davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937, 1919-11-14
New Fertilizer Theory

Belgians Want Suffrage
| Automobile Statistics
Aims of the Miners
Lady Astor's Campaign
The Farm Journal of Phiia-
delphia is publishing a series of
articles on commercial fertili-
zation which promise to revolu-
tionize ideas on that. subject.
At least w. J. Spillman, recent
ly of the bureau Of farm man.
agement and now editor Of this
papers, thinks so.
A. B. Ross, the writer of the
articles, points out that for ov-
er so years agricultural chem
lists have been Analysing soils to
find out what the soil needs. Lie
big, the German expert, started
the deficient soil" theory in
1912 and practically all our ex-
perts have chung to it since as
it were scripture. Ross, on the
other hand, declares that the
thing to do is not to find out
what the soil needs but what
the plants need.
Plants take much of their
substance from the air and not
from the soil. Prominent among
these is nitrogen, according to
Ross, and the adding of nitrate
to soils not only does no good
but actually reduces Yields over
the crop-rotation period. Ross
also takes a fall out of the
triple and quadruple demand
for potash. If he is correct this
loss must be added to the loss
of purchasing material of no
value.
The articles stand the whole
fertilization situation on it's
head and farmers using COM
mercial fertilizer should follow
the outcome of the debate
among the experts which is like
ly to develop.
Three weeks ago the United
Farmers and the organized
workers of the province of On
tario delighted fundamental
democrats everywhere by cap
turing a majority Of the seats
in the provincial parliament.
Now Canada gives us another
agreeable surprise. The coun-
try has just held seven special
elections for the Dominion par
| lament and the farmers cap
tured three of them. The farm
ers went after three; so their
batting average IS just 1000.
One of the farmer victories
was in Assiniboia, another u:
! Ontario, ard I. third in New
Brunswick, from which we
might we'll suI,a'se that the
movement IL" independent poll
tics is widespread in Canada.
The party now in power won
only two of the seven seats and
the Liberal won two. In british
Columbia the organized work
ers came near 20 taking one of
the Conservative seats. An
eighth election postponed be-
cause of the death of one of the
candidates, is already conceded
to the farmers.
In all the contests in which
independents participated The
two old parties combined on one
candidate in the hope of dis
couraging independent politics.
In Assiniboia the Liberals
picked out the strongest farm
er politician the7 :culd fna, I,
man VINO he'd once been a Lead
er of the organized farmers.
and with a program pretended
to meet the farmer issues. But
he lost to the farmer candidate
by a vote of l 70 ).
! While King Albert was being
entertained here as about the
most democratic king left in the
world, his subjects in Belgium
were beginning a new campaign
for manhood suffrage. For Bel
GUM happens to be one of those
democratic kingdoms where
many workers can not vote and
where some men have more
votes than others who do vote.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
Germans Not Wanted
Legislation Urged to Stop Immi-
grafton During Reconstruc-
ton Period After War.

Washington, Jan. 23.-Thousands
of Germans who fought against
America are anxiously waiting for the
peace treaty-to be signed to emigrate
to the United States, the house i'm
migration committee was told today
by Representative Johnson Of South
Dakota, a lieutenant in the infantry
overseas during the war, speaking in
favor of legislation stopping immi-
grafton during the reconstruction pc
riod. Afr. Johnson said he spoke with
numerous German prisoners and that
invariably they stated they intended
to come to America as soon as the
war was over, not taking into consid-
GRAFTON the fact that they might not
be wanted.
''They did not want to return to
their country and they realized that
England, France or Italy would not
tolerate them" Mr. Johnson said.
e.The question is, shall this country
tolerate them?. American soldiers in
France are unanimously of the opin-
ion that it should not"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
Half Billion Fund Exhausted
and Congress Asked for
Three-quarter Billion
More.
MOST OF MONEY IN
NEW EQUIPMENT
There Has Been Loss on Opera
ton of Railroads But Govern
ment is Paying Heavily for
Franks Of High Finance.

