davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1919-04-27

tionalities, Of the obliteration Of bound
aries between provinces and coun-
tries, of just and equitable govern
ment based On French academic and
revolutionary ideals, and of the
rights of mankind" or humankind, or
"genre humain" Mirabeau, the great
man of the early and mid-republican
periods, and who, had his life been
spared, might have saved France from
the terror and posterity from the
memories of it, advocated in the con-
stituent assembly what he called "The
Pact of the Federation of Mankind"
Constantin Francois Volney, q member
of the states general and the constitu-
ent assembly, and author Of cele-
brated essay on the philosophy OF his
tory containing a prediction of the
final union of all religions, urged the
assembly to declare that "it regards
mankind as forming one society, the
object Of which is the security and
happiness of all its members" The
name of Volney carries some partlcu-
lar interest to Americans because in
1795 he undertook journey to the
United States and here in 1877 he was
accused of being a French spy sent
to prepare for the reoccupation OF
Louisiana by France. He was forced
to leave this country. Robespierre,
Danton and even that Marat, whom
Charlotte Corday killed, talked of
the obligations of fraternity which
unites men Of all nations" and Of
"their rights to mutual assistance" Cure
Gregoire proposed in the national con-
vention the adoption Of declaration
of the rights Of mankind" Anarchasis
Clootz was the most conspicuous ad-
vocate Of the society Of nations, but
he was one of the ridiculous figures Of
the constituent assembly. Other men
among the 1900 of the constituent as
sembly who sat in the kings palace
at Versailles, no doubt, spoke to the
subject of the society Of nations, but
that fact, if it is fact, seems not to
have been preserved in such records as
are to be had in Washington.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

What would the world do without
absurd questions?
After all, such questions are not
so foolish as they seem. since they are
! usually induced by, desire to be
pleasant and agreeable, and certainly
the world has much need of those
qualities in 1t. Foolish. questions.
which usually are obvious questions
gone wrong. spring from good heart.
The trouble usually is that the So
called foolish question" is commonly
taken too seriously in its turn, In
stead of calmly realizing that the
ouestioner has asked his question
more as a sentence to go on with
than anything else. people to whom
the foolish question is addressed grow
terribly serious in their turn, con-
template the question from the stand
point of wisdom and rhetoric. and are
prone-alas. too prone-to return
f1ippant answer.
And yet who has not been delighted
by such fippant answer? l heard a
serious citizen, who was trying his
best to be good to a wounded soldier
on a street car, put such question.
heard the soldier give deserved
citizen grow somewhat angry, too.
But nobody was to blame.
Tell me, now" said the citizen,
after a few moments conversation
with the wounded hero. who bore
battle scars which he will never lose.
tell me, what impressed you most
in France"
The soldier looked out the window
as the car sped on. He seemed to be
lost in reverie. Battles, hardships
dying comrades. deeds of valor home
comings, the thousand-and-one mem
ories which none but the soldier can
know, seemed to Hash across his
minds eye. judging from the look in
his face. much as all the scenes in a
drowning man going down for the
third time.
what impressed me most" began
the soldier. finally. turning to his new
friend, was the hardship which the
men had to endure in the trenches"
He paused. The serious citizen felt
that he ought to say something. so
he. said the first thing that popped
into his mind, which was:
"Were you in the trenches"
The wounded soldier looked calmly
at the citizen.
"No," replied the overseas man. Sc
riously. "I was up near the moon, In
the belfry Of a church"
Much as a child may grow. without
the parents realizing that their child
is different from what 1t used to be,
that 1t is bigger in size and with
greater aims and endeavors. the Wal
ter Reed Army General Hospital. on
Evening star., 1919-04-27
A Bit Of History.

