davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06
TOOK COIN WITH HIM
Million Found in Bella Kun's Luggage
i'm Austria.

London. Aug. 6.-Bela Kun, the de-
posed Hungarian dictator took five
million crowns (about $1,000, 0OO)
with him when he left Hungary, says
a Berne dispatch to the Exchange
Telegraph company today. When he
reached Austrian territory, it is de-
clared, this amount in crowns which
had been confiscated was found in his
luggage.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06
BIG STORM LOSS
-Four Persons Killed, 200 Fami-
lies Homeless in Ohio.
Lightning Destroys Crops VAL
ued at Over Two Million.

Cleveland, Ohio. Aug. 6.-Four per-
sons known to be dead, probably six
seriously wounded. property and crop
damage estimated at more than two
million and two hundred families
driven from their homes was the toll
early today OF the electrical storm
which swept northern Ohio late yes
terday.
Destruction by lightning of barns,
most of which were filled with new
crops. were reported from many
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06
Kansas Clty Hay Market.

Kansas City, Aug. G-HAY--Hay prices
were unchanged TO-DAY except for a decline
Of Doc in straw alfalfa, new choice, .s2eO0G
@25.50; No. ., $15.OO01 1850; No. 3, $1S0Oe1
zoo. Prairie, new, choice. 5000; No. |,
S110O@ 1850. Timothy, new, No. 1, $3.50
n250O; standard. $23.UOd24.00; No. 2,
$2100Q so; No. 3, $15.OOd 2O.5O.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

FURNISHED by the Topeka BOARD Of Tradel
Chicago. Aug; 6.-The Tribune: GRAIN
course and there will be no stability to
grain prices until 1t Is over" said a con-
servative operator last night. Towering
of wheat prices will only be a temporary
RELIEF TO the high cost of living. It should
not affect other grains except sentimental
Iy.) 1t is the general belief of the trade
kets has been driven out until such time
as the market shows signs of having run
its course on the down grade. The fact
that corn has declined 81 cents for Decem-
Der within n week cut no figure with the
bearish element who were in a majority
buying power scared out prices might cas-
lily drop more. Their argument was that
prices will go much too low as they did
too high. Cash houses were large buyers
of September oats yesterday and sellers
later. A few of the provision specialists
their market on the break. Wheat Director
Barnes brief statement after his confer
ence with President Wilson late yesterday
that he had made NO recommendations as
to handling the wheat crop and that there
was misconception regarding lower prices
for wheat was taken rs significant by the
He also said he would issue a statement
later. Traders said that shonld II say
that no lowering Of wheat prices would be
grains United States flour in war On food
pirates at SO. All federal force united to
ease price. In connection with flour prices
showed lengthy statement why the price
of wheat would rise but for the government
guarantee. Immediate steps will be taken
our in as ue ~ t5a
country In carload lots at a price not
greater than SO. British controller tells
prices of food. United States plan to
prosecute In railroad shop strike. Federal
quiz begins here. Washington also may
act Temperatures somewhat lower In
illinois, but continued abnormaliy high
from South Dakota southwark to Texas.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06
Chicago Produce Market.

Chicago, Aug. 6.-BUTTER-Market low
or. Creamery, 469 sc.
EGGS-Market unchanged.
POULTRI-Alive, higher; springs, 32@
SIC; fowls. Sic.
POTATOES-Market strong. Kansas.
Illinois and Minnesota Early Uhios, sack
ed, car lots, $4.25 cwt.; Irish Cobblers,
Virginia, lots, $500 barrel; California
cwt.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

FURNISHED By the Topeka Packing Com
Topeka. Kan. Aug. 6.
Springs over lbs. 29c: old ROSTERS. 13c I:
broiIers. 2 lbs. and under. ale: hens over
3lh lbs. &c; hens under ia lbs. 2Ie /;
stays, 14c
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06
DEAL WITH PROFITEERS
Britain Proposes To Establish Central
Authority To mail" Them.

