davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
THE COURSE OF EMPIRE.
Travel Across the Plains Before the
Pacific Railroad Was Built.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir. THE
Suns editorial article entitled Fifty
Years OF Transcontinental Railroading"
on the fiftieth anniversary OF the join
ing OF the rails of the Union Pacific
and the Central Pacific railroads, re-
calls an important event In the history
OF our country.
The Union Pacific Railroad follows
the route once pursued by goldseekers,
pony express and overland stage. From
1929 to 1850 the chief locomotives em-
ployed on that trail. Indeed on the plains
generally, were oxen. the active life of
an OK in such service being two years,
after which It was fattened for beef.
Many OF those animals died from the
effects of alkali dust, ana In the win
ter OF 1866 ten thousand oxen in
the freight and passenger traffic on
what were to be the Union Pacific. the
Kansas Pacific and the Atchison. To-
peka and Santa Fe pathways were
frozen to death.
In their migration from the Missouri
River to the Salt Lake basin of Utah
the Momons travelled the present
Union Pacific route. then unsurveyed.
Much Of their freight was transported
in carts moved by man power. Three
men would draw one of those loaded
vehicles as three horses haul a wagon,
the man in the lead being known as a
spike" A Mormon acquaintance of
mine. Joe Wllgus. whose dust now lies
In the Rocky Mountains, served when
boy as ono Of those spikes"
The California Overland Mail, first
operating between st. Louis and San
Francisco. via FL Paso. Tex. in 1858.
had 166 stations and required 1900
horses.
An illustration OF the devious ways
OF travelling less than seventy years
ago may be seen in the story of the
little colony that founded the city OF
Manhattan, Kan. Some families at
Cincinnati. Ohio. bought n small steam
boat, sailed down the Ohio River to
the Mississippi. up the Mississippi to the
Missouri, up the Missouri to the Kaw,
and up the Kaw to the Big Blue. where
they laid out Manhattan twelve years
before the Kansas division of the Union
Pacific Railroad reached that point. So
many of those river expeditions have
proved less fortunate that some one has
said that the banks of the Mississippi
and the Missouri are in reality one long
lions sleep, and their waters have swal-
lowed up wealth enough for the pur-
chase OF an empire.
WILLIAM B. THoH.
NEW YORK, May -.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
THESE TROOPS HOME SOON,
Names OF Units Picked for Early
Return Announced.

WAsHINGToN. May Establishments
Of these organizations 10 early return
were announced to-day:
Headquarters ana Depot Section of
the Third Corps Artillery Park: Com
pany 1871, Transportation Corps. Com
pany A, 5l0th engineers Companies A. r,
C and u, Headquarters and Medical De
tarhment, 50sth engineers; headquarters
of the Tenth Battalion, the Sixth. Tenth.
Twenty-fifth. Twenty-sixth, Twenty-sev-
enth. Forty-first. Forty-hfth and Thirty
first companies, Twentieth Engineers .
l40th Field Artillery.
The transport Martha Washington, due
at New York May Il, has been diverted
to Newport News and should arrive
May 10.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
BEN BUFFERS DENIAL.
A Peppery Letter Sent to Patchogue
Inquirer In Civil War Days.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-SE: wher
General Benjamin +. Butler was in
command of New Orleans during the
civil war a man came on North and
reported around Patchogue that General
Butler took money illegally. My father
wrote General Butler informing him OF
these facts and General Butler wrote
HIM the letter which follows:
Georps ,. oarman. Esqr.:
DEAR Sin: The truth Is not in him
~ he nsser;s that he any one else
ever paid me any sum whatever for the
privilege OF shipping goods anywhere.
The only sum ever paid to my knowl
edge to any person for a permit for the
shipment OF goods was a clerks fee OF
two Dollars for a pass. The same was
exacted OF every body whether he had
goods with him or went alone, TO cover
the Expenses of the Provost Marshars
once where we had to employ Ave or
slS clerks for the use of those persons
wishing to do business and to travel
This expense ought not to be tax on
the United States. and therefore the
excise of two Dollars was levied
every Dollar OF which has been ao-
counted for to the Government.
Since I have returned to the North
have learned that there have been
such cases as these: dishonest con-
sIgneA wishing to steal tho money of
tho New York merchant who consigned
him goods. would enter in his account
sum. say 3 or $4,000 as paid to me for
permit. and when called upon for
voucher would say that OF course I
never gave vouchers for such money.
and so would pocket the same.
Permit me to thank you for the In
terest and friendship which has
prompted your interference TO protect
me from Calumny. I cannot protect
myself No man could Precisely tho
same charges were made against Gem
erai Jackson In New Orleans. that the
Cotton Bales were taken not for breast
works but for speculation.
was absent on a journey when your
kind note was received.
Yours truly,
BENZ. F. BrrrER
LOWELL. Mass. September 10 1863.
The foregoing letter was written by
an amanuensis and is a beautiful speci-
men OF pelmanship. We see no such
writing in these days.
ARLINGTON II. CARAVAN.
PATcHoduE, l.. l.. May 10.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
What Is This We Hear From Brazil?

