davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-03-01
SMALL INSECT BUT
PROLIFIC MENACE
Government Offers Aid tC
Gardeners and Truck Grow
erS Fighting Onion.

The onion thrips is an insect So
small that it is almost invisible to
the unaided eye. but it IS prolific, and
the most serious ment &c to the
onion-growing industry of this coun-
try. It causes an annual loss TO this
crop alone estimated by specialists
of the L. :. department of agricul-
ture TO be dt least S2,25O,0O0. Though
the insect has particular liking for
onions. il preys upon other garden
and truck crops, such as cabbage
caulifiower. cucumbers and melons
and also has a ravenOus appetite for
greenhouse and many ornamental
plants. particularly roses. To aid
growers in identifying this insect and
preventing the losses for which II Is
responsible, Farmers Bulletin 1907
Control of onion Thrips" has re-
Gently been published by the l. :,
department OF agriculture.
The first indication that an onion
field has been attacked by thrips
SAYS the bulletin. is shown by the
leaves. which become whitened. In
advanced attacks the leaves are
curled. crinkIed and twisted, and
finally die down permanently. To
control this pest, begin spraying with
nicotine sulphate solution as soon as
there is any evidence of the insect
If spraying is delayed until hundreds
Of Young thrips are present the crop
will be seriously injured. The spray
material is made by the following
formula Three-eighth pint of nico-
tine sulphate GO percent), four
pounds of dissolved soap, and 90 gal
Ions of water Spraying should be
done thoroughly and applied as a
fine mist.
1t is not advisable to plant other
crops. such as early cabbage and
caulifower. upon which the thrips
feed. near the onion fields. After
onions. cabbage and related crops
are harvested. the field should be
cleaned up TO destroy any breeding
places Of the insect. They will con
tinue 10 thrive on any portion OF
these plants or weeds that might re-
main in the field. 1t is good prac-
tice to pillow as deeply as possible
and harrow the ground after harvest.
Much of the injury can be avoided
by planting as early as possible and
by using quick-acting fertilizers aft
er the onions are we'll set or the
bulbs begun to form. Onion fields
should be watched constantly and
the plants should be kept growing
thrifty. since once the plants be
come checked in their growth from
any cause the thrips will multiply
more rapidly than ever and it will
be a hard fight TO save the crop.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-03-01

Community testing Of seed corn in
which large testers holding the kerr
uels from several thousand ears at
one time are used is being advocated
this year by soils and crops special
lists in the extension department Of
Purdue university. The idea is be-
ing taken up in number of coun-
ties of the state as a big step in
simplifying the work OF seed corn
testing.
The accompanying photograph
shows one OF three testers used last
year and again this year in Gibson
county. This tester which will hold
5000 ears at a time. was situated
in the basement of the court house at
Princeton and was erected by the
Gibson County Better Farming as
ISOLATION at the suggestion Of County
Agent r. r. Marshall, when the Sc
rious seed shortage confronted the
state a year ago. Two otheE testers
Of similar type and size were built
at Owensville and Oakland city in
the same county.
Ihe farmers brought their seed
corn TO the community testers. and
the name of each man was tied to
his sacks. Tags bearing the mum Der
for each square. which was marked
off in the sandboX tester. We're placed
on each ear and the ear then was
laid i'm a corresponding position on
the racks lining the wall on each
side Of the tester. Thus. the
terminating power of each ear
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-03-01

