davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-08-13
Constitutional Law In Canada.

The latest mails from London bring
news of an important decision by the
Judicial Committee of the Privy Coun-
Gil which throws an interesting light
on the composite government of the
Dominion Of Canada and illustrates
the development In the British EN-
pire Of a phase of law analogous to
constitutional law in this country.
The case before the Judicial Com
mittee of the Privy Co~uncil-which Is
the court of last resort for Great Brit
aims overseas dominions and colonies
Observation-Disclosures the validity of q
statute known as the Manitoba refer
endum act. BY this statute the Leg
islative Assembly Of the Province Of
Manitoba at Winnipeg undertook to
authorize direct law making by popu-
lar vote in addition to legislation in
the ordinary way by the Provincial
Assembly subject to the approval Of
the Lieutenant Governor. No veto
power such as he possesses in respect
to laws enacted by the Legislative
Assembly was conferred upon the
Lieutenant-G Governor In respect to
laws enacted by means of the pro-
posed referendum. This omission has
proved fatal to the Manitoba referen-
DUN act.
The able ard distinguished lawyers
who constitute the judicial Commit
tee of the Privy Council are most of
them law lords who do the judicial
work of the House of Lords when
sitting as the highest court of appeal
in cases arising in the United King
dom Associated with them are some
other members of the Prlvy Council
who have held high judicial Office in
India, Australia or the colonies. In
this Manitoba cast they have agreed
that the statute in question Is beyond
the Legislative power of the Provincial
Assembly, because 1t interferes with
the veto power over all legislation
which Is vested In the Lieutenant
Governor as the representative of the
Grown. 1t is In conflict, in this re-
spect, with the organic law under
which the Province of Manitoba ex-
lists, and hence 1t cannot be allowed
to stand.
Here We have a close analogy to a
case in this country in which a law Is
enacted In defiance or disregard of
the Constitution; only in the Cana
dian case the law under which Mani
TOBIAS government was organized and
exists takes the place of an American
Constitution.
The sun., 1919-08-13

the policy Of secrecy concerning un-
dersea boats captured or sunk by the
Allies throughout the war.
The Bremen was a sister ship Of
the Deutschland, which arrived In the
costal waters Of this country on
July 8, 1915, with a cargo Of dyes and
chemicals and the announcement that
her cruise marked the beginning Of a
weekly submarine cargo carrying SER
vice between Germany and the United
States. The Bremen, It was asserted,
would make the second voyage. The
Deutschland was carefully inspected
TO reveal whether she was a warship
In disguise, but her peaceful charac-
ter was established and clearance pa
pers were issued by the American au-
thorities for her return to her home,
Just as clearance papers were daily
granted to the surface merchant YES
sells Of other belligerent Powers. The
Deutschland made q second trip, dock
Ing November 1, 1915, at New Lon
don, but the Bremen never arrived.
Captain KoENIo Of the Deutschland
said on his second arrival here that
he had given up the Bremen as lost.
There were numerous reports that
the Bremen was not lost, however,
but had been captured and taken to q
British port. Many persons asserted
they had seen her tied up In English
waters. But the Admiralty adhered
strictly to its policy Of standing mute
when information was sought as to
the fate of enemy submarines. As
"the entire crew" of the Bremen Is
said to have been repatriated after
nearly three years Of close confine-
ment 1t will be assumed that the
Bremen was not sunk, but was cap
tured. The effect Of British secrecy
on the nerves of German sailors and
civilians has been described as highly
demoralizing. and 1t is said to have
contributed materially to the loss Of
German naval morale.
After her commercial ventures the
Deutschland was transformed into a
warship, and under the armistice
terms she was surrendered to the Al
lies and Associated Powers. That the
Bremen would have been similarly
transformed is practically certain, for
the commercial importance Of the car
goes submarines could transport be-
tween Germany and distant neutral
nations was Insignificant in compari-
son with the possible usefulness Of the
vessels when ruthless under water
warfare was revived by the Imperial
German Government In 1917.
The sun., 1919-08-13
Senator Lodges Great Service.

Senator LODGE performed a great
public service In his address to the
Senate on the League Of Nations yes
terday. In dignined and dispassion-
ate words he stripped the Wilson
covenant bare and exposed Its dan
gers and its falsities. he reafirmed
sound Americanism In eloquent perl
DDS. But he did something besides
these things.
By his comprehensive survey Of the
proposed covenant OF the League, and
his pitiless exposition Of Its funda-
mental viciousncss, he restored the
perspective of his fellow countrymen.
No man can read his words, the words
Of an experienced, able, scholarly
statesman, without having his mind
cleared Of the mass of detail which
has accumulated in the discussion Of
this subject. In this speech Senator
LODGE considered details but never
lost sight Of the great principles Of
Americaniem at stake In the contest
In which he bears so honorable a part.
His citation of specific facts illuml-
mated the general fact; his eloquence
was utilized to clarity, not to obscure
the great issue.
The address Of Mr.. LODGE was a
memorable contribution to sanity and
to real craftsmanship.
The sun., 1919-08-13
Colonel Houses Absence.

