davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
MUST Be GIVEN
] SPEEDY TRIAL

Bismarck, N D. Nov. G. Paramount
to all talk around the capitol is the ar
gument on whether or not the special
Legislative session called for Noyem-
bers26 will take up impeachment
charges against LANCER, Hall and Ko-
SsitZkyS Brinton= zat a special secret
meeting of the moguls of the Post
Dated Check suggested Impeachment,
then adjournment before the senate
could consider, thus leaving the posi-
tions vacant to be flied by Governor
Frazier for the coming year for A. C.
Townley
Lawyers who have investigated this
plan declare il to be very clever until
one considers the law-the constitu-
ton Of the state in fact. For that
much riddled document declares that
a man held under criminal charges
shall be granted speedy hearing. On
civil suits the constitution declares
trial shall be had without undue delay
Impeachment charges are held to be of
a quasi-criminal character, and there
fore under the constitution such a de-
lay as advocated by the political in
triguers would be decidedly illegal.
Whether or not the Big Five will at
tempt to shove over the impeachment
plan in the face of the constitution is
question. OF course they have a
majority of the supreme court, still
with the temper Of some Of the former
stand pat legislators at question,
there is a doubt expressed as 70 the
possibility.
1t is further pointed out that the
Towner County election will, If the
law is observed prove Of little benefit to
the Townley forces i1iasmuch rs the
law provides the county canvassing
board must act, then the state can
yassing board and then the official
must qualify. It is argued that ten
days will elapse before the expected
League senator would be seated. Tho
Town election is set for the same day
as the session is called.
In the call for session the governor
cites ratification Of women's suffrage,
changes in the soldier bonus law, re-
lief for drought stricken farmers, and
to league program legis-
lation as the reason for the call.
Ways and meas Of raising money to
carry on the state business pending
the receipt of the taxes in March is
one point which is not mentioned, but
which must have its full share of at
tention.
There are rumors in circulation
that if the Impeachment charges are
not forthcoming, there will be legisla.
tion removing LANCER, Hall and Kosit-
zky from the banking board, the aud
iting board, the board of administra.
tion and various other important
trusts. Tie their hands one way or an.
other is the Townley slogan.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
kUBANKA DURUM MAKES GOOD
vA M0D-L nAHNTA

The State Experiment Station De-
partment has been conducting tests of
several varieties of wheat at the Fargo
Experiment Station as we'll as at the
sub-stations located in different parts
of the state. Some of these tests
have been conducted for more than
ten years and the records show that
the Kubanka Durum has given better
average yield than any wheat at the
Fargo Experiment Station and also at
all the sub-experiment stations ex
cept one.
1t has heretofore been recommended
that state wide campaign be con-
ductei TO give this information to the
farmers and also assist them in secur-
ing seed of this variety at reasonable
price.
A large qantity OF this wheat has
been raised the last few years in
Cavalier county and the State Agri.
cultural College has now got man in
that territory looking up supplies of
Kubanka wheat.
The county agricultural agent in
each county will have charge Of distri-
buting the wheat in his county. The
wheat is to be sold at cost. o: in other
words our farmers will pay the price
;:aid the Cavalier county farmers plus
freight and necessary handling ex-
penses.
Before ary Of the wheat is sold to
us It must pass the inspection of the
State Seed Testing Laboratory.
The Agricultural college recon-
n ends that when a farmer buys this
seed he should get enough to seed an
entire field. Small orders are not re-
commended because of. the difficulty
Of separate threshing on small plots.
IT is also recommended that this wheat
be planted if possible on ground that
was not in wheat or barley this year.
The plan is to have orders for at
least carload before any Of the wheat
will 1be shipped into any one Of our QUIZ
towns. -.
If interested. write, stating how
much wheat you can use.
A. L. NORLING, County Agri. Agent.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
Many Receiving Education BY State
Bonus

