davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

blessing can attach to(this mass plum
der which is without parallel in his
tory and which was thinkable only un-
der Turkish regime.
"A person does not become a business
man by staying one. Nobody learns a
trade by destroying its tools. A thinlv
populated country will not be rendered
more productive by the determination
of its most industrious inhabitants
The economic damage, which is BY
no means limited to the Immediate
losses, huge as they are, but which will
be revealed to its full extent only
later, will have to be borne by Germany
and Austria in the first place."
And here, Inadvertently, it would
seem, DR.. Lepsius makes an important
admission. The world had occasion to
llsten to tales of the enthusiasm with
which the entire Turkish people went
into the "holy war" against the infidels.
The war, 1t was said, was hailed by
the Turkish masses as the great op-
portunity of Moslem revival, as the now
dawn Of Ottoman strength and gran
deur. In word, the Turkish, or rather
the German, press represented the war,
from the Turkish point of view, as the
osmanli equivalent of Der Tag"
Maybe this was the view taken of
the struggle by the Young Turk INTEL
lectuals Of Constantinople. 1t was not
the view taken by the Turkish masses.
II DR.. Lepsius is right. Note his
version;
Perhaps the popularity Of an un-
popular war was enhanced in tho ave,
of the Turkish mob by the chance TO
rob and annihilate the nom Mahom etan
populace, first Of all the Armenians.
then Syrians, Greeks, Maronites and
Jews. Thoughtful Mahometans. how
ever, will, in view Of the losses suf-
fered by this country, most sincerely
deplore the economic ruin Of Turkey
and will reach the verdict that the
turkish government has lost immense
~ more through the domestic warfare
than it could ever hope to gain by a
victory abroad"
In regard to the question Of enlicht-
ening the German public about the
Armenian horrors, DR.. Lepsius does
not attempt to conceal the fact that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27
By Eugene S. Bagger

Ct: : '; NJ; s::: :: :: :::::+
Moslem ideas and Mos
lem influence must pre-
dominate. All other religious propa-
ganda must be suppressed. The exist
ence Of the empire depends on the
strength of tho Young Turk party
and on the suppression of all antag
onistic ideas"
The above passage is quoted by DR..
Lepsius from resolution adopted in
1911 by the convention Of the Young
Turk party at salonIca. 1t contains.
according 70 tho German writer. the
theological background Of the policy
which eliminated in the determination
Of the Armenian people.
THE programme Of the young
Turk) government vas determined nv
TWO leading considerations" Or. Lep-
siaa says In another place. "First.
tho csntralistic idea. which postulated
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

it necessary formally to obtain the
support of at least one great power
hostile to Russia. They found that ally
in Great Britain, forming an alliance
early in the century which has lasted
down to the present day.
The first treaty with Great Britain
provided for the maintenance Of the
integrity and independence of Corea
as we'll as that of China, but the Corea
clause was dropped In renewals of the
treaty when the march of events in
East Asia became obvious. The treaty
has been modified several times to
meet the changing status of Oriental
conditions, for it was originally de-
signed to keep the field clear for Japan
in meeting the thrust from Russia
down into China and Corea, a menace
that no longer exists.
Russia in the nineties was complet-
ing the Transsiberan railway across
Manchuria, the northern province of
China. Hardly had the Japanese with
drawn from the southern section of
Manchuria at the insistence of Russia,
France and Germany than tho Cars
ministers, by connvance with the arch
intriguer, Lii Hung Chang, took pos
session of the peninsula of Liaotung
by lease for twenty-five years, and
began to extend branch of thu Siber-
ian road from Hardin, on the Siberian
road, south to Port Arthur in the pen
insula,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