A certain Mr.. MADEIRos DE ALBu-
QUERQUE, who is described as one of
the leading journalists of Brazil, has
returned from the United States TO
Rio Janelro laboring under a misap-
prehension or the effects Of a Door
voyage; for he writes in q Rio paper
as follows:
THE United States wants to OBJ
tain as part of the payment OF the
debt of France and England a bond
Cor Brazil's debts TO those Powers.
On the day this is realized Brazil
will be sold TO the United States,
which on the first occasion we fail
TO meet the interest will do to us
as she has done to Central American
nations . The United States In
contestably is the Prussia OF to-mor-
row."
1t seems to be the fact that France
and England offered to the United
States, in part payment OF what they
owe to us, notes and bonds of some OF
the South American repuMcs, lnclud-
Ing Brazil, and that the United States
Government feels kindly toward the
proposal.
Why should not n Brazilian con-
slider us creditor ms worthy as any
European Power? The United States
Will not be ms hard up as England or
France for the next generation. Surely
Mr.. ALBUQUERQUE does not take the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14

mercenary view that Brazilian notes
were better In the hands Of Euro
pean Government which could not
collect by force because the Monroe
Doctrine would make us stand be-
tween the creditor and the debtor?
As for Brazil being sold" to the
United States, Mr.. ALBUQUERQUE must
have amused the intelligent among
his readers. Are we not already hop
Ing for the day when the Philippines
and Porto Rico will come into their
own independence, even as Cuba ar
rived at hersH Republics are not
pythons, engulfing their mates. We
swallow Brazilian coffee, but not
Brazil, or even Mr.. ALBUoUEBQuE's
strange prophecy.
We can also assure our readers in
Rio and Sac Paulo that the United
States Is not 1.-THE Prussia of to-mor-
row." II the vexed journalist who ut
tered that phrase has been misled by
the liberties which an absent Presl-
dent has taken with American prin-
ciples, let him be treasured by the
remembrance that we have no dynas-
ties in this country: that the present
Congress Is not a Junker Bundesrath
or a helpless Reichstag, and that
March 4, 1921, is as certain as any
future date.
Brazil need not be alarmed. The
United States Is not harsh creditor.
1t wishes to be friends with all OF the
lower continent and to sell Yankee
notions and to buy coffee and the
other good things that the Southern
Cross shines IN
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
What Might Have Been.

Every bill collector knows that the
longer a debt runs the harder 1t Is to
get the debtor to pay 1t. That is why
Germany Is protesting against the
terms Of the peace treaty with a voice
far louder than she could have found
six months ago, when the armistice
was declared, or four months ago,
when the terms Of the victors might
have been announced.
There may be much assembling In
the demonstrations and utterances Of
the Germans, but nobody doubts that
the spirit Of rage and resistance, per-
haps impudence. now existing in Ger
many was not there early last winter.
The memory Of defeat was then fresh.
The Germans we're so heartily sick Of
war that any terms seemed accept
nbe. Their signing Of FocH's armis-
tice showed that.
Germany was then well beaten,
spiritually as well as physically. The
whole world waited impatlently for n
peute WiiSh Noulu VI lHs NuiNh IL
turn of normal conditions Germany's
medicine should have been ready for
her to swallow by New Years. 1t Is
true that some other peace conferen-
ces have lasted year or more. but
there never was previous peace con
gress for whose final determinations
so much was held In allegiance.
A quick peace, with n lelsurely con-
sideration afterward Of plans, ethe-
real and otherwise, for the mil
lennium. was what might have been.
Two obstacles stood in its way. One
was the decision OF the European vic
tors not to be bound by the Fourtecl
Points or Principles. The second Wns
the determination Of President VIII
SON to carry out the scheme, old even
in WILLIAM PENIS time. for a league
OF nations to enforce peace and to act
as a general dictator Of all mundane
affairs.
The Fourteen Points were Mr.. VIII
soN's own child. The league scheme
was founding picked from the door.
step Of the Past. Yet Mr.. WILSON,
having to decide between them, chose
to keep the ancient, fatherless and
bunged up BARN, even though his
choice meant the brutal dlsmeInber-
ment Of the fair infant Of the Four
teen Points
This choosing. accomplished with
the aid of HERop rather than SOLO
MON. took time; hence the cries of In
dignatiOn from the region east Of the
Rhine-cries that grow louder rs one
after another OF the Allies arD;y
cor1,s are demobllized.
The bill against Germany should
have been rendered long ago: and
then. while the whole world. including
n still scared Germany. went back to
tlIe shop and the field, Mr.. WILSON and
his thoughtful band Of photographers,
ethnologists and geographers could
have devoted the rest of their lives
Though not at the American publics
expense. we trusD TO the perfection
of the League.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
son to disguise him with a new

