davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal., 1919-11-22

today prices are steady to 15 cents lower
compared with week ago Prices mef mere
the entire week were higher than III ~ IN
PaeIers Wednesday, Thursday, and today
paid II to is cents more a hundred pounhs ps
tban in chicago and 16 to 21 cents more
than In Omaha. The top price today w:
SI45O and the bulk of the oIIerings
brought $3.50 to $14-25
SHEEP AND LAMBS
No sheep or lambs direct from the range
t;va snd western lambs sold at $14 to $3.50
or Is to so cents higher. Yearliugs are
quoted at S11 to $12, up so cents ana ewes
81 10 to $3.50. were % cents up. Few lambs
were available as feeders.
HORSES AND MULES.
In some cases common to medium classes
grades and mules were in active demand
at firm prices Volume of business was
CHARLES NJ. PIPkIN,
Market Correspondent.
The Topeka state journal., 1919-11-22

IopckA EouitFy auo ESse.
FURNISHED by the Topeka 1 ackinG Col
Topeka, Kan. Nov. %.
Springs over 2 lbs 21c: old roosters.
13c; brotlers. lbs. and under. &c; hens,
23c; stags. 14c
The Topeka state journal., 1919-11-22

Topeka Market Report.
FURNISHED by Shas Wolf Packing Col
Topeka, Kan, Nov. d.
The Topeka state journal., 1919-11-22

| FURNISHED by T. j. Myers SOL N. E. BIdg.)
New York, Nov. %.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
SHOW SPIRIT OF FAIRNESS
American Gives English Writers Credit
for One Attribute That 10
Worthy Of Praise.

have frequently said the writer's in
England are superior To ours, particu-
larly as TO fairness and conservatism.
The other day ran across a review
article criticising the general ignO-
rance Of the people about old and clas-
steal things. After proving his point
cleverly and effectually the writer pro-
ceeded to examine himself. He turned
to the encyclopedia at random and
took the first subject at the top Of the
page. He confessed he knew nothing
about II. He did the same thing with
many other subjects Of classical an
tiquity. And this fellow is one Of the
best-educated men in England
An American writer would not have
done that; he would have pretended to
he thoroughly familiar with everything
In the encyclopedia, and witheringly
abused the people for lacking his great
knowledge.
The truth about old classical sub
jects is that most of them are buried
In books and that few people know
anything about them, for the reason
that they are not of the slightest I'M
pOrtnnce
An EngliShman is mean. hut he has
a lot of sense; and he will be reason
ably fair. even if disagreeable with II.
e. w. Howe's Magazine.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Different in Japan.

The list of things done differently
In Japan Is said to be- u long one by
those competent to speak from contact
with the Japanese. Here are a few
taken at random. tO show that the
difference is real: Japanese ladies
sit with their hands folded. palm up
ward: every lady ShaveS. Ladies nev-
or brush their hair. they only comb H.
II Is polite 70 make noise with the
mouth when eating certain food
Ladies'. however. seldom dn 81, aS they
are supposed TO suppress their feel
ings. A bride calls on her neighh">
and friends. instead nf her ncighh"r>
and friends calling on hCr. Where We
speak of th.mbleful the Japanese
speak of q "SparrOw'S tear" Numh'F
three is always lucky. except in 'ir';'
uwan" (pickled radiSlD. T" offer
person three pieces would be rud'.
We speak of putting thing "n IN.
fire to cook. The japanese speak 81
putting fire through il. \ man never
wishes his wife good morning hr'l'
She greets him and he replies 4
woman never speaks of her huSoai"
as such; she speaks of "the house.
Brooklyn Eagle.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Tints and Autumn coIors.

