davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1919-09-29
MORE MEN RETURN
IN SHENANGO VALLEY
Carnegie Company viii Open
Other Departments.
Special DespatcA 10 Tuu suS.

SHARON, Pa, Sept 2s.-WithH the
opening OF the second week Of the strike
Shenango Valley manufacturers assert
that they have made gains and that
more meH have returned to their eld
positions.
The Carnegie Steel Company has been
able to keep Its plant going in part from
the day the strike was declared and
now has its three blast furnaces-open
hearth, skelp mill and coke ovens--go-
ing. 1t is believed other departments
win be running Monday and Tuesday.
Tho American Sheet and Tin Plate
Company has posted notices that the
sheet and tin mills will start In all de-
partments Tuesday. Other plants which
It is planned to start this week are those
OF the American Steel and Wire Com
pany, National Malleable Casting Com
pany. Valley Mould and Iron Company,
Alice and Clair furnaces.
The sun., 1919-09-29
TWO ARRESTS: MANY
MEETINGS IN GARY
Strikers Brace for Drive of
Operators To-day.

GARY, Ind. Sept. 2s.-Expectancy
marked the first Sunday of the steel
strike here. There was little. however,
to indicate whether the mill officials
will be successful in their reported de-
termination to take the offensive
against the strikers tomorrow by re-
opening many of the mills.
At a mass meeting to-day union
leaders exhorted the strikers to stand
tirm against the advances of the Of
flcials.
This is the biggest strike union la
Dor ever has had declared John w.
Johnstone. secretary of the Chicago
stock yards labor council. "If you
men go back to work. the cause OF
union labor will be set back twenty
years"
Another speaker was Miss Agnes
johnson, field worker during the war
for the War Labor Board.
Two men in the audience were ar
rested by the police. who announced
that they were held for Federal investi-
cation.
The sun., 1919-09-29
LONDON PRESS SURE
STRIKERS WILL LOSE
Underrated the Government,
Strength, Says "Daily Mail"

LONDON, Monday, Sept. 29.-some q,
the morning papers to-day express great
confidence that the railway strike is
doomed to failure. The Daily Man IL
one Of these. 1t justlnes its prediction
by saying that the strike leaders hava
greatly underrated the magnitude Of tbs
Governments preparations to maIntain
the food supply 1t adds that the ranI
and file of the rallwaymen have not
got their heart in the strike, wblIs
another factor of decisive Importance
Is that "the public is dead against the
strike"
Londoners are keenly awaiting m.
decision of the bus and tramway work.
ers to-day as to whether they will
strike. The Daily Mai quotes an omnl-
bus official as saying II is improbable
the busmen will strike, as the authors
ties Will be able to get as many drivers
as they desire from among the de-
mobillzed men, thousands of whom ara
skilled drivers and eager to secure Jobs
The sun., 1919-09-29
FRATERNIzING BAN LIFTED.
U. s. Soldiers May Now HobnOb
with the Germans.
BIZ the Associated Prcss.

CoBLENz. Sept. 27.-(delayed.) The
army regulation prohibiting American
officers and soldiers from fraternilng
with Germans was revoked in an order
issued to-day by Major-Gen. Allen The
rule against fraternizing became effec-
tive in December. soon after Major-Gen.
Dickman and the American Army OF
Occupation reached the Rhine. The Brit
ish and French are reported TO have
lifted their ban several months ago.
For the last month the regulation in
the American area had not been strictly
enforced and there has been considerable
promenading by American soldiers with
German girls. The revocation of the
fraternizing order In no way affects the
regulation prohibiting American soldiers
from marrying German women.
The sun., 1919-09-29
LONGSHOREMEN GO
OUT AT. CLEVELAND
Ore for Steel Mills Tied Up-.
Mills Remain Idle.

CLEVELAND. Ohio. Sept. 2s.-severaI
hundred dock workers, members Of the
International Dongshoremens Union,
voted to-day to go on strike here TO-
morrow in sympathy with the steel
strike. The walkout will involve every
dock. except those handling package
freight. passenger traffic and fishing.
Workers in the iron ore storage yard
at Randall were also called out. They
are not members of any of the twenty
FIVE unions cooperating in the steel
strike.
The lockers strike will have virtually
no effect on the situation here, as no
plants are producing. To what extent
the walkout would affect mills still
operating in parts of Ohio and Penn
sylvania was matter of conjecture
Several ore docks are already tied up
or being operated with skeleton crews.
The sun., 1919-09-29
HARRISBURG PLANT
READY FOR STRIKE
Bethlehem Works to Open
Central Men Oppose Strike.