BONUS
Bismarck, N. D. Nov. 6-Approxi-
mately 500 Of the returned North Da-
kota soldiers, sailors or marines are
attending one or another of the
schools in the state, tuition, board
laundry or room-free through the ar
ralrfement made by Arjutant General
G. Angus Fraser that their claims for
b mus be assigned to the educational
institution. General Fraser has draSt-
eI Ii substitute bill to the pres ent
soldiers bonus law, which will be pre-
sented to the legislative committee Of
the American Legion named at the re-
cent state convention. This contem-
plates number of changes such as
the use Of money to enter business or
to buy tools for craftsmen. Meanwhile
about 500 are receiving the benefit Of
the law at the Agricultural college,
Fargo; the state school of forestry,
Bottineau; the normal schools at FL
lendale, Dickinson, MayWille, Minot
and Valley City; the university, Grand
Forks; the school of Science at Wah-
peton; as we'll as the Fargo School Of
Auto and Gas Engineering. the Fargo
School of Business, the Hanson Auto
school, Fargo; and Concordia College.
Moorhead: .,>
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Miss Florence Indseth and Harris
Robinson were married Wednesday
evening October Goth at Fargo. The
ceremony was performed in the Epis.
copal Chapel by Rev. Martyr, an old
time friend of the groom's parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robinson then departed
for Grand Forks and Oslo, Minn., for
a visit at the home of Mr.. Robinson's
parents. They also attended the
Grand Forks University Homecoming,
of which institution Mr.. Robinson Is a
graduate. They returned home Mon
day morning. Mrs. Robinson is we'll
known and popular Washburn girl,
living for the past seven years here,
coming to this place from Sioux Falls,
s. D. She attended school here and
later worked as bookkeeper with the
Register of Deeds, also for a time as
Deputy Treasurer. A short while
prior to her marriage Mrs. Robinson
held office as Deputy County Auditor.
Mr.. Robinson is Superintendent Of
Highways Of this county and is a man
of splendid character. Mr.. and Mrs.
Robinson were active in all social af-
fairs, Mrs. Robinson being a talented
musician; and Mr. Robinson !. taking
active part In athletic work. 49,:
The best of wishes and congratula-
tions are extended to +, this young
couple by their many friends.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
Mo Such Thind.

Bismarck, N. D. Nov. 81 see
where the Saturday Evening Post has
an article which refers to speech
this guy Townley made at Chicago
boosting the Russian form Of govern
ment," said H. F. Kane, Ashland, Wis,
who was on his way home from ST.
IBERIA. Listen Buddy there amt no
such thing as Russian government.
We used to have to patrol VladivOstok
day and night and then every morning
send out the dead cart to collect the
stiffs murdered the night before. The
Cossacks and the Boshevicks are just
about the same and the game seems to
be to see who can kill off the most.
seen all of Bolshevism or any other
kind Of Russian system ever want to
see. Any time any bird in North Da-
kota or any place else talks about the
fine ideas in Bolshevism you put him
down as nut"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
RED CROSS ROLL. CALL
The Third Red Cross Roll Call is on

The Third Red Cross Roll Call is on
in full swing over the County.
The Max Branch went over the top
with membership Of 142. S magazine
subscriptions and a ten dollar donation
from the Loyal Legion, their quota be-
ing but 135 memberships This re-
port reached the Chapter Office the
evening Of the 5th being The first re-
port received. Mrs. P. E. Whitesef Of
Max is in charge of the drive in that
vicinity and much credit is due her
for this fine showing.
The following are the Campaign
Managers for the different localities.
Benedict Mr. Gale; Blue Hill, Mrs.
Geo. Robbins; Coleharbor. Mr.. Robt
Petron: Dogden, Mr.. Pence AZ: sNlboe
woods, Mr. Jermark; GRrriso
W. McGray: Max, Mrs! BE
sci: Mercer, James Rice; Hidden
Wood, Mrs. Geo. Smith; Russo, Col. L.
Moe; Raub, Jacob Raub; Roseglen,
Mr.. Corners; Turtle Lake. MN. Lier-
Doe; Underwood, Otto Eiseman; Wash
burn, Emanuel Schultz: Wilton. G. w.
Stewart,
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
DISSENT OPINION OF
MAJORITY MEMBERS