In the hearings on the proposed
treaty of peace with Germany the
Senate Committee on Foreign Rela-
lions has established two facts be-
yond the possibility of question.
One is the complete domination
President WILSON exercised over his
nominal colleagues in the American
delegation to the Paris conference, a
domination unilluminated so far as
the record shows by a single ray of
enlightenment proceeding from the
Chief Magistrate acting as his own
plenipotentiary. Perhaps Colonel
HOUSE was favored beyond Secretary
LANSING, General BLISS and HENRY
WHITE. If he was, the reason for
Colonel HOUSES present seclusion in
England may be found In his superior
knowledge of the transactions in the
French capital.
That this speculation as to the
cause Of Colonel HOUSES a~bstention
from the joys of American life at this
moment is permissible is a conclu-
sion amply justified by the second fact
established before the Senate Commit
tee on Foreign Relations.
This fact Is that President WILSON
Is determined under no circumstances
to allow the committee to instruct IT.
self as TO the considerations, national
and international, which influenced
the negotiators in the Peace Confer
ence. On this point his purpose is
unshakable, Notwithstanding the prom
ise Of all the information In his pos
session he made to the Senate in lay
ing the draft of the treaty before it.
He has refused to comply with gen.
eral and specific requests Of the Com
mittee on Foreign Relations for docu-
ments and data, and he has used his
influence to prevent the history Of the
Peace Conference from being given to
the world through the medium of the
French Parliament. The antagonis-
tic attitude of President WILSON to-
ward publicity is Completely outlined
in his preposterous refusal to disclose
to the committee General BLIss's let
ter of protest against the betrayal Of
China by this country, oil the ground
that General BLISS might not want
his sentiments known.
These facts, established in Wash
lngton, and Colonel HOUSES absence
from the United States may perhaps
be read together, and when they are
a plausible explanation is found Of
Colonel HOUSES otherwise mysterious
visit to England at a time when any
world reconstruction Of his ethnologi-
cal eminence and autographed great
ness would naturally long to be where
the struggle for personally conducted
internationalism waged flercest.
The sun., 1919-08-13

SONS reception In Europe. had been
tempted to suggest revision of the do
nestle appraisal Of the quality Of his
craftsmanship overcame their tenn
porary lndecision. The overwhelming
majority accepted with composure
this bipartisan and d~islnterested rati-
fication Of their Judgment Of Mr.. W.T.
soN's proposals and methods Its ef-
feet throughout the nation was to
fortify American assurance in Amer
lean public opinion and to uphold
American belief In American public
institutions.
These auses have recreated that
national spirit which In the past gave
body and vigor and character to our
public life. It Is no longer considered
provincial to be patriotic. 1t Is no
longer good form to apologize for the
United States. 1t is no longer fash
ionable to say "they do these things
better in France" or in England. or
in Germany, when the disposal Of pub
lie problems Is under discussion.
American ways, American ideals and
American purpose have cgain come
into their own In America.
The American people are swinging
back to A~mericanism. That is not
ell the truth. The American people
have swung back to Americanism.
The sun., 1919-08-13

In his citation of Paris as a city of
herolsm Premier CLEMENcEAU follows
time-honored custom and French ira
ditions. Towns which have bravely
withstOod sieges and the havoc and
dlsa sters of war become something
more than houses and shops and piles
Of bricks and stones they come to
represent the moral stamina and Shirt
Of the inhabitants and to be worthy of
honors bestowed upon heroes whose
conduct has entitled them to the crate
full recognition Of the nation. Thus in
the army orders Premier CLEMENcEAu
pays this tribute to Paris:
The city of Paris. a capital mag
nihcently worthy OF France. animated
by patriotic faith which never fall
tered. bore with firm and smiling
courage frequent bombsrdments by
aircraft n long guns from
The sun., 1919-08-13
Reaching the Landing Places.