HARRlsBURG, Pa. Sept. 2s-Oncials
of the Bethlehem Steel Company's steel
plant declared tonight that they were
prepared for a strike. Men employed
by the company held meetings during
the day and while 1t is believed many
will strike tomorrow no estimates are
made
General Manager F. A. Robbins said
there would be work for all who apply
tomorrow and that the works would
run as long as possible. II it is found
that departments cannot be operated
economically because Of men being out
they will be shut down. Employees OF
the Central Iron and Steel Works to-
day voted not to strike.
The sun., 1919-09-29

section Of the National Union OF p.,
way Men, speaking in Dublin, said.
Our friends In England are avo,.
that marital law In Ireland is n Sau
gerous thing to tamper with; therst -.
they do not desire to precipitate rna,,
But we must regard ourselves as 4
serve force and be ready to act when
the generals call" ""'u
All cross-Channel service to England
has been suspended. N
The sun., 1919-09-29
PARADE PLAN CALLED OFF.
Gov. Cox Asks Strikers to stay in
own State.
Special Despatch to THE Sos


STEUBENvILLE. Ohio, Sept 2S.-ThomaB
]. Donnelly, secretary treasurer OF the
Ohio Federation of Labor, arrived here
late tonight with message from Gov.
Cox urging the abandonment of the pro-
posed march into Weirton tomorrow.
He said the Governor had expressed the
hope that the men of Ohio would 5e
law abiding and would not invade a
sister State. Assurances were given by
Secretary WilsonAon behalf of the men
that the march would not take place.
He declared he had received word that
the mills at Welrton will be closed tight
by tomorrow morning and that between
400 and 500 men would 20 out on strike.
The sun., 1919-09-29
ALL RAILROADS IN
BRITAIN TIED UP
Union Not to Ask Aid in Ire
land Unless Needed.
Bp tAe associated Press.

LONDON, Sept. 2s.-The railway sys-
TEN of the whole country, with the ex-
ception of Ireland. Is almost at a COM
plete standstill. The great London ter
mnals are deserted and the gates closed,
few policemen proving a sufficient
guard. Noteworthy is the absence of
any disorder; the completeness of the
The sun., 1919-09-29
slab to Alien soldiers UnveiI.d.

PARIS. Sept, Pa marble slab IN
memory Of the men Of foreign birth
who enlisted In the Foreign Legion OF
the French Army in 1914 was unveiled
at the Invalldes to-day in the presence
OF Georges Leygues. the Minister Of
Marine. a
The sun., 1919-09-29
for funeral
flowers
consult
Fleischrnarl
inexpensive
modern ideas
5:@eaves42'tst st.

annoyed by a crowd and challenged to
light Menaced by threats, King said.
he unbuckled his mace. One OF the
crowd tried to snatch 1t from him and
Ryan, the deputy says, flashed n revol-
yer. King then fired.
Ryan says he Is not a striker. He
was taken to q hospital.
The sun., 1919-09-29
Loyal workers. Home Fired.

Fire, alleged to have been incendiary.
was discovered in the home OF a loyal
employee OF a Glassport steel plant and
was extinguished after slight damage
had been done.
Edward Ryan was shot In the thish
by John King, q deputy sheriff, at
Thirty-seeond street and Liberty avenue
this afternoon after the deputy had been
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
The Colonel
EXpOsfuIafes

