davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-04-28
Italy to Decide.
BY United Press.

Rome, April 2S.-The Italian par
lament has been summoned to meet
at , O'Clock tomorrow afternoon
Italys future course depends en-
tirely upon the action taken after
Premier Orlando's presentation Of
the program followed by the peace
conference.
A resolution of confidence from
the ministry is understood to have
been prepared for presentation after
Orlando's report
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-04-28
TAFT FOR GOOD
ROAD MOVEMENT

Continued from page one)
of leaving At this time | can only
thank the people for their patron
age in past and trust that they will
favor Mr.. Hallum, the new owner
with their business, which am sure
he merits"
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1919-04-28
ATTENTION KNIGHTS TEMPLER.

There will be ? special conclave
held tonight, following a meeting Of
the Royal Arch Chapter. There will
be work in the Red Cross
c. R. KIMBRO, Recorder.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-20

is any record in New York, those of be-
fore the civil war and for ten to thirty
years afterward, were dominated by
the Irish. Then came the gangs in
which the Italians We're the dominant
race, and finally came the time when
the gangs were controlled and led by
Jews. Most OF the gangs of the early
part of the present century were COM
posed of Jews, with a smattering OF
Irish and Italians. although OF
late years the Italians have shown
a tendency to cling together and
have gangs of their own, princi-
pally in Harlem's Little Italy.
This is all true in spite OF the
fact that in all the periods the gang
sters bore principally Irish names. But
the records will show that a great
many of these tTrashmen% when. thax
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-20

murder. They became past masters in
the art of manning an enemy by such
gentle methods as gouging out an eye
or biting off an ear or doing all man
ner of things to his anatomy. But
still they let the general public pretty
much alone and confined their mean
ress for the most part to rival gangs.
The gangs in which the Italian ele-
ment predominated. which came later.
introduced the knife into gangland and
1t soon became the most popular
weapon. They used the pistol also.
ard later these weapons became so
well liked and possessed such obvious
advantages. that the Ratchet men of
the Chinese tongs abandoned their
ancient implements of killing and used
the tools or the white devils"
Tun aGhdnaSS, Hl1IAUa aaInr. lntvoA,,..A
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-20
By HERBERT ASBURY.

THE gangs and gangsters who
fourished in varying degrees
in New York city for almost a
century, reaching the height Of their
power and strength in the palmy days
of the Bowery and Chinatown and dur
ing the rule of the crooked politician.
constituted an interesting and a SIMS
ter phase of city life, largely because
they and the conditions which were re-
sponsible for their being were funda-
mentally preventable
Essentially creatures of circum-
stance and the logical outgrowth of the
conditions and influences with which
they were surrounded, the gangsters
all through the history of New York
have kept pace with their environ
ment. AS the dives and resorts. were
allowed to increase in numbers and
in depravity, so did the gangs and the
power Of the gangsters multiply and
grow; and as the moral crusades Of
the early part of the present century
succeeded in closing the dives, and as
politics became little less crooked,
the gangs dwindled in membership
and in criminal activity. At the close
of Arthur Woods's administration as
Police Commissioner. with practically
no open dives and with the city In bet
ter condition morally than II ever had
been, New York was almost gangless;
or at any rate there were no gangs in
any way comparable to the bands Of
plunderers and cutthroats that ruled
the lower East Side from 1900 to 1913
or 1914.
Gansster's Courage a Myth.
Much has been written about gangs
during the last twenty five years, and
in a great deal Of 1t the gangster has
been held up as a brave and skilful
plunderer and murderer, spectacular
and crafty. But police officials who
know the gangsters say there was
nothing brave or spectacular about the
gangster. Crafty he was, to be sure,
and a long practice in picking pockets,
or robbing drunken men, or blowing
safes. or using knives and revolvers
had made him skilful. But he was
really anything but brave, When he
killed. nine times out Of ten 1t was
from the shadow of dark doorway, or
he slipped up behind his victim and
knocked him out with a blackjack or a
piece OF lead pipe. He killed from be-
hind. He plundered, but usually he
plundered those who could not afford
to complain to the police because they
themselves were crooked. and those
who knew that 1t was OF no use to
complain, because the police were con-
troled by the crooked politician, and
the politician had election day uses for
the gangster.
There are very few instances where
sangsters have stood toe to toe with
their victims and killed them in fair
combat, except, perhaps, in the old
days when the only weapons used by
the gangsters were fists and clubs and
brick bats. With few exceptions the
police have always lsen able to worst
them in fights. Ther> have been few
gangsters with sufficie1. nerve to face
a cops nightstick. The way the
gangster fought was to hide in the
darkness of a doorway and when his
enemy passed stick him in the back
with a dirk. or else pump a few bull
let's into him and then run.
The gangsters OF the sort that ruled
ths-c old Nowerz ana chinatown end
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-20