A league Of nations, or q society Of
nations, is an idea or an ideal which
was agitated by many men generations
before its present advocates were born.
Long an academic vision, it was pro-
jected by leaders Of the French revo-
luton a. . plan which should be given
practical application. The theory was
given voice in the debates in the ma
tional or constituent assembly in
1870, and there, as well as in unoffi-
cial meetings Of French republicans.
there was talk Of the "free consent Of
peoples," merger Of nations aud ma
Evening star., 1919-04-27
AN ARMY FOR ARMENIA.

conclusion of peace, to maintain allied
forces in Armenian territory, but 1t
would be unthinkable that we should
let the Turks continue a private war
against the Armenians, 1t appears,
however. that they are quite able to
defend themselves, II they have, 4
proper supply of war material. The
history of the defense of Van in 1915
shows what Armenians can sometimes
accomplish even when almost without
munitions. Unless we are ready 10
aggression by. allied forces, we should
not only give immediate consent to.
the organization Of an Armenian
army, but should agree to supply Il
with some Of the surplus Of, war
materials which our own Army at
present does not need.
Evening star., 1919-04-27
War Debts and Map Changes.

When the peace terms are completed
in Paris they will be submitted for
signature to the present representa-
tives of the enemy states that waged
the war against the entente. When
the armistices we're signed there were
four political entities bulgaria, Tur-
key. Austria-Hungary and Germany
to name them in the order Of their
yielding. At present there are at least
five political units. and unless the peace
treaty is fastened to completion there
may be six or even more. For Austria
Hungary has become two organizations
and the German empire is in disinte-
grafton and Bavaria is forming a sep
arate state.
In the matter Of reparations or in
IDENTITIES there will inevitably be
much difficulty in the distribution of
the burden. Upon whom will the debts
assessed at Paris for the recompense Of
the entente peoples be placeds Will,
for example, all the peoples of the
former Turkish empire contribute
part of that country's assessment? Will
the Transylvanians, who have become
Rumanians, bear their share of the
Hungarian war costs7 To what extent
will Austria's war debt be levied upon
the Croats and Czechs! How far will
Germany's debt be levied against the
Polesi Will the Alsatians and Lor-
rainers share in this liability
These are questions that ere now
contributing in some degree to the
unrest in central Europe. Some of the
suppressed nationalities have already
entered protest against any sharing Of
the burden. For example. the Czechs
have declared their willingness to as
sumo as part of the national debt Of
Czechoslovakia their population pro
portion Of the pre-war debt Of Austria
Hungary. On the same principle the
Poles would partake of the liabilities
Of both Germany and Russia, on pre-
war basis.
If the actual war indemnity debt is
assessed upon the peoples Of the states
remaining within; the political boun-
daries Of Germany, Austria and Hun
gary it will bear with much more
weight upon the individuals who con-
stitute those states than if there had
been no changes in the map. Each
German, for example, will probably be
liable for at least third more. Thu
average Hungarian will pay perhaps as
much again as though there had been
no territorial losses. But these war
debts cannot be repudiated in advance.
No changes of government can outlaw
them. Unquestionably all these con-
siderations are being taken into &C.
count at Paris, and they have con-
tributed to the great difficulty in the
solution Of what is known as the repa.
rations problem, in respect to which
% far as concerns Germany an agree.
Dent is now announced.
Evening star., 1919-04-27
POLITICS AT HOME
Mr.. Bryan's Popularity.

A noteworthy feature Of the straw
vote on presidential preferences taken
in Indiana the other day was the con-
tinued popularity Of Mr.. Bryan. He
was third in the poll of democrats
Vice President Marshall led, with the
President second, and Mr.. Bryan very
close to the President. Neither Champ
Clark nor Mr.. McAdoo showed strength.
Mr.. Bryan has always found favor
with the Hoosier democrats, though
never able to carry the state on cleo.
ton day. He is familiar figure on
the stump there. In the days of green
backism, Indiana was "soft money
stronghold; and silverism succeeded
greenhackism. So that Mr.. Bryan as
the eloquent champion Of the latter
ism appealed to the old friends of the
former ism. There was q bond between
the two isms.
This continued popularity is a tes-
timony to the power Of its inspirer.
Having failed in his three attempts to
reach the White House, Mr.. Bryan has
never been able to do anything for his
friends and admirers. While Secretary
of State he had but little patronage at
his disposal, and that little was Of
trifling value. Still, though unreward-
ed, great many of the Bryan men, in
Indiana and elsewhere, have retained
their preference for him.
How many are there7 and how are
they distributed over the countrya and
what may be their purpose as to next
year9 Their leader is not an announced
candidate for another presidential
nomination. Since leaving the State
Department, Mr.. Bryan has been Civ
ing his time almost exclusively to the
prohibition question. But, Of course,
he remains democrat, very much in.
terested in his party's welfare, and an
unofficial adviser as to its course and
policies.
Some speculation is current about
whether he will attend as delegate
the next democratic national conven-
tion. He was denied a place on the
Nebraska delegation to the convention
Of 1916, and had to witness the con-
vention's proceedings from a seat in
the press reservation. He was a re-
porter himself for the occasion. Since
then he has not recovered party favor
at homo, and unless he succeeds in do
ing so in the coming twelve months
he will probably have to play the part
Of reporter again.
Whether boom for him could be
launched in the convention with him
in attendance only as an observer is
q question now and then discussed.
His friends would much prefer to see
him on the floor as delegate.
Evening star., 1919-04-27
The Real Article.