Colonel Rice took up the points one by
one. The first, in spite of its somewhat
vague phraseology, was we'll known to re-
fer particularly to white prisoners who had
been placed in solitary confinement for par
ticipating in the race riots. Colonel Rice
told the committee that eleven of the men
so confined had already been released, and
that the cases of the other. three were at
that moment being investigated by the
executive officer A new man held this po-
stion, Square Deal" Smith, so-called from
his record of fairness in the navy. After
some parleying, the committee decided to
present those facts to the men and to seek
their judgment.
1t was now Colonel Rice's turn to explode
d bombshell At last he took the men into
his confidence. He read paragraph from a
letter he had sent to the War Department
month previously on the question of ex-
cessive wartime sentences. In effect his
recommendation was that all such SEN
fences be reduced to a peace-time basis.
This would cut many fifteen, twenty and
twenty five year sentences to few months,
or at most to year so. II was evident
that the members of the committee were
greatly surprised at TINS revelation OF the
commandments action. They stood out, how
ever, for the sending of tka telegram.
Colonel Rice offered instead to deliver the
message in person, and explained that he
was making official trip to Washington
in two days. To this the committee finally
agreed. 1t agreed also to omit the words
with approval Of commandment" since by
taking the message in person Colonel Rice
gave evidence of his approval.
The third point caused no difficulty what
ever, for Colonel Rice Immediately said
that he would be entirely willing to discuss
matters with general prisoners commit
tee, so long rs such committee displayed
proper sense Of leadership and remained
representative of the men.
The men returned TO their wings They
were given an hour-all they asked form
which to report tho decision of the other
prisoners.
Rumors quickly came back that tho com
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
he Strike of 1900 Prisoners at Fort Leavenworth

mands were and urging them to elect their
own committees, with one prisoner to
serve on general committee that would
attempt to confer with the officials 1--WE
urge you to preserve order, to stand firm
and commit no violence" concluded the
message sent to these wings.
No attempt was made to take the men
out to work Using my pass, signed by the
commandant, | visited the men in the
seventh wing. They received me every
body Of men who think themselves unjustly
treated receive a rcporter-with open arms
To them | a bridge to the outside
world One prisoner suggested that I
might be a government spy, but he was
quickly silenced by those who thought they
knew better. After all, they went largely
faith, for only one man in all those
hundreds had known me personally before
| had arrived, week earlier.
The men were just about to hold a meet
ng-the "sovict Of the seventh wing" they
were humorously calling themselves. Simons
mounted Il box and l leaned over the rail
Of the first balcony so that could the
faces both above and below Simons was
persuasive, eloquent, direct. His periods
were rounded his sentences complete his
clmaxes effective He told them that the
strike had been organized in the other
wings, each wing having elected com
mittec just as the seventh had done. He
read the demands that had been formulated
the night before: % That the commandant
recommended to the War Department the i'm
mediate release OF all military prisoners;
(2) immunity from punishment for all men
who had led in the strike movement; CD
recognition Of permanent grievance com
mittee of prisoners
He told them that theirs was the just
cause OF self government now being
fought for throughout the civilized world.
He brought prolonged applause by his
dramatic announcement that the dscipln-
airy battalion (thc group Of men about to
be restored to the scrvicc) had joined tho
strike, and though this news later proved
to be untrue, the reception accorded 1t
showed how engerly the men welcomed adj
ditions to tLcir ranks. He declared that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
has become of this distinguished Belgian
scientist we have not been able to discover.
Where the Gold
Comes From

Near to the great mosasaur skeleton, on
the opposite side Of the hallway, are a num-
Der Of fossil skeletons in slate rock. These,
too, are marine reptiles, but of different
kind from the chalk fossils - they are
ichthyosaurs, or fish reptiles, sngularly
like the swift swimming kinds of fish in
their proportions The great forked tail,
the sharp snout, the compact body with
smoothly modelled lines that are evident
even in the skeleton, the triangular back
fin and the flowing lines of the paddles sug-
gest mackerel or sword fish and even
more some of the swift cetaceans aquatic
mammals) dolphins or porpoises of modern
times.
These ichthyosaur skeletons came from
the great slate quarries at Holzmaden in
Wiirttemberg. They are even more flattened
out than the chalk fossils by the crushing
of the rock, SO that they have now the
appearance Of bass-relef, and the original
rounded form OF the body is entirely lost
One Of the smaller skeletons has traces
of the skin preserved-a shiny black film
that shows on the great fins of the tail and
back. The slate was originally a soft black
mud and in hardening into stone has lost
at least nine-tenths of it's thickness.
In this country the Jurassic states, shales
and limestones are extensive in the West,
and sometimes rich in fossils, but more in
tcresting to the practical geologist as the
source of a great part of the Californian
gold. In the East the slate formations are
for the most part of much greater age
geologically. One may find the remains
of trilobtes and brachiopods (marine in
vertebrates), but seldom CIR never any verte-
brate fossils. Slate fossils of these more
ancient periods may be found in the
geological collections in the north wing
By far the most beautiful of these are
the fossil ferns, tree trunks, etc, of the
states or shaes of the Carboniferous or
coal era.
After time there came from the boy
the inevitable question: Glow long ago
did these extinct animals live?" Dr..
Matthew's answer may be judged from the
opening paragraphs of this article. Pro
lessor Darrell, to whom he refers, has just
published in the bulletin of the Geologi-
cal Society of America an admirable dis
cussion of the method of determining the
! age of the earth from the rate of altera-
/ ton of radio actiye minerals. BY it he
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