was shown and the bad ones
were eliminated. This work was SO
successful and careful testing done
gave the county the best stand Of
corn i'm its history despite the scar
city of good seed that the farmers
demanded that it be operated in the
same way again this year.
\ competent man was placed in
charge of each Of the three testers
and the farmers paid 80 cents a
bushel for the testing. OF this
amount 40 cents went 10 the man do
ing the work and the remainder to
pay for the material and building Of
the testers and any other expenses
of the better farming association
which had charge Of the work.
1t is to encourage cooperation of
this sort. in which the seed may be
tested cheaper than in any other
way and as thoroughly as can be
done, that the campaign is being
waged throughout the state. Large
testers of this sort have been built
i'm several counties and more will be
built TO try out during the next few
weeks.
The cost of testing i'm this way is
only seven or eight cents per acre, g"
says w. A. Ostrander Of Purdue.
who has charge of this work. Every
man knows that he should test his
seed and the biggest arguments the
farmers. themselves. offer for this
method of community testing is that
il takes it out of the farm home and
gives them a practical. easy and
cheap way of individual ear test
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-03-01
STOCK-RALSLNG
INFORMA TON FOR FARMERS
AND ORCHARDISTS

keep out cold in winter and heat
in summer. and no substitute shin
gle has ever been invented which
does not seek 10 initiate their APP
pearance.
Single roofs are not delayed on
account OF weather. Snow may be
swept of the deck and work may be
resumed after every shower. be-
cause shingles should be thorough
" wet before laying. if they are not
20 be stained.
Shingles must be dry before dip
ping I'm case a fire retardant is 20
be used Many beautiful effects
may be secured by tinting the roofs,
which, If properly done, will make
the shingles practically everlasting.
Don't blame the shingles for a
roof fire: the fault is in nearly every
case something else.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-03-01

wooden roofs. where wooden build
ings are forbidden. but for resident
districts the wooden shingle is the
most durable. economical, comfort
able and beautiful roof.
our oldest houses are rooted with
shingles, some of which have been i'm
service for more than one hundred
years, and are still in good condi-
ton
The wooden shingles are eco
nomical i'm first cost and upkeep.
Any carpenter can lay good shin
gle roof i'm all seasons and weather,
which cannot be claimed for any
other kind of roof Wooden shingles
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-03-01
FARM TRACTOR, TOPIC
OF PURDUE BULLETIN

The Farm Tractor" is the subject
OF a bulletin. No. SO. by Prof. Will
liam Aitkenhead, head Of the farm
mechanics department at Purdue
university. which has just been pub
lished by the agricultural expert
ment station.
The author discusses the size Of
farms on which tractors are found;
cost of fuel and repairs. saving in
horses and men due to the tractors;
preferred size OF tractor; the length
of life Of a tractor; increased acre
age Of crops as a result of using the
tractor: depth OF blowing; delays due
70 mechanical trouble; number of
DAYS tractors are used per year;
wheel arrangement: ignition. kero-
sene as fuel. fabrication, grease cups,
dust removers. transmissions. fric-
ton drive. types Of tractors, position
Of engine. choice OF a tractor. con-
sumption OF fuel and trouble chart.
The experience Of "A White county
man. farming 900 acres with a work
ing force consisting Of himself and
man. four work horses. and a three
tractor pillow is AS follows: For the
1918 crops rs acres were ploSed
and most OF this land disked twice.
and except for cultivating the 40
acres of corn and hauling In the
grain. the horses were used little.
One hundred and thirty-fve acres OF
small grain were cut by the tractor
drawn binder at the rate OF 20 acres
per day. The tractor and hayloader
hauled in an sO-ton hay crop. With
out the tractor. az least one more
man and team would have been re-
duired for the seasons work" says
the bulletin.
Valuable pointers for every tractor
owner or prospective owner in the
state is contained in the circular
which may be obtained by writing 20
Purdue university for f.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-03-01

Don't YOU believe it when any one
tells YOU that wooden shingles are
dangerous No big fire has ever oc-
Cured in the United States which
can be charged TO wooden shingles
I'm the FIRE statistics for 1916 there
was but one fire where the loss was
over $56O.00O occurring in a resi-
dence section where wooden shin
giles predominant. There were 45
big fires in that year in which the
loss was more than fifty millions of
dollars. a of which were in bust
ness districts where few or no
shingles were used.
Ii may perhaps be wise 10 abolish
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-03-01

100, OO0 hogs were fmmunized under
federal supervision during the last
half Of 1913 show that these ami
mails. were sold in about 500 differ
ent consignments. an average ap-
proximately Of about 166 head per
lot.
Briefly, it will be observed that
the entire plan is TO protect the
swine industry against the intro
duction Of sick hogs or those Of
doubtful health into we'll herds. I'm
der the federal regulations no hogs
are held a longer time than is ne
cessaIy 10 give them a clean bill OF
health.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1919-03-01
FARM LABOR PLAN
FOR SOLDIER BOYS
Congress Asked for Hundred
Million to Establish Farm
Settlements.

