davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
What Makes CoIors of Sunset?

From the Book of Wonders.
 The direction of the suns rays when they meet these large and small do with the combination of colors
 that result as these objects absorb part of the rays and throw off others. The sky is the most beautiful blue when the sun is high in the sky. But when the. sun is setting the light has a greater distance to travel through the belt of air which surrounds the earth than when it is high up over our heads. You know that if you stick a pin straight down into an orange it won't go in very far before it is clear through the peel, but if you stick the pin into an orange along the edge it will go through great deal more of the peel than the other way. That is the way it is with the sunset colors. The peel of the orange is good rep resentation of the belt of air which srrounds the earth. At sunset the light, instead of coming straight down through the belt of air, thus meeting
 the eye through the shortest possible
 amount of air, strikes the air on a slant, and. therefore, travels through a great deal more air and closer to the earth to reach 1t. with the results that it meets a great may more of these little specks. besides all the smoke and other things that hang in the air near the ground, and we thus get many more colors, because some of the things in the air absorb some of the rays and others absorb very dif- ferent rays when the light comes in thisy slanting way, and that is what makes the different co1ors in the sun lo,. For this reason sunsets are often richer and more beautiful in color when the air Is not so pure, but has much dirt and other matter floating about in it.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Calf Club Usefulness

Why shouldn't a boys and girls calf club grow into mems and women's COW club7 Or, more immediately speaking. a larger boys and girls calf club-larger boys and girls, that is. not larger club? Or. getting nearer the meat--or the milk of the thing, why shouldn't the club ooy or girl who raises calf milk that calf when she becomes a COW, watch her de- velopment, keep a set of books her production. and, in small way. learn the essentials of dairy farming, taking the figures to school and getting them interpreted, and incidentally teaching ''the old man" new trick or two?
 That is the question. in one form or another, asked by experts. It is ques- tion that farm people and agricultural extension workers might think about. There may be more to say on the subject after a while.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Pure-Bred Dairy Sires

Every dairy herd. regardless of it's quality or breeding. should have a good pure-bred dairy bull at it's head. This applies to ali scrub and grade herds as well as to herds of better breeding. The daughters of scrub COW and good pure-bred dairy sire are only grades, but often their production records are double the records of their dams if these daughters are then bred to first-class pure-bred dairy bulls of the same breed, the granddaughters may become high grades of large prohibition. In this way each generation may climb to high and still higher levels. The descendants of grade cows and pure-bred bulls can not be registered but in production of milk and butter fat they may equal pure-- breds Improvement due to feeding and selection has a limit beyond which 1t is very difficult to go. but there seems to he no limit to improvement due to breed- ing
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11

years And that meant restoring pas lures, restoring hay fields, insuing feed for the meat animals upon which the
 ta bles of the nation depend
 This return to sound agricultural prac- tice is important to the farmer. cer-
 tainly. But it is not more important to the farmer than it is to the city man. It has to do just as much with reducing the high cost of living as with reducing
 the high labor requirements and the fer tlity draining practice of farming.
 Wheat, officials point out, does not key the cost of living. It is merely one of number of CO ordinate elements. "One honest John Tompkins, a hedger
 and ditcher," that perfectly contented man whose praises are sung in the old verse. had habit of saying, 'If 1 can get meat, I can surely get bread May be his reasoning was faulty. But it was not a bit more faulty than that of some business and industrial leaders who say, by inference, If we can get bread we can surely get meat"
 Lack of pastures is serious handicap to production of low-cost milk. The man does not live who can produce beef economically without pasture. And. just as surely, the man does not live who can produce low-cost pork with out pasture.
 Milk Beef Pork Is there a more important item in the high cost of liv- ing than these?
 And so the department of agriculture, for the good of everybody concerned, continues to urge the sort of safe and sane agriculture that provides plenty of pasture and plenty of hay--which means providing plenty of meat and milk. The farmer, unless he chose to head straight for bankruptcy, could not think of maintaining a wheat acreage equal to that sown for the 1919 crop. With de- creased man power, and farm labor ap- pears to be just as hard to find now as it was during the war. farmers cannot maintain a materially larger acreage of titled and cereal crops than they Nd with larger man power several years ago. If they should undertake it as a perma nent policy, city families would not only have less meat and milk than they are accustomed to. but. they would actually
 have less bread, also
 War needs caused the blowing up of
 many pastures that, under peace time
 conditions, are worth more in the
 economy of the farm in pasture or hay
 than in cereal or titled crops Some of
 them are back in grass now. There are
 others that should be back in grass. Spe-
 calists of the department of agriculture
 suggest that every farmer during tie
 winter when he has leisure to lay his
 plans carefully, work out his own prob
 lem of reconstruction, make his plans
 for planting the kind of crops next spring
 that will enable him, if not at once, then
 as soon as possible, to put his farm
 back on its proper basis of diversification
 and rotation. His county agent and his
 state college of agriculture are ready to
 help him at any point where he may nesr
 help.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Hog Sale at Clanton