London, Aug. 6.-Great Britain pro-
poses establishing a central authority
to deal with profiteering, it was an
nounced by Sir Auckland Geddes, min
lister of reconstruction, at the re-
sumption today of the hearings by
the house of commons sitting as a Sc
Iect committee to inquire into the high
cost of living and profiteering.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

FURNISHED py witchey Poultry 4 Egg Co.
5l7 Quincy ST.
Topeka. Kan. Aug. 9.
We are paying delivered: Hens. 2Sc I:
Loose eggs, 5sc; new cases, SiI.75
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

New York, Aug. 6.-SUGAR-naw,
eady; centrifugal, lbs; fine graduated,
"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

firm.
EGGS-Market Irregular. Fresh gather
ed extras, 54GJ5c.
CHEESE-Market weak.
POULTRY = Alive, steady; dressed,
steady.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

Kansas City, Aug. 6-CATTLE-Recelpts
5000 head. Market best steady, other slow
HOGS-Receints 1000 head. Market
shippers out OF market account rahroad
SHEEP-Receipts 1000 head. Market
steady. Lambs, $500.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

Kansas City train Market.
THE range OF prices ON grain failures on
Kansas city Board of Trade reported
by Thos. j. Myers. SO1 n. T. BldG.I
Kansas City, Aug. 6.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

The following sales were made this morn:
ing at The Steck Yards. kansns CITY and
reported over long distance telephone d.
rect TO the State Journal by Clay Robin
son & Co.. live stock commission uer-
chnntB.l
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

New York. Aug. 6.-Liberty bonds IL 30
a. M: a5z's. 9o.7s; first as, o4.06; second
As, $500; first 4A's, e4.10: second 4K's
a3.44: third AS. $500: fourth 4A's, ss.e0;
Victory 3z's. 99-si: Victory 4%'s. 99s6. .
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

Topeka, Kan. Aug. 6.
HOGS.
IN AKIN 7rfTCHERS &ie 5O67 n q
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

Wall ST.. New York. Avg. 6-STOCKs-
Further recpveries from Mondays extreme
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06
Kansas city Grain and Produce Market.

Kansas City Grain and Produce Market.
Kansas City, Aug. 6.-wHEAT-Cash
Market steady to 4c higher. No. hard,
S2.2OQ222; No. =, $2.16a2.19; No. 1 red,
$2.1S1a; No. 2, $2.16G2.17.
COKN-Market &c to 3lkc higher. No. 2
mixed, $1.S5Q1 ,S6; No. 5, $1.o2@1.S4 No.
= white, $2.0142.02; No. }, $1.96G1. lbs; No.
yellow, $194l1195; No. 3, $1.9Utl 1.9J.
OATS-Market irregular. No. = white.
re; No. mixed, ZIG &c; No. red, T16g
&c.
RYE-$I.4SGL52
KAIR AND MILO MAIZE-$3.52Q3.65.
SHORTS-$2. 100 100.
BRAN-$1.9OQ2.OU.
WHEAT-Receipts 81 cars.
BUTTER-Creamery, unchanged; pack
ing, 1c lower, 1870.
EGGS-Market IIrm. Firsts, 45c; Sec
onds, 36c.
POULTRY-Market 1c to &c lower. Hens,
27c; roosters, 15c; broilers, 80.
CoRN-CIose: September, $LT0A; De
ceInber, $1.51hQ1.5S; May, $1.41h.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06
DAILY WEATHER REJORT.

For the twenty-four hours ending at
n m Weduesday
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

Chicago, Aug. 6.-CORN-Close: Sep
TENDER, $1.e1@ls1A; December, $L51G
151la; May, Sissy.
Der, 7515@7oAc; May, fSHc.
PORk-September, $46.4O.
LARD-September, $31.4O; October, $50. rs
SHORT KIBS-September, N<26.3U.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

Now Demands industrial Free
dom, Union Official Says.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

Jones & Birch. Printers,
923 Kansas Ave.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

Joined with us and represented by
Mr.. Morrison, is the American FEEDER
alton OF Labor. adding three million
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1919-08-06

For the twenty-four hours ending at z
a. m. 18th meridian time. Wednesday
The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1919-08-15
AVERY TRACTOR

IF you want a light, simple, easily
operated tractor, to do your discing
and narrowing and belt work the
Avery $40 will do it.
It has ample power for threshing OF
picking peanuts and will saw wood
grind corn and otherwise tighten your
farm labor. It burns kerosene. We
have been running one for year with
splendid results. The price is $4,000
and we have them in stock.
SHIELDS COMMISSARY
The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1919-08-15
.NoTICE

Having qualified as administrator
Of J. E. Bowers, deceased, late Of Hal
flax County, North Carolina, I hereby
notify all persons having claims again
st the estate Of the said decedent to
resent them, duly verified, to me, or
my attorneys, Kitchin and Smith:
within one year fom the date Of this
notice, or said notice will be pleaded
in bar Of their recovery. All per
sons indebted to said estate will please
make immediate settlement.
This the 18th day of July, 1919.
B. F. Bowers, Administrator
The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1919-08-15
CHILDREN MUST NOT DRIVE
AUTOS