reason to disguise him with new
terminal.
All is not war under Postmaster
General BURLEsoN's Jurisdiction, how
ever. Bundle Bee In Arizona and
Yellowjacket in Idaho have been dis
continued; Arkansas has lost Nix /:
Grubgulch in California, and Barefoot
In Georgia are no more. Kentucky Is
rid Of Illwill, Of Radical, and Of Non
chalanta. Louisiana has lost Eden,
and Texas no longer boasts Democrat
or Woodrow. Domestic, not interna-
tional affairs, account for the erasure
Of Book from Virginia.
1t Is scarcely fair to presume that
the new office Grippe in West vir-
ginia was named In Jest. The word
has a tragic meaning for the whole
country-the whole world. Yet Grippe
is on the list of post, Offices, a recent
arrival in that long and always IN
teresting record OF oddities in place
naming.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
War and Peace In the Postal Guide.

4 year ago there were two Per-
shings in the list of post offices of the
United States. One of them was in
Indiana, the other IN Nebraska. Now
there are four, Colorado and Missouri
having honored the Commander In
Chief of the Expeditionary Forces by
giving his name to Offices Missouri
was emphatic In her action; she abol-
ished Potsdam to make way for the
American soldier. FoCH has an Office
named after him in Texas. Haig ap-
pears in Alabama, in compliment to
the British Field Marshal, and the
battlefield of France Is commemor-
ated by Picardy in the State OF
Maryland.
Missouri remembered we are Mt
war with Austria Hungary, ana wiped
Wien, the capital of the Hapsburg
Empire, from the map. Mail for what
was Wien now goes 10 New Cambria.
appropriately enough. Ohio has dis
carded two Berthas, but ii Is not re-
corded that Fat Bertha's lombard
ment OF Paris led to their abolish
ment. Perhaps the pr, nee of Amer
lean soldiers in the valley Of the
Rhine reconciles Missouri TO the con-
tinuance of one name of German an
tecedents; at any rate, mail formerly
sent to Starkenburg in that State is
now consigned TO Rhlneland.
There has been heavy mortality
among post office names of obviously
Teutonic origin In the last twelve
months. The appellations adopted in
their places sufficiently reveal the mo-
tive behind the changes in most cnses.
Berlin, Ca, has given place to Lens:
Berlin, Ia, has become Lincoln. In
other instances, the new names are
not as significant as these. Otoe sup
plants Berlin in Nebraska. lone takes
Its place in Nevada, Bina In North
Carolina. and Miller River in Wash
ington. New York has substituted
Cherryplaln for South Berlin, North
Carolina has Delco instead of New
berlin, Ohio changes New Berlin TO
North Canton, and Vermont has
pitched on Riverton to designate an
office once New Berlin.
Germania has disappeared from Ar
kansas. giving way to Vimy Ridge.
and from Wyoming to make room for
Emblem. In California Germantown
has become Artols, in Kansas, Mercler
the Belgian Cardinal must visit his
namesake when he comes herein
Tennessee Neshoba, and in Texas
Schroeder. In New Hampshire Ger
man Valley and New Germantown
have been transformed into Long Val
ley and Oldwick, respectively. North
Dakota's Bismarck Is now Wright,
Pennsylvania Quentin, in honor of
the brave son Of u brave father. North
Dakota has done away with KEEL, set
ting up Loyal in its place, and Korn,
which has become Corn. In Texas
Old Glory deSgnates what was once
known as Brandenburg, and Liberty
Bond has pushed Timber Lake off the
map In Washington.
Louisiana once had n Wilhelm, but
it Is no more. Anxious inqulrers
should apply at Tunica for informa-
ton concerning Its history.
The disappearance of German from
Indiana Is easily comprehensive, but
why Bunda succeeds 1t is not 30 clear.
Had the name of General OMAR
BUNDY been in mind when the alter
alton was in progress, there was no
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
A SECOND BURRITT?
Ellhu's Pursuit Of Peace Was Ear.
nest rs Well rs Futile.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: Your
leading editorial article OF Saturday sug-
gests to me that Mr. Wilson may have
borrowed large draft of inspiration
from Elihu Burritt.
The learned blacksmith, in 1916, went
to England, where he formed the League
OF Universal Brotherhood. whose object
was Ito employ all legitimate means for
the abolition OF war throughout the
world" Also he took prominent
part in all the European peace confer
ences." But. pshaw! How could it be q?
Burritt was fluent In only twenty-five
languages. F. F. HAWKINS,
TROY, Nav IS.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
Our Soldier Gets His Bond and Some
Explanations With 1t.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sir: My
Second Loan bond. thanks TO the ef-
forts OF THE SUN. has arrived also n
lot of explanations as to why it was not
delivered sooner. A little publicity. sir.
is n great awakener. Why. l had an
swers from a First Lieutenant, a Colo
mel and BrIgadier-G General.
But all this worry and trouble could
have been spared II the authorities had
used little common sense and posted a
few notices giving the information as to
Liberty bonds, insurance. &c. at the
different rehabilitation camps
], G, Schulz.
BROOKLYN, May IS.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
GERMAN TRANSPORTS.
We're Ships Prepared to Move an
Army to the British Islesi