Everyone has seen and admired the
beautiful colOrs Of autumn leaves. but
very few know anything about the why
and wherefore.
II has been noticed that in two trees
Of naples. oak or other trees. cOlOring
In autumn. Of the same species, one
Will often take on much brighter color
than the other.
II should be remembered that.
though there must be certain chemical
combinations before any color can be
produced, the act Of producing Is
vital one. and can only operate under
vital conditions. II we cut of branch
Of any tree in summer time and throw
ii aside. the leaves turn black or
brown, and without any brilliant color /;
but II the branch he only half broken
OF or in some way injured the leaves
will color. as II the autumn time had
arrived.
This shows that cOlOring Is connect
ed with a check to vital power. short
Of its total destruction. Hence. in the
autumn. the tree with the greater vital
power will color less than the other.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Forming Artificial PearIs

Pearls were valuable as gems In
China as early as twenty-five centuries
before our era. and the Chinese had
worked out a plan for the artificial
formation of pearls about 700 years
ago, which they have carried on ex-
tensively. Large numbers of oysters
are collected and the shell gently open
ed to allow the introduction of vari.
Gus foreign substances which are in
serted by means of a forked bamboo
stick. These pellets are generally
made of prepared mud. but may be
bone. brass or wood. The oysters are
then placed in shallow ponds connect.
ed with canals and are nourished by
tubs Of night soil thrown in from time
to time.
Some time later. from several
months to two years, depending upon
the size of the gem desired. these oys-
tiers are taken out Of the shell, the
pearls removed and the body of the
animal eaten as food. Millions of such
pearls are sold annually in China. The
most valuable are either round or pear
shaped.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
or;ain Of Number Symbols.

The origin of our common number
symbols has never been clearly es-
tabliShed. but until recently all writer's
agree that these symbols were trans
mitted 10 Europe by the Arabs. who
had obtained them from India. II is
very interesting to note that available
data relating to the origin of our COM
mon number symbols have been care
fully re-exnmined by Cara de Vaux.
Among the most surprising results are
the following: Our common number
symbols originated in Europe and from
there were transmitted to the Persians.
Both India and Arabia received them
from Persia, 50 that the common term
Hindu-Arabic numeralS Is decidedly
misleading. The common numerals did
not come from letters of the alphabet,
but were formed directly for the pur-
pose Of representing numbers.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Few Old People in New Guinea.

The average duration of life is short.
er In New Guinea than in any other
country, owing to the peculiar diet
OF the natives, who devour with gusto
the larvae of beetles. dug out of decay
ed tree trunks, and habitually drink
seawater when near the coast. The
people die OF at about forty" A. E.
Pratt says In his Two Years Among
the Cannibals of New Guinea" "We
saw one very old man, who may have
been about sixty years Of age-the
only example of longevity that we
came across. He was bent almost
double, and had a long, white beard
His fellow tribesmen regarded him as
a great curiosity, and brought him tc
see us. Despite the decrepitude of hit
body. however, there was no trace OF
senility; his senses were unimpaired
and the poor old creature showed grea
gratitude for a gift Of tobacco"
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
pAY noNoRED BY WELsHMEN
March the First Known the World
Over as Anniversary Of the
countr,fs Patron Saint.

The first day Of March has long been
observed as a special day by the peo-
pie Of Wales and Is called st. David's
day In honor Of the good st. David
patron saint of the Welsh. who lived
In the sixth century.
St. David was said to have been the
son of a prince Of Cardiganshire'
Wales. and Is accredited with the
working of many miracles, especially
among the poor of the country. II was
said that when the saint first went
into the fields 10 preach to his follow
ers the ground on which he was stand
ing began TO rise until II assumed o
gOOdly height, and henceforth was his
pulpit.
For hundreds of years the Welsh
wore sprlgs OF leek-a plant with
broad bluish-green leaves and yellow
flower clusters-in their hats as a sym
Dol of recognition Of the day. This GUS
tom was brought about, some say.
from the fact that in a battle Of the
Welsh against their old enemies, the
SaxOns. ST. David had ordered all
Welshmen TO go into battle wearing
their native Ieek, not only TO distin-
guish them from their enemies, but TO
bring them good luck. d.
Other writers argue that the badge
was worn more as fraternal sign and
because leek was grown In every Welsh
garden and was the favorite vegetable
Of true Welshman.
Writers of the last century depict
a typical Welsh garden as a garden Of
onions, garlic and leek. HOnIely Incl
dents are told of Welshmen assisting
each other in farming and eatins their
leeks together, ceremony symbolic Of
hospitality and good fellowship.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
n.cNTAL LOVE OF BEAUTY
FIsy.rs and Mature Have Always Fig
Lred Prominently In Their
Paintings ard Writlnga-

