The Washington herald., 1919-12-28
COLD WEATHER PROBLEMS
OF AUTO EASILY SOLVED
Principal Thing to Know Is Effect of. Low
, Temperature on Carburetor-Some Tips.

There are three main reasons for
difficulty In starting the motor in
cold weather: !. Poor gas mixture;
:. Reduced efficiency Of battery: ..
Stin' motor. ~
An intelligent Understanding of the
changes brought about by q lowered
Temperature, on the carburetor, cleo
trical equipment and oil, will help
overcome your individual trouble.
The Carburetos -,
The functioning Of the carburetor is
to vaporise the liquid gas and mix
1t with an adequate proportion of air,
which, under compression, constit utes
the explosive mixture. Heat ana cold
have very definite influences on the
carburetiNn of the liquid gasoline.
Gasoline In q volatile liquid and
easii vaporized under the influence
Of heat. being less susceptible with
decrease In temperature. The gaso-
line Vapor 10 just as easily reduced
back to liquid form under the influ-
enoe OF cold. Thus, 0 cold thrush of
air through the carburetor on an al
ready cold Jet Of gasoline, will result
in very weak mixture of air and
gasoline vapor. Therefore IL follows
that the carbretor must be adjusted
TO give stronger or richer mixture
when starting the motor under cold
weather conditions.
Electrical Equipment..
The only part Of the electrical equip
ment influenced by the cold Il the
battery, which provides both the
power to rotate the starter and the
current which induces a spark at the
pltgs. When called upon to rotate the
motor. by means Of the starter, the
battery sets free all its stored up
energy to be used without restraint.
However. q battery, like everything
else. has 1t limitations, and can only
store up Just 30 much energy. Fur
thermore, It Is true OF an electric
storage battery that with a lowering
Of the temperature. its effectiveness
decreases. 80 1t follows that in cold
weather the starter is less able to
do its work, because OF deriving less
power from the battery, than under
normal weather conditions.
Oil.
Heat causes oil to become thin and
flow easily. Cold causes 1t to con-
geal and become viscous or sticky.
1t Is readily susceptible to either in
fluence.
The moving parts of the motor, are
covered with oil which becomes Com
gealed IL sthe motor is left to stand
idle at q low temperature. II 1t be
cold enough, the motor will literally
, become frozen. And 1t IL then, IN
cold weather. that the starter Is called
upon to perform its work.
Lubricating oils are obtainable in
varying degrees Of viscosity, or thick
ness. at normal temperatures, usually
termed Arctic. Light, Medium, and
Heavy grades. Arctic being the thin
ner. This Arctic grade should be used
during cold weather.
Provisions For Easy Starting.
It is obvious that warmth is de-
sirable for starting the motor easily.
However. for those who must start
their motor cold, we suggest the fol-
lowing:
l. Equip the car with radiator and
hood Jacket.
2. Put the following anti-freeze So
luton in the radiator.
"A mixture of denatured alcohol and
glycerine In the following quantities.
for the Liberty: Alcohol, one and
| one-third gallons; glycerine. one-half
gallon; water. four gallons"
3. Take battery to charging station
and have it charged and checked over.
l. Have electrical equipment
thoroughly checked over and adjusted
by competent mechanic-perferably
at an official service station-to ensure
there Is no wastage Of current due
to bad terminal connections and insu-
lation- .
5. Have carburetor adjusted at
service station to suit weather condi-
lions.
6. Drain oil from motor and trans
mission. and refill both with a high
grade thin or Arctic oil.
I. Carry in your car strip of wood
with which to prop open the clutch.
s. See that printing cup taps work
easily and freely.