10 MORE powerful Indictment Of Turkeys in Armenia
appeared during the than that presented By
Drter, Dr. Johannes Lepsu chairman Orient
Mission and the German rnenjan
gated the Armenian prosecutions the Incorporated
rnds9s m report entitled D Lage des
lurk published secretly at Potsdan rp7ey
oooooras the testimony Of American
ENDORSES the report published By the carqcs
the responsibility for the Armenian outright the Turkish
government declaring that the determination
"o decded upon at Consantinope poic Tho
o'"os s"ence the alleged government to
stop the prosecutions and his the German cnsorsn
""~ throughout wthed the truth the public costi
'"'' q" anptct admission Of Gemanys
IN 'Uo preceding articles haze
1psuss Narrative Of the his anolss Of the
attitude Of the Young Turks y WV
"e connd'ng article, printed gves Lepsus vieaus
" " '"s eOecs OF the prosecutions Turkeys economic
stotus. ~''0
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

only their own ignorance and lack of
culture. Eighty per cent Of the Arme-
man population of Turkey consisted of
peasants; the number of city dwcllers
was about equally divided between COM
merce on the one hand and the liberal
PROFESSIONS and various handicrafts on
the other.
Neither is religion an adequate ex-
PLANTATION Of Turkish inferioritv in tho
mercantile field. In competition with
Armenians and Greeks, Pcrsians and
Arabs (Moslems themselves) always
hold their own, inasmuch as thew are
not handicapped by ignorance of Ian
guage"
Gcrmany's trade relations with tho
Armenian, Greek and Jewish firms IN
tho Turkish empire were based on a
system of long-term credits, DR.. Len
sius explains. This is in contrast to
the English custom of granting credits
Tor very short terms only. an suite
of the fact" he writes, chat these Ar
men!an, Crock and Jewish firms have
TO sell on tho basis Of six or nine
months credit and are seldom II ever
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

! surplus population unless they con-
trolled territories and natural re-
sources abroad. The Coreans and
Chinese had not the power to restrict
their approach in the way that the
United States and the British Pacific
"colonies have seen fit to do so those
Asiatc territories became the Japan
csc objectives
China at first attempted to resist,
disputing, quarter Of a century ago,
the interference Of Japan In Corea,
which kingdom the Chinese had long
claimed as a dependency, though with
as shadowy an excuse as they now claim
authority over Tibet and Mongolia. The
ChinaJapanese war Of 1894 resulted
in the quick defeat Of the Colossus,
the modern-trained Japanese forces
sweeping the Chinese rabblc before
them almost as rapidly as they could
advance. The Japanese planned not
only to rid Corea Of the Chinese, but
to establish themselves also in Port
Arthur, the strategic naval base which
the approaching Russians already
showed signs of coveting. But three
Of the European powers Russia,
France and GERMANY advised" the
Toxic government in unmistakable
terms that it would be wise to with
draw.
The Japanese complied, but not with
out anticipating their next and greater
struggle-that with Russia. To an
amazing degree the Japanese had begun
to comprehend international matters
that were so new to them. To Europe
the millions of soldiers Of the Car
were terror from which the creates,
nations had shrunk. Russia, it will be
remembered, had long been regarded
by Great Britain as her first menace
ard by Germany as a constant threat
to her existence. But the men who in
their youth had worn skirts and long
queues, who daintily famed themselves
and drank tea from delicate cups, had
gone abroad throughout the world and
made their own estimate Of other men.
their laws, religions and machines, and
had determined that the Great Bear
that lay across Europe and Asia was
by no means the formidable power that
European nations believed
They estimated correctly. however,
that he could muster friends and allies,
an0 they found also that there were
rivals with opposing interests among
the European nations, and they deemed
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

