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The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
As to Fertilizer
By C. A. WHITTLE
 


 Fertilizer should be applied in kind and quantity that experience has taught will bring the largest profits to the farmer. No more, no less.
 Profits in cotton production largely depend upon two factors. labor and fertilizers. Both are now high in price.
 Cotton requires large amount of labor, more labor than any other gen eral field crop. Therefore, when the cost of labor increases. the profits of cotton production decrease rapidly and are easily wiped out.
 Because cotton is so burdened with 7 labor cost it follows that profits in producing it depends upon increasing the yield per acre: it depends upon It more than most other crops. As mat ter of fact, great deal of the cotton lands of the south are hardly fertilized enough to pay the labor cost of pro- ducing crop of cotton. Therefore. fertilizers have been depended upon to give the farmer the only profit he s could expect to get out of producing the crop. It is plain then that to cut down fertilizer application would mean simply cutting down the farm CTS profits Ii also seems to be clea7 that any farmer having any kind of land cannot afford to let high laoor cost sweep away his profits through 3 failure to use the necessary amount of fertilizers.
 1 Fertilizers are high priced it is true But, after all. it is not so much th> price as the profit-producing power c1 the fertilizers that should be a guide Fertilizers increase yields at the low est possible cost
 Tn other words, they save labor. ant since labor is the biggest and most eX- pensive factor in making a crop ot cotton. then fertilizers save expense and make profits more certain.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
Velvet Beans Scarce

Word comes from all over the state to the Alabama extension service that velvet bean seed from the 1918 crop is very scarce and of extremely poor a'ial- ity. This has been fully confirmed by germination tests made by the plant breeder of the experiment station. In addition, samples of small lots Of the 1917 crop also show an alarming low percentage of gernaination-probably due to the early frost of that year.
 Prompt measures arc being adopted by the officers and field workers of the eX- tension service and the experiment sta ton to see that the local supply of ger minating seed is conserved IS far as pos sble and made available generally over the state Prof J. r. Duggar director. has just sent out a letter of instructions to the county demonstration agents over the state, calling attention to the situa- tion and urging them to immediately locate and list any large lots of beans in the county suitable for planting. His letter to the agents says;
 Gall the attention of farmers to the low germinating quality of most lots Of velvet beans in this state and presuma- bly in adjacent states, and urge that they do not either use or sell them TOT planting without testing their germina- tion, and making sure that a Su1llcienl supply of good seed is insured in their immediate neighborhood.
 "Teach farmers and school children how 10 make germnaton tests or Vel- vet beans. Directions for making two simple types of seed testers will either be incIosed with this letter or sent you within day or two.
 "On locating any large lots of velvet beans Of either the 1917 or 1918 crop, car fully take a representative sample. your self, of about two quarts Of unhulied. or one pint of shelled seed to be tested at Auburn. In taking this sample be sure to get small handfuls from several diff ferent parts of the pile--more than half of the subsampe from its interior.
 ''Discourage shipment of velvet beans
 of fair quality to points outside of Ala bama: discourage the further feeding or milling of velvet beans until. an ann pie supply of planting seed is "insured. Discourage high prices for seed. espe- .cially by dealers, and let it be known that anti-profteering provisions of the federal law will apply to dealers in seeo even after the peace treaty is signed
 Let every extension employe do every thing possible within the next few weeks to avoid the reduction in velvet bear acreage threatened by the seed situation Much depends on agents and other eX' tension workers, as well as on farmers and local business men.
 Most important of all. promptly confer with your leading farmers and business men about organized action for securing a neighborhood supply of a good qualit! of velvet bean seed soon as these car be located"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
Tallapoosa County Hogs

The farmers of Tallapoosa county turned their hogs into cash last weeK and as q result about s20,000 ill real money is being circulated for sup plies fertilizer, fencing, etc, and en- abling many farmers to hold their cotton for better prices.
 Recently five care wers sold atAleX- ander City-about 4S0 hogs-at $lS.oo per hundred for tops, live stock commission man stating they were the best bunch of hogs he had yet seen south.
 At Camp Hill four more cars of hogs were sold at s13.25 per hundred, bota of these lots going to MT. Wlllbanks' local buyer.
 At Dadevi,le, the Birmingham Pack ing company secured the shipment oI three cars. about 250 hogs. for Sl2.Ia. These 1130 hogs represented about li carloads, and all of the hogs are not sold yet. Last year only four carloads of hogs altogether were marketed. The sales were conducted by the Ala bama extension service, E. F. Binford, county agent, and L. T. Wells, assist ant marketing specialist
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
Annual Meeting of the
 Live Stock Association