sickly. whining and wneedling. but
bad man with a gun-so long as he
could shoot from the cover of a door
way. 1t has been estimated by the
police that the average gangster is
not more than five feet and four inches
in height and 1870 pounds or so in
weight. In many instances the gang
ster became criminal simply because
lie had nothing better TO DO. This is
proved by the fact that the establish
ment OF clubs and community houses
and places of that sort in a gang terri
tory has almost always resulted in a
clean up of the district so far as gangs
are concerned.
Roughly, the gangs of New York
may be divided into three periods,
those Of the Irish. the italian and the
low I,he- nrat- Eange a Nhioh. thara,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-20

else to do loafed on the street corners,
rushed the can for beer and fought at
the drop OF hat, They were in evil
dence principally around election time,
when they voted dozen times each
and then did strong arm work at the
polls for the politician who had them
Under his wing and gave them protec-
ton. Most OF their fights were among
themselves and with the police. and in
those days the gangsters would stand
up and fight regardless OF the cops
nightstick. Their principal weapons
were clubs and fists and brickbats,
But the gangs that followed these
old time bands introduced a little more
refinement and a little more depravity
into their work. They began to use
the pistol bit and they could be hired
e., aatNls xnhsx, Il 49,. A..
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-20
Price Lists for Kill
ing and Manning
Show How Cheap,
Human Life Was
Held by Notori-
Gus Law Breakers

in tong circles such up to date
methods as turning on the gas while
their victims were deep in the pleas
ures Of an opium sleep. That was
the way the killers of the Hip Sing
Tong got rid Of big Mike" Abrams.
noted gangster and opium fiend,
whose great delight it was to beat up
Cinnamon. The Italian gangs OF to-
Gay are more or less quiescent. al
though there are still plenty of them
up in Little Italy and in Mulberry
Bend.
The gangs that terrorized the Bow
cry and Chinatown for almost fifteen
years and won many a notable cleo
ton victory and whose decline started
when the Committee OF Fourteen be-
gan closing the dives in the neighbor-
hood Of Chatham Square were led by
Jews and Irishmen. These gangs used
the pistol and the knife, one as we'll
as the other, and besides that they
sluGged with black jacks and leadpipe,
they gouged out eyes. they cut threats
and they used poison and gas. There
Is even one instance where a gangster,
wishing TO rid the earth of a rival,
accomplished his purpose by introduc-
ing live and poisonous snake into
the rivals bed, although where tbs
gangster got the snake the record.
say not.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-20
N8xSyzSzZy1xzSxzSy&NSssZ
DIG JACK ~
ZELiG, KILLED
WHILE q GANG LEADERS

kept alive the dives there used every
means of getting a livelihood that
could be conjured up by a perverted
brain. When stuss and poker and
other gambling games were running
wide open on the East Side 1t was
their favorite pastime to hold up the
owners of the game. They. levied
blackmail on the merchants and
pedlers OF their territory, they held
up and robbed the dives and saloons
owned by members of opposing gangs
they were pickpockets, footpads, loft
workers and a great many OF them
were that lowest of all thieves, the
ush-worker"-a man who lays in
wait for drunken men and robs them.
Many Of them were Fagins. that is,
they trained boys to pick pockets, and
some years ago, at the height OF the
gangster's power, the police estimated
that no fewer than hundred men in
New York had from twenty to thirty
boys picking pockets for them and
turning over the proceeds of the rob-
berries.
Many Modern Fagins.
And an excellent idea of the manner
of men the gangsters were may be
gained from the fact that at least 80
per cent. OF them lived largely on the
earnings of women of the streets,
There were few gangsters who did
not have at least one woman walking
the streets for them. Some of these
women were pickpockets and shop
filters, also, and such was their men,
tai peculiarities that the woman rare
ly failed to hand over to her man, her
gangster, the proceeds of every rob-
berry she committed-provided he beat
her often enough.
Police records, and the newspaper
stories of the gangsters and the gang
fights show that great many of the
murders among the gangs were over
women-usually occurring when a
woman tired of some particular
gangster and cast her lot with an
other. Such noted gangsters as
Spanish Louis" Crazy Butch" one
of the most famous of the Fagins of
his time. and Bill Harrington. owed
their deaths primarily to their women.
What the police thought of the
gangsters is we'll summed up In
statement made back In 1912 by
George S. Dougherty. when he was
Deputy Commissioner of Police.
THE gangsters." he said, "are the
vilest and meanest criminals We have
to deal with. They are vicious, cow
ardly and repulsive creatures, who rob
the poor, levy tribute on the gamblers
and rob the unfortunate women of the
streets. They are disgusting lot"
Vet there have heen "A few of them
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-20
Cowardice Matches
V1c1ousness in
Criminals Whose
BlackDeedsStand
Out in Under
world History