the German press hoodwinked It's own
readers by limiting itself to the pub
hcation of mendacious Turkish off,
clal bulletins. On the other hand, he
points out that this was due mainly to
the rigid censorship Exercised by the
German government BY defending
the German newspaper press DR.. Lep-
sius thus indicts the German govern
ment. The following passage is highly
Illuminating:
I'm Germany, also, when the unjusti-
lied excitement over the American re-
ports had Gained down-these reports
were, in the meantime, fully confirmed
through German sources-the facts be-
gan to be circulated in secret The
better class press, which even during
the war remained conscious Of its re-
sponsibility toward its public, pre-
ferred, with few exceptions, TO keep
silent altogether on the Armenian
question, as the censorship could not
permit, out of regard for Turkey, tho
public discussion of the situation
However, Dir. Leps.us is unable to
deny that the Turkish presentation OF
the events found ready credence in
the German press: Naturally, the
German press was glad to take cogni-
zance of these assurances of an allied
government and treated them with
due CD confidence"
Tbs result was, according 70 the Ger
man writer, that when the first Amer
lean reports were published, in August
and September. 1915, the German
newspapers refused to credit them and
charged American bluff. Some even in
aisted on branding the American re-
ports as products of the English lie
factory" DR.. Lepsius remarks: Had
tho reports been known in full, suen
accusations would have been omitted
The English reports confined them
selves exclusively to the reproduction
of American sources" lie continues:
The American reports were pub
lished by committee composed OF
men who inspired the greatest con-
hdence even in Germany The reports
nothing but communications
from eyewitnesses, chiefly consa!s and
missionaries, and are limited to state
mcnts of fact, without going into y
discussion Of the political side Of ths
matter" :.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

the war in Europe was none Of Amer
ica's business. To Count Okuma. an
exceedingly crafty statesman, the stu
alton appeared to be, as he was cred
tied with stating, "the opportunity of
ten thousand years"-an Oriental
phrase meaning eternity.
What has been acknowledged bv
many Japanese as the greatest blum
der one Of their administrations has
ever made. was the attempt that came
IN 1915 to obtain control of China.
Contrary to both the letter and shirt
OF the Japanese treaty with Great
Britain, the Toxic government pre-
sented a series of twenty-one demands
TO China, requiring concessions of a
farreaching character in Manchuria
Shantung, Fukien, in the Yangtze River
valley, and even in Picking, over the
central government itself.
The preamble Of the Anglo-Japanese
alliance provides for the maintenance
OF the integrity and independence of
emma, and one Of the clauses pledges
either party to inform the other if anv
transgression is perceived. Here the
japanese were themselves the agrees
sors, yet they officially denied for sew
eral months the accuracy Of the state
ments given out by the Chinese-who
had no other defence but to appeal to
public opinion throughout the world.
While attempting to take control of the
Chinese army and encroaching upon
other branches of China's internal adj
mlnlstratlon, the venerable Japanese
count persistently treasured the West
ern world with promises to return
Isingtau to full Chinese sovereignty.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

them in May, 1915 Later they desired
to enter the war, not that they could
give any great military help to the Al
lies or had any grievance against Ger.
many, but in order to obtain a placs et
the peace table, where they hoped N
recover by diplomacy a measure Of tn.
losses they had suffered because Of mil.
itary inef1iciency. But the Japanese
government perslstently prevented
China entering the war until after tina
hard pressed Allies had given pledges
to Japan that they would recorniz.
Japan's claims to the transfer Of Ger
many's concessions and possessions in
Tsingtau and along the railway in
Shantung.
When President Wilson iiaally broke
off relations with Germany and sent
broadcast invitations to the various
neutrals to do likewise the Chinese
then mustered sufficient courage to
comply, and actually declared war be-
fore the President asked Congress to
recognize that state of war existed.
The American Minister in Picking.
Paul S. Reinsch, man OF German
origin and to a large extent sympathy.
had been hostile to the japanese for
the long period of his tenure in the
American Legation, and it Is said, per-
haps correctly, that he promised
m
peace table.
In Paris the Chinese delegation
thought, up to the day President Will
son made his decision, that he would
insist that the German concessions
and possessions (Which included rail
ways and cables) should be returned
direct to China; but the President
finally agreed that, as the Japanese
commended, unless the European DOW
ers and America were willing likewise
to denounce all the treaties they had
imposed on China by force of arms
Japan could not be required to do so.
The finished clauses of the peace
treaty with Germany relating to
Shantung transfer the German lease
at Kiao chau and the German rail-
ways, cables, etc, to japan, and Japa-
nese statesmen have promised by word
of mouth, in gentlemen's agreement.
as 1t were, to return Tsingtau % China
according TO the China-Japan treaties
of 1915, which stipulate that China
shall open the port to the commerce
of all nations and grant Japan trad
ing concession or settlement at that
port.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

