davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1919-07-20

r n this article, and in each of the
series which is to follow, it is
my purpose to lay before the
L readers of The Star a phase of
the peace treaty drawn by the allied
and associated powers in Paris and
signed by them and Germany at
Versailles on June 28. The articles
will take the form of reducing the
more or less lengthy treatment ac-
corded the clauses of the treaty in
the original to a length and style
which 1 hope may render them more
easy of assimilation by the lay
reader.
There will be no effort at prosely-
tism in the articles; no seeking to
insert opinions on the various SUBJ
jects which will be taken into con-
sideration. My function will be
solely that of telling in plain, read
able English the unadorned con-
tents of the treaty. 1 shall write
in the belief that there are great
numbers of Americans who, stag
gered at the thought of ever study
ing the treaty from preamble to
signatures. will welcome the OPP
portunity to understand, discuss
and reach their own conclusions on
the multiplex subjects dealt with.
through the reading of a series of
papers in which the original SUBJ
ject-matter, digested for their bene-
fit. is laid before them as briefly as
may bS.
Evening star., 1919-07-20

"a pitchfork," he mused, as a useful
implement in the hands OF man who knows
when and how to use it. In extreme cases
it will stop savage bull; but in the hands
of a man running amuck it is dangerous to
the neighbors."
Getting down to the concrete PROPOSE
ton, Justice McReynolds' pronounced this
formula: "The way to make America bet
ter land is for every American to become a
better citizen"
In illustration he told of an old preach
er he had known: 1T seems to me-" said
this old man, that the average Christians
notion of prayer is, Lord, give me this Lord,
give me that-everlastingly asking some
thing, and without offering anything in re-
turn If they really loved the Lord they'd
be thinking of how to serve Him, not always
of what they could get out of Him."
X X X
That" said Justice McReynolds, "is the
way Americans ought not to look upon their
government. Its true function is not to dis
pense bounties, but to preserve opportunities.
Not what they can get out of the govern
Evening star., 1919-07-20
Railway Traffic Is Less.

There was a marked falling-off in
freight and passenger traffic for the
week ending July IA. as compared
with the same period a year ago, a
report on the railroad traffic situa-
ton issued today by Director General
of Railroads Hines says. The report
states. however. that freight and
passenger movement for the week
showed some improvement over the
week ended July Z.
Notwithstanding restrictions placed
by the railroad administration against
unnecessary travel. due to the move
ment of returning soldiers from
abroad, reports received from the AL
legheny region show that for the
period July to July 6, inclusive,
111,50O passengers were handled be-
tween Philadelphia and the seashore
resorts, an increase of more than
100 per cent over the same period
last year.
Evening star., 1919-07-20
LEADERS ARE LEGION,
IS PLANT AT CAPITOL
Republican Machine Begins to Squeak Little,
While Presidential Political Pot
Starts a-Boiling.