Washington, jan 24-The railroad
administrations needs 5O,00O, COZ
more for it's revolving fund to supple
NEXT the s5O0,000,000 originally pro-
vided and now practically exhaust
ed. In preparing this estimate for
congress today, Director General
Hines explained that $196, 100000 OF
this sum represents loss to the gov
ern,nent, incurred in operations last
year. and the remainder represents
advances to railroad companies, to-
be repaid eventually with interest.
Congress will be asked immediate
ly to appropriate this amount, when
Mr.. Hines declared would be neces-
sary. regardless of whether the rail-
roads were returned 10 private man
agement within a few months or re-
;tained longer.
The director general estimated that
S36S,193,000 would be required this
year to finance capital enterprises
such as Improvements and purchase
Of cars and locomotives, which rail-
road companies are not able to I'm
ance without borrowing from the gov
ernment. This figure also includes
S12,S4O,00 for contemplated expen-
ditures on inland waterways and $20s-s
900, 900 to finance a reorganization or
the Boston and Maine.
Fer 1913 the demands accurnulat-
eG against the revolving funds lnciud-@
ed: Additions and betterments fn-
anccd by the government, S290,918.T-
900: cash on hand employed as work
ing capital, for which railroad COM
uanies must be credited now, and
charged when government control
ENDS. s247,100,000; other working
capital IN the shape Of conductors
and agents balances, loans made TO
con, Danies with materials and sup
plie1 as collateral, less current Habit
ties on these accounts, S9,952,99e;;s
loan to New York, New Haven and
Hartford involving a reorganization.
of finances, S51 .475, 900; advances FOR
in!ard waterways, all but about $500
900 representing investment in boats
and other property, s4,361, 900. These
items total $685. ,000. This sum, to-
gether with the s196,000 900 loss To-
the government on account Of the diff
ferences between operating income
and returns guaranteed the roads
make $S81,806, 200, for which the;
government would be liable Oh ac-
count of 1913 operations when all
railroad accounts for the year are
settled. The addition Of $s6S, 1913 600
estimated requirements. for 1919
makes $3.50, 100000 estimate drain
on the revolving fund for both 1913
and 1919, and with allowance for the
$500. 100000 already appropriated.
the new needs are computed at $e60s--Ss
100000 The director general re-:
fers to this as a minimum require
nent and all figures are subject to slaS-
ter revision.
This report also shows that the
present revolving fund IS 1881, 100000
too little, to settle on all accounts for
1918.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
HUNS MUST PAY
BIG INDEMNlTlES
Germany Will Be Required to
Pay Indemnity in Addition
to Cost of Reparation.
PRESIDENT WILSON is
SAID TO HAVE AGREED
Council Takes Up Dis
cussion of Conscription and
Disarmament.

Paris, Jan. 24.-During the consid-
Grafton of the question Of reparatlon
at the meeting of the supreme coun-
ell yesterdav the Paris edition Of the
London Daily aIail says President Wil-
son agreed to, the principle that Ger
many must be made to pay lndemnl-
ties in addition to the full cost repa>
ration. At the instance of the Brit
ish Representatives, the paper adds,
discussion was also begun on the
question of the abolition Of conscrlp-
ton and general disarmament
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29

UNJUST CONDITION I'M
POSED AS WAR MEASURE
japan VIII Be Forced to Show
Her Hand and Prove That She
Means to Deal Fairly With