Bismarck N. D.. Nov. 6-What is
held to be one of the most startling
defectiors in the ranks OF the league
Officials in recent months came to a
head Saturday when Justice Luther E..
Birdzell Of the. supreme court in a dis
i}sentingv opinion in the @SeandinaEiaDS
American Bank case, flays the major
ity members of the court. Bronson,
Robinson and Grace, for their estab.
lishment of precedent without prece-
dent. Judge Birdzell does not mince
matters in his opinion. but writes a
scathing indictment Of the opinions of
men who would ignore the constitution
of the state. ignore the Magma Charta,
ignore all tradition and conduct a
trial by affidavit and Injunction deny
ing the right of the defendants to
place witnesses on the stand and Sc.
cure their testimony under oath.
His opinion which covers seventeen
typewriter pages bristles with his re-
sentiment at the overturning of law
and order. Referring to the system
"nder which the bank case was con-
Quoted he says IF considerations Of
this character are made controlling,
then trials by injunction will become
the accepted rule instead Of the odious
exemption.
q htle+ the justice does not specifi-
'cally uphold the members of the Bank
ing Board for the hction, nor enter into
the merits Of the case, and while he
passes by the point Of the validity of
post-dated checks as too puerile for
discussion. he does hold to be legal
every point contended for by the mem.
bers Of the banking board in the hear
ing before the supreme court
He cites case after case in the North
Dakota supreme court files. and in the
files of other states, showing that the
supreme court did not have jurisdic.
ton, but declares that waving the
point of jurisdiction. the defendants
were denied their right to a trial by
due process of law, and in point place
declares that mo trial has been had"
Judge Christianson also has written
dissent which has not been made
public
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
Admits There Was No Politics

Bismarck N. d. Nov. 61Although
T. ]. Krause. a Mandan attorney who
was Governor Frazier's referee in the
custer proceedings at Beach brought
against States Attorney r. F. Gallagher
and Sheriff John Pierzina, some three
weeks ago told newspaper man that
there was no politics connected with
the Bowen murder at Beach; that
there had been mistake made, and
that they should have kept their hands
off, he refused to let testimony to
that effect be introduced at the hear
ing the past week.
However, Attorney J. F. Sullivan of
Mandan, and Attorneys Murtha and
Burnett of Dickinson. appearing for
the ousted officials, made offers Of
testimony to prove the case of citizens
back OF the prosecution. Their offers
which are a part of the record of the
referees hearing made attack on Sea-
man Smith, the governors special in
vestigator of the Bowen murder and a
one-time sheriff Of Golden Valley cour-
ty, later transportation officer of the
state. The attorneys for the defense
offered to place on the stand Mrs.
)ulos 1 ICLlh " prove ludl WQllG
Smith was at Beach ostensibly to in
vestigate the Bowen murder, he at
tempted a criminal assault upon her
while she was looking over Smiths
house with the view of buying it.
Their offers also included the proof
that whie Smith was sheriff he sold
liquor and also ran a gambling game
at his house, taking a rake-off from
the players.
At the close of the hearing the at
torneys offered to prove by various
witnesses that no one in politics was
responsible for the Bowen murder;
that the Bowen-Offley feud dated back
several years before there was such an
organization as the non partisan league
that both mer had been members and
workers for the league and both voted
the league ticket that the whole custer
proceedings against the sheriff and
states attorney was cooked up and
that therein was the only politics.
/ However, the attorneys. were denied
the privilege of placing the witnesses
on the stand. Governor Frazier now
has the whole transcript of the testi-
mOny. 1t is stated that If Gallagher
and Pierzina are reinstated in office
the governor must white-wash Attor-
ney LANCER of the charges made
against him in connection with the
Bowen murder.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
pETELARSON DIES