The twenty-third annual meeting or the Alabama Live Stock association VIII meet at Selma March 26-g7. The follow ing interesting programme will be car red out
 Opening session, Wednesday, March 26, 10 a. m.
 Address of welcome, l.. NJ Cooper, chairman Alabama council of defense.
 Response to address of welcome, Fred Jones' president Southern Cattlemens S association.
 Annual address of president. pr. c. A. Cary.
 Annual report of secretary, George S. Templeton.
 Annual report of treasurer, J. s. Ker- | caChan. Report of vice presidents (D Beef Cat tie division, w. G. Henderson; @ Dairy Cattle division, Frank Keuhne; (3) Horse and Mule divisin, R. l.. Myree; (4 Swine division, J. E. Dunaway (5) Sheep di- vision, A. D. Summers; (6) Poultry d. vision, Mrs Florence Forbes. Afternoon session. to o'clock: ''Eradication of Tuberculosis" Dr. R. 1 E. Jackson. | .'Contagious Abortion" Dr. Tait But l Ter.
 How to Measure the Carrying Ca pacity of a Pasture" R. J. Goode, Jr.
  be Branded" Hon. J. C. Austin. | How to Estimate the Quantity Of Feed for Beef Production" Ernest Gib- bens.
 Movement of Texas Cattle into Ala l bama," Frank c. Curtis.
 Handling Cattle During the Winter Season. Hon. R. l.. Scale.
 Evening session-7:30 o'clock
 Small Fans Versus Large Farms,' Prof !. +. Duggar.
 How to Prevent the Rapid Deteriora- tion in Value and Efficiency of Horses and Mules on the Average Farm in Ala bama, J. o. Lambert (Uriah)
 How to Remedy Present Prohibitive Freight Rates on Car Lots of Live Stock" Morgan Richards.
 Relative Feeding Value Aef Peanut Meal Velevt Bean Meal and Cotton Seed Meal:' For hogs, G. l.. Surleson; for ,beef cattle. K. G. Baker. Hog Cholera Conditions in Alabama" Dr. H. C. Wilson. l "Compariso of Cost and Profit in Corn and Peanut Pork l.. T. Wells J. c. Ford.
 Sales Days for Hogs, Dr. J. J. W at son.
 Morning session-Thursday. March 27:
 Poultry Club Work in Alabama Miss Mary Teminear.
 Importance of a State Jersey Breed CTS Association. representatives of Jersey Cattle club Dairy Development in Alabama Dur ing the Past Year J. P. Quinerly. Dairy Development in Dallas County John Blake. Afternoon sesion-2 o'clock: 1 Business session. Election of officers. etc.
 Prospects are good for obtaining ad- ditional speakers. Come prepared to take part in the discussion of the various subjects. Bring your neighbors with you. The meeting at Selma promises to be the largest meeting the association has ever had. The meeting will be called to orde" promptly at 10 o'clock Wednesday morn ! ing March 26.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
ALABAMA GRAIN RESERVES

Twenty-nine per cent of the velvet beans gathered last year were held by farmers, either for use sale, aggregat- ing 111,700 tons. These were aslo evenly distributed in proportion to the amount gathered.
 Fifty-one per cent of the cowpeas gath cred were being held on March l. for use or sale, the amount aggregating l., 595, 900 bushels. Cowpeas were also even. ly distributed in proportion to the amount gathered
 Of the more than 14,000,O00 bushels of sweet potatoes gathered last fall. 30 per cent, or 1, 460,000 bushels, were still in the hands of the farmer on March l. South Alabama counties held more than the average proportion; the black belt slightly less and north Alabama consd- era bly, less while the east central coun- ties were holding exactly the average. Inquiry was also made to determine what proportions of the labor needed on the farm for the coming season had already been secured, including tenants and hired hands. The reports indicate /, that 70 per cent of the labor needed had | been. secured on March l. The north west section reported 70 per cent; the Tennessee valley 6S; the mineral section 65: the northeast 64; the western bac's | belt 63 the eastern black belt 70 the | east central B; the southwestern 65 i the south central 75 and the southeast l ern 80 per cent.
 | The question was also asked: From l present prospects how will the number
 of blows to be operated the coming sea son compare with the number operated l last season." The average answer foi 1 the state was 9S per cent. The north
 western counties reported 9S; the Tenes- 1 see valley 97; the mineral counties 9S l the northeastern 101; the westerns blacf | belt 9a; the eastern black belt 97: tn. east central 1o5 the southwestern 105; tn. south central go, and the southeastern 96 I Following the regular bureau inquiry l the average wages paid to male farn l labor in 1918 is estimated as follows :, Per month for yearly labor, with board S1 without board $50; comparing witt sl6 and S24 respectively, for 1917.
 Day wages for harvest work witt
 board, sl.45: without board, $l.S5; compar ing with sl.10 and $l.45. respectively
 Day wages for other than harvest worl | with board $l.2o without board sl.O comparing with 97 cents and Sl.25 in 1911 Average land values per acre are esti
 mated as follows:
 Average of poor blow lands. $17, agains SIS a year ago; average of good plov lands $33 against s27; average of all plov lands s24 against $19.
 l The average value per acre off al
 blow lands with improvements, is esti
 mated at $29 against s2S year ago
 and without improvements at $20 agains $15
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
Hog Sales Dates