 In response to call about 75 farmers assembled at the courthouse at Clanton recently to organize bog growers as- sociation. with cooperative shipping as one of it's principal features. J. D. Col lins, tax collector. called the meeting to order and presided over the proceedings. After stating the object of the meeting, he called upon M. H. Pearson, marketing specialist at Auburn. who briefly ex- plained the method by which cooperative shipments of hogs could be made and outlined the necessary organization there for.
 J. C. Ford of the boys pig club work, was present from Auburn and talked on the better breeding of hogs, with sug- gestions as to feeding and care. The association then perfected it's organixa- tion by the election of three directors In the afternoon hogs that had been brought in to the sale were weighed graded and auctioned off. Judge Reyn- olds, judge of the probate court, was the successful bidder. securing the hogs at the price of SIP. for tops. Interest and enthusiasm in the sale ran high in spite of rain which continued almost all day
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
The Club Greed

According to their creed" North Da- kota agricultural club boys and girls believe in club work because of the op- portunity it gives them to become useful citizens and to serve their country and state. to which service they are willing to dedicate themselves.
 The creed also explains why they be- lieve in the four cardinal purposes of club work symbolized in the All club in- signia.
 They believe in training the head to give them power to think and plan and reason: in training the heart that they may be kind sympathetic and true; in training the hands to enable them to be helpful, skillful and useful; and in car ing for the health to give them strength to enjoy life. to resist disease and to be more efficient
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11

flock.
 1 A good. fresh egg should have small air space. The yoik should not be very
 distinct. There should be no back spots
 or rings Sometimes the eggshell has fine cracks in it. This is commonly known as a "eheck" egg. and should not be shipped with first-quality eggs. It spofss very quickly.
 Blood rings are partially incubated eggs which show distinct ring of blood on the yok. They are unfit for food and should be rejected Cause: A fertile egg in which the de- veIopment of the germ has proceeded un- til blood has formed and the embryo has died. Ring formation is not present while the embryo is alive. although blood spots or veins may show. Mody eggs have black spots that show 1 only before the candle. They are unfit for food
 Cause: Field nests or wet nests, hold l ing eggs in a damp place, or washing them. Dampness allows mold spores to enter the pores of the shell and grow in- side. Mold can also enter through any , cracks in the she'll. Black rots look more or less black be- fore the candle and are unfit for food. Cause: Dead chick. accompanied by bacterial decomposition, or extensive growth of mold and bacteria inside of the she'll
 Mixed rots, white rots, or added eggs when turned over before the candle show ! the yolk more or less mixed with the white. They are unfit for food Cause; Bacterial decomposition usually following advanced staleness. 1 Stuck yolk eggs have yolks apparently stuck to the shell They are unfit for I food
 | Cause: In hot weather. when fertile l eggs are kept without turning the yolk may rise through the white and become lattached to the shell membrane. In cool weather the yolll may settle in the sh Ss ! and become fastened 10 the shell menfr , brane.
 1 Heated eggs before the candle will
 show dark. heavy yolks, easily movable
 and with a distinct reddish glow. l Cause Egg is fertile and has been
 exposed to temperatures which start chick development. If temperature Is high enough and sufficient time elapses,
 deveiopment will continue until the em-
 hryo and blood forms. ' trap nest is laying nest so arranged that after a hen enters it she is confined l until released by the aItenGan,
 l When possible it is advisable to trS- nest the layers for the following req i sons:
 To tame the birds, thereby tending to-
 ward increased egg production. l To furnish definite Knowledge concern ing traits and habits of individuals.
 To furnish the only satisfactory basis for utility or other breeding | To eliminate the nonproductiye hen l To add mechanical precision to judg-
 ment and experience in developing and
 maintaining the utility of flock
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11

