the views of his
colleagues of the Allied countries.
Here are some of the characteristic
extracts from his Italian speeches. In
replying to the welcome Of the Mayor of
Milan the President said
81 am very much touched to-day, sir to
receive at the hands of wounded soldiers a
memorial in favor of a league of nations
and to be told by them what it was that
they had fought for-not merely to win this
war; but to secure something beyond, some
guarantee of justice, some equilibrium for
the world as whole which would make it
certain that they would never have to fight
war like this again"
In speaking to the delegation which
welcomed him to Milan:
"Thc world is not going to consist now of
great empires. 1t is going to consist for
the most part of small nations apparently,
and the only thing that bind small ma
tions together is the knowledge that each
wants to treat the others fairly. That is
the only thing. The world has already
shown that its progress is industrial. You
cannot trade with people whom you do not
trust and who do not trust you"
At the University of Turin:
"After all, when we areaseeking peace we
are seeking nothing else than this, that
men shall think the same thoughts, govern
their conduct by the same impulse, enter
tain the same purposes love their own
people, but also love humanity and, above
all else, love that great and indestructible
thing which we call justice and right"