that he could accomplish in three
been unable to get across In thirty
weeks that which Abdul Hamid haa
years." to wit, the determination of the
Armeniars. "The argument that with
the few guilty ones an immense num-
Der Of innocent were to suffer was met
by Turkish army officer with the fol-
lowing remark: The same question
was put by some ons to our Propbet
Mahomet-God's peace be with him
and he answered.: "If flea bites YOU
would you not kill all feas"?'"
The author does not hesitate to pro.
claim his conviction that by uprootlng
the most progressive and best gifted
element Of the population the Turkish
government pushed the empire to the
verge Of economic ruin. He says:
"The an1ihilation of the Armenian
people means not merely the extinction
OF 10 to rs per cent Of tho population
IN Anatolia, but, what weighs more
heavily, the elimination Of the cultural
ly most valuable and economically most
developed element Of the population"
DR.. Lepsius defends the Armenian,
against certain slanderous allegations
as to their honesty and trustworthi
ness which we're circulated in tho Ger
man press by way Of expiating tho
Turkish attitude.
AS the entire export and import
trade is divided between Greeks. Ar
menians and. Jews. and as the Turk
himself never rises above the stage of
retail trade and remains, on the whole
and apart from the bureaucratic caste.
IN the peasant class, the aversion of
turks to Armcnians, Greeks and Jews.
lnasmuch as not Of religious charac-
ter, must be considered as the outcome
or natural antagonism between nat
ural and money economy, between
primitive agrarian culture and incipi-
ent decentralization.
"Those German correspondents who
constantly refer to the Armenans as
crooks and exploiters (these arc tho
shmo gentlemen whose vocabulary for
describing Scrbians was limited to tho
cplthot 'cnttlo thieves) evince thereby
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

porter IN Constap tinople who gets his
supplies principally from Germany and
Austria. The outstanding claims of the
urn amount at present to 1892 Turk
ISL pounds (about $4,000, owed by
3'o clients in forty-two cities of the
interior. These claims are now, owing
to the deportation of Armenans, uncol-
iectible. The 37S customers, plus their
employees stores and property, have
simply disappeared off the face of the
earth. Those who survive are at pres
ent beggars somewhere on the edge of
the Arabian desert"
According to DR.. Lepsius, it is chiefly
the import trade of Turkey that is con
centrated in the hands of Armenians
While the exports are mainly controlled
by Greeks. He estimated that at lea st
90 per cent of the entire import trade,
10 per cent of the exports and at least
80 per cent of the trade in the interior
was held by Armenians.
The significance of the Armenian i'm
porting firms becomes evident only if
we consider that before the war Turkey
had practically not single manufac,
turing establishment, and every
description of goods and articles of
consumption had to be imported from
Europe. look here" Turk said to
Dr. Lepsius, "everything l wear excep
my beard comes from Frenghistan
(Europe) But for these Frenghi
(Europeans) we should be Obliged to
go about naked like our ancestors
Adam and Eve.
From the entire Armenian commerce
OF Turkey all that survived is a few
firms in Constantinople and Smyrna,
as these cities have, on the whole,
been spared from deportations. All the
trade In the interior, with it's stocks
OF wares and accumulated values and,
what is worse, with all the values Of
creative energy, has been annihilated.
ut Is doubtful gain IL the entire
property of the Armenian populace In
the interior (houses, real estate. stocks
of wares, furnishings, foodstufYs down
to clothing and shoes, all except the
belongings of Armeninns forcibly con-
verified to Islam) is appropriated by the
Turkish government and distributed at
low prices or FREQ of charge amonr tho
Turkish and Kurdish population. No
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27
BY Frederick Moore

