Bisbee daily review., 1919-03-20
DEBATE ON LEAGUE
 OF NATIONS HEARD
 BY 5000 IN BOSTON
Senator Lodge and President Lowell of Harvard Are
 Speakers
oContlnued from Page onel

can" and frequently had been in agree ment with Senator Lodge, he could not agree with his views on the league of nations covenant anl still less with those of-his senatorial colleagues.
 Dr. Lowell maintained the correct ness of the covenant in principle, argu- ing that while very defective in it's drafting" and easily misunderstood" it should be accepted and improved" '" He described it as an experiment in open diplomacy.
 To meet certain objections raised, Dr. Lowell advocated the insection of clauses in the covenant permitting withdrawals from the league on req sonable notice, stipulating that no for eign powers shall acquire any posses sions on the American continents and making it perfectly clear that immi- grafton and tariff problems are to be regarded as purely internal affairs.
 Gov. Coolidge Presides 2 Gov Calvin Coolidge presided, in troduced the speakers and held the watch. Senator Lodge led off, speak ing for an hour. He received a noisy reception and was interrupted with applause.
 Senator Lodge, in opening his ar gument said that he was not against a league of nations. but was anxious to have the free nations of the world unite to secure peace and bring about "a general disarmament" He also de- nied the charge of inconsistence be cause of speeches in 1915 and 1916, favoring fin general a league of na- tions. ssT-l,,, .,,,os-.;~,, baeoro me Senator Lodge said, the only question of practical nature, is whether the league that has been drafted by the commis sion of the peace conference and laid before it, will tend to secure the peace it is just and fair to the United States of America"
 In answer to the charge that there had been no constructive criticism of the league of nations, Senator Lodge exclaimed:
 My first constructive criticism is that this covenant ought, to be re- drafted" This is essential, he added, because the sanctity of treaties is vital above all else
 pr. Lowell laid the premises for his argument by asserting that to be eff q vent war must provide for compulsory arbitration with penalties for the of fender that no nation would venture to incur Punishment should be meted out not by a council of the league but automatically by the agreed and i'm mediate attitude of the members of the league who had bound themselves to resist the aggressOr. Then he an alyZed the proposed covenant to es- tablish that. though there were faults in the drafting. it offered the mini mum essentials of an effective anti war league
 Pact Misunderstood
 "The covenant of Paris he said, ''is very defective in its drafting. It is easily misunderstood, and has in fact been widely misunderstood. Let us remember that in its present shape it is intended only as a draft subject to correction"
 He summarized the provisions of the covenant and concluded that the obligations assumed by the members of the league were ito do, or abstain from, definite acts, either continuous ly, or on the happening of events de scribed; never under the orders, or. by
  The members agree to preserve one another's integrity and independence absolutely, not because directed to do so by the league
 "On the other hand he continued, the executive council is limited to consultation, and recommendations which the members of the league are under no obligation to accept
 No Authority Given
 "The fear of super-sovereign body, to which we are asked to sacrifice our independence, is the creation of an overloaded imagination No organ of the league has any authority to give commands to this country that need give us a moments anxiety. The only substantial powers that any such body is to possess, beyond making recon mendatiOns, are derived from an unan- imOus decision in an international dis pute from an unanimous decision in an international dispute, contrary to which a nation may not go to war; and from the right to forbid an increase in armaments or to direct the duties of a mandate III case we first agree to the reduction of aTmaments, or to the assumption of the mandate"
 Sums Up Arguments
 MT Lowell summed up his review of the league in these words:
 The strength of such a league lies in the obligations assumed directly by the several members Of the league and this is both the most effective and least adventurous method of pre- venting war.
 The opponents of the league" he continued. "set up an imaginary scare crow of their own creation and then fired at it with great satisfaction tc themselves If the United States is not subject to the orders of executive council. it is senseless to talk of Oui being ruled by a body in which we have only one vote out of nine.
 He discussed the various objections that had been raised, saying in part
 An objection brought forward bl the opponents of the league is tha Asiatic immigration, the policy of