washington, Jan. % (By the Asso-
ciated Press).-Revision of the
Chino-Japanese treaties Of 1915,
signed after the presentation by ia
nan OF her 21 de:11an.::, will be asked
- the peace conference b. the
e.;,:nese delegation, according to an
official statement issued here to-
night by. the China agency.
THE Chinese people" said the
statement. assert that the Chino
.5apanese treaties Of 1915 are in prin-
ciple as much war settlement de-
manding revision by the peace con-
ference as the treaties OF Brest LII
ovsk and Of Bucharest.
Like these latter settlements the
treaty contain meas
ure and conditions demanding one OF
the belligerent parties to quote the
sentence of Japan's ultimatum (May
7. 1915) under whose duress and CO.
ercion China was forced to sign the
documents to adjust matters to mee'
the new situation created by the war
between Japan and Germany
THE parallel between the two sets
of war transactions runs in other dl-
rections. One more may be cited. Like
the acts Of Brest Litovsk and OF
Bucharest, the Chino-Japanese trea-
ties impose on a state, since assocl-
ated with America and the allles
against the central powers, eXactlons
which are wholly inconsistent with
the free and unfettered development
Of China as a modern independent na-
ton.
Further besides striking at the
root on the independence and terri
torial, integrity of China as defined
and affirmed in the great series OF
convention between the great powers
the Chino japanese treaties also vio'
late the American doctrine OF the
open door in China. And it was fol
this and other reasons that the Amer
lean government followed the conclu'
sion Of the treaties with a forrna
protest, notifying Japan that the
United States would not be found b!
the provisions Of the same.
Commenting on the declaration Of
Japan's attitude towards China made
by viscount Uchida, the japanese
minister for foreign : 'eairs, in his ad.
dress tc parliament last Tuesday, the
statement said that whetl ,r Viscoun'
Uchida, was speaking with "a VIII
sonian accent would be tested by the
japanese attitude toward the demand
of China at the peace conference.
THE statement to be accorded by
Japan to this Chinese claim" said the
statement. will be in truth the "acio
test" Of the anxiety mentioned in Wis
count Uchida's speech to deal in
spirit of justice and friendliness with
all questions which may come up be-
fore the peace conference affecting
Chinese interests
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
The Cotton Market
Is DemOralized
Sensational Break in Prices Of
Full Two Hundred Points.

New York, Jan. 23-There was a
renewal of general selling in the cot
ton market today and a further SEN
sational break in prices, with Marcn
contracts selling off from 1856 to
21.56, making the full 200 point fiuc-
tration permitted for any one day un-
der prevailing regulations. CLOSING
prices were at approximately the low
est point of the day with the tone
weak at a net loss Of 120 to 1876
points.
The market opened steady at an
advance of points to a decline of 5
points on fairly steady cables, Liver
pool buying orders and little scat
tered demand which had been at
tracted by yesterdays report of an
increasing trade interest. These or
ders were quickly supplied, however.
and the market became very weak
under more or less general offerings.
Reports Of unsettled labor conditions
at home and abroad and ursatisfac-
tory trade situation appeared to in
crease the confidence Of sellers and
stop OrOerS were uncovered Oh SctlIe
down. There We're spurts of covering
and continued Slight rallies from time
to time during the day but otherwise
there appeared to be very little de-
mand and the lowest levels were
reached just before the close with
January selling at 22.67 and May ct
2040 and with old crop months gem
orally showing net losses Of 115 to 1876
points, while October sold st 1S.2o'
or 120 points net lower
Reports Of threatening labor trou-
'les in England were mentioned IN
with bcariSh sentiment 10
cally. but Liverpool was a prominent
buyer here which some thought might
be due to an improved trade III Man
chester AppreEensions Of labor trou-
blcs in domestic mills circles grow
ing out Of the eight hour day agi-
.ation were considered 4 factor on the
decline
The census report showing 1l.o3 l.
S45 bales ginned to January lo
against 10.57O.733 last year was not
considered a factor.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
Government Operation
Very Unpopular
That Is What Railroad Man
Tells Congressional Com
mittee.

Washington. Jan. 24.-The with
dlawal Immediately by congress OF
the arbitrary powers possessed by the
president TO fix freight rates was ask
cd today by Clifford Thorne. repre-
senting various hippers, before the
senate interstate commerce commits
sion. MIR Thorne told the commits
sion that the government operation
Of railroads was distasteful to ship
perS. and if q popular vote was taken
it would be defeated overwhclmingly.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
Good Roads Petition
People From All Sections OF
State Call on Legislature
for Action.