::-: mt: Is n: ':., : :::: ..: :;
of all the territorial set
Elements comprised in the
vast treaty of peace with Germany,
the Senate takes serious issue with the
President and the Allied statesmen of
Europe?
Except in missionary circles and
among a few consuls and diplomats who
have represented the United States in
the Far East, there is little known in
this country about Shantung other
than that the province produces a pc
culiar quality of raw silk that bears
its DEMONSTRATING silk, or pongee
Yet this remote Chinese province has
become the subject of grave contro-
versy between this country and japan.
What is Shantung and why should
this primitive province of backward
China be regarded in the United
States as the one bad territorial error
of the President in making peace :?
Shantung is one of China's most i'm
portant provinces. 1t is about the size
Of the state of Illinois, with $500
square miles of territory and about
forty million INHABITANTS. No census
has ever been taken anywhere in
China, so that the exact population of
a province or even Of the city of
Peking, the capital Of the country, is
unknown. Shantung is on the coast,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27
Group 7 Withdrawn,

Largely because of the storm of pro
test that developed in the British and
American press, the japanese Foreign
Office finally withdrew what was known
as Group of the demands, which af-
fected the central administration of
China, though by moving military
forces into Shantung and Manchuria
and threatening to employ them they
obtained the provincial concessions
they demanded, which were of enor-
nous political, strategic and CONNER
clai value, and gave them special privi-
leges beyond those which any European
power or the United States possesses
to-day.
The Chinese granted these conces-
SONS and signed the treaties covering
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

Mr. Moore recently N York Tribune correspondent accredited
the especially fitted the problem of Shan
of The Associated Press the critical Chno
history
1919 how China republic, charge
7singau campaign
Notifications the Shantung he
Of the political history
o China.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

most Of the province being a PENN
sula jutting out into the Yellow Sea
in the direction Of Corea.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-07-27

w THAT is the problem of
wv Shantung, over which, alone
w of all the territorial set
The Cordova daily times. [volume] (Cordova, Alaska) 1914-1947, 1919-04-22
ENGLAND WANTS ITS
MILK SUPPLY PURIFIED

LONDON, April 81 (by Associated
Press) .-Contrasting the milk supply
of London with the cleaner and more
healthful milk compelled by law in
New York city, the National Clean
Milk Society is appealing for funds
through the London newspapers to
carry on a campaign for legal milk
betterment here.
The appeal points out that while
all New York dairy herds must be
free from tubercular cattle, between
eight and nine per cent of the milk
supplied in London county contains
Giving eubercle." The society asserts
that, while Grade A milk in New York
must not contain more than 10000
bacteria per cubic centimetre at any
time before reaching the consumer,
the average London sample contains
not less than 100000 bacteria per
cubic centimetre." The society says
American milk is bottled before 1t is
shipped, and remarks that "the con-
duct of the dairy has become a
science which is practically unknown
in this country to the trade, the public
or any but an extremely small number
of public health officials
The Cordova daily times. [volume] (Cordova, Alaska) 1914-1947, 1919-04-22
INDELIBLE PENCILS FOR
ELECTION OFFICERS use

LOS ANGELES, April Fl (by Asso-
ciated Press) BY the substitution of
indelible pencil for ink, which bill
before the legislature now pro-
vides, elections officials Of this county
would save two hundred miles of arm
movement, according to David B. Ly-
ons, county registrar of voters, who
has just returned from Sacramento.
Mr. Lyons estimates that every
tally clerk at precinct voting head
quarters moves his arm two feet in
tallying a vote with pen and ink, and
approximately one foot to blot his
tally. Declaring there are about $780,
900 voters in the county, Mr.. Lyons
calculates the distance tally clerks
arms must travel in tallying these
votes with pen, ink and botter more
than 1919 miles,
Earlier returns and more legible
ones will result from the substitution
the county official says.
The Cordova daily times. [volume] (Cordova, Alaska) 1914-1947, 1919-04-22
DIPPING OF SHEEP LAW
IS DECLARED INVALID

CASPER, Wyo., April 81 (by Asso-
ciated Press) sheep men in all sec
lions of the state are deeply interested
in a recent decision of the district
court of the Sixth judicial district rem
dering void recent state law requir-
ing dipping of sheep to prevent dis
ease. Judge Charles E. Winter ruled
that the state was without authority
to compel dipping except in cases
where animals already are diseased.
The decision was rendered in suit
brought by several Natrona county
sheep men. The state announced that
it would appeal to the supreme court
to test the constitutionality of the
law.