March and April hog sales dates for
 southeast Alabama were announced yesterday by Alabama extension service ice. The widest publicity. possible is desired as to this schedule, that all farm CTS may make their arrangements with their county agent or school market ing association, if organized. to bring in their hogs for sale and shipment The , dates are as follows: Ariton: March and 19; April 1, 15 and 2s. Headland: March Il and 25; April s and 22 Newville; March Il and 25; April 5 and p. Abbevile: March F and 26; April g and 23 Samson: March F and 26; April , and 23.
 Geneva: March and ls; April 2. 1 16 and 30. Hartford March IS and 27; April 10 l and 24 | Slocumb: March 6 and 20; April 3, 16 and 90. Enterprise: March 4 and IS; April l, 15 and 29. 1 Brockton: March and IS; April 1, ls and 29. | Evergreen: March IS; April and 29 1 Banner: March 4; April l. Greenville: March Il; April p. ! Georgiana: March F; April p.
 Clayton March F and 16; April 3,
 2s and 90. i Clio: March and 19; April ?. Is and 30 Eufaula: March 6 and 20; April
 and IT,
 Union Springs: March Il and 25; April s and p.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
Work of a Gamer

Many canning clubs organized by the
 department of agriculture and the state
 colleges use hot water bath canners in
 putting up fruit, vegetables, soup and
 meats. Some clubs hesitate to buy be-
 cause of the expense. The Sheffield club, of Bureau county, Illinois. last summer found a way around the difficulty by buying a canner and then renting it part of the time to housewives in the neighborhood at nominal charge. The balance in the club treasury was not lowered, and the club has on hand canner for work this summer. The Sheffield club won the right by contest ! in its own locality to compete at the state fair in Springfield. Taking the first prize there. the members were sent as state champions to the interstate
 fair at Sioux City. la. to compete | with other state teams.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
Horse Holding Its Own

Horses are hardly maintaining their number on farms in this country. in con sec reEce of the autotruck the automobile and the needs of the war; and yet there are nearly as many in the country now as year ago, according to the bureau Of crops estimates of the United States department of agriculture. Furthermore there are now one-third of a million more than at the beginning of the war. It was expected that the war would stam- pede the horse market in this country and would send prices high enough to rob the farms of large number of much needed work animals but there was no such shock as was expected From 19l0 tc 1915 horses on farms increased a little each year, usually over 1 per cent, and sIrce 1915 the increase of four years has apparently been over 30000O. The present total, according to the estimate, is 2l,- 534 900 horses. The exports of horses dur ing the war to December 31, 191S have beer slightly more than 100000; at the prewar rate the normal exports would have been about 10000. As far as cov- cred by domestic exports, the war made an extra demand on farmers for. almost 9Oc, 900 horses. To this must be added the extra demand of the United States gov ernment. By January Il, 1919, the war department had shipped overseas nearly 39.OOO horses, and on November ?. 1918, that department had in this country near ly 165 900 horses. The apparent figures of extra demand on the farmers of the Unit ed States by this country and the allies for horses on account of the war make a total of about 1,IG00O0 horses in ex- ports and in the service of the war de- partment The actual number is greater by the normal exports. and hence about ]. .9OC 900 horses are indicated as the horse contribution of the farms to the war, not including private purchases and the United States government outside of the war department.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
TRY EGGS IN PLACE OF MEAT