When Peace holds sway, true and COM
plete,
Some wondrous changes we shall meet.
No more the tempered steel shall form
The weapons to promote the storm.
It will be turned to wheels and rails.
To hammers, chisels, saws and nails.
The scientific mind shall pass
From liquid fame and poison gas
To cheese and eggs and bread and meat
Which men all undismayed may eat,
As they forget the pride of strife,
And guide and cherish human life.
The factories again will use
Their arts in making clothes and shoes
Instead Of turning out so free
The devastating TINT.
All industry will then revert
Away from schemes for human hurt,
And earth will go a better way
When Peace, true and complete, holds
sway.
Evening star., 1919-04-27
~. Nav YORK Tines.

From the New York Times.
government should not approve the
request of the Armenian national
council that it be allowed to raise a
force of 10000 men from the
Armenians who have served in the
force for Armenia and a protection
against the Turks. Recent dispatches
have indicated that Turks. Kurds and
Tartars are as hostile to the
Armenians as ever, that they have
considerable forces concentrated in
Armenian territories, and are re-
strained only by fear of allied troops
from continuing the policy Of ex--
termination SO oenotoriously exemplihed
in the massacres Of 1915.
1t will be difficult. after the formal
Evening star., 1919-04-27
The McAdoo Boom as Signal

A0S @c0uVO oO0m aS 01Sua1.
Mr.. McAdoo has returned to New
York, restored to health and strength,
and ready for business. His business
is the law, and his shingle is hanging
out. ... ---,
There are only a few persons, how
ever, who believe he is out Of politics,
There are very many who believe he
Is more in politics than when in Of
fee. He was then somewhat restrained
by his position. Now, In private life,
he is at full liberty to pursue his own
ends and forward his own fortunes.
He is suspected Of desire to be
President, and, politically therefore,
under observation" 80 to say.
The observation" is Of this nature:
If a McAdoo boom should begin to
boom in New York, the public, not
only there, but elsewhere, will con-
clude that Mr.. McAdoo is consenting.
It will operate as a sort Of announce
ment. and suggest that Mr.. Wilson will
not stand again. Mr.. McAdoo would
not, Of course, oppose his father-in-
law.
Then other democrats suspected Of
q desire to be President will get busy.
They are waiting for a signal. None
Of them wants to antagonize Mr.. Will
son. All concede his hold on the party.
But none is in his confidence as to the
future. They do not know what he
has in mind for himself, or for others.
If no McAdoo boom is launched in
New York, the public there and else
where will conclude that Mr.. McAdoo
has not yet made up his mind as to
next year, and democrats with presi-
Dental aspirations will hold off, as
they will suspect Mr.. McAdoo of do.
ing. They will continue to wait for a
signal. They have stopped, and are
looking and listening. They do not
want to get in the way of the locomo-
tive.
There is but one other New York
democrat mentioned in connection
with the presidency, and he is Of only
parochial force. Gov. Smith has made
a good start at Albany, dealing with a
republican legislature with fair meas
ure Of success. IF the presidential bee
is buzzing in his bonnet the fact
should now be apparent. The legisla-
ture has adjourned, and will not meet
again until December. So that the
governor has full seven months to de.
vote, if he cares to put the time to
that use, to making play for control of
the New York delegation to the next
democratic national convention. But
as the governor is a Tammany man,
and Tammany is not popular at ma.
tional conventions, he is in a way and
to a degree handicapped.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

Of taxes. what it needs-whateVer our
point Of view-one thing is certain:
The bills are our bills and we must
ultimately pay them. Each and every
one Of us must contribute voluntarily
or involuntarily. knowingly or un-
knowingly. and we have got to save
to pay these bills.
Evening star., 1919-04-27
SAVE, AND THEN SAVE.