Th,, Orient was always fnuh of flow-
.rs. IN primitive times the Arabs
studied the big herhals OF Byzantine
doctors and scientists aud copied flow
er after flower in their own NAH
ner; they loved them. but they were
unconscious of their beauty. When
they wanted to ndorn they only used
the conventIonallzed form of the lotus
and the arabesque flower consecrated
by hundreds Of years of tradition
Later on Chinese masters taught them
the living beauty of flowers. In the
MOngol miniatures they study the
blossOming almond tree and the iris,
but In the sixteenth century only they
begin to love the flower for itself
to study each leaf, each petal. each
line and each hue Of color. They
show the same intimate love for de-
tail which inspired the landscapes Of
Behzad. Their landscapes are always
like the poems Of Hafiz-sunny, cheer
full and gay. Nothing more charming
than these meetings of kings and prin-
cesses in the green's under richly en-
broidered tents with musicians and
dancers. And no difference IL the
artist paints one Of the cruel bloody
scenes of the antique Salamanca"
must II not be a wonderful feeling to
be executed by the order Of the king
in his illustriOus presence, with re-
taIners and maIdens around. the sun
shining. a soft wind covering your head
and shoulders With the pink petals
Of the almond tree In flower? The
birds sing sweeter than ever in the
trees. The touch Of the cold steel Is
after all only of passing moment and
eternal Is the beauty Of sun. spring
and fiowers.-R. NJ. Riefstahl, in Asia
Magazine.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
No Official Italian Crown.

There is no official crown worn o'
the royalty of Italy. The famous
crown OF LOmbardy. which dates frOni
the middle Of the fourth century =
treasured In an Italian cathedral, anu
Is the oldest and most sacred ot i"
crowns of Europe. However. the preS-
ent king, like his two predecessors, NE
never been crowned, and never Will DC,
The crown is made of laSe gun
plaques hinged together and riens
jeweled and enameled. 1t Is held as
very sacred, for inside the gold Is
narrow iron band. which tradition say
Is the nail that fastened the feet .,
Christ to the cross. The crown Is ne'O
as being too sacred to use.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
,ANE0T IMPROVE on VIOLIN
Centuries Pass, but 10 D.herenee "
Seen in the Structure Of This
instrument.

Even In this age Of hustle ana
change. some few Of the old stnnd-
bys remain unchanged. but at that II
Is rnther startling to realize that the
violip. probably the best-loved OF al
musical instrum, nts, has remained
virtually unchanged in shape or sub
stance for three centuries. In that
time the harpsichord. iute and spinet
have passed away. the harp has been
improved. the piano has been invented
and developed, hut the violin, which
took a hundred years TO assume It's
present form, since the days OF the
great Strndivari. the worlds most ia
nous violin maker. has remained un-
changed.
The violin is popularity supposed 10
late from the date of the ancient In
dIans, but the present instrument had
it's beginning back in the days OF the
trouhadOurS. who used musical boxes
called violes or guitar flddles. And as
the years went by. the little viOles were
improved. The shape was altered |;
bit by bit the instrument changed.
Now a bridge was added now a waist !:
now the "F holeS"-two carved open
ings on either side of the bridge
were added.
And from 1850 to 1760 the violin
Industry rose to its greatest achieve
ment in the development Of Amati.
Guarneri> and Stradlvari. Italian violin
makers living In the town OF Gre
mona. Since their time there has been
no change. and the finest and most
priceless musical instrument Of today
Is a StradIvariIiS violin. made three
centuries ago by the master crafts
man. Sfradivari. I'm Cremona.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Ancient Jaffa.

