Williams news., 1919-09-05

ment of Agriculture.)
 A large percentage of the wheat de uvered at the terminal markets for in terstate or foreign shipment is placed in the highest grades of the federal grain standards by grain inspectors licensed by the United States depart ment of agriculture. Duluth and Min neapolis are two of the largest termi- nal wheat markets in the country. Be tween January 15, 1918, when the re -vised federal grades became effective, and December 31, 1918, more than 4O,- 900 cars of hard red spring wheat were inspected at Duluth, of which nearly S5 per cent was placed in grade No. 1. At Minneapolis nearly 5O,OOO cars were inspected, of which more than 70 per cent was placed in grade No. 1.
 When a farmer sells his wheat to the local elevator, grade is placed upon 1t usually by the elevator man. ager and not by a licensed inspector of the federal government, because few such inspectors are located at country points. Unless the grain is ground at the local mill, 1t is finally shipped to a terminal market, where it is graded by a disinterested in- spector who is licensed by the secre- tary of agriculture. In deciding the grade the inspector uses the grades established by the United States de pertinent of agriculture, which are often referred to as the federal grades.
 Enforcing Grain Standards Act.
 In enforcing the grain standards act. the authority of the federal govern
 
 in interstate commerce-from one state to another-or to foreign countries. The department can not control the country buyer or elevator man, nor the miller who buys grain on the spot. for such transactions usually are not interstate. While these buyers may use federal grades, the grading is not under the Jurisdiction of the depart ment. If they do not assign the grades fairly and accurately, only the st2te officials can reach them. The licensed inspectors, however, are under the con- trol of the department. Such inspect ors are not allowed to continue to in- spect unless they are competent. If anyone is employed in an elevator or mill or has any connection with the buying or selling of grain he can not secure license to inspect grain. and if he does not do satisfactory work his license may be suspended or re- voked.
 Practically all the grain from Min nesota and North Dakota, and a large part of that from South Dakota, is eventually shipped to either Mime apolis or Duluth and it is there graded L. fhA | ception of durum, practically all of the wheat produced in the territory | mentioned is hard red spring. This | kind of wheat is divided into three | subclasses or divisions, according to the percentage of dark, hard and vitre- ous (finty) kernels. For bread-mak- | ing purposes it is generally believed | that four from wheat containing a | large percentage of the dark, hard | and fiinty kernels is superior because of it's stronger, more elastic. and more | abundant gluten. This is the charac- ter that has given the spring wheatS l of the Northwest and the hard winter wheats of certain sections of the | Southwest their enviable reputation in | the worlds market, and is responsible | for the almost universal premium millers are willing to pay for these | wheats in normal times.
 The subclasses for hard red spring wheat are: Dark northern spring, | containing 75 per cent or more dark. hard and flinty kernels, and not more than 10 per cent or less of humpback; northern spring, which contains less than 75 per cent and more than 20 per cent dark, hard and flinty kernels, and rot more than 10 per cent or less red spring, which contains 25 per cent or less dark. hard and dinty kernels, or more than ID per eent humpback.
 How Wheat Was Graded.
 Of the fl, I'll cars of hard red spring wheat received and inspected at Du- -xl s,-,.~ tho yost hoIf of 1913 IA