davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
NOTICE OF STREET
IMPROVEMENT AND ESTAB-
.-...--..---..sL LlSHMENT OF GRADE

Notice Is horeby given that 1t Is the
intention of the City of Toledo. Ore.
gon, to establish a grade upon that
part of 9th street of the City Of Toledo,
Oregon, between the following points;
9th street between the intersection of
9th street with the East line Of Hill
street and the inte eotion of 9th
street with the West line of Grow
street; and that it is the intention Of
the City of Toledo, Oregon, to cause
said portion of 9th street to be i'm
proved by grading and filling the same
to correspond to the grade Of said
street This Improvement ito be don1
at the expense of the owners Of the
adjacent property.
This notice Is given by order OF the
City Council OF the City of Toledo,
Oregon, directing me as recorder OF
the City of Toledo, Oregon, to give
notice Of the establishment of said
grade and of the intention Of said city
to cause said Improvement to be made
and directing that notice be given by
publication in the Lincoln County
Leader for a period Of ten days.
r. r. Miller,
City Recorder Of the City of Toledo,
Oregon.
Date Of first publication Oct 10, 1913.
Date of last publication Oct. 23, 1919.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
TOTAL S4O.5O

The following is a list Of the Toledo
contributors to the Roosevelt Memo
rial Fund, contributing total of s4O.5O.
B. F. Jones, AL Waugh, Ed Paine, C.
E. Hawkins, A. L. Oglesbee, ]. C. ALL
tree, Ed Stanton, H. Lutey, P. A. King,
R. A. Strawn, Jack Seymore, F. N
Hayden, Coral Lake, Mary Geer, Walt
er McCaulou. L. H. Lowe, Nelson An
derson, Mrs. E. ]. Fowler, S. T. Loud.
on, w. E. Simpson, Chas. Mock, Alvin
Anderson, A. ]. McMillen, H. w. Hys.
er, l.. ]. Brown, Geo. Freeman, Vernie
Ross, Mrs. j. H. Ross, Leo Bateman
H. e. Peterson, VIM. Toner, M. M
Davis, Carl Gildersleeve, Sara Crahen
Guy Roberts, Jay w. Dunn, Bert Howe
G.. B. McCluskey, Mona Schwartz, r.
r. Miller, R. A Arnold, R. S. Van
Cleve.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
SOUTH BEACH

Lee Doty has been laid up with
grippe the past week, but Is some
better on last reports Ray Dickson
Is carrying the mail now while War
rem Ashworth runs the home work.
Delbert Ewing visited at home with
his folks Sunday night and until noon
Monday, returning to his work in the
afternoon.
The Spruce Division has brought the
steam shovel down to South Beach
again.
Mr.. and Mrs. Omlid went to Beaver
Creek last Saturday evening to gather
berries Sunday, returning on the sta.;e
Monday morning.
Mrs. Mills, who visited her mother,
Mrs. Cox, early in the fall at this
place, is expected back soon to locate
for the winter.
Everybody says eggs, eggs, eggs
while Madame Biddy is Sinking
around waiting for Dame Nature to
complete her a toilet fit to begin her
work in, for the winter. Therefore
eggs are a scarcity and prices out OF
sight for the few that are on the mark
et
Our little burg is certainly coming
to the front. There is still a decided
growth which will continue since we
have one Of the best springs of good
mountain water that feeds our waite,
tank one half mile from town, supply
ing the citizens with this splendid
water in abundance The tank capaci
ty is eight thousand nine hundred ant
seventy six gallons. This is owned by
one Of our citizens who has an interest
in the building up Of our town.
The mail car is again running on the
Warren Spruce railroad, which is q
great improvement over running the
beach in all kinds OF weather and
tides, as formerly they had to do.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
NOTICE OF STREET
IMPROVEMENT AND ESTAB-
nSHMENT OF GRADE

Notice Is hereby given that 1t is the
intention OF the City Of Toledo, Ore
gon, to establish a grade upon that
part of 5th street of the City of To
lcdo, Oregon, from the intersection OF
9Th street with the East line Of Grove
street to point where 5th street joins
the West line of Tracts S4 and 81 OF
Graham's Addition to the City of To-
ledo; and that it is the intention OF
the City OF Toledo, Oregon, to cause
said portion of said 9th street to be
improved by grading and filling the
same to correspond to the grade OF
said street. This improvement Is to
be done at the expense Of the owners
of the adjacent property.
This notice is given by order of the
City Council of the City Of Toledo.
Oregon, directing me as Recorder OF
the City Of Toledo, Oregon to give
notice OF the establishment of said
grade and Of the intention of said
| City to cause said Improvement to be
| made and directing that notice be CIV
en- by publication in the Lincoln
County Leader for a period OF ten days.
r. r. Miller,
City Recorder of the City Of Toledo,
Oregon.
Date of first publication Oct, 10, 1913,
Date of last publication Oct %, 1918.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
MEMORIAL DANCE
POORLY ATTENDED

