East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1919-09-18

There are three kinds of airships, |
the non-rigid, whose form or shape is /
alone maintained by the pressure OF I
gas inside. and aided by the cables /
and ropes which hold the passenger |
car underneath Then there is the |
rigid airship, or one having stiff I
wood or metal framework inside, the /
big gas bag to hold its shape for IT. |
The sem.-rigid airship has n rigid !
metal or wooden keel or spine along
its under side, which holds is partly
in shape, aided by the expansion or
gas inside Balloons and airshiDs
h aveappendices, too. The appendix
is a hose leading from the bottom
side of the gas bag to the car and
used for initiating it, or in the case
of the old fashioned spherical bal
Icon, like a big rubber ball, it serves
to equalize the gas pressure inside.
.A,fator," Man or Woman
An aviator is an operator or pilot
of an airplane, or any heavier-than-
air craft A balloon is a lighter
than-air- craft. The term aviator
fapplies to either a man or woman
who drives airplanes. The term
fuselage is common, yet not wholly
understood. 1t is the body of the
airplane. or the fabric-covered frame
work which holds the wings and then
turns back to the tail.
The trail group is general. and
it contains. besides the rudder or
rudders, depending on the type of
machine, one on either side of the
rudder,- and fins which are verticle
to the elevators and are fixed form
I ing one plane with the ruder when
| it is in a natural position. The con-
trolls are the wheel or "stick" for
use of the pilot in guiding his craft
the same as the wheel of an auto
mobile or the rudder of a boat. A
control has three uses, when in other
vehicles such as the motor car or boat
only two uses can be found for it.
The reason is that eaviators have to
contend with three dimensions. An
auto or boat can travel only backward
or forward, or widewise. A plane
can do these things and besides can
go either up or down.
Airplane Requires 'sDope."
"A hangar is a shed for an air. |
plane. An airplane also has dope"
in large quantities. Dope is a sub |
stance resent bling glue and SO forth, |
used in treating the cloth surfaces of /
airplanes and balloons to increase |
strength. produce tautness and act |
as a filler to maintain the air and |
prevent the fabric from leaking or !
tearing. Its base usually is cellulose. !
The nacelle CT an airplane or dirigi- |
BILE is n structure to which the wings
are attached. The engine is moored
and the passengers are stationed In 1t.
nacelle never extends back to the
tail. but sometimes protrudes out on
front and holds the propelles.
The term pancake" came into use
during the war. 1t means that an
airplane when landing straightens
out almost level with the ground in
stead of diving into it. In other
cases the tail is dropped lower than
the nose, so that the wings catch
the air and retard the force of the
descent. A pontoon is float or
buoyant construction attached to
either under the wings of a hydro
plane or flying boat or under its body
to keep 1t afloat.
When we speak in terms of speed
we mean air speed. or the relative
speed of an airp1ane in the air and |
1educting the actual speed of the air
from the distance we have. Travelled.
Ground speed is more common. If
we travel from one point to another
n 10 minutes, making 15 miles from II
4 to q, we say that the ground speed II
vas mile and half a minute, or II
10 miles an hour. The undercarriage II
If plane is the structure by which
t is enabled to land: the braces and
wheels. between iich skid bar Is
ometimes located