From the Engineering and Mining Journal.
Whether we are in sympathy with
the victory loan or not. whether we
subscribe or leave that duty to our
neighbors whether We prefer to lend
money to the government or have the
government take from w.. in the form
Evening star., 1919-04-27

There are moments when the Post
master General must wonder whether
he is not the complaint clerk instead
of the head Of the works.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

According to Italian reports, Presi-
dent Wilson's appeal to the people re-
suited instantaneously in vociferous
cheers for Orlando.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

The seven hills Of Rome are now be-
ing inspected to ascertain what dam
age, if any, has resulted from COLI.
sion with the fourteen points.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

It may be assumed that some Of the
Mexicans now engaged in "repudiat
inx' the Monroe doctrine. have no very
clear idea of what it really is.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

The mild conversational episodes
over here relating to q league Of ma
tions are a. nothing compared to the
joint debates in Paris.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

Mr.. Hoover finds it necessary to re-
mind the Germans that if they are to
be properly fed they will have to keep
order in the bread line.
Evening star., 1919-04-27
Carefree,

Carefree.
"Can you give a decent reason for
being bolshevistr
Certainly not replied the man
whose eyebrows and whiskers are try
ing to meet. "The chief inducement
to become a bolshevist is that you can
quit trying to give decent reason for
anything"
Evening star., 1919-04-27

Diplomats in Paris do not always
find it expedient to wait till the LIST Of
May to do their moving.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

Orlando and Sonnino are possibly
debating on whether it will be proper
for them to come over here for stump
speech tour in 1920.
Evening star., 1919-04-27
HEARD AND SEEN.

north Georgia avenue. has grown al
most beyond the comprehension of the
average citizen in the city who has
not personally kept in touch with it.
One can find almost any sort OF per-
son out there one has In mind. IT Is
such a great hospital az Walt Whit
man. the good gray poet" whose
May 81, would have found much to hts
liking, in that 1t offers great oppor-
tunity for helping wounded soldiers.
In civil war days whitman carried
mental cheer and material gifts to
hundreds of wounded soldiers in the
Army hospitals near Washington.
Early and late the rough fellow with
the tender heart was at his self-ap-
pointed task Of helping the wounded
men in the hospitals.
Today. after the long stretch OF
years, there are many people who are
daily bringing mental sunshine and
material gifts to ease the hours in
hospital of soldiers in the neighbor-
hood Of Washington. Whereas In
civil war days there were perhaps
only a small number Of such persons
as Whitman. today such work OF
mercy is more or less organized.
Indicative that "Old Walt still lives
in the hearts Of some of the soldiers
at Walter Reed Hospital Is a copy os
Leaves of Grass" which may he
found on the little shelf Of books be
longing to one soldier out there. Old
Walt would be glad to know II is
there.
r
Birds are tearing the roof of the
sky this spring. E -r ~,
Whether the war had anything to do
with it or not is hard to say. but the
fact remains that birds in the Dis
trict of Columbia have astonishing,
volume Of sound in their assorted
whistles this season.
Each natural airplane" seems to feel
that the vocal reputation of Birdland
rests upon his feathered shoulders. X.
bird can be said to have shoulders
Robins sing as if they were filled
with steam, and even tie crows cav
with unusual vehemence. AS for the ?
sparrows, these men about town
chirp as IL they were continually on
the eve of a rain, with a brilliant /.
prospect of 100000 angleworms be-
ing brought to the surface for their
particular consumption.
Then there are many other birds,
whose names and kinds are unknown
to the average person. and these make
all sorts Of sounds, all very loud, and
all very cheerful There is no par
ticular time of day for these whis-
things and tootings. The birds sing
all day long this spring.
CHARLES e. TRACEWELL.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

German delegates no doubt cherish
the egotistic hope that they will be
called to Paris as mediators.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

The thoroughly smashed precedent
Is occasionally introduced as an incl
dent of the work Of reconstruction.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

Egg rolling festivities have passed,
but thanks to moderated prices, egg
eating may 60 on almost 40 . national
sport
Evening star., 1919-04-27
SHOOTING STARS.
BY PH1LANDER JOHNSON.
His Daughtef's Voice.

