Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1919-03-18

State and Belgium should be personal
he being the ruler of both. Finally, II
1908 due largely to the abuses whicl
prevailed, this international state wa
converted outright into a Belgian col
ony, subject, however, not to the per
sonal rule of the King, but to Parlia
ment. All these lster changes in th'
status Of the state were either &C
quiesced in or recognized by the pow
ers. The reason Is not far to seek
The Association made DEGREES, but Il
provided no machinery for the en-
forcement of them. The DEGREES
therefore, remained unfulfilled, ant
the state, quickly ceasing to be inter.
national, monopolies were granted
the natives shamefully exploited and
the country practically closed to other
nations.
The Case of Egypt
Egypt is another case of interna.
tional control-in this instance dual
control-which, assumed by the force
OF circumstances and those circum-
stances threatening European bank
ruptcy, failed to work well. The then
Sir Alfred Milner, after studying the
condition the country had been re-
duced to by the extravagances and
misrule of Ismail Pasha, declared that
it had no parallel in the financial his
tory of any country. Owing to the
extraordinary increase of the Egyp-
tian debt, in spite Of loans raised
mainly in France and England, the
governments Of these two countries
intervened in the interest Of the in
vestors and succeeded in imposing
their control over a large part Of the
financial administration. This dual
control lasted from 1879 to 1883. Ger
tain elements of the population strug-
gled against 1t, apd the bitter hatred
inspired by this intervention Of the
foreigners" flared up in a native
movement that had as its war cry
Egypt for the Egyptians" ard as its
sequel the unsuccessful revolt under
Arab Pasha. The control could only
be perpetuated by the suppression OF
Arabi. To withdraw after that defeat
would have been to leave the country
a prey to anarchy. To remain, how
ever. was certainly to offend other
European powers, who would look up
on the act as another piece OF British
aggression. France had declined the
offer to cooperate with Great Britain
and had withdrawn. Great Britain
therefore, decided to remain in the
capacity Of adviser" The unhappy
dual control came to an end, and
Great Britain, left alone, began that
process Of reconstruction and reform
which has been proceeding ever since
= International control has had fur
ther unfortunate illustration in the
case of the island Of Crete, which In
1897 rose in insurrection against the
rule of Turkey. Greece was easily
defeated, and was forced to cede GER
tain parts of Thessaly to Turkey and
70 give up the project OF the annexa-
ton Of Crete. After long negotiation
among the powers, the island was
made autonomous under the suzer.
ainty of the Sultan, and the direct
administration of Prince George Of
Greece. The high commissioner, OF
chief executive, was appointed by the
King of Greece with the assent Of the
four protecting powers. Great Britain
France, Russia and Italy. Questions
concerning the foreign relations OF
Crete were determined by the repre-
sentatives of these powers. In 1913
following the successful campaign OF
Bulgaria against Turkey, Crete was
ceded to the great powers and little
later It was incorporated in the king
dom of Greece. The Crete question
thus happily left the troubled stage
Of international politics.
The Albanian Dispute
International control in the case OF
little Albania practically sprang up on
the day when both Austria Hungary
and Italy endeavored to interfere in
the proposals of the Balkan powers to
divide the country among themselves
Serbia, to mention only one instance
wanted her little window" Of Durazzc
on the Adriatic. But the dual Mon
archy and Italy had important politi-
cal and economic interests at stake
and opposed. the plan vigorously. The
rest of the great powers thereupon in
tervened and erected a portion Of AL.
bania into an autonomous principal.
ity under their protection. BY series
Of arrangements during 1912 and 1918
the territory which formerly passed
under the generic name Of Albania
was distributed to Montenegro, Serbia
and Greece. BY this arrangement
Serbia received Monastir and Greece
Janina, whilst to Albania was guar.
anteed Scutari, Alessio, Durazzo and
Avlona. Both republican and mon
archical forms Of government were
set up. But an international commits
sion Of control was formed at Valona
consisting of six members, one each
from. Austria, Italy, Russia, Great
Britain, France, and Germany. The
powers invited Prince Frederick Will
liam of Wied to assume the crown Of
the pr!ncipality. He accepted-ano
fled, and the war put an end to the
existence Of the international COM
mission to control and incidentally, te
the autocratic governments of three
of the participants.
AirpIane Regulation.-President VIII
son, in submitting to the house to-
night recommendations Of the nation
al advisory committee for aeronautics
for legislation placing the licensing
and regulation of aerial navigation in