INDIANAPOLIS. Ind. Feb. ga
The present interest Of returning sol
iiers and sailors and marines and
trcir relatives and friends i'm the
plans OF the department OF the in
ferior for providing farms for men
discharged from the service as evil
deuced 10y the numerous inquiries
received 10y the state council of de-
Tense. leads the state council 10 au-
thorize publicity for the following.
4 bill Is now before congress pro-
elding for am appropriation OF $780,
100000 20 enable the department Of
the interior o. begin work at once
developing cooperative farm settle
ments for houorably discharged sol
diers. sailors and marines in differ
ent parts of the country.
The department OF tine interior es-
Inmates that there are some 900. 900
900 acres Of arid. swamp and cut
over lands Goa the United States which
10 is feasible 10 reclaim for cultiva-
ton
Do Reclamation Work.
II Is planned TO employ these
aouorably discharged soldiers. sailors
and marines who will accept such
employment i'm the preliminary rec
lamation work This will provide all
sorts OF positions for these men,
from the highest technical and cleri-
cal positions 20 that of labOrers.
Those employed I'm the reclamation
work will be paid fair wages and
viii be properly housed. To those
who work 10 build the dams and
canals. or clear the cut-over land of
-tumps OF build the bitches to drain
the swamp land. and who help 10
erect the necessary houses, schools,
barns fences. roads, town sites.
creameries. canneries. warehouses
etc. will be given the privilege o.
picking out one OF the reclaimed
farms planted in crops.
The plan provides for the paymen.
for such farms I'm small yearly pay
ments over a long term of years
probably 40 years-with interest
charges az the rate OF four per cent
per annum. II is expected that those
who purchase will be able to save
the amount OF the first payment out
OF their wages While working Tor
the government in the reclamation
projects and in building these settle
ments. The proceeds from the sale
Of crops should take care OF the sub
Sequent payments The plan also
provides Tor the furnishing OF the
necessary stock and farm imple-
ments' also 10 ne pald TOT I'D silaII
payments spread over a numoer OF
Years
VIII DO Building.
Albuquerque morning journal., 1919-05-06
THE BOY SCOUT ACHIEVEMENT.

The story of what the Boy Scouts
accomplished during the war, as just
presented at their national council at
New York, would have semed incredi-
BILE few years ago. The total of Lib
erty loan subscriptions obtained by
them was $276 1895 900. They went
over the field after the regular solicit
tors had got all they could They
managed to persuade nearly 1000. 900
people to come across once more
This is only one of many achievements
reported at this meeting.
Ten years ago the boys of this type
were not accomplishing many sub
stantial results. Many organizations
were trying to interest them. They
somehow had not fully got hold of
the point of view that appeals to boy
nature. Most boys of that period un-
less required to work by parents,
spent all their time out of school in
idle and aimless play.
The boys who take up Scout activ-
tiles have to give up a little of their
time to community work. But they
seem to get more fun out of life than
the loafer boy, who is free as the
wind to roam and ddle.
The boys thoroughly enjoy the mil
itary drill and the out door life of
the Scout program. They get lot
of sport out of the competition Incl
dental to such real work as the Lib
erty loan canvassing.
Thus the Scout organization appears
the best system yet devised for getting
the boy in line early as civic worker
The high school kid who is canvassing
for Liberty bonds today is not going to
be the civic Stacker of ten years from
now. whose indifference and failure
to cooperate keeps the community
stationary. A generation of boys
growing up with these public spirited
ideals means an entirely new spirit of
progress in a few years from now.
Albuquerque morning journal., 1919-05-06
OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN AVA
TION.

