davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
sUFFRAG1sT KILLED BY GAS
Mrs. NcwRnrdcn Found Dend ~ !
Her Home on West 1921 street.

Her Home on West 1924 street.
Mrs. Jennie Newgarden, SO. member,
Of the Sterling Republican Club, who
has been acting as a registration clerk in
the Twenty second Assembly district. re-
turned yesterday to her home $40 Wests
152d street, accompanied by her son.
Joseph, a former soldier. The son left
soon after.
About 5 o'clock Mrs. Margaret Moore
of 52S West 154th street called to see
Mrs. Newgarden. She found the door Il
locked and called Maurice 2. Canarv
who lives next door, and with a police
man an entrance was forced from the I,
fire escape. Mrs. Newgarden was found =
dead in the bathroom. Gas was flowing.
freely from the heater. DR.. Thomas Az
Gonzales. assistant medical examiner,
said he believed death was caused acci-
dentally. The piping in the gas heater
was defective, and one Of the other jets
In the bathroom had been turned on.
Joseph Newgarden said there was no
reason for an attempt by his mother On, %
her life.
Mrs. Newgarden had been prominent =
as a suffragist for several years. She a
was n music teacher and had appeared n
in concert as a soprano. i've.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
SWEDEN WOULD JOIN LEAGUE.
Parliament stays Action Until
Peace Treaty Is Ratified.

STOCK HOLM, oct. 9.--The eXtraordi-
nary session of the Swedish Parliament
is being continued while the ratification
of the German peace treaty by a suff-
cient number OF the Great Powers to
put 1t into effect Is being awaited. When
this occurs the question of Sweden join
ing the League of Nations will be i'm
mediately discussed by the parliament
airy body.
The leaders of all the Swedish parties
have expressed themselves as in favor
of Sweden's entrance into the league.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
Dean of williams Resigns.

WrLLIAMsTowN. Mass. oct. 9.-Prof
Carroll Lewis Maxcy resigned as dean
Of Williams College to-day. but will re-
main at the college as professor OF
rhetoric. The trustees elected George
Edwin Howes. professor of ancient
languages at Williams since 1905, to
succeed him as dean.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
JOHNSON SEES AID
To THEFT IN LEAGUE
Senator Analyses Shantung
Provision to Show Rob
berry of China.
SPEECH WINS APPLAUSE
Quotes Wilson as Saying
Shameful. Accountable,
Then Unsuitable.
Special Despatch to THE SUI.

SPoK ANE. Wash, Oct. s. The con-
Guiding speech of Senator Hiram John
sons tour through Washington State
was made here tonight before large
and enthusiastic audience, which re-
peatedly interrupted the address with
applause. The Senator devoted himself
to an analysis Of the Shantung provisions
Of the peace treaty now before the SEN
ate.
~ dislike exceedingly" he said, 10
quote MIR. Wilson upon Mr.. Wilson De-
cause you may think II invidious upon
my part but DIR, Wilson in Paris de-
scribed the Shantung decision as shame
full; In Washington designated 1t AS
abominabfe and detestable in San Fran
cisco 1t was justifiable. Now you may
choose from his Paris declaration or MS
Washington declaration or his San Fran
cisco declaration. But 1t was not until
he reached San Francisco that either he
or any member of the Government OF
the United States had ever raised a voice
in justification of the inramy of Shan
tung.
He justified il in his usual plausible
fashion by recounting all of the rob-
berries of the past that have been perpe-
trated against China. He told how I'M
der President Mckinley and Secretary
of State Hay foreign nations had de-
spoiled China, and he reasoned from that
because China in the past had been
robbed by foreign nations that robbery
of China to-day by our nation was
wholly justifiable.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
Senator Sees Opposition.

