davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
TYPOGRAPHICAL TABL0IDS

Paris Jan. IA homeseekers' bu-
rcau has been estaL lished by the rail-
road administration to give Iree in
formation about the opportunities OF
the Western and Southern states for
those who wish to engage in Turning.
stock raising, gardening and similar
occupations. j. l.. Edwards, manager
of the agricultural section of the rail-
road administration, will have gen.
eral charge.
Rome, Jan. IA New Years message
to American given the Associated
Press today. Pope Benedict expresses
hope that the peace conference Nigh,
result in a new world of order, with
the league of nations presiding; the
abolition of conscription and the es-
tablishment of tribunals to adjust i'll
ternational disputes.
London, Jan 1-270 sailors We're
drowned today as a result OF the loss
Of the British steam yacht, Iola1re, Oh
Stornoway, Scotland.
New York, Jan. 1.-Beginning with
the new year the Associated Press
commenced sending daily news re-
port by cable to number Of leading
South American papers. who have re-
Gently been elected to membership. In
beginning relations with these new
members the Associated Press believ-
es it is inaugurating an exchange OF
news which will be Of great Influence
in lettering existing relations between
the two continents.
Archangel, Tuesday. Dec. 3i.-(By
the Associated Press.) - American
troops yesterday captured the village
of Radash, on the middle sector or the
northern Russian front, and today
pushed forward their lines dis
tance Of two miles south of the viii
lage in the direction Of Vologda.
New York, Jan. 1.-The American
transport Moccasin, with SO officers
and soldiers and four Y. NJ. G. A. men
arrived here today from Brest.
Basle, Jan. Strikes continue in
upper SiIesia, Germania, according to
reports reaching here. At I1epine sol
diers fired on a crowd and several
persons were killed or wounded.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
COUNTY GE rs
OVER HhLF Of
10000 QUOTA
Escambia Averages With the
Best in Percentage of Mem
berships in South.
SOME DISTRICTS
NOT HEARD FROM
Reports From Remote Parts of
County May Swell Total
Perceptibly.

Escambia county has polled approx
imately $500 memberships In the
Red Cross Christmas Roll Call, at,
cording to a statement made last
night by Chairman w. K. Hyer. at tiiu
close of the campaign. OF the totai
number 5000 is credited to Pensnco-
Ia and 500 to the outlying districts.
Several county precincts, ana the Ma
val Air Station, which are yet to be
heard from. are expected to swell the
grand total appreciably.
Although the county fell down or
the 10000 quota which had been as
signed TO it by headquarters, its rec
ord was double that OF the average
community in the entire southern d.
vision and the interest greater, it was
stated, than anywhere alse in either
the Southern or the Gulf divisions.
I.Iterest Was Slackned.
Sickness and. bad weather are the
causes attributed to the 1essened en-;
thusiasm with the coming of peace
perhaps the most important factor
. in diminishing interest.
1t will be several days before :he
exact figures in the campaign are
known as results are expected to
come in slowly.
Women played a big part In making
the creditable showing for Pensacola
and the street drives on Moncay and
Tuesday. when many new suDscrib-
ers We're obtained, were conducted en-
tirely by women.
: Chairman Hyer expressed himself
last night as pleased over the results
as obtained Pensacola aane up
splendidly. he stated. as diS the re-
mainder of the county, and onfy an
unfortunate situation kept us rron,
gaining the full apportionment. He
was particularly appreciative Of the
support rendered him by The Jour
nal In
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
PRESIDENT is
ENROUTE TO ROME;
BIG FETE PLANNED

