The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-05-10

much of her India possessions to Eng
land. The latter also established her
supremacy on the seas.
Just 20 years later 1t was England's
fate to sign a treaty acknowledging the
Independence of her former American
colonies, and simultaneously to make
peace with France and Spain. The
negotiations which ended the Ameri-
can Revolution were under way for
months. Franklin, Jay, and John
Adams, as Americas plenipotentiaries,
signed the prelimlnaries Of peace or
August 30, 1882, but 1t was more than
a year later (September 8. 1881 that
the definite treaty was formally agreed
to at Versailles.
Treaty of Client.
At Amiens. on March 81. 1902. Eng
land signed a treaty with Spain.
France, and the Batavian republic,
(Netherlands), wherein the first Ma
poleonic successes were recognized
and accepted. Peace prelimlnaries
had been arranged Mt London nearly
six months before.
The Treaty Of Client, which closed
the second war of the United States
with England, required more than
four months for negotiations.
Another Treaty Of Paris had only a
few months before (May 30. 1910,
been signed by France with all the
allies, who had been fighting Bona
parte. BY 1t all the territorial advan-
tages won by Napoleon, were given
back. At the same time provision
was made for the calling at Vienna Of
a conference to settle the general af-
fairs of Europe, disorganized and dis
iracted by the long years of war.
The congress Of Vienna hui sum-
moned, was the most remarkable as
semblage of its kind the world had
yer seen. All of Europe, except Tur-
key, was represented by delegates, the
number Of those who assisted at the
gathering being over five hundred.
Opening on September 80, 1914, II
lasted until June 9, 1915. OF more than
eight months. Crowned heads, In
Guiding three emperors. were In at
tendance at various times. An ex-
traordinary round of festivities was
provided, and amid ii all the master
diplomats Of the epoch (Talleyrand,
Metternich and Castlereagh) played
their games of intrigue. The unprec-
edented decisions Of this congress
dominated the course of European
statesmen for 40 years.
The Crimean war (1S54-6) was con-
Guided by another Treaty of Paris,
which admitted the Porte to the Eu-
ropean concert and guaranteed the in
tegrity Of the Ottoman empire. The
document was signed March 80, 1866,
after nearly FIVE weeks Of negotia-
lions.
The Settlement OF 1871.
The Franco-P russian war was
brought to an end when preliminaries
of a peace treaty were agreed to at
Theirs on February %, 1871. The
formal treaty was taken up by a con-
ference at Brussels on March 2S.
Signature Of the compact was accom-
plished at Frankfort On May 10, the
negotiations thus lasting six weeks.
After Russia's overwhelming sue
cess In her wal against Turkey In
1S77-S, she enforced severe terms by
the Treaty Of San Stefano March 3,
1879. T%hereupon a congress Of the
powers was called at Berlin to settle
questions involved in what Austria
and Great Britain regarded as the un-
due ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Of the Petrograd
government. This gathering, which
included among Its delegates Sails
bury, Beaconsfield. Bismarck. and
Andrassy, met on June Is, and closed
its labors just one month later. The
treaty which was signed stripped
Russia OF a large share Of the fruits
of her victory.
Settlement of the Spanlsh-American
war in 1898 required negotiations that
lasted two months and nine days.
The first session OF the ENJOYS took
place I'm Paris on October !. In late
November there seemed to be danger
of a breaking Off Of the parley. but
Tue uiluCuity was ShuoOthcu OuI anu
the treaty was signed on December 10.
1t took 81 days for the Russian and
Japanese delegates to reach an agree
ment at Portsmouth, N. H., In 1899,
thus ending their comparatively brief
hut sanguinary war. They held their
first meeting on August 8. and peace
was signed on September 5.
First Hague Conference.
II was In this same year that the
first peace conference was held at
The Hague. At the instance of the
car Of Russia 81 European countries
and the United States. Mexico, China.
Japan, Persia and Siam sent repre-
sentatives to confer with regard to
concerted action to maintain general
peace. The first meeting of this con-
clave. which was hailed at the time
as a highly promising effort for the
Punishment Of war, was held on May
Is, 1893. Conclusions were reached
uud n Anal act aligned nm -Iu1v q the