The success of the Senator's meetings
here and in Seattle and Tacoma have
convinced him. he said this evening,
that a majority of the people of wash
ington are emphatically opposed to the
treaty and the covenant in their orig
inal form.
At Seattle yesterday Senator John
son spoke first at the Arena, where
$500 people were seated and about
1000 were standing in the aisles. Presi-
dent Suzzalo OF the University of Wash
ington presided An overflow of al
most 5000 waited outside until the first
speech was over. and the Senator was
obliged to make a second address, start
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10

ing at 10 o'clock in the Metropolitan
Theatre.
Senator Johnson left tonight FOR
Utah. where on Saturday at noon he
will address a mass meeting in Ogden.
and that night will appear in Salt
Lake
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
Carries Germs of War.

In concluding for tn present minute
analysis OF Article Y. may I not fairly
argue IL is capable of SO many inter-
pretations, vague and visionary. that az
1t stands 1t Is pregnant with the germs
OF dispute, Observation-Disclosures andpossible
wars for the United States.
The only solution. therefore, Is to
remove any possible doubt as to its APP
plication to the Uniter States by a reser-
walton specifically stating the position
of our Government
Some wonoer at the Intensity of feel
ing on the part of the people in America
of Irish blood to secure the application
Of the principle of self-determination to
the land OF their forebears. What think
ment and OF sadness experienced by the
hundreds OF thousands of American SOL
der boys Of Celtic blood, Justly proud of
their work in liberatng the enslaved
peoples of Europe, when they hear d
still voice In the depths of their heart
saying: I have helped to bring indie
pendence and freedom to many enslaved
peoples; ! have helped to remove the
shackles of political oppression from
many races, but the race from which
have sprung is still left, the only English
speaking race In the world to-day in
political subsection? Indeed may I not
also add: Can 1t be that my Govern
ment which l have had the honor to
serve In liberatlng other races Is now
negotiating unconsciously perhaps to
make 1t more difficult for my kindred
| in Europe to obtain their long hoped
| and prayed for freedom?
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
China Looked to Friend.

But he missed the point entirely.
China has been robbed in the past, 1t IS
true, but whenever a robbery occurred,
whenever territory was taken from 'her'
she looked to one friend for ultimate con-
solution and hope, and that friend was
the United States of America. And the
United States never participated in but
always protested against the despoll-
ment of China in the past. The difference
now is that for the first time In the MS
tory of our country, for the first time
in the history of China, that country
Is robbed with the consent and con-
niyance, aye, indeed, with the consum-
mating final vote of the United states OF
America. That is the difference between
our past actions and the present unanin-
ity you have heard so much about In the
voting machinery of the League OF ma
tions.
you have been told. you know, that
wher unanimous vote is required
nothing wrong can ever be done, ana
some mathematical gymnasts nave
demonstrated ccnclusively that SIX
EQUALS one and one equals six and
one equals th'rty-two and hirty-two
equals one. Please remember that a
unanimous vote was required at Paris,
Keen II in mind that there could not be
a wrong done, there could not be a rob
bery consummateo, there could not De
an infamy perpetrated in Paris without
every man sitting at the board agreeing,
and there was a unanimous vote cast
in Paris for the robbery OF our friend
and ally China in this war.
when you are asked to support the
League of Nations on the aground that
unanimity will prevail remember the
unanimity that prevailed at Paris in re-
lation to Shantung"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
The Second Sentence.

1.-THE second sentence of Article X.
provides:
"In case Of any such aggression or in
case of any threat or DANCE. of such
aggression the council shall advise upon
means by which this obligati lion shall be
fulfilled
Who dares TO predict the limitation of
interpretations which may b. placed by
the council upon the words any threat
or danger of aggression
president Wilson interpreted the
second sentence of Article Kin his
message transmitting the Franco
American alliance treaty-as follows:
After the league councils advice has
been duly given the league members will
do precisely as they please about fol-
lowing it. The difficulty that arises is
this: In the first sentence the members
of the league solemnly agree TO respect
and protect leach other as against ex-
ternal aggression. In the second SEN
tence-accordng to the Presidents in
terpretation-a league member Will act
on the league councils advice in a given
aggression case only II in its judgment
the situation justifes such action Mr.
Hughes said of Article X that 1t was an
illusory engagement Tho President act
ually says that II is no engagement at all.
He says that the league council may ad-
Wise, but that the league members may
go in their respective ways without
giving the slightest heed to the advice
IL Article X. be interpreted to mean
anything, II surely means that tho
United States engages to send armed
forces whenever and wherever the league
council orders them to be sent. II II
be interpreted as the President inter-
prets, 1t the United States agrees to fol-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
Asked Only a League.