Paris. Jan. president Wilson to-
night is enroute to Rome whede he
will be the guest of King Victor
Emanuel during his stay in the Italian
capital He will visit the Pope and
also the Methodist College, and VIII
continue his conferences with the
King, Premier Orlando, and Baron
Sonnino, foerign minister. Important
results are expected from this visit.
which will be the last to allied coun-
tries before beginning the peace con-
ference.
Rome, Jan. 1.-(Associated Pre5s)-
Preparations for the reception OF
President Wilson at Rome are being
carried out actively night and day
The road to Nazionale Is befagged the
whole length from the railroad station
to the Qurina1, bunting is flying from
the f1agstacs surmounted by gilded
images of victory. The municipality
will confer on the president the title
of "citizen of Rome"
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
NEW YORK TEAMS
WILL TAKE THEIR
SPRING TRAINING
IN THE NORTHERN
PART OF FLORIDA

New Pork, Jan. Following the
announcement yesterday that the New
York American baseball team wip
train in Florida this spring instead Of
Macon, Ga, it was learned today that
the New York Nationals also are con-
sfdering changing their spring train
ing quarters from Marlin Springs, Tex.
to some place in Florida. The high
cost of training at Marlin Springs.
and prohibitive railroad rtes are said
to be the reason for causing the
Giants to consider the change.
Manager Miller Huggins VIII take
the Yankees south about MARCH 25. The
location for training camp has nor
vet been decided upon but It Is said
that resort IN the Northern part
OF fhe state viii be selected.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
FLETCHER TELLS
REMEDY FOR FARM
HELP SITUATION

A remedy for the shortage Of farm
help in Escambia and other West
Florida counties is announced by
Senator D. u Fletcher, who. has CIV
en- publicity to the fact that many
laborers are expected to arrive In
Florida from the Bahama Islands this
month.
Although the immigration laws pre-
vent the further importation Of labor
ers, a special dispensation has peen
granted in this case. The permit car
ries the provision that the laborers
arrive on or before January Is. La
borers OF this nationality, who are tl-
ready in the state. will be permitted
to stay.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02

Washington, Jan. i.-(By Associated
PFess.}-By next summer the navy
VIII be equally divided into two great
Aeels to be known formally as the
Atlantic and Pacific fleets. Secre-
eEy Daniels described the program
lOday to the house naval committee,
aplalnlng that approval of it by Ad-
nlFal Benson, chief of operations.
"ds received last night from Europe.
1t IS the prime aim, of course, to
Agep The navy fit" declared Mr.. Dam
ml'' and the only way to keep it on
- Toes IS TO have competition bet
ven fieets. We will in effect have
war between the Atlantic and Pacific
EelS. which will so stimulate the
.s5hliess that it will make the men
~! tley are in actual war.
Ao extension OF navy yard facilities
necessary, the secretary said. He
-. ss,lared also that existing coastal air
seleilSe stations will be continued in
.s'ce, two main stations being main
s.'a' lea' one at Pensacola, Fla, and the
'Ilsf p at San Diego. Cal.
'eet Officers, he said, will be kept
b. B. taelr ships at least two years. The
.'1 aeliic f!eet. the secretary explained
tMayS has been smaller than the AT
-. lit and during the war all import
- cFaft We're Withdrawn the Pacific
sE'Vlce In the war zone In the past
added. naval officers have disliked
i,ilent to the Pacific fleet, but the
feeling " % Ap'''eo 10 remove tp's
Report Strength of Japan.
ts -.e1ort showing the strength OF
tbs s0i'!iese navy was submitted by
H. secretary to fill out the reports or
ras Imperative strength of the ma
Tbiob the six other large power.
njrt.he n.tl he gave Monday. It shows
!, r su hattleships and four building
In pao5t cted: seven battle cruisers
nd s.0isers; sixteen light cruisers,
Ra e1sn more building or projected:
srt, q. a.Hored coast defense vessels
Rro, destroyers and twenty
| trst ,puilling or projected: sixteen
srne sSl Pedo boats: eight second-class
ltsCuo tgent boats; sixteen submarines ana
/ pd ~ seven building and projected.
sI1o.o s"o airships and sixty-tnree mis-
|r''eeus rSs es vessels. Explaining the DUR
sd. u dividing the fleet, Mr.. Daniels
| for every war there is a tenden-
g. she ele navy to retragrade. We need
ssAts s'iil'lius OF competition and few
list a;l so | developed the plan for
Essbt VISION and sent it to Admir-
|p po WIN his enthusiastic endorse
aseBt lSon- It was returned last
1 an. At the head of each fleet will
Iianjrs, OF the very best admirals- an
NJ No. n' Nlo can stay long enough to
Sfrean E.,ipltlon - have directed the
ensjn HaFlsation to have officers
I 4ly COZ tlielr ships two years.
Il its tods to.p9sillon !. win keep the navy
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
BOLS HEVIK SAY
THEIR DOCTRINE e
rs SPREADING FAST