The first of the new state regula-
tions governing automobiles is that
none under the age Of sixteen years
shall drive an automobile, nor anyone
over that age who is not mentally and
hysically capable Of managing a car.
There are som that come under both
these clauses who are running cars
around town, which must be stopped
as the local. authorities are 1nstg uctcd
to regulate this state law.
The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1919-08-15
Scotland Neck Township
1UNnSnIH
North Carolina.
Halifax County.
Albert Weathersby
i VS..
Pieratt Candy Company.
Notice of Summons and
: Warrant Of Attachment

Warrant Of Attachment
The Defendant above named will
take notice, that d summons in the "a
bove entitled action was issued a
gainst the Defendant, on the 28th day
of July, 1919, by J. E. Shields, JUS
tice Of the Peace, of Halifax County,
North Carolina for the sum Of Forty
Five Dollars due Plaintiff by con-
tract, which summons was returnable
before said Justice at his office in
Scotland Neck, said County and State,
on the Goth day Of August, 1919. The
Defendant will also take notice that
a warrant of attachment was issued by
said Justice on said date, returnable
on the goth day Of August, 1919, at
Scotland Neck, when and where the
Defendant is required to appear, and
answer or demur to the complaint, or
the relief demanded will be granted.
This the 28th day Of July, 1919
J. E. SHIELDS, Justice of the Peace.
A. PAUL KITCHIN,
Attorney for Plaintiff.
Once week for four weeks.
The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1919-08-15

Soma have not paid their privilege
licenses, due on July first, ad in COW
sequence are liable to Indictment FOR
doing business without license.
Those who have neglected to get
their license should not delay SIN
gle day as it may cost some money il
it is not attended TO at once
The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1919-08-15
Rat-Snap Beats the Best Trap Ever
/, Made,'' Mrs. Emily Shaw Says.

"My husband bought So trap. I
bought soc box Of RAT-SNAP. The
trap only caught three rates but RAT
SNAP killed II in week. I'm never
without RAT-SNAP. Reckon I could
not raise chicks without it, RAT
SNAP Games in cakes. Three sizes 25c
soc and $1.00. Sold and guaranteed by
R. J. MADRY, Wholesale Grocer, Scot
land Neck, N. G.
The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1919-08-15

THREE JERSEY HEIFER CALVES
that strayed from the pasture of Mr..
Charles Pender. Information from
anyone that has seen, heard or
knows the whereabouts of same, no
tify Mr.. Spooner Dunn and receive
The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1919-08-15

FOR SALE-MY DRIVING HORSE:
Three years old. IF you have $3.50,
you can get him with all the quail
tiles a horse can possess.
G. S. POWELL
Hobgood, North Carolina
The commonwealth. (Scotland Neck, N.C.) 1896-1929, 1919-08-15
We nave taken the agency Tor
SUNBEAM MAZDA LAMPS

Sun BEAM MAZDA LAMPS
-<nd can supply your wants
for electric lights for the home.
From 10 to 100 Watts
n. A. Riddick Motor Car Company
Scotland Neck - North Carolina
New-York tribune., 1919-10-22
France Must Borrow
$4OO, 100000 Yearly
Finance Minister Says 1t Will Be
Some Time Before Budget
Balance Is Reached

PARIS, Oct. 21.-Figures furnished
by M. Klotz, Minister of Finance. in a
concluding debate on finance in the
French Chamber Of Deputies, show that
it will be necessary for France to bor-
row about 2,O00,0OO,00O francs (nomi-
nally $40O,0O0,0 ,000) year in the course
of the next few years to balance its
budget The bill authorizing the first
loan, N. Klotz stated, would be pre-
sented in January or February.
The minister declared that govern
mcnt receipts were showing an encour-
aging increase above the budget esti-
mates for revenue in 1919-roughly
10000, 100000 francs-and that there
was 10 doubt that the country could
support an increase of so per cent over
present taxation. France, therefore, had
the means OF restoring In time budget
equilibrium between receipts and ex-
penditures, and this the country was
determined to do. Those who during
the war had not borne their share of
taxation would row be able to do so.
NJ. Klotz said France is still the great
est creditor country in the world.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-22
Central Leather Earns $8.63
A Share OH Stock in Quarter.