For our sacrifices. for the financial
obligations assumed for our allies, for
the burdens of taxation that we must
levy for years upon our people, for the
heartaches and pains and suffering and
the physically weakened manhood and
womanhood of our nation we asked only
for the institution at that peace confer
ence of a league OF nations founded upon
the principles OF universal justice.
II am irrevocably committed TO the
principle of a league of nation. Had
the conference at Versailles really car
ried out the principles our President had
clearly and courageously proclaimed to
the world during the war no Senator.
I believe, would have dared to vote
against a new and healthy method OF
settling International disputes and pre-
venting future wars. 1t is the complete
absence of the high minded sentiments
we proclaimed during the war that has
provoked the great opposition to this
covenant and crushed the hopes OF pro-
gressive, forward looking men through
out the world
Let us see where the injustioes are
recorded Let US see II II be possible for
this Senate to make this a league found
ed upon principles of honor and fair
dealing.
surely to object to this attitude is
TO deny Senator's their constitutional
rights. As a member OF this body /
consider 1t my duty to review this docu-
nlent to see whether II contains clauses
dangerous to the existence and perpe-
tuity Of this republic and seek TO elm
mate them.
but It is said and forcibiy by many
that this league is and of necessity
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10

at should be noted that the council
has Jurisdiction not merely TO decide the
ultimate question. but also the prelimi-
nary question whether the question be-
fore the council is one that falls within
lts jurisdiction. Again, even assuming
that such a visit as kossuth's, De
/ Valera's and representatives of the
Hindus and Beers who have visited this
country soliciting the aid of our people.
even. | say If these visits could not be
considered acts of external aggression
II is still true that we could not exercise
| our right to admit them II any member
of the LEAGUE 10 whom such visits would
be displeasing brought up the question, a S
under the provisions of Article NJ. II is
| possible to claim that the United States
| in receiving thes representatives would
| thereby be a part to circumstance
which threatens to disturb the good
understanding between nations
Have we forgotten the history ofo our
own countrys struggle for independence?
| DO We imagine that never again will an
| oppressed people be inspired to do what
we did when ttS Continental Congress
SdespatcheC Franklin to France to obtain
7 aid, which was given whole heartedly,
| and France sending Lafayette and Ro-
| chambeau with mcn and money? What
| was this but external aggression against
| the territorial integrity of Great Britain
! Had this league with Article Y. been in
| force it might have been the solemn OBJ
| legation Of France to seize our philos-
opher diplomat Franklin and deliver
him In chains to England,S Surely the
| United States should not take a position
which would prevent our receiving from
= oppressed people missions SUCH as Frank
| lin carried TO Europe. To accept Article
| Y. as It stands is to do violence to our
own history and to give the lie to our
| traditional policy OF helpfulness to the
downtrodden and the oppressed.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10

The keynote of the doctrine incor-
porated in Article X. of the covenant
is an open and complete reversal of
the traditions of this republic. 1t means
in my opinion, a departure from the
major principle upon which America was
founded and which the American people
have long and tenaciously cherished It
means that our republic would in all
probability be to-day a colony of Great
Britain had this League of Nations with
Article Y. inserted existed previous to
our revolution.
Let us examine the wording Of this
article. 1t provides in the first clause ::
The members of the league under
take to respect and preserve as against
external aggression the territorial in
tegrity and the existing political indie
pendence of all members of the league.
ITO be sure Article Y. has external
aggression provided for as a condition
for the guaranty, but who is to decide
what external aggression means? Who
is to tell what are the limitations of this
phraseology? What is involved In the
phrase its existing political independ-
ence'? Is hatred of a King, a Car, a
tyrant? Is a desire to obtain a govern
ment based upon the consent of'the gov
erned an interference with existing
political independence? II the present
attitude of certain of our allies toward
subject peoples is any criterion. | fear
II would be so considered. 1t is pro-
vided that the jurisdiction OF the league
shall not extend to. a matter which aC-
cording to the contention of one of the
parties is found by the council on settled
principles on international law to be a
matter of purely domestic concern.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
WALSH DENOUNCES
LEAGUE IN SENATE