Berlin, Jan. 1.-(Assoctated Press)-
A feature of the congress of the
Spartacus group today was a speech
by Radek. head OF the Bolshevik mis-
sion to Germany. who declared the
Russians did not fear entente invasion
because the invaders would become
infected with the germs of Bolshevtk-
ism. He said he welcomed French oc-
cupation of Germany for the Same
reason The vossische Zeitung warns
the government that the liberation Of
Radek viii be the first step toward
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02

The secretary announced that ht
and Admiral Benson expected to visit
the Pacific coast next summer He
said yard improvements should not be
determined until the next session OF
congress after the department had had
opportunity to recommend extension
work.
The yards at the Panama Canal, at
Hawaii, and at Mare Island and pu-
get Sound, he said, can care amply
for all the: ships in the new Pacific
fleet. During maneuvers botn fleets
will be on one coast.
Aviation expenditures should be
limited to experimental work on ma
chine and equipment, the secretary
declared, in recommending an appro-
priation Of s3o,000.O00 for this branch
The proposed construction of many
additional air defense stations has
been abandoned.
Increase of the marine corps from
17,40O to 26.297 men was recommends
ed The temporary force now in
cludes $1,000 men.
The marine corps must be kept to
place that is not large, Mr. Daniels
said. 1t would be the worst possible
thing to make the marines anOthe.
army.
Navy Proud of Marines.
Asked whether marines snould be
kept off ships, as once ordered, Sec.
retary Daniels said:
Naval officers are as proud OF the
records OF the marines as are the Of
ficers and the marines themselves, a.
they would not have the hooseveIt Or
der put back in effect"
The secretary recommended that the
law of selection Of officers be made to
apply to all those in the marine corps
ranking as captain.
Large submarine bases are to be
maintained by the navy during peace
times at Key West, Fla. New London,
Conn and San Diego, Cal. Secretary
Daniels told the committee during the
discussion of a proposed appropriation
OF S2,500.OD for increasing the water
supply at Key West by laying a 130
mile pipe line. These bases. he said,
will afford ample protection to the
great eortS from enemy attacks.
In discussing the proposed purch-
ase of additional land at Newport, r..
L., Secretary Daniels said it was the
plan Of the navy department to make
Chicago and Hampton Roao.
the sites for the big permanent naya.
training stations on the Atlantic coast
and Great Lakes.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
SAFE IN CITY
HALL R|F LED
IN DAYLIGHT
Nearly $500 in Cash is Found
Missing When City Clerk
Returns to Office.
NO CLEW OBTAINED
YET OF ROBBERS
Safe Was Not Blown, and No
Signs of Violence Are
Found By Police.

