davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31

The danger from the pink hollwOrln
had long been recognized. and regula-
tons We're made by the government
requiring the fumigation of all cotton
from foreign countries before it could
be landed in the United States. Ev-
cry possible precautionary measure
was taken, but there came one thing
against which even the government
could not guard. The great storm
that ravaged the Gulf country in 1915
washed ashore around Trinity Bay.
and possibly elsewhere on the Texas
coast, great quantities Of cotton lint
and cotton seed.
Nobody gave any special thought to
the matter ut the moment. but when
the next year the pink bollworm ap-
reared all around the bay, it became
apparent that some Of the washed-up
cotton must have come across the
Gulf from the Laguna district Of Mex.
leo, where the pest had gained foot
Ing some time earlier. That may not
have been the only source of infesta-
ton, but it was the one that gave the
eANulCA Rftlt III TIT lEOuUlC.
An oil mill at Hearne had received
some seed from Mexico in 1916 and
the bollworm appeared in few fields
in the immediate neighborhood Of the
mill. The infestation at this point
was entirely eliminated in short order.
however, by uprooting and burning all
growing cotton collecting and burning
all scattered parts. the prompt milling
and destruction of the seed. and the
shipment to Europe Of the harvested
lint.
A mill at Beaumont. too. had re-
ceived seed from Mexico and had vio-
lated its agreement to use it only for
milling. 1t developed that some Of
this seed was sold to planters through
! out radius of 20 or 30 miles from
the mill. Each sale was traced and
the surrounding district included in
the cleanup operations.
But it was the washed-up cotton in
festation at Trinity Bay that developed
the really alarming situation. involving
more than 6.OOO acres of cotton sur
rounding the bay. and it was there
that the really big operations were
undertaken.
A large force Of experts and labor.
ers--not less than 500 negroes-with
the voluntary assistance of any mum.
Der of farmers and members of their
families. was assembled. camps were
established. and the cleanup was be.
gun OH Il thoroughly systematized plan
that involved every inch Of surface
to make sure that no lurking place was
left for larva to winter. All the
cotton grown in this area was taken
to Galveston under supervision and
shipped to foreign countries. All seed
was milled under the direction of gov
eminent agents. The work ended
with the whole area as clean as the
top Of 4 table.
The result. naturally. was awaited,
with much anxiety. In the spring Of
1913 the entire area was watched. The
planting of cotton was prohibited. OF
course. and every stalk If volunteer
cotton was pulled up and destroyed af
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31
Candid Criticism

An official IT an insane asylum is n
firm believe in the value Of amuse-
ment on a deranged mind: and. being
good amateur comedian. he Occas-
ionally assists at an entertainment.
His last performance was especially
ludicrous; but one man in the audi
ence sat through It with grave and
unmoved countenance. a look Of per.
plexity in his eyes. ut certainly is n
remarkable state Of AFFAIRS" he cou-
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31
BNa1EZz1F ~ FrZRzHUP

ter careful examination. At the end
OF the season the reports of all the
investigators showed that absolutely
no evidence of the presence of the
bollworm could he found.
But the success Of the campaign will
not be regarded as absolutely certain
until two other summers have passed.
In the meantime the quarantine will
be vigorously enforced
Prior to the discovery of the actual
presence Of the pink bOllworm in Tex
as the state, taking precautions
against its presence not far away in
Mexico, had enacted legislation giving
authority to establish a zone free from
cotton culture on the border Of Texas
adjacent to Mexico. Since that time.
quarantine and cotton-free zones have
been declared in three areas.
The normal planting of cotton in the
largest Of these areas is about $1,000
acres and the inability to plant has.
of course, entailed hardship on the
planters. 1ndividuals-137 to be en-
act-disregarded the law and planted
some cotton, a total Of few hundred
acres. Legal action was taken against
them and they have since signed an
agreement to bear all the cost of clean
ing up their farms. under the super
vision of government inspectors. and
to leave the disposal of the cotton
grown absolutely in the hands of tho
authorities.
1t is interesting to note that con-
siderable number of these so-called
outlaw cotton fields were discovered
by aerial observation. Much of the
country in the infested areas is heav.
lily timbered. Roads are neither plea-
tiful nor good in many places. and it
was possible for an outlaw planter to
tuck away few acres of cotton in
some nook of the woods beyond prob-
ability of discovery by ordinary means.
This gave the inspectors of the fed
eral horticultural board the idea OF
using airplane observers to spy out the.
hidden fields. The scheme worked ad-
mirably, the first flight alone reveal
ing no less than seven outlaw cotton
fields which had escaped discovery by
all other means.
While a feeling Of reasonable safety
is justitiable as to the elimination 1T
the bollworm from Texas. the danger
Of new infestation remains so Ion.
as the bOllwOrm exists in Mexico, and.
therefore, extreme vigilance will not
be relaxed. All railway cars and 9th
er vehicles coming across the line are
inspected. cleaned, and fumigate,i.
TIL. disinfection OF cars and freight
with gas from generators placed with
in the cars has been discarded as Civ
ing no security against insects that
might he resting on the exterior of
cars. DiS;nfection houses have been
erected into which cars are run and
disinfected both internally and ex;er-
nally.
The question is now raised Has
the recent Gulf Of Mexico hurricane
brought the pest again to the Texas
shore? The storm ravaged the Gulf
shore from Brownsville beyond tn
Key West. If the storm Of 1915
brought the pest to the American
shore from Mexico. why should not the
same conditions now obtain?
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31
DRIVES AUTO
WITH BEAR ON HIS LAP