The army birdmen gave wonder
full exhibit yesterday of what the air
plane can do when in skillful hands
If the United States had had even a
fair number of battle and bombing
planes, when we entered the war. il
would have been over much sooner,
and there would have been thousands
fewer American lives lost;
A desperate effort is being made to
prevent Baker from scrapping the air
service completely. He is a pacifist,
and because there appears to be a
league of nations ahead, he believes
there will be no more wars. George
Creel expressed the views of himself
and Baker when he said he was glad
the United States was not prepared
when the war came.
But that is all beside the point We
have a condition, not a theory, con-
fronting us. There are few points
where training for the air service will
be maintained by the army. One of
those points is FL Paso. A military
air school is to be maintained there.
Already there is equipment costing
more than three hundred thousand
dollars.
The government pays enlisted men
from thirty dollars, for beginenrs to
$121.50 for men who have gained ex-
perience sufficient to become nom
commissioned officers
Then there is always the chance
to become a commissioned office, the
lowest pay being about $2OS month
| in the air service.
Let us get rid of the thougtN that
human nature has so changed that
any league of nations VIII keep MS out
of war. What the proposed league does
is to prescribe how we shall conduct
war, when it comes.
Great Britain is one Of the earnest
advocates of league OF nations; but
| the British government, almos- bank
| rupt as it is has appcop lated about
| three hundred million dollars for lis
| much,
But the United Stltes sees no rea-
son for the outlay. both for the army
and the navy air service, of more .h6n
forty-five million dollars, That is
about what Serbia Will spend ON her
air service.
But young men who learn aviation.
also learn the most intricate lessons
in automobling. They have a trade
for which there will always be a big
demand BY going to the military
aviation school they get paid for
learning what most of us would be
glad to pay to learn. if we had the
chance.
Albuquerque morning journal., 1919-05-06

ton was attached to the document of
ratification:
Nothing contained IN this conven-
ton shall be so construed as to re-
quire the United States to depart from
its traditional policy of not intruding
upon, interfering with, or entangling
itself in the political questions of pol
lev or internal administration of any
foreign state; nor shall anything con-
tanned in the said convention be con-
strued to imply a REIMBURSEMENT by
the United States of its traditional at
titude toward purely American ques-
tions."
Again in ratifying the general act
and protocol of the Algeciras Confer
ence of 1906, the Senate attached this
qualifying resolution:
Resolved, further, that the senate,
as part of this act of ratification,
understands the participation of the
United States in the Algeciras Confer
ence and the formation and adoption
of the general act and protocol which
resulted therefrom was
without purpose to depart from the
traditional American foreign policy,
which forbids participation in politi-
cal questions which are entirely Eu-
ropean in their scope.
Unless the other nations should at
once protest and decline to admit the
the right of the United States 10 make
any reservations, peace proceedings
could be completed. The league and
the United States could later thrash
out the issue and arrive ut n definite
agreement upon mooted points or
leave them open.
If the European powers were fin
ally unwilling to give pledges in full
endorsement of the Monroe doctrine,
then the United States could with
draw or negotiate further.
Albuquerque morning journal., 1919-05-06
"CAN | BE
CURED?" SAYS
THE SUFFERER

How often have you heard that sad
cry from the victims of disease. Per-
haps the disorder has gone too far for
help, but oftener it is just in its first
stages and the pains and aches are only
natures first cries for help. Do not
despair. Find out the cause and give
nature all the help you can and she
VIII repay you with health. Look after
the kidneys. The kidneys are the most
overworked organs of the human body,
and when they fail in their work OF
hltering and throwing off the poison
that constantly accumulates in the sys-
TEN, everything goes wrong. GOLD
MEDAL HARLEM Oil Capsules will
give almost immediate relief from kid
ney and bladder troubles and their kim
dred ailments. They will free your
body from pain in short order. But be
sure to get GOLD MEDAL. Look for
the name on every box. In three sizes.
sealed packages. Money refunded IL
they do not help you.
Albuquerque morning journal., 1919-05-06
.MAY 6, 1919
CLEAR IT NOW.

