davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The mirror., 1919-03-20
Origin, History of
.GunpoWder

1t is incorrect to speak of the discovery
of gunpowder, for this compound of salt
peter, charcoal and sulphur has been devel-
oped, passed through many stages and
there is no evidence on which to pin down
its invention to one man. In England
Roger Bacon is considered the inventor,
and while this is disputed point, it is evil
dent that Bacon makes the most important
reference to gunpowder in a communica-
tion bearing the early date of 1912. In this
and other writings Bacon makes no men,
tion of guns or the use of powder as a pro-
pellant. but merely as an explosive and des.
tructive power. The first mention of gun
powder as propellant is in a document
now in the National library in Paris. This
bears the date 1888, and describes IAN iron
weapon called pot de fu, for propelling
bolts, together with some saltpeter and sui
phur to make powder for the same.''
About the time of Elizabeth the manufac-
ture of gunpowder was carried on as
crown monopoly, and regulations respect
ing gunpowder we're made in the reign of
James 1. in 1923. Powder mills were in ex-
istence in England about the middle of the
Sixteenth century.
However, Roger Bacon in his anagram
gives the first recipe for gunpowder as be-
ing composed of saltpeter, Alp; charcoal,
29.4; sulphur, 29.4 The composition of
gunpowder used in different countries varies
considerably. The composition of Eng
lish powder is now: Saltpeter, $50 char
coal, $50; sulphur, 1910. For making the
brown or coco powder used tn the big guns
of Germany the following recipe is used:
Saltpeter 78; charcoal, l9; sulphur, 3. In
making this powder the charcoal is not
burned black, but roasted until brown, and
is made from some variety of straw and not
of wood.
Smokeless and even noiseless powders
seem to have been sought for during the
whole gunpowder period. In 1856 one
was experimental with in France, but was
abandoned. Modern smokeless powders
are certainly less noisy than black powders,
mainly because of the absence of metallic
salts, which, while gaseou US in the gun, are
elected as solids when coming into contact
with the air. The adoption by the French
government of the comparatively smoke
less nitrocellulose of Paul Vieille in 1887
practically put an end to the old forms
of gunpowders. The first smokeless pow
der was made in 1865 by Col. E. Schultze
by nitrating wood meal and adding po-
tassium and bsrium nitrates.-N. !. Post
The mirror., 1919-03-20
.Bluebird

Fitting about from tree to tree,
Beautiful wingIing, love thee.
The wintry winds and snow are gone,
Once more we hear your own sweet song,
Bluebird, dear bluebird.
The bright blue of your feathery dress,
We never, never have to guess.
We know you ever by the sign,
And your cheerful notes, "auld lang syne, .
Bluebird, dear bluebird.
We see you weaving a new, clean nest,
Lining it from your downy breast,
Waiting in patience that glad time
When wee ones voices with yours chime,
o bluebird, dear bluebird.
Lucy II. johnson
The mirror., 1919-03-20
Childhood

Fair as star, rare as star,
The joys of the future lie
To the eyes Of a child, to the sighs> of a
child,
Heavenly fair and high!
Fair as dream, rare as dream,
The hopes of future sure
To the wondering child, to the blundering
child,
Trusting and free and pure!
Fair is the soul, rare is the soul,
Who has kept. after youth is past,
All the art of the child, all the heart of the
child,
Holding his faith at last!
Author Unknosop
The mirror., 1919-03-20
Springs Harbinger

A robin and daffodil,
And a stir in the mornings blue.
Grasses tall, by a sunshine wall,
And the wild winds drifting through.
Joy they bring to the laughing spring,
For they give her life anew.
A robin and daffodil
And the CLINT of a crocus star,
Rose dipped light, in a cloud bank white,
And a grooming brook afar.
Come and sing to the laughing spring,
And follow her harbinger!
Eta Gibbs NELSON
The mirror., 1919-03-20
N ! R R 0 R E 7 ES