Great Falls.-Constable H. v. eagle
is probably the only Montanan who
has enjoyed the experience of driving
an automobile with bear in his lap.
While on trip to Helena on a dark
night, his headlight flushed big
black bear. Bruin was flustered by
the light and struck for a cliff be-
side the road. The highway ran
through cut and the bear, climbing
up few yards. tumbled back into the
machine where he actually sat on the
driver. eagle kept the road and his
nerve and clbowed the amazed and
frightened beast out of the car. when
1t disappeared.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31
FIND ANCIENT MAIZE GRINDER.

Plentywood.-A stone maze grinder,
believed to be a relic Of pre-glacial
days. was unearthed by wOrkmen dig
ging a we'll at the electric light plant
north of here. The grinder was buried
IL feet below the surface, indicating
that the implement was used by in
habitants of this country hundreds Of
years ago.
The Lewis and Clark post Of the
American legion will celebrate the day
with victory ball. Governor Stewart
and Adjt. Gen. Phil Greenan will lead
the grand march.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31
INCREASE WATER SUPPLY.

Butte.-More adequate fire fighting
facilities for the south side section of
Butte will be provided by the new
Basin creek reservoir being construct
ed near Timber butte. When cOmplet-
ed this reservoir will make available
a reserve supply of 100000 gallons
Of water for fire fighting purposes. ac-
cOrtltng to Eugc. Carroll, manager Of
the Butte Water company. This will
provide Z flow OF 400 gallons a minute
tor two days. Concrete work on the
reservoir has been started.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31
In Holland. Too.

The typical Dutch housemaid in
wooden clogs and multi-colored skirts
has passed away to make room for
totally different kind of being. An
Amsterdam lady engaged not long ago
new housemaid who stipulated tina,
she should have two evenings a week
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31

leaves or grass or trash: forced to
sweep every inch of the 10000 acres
as closely as scrupulOus housewife
sweeps the kitchen floor and to sift
every pint of the sweepings as care.
fully as a miser would sift dirt with
gold nuggets in it-there is a task be-
side which the one of searching for a
needle in haystack appears simple
and rs requiring no patience worth
mentioning.
But that is exactly what the United
States department of agriculture. with
the help of the state authorities of
Texas did in the campaign for the
elimination of the pink bollworm of
cotton. 1t was done SO successfully
that not a single egg. larva, or moth
of the pink bollworm appeared in 1918,
result that appears to justify the
Characterization of the job as the big
gest successful chronological expert
ment of it's kind in history.
When it was first found that the
pink bollworm of cotton had gained
n footing upon the soil of the United
States, the CONSERVATION that resulted
was hardly less than it would have
been If the discovery had been made
that German gunboats were coming up
the Mississippi river. But the con-
sternation was among agricultural
scientists. The general public did not
know the desperate danger. The scien-
lists knew. however, that. unless
checked. the little bollworm meant an
annual loss of not less than $5OOOO,-
600, If. indeed. it did not threaten the
existence of the cotton industry. and
their alarm was not materially less
ened because the infested area was
limited to small areas around Trinity
Bay. Beaumont. and Hearne. Texas.
For the pink bollworm spreads. not
by yards or acres. but by hundreds OF
miles ut leap. The chief agent OF
dissemination being man with his rail.
road trains. the distance from Texas
to Georgia or North Carolina Is nc
great jump, and 1t probably would not
be direct jump. The larva would
he loaded into car Of cotton ut Beau.
mont. say. shipped to New Bedford
Mass. and left in the litter at the
bottom of the car. which would then
90 to Brockton for load of shoes
consigned to Atlanta. and would final.
" get swept out on some siding in the
Georgia cotton fields.
And there 1t would begin anew the
devastation that 1t has wrought in
Egypt, India. Japan. the Philippines
Ceylon. the Straits Settlements. the
Hawaiian Islands. Brazil. Mexico, and
practically every cotton-g growing coun
try on the globe except the United
States. It ia the most destructive OF
all enemies Of cotton. often reducing
the yield of lint by 80 per cent and
sometimes by more than so per cent
md greatly lessening the quantity OF
| oil produced from the seed. In thu
Hawaiian Islands the cotton industr,
has been practically abandoned he
cause of It. and wherever it has gon,
the industry has suffered terribly
That is why the department Of agri
culture. when the worm appeared ir
Texas, thought It worth while to un
dcrtake campaign out of all proper
ton to the area infested.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31