Jaffa is one Of the oldest towns in
the world; some call Ii the oldest town,
The first historical document relating
to Jaffa is found In Egypt. in an in.
scriptiOn on the temple of Karnak. II
is in the list Of towns which Thothmes
the Third of Egypt conquered In the
land of Canaan 16 centuries before the
Christian era. Jaffa is already men.
toned several times in the fifteenth
century b. c., In the Tel Amarna
letters, and Jabitereh, an Egyptian
governor. ruled jana and GAIA In the
name of Pharaoh, king Of Egypt. Then,
~ today. Jafta was famous for Its
gardens. The place is not mentioned In
the Pentateuch. The name is first
found In Joshua 10 :26. as bordering ON
the territory of Dan.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
NOT ALWAYS PROPERLY SANE
Scientists Assert Few People Have al
All Times Full Command Of Their
Mental Faculties.

Many people think that the express
sion Temporary insanity" is merely
used by a jury wishing to save rela-
tives pain. but numbers of doctors
who have made n study of mental dis
orders emphatically declare 1t is no
idle term.
One doctor has stated that tempo
rary insanity is condition of double
consciousness, not dissimilar to ED
ilepsy. A person normally quite sane
may have attacks Of temporary aber-
ration lasting little more than q few
minutes, especially after long bouts
Of hard, continuous mental work. be
Ing particularly liable II insomnia su-
pervenes.
Crimes have been committed in the
early morning when the perpetrator
has not really been properly awake.
and has been Mortified to find what
he has done. This Is a true case Of
temporary insanity. but II is compara-
lively rare, and a man In normal
health would not suffer in this way.
A specialist In mental diseases has
stated that he knew case In which
a person was insane during a certain
time Of each day, and that others have
been known when the patient vas
quite normal at ordinary times, but
suffered from temporary fit Of mania
regularly once a month.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
The WhipooorwilI.

1t Is almost impossible to see a
whippOOrwill in the daytime because
Of the manner In which 1t sits upon a
limb Of a tree. II doesn't sit cross
wise. like other birds. but lengthwise
Of the limb. Its toes are short. but
broad-spreadlng. and II can sit length
wise on limb better than 1t could sit
erosswise. where It would have to
clasp the limb with it's toes like other
birds. You may pass right under q
tree where a whIppoorwill Is sitting
on limb and never notice it-and 1t
knows II will never be noticed, so It
doesn't become alarmed and fly out Of
the tree.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
APPROVED DESIGN OF Sross
Papers Of Thomas jefferson g.,
Connection with Laying Out e,,' ~
taPs Great Avenu.

Among the papers Of Tbou
terson In the library of congras. :. "a
Is the bill Of POntius d Storu uefs
1907, to Thomas Munroe snno,,n.
ent Of the city OF WashInpton .'eae s
supper pOvided for all the wO.s a.
Engaged In the public buildings oas sa
completion Of the south vino ~ - e
capitol, 167 persons, at sIos
bead" The supper was given ., "a
capitol. The bill was approrad ~
Henry LatrObe, superintendent q, 20
ic buildings, who calls the esent sSS s,S
saising supper" ~
A particularly interesting lette, 1,
9ne from President Jeffersor
superintendent Munroe. dated NO,s
eello. March 81, 1909. relerrin, :.
ThOrntOn's original design for Perns,,
Eanla avenue, which Jefferson omsrt
ed and approved. This approved A.
dgn shows a gravel road for carri,,..
50 feet In width. bOrderrd ON psrb "a.
by a space Al feet wide for trea-linoS
walks, then a brick pavement % fes,
m width. Jefferson explains: "Ors
reason of preference is that this agree,
with the present disposition Of ina
Pennsylvania avenue. II will allow n,
hso next autumn either To plant Ow
OufpF plmS In tho Sotna lin, ,,-t.L n
LOmbardy pOplars. giving to these trees
Of large growth a distance suitable n
their size, or we may plant them mid.
way, so as to make shaded mall S
Al feet breadth, or pass a canal alODs
the middle at a future day or a gravel
walk, or anything we please"
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Why Diamonds Burst.