he will be the candidate easiest for
the republicans to beat. The third
term objection alone will settle him."
Stuff and nonsense" came back
the other. What do you think the
people are going to care about such
shadowy thing as the third-term
bugaboo at the rate that century,
old traditions and policies have been
oVerthrown and written laws sus-
pended for the purposes of the war.
If he has any kind of success at
al, with his league of nations we
will have to stir our stumps to find
man to run against him.
All this to show how the talk is
running among the politicians AS to
the presidency, and the diverging
opinions. even among republicans,
over Mr.. Wilson.
X < *
Presidential politics came in for
little notice last week. even in the
midst of the stir
RODS RUN.UP ring talk about
FOR LIGHTNING. the league of
nations and the
various moves on the checkerboard
of the consideration of the treaty.
Senator Hitchcock of Nebraska. for
mer chairman of the foreign relations
committee and the direct representa-
tive of the administrations interests
on the floor of the Senate in connec-
ton with the league of nations fight,
is credited in the political gossip of
the day with entertaining presiden-
tial aspirations in case President Will
son decides not to be candidate.
A California newspaper formally
launched the boom of Senator Hiram
Johnson of that state. Frank Smith.
republican leader in Illinois, put
forth Gov. Frank o. Lowden of ILL.,
nois. Mr.. Smith gave a new twist to
his nominee; he did not present him
as the favorite son of state-of Illi-
nois alone-but as the favorite' son of
the middle west" He did not say
by what authority he spoke for the
other states of the group beyond ex-
planning that the middle west was
not as radical as the far west nor
as conservative as the east, but want
ed a candidate with certain attri-
man, declared Mr.. Smith.
The Lowden boom is being backed
also by some New York men, it is
known. New York does not see any
body in sight as the favorite son of
the Empire state just at present. and
some of the New York leaders think
it may be a wise move to go to the
middle west for candidate.
Senator Hiram johnson is making
headway, the politicians say. among
the progressive republicans as the
heir to the progressive robe of Col.
Roosevelt, much to the concern of the
Leonard Wood boomers, who claim
they saw it first
At the Capitol the opinion is widely
held that presidential politics will be
held in abey-
LEAGUE OF NATIONS ance until
A BIG FACTOR. final action on
the league of
nations. This will apply to demo-
Gratis as well as republicans The
question of candidate may be set
tied for the democrats by the out
come of the fight on the league, it is
said. The republican party may find
itself affected by the course of the
majority in the Senate for veal or
woe, with a consequent bearing upon
type of candidates.
Evening star., 1919-07-20

better American. Finding fault and nursing
the spirit of discomfort will not help. He
must fit himself for more intelligent partici-
patton in the affairs of government, and do
his part.
"By government, l do not mean alone
the government at Washington. 1 mean the
governments of towns and cities and coun-
ties and states. There is too much running
to Washington in a spirit of 'Oh Lord, give
me this and oh, Lord, give me that Amer
icanism means that towns and cities and
counties and states should intelligently
work out their own problems. The govern
ment at Washington will be at its best when
every community is doing its best with its
own affairs. That is what liberty and self
government require under any system.
"Away from fads and loose talk and
back to the fundamental principles upon
which the American government is founded
should be our watchword today. Then we
will continue steady progress upward-just
as for nearly a century land half we pro-
gressed more rapidly than any other people
ever did. And by sticking to our great prin-
ciples we will make the future safe"
Evening star., 1919-07-20

upon demand of the allies all eco
nomic, transport and aerial naviga-
tion advantages accorded to the
allies in the treaty.
Stipulations concerning the left
bank of the Rhine include the pro-
vision which prohibits Germany from
constructing Notifications there or
within fifty kilometers (about thirty
one miles) of the east bank, or from
maintaining or assembling armed
forces within this area. Violation of
the above provisions will be regarded
as hostile act. calculated to disturb
the peace of the world.
The Saar Basin, a rich and ex-
tensive coal deposit of Germany, is
ceded to France by that country in
full and absolute possession as COM
pensation for the destruction of coal
mines In northern France and part
payment toward total reparation.
For fifteen years the ceded territory
is to be governed by commission
of five. one German, one Frenchman
and three appointees Of the league
Of nations from other powers. at the
end of which period it is stipulated
that the inhabitants of the basin
shall announce the sovereignty un-
Evening star., 1919-07-20
HOW TO MAKE AMERICA BETTER
Making Individual Better More Enlightened Citizen Says
Justice McReynolds.

ment, but what they can put into
it, is the spirit we need to cultivate.
Il believe our system of govern
ment is the best yet devised to meet
the needs of our situation. 1t would
not do at all for some other peoples,
but it is best for U.S. Its foundations
are laid on true principles of human
rights. But it needs men of expert
ence, sense and principle to conduct
its daily affairs. Fools can wreck
anything. Running amuck with the
pitchfork is not wisdom and it is
not progress"
Evening star., 1919-07-20
The Gist of the Treaty With Germany.
l. Political Clauses for Europe.
Political Clauses for Europe.
By NEWBOLD MOVES.