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN--Str; At
frequent Intervals during the war we
read in dispatches from European cap
itals and from London that the Ger
man military leaders had planned and
prepared to invade the British Isles with
an army England kept an army-or
atmies-at home. we were told. to meet
the German forces should the execution
OF this plan be attempted.
It is obvious that to move a German
force sufficient In size to accomplish
anything in such venture would have
required a great fleet
Has anything been discovered since
the armistlce was signed to indicate
that Germany had prepared ships to
move a force of troops across the Chan
nel2 INQUIRER.
NEW YORK, May Is.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
GARMENT MAKERS TO QUIT
Thousand on East So" u"
strike To-day.

A strike Of more than 10000 s'-
makers on the Fast Side has been ''
TOR to-day to obtain a forty-fg3r
week and a minimum w.ee sea"
order to quit was issued YESTERDAY H'".-
noon by Benjamin Schlesinger, T-r-. '"'.
Of the International Ladies' Gs."''
Workers linton. after an attemIt 80.
concessions from the manutacturrr.
Mr.. Schlesingcr said the STRIKE
mean the end OF the sweat shop -'
and lengthen the busy season Hu" "a
to q Eht months.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14

Sprightly HORACE L. HoTCHKIss.
founder of the Seniors Golf Associa'
ton, celebrated his seventyseventh
birthday at the recent annual dinner
of the association. The other boys
at the dinner insisted upon the founder
making a speech, in the course OF
which he said: "Old Father Time has
brought me to another anniversary.
How much owe to our noble game
OF golf / am unable to estimate" But
after he was warmed up by making
few good oratorical strokes he did
make an estimate of the value of the
game, saying:
"If l were to refer TO the psy-
chology of golf. I would dwell upon
the varying moods which influence
the players-frst the vision of the
links, sky, trees, grass, fairways
and bunkers: second. companion
ship and rivalry In the game.
quality OF play and its influence on
the mind. Some one has remarked
that golf taught him humility. an
other has said he had attained an
absolute understanding OF the diff
ference between disappointment and
encouragement. Golf teaches us
many things. but the greatest OF all
Is self-control."
And self-control, along with a few
other things, mean mastery.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14

Under usual academic conditions
Avery Hall of Columbia University is
the building devoted to architectural
studies. Now, with its exhibit of a
treasury of Roosevelt mementos
making a veritable panorama OF his
career, It has the honor OF teaching
the noblest lesson In architecture, the
building OF a great Americans life.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
BOileau Up to Date.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: on
reading your article on "A League OF
Nations at the Price OF Shameless Bar
ter" am reminded OF this:
Once (says an author. where need not
say
Two travellers found an oyster in their
way:
Both fierce. both hungry. the dispute
grew strong.
While. scale in hand. Dame Justice
passed along.
Before her, each with Glamour pleads
the laws:
Explained the matter and would win
the cause.
Dame Justice Weighing long the doubt
full right.
Takes. opens. swallows II before their
sight
The cause OF strife removed so rarely
we'll.
There, take" says Justice. take you
each a shell.
We thrive at Paris on fools like you:
Twas a fat Oysterl Live In peace
Adieu."
NEW York. May IL. A. W. PAGE,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14