Nearly $500 in city funds were
stoien from the vault in tho office
Of City Clerk J. o. Walker at the
city hall shortly after noon yes
terday by unknown parties. The
loss was discovered by MIR. WAL
ker when he returned from lunch
and the burglary was reported to
the police. No clue to the identi
ty of the providers had been So
cured up to late hour last
night.
The cash, which was made up of
funds received Tuesday and wednes-
day in fees paid in the city. was placed
in a cigar box within the vault be-
fore City Clerk Walker left the Of
flee. When he returned the vault
door was open and the funds miss
ing. Mr.. Walker is certain that the
door was locked when he left No
marks were found on the door or any
evidence to show that the door had
been forced.
A quantity of checks. which were
also contained in the cash box, and
which were taken by the burglars
Were later found in a cigar box near
the north entrance to the building. AL
though the vault presented the ap-
pearance Of having been thoroughly
rifled. nothing else Of value is be-
Iieved to have been taken.
Mayor Frank Sanders said last
night that every means was being
used to trace the identity of the burg
lars and that If the men were not ap-
pretended and the money recovered
the matter would be called to the at
tention OF the city commissioners, and
that it was probable that Mr.. Walker
or his bondsmen would be called upon
to reimburse the city.
No reflection is cast upon Mr.. Wal
ker, Mr.. aSnders said, in the an
nouncement by the police that the
vault door showed no evidence OF
tampering with the lock. Although
Mr.. Welker feels certain that the door
was locked, it is believed that he was
mistaken and that someone took aG-
vantage of the circumstances to get
the money.
When asked as to whether or not he
thought the burglary was an ''insi!le
job" Mayor Sanders said that he did
not believe that anyone in the city ha1
had anything to do with the case. The
checks and other papers taken with
the money and which were found
later. give evidence that the thieves
were crafty enough to avoid detection
5, taking papers by which they cotilt
be traced.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
The Only Other Main Station for Costal Air De-
fense in the United States Will Be Located
at San Diego on the Pacific Coast.
ENTIRE EASTERN COAST AIR DEFENSE
SYSTEM WILL PIVOT ON PENSACOLA
Appropriation of S35, 100000 Has Been Recon-
mended for Experimental Work on Mechani-
cal and Equipmental improvements for Planes

Pensacola will be of great coastal defense stations
maintained this country according the of Secretary
to the house naval committee
will be at San Diego, California.
An appropriation of $350oOOO0 will be made for aviation
and with Pensacola the both
gulf coasts it is probable that goody of this will
here No extension navy yard facilities
Secretary Daniels made known Washington
day and this to imply that will be spent
craft production with the planes assigned
nased far beyond the limit The
Eopriation will be experimental machines
and equipment.
All doubts the future of the station were dspeed
when the from Washington last night
alton of Secretary Daniels to aviation
base for the entire eastern and southern
The local naval air station became during war the largest
America and probably in the world maintain
s place aested by the decision of the department
recognize the facilities the great andocked
or capable of accommodating the combined the
world.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
SOLDIERS ABOARD
WRECKED SHIP ARE
IN OF IN DANGER

New York, Jan. 1.-Realtives OF men
aboard the United States transport.
Northern Pacific, aground on q: sand
bar off Fire Island. need have ND fear
for their safety. according to a: wire
less message from Captain Connelly.
commanding. received here tonight by
the Associated Press. Navy officials
announced that no attempt would be
made before tomorrow morning to re-
move the troops.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
PRODUCTION OF
GOLD IN u. S. is
AT VERY LOW EBB

Washington. Jan. 1.-Gold produc-
ton in the United States In 1918 was
the lowest in twenty years, and silver
production dropped to less than sixty
eight millions, fine ounces. The small
est record since 1913. according to a
joint preliminary estimate, by direc-
tor of mints. Baker, and a geological,
survey issued today.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
HIGH NORTH WIND
PREDICTED FOR CITY

Lower temperatures and high
north wind are predicted by the u s.
weather bureau last night Storm
warnings were ordered posted from
Bay st. Louis to Key West last night.
The weather man indicated that tn,
temperature might be expected TO
drop to 81 degrees
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
"OPEN DOOR" is
JAP POLICY SAY
PEACE DELEGATES

New York. January Peace and
"open door" in the far east is to be
the key note of Japan's policy at the
peace conference, according to Baron
Maxine, member of the Japanese
peace commission. here today, en-
route to Paris. The japanese peace
party crossed the continent on a spe-
cial train provided by the United
States government
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
THE PENSACOLA JOURNAL

Prints more want ads than any other
paper of like circulation in the world
Journal Want Ads bring results.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1919-01-02
THE WEATHER

THE WEATHER
,.e., rains Thursday, colder In north
-, Eriday overcast colder In PENN.
P P,s tsrona shifting Winds becoming
oa.daiest temperature yesterday, SO de-
ss. lowest 65 degrees.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Dividends s
Extras

Extras
United Profit Sharing Corporation.-
Extra dividend of per cent has been
declared In addition to the regular semi
ann nal dividend OF per cent. both pay
able June 2 to stockholders of o,
May 10. ''eo'"
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
DIVIDEND NOTICES
Liggett & Myers Tehacco Co.