A very small section of territory on
Germany's western border is ceded
to Belgium, her sovereignty recog-
nized in an adjacent small contested
territory and a commission to set
tie the frontier line between Ger
many and Belgium is provided for.
Germans living in the territories
transferred to Belgium will, with
certain exceptions, become Belgian
citizens upon the transfer. Adult
Germans are given a period of two
years in which to move to Ger
many. however. Financial liabilities
between Germany and Belgium are
treaty. and will be dealt with in a
subsequent article upon financial
clauses.
The Grand Duchy Of Luxembourg
is next dealt with. Germany re-
nounces all outstanding discrimina-
>tions in her favor, which in the
pre-war status she had required of
Luxembourg; recognizes that that
country ceased to form part of the
German Zollverein as from January
!. 1919. and that the regime of neu-
trality and German exploitation in
the duchy has terminated. Ger
many agrees to all international ar
rangements which the allies may
conclude with Luxembourg and un-
dertakes to grant to that. county
Evening star., 1919-07-20
VIEWS OF GREAT AMERICANS
ON MAKING AMERICA BETTER

Editors note: This is the first of series of in
terviews by Mr. Cline with leaders of national thought
on the general topic of "How to Make America Bet
ter" The underlying idea is to crystalline into
structve public opinion the great nation impulse
toward better things which is of the products of
with Franklin K Lane, Secretary of the Interior.
Evening star., 1919-07-20

1--WE have had an influx Of people who are
really, innately indeed, hostile to our govern
ment and institutions, and they preach dis
content They cannot appreciate what Amer
canism means. They have no genuine un-
derstanding of our Constitution or of the
principles embodied in it, and no sympathy
with our great purpose. They are the ones
most often heard in agitation, and they
often impress others, who having failed to
inform themselves as to what their govern
ment means do not detect the seed Of rev.
olution OF course, some things are always
wrong but in order to right these wrongs
the foundations of the government do not
have to be dug away" .-.
Justice McReynolds has Lincoln-like
fondness for homely SMILES.
IF man had an ill-smelling stable" he
said, "he wouldn't tear it down to get rid
of the odor. He'd put on overalls and take
a pitchfork and go out and remove the
manure"
The associate justice is the son of
doctor and by training lawyer, but lik-
ing for things rural is disclosed in the fire.
quency with which he goes to the farm for
illustrations to drive home his points.
Evening star., 1919-07-20

Justice McReynolds turned upon
his interviewer: THE newspapers"
he said, have great duty here and
a great opportunity. America can
be made better by making the in
dividual citizen better. Help him to
realize his political responsibilities
and duties. He ought to understand
what government means. He must
not think that almost anybody will
do to fill an office or represent him
in Congress; that he need not con-
Germ himself about public affairs.
He must be reached and made to
feel that he has direct responsibility
for what the government is and
what it does. The newspapers
can exert a tremendous influence
by constantly calling for study of
our history and reflection on the
benefits we have long enjoyed.
Il am inclined to think the aver
age American today doesn't take the
intelligent interest in affairs of gov
ernment that his father and grand
father took. He is busy with many
new things and often neglects the
more essential ones. Our govern
ment house is superb-but it must
be kept in repair and run by those
who do not wish to wreck it,
X X X X
america is by far the best place
on earth today" Justice Mickey
nolds challenged. "It can be made
better, ought to be made better. 1t
, will be made better if the in
dividual American will make him
self better citizen and
Evening star., 1919-07-20

The treaty, as is generally known
to the newspaper-reading public, is
divided into fifteen major parts.
Part l deals with the league of ma
tions, a phase of the covenant SO
prominently in the searchlight Of
public discussion today as to rem
der any treatment along the lines
indicated above superf1uous. Part
II is concerned with the boundaries
of Germany, a subject which can
only be made clear when a map de-
picting the technical word provi-
sions shall have been published.
Part III deals with ''The Political
Clauses for Europe" and it is with
this section Of the treaty that to-
days article is concerned.
Various geographical sections of
Europe are treated successfully in
this major division of the covenant.
We shall consider them in the order
in which they appear, indicating the
main provisions for each section.
Belgium is the first. Old treaties,
which established the status OF that
country in Europe for eighty years
prior to the world war, are junked
as unsuitable, and Germany prom
ises to recognize and observe new
treaties to be drawn up by the allies
and Belgium and the Netherlands.
She further promises immediate
formal adhesion If they call for It.
Evening star., 1919-07-20