related to the modern monitor lizard, but
with paddles instead Of feet The specimen
is twenty-eight feet long, and as two or
three feet of the end of the tail had been
destroyed by weatherng it must have been
over thirty feet in life Many other skele-
tons, though none perhaps so largo and
perfect this one, have been obtained
from the Kansas chalk.
Above the arcInvay adjoining is great
fish skeleton, twelve feet in length, of an
extinct race distinctly related to the mod
ern tarpon Another interesting specimen
is the toothed bird skeleton shown in the
Dinosaur Hall, and fine skeleton of the
great flying reptile Pteranodon, also from
the Kansas chalk, is being prepared for
exhibition. In the north wing on the same
floor are numerous fine specimens Of shells
and other invertebrates from the Cretaceous
formations.
The finest collection OF fossil reptiles
from the chalk formations of Europe Is,
was in the Brussels Museum, and was
obtained from the Belgian chalk by Pro-
fessor Louis Dolo. Whether this collec-
ton is still intact or has been destroyed
or stolen by the German invaders, and what
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

urchins and crustaceans, coiled ammontes,
related to the pearly nautilus, and bones of
fishes and marine reptiles are often beau
tifully preserved. They are all extinct
kinds, many of them very different from
any creatures now existing. The age of
reptiles is called the Cretaceous period (the
name is from the Latin "creta," meaning
chalk) because of the great chalk forma-
tons thick and widespread and full Of the
fossil remains of the characteristic seattle
Of that time.
It is because all these remains are of
marine animals that scientists have con-
cluded that the ocean covered large areas
of the earth All along the Atlantic and
Gulf coasts in North America these crcta-
ceous formations extend in a wide belt,
though partly covered over by formations
of later age, and stretch northward across
the plains region to the Arctic Ocean. here
is reason to believe that the land remaining
uncovered mostly low-lyng and COW
cred by forests and marshes and that the
climate everywhere was warm and moist.
The chalk and limestone formations were
deposited in clear water at distance from
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
The Speaker
Makes an Impression

The prisoner, Oral James, stepped back
into his place. 1t was evident that his
remarks had made deep impression upon
one part Of his audience at least-his fell
low prisoners. Colonel Rice spoke briefly
in reply, and when he had finished his Off
GERS again walked up and down the ranks
inviting those who were willing to work to
fall out A hundred did so. The rest stood
as before with arms folded. There were
smiles on their faces now. One felt that
indecision had vanished and that at last
thew knew what they were striking for.
The men were marched back to their
wings. What was to be done? The num-
Der Of strikers was about $500. They were
still part of the military forces Of the
country. They were subject to military
d;scinIine. Their officers were military men.
Their conduct was mutiny, and for mutiny
there is only one recourse.
That afternoon Colonel Rice tclephoned
to Major General Leonard Wood in Chicago
for permission to use the soldiers or the
49th Infantry regiment, if he should need
them General Wood issued permission for
the use OF the troops "to maintain dscl-
pline, TO protect prisoners and to protect
government property" Authority could not
be broader That night which I left the
prison to go to supper, passed the khaki
and steel Of 1000 soldiers waiting outside
the prison gate.
Meanwhile the men had prohtcd by tho
scene in the yard that noon. The rest of
Thursday was the period OF actual organi-
cation. 1t was literally true that while the
soldiers were being sent for and we're
marching toward the gate, the strike was
gathering the force-~ard the direction
that carried IL through to victory. Organ-
cation was first perfected in the seventh
wing. committee was elected and a
statement Of demands drawn up. The pris-
oners in this wing scnt messages to those
In other wings, telling them what the de-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