to enable her to attend rehearsa,s.
Asked to explain. "Dientie" said that
she was member Of the orchestra
o: the Concert GebOuw (the Que. ms
hall "f Amsterdam). and needed Ieis-
ura moments in which to practice
Brahms. SpOhr. Bach and Beethoven
for the autumn cOncerts.--I.onfion
Daily Express.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31

fided to visitor after the doctor had
finished an amazing sort of highland
fling. "a very remarkable state of af-
fairs. when they shut me up here and
leave him on the outsider
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31

Chinese University Expands.
The Fukien Union university Of
FoochOw Is about to erect n million
dollar group Of buildings
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31
70 90 an ZzZ z2E

for Il small,
thin. rOSe-tinted. almost
white caterpillar In TO-
600 acres of Texas cot
ton land: confronted with
the necessity of making
certain that in all that
area no single caterpillar
made good it's conceal
,ronk In holl ~. s.fnll. mr.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31
Report on Iliiterates.

dustrial accident board ut the close of
the quarter ending June 30. just is
sued, there We're employed by indus
tries of Montana which have more
than $4,000 employees, a total of 7.S4S
illiterates and aliens. The average
residence of the aliens in the United
States is IL years and the average age
Of the illiterates Is 35 years.
The aliens come from nearly every
nation of the globe. even Iceland and
Lapland being represented with one
citizen each.
Austria is the heaviest represented,
there being 1850 citizens of that cOun.
try, while the Italians follow with 500.
The Greeks are third with IA, the
Finlanders fourth with 5S7.
r + +
Sues 70 Force Bond Issue.
Frank Gales. as relatOr, has filed
in the supreme court proceedings to
compel the commissioners of Hill
county to issue bonds totaling 81 OOO,-
600 for relief of drOuth stricken farm
ers in that county.
in the whether the legal
limit Of Indebtedness is based on the
assessed valuation of property or the
valuation for taxation purposes and
whether sinking funds should be SUBJ
tracted from the total Indebtedness of
county. Other legal questions are
raised and direct appeal is made to the
tnt ypnvNN 10 fn<sil3 tor H.
cision and obtain what is termed ''im.
mediate relief" for the farmers.
+ X 4
Nov. ~ American Legion Day
Gov. Samuel v. Stewart will be ask
ed to declare November II, the first
anniversary of the armistice. a legal
holiday as american Legion day"
in accordance with instructions sent
out from national headquarters of the
American legion by Henry D. Linds.
ley. chairman of the national executive
committee.
Ford After Fruit Dealers.
Attorney General s. C. Ford Of
Montana has returned from North Da-
kota. where he had conferences with
federal authorities who are preparing
suits against fruit commission houses
operating In that state and Montana.
for alleged violation of the antitrust
act. Similar prosecution, it Is under.
stood. is to he initiated by Mr.. Ford
in this state. The names of the pros.
pective defendants have not been
stated.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31
REvAMP WHOLE
STATE SCHEME
FINANCIAL AND OTHER sYsTGMa
OF Government FAULTY, SAY
EXPERTS IN THEIR REPORT
NEWS OF THE CAPITAL CITY
STATE Industrial Accident Board De.
elaree In Report That 7ye4e litter
ates and Aliens Are Working
for Montana Employers

Helena.-Strict property account
ability. Capitalization of all financial
accountability, removal of all private
ly collected and disbursed funds Of
state institutions and departments,
adoption Of q budget system and con-
sideration of the burdget by joint
house and senate committee on apprO-
priations to be submitted to the state
board Of examiners. IRE among the
efficiency commission by expert &C.
c0untants of Chicago, who have de-
voted several months to n infinitely de-
tailed investigation of state finances
and financial machinery. These recon-
mendations are summarized for the re-
port of the state efficiency commission
selected by the last assembly to report
to the governor on November l, on
means Of cutting down state expenses.
The commissioners, who met here.
said the report has been drafted and
will be prepared to submit their re-
port to Governor Stewart on Novem-
Der l. The commission is composed
of N. T. Lease. w. o. Fiske and Frank
Eliel.
The accountants attach no blame to
any state official. Their work was
done In preparing for the budget sys-
TEN provided for and to be submitted
to the next regular session of the legis-
lature and aimed to replace the host
of appropriation bills.
Local collection and administration
Of funds by various state institutions
was discovered and it was recon-
nended that it he corrected. Lack of
accountability of physical property of
the state was also brought out. A
centralized authority to cover this lack
was recommended.
financial affairs under four schedules.
expenditures and requests, spending
power. statistics and balance sheet.
Expert service is recommended in
handling the states finances.
One central department of accounts,
statistics and reports should be Gre
ated. the accountants said. to handle
all buying of supplies, auditing Of &C.
counts. prepare the budget and study
efficiency of employees. uniformity Of
wages. and supervise public printing.
The report also said the legislature
should let the wages Of state employees
alone and that this should be attend
ed to by department heads in recon-
mendations to those in charge Of the
budget.
The Powder River County examiner and the Broadus independent. [volume] (Broadus, Mont.) 1919-1935, 1919-10-31
MONTANA NOTES