Justice McReynolds paused for a
long moment of reflection.
1--WE have made wonderful prog
ress in this country for hundred
years" he finally continued. AT
least, we have progressed along
some lines. In other ways, / fear,
we have been losing something
You can talk today from Washing
ton to San Francisco by telephone;
but men who can talk intelligently
Of their government, what it means,
Evening star., 1919-07-20
By SHELDON S. CLINE.

~ OBUST Americanism and
deep reverence for the
Y great principles underly-
Il Y ing the American govern
ment are characteristic of
James Clark McReynolds, associate
justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States. When asked to give
his views on How to make America
better" it was only natural, perhaps,
that his attitude should become in
measure defensive. Had the inter-
viewer expected to hear any new
tangled theories as to the rights of
the people or the rule OF the prole-
tariat (Which he didn't), he would
have been doomed to disappoint-
ment.
There is no doubt" said the dis
tinguished jurist, that everywhere
a spirit of unrest, of uncertainty, is
being cultivated. Many are dissatis-
fed and want changes of some kind
too often anything which will up
set the established order of things.
This demand for change is often
made in the name of progress 1t
cannot be driven home too en-
phatically that change and progress
are not one and the same thing. A
farmer might be dissatisfied because
a certain field produced only twenty
bushels of wheat to the acre. If this
led him to study of soil conditions
and the adoption of appropriate
methods for getting twenty-five
bushels. that would be progress.
But if on the advice of some agita-
tor he abandoned the field to weeds
and brush, that would be change
only"
Evening star., 1919-07-20
Making Hotel Reservations.

AS the first gathering of the kind
in the worlds history this event oc-
cupies the place of prime interest in
the entire program of international
events scheduled for the autumn and
winter. Not even the anticipated
visit of Belgiums king and queen, it
is felt, is of such Importance as this
first convocation of the council of
the five great powers that lead the
league of nations. That this feeling
is entertained by the people of the
Evening star., 1919-07-20

a mecca TOT SOLDIERS.
Gen. Diaz, commander chief un-
ian armies. also has expressed the pur-
pose of visiting the United States dur
ing the winter. IL possible. as have
Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig and
other high officers of the British.
French. Belgian. Italian and other al
lied armies and navies. Nothing def
mite is known SO far as to whether or
not these visits actually will be made
soon. or II they will be postponed un-
TIL indefinite later dates. - ..
The Washington herald., 1919-01-03
TREADWELL SURVIVES
PRISON OF BOLSHEVIKI
Consul Confined in Turkestan Since
October Cables He's Well.

Consul Treadwell, confined in Turk
estan by the Bolsheviki since the last
of October, wired the State Depart
ment yesterday that he is well. For
month and a half he was not allowed
any exercise. but is now given that
privilege.
Vodka, which was barred from Rus
sia early in the war. is again beine
made by the government, and Is sold
at six rubles a pint.
Returning Russian prisoners are be-
ing offered 800 rubles monthly with
food and clothing TO Join the Red
army, but few are doing so. accord
ing to department advices.
The prisoners say that the popu-
lar feeling in Russia is strongly
against Bolsheviki whose power, how
ever, is on the increase. The Bolshe-
Wiki are reported concentrating on the
Ukrainian front.
Typhus killed of 500 men day in
Russian prison camps IN Germany.
according to one prisoner. Three
quarters of a million died in prison
between 1915 and the time Of release.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-03
SCHOOL CRISIS
CAUSED BY FLU
One Out of Every Three
Children Absent Daily,
Is Report.