Spring, spring, beautiful spring, begins
March 81. We are waiting and watching
for thee.
We heard crows the other day. Must
have been talking over spring prospects.
Spring has arrived ~! Even the
thought of this glorious season induces an
exhaltation of the spirit that urges one to
shake off the lethargy caused by winters s
long Information. Evidences of this awak-
ening are visible here and there about the
institutions; one instance being the increased
activities of our drum major, who. perhaps,
bearing the call of natures bugler summon
ing the musicians of spring from far and
wide, brought forth his collection of batoDs
and rubbed and polished, weighed and
balanced them until he was sure they would
serve him faithfully in the festivities to
come. A new baton he has amongst the
lot, of bright and shining nickel and knob
on it decorated in all the colors of the rain
bow, with which, no doubt, he intends to
dazzle the eyes of the onlookers, while the
band will "dazzle'' their ears. And he passed
out quiet tip that he hopes to try out his
new "stick," at the head of the band. on
Saturday afternoon, March %. B
Christian Science services were held in
the chapel las, Sunday morning.
Inmates wishing to contribute to The
MIRROR are requested to notify their officer
and request will be considered.
Through the courtesy of H. c. Robert
son, manager of the Auditorium Theatre,
Saltwater, a seven-reel First National
Exhibitors Union production of Mcclure s
Pictures, entitled "Our Teddy" depicting
the life of Col. Theodore Roosevelt from
the story written by Frederick L. Collins,
was the movie feature of last Wednesday,
March IL. The picture was very interest
ing and instructive and gave one clear
insight into the life and character of one of
our greatest modern Americans In the
western scenes of the picture the characters
and scenes were taken from the book,
"Winning of the West.'' by Theodore
Roosevelt, in six volumes, which we have
in our library. Col. Roosevelt undoubtedly
was one of the most progressive men OF
modern times, and it was through his un-
firing efforts and energy that that stupen-
dous undertaking, the great Panama canal,
was finally started on the road to success.
He died January 6, 1919, at the age of so.
Following is the musical program: b
March-Liberty For All-------F Francis
Selection Jack O. Lantern -Caryll
Waltz-Love's Loyalty -----------Tanne1
Fox-trot-I Amt Got Weary Yet, Wenrich
Modto-Simplicity y---------------Le Lee
One-step-Beautiful Night -Friml
Fox-trot-A Kiss For Cinderella Carroll
March-Then You II Know Y ou' re Home
R. ]. Reichkitzer, Director.
The mirror., 1919-03-20
Three Little Graves
(Concluded)

(Concluded)
"'Tis here, my child, that sister lies,
Deep buried in the ground;
No light comes to her little eyes,
And she can hear no sound.''
Mamma, why can't we take her up,
And put her in my beds
I'll feed her from my little cup,
And then she won't be dead.
For sister'll be afraid to lie
In this dark grave tonight;
And she'll be very cold, and cry,
Because there is no light
''No sister is not so cold, my child,
For God, who saw her die,
As He looked down from Heaven and
smiled,
Called her above the sky.
"And then her spirit quickly fled
To God, by whom twas given;
Her body in the ground is laid,
But sister lives in heaven"
"Mamma, won't she be hungry there,
And want some bread to eat!
And who will give her clothes to wear,
And keep them clean and neatl
Papa must 60 and carry some,-
I'll send her all I've got;
And he must bring sweet sister home;
Mamma, now must he not?''
"No, my dear child, that cannot be;
But if you're good and true,
You'll one day 60 to her, but she
Can never come to you.
Let little children come to Me-,
Once the good Saviour said;
And in His arms she'll always be,
And God will give her bread.''
Author Unkno,ca
The mirror., 1919-03-20
A Spring Morning

There's music in the babbling brook,
There's music in the tree,
The birds call is living song,
The sunshine is its key.
There's music in the sloping dale,
The rocks, too, have their tongue;
A song is singing in my heart,
All the worlds song.
&C. B., in Aprl Namtilu
The mirror., 1919-03-20
K0 MI c kLIPS

Look pleasant, even if you force laugh
Life's always taking your photograph.
He-Are you fond of indoor sports3
She-Yes, if they know when to 60
home.
Two American negro soldiers were dis
cussing musical instruments,
'Yar," said one, "l'se gwine to get me
a eucaliptis.'
"a what?" said the other.
"a eucaliptis-dat' a musical instru-
ment, fool.''
go on, niger! You can't kid me
dat's one of de books oh de Bible.''
A woman and her daughter were at sea
during terrific storm. After silence of
some time the mother asked, "Are you
seasick, deari''
emo, think not, mother" replied the
girl. ''but I'd hate to yawn.''
"They don't reckon prize fights as they
do money!
How do you mean?''
''In money it takes ten mills to make one
cent, but in the ring it takes hundreds of
pounds to make one mill.'
Male Friend-Looking forward to your
divorce, eh?
Mrs. Flyppe-Yes; I'm simply dying to
see what the papers will say about my Co.'S
tunes.
''See here, Jones, why don't you sprinkle
ashes on your icy sidewalkf'
'Because don't want to deprive my
family of any pleasure. You have no idea
how it amuses the children to see people
slip and fall down.
"You wouldn't wear an overcoat that
way. Yet many men,
"Well?''
''Seem to wear their dispositions wrong
side OUT
''l will pledge you my honor TO repaya
loan
'Oh, your honor is security is iti How
much do you wanti Thirty centsf"
''How did your garden turn outl"
''It was a great saving in one way. There
wasn't so much lawn to now
Buy Thrift Stamps. New issue, cost
81. Is this month. Worth $500 in 1924.
The mirror., 1919-03-20
20 ET.T EE =.
Leaues From Our Poets.
The Meaning of the
Mayflower