The dance given at the Club House
last Saturday evening to raise funds
for the Roosevelt Memorial was poorly
attended, but those who went all had
good time.
Hon. B. F. Jones made a nice little
talk at the conclusion OF which he pre-
sented Miss Thelma Fowler with
check for s25OO, same being given as
first Rsize, in the essay writing con-
test conducted last spring in connect
ion with the Roosevelt Highway cam
paign. The prize was to have been an
as this did not materialize the check
was given instead.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
NOTICE

In the future my charges for pro-
fessional services will be based on the
following schedule of fees:
Office call, ordinary cases, $500.
Visits in town, ordinary cases, $500.
Visits in town, night cases, $500.
Confinement cases in town, $4,000.
Physical and Urinary Examinations
depend on requirements.
This scedule applies to outside dis
tricts by adding mileage and trans
portation and the latter is a variable
quantity, depending on weather and
road conditions.
This increase is compulsory, on my
part, to meet the greatly increased
costs in all lines and especially the
excessive costs of physicians supplies.
r. d. Burgess, M. d.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
NOTICE
NOTICE
In the Circuit Court of the State OF

In the Circuit Court of the State oi
Oregon for Lincoln County
In the matter of the application OF
Theresa Smith to register title to
lands,
Yaquina Deep Sea Fishing Company
q corporation, William T.. Radir and
Lincoln County, Oregon.
TAKE notice.: That on the 18th
day of October 1919, an appl was
filed by said Theresia Smith, in the
Circuit Court of Lincoln County, Ore
gon, for initial registration of the title
to the following descr bed lands:
Beginning at the northeast corner
of the southeast quarter of section
Twenty-seven in Township Eleven
South of Range Eleven West of Will
annette Meridian, running thence West
Three hundred thirty feet thence
South to the Railroad right-of-way
thence East along said Right-of-way
to within Twenty feet of section line
of section Twenty-seven; thence North
One Hundred feet; thence East One
hundred feet; thence North about two
hundred Twenty feet to the North line
of Lot One in section Twenty-six In
above township and range; thence
West Eighty feet to the section line;
thence North ON said section line tc
the place Of beginning.
Also a strip of land described as:
beginning Twenty feet West o
where the section line between sec
tions 26 and 27 township il South O.
Range II West OF Willamette Mcri
dian, crosses the South line C, the
Railroad Right-of-way; thence South
to meander line of Yaquina River
thence West IL feet; thence Nortf
| to the Railroad right-of-way; thence
P, East to the place of beginning
! All situated in Lincoln County, Ore
gon.
Now unless you appear on or before
Monday the oath day of November
1919. and show cause why such appli
cation should not be granted the SAME
will be taken as confessed and de
cree will be entered according to the
prayer of the application and you will
be forever barred from disputing the
same. 20. y. Epy'
Attorney for Applicant
Whose Postoffice address is Oregon
City, Oregon.
Attest:
II. ii. Howell, Clerk.
Seal of Circuit Court,
BY Carl Gildersleeve,
(SeaD Deputy.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
HIGH SCHOOL NOTES

The Siletz High School has begun
its most prosperous year with an en-
rollment of eighteen. Two more are
expected to enter later.
The High School mixer was a sue
cessful affair. A few outside guests
were invited and the evening was
pleasantly passed in playing games.
Excellent refreshments were served.
AT the first meeting of the Associat-
ed Students, the following officers
were elected: President, David Cal
vert;S cretary, Alma Ojala;. Treasur-
err, Darrell Hamar. The following class
officers were elected: Senior Class,
Thelma Niemi; Junior Class, Alma
Ojala; Sophomore Class, Raymond
Sterling; Freshmen Class, Darrell
Hamar
A splendid Basket Ball team has
been organized under the direction of
Prof Miller as coach. The officers
are; Gail Slocum, Captain and David
Calvert, Manager.
A general assembly was held Friday
in the High School Mr. Miller, Prin-
cipal Of the grade school, gave talk
on the Roosevelt Monument fund.
Music was furnished by the upper
grades and High school pupils.
The Latin class is progressing fine
ly The members of the class are
already planning on giving Latin
play next year.
The pupils of the Physics and Cen
eral Science classes are getting much
information and some excitement over
the experiments.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
NOTICE OF sHERIFF's SALE

