Smyrna times., 1919-12-17
FREEDOM CAN CONE
only THROUGH LAW
A Professor Of Law at Harvard Uni
versity Gives His Views
on Ratification


eral hundred years is the clockIke |
regularity with which at The begin
ming Of each century cataclysmic |
world wars have broken out and !
threatened the onward march OF civ
iHzation, in spite bf the contrary
desires Of the great mass Of The
worlds people At the beginning Of
/ the seventeenth century it was the
1 bloody Thirty Years War which de-
vastated Europe like a plague; at the
beginning Of the eighteenth century
fl was the long struggle between Louis |
! XIV and the Allied States Of Europe;
ut the beginning Of the nineteenth
If was the far-reaching Napoleonic
Wars which swept Europe like Il
consuming fire At the conclusion of
every one Of these wracking wars
he stale men OF an exhausted
Europe, sincerely anuous 10 guar
antee and secure the uture peace
Of the world. concluded epoch-maEine
treaties. by which Che map of Europa
was substantially renade in the full
belief that the formula had at laet
been found for a pormaaat and en-
during peace. Yet each peace proved
as transit0rv as the one which pro
cded it; and st the beginning Of
the twentieth century We have found
! ourselves once again Tlu eol oat
AGAINST the Wishes of the great
minority of mankind, into ca.a-
c're~te struggle, tecalIiae aI Tire
of the 0hiF-y Years 81
I.c centuries ra
Cause and eG ar ohar-o...
eternal, can saF one who reads
v truly d.ut but tin,
corcludc a peace today, uo different
r. substance or structure from .ha
eaoa of Munster Of 16f8. Tho Tr a.y
Utrecht OF 1919 or The Treaty 0f
r.a0~a If 1915. # win be only
,-tioa Of time tJ Wa are once
H4uifed in I'm even more ter-
-''a world war than that throu9I
ve have just passed. II .he
Iaatv OF 1919 does no moro than
ta rearrange bour laries and impose
Ddemnities. if it allows The contin-
uation of the old international law
leesness. and fails to organize inter-
rational society into an ordered
community of states. there can be
no mistaking the fact that all the
ag0ny of the past four years will
r.v- been largely in vain; for as
surely as night follows day, within
. measurable period of time we
shall have to face the same agony
G~air
International lawlessness may have
suited we'll enough at time when
statas were in fact self-suficing and
insulated units. But that time has
passed. Whether we like it or no,
iHternationalism has come in fact
Since the Industrial Revolution some
great nations have transformed
themselves from agricultural into
great Industrial communities; the
worry existence of these nations de-
pends upon the uninterrupted inter
national exchange of their manu-
| factured goods for raw products and
| fOOdstufss If England were cut off
from international intercourse today
she would starve inside of a few
months. Morally and psychology
cally, no less than economically, ma
| tions have ceased to be isolated
units. The national Prussian theory
! of the State, and the Prussian belief
! that might is a force of more prac-
tical value than right, has borne it's
! f,,,i4oro IN, -.
Of homes all around the world. The
| Bolshevism of Russia is the vital
concern of America on the opposite
hemisphere. Dependency and inter-
play of nation upon nation consti-
tutes an actual internatiOnalism that
will not be denied: and if we will
| have our law accord with the exist
ing facts which have temporarily out
! 6istanced it, we must develop in our
law as real an intenationalism.
Otherwise, our international law
viii be and can be only futile theory,
with 10 power to control actual con
duct; for no law which is out Of
accord with existing facts can prove
q real factor in human development
If therefore there is to be such a
thing in the future as International
law, there must be some legal organ
izatiOn Of international society; in
some form or other there must be a
League of Nations.
Paradoxical as it may seem, free
dom can come only through law.
The absolute individual freedom
which the anarchist dreams of in a
society without government is in fact
logical impOssibslity; because the
removal of all restraint by the social
organization could only mean that the
liberty of each would be put at the
mercy of every other individual who
cared to rob, or plunder or wreck
another's home. It is only by curb
ing the anti-social and criminal i'm
pulses of all that each member of
the community can attain that secur-
) ity and freedom from intolerable in
reference which makes possible free
dom of action and liberty of life.
This self-evident principle is