This is the first of a series of
three articles in which the full
history of the gangs and gang
sters of New York, from the
earliest days, will for the first
time be told. In the next article
will be some extremely interest
ing facts about the great power
welded by these organizations in
the last century and some of the
great gang fights that waged for
days.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-20

nv PFtce List,
But the plundering methods Of the
gangs have ever been the same. They
lived OF crooked politics, receiving
money for voting q score and more
times and for using strong arm meth
DDS TO keep decent citizens from yot-
ing, They would do any sort OF
criminal Job for hire. Murder was
cheap and manning was cheaper. 1t
was possible to get a man killed for
ten dollars. although if the prospective
victim were prominent enough 10
make it likely that there would be anv
activity by the police the price ran as
high as 500 and on rare occasions
$500. Some years ago the police had a
price list supposed to be in the hand
writing Of "Piker" Ryan, a noted gang
tighter and killer who flourished about
1900 or thereabout. This list had this
schedule of prices for killings and
maimings
PunChing-s2
Both eyes blacked-S4
Nose and jaw bust-$lO.
lacked out (knocked out with 4
blaCljaCk)-$15.
Ear Chawed off-$lb
Leg or arm broke-sI9
Shot in leg-s25
Stab wound-$25.
Doing the big job-SlOO up.
That is exactly the way IL wa,
written in Piker Ryan's notebook, and
later on IT has been said that he added
another item, that of $40 for the gouF.
ing out Of an eye
Cost OF Murder Falls.
But in 1912 murder was a bill
cheaper In that year the police cap.
tured a gangster who gave them what
he said was Il schedule of prices that
his gang charged for doing various
things like manning and killing Tht
Is II:
Slash on cheek 81 10 $40
Shot in leg-Sl to $2J
Shot in arms 10 $40
Throwing a homh-S5 to $50
Murder-SlO TO 800
1t was in the year 1918 OF ther.I
abouts that gangStcr known as
YOsEe Niger whose real name wat
Joseph Toplinsly conceived the idex
OF poisoning horses. He organized II
gang and made tremendous profits hI
hiring out TO various truckmen aut
others TO poison the horses of theif
rivals. In time there came to be thre&
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1919-07-20

ooAfsaDad on -TAtYd Pa0s{
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-04-30
ADJUSTMENTS
tn. Con I. Kaunsay Shows.

NNS lSN u hSF1lSSt SHOWS
Neokuk Amusement seekers viii
find much thai lis new, both in class
md character Of shows, the manner
OF presenting them and In the gen
eral arrangement OF The midway
when the famous Con T. Kennedy
shows open q Six Gay engagement in
this city beginning Monday, MAY 3
A carnival r~sralation" is promised
for the SIX Afternoons and evenings
by Mr.. Kennedy.
M kHnnaayNs Q in .
amusement business is q resnft Of
thlngs. Give the peaple some
hing new and more than thet1
moneys worth are The policies
ghych have rause5 The Kennedy
shows 10 become Nationally known
and appreciated wherever they hive
been exhibited,
More than 8 sc3re Of high class
shows. riding dsy3ces and other faa-
tu--as constitute The Kennedy organi-
zs15on. Sensational, oriental mag
nlAcauca, features from The orient
and occidsnt. instruction. entertain
rant. rslusfl. myriad bright lights
bevIldertnr eolarful -paaorAIIss, every
innovation that woRld serve TO r1sars
q period OF wholesome recreation has
been enlisted this season under the
kennedy banner Come Out and help
the Keol,ak Community bKDd under
whose auspices The shows are sx
AfbitanE in KeGKuk-
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-04-30
Two mure aks lLsases of Absence
for q Year 70 Attanu Srnuul, and
New TEACHERS A.rs Gnnssn
10 FIJI Nacanries.
MCCLURE BACK
AL rms Teachers ast Material Gu-
anuss in Salaries in Acrnru-
ancs with 4ne Universal
Custom This Wear.