Looking back it seems to me
God knew war was going to be-
Knew it ages past and gone
That the day was coming on
When the troops of hate and lust,
Trampling honor in the dust,
Would set out to overthrow
All that's noble here below;
So against such danger, He
Sent the MayAower out to sea.
Little did the pilgrims know,
When they knelt upon the snow,
Thanking God in humble prayer
For deliverance. then and there
In their breasts was sown the seed
That should serve mighty need;
That in time should be unfurled
One Flag in a troubled World
That should fly on land and sea
Symbolizing liberty.
Now today our work we find
That is what God had in mind
When the MayAower took to sea;
Here America should be
Strong of limb and clean of heart,
Trained in every human art
Cherishing the seeds of truth,
Ready with its finest youth
To defend its dangers hour
Freedom from the tyrant's power.
Now we see behind Gods plan
When America began,
Here the fires of freedom burned,
Here succeeding ages learned
Truths great lessons; here today,
Putting selfish thoughts away,
Millions march from field and hill,
Gods great mission to fulfill.
Twas to set the whole world free
That the MayAower put to sea.
Edgar II. Cues
The mirror., 1919-03-20
:. Poets Rv :.
Selected

There Is a Little Hint of
Spring
There is little hint of spring,
A subtle, silent, unseen thing
By shaeowed wall and open way,
And l, gypsy for the day,
Go straying far beneath the sky,
And far into the windy hills,
Where distant, dim horizons lie,
And earth with CLEANS of heaven fills.
My quest is but a singing bird,
Whose voice on uplands line is heard,
And this my path where none hath been.
And this my tent. an evergreen;
The hills are mine own open way
hate the smother of the town
love by breezy hills to stray,
Where thawing streams come leaping
down.
From a hill song, by Helen N. Merrill
The mirror., 1919-03-20
Ian ates Attention.!

Inmates will observe the following
rules to insure prompt mail service.
Place register number and page num-
her in upper right hand corner of
envelope in space to be covered by
stamp.
Your future page number will be same as
shown on all incoming letters.
Do not write between lines.
Sign your full name to all letters.
J. J. SULLIVAN. Deputy Warden.
The mirror., 1919-03-20
TT ENTIo Nj!

Inmates are hereby cautioned not to
use the margins of The MIRROR for ad-
dresses of friends or other written
matter. If you wish THE MIRROR sent
to your friends, you are required to
send in their addresses to the Deputy
Warden's Office through your officer.
In this way it will be attended to.
]. j. SULLIVAN
Deputy Warden.
The mirror., 1919-03-20

Board of Parole
c. E. Vasaly, Chairman
c. S. Reed, Sec for Prison
Rev. H. c. Swearingen
X. w. Scott, Sec'y for Reformatory
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1919-06-19

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Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1919-06-19
FRANKLIN COUNTY WILD LANDS.

r NO. l. f. :. 3. K P. VI K r Mt Abraml.
par Of. bang tract of land IN the cart parr Of
SAID township. bounded and described an follows:
scanning at the southwest corner OF = No 4. r.
2 B. K. P. ". X R.: thence east along the south
line Of T. No. 4. r p 3. K P, ". Z. R.. miles
to the northwest corner Of the town Of KsugdaId:
thence south along the west line Of tina town Of
kinEfieid the north line Of the Public Lot:
caence west along the north line Of the Public
Lot 10 -uus: thence south along the line Of
the Public Lot $50 rods: thence ainng TIN
south line of the Public Lot 70 rnos To the wesf
line Of the town Of kinsieid: thence south along
the west line of the town of kingheid the north
line Of The town OF salem. thence along rne
north line of the town of Salem mileg thence
In direct line to the point begun at Said de-
scrlbed tract Is reputed 10 be owned by tho Great
Northern Paper Co and contains thirteen Thousand
Z. NO. l. r !. s. K P. W K r. CMx Ahram3
part or being tract Of land II the west par1 of
said township. bounded and described follows
Beginning at the southwest corner of T. No 4, r 2.
3. K P, W, K R. ttenre in a diroct line to a
punt in the north line of the town Of Salem 2
field: -lence west along the north line Of tno
town Of Salem to The east line Of the Public Lot:
thence north along east line Of the Public Lot
20 rods. thence west along the north line Of the
Public Lot ~ rods: south aiung the west
line of the Public Lot ~ rods the north line Of
of Salem and the north line Of land said To
be owned by Benjamin Dodge go rods lens.
o the line of the Of Madrid: thence
along lines OF the of Madrid
and T. No. I. z. 2. ". q. K P, 10 tho point Of
beginning. SAID land il reputed ID be owned by the
sand seven hundred sixty acres. mnre or leas 7.
Z NO. l. R. l. B. K p. " K R. (Ar Ahraml
part Of being a LOT Of land in the southwest cor-
nsr Of sad tDwuMtp. hounn.d and dsscrah.d =
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1919-06-19

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Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1919-06-19
STATE OF MAINE.