The Central Leather Company re-
turned a surplus after charges and
Federal taxes of $4,O12,195 for the
quarter ended September 80, 1919,
equivalent after the deduction of $685.
1872 in preferred dividends, to $3.50 a
share earned on the $397O1, ,O31 COM
mon NOR stock, which compares with ST.
23g',345, or 1921 share in the pre-
ceding quarter and 81 ,909,163, or 1884
share in the third quarter Of 1918.
Total earnings of all properties after
deductlng operating expenses and pro-
vision for taxes were $5,s1s,596. an
increase of S2,255,sS2 over the CORE
spending quarter of the preceding year
Balance after general expenses, etc,
was $4,459,6S7, to which other income
Of s12,o59 was added, bringing the
total to $4,471.746 Holders Of the
common stock received s1,29o,279 in
dividend disbursements, the same
amount as was shared in the same
period of 1918. After a,l charges and
expenses, surplus for the quarter was
$2,l99184, or S2,103,O32 greater than
the three months ended September 40
1919.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-22
Says Sugar Prices
Will Remain High
Exporter Sees Prosperity Ahead
For Cuba for Several
Years

Cuba presents almost unlimited ex-
port possibilities for American manu-
facturers Of all sorts of products with
the exception Of those useful only in
cold climates, according to Fred s.
Phillips, Of the Frank Robins Company
speaking yesterday before meeting
of the Export Managers Club, Of New
York. Mr.. Phillips, who has spent
years in Cuban trade, said that the
worldwide shortage Of sugar would
continue to bring prosperity to Cuba
With the beet sugar producing cen
tres Of Europe out of commission and
the world consuming more sugar than
ever before, he believes that Cuban
sugar will bring high prices for several
years to come. He advocated direct
representation in Cuba, backed up by
advertising for exporters desiring to
capture the Cuban market, except in
the case Of staple goods, the demand
for which already is existent.
Methods of obtaining cooperation be-
twen the export manufacturers and
commission houses wa. discussed by
the members of the club. 1t was de-
cided to have the members offer sug-
gestions on the subject to committee
to be appointed to confer with a SINH
lar committee representing the commits
sion houses.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-22

phenomenal. Advances % from N -
20 cents a yard over last week's oro
tations did not deter free purhss;Suos
Little material for immediate dat..s.
can be found in the hands ~ 80,
agents and 1t is difficult 70 locst..
sellers who have anything mors e..
spring TO offer. Jobbers are doine ~.
bulk of the business. but their stosss
are dwindling rapidly under the Ss set;Ss
demand "S'''s
Garment manufacturers a;A nu,.h..
ing little or nothing. Trade i.sdsS.
explain the present situation nv 40
refusal of the women to purchsas .as
ready made garments at present h;ns
price and their turning TO the nrr
chasing Of yard goods and the .ery;ca,
OF the dressmaker or homo sewing ss
an alternative. "'
The swing to the great demand by
the retail trade has led mill agents 70
cater more to this class. Some mirls
are bringing out greater VARIETY az
colors to please the retail trade, wh;ch
demands wider diversity of shade,
than do the garment manufacturer
Raw silk continued TO advance :,
the. ,ocal market, although mills srs ~
buying less now than a week ago TIL
best raw silk at more than $40 y
pound does not look attractive to mills
most of whom have sufficient stock,
on hand to run them through tho re-
mainder of this year. With raw silk
the highest 1t ever has been. the
mill owners prefer to wait FOR tnrn
in the market before purchasing mors
of the raw product.
New-York tribune., 1919-10-22
Oil Buys
Louisiana PrOuerties

The Sinclair Consolidated Oil Cor
poration announced yesterday that it
had acquired the Wrightsman oil pro-
ducing properties in the Bull Bayou
field of Louisiana, known as the John
son Hollingsworth and Polly leases.
These, together with the properties
already owned in this section, give
the Sinclair organization a large per
centage Of the producing acreage there.
A standard eight-inch pipe line will
be built from the Sinclair properties
near Shreveport to the Sinclair re-
fnery on the Houston ship canal, q
distance of about $50 miles. This line,
it is announced, will have a carrying
capacity of about 10000 barrels Of
New Sinclair Consolidated directors
announced yesterday are A E. Watts,
Joseph M. Cudahy. NJ. L. Requa, Frank
Steinhart, E. W. Sinclair, William P.
Philips, Samuel L. Fuller. J. Fletcher
Farrell and r. T. Wilson. These men
were elected TO succeed G. D. Wahl-
berg, R. w. Ragland, K. Porter, D. l..
Hooper, G. A. Lockhardt, jr., II. w.
Kenwell. A. Steinmetz and 0. NJ. Gers
tung. successor TO the late James
N. Wallace will be elected at q sub
Sequent meetinp
New-York tribune., 1919-10-22
Investment Bankers
vor Railroads
Privately Owned
Meet King Albert and Prom
ise They VIII Recommend
Belgian Bond Purchases;
Urge U. S. Blue Sky Law