Al tine annual election of teachers
ny the school huard last evening III
increase nf a12.b0 per month was
granted II tbs grade teachers in al.
ditiun I'D The increases which they
recstved Rs IFS provided fpr IN the
SALARY schedule. This latEer is deter
mined fy The length Of their Bervice.
In the high school increases averaging
about s1gD d ysgr Ter mads.
designations were accepted from
w. T.. TURNER. ~supervisur Df physical
training Mrs. Hslan g. Naumann,
special teacher in domestic science
Miss HE2el Acfsrs1n. Resistant
Iaachar OF domestic science; NILES
Nina Heck, of the high school faculty,
and Miss Nellie FarriE And Miss
M urial Ftaulk, buth grade teachers.
MISS Maggie Linn and Miss Edith
were given leaves Of absence
for IA wear To aLtHnd schnDl.
Sergeant Hugh n. Mcclure, who
il nov in France. was alsCtad TO the
positinn of supervisor of manual
training and Will be assisted by r..
l.. Wilson, VIII lis nov acting super
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-04-30
EMPLOYMENT =
SUNDAY
Move ny Catholic War Council 10 See
That Every Idle Fighter is
Able 10 Get d Good
Jpa.

WASHINGTON, April 90 TO
reach millions Of men who can give
tor get jpps for unemployed fighters,
i~alevan thousand priests in sill the
Catholic parishes IN this country
were today asked To pfead for such
activities On 'Dmpluymant Sunday,
MAY 9TH. by leaders OF THE national
Catholic war council fron Lhetf head
quarters he3re. Following out the
plans of the T. s. employment sarV-
ice for & special religious drive to
ward unemployment on this Sunday
lFor which President Wilson has gust
cnbled 81 STRONG appeal, the bishops
Of every diocese are being requested
TO instruct that every parish oonsre-
CATION be urged TO devote Its ener
gjas 10 personal activity and fnfu-
ance on behalf Of AL the unemployed
men from service in IT'S community.
Co.nparatine uDaaT The y. 3. em-
nlormsnl service with the oreaDi5R-
lions OF every other creed TO place
religion squarsly behind this national
past-var task, b national Catholic
war council is organizing every
parrish and social force throughout
its church provinces to back THE re
.ligious campaign to remedy unem-
..play7nant conditions, That win be
OPENED on the coming Employment
Sunday" Already, diocesan n par
ish committees are being formed in
All sections Of the country to take NJ
the work of helping to find the best
sob For the fighter and tbs best
fighter FOR 1he Job, With the whole
national organization Of the knights
OF Columbus enlisted in this work
ana the Catholic press urging IT'S
renders 10 back IL, il is expected that
the fan force of the Catholic church
viii soon be eTtr1ed FOR The benefit
OF the men who are leaving service
look for work.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-04-30
RUBES
GO TO NAUNOO
They ARE Fined Esseiis For Their
ASnions. Bun On~fnr1unAssiy
Their Marnes Are MOI
Given Out.

The following is 1old by b Sar-
WOO Rustlar Of Tuesday:
"wednesday afternoon four young
spcrrs from KsaEuk, bound fur what
they evidently though was 81 good
time. paid NauHnp a visit, mi with
ME suupusttion In their minds that
citizens OF small communities are al
1gnoss, they proceeded 10 Try and get
AWAY with What We know was moi
CITY stuff, bur On the contrary IN
exhibition thai WAS disgusting an
everyone. NOT satisfied IN riding
ur and down the sTrests Ringing ana
making q lot OF unnecessarily noise,
they pulled III with D passing funeral
rIrg,csssiou and EaIT on with the
SINGING and with m ocGRsionhl re-
mark That WIS audRDls 81 quite e
distance.
The quartet then left the CITY, hui
previous 10 their departure InatT III
cgrlss number YVES taken and later
rurr1aa over To C5y Marshal Johnson
The gar returned in b evening. this
time with 3usr TWO OF THE lads, who
were accompanied Ay B couple OF
yoTIuc girls. Marshal Johnson lmTnt~
MEtely nahbed them &na took them
before PoIics Magistrate l.. L.. t5nd-
son, who fined them M.9b apiece.
t'The above ssCspsds YVES moi the
resi- LII of Intoxicating liquors, out an
csprurrsnoH that Z good many corn-
muuitias have 10 put III with by q
few ignorant people who Trg 10 be
Little everyone ana everything when
They make these places q visit"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-04-30
WAS GASSED
AND WOUNDED
-. J. friedman nna His Mife Are SO
upfrec After RE mas interest
ing Experiences as
q Spldinr.