To H EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: All
highbrow Washington claims to have
been cropping for an elevator which could
safely carry capital and labor from the
top floor to the ground floor. and every
time one attacks the theorists pet ele-
vator one is met with the retort that
otherwise one can jump from the win
dow. At the risk OF the Same retort
may 1 suggest what to my mini is a
safe and sane elevator. n the fact
that Washington will never admit It
under present conditions Won't In itself
change my opinion.
Into every commodity and every
laborer's wage and every pound OF en-
ergy there enters time n time agan.
the increased cost of transportation.
Collars and shoes. sugar and shirts.
coal and cucumbers pay transportation
charges not nee but many, many times.
and 30 too does power. whether It be
ing universally into the item of costs
ls controlled at n fountain head, and
it's a wild theory from Pennsylvania,
perhaps, but n In which I believe,
that a gradual reduction. say 2 per cent.
a month for the next twelve months on
all transportation charges, the deficit to
be made up from income tax, would
give a net reduction OF "a per cent. in
transportation which would be cumula-
tive in it's effect on commodity prices.
and possibly within three years We
should haze the scale OF costs down
not "a but 4S per cent
In advancing This theory It is based
on washirgton's theory that the ground
floor Is a better place to live than the
attic. w. r. CoYLE.
BETHLEHEM, Pa. August 10.
The sun., 1919-08-13
LAFAYETTE A TO
BE OBSERVED SEPT. 6
Coz. Smith Asks State to Hold
Public Services.
Special Despatch to THE suS.

ALBANY, Aug. 12.-Gov. Smith Issued a
proclamation to-day designating Septem-
Der 6, the anniversary OF the bi. n of
Lafayette and also the anniversary OF
the battle of the Marine, as LAFAYETTE
Day and calling upon the r ople of this
State to observe and celebl tie the day
by suitable exercises in the schools.
churches and public places.
The proclamation follows;
Whereas, the sixth day OF September
marks the anniversary OF the birth OF
Marquis dc Lafayette, who with great
hero.s'n and at personal sacrifice assisted
In securing for our nation the freedom
which we now enjoy and
Whereas. this, date also marks the
anniversary of the battle OF the Marine,
In which so man. men heroically laid
down their lives to establish the princi-
pies for which our forefathers fought
Now. therefore, I, Alfred z. Smith.
Governor of the State OF New York, do
hereby set aside n proclaim the sixth
day OF September as Lafayette Day. and
urge the people OF our State to observe
n celebrate this day by suitable exer-
cises in the schools. churches and public
places Of the various communities"
The sun., 1919-08-13
Give Economic Laws o Chance.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Str: More
power and courage to the patriotic war
you are waging upon the high cost Of
living!
While the air is murky with verbal
fog and organization din is laundering
with shoutings OF profteer and profit
eering as the basic cause 1t is a hopeful
sign when THE SUN trains its editorial
gun on a prominent phase of artih-
cially sustained prices and occasionally
takes a hot at the real basic cause.
All the more hopeful Is It when other
papers begin to quote at length from
your able and Illuminating editorials.
To a large class Of -superannuates and
widows living on a modest competence
increasingly high cost OF living has true
significance, while to the wage Garner
1t is relative only. more particularly
that class Of wage earners who use II
as a levei to boost more and more the
cost OF production through wag in
creases and restrictive measures.
Even industry. dexterity' and eff
cheney arc discouraged in that shift
~lessness. incompetency and sloth are
protected. It Is perfectly patent to
all that prices are altitudinous and still
mounting, but II is .deniable that labor
Is starving or in any way suffering.
In this city of moderate wealth but
extensive manufacturing. peopled by a
large proportion OF mechanics n rail.
way employees, there seems to be no
complaint about dulness of trade among
the jewellers or music dealers. and II
the automobile salesman complains It 10
only because the manufacturer cannot
keep up with his orders,
Prohisacy OF both time and money
was never more rife than now
Profteering indeedl Never was a moro
hollow and hypocritlcal cry raised to-
cover disregard for all economic law.
Let untrammelled industry once more
hold full sway let nee more the law
of supply and demand nave full swing.
freed from all organized n govern
mental interference then will profteer-
ing as n word sink to a single signih-
canoe. while liberty and freedom will
once again be established.
A. C. KNIsKERN, M. D.
MEcHANrcsvILLE, August IL.
The sun., 1919-08-13
MILITARY
"Hardbolled" Smiths Sentence and,
Some Naval Punishments.