You have heard a great deal about the problems of reconstruction that are pressing for solution. But, ike most men. you have probably thought of them as tremendously big problems that had to be solved. nationally and interna tionally, by statesmen and diplomats and high ex- ecutives. They are that-but not just that. Every man, certainly every farm CT, has a reconstruction problem all his OWL
 The war unbalanced the agriculture of the United States by unbalancing the az riculture of individuai farms. There had to be produced the kind of food that could be transported over seas Wheat is pre-eninently that kind of food. and other grain crops are to an extent such Very many farms, therefore. got too heavy on the side of titled and cereal crep and too light on the side of hay crops and pasture. Many farmers in- creased their titled and cereal crops be- y ,nd what they had any basis of experf- eoce in carrying. Labor requirements were increased. Rotation practices were interfered with. To the extent that the wheat acreage was increased the eli matic hazard was increased, because under the extensive farm practice that characterizes American agriculture, wheat is crop that is very sensitive to climatic uncertainty. Such a prac- tice ofng continued was likely to result therefore, not in increased food produc- tion at all. but in actually reduced food production. In the long run. that would be the inevitable result. Even if by some miracle. the hazard of weather could be escaped, the practice would re- duce soil fertility until yields would be greatly cut down. But before that even, meat production would be harmfully re-
 iuced For it is as trus physically as spiritually that man does not live by bread alone Very largely, he lives by meat. And meat animals-and milk ans- mals-do not grow on grain alone. Most largely, they grow and produce on green grass and dry grass-pasture and hay. E Those are some of the reasons why the department of agriculture began urg- ing, almost immediately after the sign ing of the arnistice and continuously since, a return to sound agricultural prac- tfce-retuf11ing to pasture and hay lots 10 clover and other fertilizer fixing crops some of the land that had been used for grain during the war emergency. The suggestion has been criticised from some quarters, because in some quarters it has been misunderstood. sg-
 Specially, the department recommended that 1t was not advisable to undertake to maintain the wheat acreage sown for the crop of 1919. That did not imply that the department urged a smaller food production in the country. It did mean that the department was urging an m crease in the food production of the country by steadying agriculture, by re- ducing the hazards that necessarily play
 into the hands of spectators, by return ing agriculture to peace basis that would insure adequate production of all kinds of food for this year and for other
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Some Record

A grade Poland and Chester SOW gave birth to 24 pigs last September. Their owner says she has given birth to Y pigs and is now only two and one-halr years old. She has had four filters II. IS, IS and 24. A breeder of pure breds fortunate enough to have sows of this kind could smile at the high cost of feed, discharge the hired man and work cut the matter of success through an eisht-hour day. Another record is that of Duroc-Jersey SOW that was years old last May, has farrowed 52 pigs in 5z weeks for her owner, Col. N. B. Good rsch Bolivar. Mos live stock auctioneer. The sows record is F pigs May l, 1918, q February 26, 1919. and IS August 26, 1ala Every one was raised. A few sows with this strength of prolificness would be better than a national bank.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
What Makes a Soap Bubble?