50 Iouis. Mo-. April ee. IAN
<.A Quarterly dividend OF three nov -.
con,mon cSSm1 Was =, I'll, thia day declared upon the the
ps0BACCo COMPANY, payable on Mh 1,, nhs
ro ra. ssls. TO Common stockholders ",r nt
Irspro I,st,,r at the close OF business on NJ. -.
ioth' 1919; Checks will be tnai,sS may
t. T. ANDERSON, Tressnr.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03

ANDREW J: MCCORMACK. Auctioneer.
REGULAR AUCTION SALE
STOCKS AND BONDS
BY ADRIAN II. MULLER 81 SON,
OFFICE. b5 WILLIAM ST,
WEDNESDAY, MAY I, 1919,
at 1880 O'Clock. at the
EXCHANGE SALESROOM
NOS. Ia AND / 8 VESEY STREET,
For Account of Executor:
SIS shs. Sheffield Iron Corpn. common
V. r. c.
ss shs, sheheld Iron corpn. pretd.
V. T. c.
80 shs. American District Telegraph
Co, Brooklyn
10 shs. New German Theatre Co.
80 shs. Continental Baking Powder
Co.
10 shs. Pine Forest Land &. Improve
ment CO.
5000 shs. Nicaragua Gold Mining Co
For Account Of Whom Is May Concern
10 shs. United Gas & Elec. Corpn 1st
$4,000 brooklyn Rapid Transit Co. Sc,
Notes, due July !. 1913.
S1O,0 600 Dry Dock. East Broadway e Bat
terry r. r. Genl Mtg. SO Bonds
1882.
100 shs. Basic Products Corpn.
shs. Westchester & Van Nest Land
shs- westchester & Van Nest Land
10 shs. United Gas & Elec. Corpn 1st
prefd.
100000 Second Avenue r. r. 1st Consld
59e Bonds 194S.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Record of Stock and Bond Averages
Yesterdays Transactions in Listed Stocks

dollars
1919
n o o
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Liberty Issues
approximate investment yield at the
osing New York Stock Exchange prices.

Sales Of Liberty bonds on the New York
Stock Exchange carry interest to- the date of
sale. and the seller receives this interest in
addition to the sale price
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Commodities
Continued from preceding page

last season was SCI, 100000 pounds, an
increase of 74,600 pounds over the pre-
vious year, it was announced by John
S Dennee, statistician of the Depart
ment of Agriculture. Cane crushed
for sugar amounted to 4,17000O net
tons. The average yield Of cane an
acre was about ls tons and the esti-
About 20.000000 gallons If blaekstrap
and 10,793,000 gallons of cane syrup
will be obtained from the crop in addi-
ton to the sugar, it was stated.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
1ndustrials

Sales. OSan III
ssSS ssSS :A% :Ass1s Bosch EsRGs Mss sss sa9 o@
5SSS ISSS FIX TsS q sse ssse 2sa 24 2s 24s
Io0 100 Chevrolet Mot .28o $50 ESQ 2so
AsO0 s00 ..CCla,borne&AFy 9 . 8
5000 Endi johnson. 72 IS ~ ~ 'zaae zaNe
S0o so ID. do pf .to1H 1oa 1o1N. 1o2 2|@
5000 Fisk w i.3s-36N. 1854 az ss,l
400 Gen Asphalt 66 67Z ss SSSSI2
iOO iO0 'do pf .....1oi 1o1 ,oi 1of
10000 Hupp Mot Car eI esS ei% eSs
5000 lntecont Rub. 23 25L, ga osN
1000 LACK Co Coal. 2B 25N "a oS%
1920 'LibMcN&L..atIa-a2 SO aiN, 3iM
800 sLima Loco. IS "a 4a& as
o 600 Marconi of Am ALa 43k A.. Sas
1000 NAT An & Ch s2a4 SO s2p a2Ts
60v MAT Firepf.. 9M az
J., goo do pf..... 1S to 1s 1SE
10000 10000 IN MIA Id. tsIs-594) ga sH az
10000 Am & F. 6L, ga az az
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Bonds