Pete Larson, pioneer farmer living
nine miles northeast of Wilton, WAS
found dead in his bachelor home Sun
day evening by Anthony Erickson, who
resides about mile flom the Larson
farm.
Mr..~Larson had large numbeR. OF
cats about the place and they had
eaten all the flesh from the face OF the
dead man, presenting a most grew
some sight when found.
He owned q 400 acre farm and bad =
large number Of cattle. "@' !
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
GARAGE WILL EXCHANGE HANDS

GARAGE WILL EXCHANGE HANDS
BY the middle of November a deal
expects to be closed in which the three
Robinson boys, Harris, Earl and W. H.
will become the owners Of the Gala
ham Garage.
Since the death of F.. A. Callahan,
Mrs. Callahan has managed the busl-
ness, with the assistance of her bro
ther, Roy Indseth, but just recently
the Robinson boys decided they would
go into the business, and contracted
to buy the place. Earl, who is now To-
Gated at Minot, will have charge Of the
business, as he is an experienced ma
chinist along this line. The other
two boys will continue for the present
in their own profession, Harris, county
superintendent of.htghways, and n, IA,
state engineer at Bismarck 'ih;:s. I. ~
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
***.:*:.s*s.*:.:*********:*s
JUST TRY ONE ONCE!

SOLD! Was the way Karl
Klein. of the Klein Land Company
put it when he told the Leader
management to discontinue his lit
tho Want Ad of farm he had for
sale.
If you haven't tried one and
have something to sell or some
thing you wish to buy, just call
Phone and have US place little
Want Ad in the Leader for you.
They cost so little yet they got you
results.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
+ !. ~
+ $48, 900, And What Are You
T. ~axs;.n c.. 40 .

s $4,000, And What Are You
Il Getting For 1t?
4 Do you see any increase in taxes
* for 1919? Figure it up.
: And here is the story from
y Pierce county, according to the
II Tribune at Rugby:
* IN 1918 Pierce county paid in
" taxes, $22,400
4 In 1919, including 3 cents per
\ acre, they will pay S70,267
This increase is approximately
Il 214 pct.
Who pays this extra S48,0OO,
+ asks The Tribune, and what are
YOU getting for it?
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
MAY REPEAL ANTi-ClGARETTE
law

Bismarck, N. D. Nov. 6-That the re-
peal of the anti-cigarette law ana the
substitution therefore OF high license
to tobacco vendors dealing In cigar
cites and a sewers penalty for sale or
cigarettes to minors will be taken be-
fore the special session OF the legisla-
ture is the current report.
It is argued by those opposing the
slaw that 29,600 soldiers, sailors or
marines from North Dakota are en-
titled to smoke what they choose and
further that there are 100000 cigarette
smokers in the state; that North Da~
kota is one Of two states In the union
which has a prohibitory law on cigar
cites while all others have repealed
their anti-pill legislation and substi-
tuted licensed sale.
The work of the attorney generals
office during the past six months when
over 300 violators Of the law have been
arrested and paid fines and been given
suspended Jail sentences to be served
for further law violation, has made 1T
extremely difficult to secure cigarettes
in many sections Of the state, and con-
sequently there has been tremendous
roar.
The North Dakota Law Enforcement
league officers insist that insofar as
the service men are concerned many
are opposed to the cigarette and thou
sands have quit smoking them since
returning from the government service
They point to the fact that the Amer
lean Legion convention voted down a.
resolution that the legion institute q
referendum Of the cigarette, Sunday
baseball. Sunday theatre and other
blue Sunday" laws.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07

Don't be "A. w. O. L. at the Red
Cross Roll Call.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07

Thirty thousand soldiers are stu In
hospitals. Don't forget them.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07

!. When faller needs . friend. call
the Red Cross. t5Ss,s; s%s !;
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
Elsie Peterson
Louise Ankerman
LlOYd IIillastrand