To THE EDITOR OF THE suN-s'r' IN
reference to your editorial article o n the
practices at Prison Farm No. . may 1
rot without q trace of criticism. draw
your attention to n curious contrast?
Bx-or Is no ex@Lieutenant Hard
boiled" Smith. on his own admission re-
sponsibie for driving at least one man to
an attempt at suicide, convicted Of brutal
ity immeasurabie. is serving an eighteen
month sentence: Sergeant Ball. smiling
~ admitting the most abominable things,
Is serving six months.
And in the same days news n read
of officers and petty Officers Of the navy.
probably good fellows ALL" sentenced
to be publicly stripped Of rank and rat
ings and to serve five and twelve year
sentences for graft. Not that they got
any more than they deserved, but
Save US all, what a contrastl
FRANK McCoURT.
MOUNT VERNON, August IL.
The sun., 1919-08-13
1914 TO 1913 and has added dssthisss
chapters to her secular glory

Honors were conferred upon French
towns in the time of the Revolution.
Earlier still French monarchs had
medals struck to commemorate the
bravery Of a town which had held out
valiantly against ~besiegers. Belfort
for Its valiant defence In 1S70-71 was
awarded the Legion Of Honor and the
nation erected on the rocks near the
citadel commanding the town the
colossal Lion of Belfort.
Upon Amiens was bestowed the
Croix de Guerre. The ceremony was
held In the Cathedral when Its floor
was still Uttered with the broken
glass and fragments Of masonry left
as the result Of the German bonn
bardment. Nancy was another city so
honored. The order for the recognl-
tion Of this towns stubborn defence
was received by Its inhabitants op the
day which 1t was said the Kaiser had
chosen for Its triumphal entry at the
head of his troops.
The city most honored In the last
war was Verdun. France paid her
tribute for its noble defence by con-
ferring the Cross of the Legion Of
Honor and also the Croix de Guerre.
To these were added the most distin-
guished war decorations Of the Al
lied nations: the British military
cross, the Russian cross OF the Order
Of Saint George, the italian gold
medal for military bravery, the Bel
CLAN cross of the Order of Leopold,
the Serbian and Montenegro medals
Of valor, and a gold sword was the
gift to Verdun from the Mikado Of
japan. No town had before received
such a tribute for valor; while for
some of the Allied nations 1t was the
first time in their history that they
had made the award Of their most
coveted honors to a municipality.
Paris may not be held in the same
spirit Of veneration by the French as
verdun. Fortunately It was not
forced to endure the same hardships
or to suffer to the same extent the
havoc Of war. But for the fortitude
and bravery which 1t displayed as the
capital Of the Allies 1t is deserving Of
the high tribute 1t received from Pre-
mier CLEMENcEAU.
The sun., 1919-08-13
TWO DOLLAR L
Both Sentiment and Facts Give Them
q Reason for Being.

q Reason for Being.
To EDITOR o. THE suN-Sir:
cannot agree with your correspondent
who would do away with the W dollar
bill. Give me q two dollar bill for a
one dollar bill every time. Rather I
thinla we should have more Of them;
personally I cannot get too many. But
that is not to the point.
II Is still true that theoretically the
dollar is the standard unit of u none
tary system, but In practice that no
longer holds. The dollar bill is re-
placed to-day by the two dollar bill be-
aus Of prevailing economic conditions.
Not so many years 9 b dollar
bill would purchase In q not too pre-
tentious restaurant or chop house a
fair steak with potatoes served on the
side. To-day It takes the two dollar
bill to accomplish this. and the steak II
held up to the light will be found to be
translucent. The potatoes nov cost FIVE
cents apiece and up.
In the early teens Of this century
three one dollar bills would buy a
straw hat OF good quality, and they
used to throw in a silken cord wrapped
round the crown which nobody -ver
used. Now It requires three two dollar
bills to enable a man to a k title to a
straw hat Of the same or inferior
quality. Look where you may, you will
hnd that the two dollar bill has taken
the place Of the one dollar bill except
On the salary list.
Let us keep the two dollar bnl and
cherish II against the day when It in
turn will be replaced by the four dollar
bill. T. p.
NEW York, August II.
The sun., 1919-08-13
Sun Calendar
THE
MINIATURE
Standard Time