That diamonds hurst Is an old idea,
which has been variousiy explained.
II has been thought that the stones
have been fractured by violent erup-
tions In the Incloslng rocks. by sudden
removal Of pressure around them, or
II the smoky specimens by spontane-
Gus breaking up. DR.. J. r. Sutton con-
cludes that the breaking usually re-
suits from the minerals Inclosed.
These may be garnet zircon. ilmenIte or
Iron pyrites, and such crystals. under
ordinary heating at least. have 50
much greater expansion than the dia-
moad that they would exert great pres
sure.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Don't Worry.

Rise above small things. The wOlnSU =,
who lets small things worry her WIZ
be completely undone the first un'
she meets with a really big problem,
1t il disintegratIng to your mental anu
nervous condition, not to mention yOu'
physical condition, to worry.
You need not be resigned to rare ~,
slip your troubles as the old lriens ,
ducks back throws water. But yUo
can meet troubles with a will to eOD
quer or adjust them-and after tD
~they should worry" but not you
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
A windfalI,

The origin OF ''windfall," In the sense
Of good luck" dates from the time of
William the Conqueror. 1t was then a
criminal oftense TO cut timber in the
sorests. Only such could be gathered
as the wind had blown down; hence,
a heavy windstorm was hailed by the
peasants as SO. much good luck. and
from this comes the modern applica-
ton Of the expression.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
BURIED WEALTH IN IVORY
Place in Far Northern Siberia Is Un.
doubtedIy Where Mammoths
Went to Die.

In the region ef the Lena delta. In
far northern Siberia. there Is gigan
tic species Of mole which. burrOwina
underground. dies IL by chance eX.
posed TO light. Ii has enormous tusks,
and the half-Savage nOmads Of the
Country sometimes use strips Of its
thick hide for reindeer harness.
Truth to tel, the mole is the long.
extinct mammoth. and the last surviv.
ing specimen perished long before the
earliest dawn Of human history. says a
writer in Philadelphia Ledger. In
deed, II may very well be that 100000
years have passed since the youngest
mammoth walked the earth.
In their day these huge animals
roamed In herds all over northern 81
IBERIA, where the climate was mild and
salubrious. But there came a sudden
change and Jack Frost established a
permanent reign in that part Of the
world. The mammOths. huddled In val
leys, were overwhelmed by snOwdrifts.
which hardened to SOlid ice. preserved
their bodies intact even to the present
time.
Now and then the hot sun of the
short arctic summer melts out and re-
veals to view one Of the great car
casses-the meat still fresh enough
to be fed to dogs. The eyeballs Of
one specimen found on the Tas river,
between the Obi and the Yenesel. were
as perfect as IL the animal had been
killed only day or two earlier.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26

No country. not even Egypt. mada
q deeper mark in the history OF the
ancient world than Mesopotamia- For
thousands Of years IL was the seat of
the Assyrian and Babyionian empires
To the bountiful resources Of nature
its peoples added those Of art and
science. and the country during the
centuries waxed not only in material
wealth and military power. but also
In culture. The ancient glory OF
Mesopotamia has passed. but the
glamour remains.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Time Ally of Virtues.