Elsie Peterson
Louise Ankerman
Lloyd Lillestrand
Anabel Steinmetz
Pauline Blaisdell
A!freida Krueger
Eleanor Lamb
Alice Iverson
A. M. Sullivan
Geo. Smith
Ruby Fisher
Josephine Fitzgerald
M. H. Graham
Gladys Pearce
O. w. Agre
Nellie. Hubbert
! Rose Coil
Eta Webster
!. Florence Garske s,.;
Mary Berger sf..i
Hazel. Mcintosh ieH,
~ zlt-fhs
RI. Mason, u 4
Total: =. S: = 49,. :.,s-
(, :, & aeaARI. 3
OCT ss.:1s;1:s' j: =
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
RATE OF YEARLY


payroll. :,
NAME RATE OF VI
SALARY
= r. w. Cathro SIC
-. r. Waters {
Robert Blakemore {
j. A. McGovern :
w. A. Anderson :
Fred Breimer
M. J. Englert 4
Frank T. Lembke 4
F. J. Graham
J. II. Worst
%. S. Morris :
c. E. Stangland 8
Lorne Wilde 8
w. S. Stratton 3
o. B. Lund !
Herbert A. Hard )
N. C. Macdonald :
Mrs. N. G. Macdonald z
c. E. Cavette 3
R. M. Halliday J
. L. P. McAneny 3
Pearl A. Benson )
S. ]. Boyd :
w. J. Prater )
L. A. Baker 2
J. L. EIallstrom 2
George Totten 3
Robert T. Muir !
J.S.Johnson 2
C. E. Vanhorne 2
C. M: Holbert 2
John B. Adams
"A. f. Snyder 2
A. w. Lueh.s 2
E. P. Grain 2
John Hanwell 2
S. S: Mcdonald 2
L. j. Wehe z
c. G. Boise 2
M. S. Hagan 2
Johnny Brown 2
H. D. Bangert 2
Jas. Curran z
v. E. Smart 2
J. w. Greenfield 2
L. A. Berry 2
&. Gordon Cox 2
&C. II. tGutman 2
Jos. .Coughlan 2
L & Ed. Olson sy:;t4 .,yy:;t:ss.t,,. .s..., 2
4 w. II. Patrick 1
l, Jacob RothschilIer T., 1
' Frank s. Fair /
Alfhied Alison
e. E. Watson /
Milford e. Tyson i
w. E. Robinson /
Asa Brainard !
Eaul M. Jewell
Chas. G. Connolly /
c. Staley l
George w. Shivly /
W. e. Runey I
Seaman Smith /
]. H. Taner i
Geo. Lund /
- Malie Townsend /
w. c. Bender /
Nellie s. Mari /
A. s. Erickson /
Geo. keenan, ]
William Meyer /
H. Vanderbeck ..> L
Nan Lineburgr /
B. J. Monaghan /
ALI. S. Dale l.
Melvin McGuigan l.
6. A. Rudrud l.
Carl A. Christianson l.
Theodore Martell l.
B. c. Okert l.
D. p. Miller l.
Hazel Farkasch l.
Florence McDougall /
M. V. Miller l.
r. r. Smith l.
Christ F. Towne l.
o. A. Wilkinson /,
J. G. Murray l,
Nagdaline Horner /
Wallie Durham !,
Helen Holland l,
Sigrid Alison /,
Wiltshire Young l,
Harry Deuce I,
H. P. Knappen I,
J. J. Flanagan /,
H. c. Edblom /,
G. N. Rogers /,
J. M. Dutee Il,
j. A. Prescott II,
H. B. Fast I.
H. v. Williams I,
w. A. Meddaugh 1,
Mrs. ]. w. McGuiness 1,
N. O. Watson /,
o. L. Anthony 1,
J. P. Williams l,
Mary Sheehan l,
Beecher Stair l,
Chas. Martin /,
Jennie Minder /,
Cara M. Johnson 1,
Esther Baarson /,
Margaret Marshall l,
Mrs. Rose Keller l,
Mrs. Sadie Dodd /,
Ruth Rodney I,
Janet e. Forgarty l,
Daisy Bean !,
" Martha Berkey 1,
C. e. Stackhouse , /,
w. L. Sherwin T. ~ I,
T. p. Mckee r. I,
Katherine Ehli;., I,
Josephine Forgarty 49, 1,
Ella p; Rudrud K |,
Z Hilda Tiegan :s% JSs@7,1> - /,
10 Mnf0SnalA
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
BANK BONDS RE-
FUSED IN EAST