with the onion for 15 minutes. Add the capers. mushrooms and seasoning. If desired substitute tablespoons peas and tablespoons chopped red peppers for the capers and mushrooms. Egg Souffle.-2 tablespoons butter, j1k tablespoons flour, F cups milk, 5 eggs, F cup cream, 1 teaspoon salt, cayenne. Cream the butter, add the flour, and ! gradually the scalded milk and cream. 1 Cook in double boiler , minutes and add the yolks of eggs which have been ] eaten until lemon colored Add sea- i soning and fold in stiffly beaten whites. 1 Turn into a buttered dish. set in a pan | of hot water and bake until firm. ] Creamed Cheese and Eggs.-3 hard boiled eggs.f tablespoon flour, l cup milk, F teaspoon salt, speck of cayenne, 1 A cup or ounce grated cheese, 4
 slices of toast.
 Make a thin white sauce with the l flour and milk and seasonings Add l the cheese and stir until melted. Chop l the whites and add them to the sauce. Pour the sauce over the toast force l the yolks through a potato rlcer or l straner, sprinkle over the toast
 i Dutch Eggs.-6 hard cooked eggs, 1a | cup grated cheese or cottage cheese,
 cup whte sauce, 1 sweet red pepper,
 cut into strips
 | Cut the eggs into quarters and place about quarter of the amount in a buttered baking dish. Cover this layer i with sauce, and sprinkle over it layer | of cheese; then a few pieces Of the ] pepper Repeat until the dish is full Sprinkle bread crumbs on top dot with butter and brown in a hot oven.
 Escalloped Eggs.-2 tablespoons but ter, cups bread crumbs, hard cook eo eggs, ? cups cooked macaroni or rice 1 cup milk F teaspoon salt, table spoons flour, 3 tablespoons grated cheese. A teaspoon pepper, 1 cup toma-
 to sauce.
 i Make a sauce of the flour, butter
 salt and pepper, and remove from the fire to add grated cheese Stir untl
 melted. Combine carefully the cooked
 macaroni or rice, sliced egg and salt
 After covering bottom of baking d1Sf with buttered crumbs add the mixture
 Then add rest of crumbs, brown in ho
 oven and serve with tomato sauce. French Omelet.-4 tablespoons ho , water, ? tablespoons butter, 4 eggs,
 tablespoon salt, 1-16 teaspoon pepper.
 Beat the eggs slightly, just enougl , to mix yolks and whites, then add th
 hot water and seasoning. Put the but . ter in small hot frying pan and whei , melted turn mixture into the pan
 While this is cooking, mix slightl.
 with a fork until the whole is of
 creamy consistency. Place on hotte part of the fire and allow to browl quickly underneath. Bring all togethe
 at one side of the pan and carefull , slip it out on a hot platter. Garnisl $ and serve while hot.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13

In view of the apparent necessity for testing the germination qualities ed the final big drive in the eradication spring over the state, the following directions as to method of making this test are sent out by the extension department at Auburn and will be timely news to the farmers of Ala hama The plan is simple enough fol a child to follow, and the Alabama eN- tension service hopes it will be gen orally used.
 There are two devices for testing seeds known as the rag doll and plate testers.
 The rag doll tester is strip or white cloth about 12 inches wide ana 40 inches long attached to and rollcd over cylinder of wood cloth or cot ton. and tied with string at two or three places to prevent unrollins. TO test seeds with this device. unron on a level service and place small lots or seeds at different places on the ciotn. Then carefully roll the cloth over inc lot of seeds so as to hold them in place in the roll Thoroughly moisten the cloth and stand on one end in shal- low basin of water, being careful not to submerge any of the seeds. The plate tester consists of an or dinary table plate or other shallow basin in which is placed several lay CTS of white cloth or plotting paper, and covered with similar basin. To test seeds In this device. place them between the layers of cloth or blot ting paper; moisten thoroughly ana cover with a similar plate to prevent excessiye eyaporation: put in a warm place and keep moist until test is com 1 pleted. Seeds must have moisture, heat and l air in order to germnate. During the process of germination the seeds should | be kept moist, but not submerged III
 water. because if submerged. air VII
 be excluded The seeds should be eN- amned daily to see that the proper conditions are kept up, and complete ! drying out prevented. Tn order to sup ply the necessary amount Of heat tt terminating seeds, the testers may
 be placed under the stove. or in an ege
 incubator while operating. Seeds vii
 gerninate quicker at temperature | equal to that of the body. but the tenn perature should not be lower than tha of a comfortable room.
 Time for seeds to germinate' depend on the kind of seeds and conditions T | which they are placed Most all ordi
 nary seeds, like velvet beans, will sho" ' their germinating power within Il
 days.
 Taking the sample is a very impor tant mater in testing lots of seeds
 Take small samples from several dis
 ferent parts of the lots. and the, sam amount from the interior of the lo' l mix thoroughly and take 100 of thes
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
Prize Money for Hogs