ST. LOUIS, Oct 21-The investment
Bankers Association Of America, in
session here to-day adopted reports
urging private ownership Of railroads
and other public service corporations
and national legislation to protect IN
vestors from swindlers.
King Albert of Belgium, who was
a visitor here to-day, in an interview
with officers Of the association, asked
about foreign and domestic securities
The bankers assured him they would
recommend purchase Of Belgium bonds
in gratitude to Belgium's war record
TO which the King replied: "Oh, that
is splendid, and | can assure you that
our securities are good and that they
Will be paid
Edmund 7. Perkins, president Of the
National Drainage Congress, In an ad
dress said there were more than 400,-
100000 unproductive acres Of land ir
this country because Of aridity anG
overhows, and requested the bankers tt
assist the congress in making this
land productive.
ut costs sle2, 100000 annually tc
fight disease caused by these condi.
tions," he declared.
In the report OF the railroad securi
ties committee, it was declared tha
governn ent ownership or operation OF
the railroads had proved impracticable
as "attested by the general public" L
predicted Consolidation Of the strong
and weak railroads would prove Tho
greatest step forward in solving the
transportation problems"
Federal protection to the investor
was advocated in the legislation com
mittee's report, and the "blue sky
laws in many states, designed to pro
tect investors, were denounced as ex-
pensive and as hinderance to the
sale of legitimate stocks and bonds
The report stated no amount of gooc
could be accomplished until such laws
were made uniform.
The Federal stock publicity act ant
the Simmons bill pending in the House
and Senate, respectively. will not
curb fraudulent brokers from preyine
on the public, the report stated, as
they seek frauds in issues of capita
stock only, whereas the same offense:
in other securities also should be con
trolled by Federal enactment"
Popular investment in Public Ser
vice Corporations as means of build
ing up the companies and keeping
down their expenses was urged in the
report of the committee on Public
Service securities
New-York tribune., 1919-10-22
Pratt Blames Banks for
Foreign Credit Situation
Says They Must ''Put Up or
Shut Up" to Keep Trade
Going

Blame for the lack of heavy Ameri-
can export trade to the new countries
Of Europe and to the Central Powers
was laid at the door of the United
States Government and our financial
institutions by DR.. E. E. Pratt in an
address last night at the opening of
the New York Foreign Round Table
at the Chemists Club. Dr. Pratt for
merly was chief of the Bureau of For
eign and Domestic Commerce, Depart
ment of Commerce, but now heads an
export company under his own name.
The low rate of foreign exchange,
according to DR.. Pratt, is an indication
of our weakness and shows our failure
to meet financial situation. Our
Government, he said, during and since
the war neglected our foreign trade
in sharp contrast to the policy OF the
British Government In referring to
banks that have advocated foreign
trade in speeches and advertising, he
said at is now the time for them to
put up or shut up. They have it in
their power to expand, restrict or stop
our trade to any part of the world"
Germany is recovering from the war
more rapidly than any other country
in Europe, according to Dr.. Pratt. Ger
man manufacturers are offering goods
on long credit and arc promising
prompt delivery to the countries sur
rounding her. Germany will take
away certain of Our best carkets il
we continue to increase our costs and
raise our prices, he asserted. He
called attention to the official publ
cation of statistics showing that
British trade with Germany through
Cologne in July and August of this
year was more than during the entire
year previous to the war
New-York tribune., 1919-10-22
Small Orders Placed
For Women7s Garments
Manufacturers See Many Signs
That Women Have Baked
at High Prices

Small orders placed with wholesalers
the trade believes, by the colder
weather now prevailing, yesterday
heartened some manufacturers. The
number and size Of the orders, how
ever, were not sufficient to instill op-
timism regarding future business this
season. More and more large manu-
facturers are coming to the opinion
that the women of the country have
balked at present high prices and that
the stocks which retailers have on
hand will move out slowly and will
be sufficient for their requirements in
most cases until time for showing
spring garments.
Retailers are offering price conces-
sions to induce trade now and many
of them are combing the wholesale
market for "jobs" with which to aver
age up their stocks for these sales.
Except in rare cases, no great accu-
mutation of ready-made garments can
be found. Jobs appear to be more
plentiful in dresses and waists than
facturers, who saw indications of q
slack period coming some timo ago,
decided to stop cutting into their
piece goods on hand They are holding
these fabrics, they say, for use during
tho coming spring season or perhaps
next fall The lighter weight goods,
particularly worsteds, such as twills,
serges, poplins and tricotines, can be
used In making spring garments.
Manufacturers are not offering their
piece goods for sale to any great ex-
tent, primarily for the reason that no
market for them exists at present