=. u Friedman lis back after in
tcrasIing Rnd painful sxpsrisnres ns
a soldier in France, and he gnd his
Wife, who vas Miss TreHsR Druella
are visiting Mrs. Friedman's parents
and Mrs. John Drueks, OF the Bel
nsont community.
taoedman's home is in Chicasn, and
be was married two yeRrs ago just
Nefore the entrance ofAmsriuR into the
World war, lie spent over q year in
The army in France, WIS gassad and
was wounded with shrapnel in hoth
the face and the back. Mrs. Friedman
lived with her parents while he was
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-04-30
BENEDICTS AND
BACHELOR MEN
They Drba1e che Differences in the
Cost of Living az rhs First
Baptist Church Last
Evening.

Can q married man u q single
man save the most moneys
That lis the question that bo-h OF
the above named classes tried to ne
eide last night Ht a debate between
the two varieties Of msl, namely,
married men AND free citizens, when
they debated question, Resolved,
that a married man nan save nor
money than q single can
The question alTnpsI resolved Itself
inIp whether or mt ii is cheaper 10
buy American beauties, powders, per
fumes, chocolates, sodas n ices,
and even rExis and bsnZine pusgias,
than lDesfsgsai1, eggs, flour n cnal.
to say nothing u S25 hats and vs1ri-
GUS other articles OF feminine wear,
ing apparel.
The married man Declared 1t to be
IN utter ~impossi6ilitf TO retain the
favD- of q member Df the fair e
prior 10 the wedding day without
lavish contributions OF the af0ramen-
toned luxuries. The single men
ceunter,ed with the statement that
whereas before the fataful day they
Sent nov and then Some ARTICLES Of
IIILlluS fAlFiESf cbSn bf Ilit aBEFrss
after the bargain was mats End
saalsd 1t wa quite the custom and
somewhat essential 10 send home
regularly q pound or SO Of steak.
End u dozen eggs, not 10 mention q
few TONS OF coal and a barrel or TWO
nF flour occasionally.
Tn tbs statement of the married
men that their mothHrsiI-law keep
them IN socks, and thatr wives In.
ties, the gay Lo1harios replied Jhat
some mpthers+in-lay might, III some
wives IN, but they don't average I'D
very well, and besides, mo man ever
wears q ne his wife gives him sxcel1
Lhs dark.
AS the argument waIed warmer
and there appeared 10 he need of
some beurer evidence from the bane-
diets 10 support thatr contention,
they introduced Liberty bonds.
one benedict, who works IN q
bank, and therefore ought TO know,
made tbs statement that nearly ali
Liberty honds have been bought by
married men. In Jbstr answering
arguments the unmarried men main
tanned either 3 thouEhtlsss or q dis
Greet silence concerning this 1mpor
AM matter.
When the benedicts Argnad that
they were able to take advantage OF
fire sales and rITTumaee sales TO bny
themselves 8 new sIIi1 or then wife
a NEW hat, they struck q body blow,
for their less Fortunate brothers had
1o admit that that was 8 decided Rd-I
vantage which they hadn't taken
consideration; and they had To
1an the truth OF the statement, be-
Gause they knew nothing 70 the con
trE-.y.
The Judges, who were women,
failed TO agree on & verdict Since
there vas uo1 IN their acquaintance
q man either married OF single. who
was able TO offer anything but cir
cunstantial evidence that he had
sawed any money, they decided that
both sides were arguing For What was
Now they both wan to know how
TuaH Ell Save money, whether he
be married on single.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1919-04-30
Business Man
Sings Praises

u suffered for years with stomach
trouble Aad gas continually. Doctors
thought / had stomach ulcers OF cAn-
Ger After last attack they advised
going TO Rochester, Mimi, for an
0-zsers15on- 4 friend advised trying
Msyr's Wonderful Remedy, which I
did, and ] can not sing its praises
TOO highly, as ! can now eat anything
and everything. 1t is 3 simple,
harmless preparation that removes
the catarrhal mucus from the mites
final tract and zllays the infiamms-
ton which causes practically all
stomach. liver and intestinal all
nen1s. including appendicitis One
dose will convince or money re-
funded Wilkinson & Co, and drug
rists everywhere