COlUIuD1d,
being received from all over the
State signed by automobilists asking
for legislation at this session of the
general assembly along the plan for
building a permanent system Of hard
surfaced highways for South Carolina
decided upon January s, 1919 at a
joint conference Of the members OF
State Highway Commission and the
State Highway Campaign Commit
tee.
Blank petitions were sent by the
campaign committee to prominent au-
tomobilists in every section of the
State and they were asked to ascer-
tain the sentiment Of the owners Of
machines in their respective section
towards the proposed legislation. The
replies that are being received and
the numerously signed petitions would
indicate that the motorists are over
whelmingly in favor of the proposed
plan.
The State highway campaign COM
mittee was anxious to test the sentl-
nnent OF the motorists before going
before the general assembly with
proposed plan because it wanted to be
in position to acouaint the members
of tie legislature with the fact that
the legislation was desired by the au-
tonaobilists. Since only the auto
mobilists that will be affected so far
as taxes are concerned. the commit
tee feels that if they desire the ad-
ditional tax to be placed upon them
legislators and the people ought not
to object In other words, as Mr.. r.
c. Rhett, of Charleston, a member
of the campaign committee puts it,
the autoits are asking the State
merely to lend them its credit for a
brief time and they will build the
permanent roads and pay for it.
It is probable that legislation will
be introduced in both houses Of the
general assembly at once carrying out
the plan adopted on January s. This
will provide for a change in the act
creating the State highway commls-
sion so as to make it consist OF ten
members, one from each ccngression-
al district and the three senior pro-
fessors of civil engineering in the
State colleges; and giving them ad-
ditional powers, the raising Of the
annual license tax beginning with
1920 on motor vehicles to 81 per
horsepower for automobiles and mo-
torcycles and 81 per horsepower for
motor trucks and the license for
dealers to $50 for each make Of car
handled and to fix the license for
trailers at $40.
The highway commission will also
be instructed to investigate the cost
Of the construction of such system
of highways and to report to the next
session of the legislature what State
bonds would be necessary therefor.
and the estimated annual license tax
necessary for the retirement thereof,
after providing the proper mainte-
nance OF the said highway.
Provision will also be made for the
return to any county, which con-
structs any portion of the State High
way System as laid out by the COM
mission, under its supervision, the
cost Of said highways; or, in the event
of a provision being made whereby
counties contribute in any way to the
construction of the highway system,
such portion of this cost as such cOun-
ty would in that event be entitled to.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
Banished From Sweden
Bolsheviki Representatives Are
Given Short Notice to Get
Out.

Stockholm, Jan. 24.-The Swedish
government has sent an ultimatum to
the Bolshevik legation here demand
ing its departure from Sweden by
January 25th at the latest, according
to the newspaper Politiken.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
Loans to Allies
United States Has Advances
Nearly Eight Billions to
Garry on War.

Washington, Jan. 2a.-Amerlca
Job as banker for the allies was lisnr-
er this month than any since the
United States entered the war. oh,s
one hundred and seventy n1'!lion ooi-
lars were paid out as allied loans
since January 1st, the treasury re-
norted TO-DAY. although payments on
account for long time ran arou,io
four hundred million monthly. 'ie
United States has actually paid our
TO the allies on credits seven plllloh'
eight hundred and Gfty-four mili!oh.
eight hundred and sixteen thousat1o
dollars.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
Butter Goes Down
Fifteen Cents in Two Weeks in
Chicago.

Chicago, Jan. 23.-Butter dropped
five cents a pound today, wholesale.
This makes a total fall of Is cents a
pound in less than two weeks.
Wholesale trade in butter today was
described as not merely demoralized,
but paralyzed. Demand, both foreign
and domestic, was almost at the zero
point.
Stoppage Of government and foreign
buying as a result of cheap supplies
especially from Australia and
South America, started the decline.
Excessive high prices in the domestic
frn dn HI, The ,.ea-t a .s---.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
SECRET ENEMIES
At WORK HERE
German and Bolsheviki Agents
Spreading Un-American
Propaganda.
81. AN TO SEIZE CONTROL
OF THE GOVERNMENT
Gerrnans Working to Save Their
Country From Payment of
the Penalty for War Crimes.