Nearly 100 elk, tame as cattle, and
protected by the state game law, have
been want0nly slaughtered by hunters
in Mineral county, according to an Of.
fetal report to headquarters of forest
service district No. at Missoula. The
animals were rounded up in a pasture
and shot as they ''milled" helplessly
They were protected under the lav
which designates certain districts Of
the state within which they must moi
he shot. They were accustomed t.
man.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-27
FUND FOR EXPORTERS
Government Preparing to Loan
One Billion Dollars.
Nature of Collateral Security Required
Remains to Be Worked
Out

Washington, March 27.-The gov
ernment's billion dollar fund for financ-
ing foreign trade soon will be opened
to American exporters through loans
from the war finance corporation
Regulations being prepared by the
corporation to cover advances will
provide for the lending of sums up to
$50 100000 to any individual firm. cor
poration or export association, prob
ably at So per cent for maximum
of five years, on adequate collateral.
The matter of the collateral secur-
ity to be accepted remains to be
worked out, but indications are that
paper representing merchandise en-.
gagged in the export processes will be
acceptable. Collateral to the extent of
125 per cent of the loan probably will
be required.
Scores of informal applications for
information or for advances have been
received from Individual exporting
firms or representatives of the export
associations being organized under the
Webb act, the war finance corporation
reported today. Preparations for max
ing the loans will be rushed
Reports indicate that exporters are
planning to make extensive use of the
government foreign trade fund as
soon as the regulations are completed
and the corporation is ready to accept
formal applications.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-27
CALLS SYSTEM UNJUST
Lieut.. Col. S. T. AnseII CriticiSes
C0urtmartiaI.
Former Acting Judge Advocate Gen
eraI Says Soldiers Are Not Given
Fair Trial.

Washington, March 27. At the
lunch forum" of the National Popular
Government league, lieut.. Col. SAM
uel T. Ansell, former acting judge
advocate general of the army and
storm center of controversy between
Secretary Baker and members of con-
gress, vigorously attacked the exist
ing courtmartial system.
THE courtmartial, said Colonel An
sell, lis one that leads to injustice,
logically, naturally, inevitably. II is
an inheritance from the old British
code which was adopted in 1774 and
never changed 1t Is not court In
the proper sense, it is simply the ex-
ecutive arm of commanding officer.
"A man Is arrested and brought be-
fore this tribunal. He has no counsel
In the proper sense. A callow second
lieutenant without any knowledge of
law, easily intimidated, is assigned to
defend him. The lieutenant makes a
perfunctory defense, but never insists
upon the rights of the man. He is con.
victed by court which has no knowl
edge of law. The sentence Is reviewed
by an authority, sometimes equally ig
norant of law, and the man is forced to
undergo the sentence imposed"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1919-03-27
Holland Foreign Minister Declares
in Favor of Plan for League
of Nations.
SCHEME NOT PERFECT
Netherlands Government Considers
Its DuAy Lies In saIuting Coming
of Society Of Powers With
Great Satisfaction.

Amsterdam, March 27.-Jonkheer
Karnebeek, the foreign minister, made
the following statement regarding the
league of nations:
The Netherlands government, hav-
Ing received an invitation to attend
the peace conference, while 1t is dis
cussing the league c. nations, DR..
Loder, a member of the high court Of
appeals, and Prof. w. J. M. Van Ey-
singa of Leyden university, have been
sent to Paris in order to cooperate
with DR.. John London and explain the
views of their government in this mat
ter.
II hold the opinion that the present
draft for league of nations really de-
serves attention as a fair Introductory
step to a period in the relations be-
tween nations, opening quite a new
channel for the development of the
mutual interests of humanity.
However, | am one of those who
think the equality of the rights OF
nations, one of the most important
means for increasing the confidence OF
the smaller powers In a league of ma
tions, and feel that in this direction the
plan does not give entire satisfaction
Nevertheless, l am much inclined to
believe that the present scheme of the
league of nations will In no way him
der its future improvement and de
velopment on a larger scale.
AT the same time 1t might be con
sidered the duty of the Netherlands,
backed by their tradition of prosper.
ing the work of international under
standing and international law, to sa'
lutte the coming of league of nations
generally with great satisfaction and
without too much criticism"