One out of every three children on
the roll call of the Washington
Public Schools was absent from
school yesterday, according to the
statement yesterday afternoon OF
Ernest l. Thurston, superintendent
of schools.
Not only is this large proportion
of pupils out of school," said Sup
erintendent Thurston, but the num-
Der is mounting. We are most seri-
ously handicapped in the school
work because, under present condi-
tions, the curriculum will have to
be repeated. Last year was an un-
satisfactory school year, but this
year is proving worse"
The superintendent regards the
Influenza epidemic as largely re-
sponsible for the high number of
absences. He also pointed out that
besides the usual run OF children's
diseases, colds and grip are wide
spread at the present time. Added
to this is the fact that parents,
seriously alarmed, are not permit
ting their children to take any
chances. Also this year there is a
rule that children with heavy colds
are not permitted to remain in
school
The teacher problem is regarded
by Superintendent Thurston as a
serious question. The absences ap-
proximate 200. 10 per cent of the
entire force, daily. Trained substi-
tutes cannot be obtained. in fact
the superintendent said that he Is
experiencing great difficulty in f1ll-
ing the permanent vacancies with
adequate teachers.
The Washington herald., 1919-01-03
All to PIease the Girls.

Ten minutes of foolishness cost
one paint firm in this city 1892 and
will probably land Sam Herndon in
Jail.
Sam worked for the paint con-
cern. 1t was his foolishness that
was so expensive.
On October 81 last, it being Hal
loween night, he borrowed" the
delivery truck belonging to his en-
ployer.
And so with the paint truck and a
load of girls, he started out to
paint the town a deep crimson.
According to the girls, who rode
with him, he drove so recklessly
that the buzz-wagon overturned.
dumped the girls out and skinned
their noses.
Policeman Brady hailed Sam as
he was driving like mad on NJ
street, and Sam told the cop to go
where it never rains on the night be-
fore New Year.
The car was so badly damaged
that it was sold for junk. The paint
firm had to she'll out for a new
wagon.
Since that time Sam has evaded
the police. and. according to Prose-
cutor Rice, he got hold of another
car lately and did the same thing
The grand jury will attend to his
case. .s...
The Washington herald., 1919-01-03
Southeast Washington
Personal NeUs Notes

High street southeast on Tuesday
evening, when games and dancing
were enjoyed. In the company were
Miss Bessie Gill. Miss May Harlan.
Miss Ellen Spencer, Miss Gladys
Cornish, Miss Grace Pyles, Bayne
Marbury, Robert Harland and AL
bert McCauley. connected with the
Philadelphia Navy Yard.
The police OF the Eleventh precinct
have been asked to keep on the look
out for one Carl Williams. a SOL
dier, Is years old. who escaped from
the Government Hospital for the In
sane, where he was a patient.
Mr.. and Mrs. William F. wenener
and family. of 2o9 Ninth street south
east, returned to their home yester-
day. following a visit through the
holiday season with relatives and
friends in Baltimore.
Rev. ]. Franklin Bryan. pastor of the
North Carolina Avenue NJ. P. Church,
will inaugurate a series Of evange-
listic services on Sunday night at the
church. and will preach special SER
mons during the series. His subject
Eternity" In the morning a special
communion service will be held.
David Waple. the s-year-old son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter waple, of 2l4
Fourth street southeast, died at the
home of his parents on Tuesday
Funeral services were held yesterday
afternoon from his fathers residence
Arthur Roamer, son OF James c.
Roamer, of 642 South Carolina avenue
southeast and formerly connected
with the firm of S. Kann Sons Com
pany. has returned to Fort OGle-
thorpe, Ga Just before departure
he was entertained at the home of
Mrs. James Mcpherson. 23iS High
street southeast.
Members Of the Allen NJ E. Church
in Good Hope southeast, gave an en-
tertainment last night in Odd Eel
lows Hall for the benefit of Mrs. H.
Washington, whose home was de-
stroyed by fire on the first of De-
cember. Mrs. Washington lost prac-
tically everything by fire.
Miss G. Adams, one of the school
teachers of the Garfield School, who
has been i'll, is much improved and
expects to resume her duties in the
near future.
Mrs. Ethel Young, wife of Rev. J.
A. Young, of Cambridge, Nd, is still
at the home of her sister-in-law. Mrs.
Lloyd. in Southeast, where she is still
suffering with the influenza.