AS clear as mud, is the new amend
ment to the covenant at Paris, reter'
ring to the Monroe doctrine.
The British delegation, after the
covenant was adopted. issued an eX'
nlanation to their country of why the
amendment was unobjectionable IN
the form in which it was submitted
AT the eleventh hour by Presiden. VIII
son. who had not desired 20 bring up
the matter at all.
The analysis made by the British
members of the conference and pub
lished in England was sent to this
country by the Associated Press.
1t was admitted by the delegation
that the Monroe doctrine had become
an international understanding which
the United States had right TO ask
should be acknowledged by the cove
nant.
But, said the British delegation;
ON its essence, it Is consistent with
the spirit of the covenant. and, in
deed, the principles of the league az
expressed in Article 10 represent ths
extension to the whole world or the
principles of this doctrine. while,
should any dispute as to the meaning
of the later ever arise between the
American and European powers, the
league is there to settle 1t.
There you have it fully clarified TO;
British eyes. if not for all the world
that may not wish to see 1t as the
United States wishes. The league will
pass upon the application of the Mon
roe doctrine.
Should Great Britain ever again go
after an American state as she threat
ened to go after Venezuela. and the
president of the United states should
call a halt as did President Cleve-
land, England would claim right for
the league to settle tho issue. The
United States could be told this coun-
try has no right to stop the proceed
ings of European powers against, even
Mexico.
All the powers abroad might have
a common interest in siding with Eng
land in such a case. Or some other
nation, even Japan. might provoke
trouble on this hemisphere and secure
united backing from the league.
President Roosevelt once ordered
Germany to go slow. or meet Admiral
Dewey and his fleet IN the south
The far-seeing British delegation
probably made the above announce
ment so that it might grow to be the
attitude of Europe with regard to the
Monroe doctrine. If this country does
not demand different understanding
now, in time 1t will be alleged that the
British plan for league decisions has
become valid through international
understanding of the entire covenant
1t is for the United states senate TO
take a stand to prevent any interpre-
tation running against this country
Albuquerque morning journal., 1919-05-06
ONE DEMOCRATS VIEW OF
WILSON,

l think events, helped along by the
president himself, will verify my fore
cast that he is not merely a candi-
date for a third term in the White
House, but that for a nomination to
such he holds all the winning cards in
his hands.
The democratic party, so called, he
long ago abolished, having previously
much debauched it. Nothing of it sur
wives except the tattered label and he
holds that betwiXt his thumb and fore
fingers. | am inclined to believe, how
ever, that he has eliminated the Unit
ed States from his immediate activi-
ties as an established conquest. and is
now giving his mighty thought to the
sublimination of the world.
A virtuous, right-minded man thus
situate would emulate the humility of
a Washington and the humanity of a
Lincoln. Mr. Wilson sees nothing but
himself and his personal exultation;
lives for nothing except his own ad-
vantage; seeks nothing save power
and authority, the concrete things of
ruleship represented by the regal
splendor and feudal glories. which,
though somewhat frazzIed and faded,
still so on about him.
AS a consequence of his maladroit
tihkerng Europe will find itself the
middle of the coming summer in
flames. Then we shall have him home
again urging intervention. 1t has been
his mission in life to make trouble
wherever he appeared.
When the great Jehovah interject-
ed such a sinister spirit into our af-
fairs 1t must have been to punish us
for our manifold delinquencies as a
nation and a people.
We should steer clear of European
complications Never has there been
time when the admontions of
Washington, Jefferson and Monroe
carried greater weight. Mr.. Wilson's
mediocre mind and colossal vanity
have already carried him far to sea
1t is ours to look to it that he does
not carry the country to the shipwreck
of it's institutions