ote"art & Co., anG ~. K. Compton
Company, eastern 'ond houses have
refused to buy the bonds of the state
of North Dakota because of the "un-
settled conditions within tho state"
This announcement is rather boom
erang which has returned and deliver
ed hard blow at Townley e. Co. Off
cials OF the bank of North Dakota over
month ago announced that 81, 900 ,00e
, worth of bonds had been sold to east
ern houses and urged farmers to buy
some and keep them at home.
The Heena Independent commenting
on the deal says: This whole bond
deal, including the positive announce
ment that the bonds had been sold,
is typical Of the methods used by A. C.
Towpley and his Nonpartisan League
officials in North Dakota, to bleed the
farmers.
Town}ey and his gang were selling
4 few of the bonds of North Dakota
bank series and Offering few Of the
real estate series, to the farmers of
the state and securing a premium on
them. charging the farmers above par
But there was just a little doubt in
the minds of the people Of North Dako-
ia as to the value of the bonds. They
were buying slowly.
So the announcement was made that
New York and Chicago bankers had
bought $2,OOO,0OO Of the bank bonds
and $1.O00,000 of the real estate bonds.
That seemed to put sort Of a cincher
on the deal. Farmers were told they
were good enough for Wall Street,
surely they should be taken at home
since the big biz" houses in the east
were glad to get the bonds at par
Nothing was said Of the terms on
which the bonds we're to be sold,
terms SO ridiculous that no self
respecting corporation would think of
offering it's securities on such a basis
The NOn-partisan League Officials of
North Dakota simply went begging on
their knees to dispose Of the bonds,
offering to pay the attorneys for the
banking houses a fat fee for examin-
ing the bords; to accept a partial pay
ment but deliver the bonds at once,
to keep large amount on deposit with
the houses taking the bonds for long
periods Of time and accept two per
cent interest for the use of this money
while payirg the same houses five per
cent interest on the bonds. Finally
they offered to give the two houses
negotiating for them, an option on all
future issues. The state officials
agreed to make the Bank Of North Da-
kota responsible for the collection Of
the interest on the bonds and to remit
1t to the eastern bankers ore month
before it was due, and to permit them
to deduct the first interest payment
from the amount to be paid for the
bonds in order that the first interest
money would be- available when due
whether collected by taxation in North
Dakota or not.
Did anyone ever hear Of a single
state in the union so degrading itself
in the financial world in order to sell
it's bonds?
None but North Dakota.
And now-THE BONDS ARE NOT
GOOD ENOUGH FOR WALL
or any other financial center
in the civilized world. because the
state of North Dakota will be in the
hands of receiver in less than Ave
years il the Townley regime continues ;
in control.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07
where THE
MONEY GOES


Many people have obtained employ
:: nent since the legislature adjourned
and new appointments are made
every month. The following is a
:: partial list of thocse who have been
fortunate enough to get on the state
payroll. ;,
NAME RATE OF YEARLY
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07

s.s. s.s.*s.s..::...*************:...:.:.*
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1919-11-07

fs:r-:. !: '::.-s..+%-Ss+%%s@[,
+ Largest and Oldest pa. q
+ per in Mel can County,
I. Established as The Times =
:. on May 10. 1883. q
.ss+*!-.. .:..:.-:. !: :. .:.-s.-t