Washington, Jan. 2S.-Testifyins
before the senate committee investl-
eating German propaganda, Archl-'
bald Stevenson of the military intel
igence. bureau, said today that rep
:resentatives OF. the Bolshevih move
:snent already ihaye organized sovelts
"a thes industrial centers Of this coun-
ny and that their plans contemplate
eventual seizure Of the government.
Mr.. Stevenson also said evidence
exists that Germans in the United
States have begun a post war propa-
sanda with a view to exerting an IN
nuence which would make the peace
terms imposed on Germany less oner-
ons. He called the committees at
tentien to recent editorial in the
New York Stats Zeitung, which he
said endeavored to convey the idea
that American soldiers overseas had
come to regard the Germans in a light
other than that of enemies.
Leaders OF the Bolshevik move
ment in this country, Mr. Stevenson
testified, included John Reed, who, he
said, was the consul general at New
York for. the Russian soviet govern
nnent; and Albert Rhys Williams OF
New York schools for the teaching
OF the E,olshevik doctrine to chill
aren have been established by the To-
cal organization, the witness said, and
lecturers sent out He told the COM
raittee that Hutchins Hapgood OF New
York was one of the lecturers anc
that Leonard D. Abbott also Of New
York was head Of the school for the
teaching Of radicalism.
Money for the Bolshevik propagan-
da work, Mr. Stevenson asserted, was
sent from Russia.
.orhe element that is furthering
yadicalisn here is the same element
that is lighting American soldiers IN
Russia said the witness: They can
be said to be the same for Reed and
WILLIAMS are their representatives IN
this country"
Asked by Senator Overman for
remedy for Bolshevik;sm, Mr.. Steven
son said he would recommend depor-
tatatien Of alien agitators, punishment
un6er a law specifically drawn for
that purpose Of Americans who ad-
vocated revolution, barring from the
country the ultra radical units and
counter propaganda Of education.
: In reply to question from sena-
tor oyern1an as to whether Frederic
C. Howe, commissioner Of inmigra-
don in New York held radical views.
she witness said he believed Mr..
Howe's. opinions were somewhat
radical
Investigation of the Stats zeitung,
Mr. Stevenson said, showed that the
paper received $4,000 from DR.. Ber-
nard Dernbrrg. the German propa-
gandist, after the beginning Of the
European war. A deposition by
George Won Scl1al taken by the New
York attorney general, he declared.
showed that in December, 1914, or
January, 1915, a cable message was
cent to the Berlin foreign Office saying
that the Stats Zeitung had to have
approximately 100000 "if it does not
fall into the hands of people who are
against Germany" The answer to the
message, he asserted, was that the
embassy here would be authorized to
pay the money If necessary"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29

Washington. Jan. 24.-The total
losses of the 35tr division, compcs-
cd of Kansas and Missouri National
Guard. in killed and died Of wounds
during the entire service IN france
were eight hundred twenty-seVen
ment. Secretary Baker told the house
rules committee today. The resolution
for a congressional investigation or
the reported excessive losses of this
division vas under consideration.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
Fire in Greenvlle
Two Big Stores Destroyed
Loss 100000.

Greenville. jan 24.-Fire Of an un-
known origin destroyed the building
bf the Craig-Russ Furniture Com
pany and the Hobbs-Henderson Dry
Goods Company, this morning. The
loss is estimated at one hundred
thousand dollars.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
A Novel Strike
Physicians and Chemists Retail
late on Anarchists.

Amsterdam. Friday. Jan. 24.-All
doctors and chemists in Bremen have
decided to strike, according to the
Perrin Lokal Anzieger, as soon as po-s.
litical strikez endanger traffic or sup
plying people with food, gas, elecS
tricity or if citizens of Bremen are
arrested for political reasons. - 3.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29

Basel, Jan. 24.-Leon Trotzky did
not escape from Narva after the Es-
thonians defeated the Bolsheviki, but
was captured, according to advices
received here from Libau.
These advices also say that owing
to the intervention Of Finnish troops
in Northern Estnonia and Livonia the
country has been completely rid of
Boishevik forces.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
Bolsheviki Meet Defeat
Luthuanians Win Great Victory
Near, Wilma.

Paris. Jan. 24.-Lithuanian troops
inflicted defeat en- the Bolshevik:
near KosZedary, midway between
Kovno and Wilma according to re-
ports received from Kovno today. Boil
sheviNi casualties are reported to
have been heavy. They are said to
have lost sixty-ave hundred prisoners.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29

New York, Jan. 25.-eGrman ships
allotted to the United States for the
transportation Of troops aggregate a
total Of four hundred and fifty thou
sand tons. including the giant Ham
burg American liner Inperator.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1919-01-29
Must Write Home
Gen, Pershing Issues Order to-
All Men in His Army.

Washington. Jan. 23.-The failure
Of relatives and friends at home to-
hear from many men in the An2eri-
can eXped tionary forces led Gen.
Pershing to order every man to mail
to his nearest relative postcard CIV
ing his present location, state OF
health. and the military unit OF the
writer Special postcards are being
supplied for this purpose.