His Daughter's Voice.
What were you teaching Gwendo-
lynp asked Mr.. Cumrox.
"The natural SCALE" answered the
teacher.
Il suppose you know. But it didn't
sound natural to me-"
Evening star., 1919-04-27

The translators and interpreters con-
tinue to be among the worlds hardest
worked people.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

People In Fiume are speculating on
whether the trouble is about over or
only beginning.
Evening star., 1919-04-27

Owing to the good sense Of the plain
American people, comparatively few
Of the strikes predicted ever happen.
Evening star., 1919-04-27
Reward of Toll.

The back yard garden brings delight
That is not all complete.
It leaves you with an appetite,
But nothing much to eat.
Evening star., 1919-04-27
Si1very Sounds.


That was a great speech you made
the other day." exclaimed the admir-
ing friend.
I'm afraid" replied Senator Sor-
ghum, sadly, that I am getting to be
one Of these silver-tongued orators. A
number Of people have told me it was
great speech, but none of them seem
able to remember what I said"
de man dat hollers about his bein'
jes' as good as any other man." said
Uncle Eben, "nsos' generally aim doin'
enough useful work to prove his ar
gument."
Evening star., 1919-04-27
Export Trade
Conference.

n..s.. jority has a reputa-
Con1e1ence' ton to sustain for
the party as understanding business
and being capable of upbuilding busi-
ness. The party-looking expectantly
and determinedly toward 1s2e-wants
to make good" with the business in
terests. All the elements seem to %
we'll met for a satisfactory program
of foreign commerce legislation that
will include importing as we'll as ex-
porting.
The foreign trade outlook-the op-
portunities and the handicaps and the
aids and the doubts and the national
and international influences and COM
plications-were all discussed Friday
at big convention Of the National
Foreign Trade Council in Chicago.
The tone at this gathering was opti-
mistic Of Americas foreign trade fu.
ture. but the feeling was that there
has been already a dangerous delay
in getting started. and there. was a
decided insistence that the United
States government must give its do
mestic industries protection ana its
foreign traders practical support.
How some American manufacturing
and exporting concerns have already
found the Webb-P Pom.
Webb Law creme act decided
One-Sided. .sa .p was a.'es'eo .u-
Walsh, who has Just resigned as chief
counsel Of the Federal Trade Commits
sion. Inferentially. also, Mr.. Walsh d.
rected attention to some Of the short.
comings Of the law-especially, that
it is purely an export aid. He em-
phasized its one-sidedness and half
wayness as a commerce developing
instrument when he said:
'One of the difficulties which many
exporting houses find with the act is
that they cannot claim the protection
of its provisions, for the reason that
they are engaged in importing. Con-
gress did not intend that there should
be a combination for the control of
the importation Of goods"
In support of his claim that It con-
templates export and not import trade
through associations. Mr..
Walsh quoted the title Of the act ito
promote export trade" said that "the
same motive was voiced by President
Wilson on several occasions" and re-
Evening star., 1919-04-27
Other Governments = 8
.Subsidize Factories. :.

in preparing legislation for the stira-
ulation and development Of foreign
commerce. And because Congress sees
that other great maritime and COM
mercial nations have already gotten
a flying start on the United States by
adopting programs for extending their
trade to new markets, by creating
organizations for collective buying
and selling. backed by powerful hnan-
cial interests. by forming large indus
trial units for concentrated promotion
Of their export business, and by
granting government subsidies on q
scale the world never before dreamed
Of to foreign manufacturersEthe
American Congress is going to see
that tho American manufacturers, ex-
porters and importers are given laws
that should give them an unhandicap-
ped opportunity to compete against
foreign rivals.
America is going to live up to her
character of giving fair play" in
foreign trade and America Is going to
have rules to play the game by that
will give her fair show. too.