Walsh's speech was Vance Mccormick,
former chairman of the Democratic Ma
uonal Committee, who spent some time
discussing conditions with Democratic
Senator'S Other visitors whose presence
during the day caused particular interest
were DR.. A. Lawrence Lowell, president
of Harvard. and Oscar Straus. both
leaders In the League to Enforce Peace.
DIT Lowell called on Senator Lodge,
who smiiingly explained that they had
a pleasant chat and would give no fur
Their information
Early in the session Mr. Borah (Ida-
ho) read Newspaper clipping from
st. Paul paper. itself a supporter of the
treaty. In which the advocates OF the
treaty we're attacked for the methods
Of their propaganda department. 1t
charged that the league had been send
Ing out garbled and misleading ire
port" of debate on the Senate floor
between Senators Fall IN. NJ and will
Jams (Miss.) calculated utterly to mlsin-
form readers as to what had passed.
This organization" said Mr. Borah,
must literally have money to burn. One
is compelled to wonder whence II gets
the funds that finance these activities
on which apparently hundreds of thou
sands are being spent. to force the Sem
ate to ratify this document without any
consideration whatever for the safe
guarding of vital American interests.
Not an Honest Report.
Il have seen copy of the arranged
debate referred to in this clipping. 1t
was not prepared honestly or with in
tent to convey the truth to the country.
| would have no objection to 1t II 1t
were done with intent to tell the truth ;
but this piece of work that is being dis
tributed throughout the whole country
has been done with deliberate dishon-
esty and the purpose to deceive the
American people"
Senator Williams protested that it
would similarly be interesting to know
who was financing the opposition to the
league; whence came the money to pay
railroad fares, hotel bills and the like
for stumpers in opposition.
"If the Senator refers to me-" inter-
rupted Mr. Borah, II can inform him
that j paid my own expenses from my
own pocket, and I wish to the Lord
had more time and money to devote to
the same effort
Mr.. Williams added that advocates
on one side in any partisan discussion
were given to making the best possible
case for their side and said IL there
had been deliberate misrepresentation
in the propaganda it ought to be inves-
tigated and exposed.
oh, ! have exposed it once on this
floor. but it goes right on" replied Mr..
Borah. 81 showed that resolutions sent
to the Senate in favor of ratification of
/ the treaty had never been adopted at
all, but that instead the resolutions ac-
tually adopted were opposed to ratif-
| cation and then were 'doctored before
being sent here"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10

low or ignore the advice at the pleasure
of the United States One interpreta-
tion Involves the ordering about Of
American troops by supergovern-
ment, the other Interpretation practi-
cally eliminates the value of Article X.
from the treaty.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
The Irish Neglected.