Sometimes the man with the vision
goes down to dusty and silent deatf
with his vision still unfuIflled. Yet
time does not desert him then. Time
goes ever on and on. though men may
fsiter and die. So. time proves an
ally even in death. II blows its breath
upon the smoldering embers and lifts
the fires of every dream into fame
again.
Truth. patience. faith. persistence
these are all virtues. And time Is the
only ally OF them-the ally that Jus
ti6es them in the end though the pow.
ers Of darkness may contend agains,
.hm.-Los Angeles Times.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
HALTED At EDGE OF JUNGLE
Explorers Forced to Cut Pathway I,
Reach Mighty Tropical Ocean
Of Foliage.

Here, at the edge of our CLEARED
compound, We were confronted by
tangle. 1t was not very hieh-tweny
feet or SO-but dense and unbrOken.
Like newly trapped creatures we paced
back and forth along IT, looking fOt
an opening. 1t was without break
We examined IL more closely, and saw
multitude Of slender, graceful cant.
stems hung with festOOnS of graSS-liks
drapery. One of us seized Il wiSp Of
this climbing grass and pulled down
ward. When he dropped it, his hand
,lPipped blood. He might aS well have
run scroll saw over his fingers. Thr
Iungle had shown its teeth.
We laughed and retrearrd To the up
Pcr floor for consultation. The sigh
we saw there decided us In the d>
ance mot far away" to Use the hop
ie>Sly Indefinite Guiana vcrnLcuiar
high over .he tumhlpd lower growths
lowered the real iunSle-the hsb
hus u. This was the edge Of that
'Iniy tropical ocean of foliage. that
sea of life with its surface 100. ~
feet above the earth. stretching un
hroF'n To the Andes: Leagues Of uR
knC IN wonderland. And h,re VT
wcI". after thousands nf miles Of vOy
a9 ~ To study the life of this great
Jungle. TO find eur last few yarft
blocked by mass Of vegetation
There was no dissenting voice. We
mist cut n trail. and mt chre straight
to the jungle.-William Beebe. in Al
Iantic Monthly.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
The Time He Hurries.

When seventeen-year-old boys ia
ther tells him it's time he was picking
out a trade he doesn't see any reason
to hurry. But when his girl tells him
the same thing he begins deciding be
tween craftsmanship and professional
baseball right away.-Kansas City
Star.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Japan,s Delightful Climate.

Japan is considered. because OF Its
delightful climate. the playground Of
the East. Residents Of other cOun-
tries Of the far East Indies, the Phil
ippines, and the Straits settlements,
flock TO japan in the hot summer
months to enjoy its mountain resorts.
Owing to the large tourist business
some of these resorts present all the
up-to-date advantages.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
These pay. Of HYsterIa.

II Is claimed that chess playing In
dying out. In the old days, when hys-
terra did not have possession Of the
land and the Inhabitants thereof. chess
playing was quite popular. Now we
are a steam-heated civilization, with no
time for study for the mere delight Of
learning. Remember when Paul Muir
ply Of New Orleans was the chess
wizard Of the worlda-Los Angeles
Times.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Makeshift, as Il Were.

A strange family had recently moved
into the neighborhoOd. Robert had
made the acquaintance Of the small
son and had learned from him that
the man was only the boys stepfath-
er. aed. In explanation to me, Robert
said: at amt James own daddy.
mamma; he's just n second handed
one."-Chicago Tribune.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Heat and IuhereuIosIs.

James b. Murphy and Ernest Sturm
(JOurnal Of Experimental Medicine)
subjected mice TO heat and a week
later inoculated them with a strain Of
tuberculosis virulent for mice. These
animals displayed a greater resistance
than normal.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Miiton's Diction.

How grandly Milton rolls and winds
through the arches and labyrinths Of
his magnificent and involved dictiofi.
waking musical echoes at every turn
and variation of its progress l-E. P.
Whipple.
The broad ax., 1919-04-26
Life Loan

Life is given for rs to use; II has
been given TO us as a loan without
interest, and not to be paid back on
any fixed day. Fortune distributes
time in unequal portions at her will |;
she hurries of the young; she props
up the old.-Persius.