ntChh ALMANAC.
STANDARD Time.
Moon rises ns Sun :essYi."7@px
~. hastern New York-shower. -
thunderstorms probably to-day snd
morrow moderate southeast w,nSn "
For New Jersey-showers ana -
non.h To-Day and tomorrow: mo n y
possibly fresh, east winds m~ouerate,
For Northern New En1l,D,
cloudy to-day; to-morrow. sSov Partly
thnnderstorms; moderate sont IS0Wefs and
c,oudv. e9uthern New England - PAST
and tomorrow: moderate son,h hate to-day
For Western New York@Show Winds,
nunderstorm to-day and toNmorrrs and
soSth vind.ss In Temperature; modsras,S!!
WARRINGTON, Aug. I,-p
nigh on the New England cor,essurs b
valleys Sppsr Mississippi and Ms Mis,d lSs
During the last wenty.fonr A,oantic coast
anu hunderstorms have occnrrsa showsu
pps M Hi.nsdf ana ana e1st Gulf states a. x.
Y the northern Appaiachian MMoey. and
s Ssssnsr .om.S bee, Esnsrsily fair. !, "a:
= south Atlantic 0SIsr in the middle
upper Mississippi and Ms,onr1 In the
throughout the counirv vsllsyi:
49, nountains the weather hSs'ot
uomo sIlgntly warmer. The outioorn 1s BE-
unsettied weather. with local shoW . 10y
;~hrourbout n. WEDNESDAYS and Thur,d.nsa
she Mi.sisstppi River. 1t will be- EAST Of
s spd rnursdSy In the upper lake mewa.t
n ohno valley. Elsewhere east Of ssssSa
be marReedd 'emperaturs changes viii ssaas
oDeervsdons At United States ws,,,.,
reau stations taken at 8 p. NJ. yes,.rdassr DO
enty-hfth meridian time: 'eS'erdAS' ~
The sun., 1919-08-13
THE WAY OF
An Old Maxim for the Senate In Deal
ing with the Treaty.

To II EDITOR OF THr SuN-Str: In
a recent article urging the Senate of the
United States to ratify the peace treaty
including the League Of Nations 1 read
a statement to h effect that the Senate
after the delay caused by reading this
document knows little more about II
han II did before.
An old maxim Of law, business and
common sense is. Never sign a docu-
ment that you do not understand.
Moreover, one essential condition Of a
valid contract is that the minds Of the
parties shall meet on h subject or
thing.
L the past the people have defended
the Constitution Of the United States as
a matter Of necessity. Under present
conditions in Europe. and especially in
Asia, this obligation seems imperative.
C. II. p.
RICH MoND HILL. August IL.
The sun., 1919-08-13
TRADE BRIEFS.

The number OF mntor cars in the NyoKo
prefecture of japan IN 1908 was four, in
1919 there were fourteen. in 1915 there
were eishty-nins. and at the end OF 1918
there were 2s2 cars registered. The city
OF Kobe. which u located in his prefec-
ture. Is said 20 havs 49, automobiles.
Consul General kFsert Haistsad reports
from Stockholm that tho Swedish Ayrshire
Association II planning to export cattle
of this breed as soon as such export is
permitted. Offers have been received from
Finland. the Baltic provinces, Russia, Po-
land and Germany.
American manufacturer Of medicine bot
ties are offered an excellent opportunitv
for the sale Of their products In the Eng
lish market to-day. Supplies are practi-
caliy exhausted. and both the wholesale
and the retail druggists are looking to
American makers 10 relieve the situation.
The Scandinavian Pencil Wood CompAnv
with a capital stock OF t154, 900, has been
organised in KoEe, Denmark. to prepare
woods. especially the cheaper kinds, such
as birch. ash and elm. by a patented
method that makes them more durahle
All wood treated by this process Is called
tesldn wood.
More than half Of the black tea shinn.d
from ceylon last year went to the United
Kingdom. Australia being the second larE-
est purchaser. but none OF the green tea
went to the former country and only 10. o4e
pounds to the latter, The United state,
took IS. 2s3, 92s pounds OF black and 81 ss1
pounds OF green tea.
Ths Government. of Jamaica has in,,i-
tuted q tax on commercial travellers rem
resenting foreign business houseA Com
msrcial travellers are required to register
and pay an annual tar OF 10 pound.
(s4s.6s). Failure so to register ana nav
the tax involves heavy penalties, inciud.
ing imprisonment
The sun., 1919-08-13
THEORIES AND RED TAPE.
The Government in Business Shows
Inherent Weakness.


10 EDITOR OF n SuN-ST! Presi-
oent WILSON, In his letter to the Director
General Of Railroads.. furnishes most
conclusive evidence OF the Inherent In
ability or governmental asencie to deal
promptly or encienuy with business
problems.
IL appears from the Presidents letter
mat the question OF wages Of railroad
shopmen was submitted to the board
OF railroad wages and working con-
oitions OF the Railroad Administration
iast FEBRUARY, but Yves not reported
o until July IL, At which time the
board reported its inability, "at rate
Tor the time being. to agree upon a
accommodation; thereupon the Pren-
dent although having previously been
vested with complete power and author
ity IN the premises. sought to shift the
responsibility OF action TO Congress.
congress refused to assume the re-