Following is complete record Of all
transactions in bonds on the New York
Stock Exchange yesterday:
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Bonds

unlisted. +se,l cents per share.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Bid and Asked
Quotations

The following table gives the closing
bi dand asked quotations for stocks
hsted on tho New York Stock Exchange
but not traded in yesterday:
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Curb Market

Note.-The Tribune assumes no respons,.
o''''y ior the accuracy or authenticity of curb
market quotations. Transactions and n,;cs.
Yesterday were As follows:
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03

Livestock, fair to
prime. 100 lb. 4
Dressed beef. sides
I'D. e. q.
Live veals. COM
mon to prime,
100 lb.
Dressed veals, city
lb.
Live ewes. 100 III
Dressed mutton. .lb
Live lam bs. fair
to prime 100 lb
Dressed ! a m b s
city, lb.
Hogs. 100 lb.
Dressed h o < S.
bacon. lb.
Mess beef. bbl.
Mess pork. bhl.
Lard, Midwest,
100 lb.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
MEETINGS
BUFFALO. ROCHESTER, &
PIlISHI RGH Rail lNAV co

fiiIsBt RGH RAILWAY co.
re annual meeting of the stoc k holdcr.
o, the Company Will be held at the or,co
OF the Company, No. Sc Wall Street. New
ioih Nity, at y. m. on Monday, Nav II
l-t', ,"r the election OF thirteen directors
ana three inspectors OF election for tho
81. ,.lns year. and for the Transaction OF
s sucm other business as may properly be
brought before such meeting
me transfer books OF this company Will
be closed on May -. ls3s.- and r.nnen.f,
on May 90. 1919. W
ERNEST IsELIN Secretary.
holders OF the Standard Gas Ii1ht -
pany of the Cay, Of New York viii be held
a. the office OF the Company. Room No sos
NO i5O East 18th Street. New Yorl, ci,s
on Wednesoay May l4th 1918 at -
s,' CLOCK NJ. for this election OF Directors and
the transaction of such o.Aer hnsines.
may come before the meeting -''''' as
JOHN Il. sANBoRN. Secretary.
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Stocks Elk Dividend Yesterday
DIVIDEND NOTICES
Pennok Oil COMPANY

me Hoard of Directors have declared
hn ath 'h',,al ,a,a dividend of 2is%. payable Juna
cin. Stm. IVY TO stockholders of record at the
CLOSE or business May 23rd. 1918
EDWARD A. bREAM. Secretary
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Livestock, Meats, Provisions

Yesterday a year ago
$3.50 @1s.25 S11.50@17.O0
.21@ .2s .I9@.2sa
l3.oo@17.oo 1e.5o@1s.5o
1870 .26 1870 "a
900 @14.50 12.O0@12.5o
.22@ .26 ."2@ -
17.75@2o.e5 1s.25@
SEQ IA .25@ 30
20.25@20.75 1s.50@
.2s1s a .2s7@ .25M@ .25s4
$500 @36.oO 3e.00 a 1870
56.00@57.00 $1,000
34.1O@34.2O 1885 @25.9s
New-York tribune., 1919-05-03
Hay and Straw

Hay and Straw
Yesterday A year ago
Per ton Per ton
Timothy. No. /.
large bales st2 600 1890 $50 @se 90
Glover. No. ] mxd $4,000 1000 2s.OO@26 90
Rye straw, No. l I5.00@16OO 1900 -
Orchard and Field