What think you must be the thoughts
OF American parents Of Celtic blood
whose sons bodies lie in flanders fields
when they learn that their supreme sac
rifice helped to bring independence and
freedom to many races and peoples OF
whose existence they had never known
while the empire with whose soldiers
their sorts fought side by side continues
to deny their kindred across the sea
the same measure OF independence
America and her allies have bestowed
on the races who were our enemies in
this war?
I'm word they ask and they have a
right to ask, the United States Senate
not to ratify that part of this covenant
which many sincerely believe puts an
end once and for all time to Americas
ancient and historic attitude toward OPP
pressed peoples. To accuse them of EN-
barrassing England would be a grave
injustice to the great rank and file Of
Americans of Celtic blood. It is indeed
amazing to find intelligent men who in
discussing the Irish problem allege that
this element in Americas population
seeks to involve America in a war
against Great Britain in order to bring
about the freedom Of Ireland. The man
who makes such an accusation is grossly
ignorant Of the facts Or makes such
contention in an effort on his part to
justify opposition TO their legitimate de-
mands. 1t is adding insult to injury.
No section or element of our population
has a right to ask America to incur the
ermity of any nation because Of pretu-
dices resulting from grievances IN other
parts of the world but 1t certainly has
right to ask America not to join with
oppressors of its kin in Europe in re-
stricting the opportunities to obtain
their Independence or assist directly or
indirectly in crushing out the legitimate
aspirations of any people. As l under
stand the position of the people of Irish
blood in America they, as American citi-
zens, ask the United States not to join
in any league or make any agreement
with other nations which may hinder
or forever bar oppressed peoples from
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10

must be compromise--that the Presi-
dent was surrounded by circumstances
and in ar environment that made II
necessary for him to give and take
Whatever justification the President may
have had for that position-and | do
not claim that he pursued such course
certainly the Senate. whose duty 1t In
to advise and consent to treaties, must
determine carefully whether what
America is asked to surrender in this
treaty may not be destructive of most
valuable American rights. There are
some things that cannot be compromised
as, for instance, the violation of the
fundamental conceptions of justice, the
denial of the right to existence of small
nationalities the interference with the
legitimate national aspirations of any
people and the perpetuation of oppres-
sion.
'Tf this league is founded on the
theory that war can best be averted
by each nation guaranteeing to the
other members of the league their ter
ritorial integrity II will fail to serve
the worlds purposes To surrender the
principle of justice in the hope to OBJ
tain peace Is to be forgetful of the fact
that to barter justice is to sell the soul
Of the nations OF the world. With these
fundamentals in mind let us proceed to
discuss certain phases of the treaty and
covenant, which l believe contain pro-
visions. which should be modified or
removed.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
Cannot Gain Hearing.

,"Let us not deceive ouselves Let no
Senator vote for this covenant and JUS
tify his vote upon the pretence that he
is helping subject peoples by setting up
world tribunal. where hearings can be
had for the application of the principle
OF self-determinatiou. No Senator can
point to any language that justifes the
assertion that there ever can be a hear
ing given these people II the nation
charged with oppression objects.
Article NI apparently provides for
such hearing. There the following Ian
guGsc is used Any war OF threat Of
war is hereby declared matter OF con-
Germ to the whole league. and the league
shall take any action and so forth and
further, any circumstance whatever az.
fecting international relations which
threatens to disturb either the peace or
the good understandings between ma
lions on which peace depends any mem
Der of the league may bring to the atten-
ton of the council But everybody
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-10-10
shantung Clause Attacked.

THE Shantung provision OF this
treaty is indefensible. To consent to
and advise the ratification OF this pro-
vision in its present form would be-
as I view 1t, an act of national ais
honor. The Chinese, who were our
allies in the recent war, had the right
to have their interests fully and i'm
partially considered at the Peace Con
ference. To sanction the secret agree
ments entered into by nations which
were assumed to be believers in the
principle of self-determination, designing
to despoil China of her control of an
important part OF her territory and
population situated as strategically as
Shantung is, cannot be defended on any
basis of Justice or international honesty.
Compromise principle. dishonor. rat
ify robbery to cultivate the friendship
of any nation--to secure the signature
OF any nation to a compact which I'M
dertakes to abolish wars. Could abb
surdity go further? When has America
heretofore preached or practised such
unethical principles? Did we not go %
war for the purpose of preventing any
people anywhere of their own arbi-
trary will endangering the peace of
the world? l will lend my influence
and vote for every effort made to pre-
vent the United States sealing such a
compact, burdened with so much of ma
tional dshonor and of national per-
fidy