Mr.. Won WIEoANp cables to THE SUN
from Berlin that MAMMALIAN HAIR
DENIS statement that the peace terms
went beyond what he had expected
was based on assurances he had from
"a representative OF Col. - (name
deleted)." Colonel? Now could this
have been Col. H-u-s (name partly
deleted)?
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14

Colonel JAMES HAMILTON LEWIS con-
fesses that he Is "surprised' at the
public sentiment he encountered in the
far West against the Administration
at Washington" How much more
frank about this subject Is Colonel
JAMES HAMILTON LEWIS than was SEN
ator JAMES HAMILTON Lewis
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
Wins by Majority of One.

Whatever the reason, Mr. Prall was
elected president by majority of one
vote. Then when he had read his pre-
pared speech of acceptance Mrs Muir
ray arose and nominated Mr.. Wilsey for
vice-presldent, Mr.. Yeska seconding the
nomination. Mr.. Wilsey was elected
without opposition. Mr.. Prall had been
nominated by Mr.. Yeska ard promptly
seconded by Mrs. Murray-who is said
not TO be a great partisan OF the Soners
party.
President Prall in his speech Of aocep.
lance OF the honor said. after voicing
his appreciation OF Mr.. Somers's work
while president of the board, that within
the next two years the Department OF
Education intends to spend s2l, 800. 900
on new sites and school buildings-"the
most extensive expenditure for improve
ments ever made by a Board of Educa-
ton"
Last year. he said. the department
had spent ss555.oo0 on improvements,
OF which s79l 900 had been spent in
Manhattan. $1,000 900 in the Bronx. ST.
100000 f. Brooklyn. so.147.00O In
Queens and Sa97 900 in Richmond Dur
ing the action on several resolutions
which followed 1t was announced that
the board jury. which heard the evidence
for and against Benjamin Glassberg, a
teacher accused OF teaching RED" doc
trlnes in the Commercial High School.
Brooklyn. would deliver its verdict at
the next meeting Of the board. There
will he no continuing OF Bolshevlk doc
trines in the SCHOOLS during the Office OF
President Prall. he announced.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14

Highest temperature, 70, at gas NJ
Lowest temperature. AZ. at A NJ
Average temperature. 60
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14

steila-The League is in the peace
treaty.
Belia-Thats nothing; "obey" is In the
marriage vow.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
When 1t Began.

The Indians sold Manhattan for s24.
Rent pronteering I" cried the settlers
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14

London once, 4o-43 Fleet street.
Paris once. q Rue de Ia Michodiere, on
Rue du Quatre Septembre.
Washington once, Munsey Building.
Brooklyn once. Room 202. Eagle Build
ting, sos Washington street.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14

. ~ orr friends ioho Jdror US ,rih mans.
ecvtpts and Ulustrations for publication tctsh
10 Nave rejected articles returned fhev must
~ ~ oases ssnd stamps for that purpose.
TELEPHONE, BEEKMAN 22oo.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-05-14
ELECTS A. S. PRALL
TO SOMERS'S POST
Board of Education Chooses
Hylan's Friend to Be Its
President.
VOTE NO SHOCK TO HIM
Pulls His Inaugural Message
From Pocket as He As
Sumes Chair.

Aiming s. Prall, close friend of Mayor
Hylan and member Of the Board Of Ed
ucation, should not be counted among
tho big crowd of citizens who had con-
hdently believed that at the annual meet
Ing OF the board. held yesterday after
noon In the Department of Educatlon's
building at Park avenue and F1fty-ninth
street. President Arthur s. Somers would
be reelected to succeed himself.
In fact. the Mayors friend, Mr.. Prall,
had so good bunch about how the cleo
ton was to turn out that one second
after the count showed that Mr.. Prall
had been elected president Of the Board
OF Education and he had taken his place
In the presiding officers chair, the brand
new President Prall reached into his in
sldo pocket, brought forth a typewrit-
ten manuscript upon which the ink
seemed to have been dry for many
hours, and instantly began to read his
inaugural address, The speech began
with an appreciation of the worth of
our retiring president, Mr.. Somers"-
who had been Mr.. Pralls only opponent
in the campaign, but whose chances from
the hrst had been nil. to judge from the
cocksuGe tone Of Mr.. Prall's address as
prepared before tho nominations had
even been made