NOTICE OF SHERIFF's SALE
In the County Court of the State Of
Oregon for the County of Linn
Hamilton Company, a corporation,
Plaintiff,
w. N Jones, Jessie A. Jones, his
wife, The J. X. Lumber Company, a
corporation, Fred a Kribs, Defendants,
BY virtue OF an execution, judgement
order, decree and order Of sale issued
out of the above entitled court in the
above entitled cause, to me directed,
and dated the 18th day of September,
A. ID. 1919, upon judgement and de-
cree entered in the said court on the
25th day of August, A. D. 1919, in
favor of Hamilton Company, COR
poration, plaintiff, and against w. N.
Jones, Jessie A. Jones, his wife, The
]. X. Lumber Compny, corporation,
and Fred A. Kribs, defendants, for
the sum Of $9150.00, together with in
terest thereon at the rate of per cent
per annum from the goth day of March
1917, and the further sum of $497. so
attorneys fees, and S19.25 costs and
disbursements, and the costs of and
upon this writ, commanding me to
make sale Of the following described
real property situated, lying and being
in the County of Lincoln and State Of
Oregon, to-wit:
The West one-half (Wh) and
the West one-half (W1a) of the
East half (Eh) Of Section Sixteen
Q6), Township Fourteen Q4 South,
Range Nine (9) West, OF the william
ette Meridian, in Lincoln County,
Oregon;
Now, therefore, by virtue OF said
execution, judgement order decree
and order of sale, and In compliance
with the commands Of said writ. I
will, on Tuesday, the 2Sth OF October,
A. d. 1919, at 10 o'clock, A. M, at the
front door Of the County Courthouse,
at Toledo, Lincoln County, Oregon,
sell at public auction, subject to re-
demption, to the highest bidder for
cash I'M hand, all OF the rights, title
and interest which the within named
defendants had on the 10th day OF
March, 1917, the date Il the mortgage
herein ioreclosed, or since That date
had in and to the above described
property or amy part thereof, to sat
isfy said execution, judgement order.
decree and order of sale, interest.
costs and accruing costs.
w. E. Simpson,
Sheriff of Lincoln County, Oregon.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
ELECTION OF RED
CROSS OFFICERS

Toledo, Or, Oct. 7, 1919.
Mrs. Rosemary Schenck,
Secy. Toledo Branch Red Cross.
Dear Mrs. 'Schenck:
BY instruction OF the President of
the County Chapter r. c.. s., | ann
notifying the local branches that We'd
nesday, October 29th, is the date fixed
by the National organization for the
election Of officers At this time the
Toledo Branch will elect seven men,
bers OF the Executive Committee Of
the County Chapter.
Yours Sincerely,
Annie p. Hawkins,
Secy, County Chapter.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
SPRUCE LOGS SOLD

The government recently disposed
OF its entire cut Of spruce logs in this
section, selling same to the Crown
Willamette Paper Co., and the logs
will be shipped by rail to its Oregon
City plant.
We understand that the logs were
sold at the price of SIG per thousand
delivered, and consists of total OF
about 10000 feet of logs.
These logs were cut for use in build
ing airplanes, but the ending of the
war left the government with large
supply on hand.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
LADIES AID TO MEET

The Ladies Aid will begin their
relgular meetings again. The meet
ings have been discontinued on account
of everybody being so busy the last
month so. We will meet at the
home Of Mrs. Grace Collins, Tuesday,
Oct 2Sth, about 2:3O p. NJ. All mem.
bers are requested to be present Us
we have some important business to
be taken up. Bring your friends.
Remember the bake sale given by
the EpwOrth League Saturday at Fred
erick's building.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
ANNOUNCEMENT

There will be preaching at tn Nash
vile school house, 11:OO A. M, Sunday
and at Eddyville, 800 P. NJ, by Rev.
v. Urbino, Of the Summit United Evan
gelical Church.
After his enforced absence on ac-
count Of the illness of his wife, who
was in Iowa, to which place he was
summoned Sept IA, he is again on the
field and will take up his regular work.
Mrs. Urbino Is better and Is with her
daughter in Adna, Washington. She
will soon be home at Summit, Or.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
THE COLLINS WILL GET you

Listen, townfolk, as we did an
nounce,
The flying witches upon you will
pounce,
If you fail to attend our Carnival
show,
Across to the Club House on
Hal'ween, you know.
A very good time therell be for
you,
Witches, goblins and dancing, too.
Fortunes revealed by a gypsy
queen,
The last of October, that's Halo
ween.
T. H. School.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
GARDNER PURCHASES
UPPER FARM STORE