From the Book of Wonders.
 A bubble is merely hollow ball oi water with air inside. The air in com ing up through the water in trying to rise out of the water is caught in the water in such way as to form the bubble, and since the ability of the air inside of bubble to rise is greater than that of the water which forms the bub- ble, and which has tendency to pull it down, the bubble rises into the air. The water ball is very thin and keeps running down to the bottom of the ball, where you see it form into drops and soon this makes the walls of the water bubble so thin that the air bursts through the ball of the water.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Indians Favor Better Sire

H. w Murray. farmer of the Fort Bidwell Indian agency, in California, is q staunch advocate of better sres, cording to information just received by the department of agriculture In apply ing for enrolment in the federal-state "Better Sires-Better Stock" campaign, Mir Murray announces that since he took charge of the agency in July he has al ready sent to the block two scrub boars and has replaced them with pure-bred boar T have always believed in raising the best, and hope the movement toward better si-Nt swih act like the proverbial snowfall .sL speed and size quickly, then stay erozen." The Fort Bidwen In- eian agency is a part of the government /1ndian service.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Many Varieties in Garden

garden 12z by fs feet, if given inten- sive cultivation. will produce more vege- tables, excepting potatoes. than fam fly of five or six can use, according to the experience of garden club member in Madison Parish La. During the past ent vegetables in her garden of little over tenth of an acre. Of some vege- tai bles she had several different varieties to determine which grew best and gave the best satisfaction in that climate and soil One of her cabbages measured a yard from tip to tip and weighed Is pounds
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Use of Self Feeders

Wherever labor can be saved on the farm and results accomplished just as satisfactorily. by all means save the labor. Results of experiments at the University of Missouri College of Agricus- ture. with self-feeders for fattening hogs show that those eating from a self-feeder gain more rapidly than those depending on the hand-feeding methods. The amount of feed necessary to produce a pound of pork remains practically the same, but the amount of labor is usually reduced. It is this decrease in labor which enters as a factor in cheapening the cost of producing pork.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Taking No Chances
the London Opinion

From the London Opinion.
 A famous jockey was taken suddenly i'll and the trainer advised him to visit doctor in the town.
 Hell put you right in jiffy," he said.
 The same evening he found Benja- min lying curled up in the stables kicking his legs about in agony. :'Hellc. Benny! Haven't you been to the doctory'
 well, didn't he do you any good ?" 'T didn't go in. When I got to his house. there was brass plate on his door-Dr Kurem. Ten to One.'-I wasn't going to monkey with long 1hot like that, .s.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Rabbit in the Mincemeat

Mincemeat. that toothsome filler for pies. has been blacklisted the last year or two by economical housedives because of the high cost of beef, an important ingredient in this delicacy. Numerous 'meatless mincemeat' recipes have been concocted. but to the discriminating Inincemeat to have the real flavor. needs meat The members of the Mother Daughter club in Washington county, Kansas are enjoying genuine mincemeat pies this winter and at the same time they are enpoying the feeling of having been economical. Rabbits are plentiful in certain parts of Kansas. and this club decided to use rabbit meat in place of beef in their old mincemeat recipes. The pie filling which resulted is said to be satisfactory in every way, with genuine mincemeat flavor And once more mincemeat is reckoned a household necessity in Washington county instead of a luxury.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Public Road Betterment

v-ererer public roads are improved He general tendency is for the value i1 adjoining farm lands o increase. This Is q practical consideration which pre- moturs of better highways point out shoutd not be overlooked for if means that money wisely spent oH the thorough fares is an investment paying good re itrns. Investigations by the department sericuiturs show that the value of land adjoining certain highways experi- enced marked increases in value after improvements in the roads were made By comparison with similar land on roads which had not been improved it. was mar Hest that the betterment of the high ways was z principal factor in the rise ef land prices
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
No Buttons Reported