mittee was meeting with difficulty in some
Of the wings. The fourth wing especially,
we heard, was insisting that the message
to the Secretary of War be sent at once
by wire. The reason was not far to seek.
The strike could then be continued until
an answer had been received
At last the committee returned, four
hours after its appointment new
spokesman stepped to the front.
"Sir. | am spokesman this evening, gen
eral prisoner 1880, who acted as spokes-
man this afternoon, being somewhat tired.
Thus spoke Carl Haessler, graduate o.
the University OF Wisconsin, Rhodes
scholar at Oxford, editorial writer, socis1r
list, conscientious objector. He continued;
'Sir,, I have 10 report mat the genera
prisoners confined in this barracks have
voted unanimously unanimously, sir-t'
return to work tomorrow morning and 70
restore a normal state Of affairs upon 'n'
conditions agreed upon this afternoon.
A breath could have been heard Co0'
mel Rice's eyes softened, his face becsn'
suffused with emotion, and he said Amos
in whisper, THAT is very, very CRAFTY
ing"
The strike was over The demoersn9
non-miitary method he'd wo7. And 'n'
members of the 49th Infantry, who hS'
been cooling their heels outside the gs''
for two days, were sent packing.
Next morning all the prisoners RETURN.
to work. When the men lined up a'N.
breakfast the change in their attitude w.
evident Usually there IS much scuh'ps
moving about and violation Of the ~.
against talking in ranks. That mo'H~'
every man was alert, with new ois"'.
The officers and guards marked 1t ana Wv
mented upon it LATER.
How long will it last? The result ". u
Colonel Rice's visit 10 Washington c00s
not be learned when this account wen "A
press. There was talk that the men WV =,
strike again if no hope was held 0u' IA.
them The committee of prisoners WAC :.
ing all in its power 20 hold the ~ss
their word to preserve order ana c'''''
no violence. :.
What does it all mean! For one 'hins =,
means increasing artieulateness LOT ~"
the last great inarticulate group7-'"o
victed lawbreaker. For another " a
the establishment. for once at sess" Il
new order of military comfy. "hs'' ,o..
will also mean democratic military ~. ,ss
tico" for hundreds of men VINO ns'~ ef
unjustly sentenced to excessive va
confinement remains to be seem
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16
By J. DIN Howe

~"RANKLY, I sidestep the ques
- ton Of how old is the earth"
H said Dr. William D. Matthew,
curator of the Department Of
Vertebrate Paleontology at the American
Museum of Natural History "The current
view ascribes to this planet an age of about
hundred millen years, but, knowing of
certain probable errors in the calculations
on which, this estimate is based, and OF the
very questionable assumptions from which
the physicists have arrived at much small
er figure for the earth's age, my disposition
has been to avoid direct answer to the
question.
NEARLY every one asks how long ago the
extinct animals lived whose remains they
find here in the Museum and, so far as l
can, answer such questions in accord with
the figure currently accepted as q general
statement of the age Of the earth. This is
far from a satisfactory basis, however. II
the question must be answered there is
one basis or calculation WnlCn mas Deen ue-
veioped by one Of the most original think
ers in this country, Professor Darrell, Of
Yale University, which is of very great in
tcrest, though it carries the age Of this
earth back nearer to billion years than
a hundred million.
"Professor BARRELS calculations are based
on the rate of alterations of radioactive
minerals. In the older geologic formations
this alteration has proceeded further than
in the later ones, and it has been possible to
calculate from laboratory observations the
actual rate OF alteration of several ele-
ments. From these data the absolute ages
of the periods of geology can be deduced
with a probable error of not over 10 per
cent"
We were discussing the wealth of interest
ing material which a schoolboy finds among
the vast collections Of the Museum on
Seventy seventh Street. 1t seems that one
day lately such youngster was found
browsing about the institution, one of the
thousands of New York school children who
are taught to make intelligent use Of these
collections in connection with their daily
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1919-02-16

land. Near the shores or wherever rivers
carried their fine sediments out to sea- the
formations are more shay composed Of
1ayers) and dark coored. The chalk was
at first soft white ooze, composed chiefly of
the shells of innumerable microscopic or
ganisms representing. lowly forms of sea
life, and in this ooze were imbedded, besides
numerous shellhsh and other invertebrate
remains, the skeletons of fishes and marine
reptiles, and occasionally of flying reptiles
and ancient birds. AS the ooze settled and
consolidated slowly into rock under the
pressure of the everything sediments the
skeletons were gradually petrifed and usu-
ally more less Aattened out Of their
original shape