Chas. H. Gardner was in the city
the first OF the week and informed us
that he had just recently purchased
the Orton store of E. NJ Frazier, TAX
ing possession at once. Mr.. Gardner
was formerly in the hardware business
here, and more recently in the garage
business at Newport. We predict that
he will make good in this new venture.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Notice is hereby given that the un.
dersigned has been appoined admins
traitor of the estate Of Chal les Geek,
deceased, by order Of the County. Court
of the State of Oregon for the County
of Lincoln. All persons having claims
against said estate are hereby required
to present the same to me at Toledo,
Oregon, duly verified, as by law re-
quired, within six months from the
date Of this notice.
Dated October 10th, 1919.
Banner Geek,
Administrator of the estate Of Charles
Zeek, Deceased
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
A CORRECTION

In publishing the winners of prizes
at the Lincoln County Fair the item
with regard to the special prize offered
for the best bread made from Olympic
-four was omitted. This prize was won
by Mrs. d. L. Chesley Of Toledo, she
winning both the special prizes as
offered by the Olympus and the Fisher
FIGURING Mills.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
AT THE MOVIES

Saturday. Monkey Stuff" a two
reel comedy with Joe Martin, the
trained monkey comedian. Mary
Pickford in Rags Ford Weekly.
Admission, 30c and 15c.
the exception of Monkey Stuff"
Admission, 25c and 1Oc.
Coming, Nov l, 2, Nazimova in "The
Red Lantern" a wonderful reproduc-
ton of Chinese life.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
BULL ASSOCIATION
ELECTS OFFICERS

At the meeting Of the Bull Associa-
tion held last Saturday the following
officers were elected:
Claus Christensen, president; V. D..
Grave, vicepresident; S. T. Loudon,
Secy-Treas. Directors: Block /, w.
Beck; Block 2, Claus Christensen;
Block 8, C. Moffit; Block 4, v. d. Grave
Block 5, S. T. Loudon.
Another meeting will be held Nov.
Sth, at the office Of the County Agent.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
EVERYTHING GOES

A wheel barrow was sent by mail
last Monday, also baby cart and a
high-chair. Everything goes by mail
these days. If man drives out to the
Valley and it rains and makes the
roads impossible, all he has to do is
put stamp on his flivver and come
home on the train.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
LUTHERAN CHURCH

Services at the Long Prairie school
house. Siletz, on Sunday, Oct. 26th,
at 11:00 o'clock.
Sundayschool at Sunny Ridge at
800 O'Clock, p M.
Ladies Aid meets with Mrs. Legan-
ger on Wednesday, the 29th of Oct.
No services on Nov. 2nd
S. |. Ramstad, Pastor.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
NOTICE TO PRESENT CLAIMS
In the County Court of the State oil

IN the county court OF the State Of
Oregon for the County of Lincoln
In the matter Of the Estate of E. Will
lam Jacobson, Deceased.
Notice is hereby given that the UNI
dersigned has been appointed admins.
tratrix of the estate of E. William JAG
OLSON, deceased, by the above entitled
Court, and has qualified as such. All
persons having claims against said
estate are hereby notified to present
the some duly verified and with proper
vouchers to me at Pioneer, Oregon,
within six months from the date Of
first puDncation OF this notice.
Dated and first pub, Oct. oath, 1913.
Annie jacobson,
Administrative.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24
CATHOLIC CHURCH

Next Sunday, October 26th, there
will be Mass and Sermon at 10 O'Clock
Father Vollebregt.
Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1919-10-24

(33) STOCK RANCH-Well
improved, lots of hay, a bargain.
See Fred Chambers, Toledo, Or.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1919-04-11
Real Estate Transfers.

