South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-06-22
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.

20 is DEGREES BY force. II necessary.
It viii also be'remembered that one
Of his principal objections 70 the
proposed league was that II did not
include all the nations OF the earth,
including Germany.
Remember Rooscvclt's Advice.
Senators who seem so anxious 20
prevent the adoption Of the league
upon the apparent theory that its
ratification will assist PRIEST Wilson
and the democratic party would do
well 20 ecu 20 the advice given by
Theodore Roosevelt shortly before
his death. when he wrote
L think that most OF our people
are in favor Of the establishment OF
the principle OF such a league under
common-sense conditions which will
not attempt too much. and thereby
expose the movement 10 the absolute
certainty OF ridicule and failure.
There must be an honest effort 20
eliminate some OF the cause hat
may produce future wars and 10 min
imize the area Of such wars"
This counsel seems 20 have been
one Of the guiding principles in the
formulation OF the covenant OF the
League OF Nations. II does not at
tempt toe much: IL carefully avoids
undue encroachments upon the SOW
ereignty OF the participating nations.
and 10 constitutes AN honest effort
10 eliminate some OF the causes that
may produce future wars and 20 min
imize the area OF such wars"
- - ~ @~-F--m-- Lar- IL
different 20 the criticism OF such rep
resentative men as Messrs. Taft,
Lowell, Lodge. Root, Knox and
Hughes, in amending the original
covenant. In the first place. the
language OF the original covenant. 10
which 20 much exception Vas taken
in the early criticism OF the docu-
ment, has been considerably i'm
proved in the revision.
4 number OF amendments or
changes also have been adopted. evil
IDENTIFY designed TO meet and remove
these objections. Among the most
important OF these changes the fol-
lowing nay be mentioned;
Privilege of Withdrawal.
l.. Mr.. Taft, Sen. Lodge. Sen.
Knox and Judge Hughes objected to
the original draft on the score that
II contained no provision for the
withdrawal Of a nation from the
league. This has been met by Article
I OF the revised covenant which pro-
vides:
ANY member OF the league may,
after two years notice Of its inten-
ton so TO do. withdraw from the
league, provided that all its interna-
tiOnal obligations and all its Obliga-
tions under this covenant shall have
been fulfilled at the time OF its with
drawal."
. Mr.. Taft and Judge Hughes
both recommended hat il should be
made clear that the assembly or h
council should act by unanimous
vote. Sen. Lodge urged that il clear
" be prescribed by what vote the
council should act Article V of the
revised covenant provides;
Except where otherwise express
" provided in this covenant, or by
the terms OF this treaty. decisions at
any meeting OF the assembly or of
the council shall require the agree
ment OF all the members OF the
league represented at the meeting
g.. Sen. Lodge objected that il vas
not provided who should select the
mandatory for any colony or terri
tory. Judge Hughes urged hat no
nation should be required 70 act as a
c~candatary without its consent Both
OF these objections are met by Arti-
Gle XXI Of the revised covenant.
hich provides that the council shall
designate as the mandatory one Of
the advanced nations, who, by rea-
son OF their resources, their expert
ence or their geographical position.
can best undertake this responsible
ity. and who are willing 10 accept
II {"
Roots Objections Met.
4 Sen. Root objected hat Article
XIV OF the original draft appar-
entity abrogated over 200 treaties by
which nations have bound them
selves 10 arbitrate disputes which
might arise between them. Article
NXI OF the revised covenant re-
moves n possibility. by expressly
declaring:
Nothing in this covenant shall be
deemed 10 affect the validity of in
ternauonal engagements such as
treaties OF arbitration
5. Sen. Root. unlike Judge
Hughes. Sen. Knox and other critics
OF Article y OF the original cove
nant. by which members Of the
league undertake Ito respect and
preserve as against external agrees
sion the territorial integrity and eX-
listing political independence Of all
members OF the league pointed out
that the article must be considered.
not merely with reference 20 the fu-
ture. but with reference 20 the pres
ent situation in Europe. He showed
very conclusively that, in view Of the
conditions IN Europe. the United
States cannot quit, but must see that
order Is restored. and must enforce
the determination OF the allied ma
tons and their counsel IN determin-
ing the lines OF restriction. and he
said:
The immediate aspect OF Article
y IS an agreement 10 do that"
He. therefore. recommended that
Article Y should be amended so as
10 hold for a limited time-hve years