From the Pittsburg Chronicie-Telegraph
 An old native minister in a West Indian village announced that he had invented an automatic collection basket, which would be passed around by the deacons of his church.
 Tt IS so arranged, my brethren,' said he. that if you drop quarter or half dollar, it falls Doiselessly on the red plush cushion; if you drop in a nickel it will ring q bell dat can distinctly be heard by the entiah congregation. but if you let ball button, my brethren, it will
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11

Z Fortieth Street-Morning service at il O clock and evening service att7 o'clock. The subject. of the morning service, s''Ys Are a Peculiar People" Subject of the evening service. Lay Up for Yourselves Treasures in FIeaven.". Both sermons by the pastor, J. Fred Sparks. Sunday school at s:%5; Romeo Neal superintendent. The mems adult Bible class meets at, s:&:
 R. c. Gilmore, teacher. Senior Epvofth league meets at o'clock. Mrs. Irwin.
 rresident. .ss ~ x
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Poor Mans Funeral

Norfolk, England, November 15-'lt IS no honor to man who worked hard all his life to spend money lavishly on ms funeral said Judge Mulligan here when a widow asked for $s50 to pay the ex- penses O. her husbands funeral She was allowed $50
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Deaths From Staryation

London. October 1S.-There were 26 deaths from starvation or acceleratel by privation in England and Wales the past year, thoAth wages were never higher and employment never less. according to an official state ment. Six of the deaths occurred in
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11
Would Wooden Spoon Get Hot:

From the BOOK Of WOnders.
 A wooden spoon would not get hot because wood is not good conductor of heat. The atoms which compose the wood have not the power to transmit the heat to each other This is strange, too, when we think that poker is a good conductor of heat, but will not burn. while wood Is not good conduc- tor, but will burn readily. Perhaps you have already discovered this in connec- ton with a wood fire. One end of a stick of wood may be burning hercely, and yet you can pick it up by the other end and find it Is not even warm This proves to you that wood is not a good conductor of heat. and explains why the handle of a wooden spoon in bowl of hot soup will not get hot while the handle of a silver spoon will.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11

Philadelphia women propose organiz- ing a political club. the first of it's kind in the Quaker City.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1919-12-11

the farmer can supply plenty of protein in the form of rabbits. horse meat wild game fish or skim milk. it is advisable that he. by all means. purchase and feed meat meal or fish meal regularly to his flock.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1919-01-26
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

tGGopHygr;iiYyh,: i'iH; by Fred. c. e;usrrlich:l
oxygen 70 rsmov. The carbon from, my en-
Sneciai eguinme J.. rc.nired for this.
ana YOU viii Hnd many repair shops equip
ped to do ii. l, is good way, If care is
taken when doing the work.
-. My brakes work good. but lately when
I use The foot-h raS" there is a very loud
squeak. have tried the brakes {. numbc"
or times, and they, ston The. car quickly and
hold we'll hin. hut they always sGtiea a.
What rs the cause of'this. please
a The lining is undonbtcdly somcw ha t
worn. so that rivct touches the drum.
Remove the wheel and with the round head
az tho hammer gently hammer down the
rivct so that IL is below tho lining.
-. The bearing OF my two cylinder motor
boat engine wears out very quickly | h.
nut three Babbitt hea rings in in four moni n .
ana no" must nut in another one Flea So
tell M what is the cause Of these bearings
wearing out so quickly. They are or whit.
metal. If
). You probabi are NOT Getting oil Ia tho
bearinE. Perhaps you failed TO Gu, an oil
hole or 4" cnt oil grooves. hEnin YOU may
nave set the bearing np too tightly study
N"ur oiiinS TN2tcT. ann also how the. nrc.
sure comes on the bearing anil get The o.,
f n1rs ana sroSves on N. seci,on which l..
nrrs arc vertical This viii he on the bot, ON