R. A. Ludeman to Frank C. MUIR
day, $44,S0O, s% sell 80 and neA and
eh nwA 31-99-12.
Ira Rodamar ct al to Ferdinand E.
Leimer, s1.00, s1a 23-10O-14. EI
A. w. Chandler to w. A. Legg, $780,
400, swA 14-1OO-14. &a
Geo. Fowlie to H. B. Hersh, $1.00.
ieh SEA neA 17-1O0-13.
Winnefred Williams ct al to Guy
Sparks, $4,000, ME- neA 27-1OO-12.
Maggie Kienzle ct al to A. J. Cable,
s., nwA Is and nk swA 1851.
John II. Foulkes ct al to Andrew
Torgeson, ct al, $4,000, lots 4, S. 6,
blk Z Lime Springs Station.
Howard S. Martz to c. H. Taskett,
s1.OO, neA 27-1O0-14.
J. Fl. Luers to Roy c. Noble.t, s1.O0,
swA neA 19-100-11.
Frank W. Church to C. A. Ruby,
$1.OO, seA 2-97-14. +.
C. A. Ruby to William J. Murray,
S100, nA SEA and s1a neA 1912.
W. +. Carter to \. p. Parker, ST.
900, lots %, %, "a, %, 26, 27, %, 20
on s1a SELL 1O-l0O-13 of Ry.
Edward o. Jones to Mary Jones,
SLIGO, 80 it of n 19S it lot ir sur
s1s neA 29-1OO-12.
II. F. Atwood to Benjamin Jones,
100, undiv = e11s seA 35-1OO-12.
Alberta V. Mcintosh to Chris.
Baethke, $1.OO, w 371a it lot II and
e25 it lot 16 blk "A Baldwin's add to
Cresco.
w. o. Davis ct al to T. S. Davis,
lot on s1s neA and nwA swA IL.
100-12.
John Bilek to Mrs ..Effie Irwin,
$3.50, lots II, -, Is, IA, Is blk Ell.
ma. &r#
Cassius M. Nash to Winnefred R. Wiz
liams, $4,000, lots and 4 blk 1 Lime
Springs Station.
Frank Hrdina to John Hrdina.
s1.O0, nwh 27-9S-11.
Griffith Roberts to Christian Gron.
woldt, $4,000, nwA seA 5-99-12.
Mae Keefe to William Diekmann,
s., lots 2, 3, 4, blk % Elma.
F. X. Elwood to E. H. Castle, $1.00,
nwA 2-9S-12 and "a # e1a swN
35-99-12
Joseph Jacoby to Peter ]. Kelly,
s1.OO, eA SEA 21-9S-1a.
E. VIM. Lucas to Erwin Moeller.
$1.0O, Ell neA 1S-t00-14
j William Diekmann to Anton 70.
back, $500, lots 2, 3, 4, blk %, Elma.
@. c. d. Chas. F. Chapman ct al
to Margaret E. Chapman, $1.O0, lots
Is and 16 blk 81, Cresco.
%. c. d. Ruth L. Fulton to Anna
Fleck ct al, s1.OO, seA and e1a swk
26-99-12. -
%. c. d. Augusta Mackenburg ct
al to George Mackenburg, $500, VIZ
'nwA 5-9S-11.
Cresco plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1913-1945, 1919-04-11

Auto for Sale.
Davis automobile in good condition,
Fully equipped. Call at this office.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1919-12-10
NO OIL UNDER! N.I.,
DECLARES GASK|LL
Director Confident Prospector
Drilling in Prospertown viii
Be Disappointed
SURFACE MARKS DECEPTIVE

Trenton, Dec. 10.-Convinced that
there is great pool of oil under the
surface of New Jersey, William s.
Driver. a New Yorker, with "offives on
lower Broadway" and n hunch, claims
that he has invested S150,000 in set
ting up we'll drilling machinery and
obtained options on 10000 acres of
land In Monmouth and Ocean counties.
The scene of Eriver's prospecting oper- :
ations Is ir and around Prospertown,
which is about twenty -four miles from
Trenton.
However optimistic Mr.. Driver may
be, the state Department of Conserva- :
tion and Development has an entirely
different view of the oil situation in
New Jersey. Alfred Gaskill, director
Of the department, does not hesitate to
predict that pursuit of an old hope
in Jersey will be productive of bitter
disappointment rather than q quickly
made fortune.
Director Gaskills opinion is based
upon information impaired by Henry
b. Kummell, state geologist. and first
hand information. Of what Mr.. Driver
has thus far accomplished in his pros
pecting at Prcspertown. For many
years prospcctors for oil have tried to
find oil in this state, but thus far
all such exploring has beer in vain.
Gaskill and Kummell would be delighted
if it were to come to pass that oil could
be discovered in the state, but they
are. convinced that there ure no oil
fields here and point to the prospect
ing history of New Jersey as confrma-
tion of their statements.
Mr.. Drivers belief that there is oil
under Jersey soil is based upon sur
face Indications peculiar to that sec
tion of South Jersey. One of them is
that if hole is punched into marshy
spots and n match applied yellow
fame will burn for nearly half q min
ute. A second is that if stick is
pushed into the bed Of certain small
streams an oily matter will arise to
the surface from the hole. Another is
that if sand is spread thirly in certain
water it will float.
Director Gaskill says that the fame
emanating from the marsh is caused
by gas arising from decayed vegetable
matter. The oily surface of the water
is due to particles of iron.