Treasurers =.
coucW1ng
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-02-11

Washingto - President Wilson
mas been assured by President Har-
~ A Wheeler of the United States
Chamber of Commerce that Ameri-
can business stands squarely be-
hind him in his efforts to establish
a league of nations. The following
cablegram, signed by Wheeler, has
been sent to the president in
Iaris:
American business records it
self unqualifiedly in favor of such
an international association as you
have been advocating.
A statement issued here by Pres
ident Wheeler indicates that the
chamber will not content itself with
cabling reinsurance to the pres1-
dent that the business world is with
him, but will undertake an agrees
sive educational campaign to spread
the principles he is advocating.
Edward A Filene of Boston has
been appointed chairman of an ex
ecutive committee on the subject
and will have the aid of George E.
Roberts Of New York and Philip H.
Giadsden Of Charleston, s. G. This
committee will ask all member or
CARNATIONS OF the chamber to ap-
point subcommittee to promote
public meetings and distribute ma
terial setting forth the ideals be
Lind the league OF nations.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-02-11
REYNOLDS

Harold Minteer has returned from
n business trip to Aurora
Drs, Frank Bahrlnger was in Rock
Rev. Edward Mcombsr and Z. ].
Gaunt were in AIedo Thursday
Mrs. Grace Swanson and Mrs. J.
W. Neaman were tri-ctty visitors
The first Joint OF the middle finger
on the right hand of George Faw-
cett, Jr., was cut of last Friday in
Dr.. and Mrs. Howard Sheldon
have decided to again locate in Rey-
nolds. Dr.. Sheldon has just been
discharged from the army
Kenneth Oak has returned from
Camp Grant after several months
service Ia the army.
Mlilett and Myra Hammond. teach
ers in the Reynolds schools, attend
ed professional meeting in Rock
Island Saturday.
home relatives Saturday and Sun
Mrs. Emily Narston visited sun
day with her daughter, Mrs b G.
Nanatta. and family in AIedo.
Mrs. c. H. Wayne. Mrs. Sadie
Mayall and Miss H. Sherrard heard
Mrs. Pennybacker at the Davenport
Woman's club on Wednesday.
Z. K. Edgertou of Rock Island was
in the village Thursday.
: Dinner guests at Ward Curtis
On SUNDAY luCluQSC ana
Mrs. s. W. Slater Of Milan and
Frank Curtis and family OF Rey-
nolds.
Mrs. Emma Wentz was in Aledo
Wednesday.
Mrs. opal Martin and son Donald
were guests at Mrs. l. c. Minteer's
home Sunday.
Mrs. l.. G. Moore has returned
from a visit with her daughter Lou
lac at Des Moines, iowa
o. w. Perry OF Moline has been
visiting at c. H SHOWS home this
week.
VIII Stanley, Jr., Is now manager
OF the moving pictures at the opera
house.
Mr., and Mrs. Fred Shaffer of
North EdgfnRton were in Reynolds
Saturday evening.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1919-02-11
BAD BREATH
Dr.. Edwards Olive Tablets Gel
at the Cause and Remove It

DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets, the sub
stitute for calomel, act gently on the
bowels and positively do the work.
People afflicted with bad breath find
quick relief through DR.. Edwards Olive
Tablets. The pleasant, sugar-coated
tablets are taken for bad breath by
all who know them.
DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets act gently
but firmly on the bowels and liver,
stimulating them to natural action,
clearing the blood and gently purifying
the entire system. They do that which
dangerous calomel does without any
of the bad after effects.
All the benefits of nasty, sickening
gripping cathartics are derived from
DR. Edwards Olive Tablets without
gripping, pain or any disagreeable effects
DR.. F. NJ. Edwards discovered the
formula after seventeen years of prac.
tice among patients afflicted with
bowel and liver complaint, with the
attendant bad breath.
DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets are pure.
ly a vegetable compound mixed with
olive oil; you will know them by their
olive color. Take one or two every
night for a week and note the effect.
lOc and 25c per box. All druggists