The only statewide contest in boys club work in Alabama last year was for $50 given by the National Duroc- Jersey Record association as prizes for organized work with registered Durocs. This money was divided into three premiums for $25, $15 and s10 The premiums were to be awarded through the Alabama extension service on the basis of organized effort with the coun- ty as the unit.
 When the smoke of the contest cleared away, Limestone county stood first Escambia second and Morgan third In the process of adjustment the matter narrowed down to q con- test between three clubs-one in each of the three named counties The win ming clubs were Tanner in Limestone county, Oak Thicket in Tesca mpia county and Falkville in Morgan county. D Much credit for the good of Athens work accomplished is due to the county agents. Fred Stewart of Athens, H. H. Williamson of Brewton and Ernest Carnes of Hartselle, each of whom toos a lively personal interest in seeing that the boys of his county did their best.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13

With eggs returning to normal prices again, they afford welcome ana healthy change in the diet. In any or the following recipes suggested by the United States department of agrlcul- ture, they may be used in place Of meat in the meal. Eggs are much more easily digested if time is taken to cook them very slowly.
 Steamed Eggs-Butter slightly the bottom of custard cup and slip an egg into it. Place the cup in a pan or gently boiling water (water should come half way up side of cup) cover and steam until white of egg is done Steamed eggs may be served on crisp toast if desired.
 , Poached Eggs and Tomato Sauce
 Allowing F teaspoonful of salt to l quart of water, have shallow pan two- thirds full of boiling water. Break each egg separately into a saucer and slip them into the water. Cook as for poached eggs and serve with the fol lowing sauce: cups canned tomatoes and 1 slice onion, or l cup tomato sauce; 4 teaspoon salt, ? tablespoons butter, tablespoons flour, IS table spoon pepper.
 Cook tomato and onion, finely chcop- ped, 20 minutes, then rub through strainer. Melt the butter, add dry in E this sauce over the eggs an dserve.
 EGGS IN NEST
 Eggs in Nest.-Carefully separate the white from the youk of an egg. Beat th' white until stiff and pile lightly on : nicely trimmed slice of toast. With { spoon make a depression in the top O the white and slip the egg yolk into it Place on baking dish in moderate oven and when the white has become a golden brown remove and serve. l may be seasoned to taste.
 Eggs Goldenrod--1 cup milk, ? table spoons butter. 14 teaspoon white pep per, F tablespoons flour, har' cooked eggs, teaspoon chopped par i sley, F teaspoon salt, slices toast | Melt the butter, add the dry ingredi 1 ents and stir until smooth. Add tn heated milk slowly, stirring constantly and allow to come to the boiling point l the hard cooked eggs. Chop the white l finely and add them to the white sauce Cut the slices of toast m half and afto arranging on the platter, pour tn 1 sauce over them. Put the yolks throug potato ricer or press them throug
 a strainer. sprinkling them over tn sauce Garnish with parsley and serve Spanish Omelet.--Mix and cook
 French omelet. Serve with tomato sauc ! in the center and around the omelet. Tomato Sauce.--2 tablespoons butte1 ! IF tablespoons onion, 1 cup tomatoe! l,cayenne, F tablespoon capers. table spoons mushrooms, F teaspoon salt, l tablespoons flour.
 Brown onion (tinely chopped) i butter and flour. Cook the tomatoe
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
As to Turnips

It will soon be time to plant spring turnips. c. L. Isbel, state garden spe- cialist of the Alabama extension serv- ice, AuLurn, says every one should remember to SOW the seed near enough the house for the wife to get them when needed. The husband and boys usually forget to bring them in before going away to work in the morning. Also remember that turnips require a rich, well prepared soil and that they are likely to rot if planted on ground where turnips or cabbage routed last year
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-03-13
Weed Out Poor Animals

The only safe method for the rairy- men to increase their profits is that of lowering the cost of production by weeding out poor animals and keeping only the high producers. The high priced grain ration may be offset by raising on the farm more of the feeds needed for the herd, says w. H. Eaton of the Alabama extension service.